I want to install Ubuntu 12.04 in my laptop replacing my existing windows 8 PRO (am not affected by the UEFI since my laptop was a Windows 7 intial laptop). However I have several partitions in my hard disk as shown in the link below where C: is where my windows 8 is installed and D: is where my backup is, there is also a System Reserve partition. I do not want to loose any of my backup data in D: How can I install Ubuntu without loosing this data?and once I install ubuntu will I be able to access the partition D:?
I am a newbie in linux. I wanted to install ubuntu to my desktop. I currently have two partitions, Windows 8 in installed on one, and i have some important files in another partition. While installing ubuntu, if I chose "Replace Windows 8 with Ubuntu", do I lose the other partition too?   And are there other ways to leave the other partition as it is, and install ubuntu in the partition  where windows was installed.
The interaction of TeX and Lua can be quite delicate at times.  While the former has category codes and tokens, the latter has escape sequences and datatypes.  Mixing the disparate concepts of these two worlds can lead to unexpected behaviour which favours common errors, known as gotchas. In the community wiki answer below you can find an overview of the common mistakes that people make when getting to grips with LuaTeX. Who are responsible for pushing out the OTA updates? There are many parties involved in an Android phone. My question is who is responsible for the OTA updates of my phone. Is it the manufacturer, the phone service provider or Google?  I thought this answer could be answered generally but maybe not. My phone is the Galaxy Nexus i9250 witch is manufactured by Samsung. How can I make two objects interact I am making an animation where a person sits down on sofa. I need to make it such that when the person sits on the sofa or presses it with his hand, it deforms. However in my case, when he presses on the sofa, his hands goes trough the sofa. How can I fix this problem? I have been looking at a few scripts other people wrote (specifically Red Hat), and a lot of their variables are assigned using the following notation VARIABLE1="${VARIABLE1:-some_val}" or some expand other variables VARIABLE2="${VARIABLE2:-`echo $VARIABLE1`}"  What is the point of using this notation instead of just declaring the values directly (e.g., VARIABLE1=some_val)?  Are there benefits to this notation or possible errors that would be prevented?  Does the :- have specific meaning in this context? If a function $f(x)$ is Riemann integrable on $[a,b]$, is $f(x)$ bounded on $[a,b]$? I have realized that to pronounce the plural form of words ending in -th, we have to drop the letter "h". e.g. Months is pronounced /mʌnts/. But I have never seen this point mentioned in any context. I just want to make sure that this rule is correct and can be always applied. Can I use a one time pad key twice with random plaintext? Which of these sentences is correct, and why?   "What if the Moon was a Disco ball?" or  "What if the Moon were a Disco ball?" I used osm2pgsql to import data into my PostgreSQL database and it put gave me the following 4 tables, planet_osm_point, planet_osm_line, planet_osm_polygon and planet_osm_roads.   I have looked at the schema for osm2pgsql and inside the planet_osm_point table there is a column 'way' of type point. I tried to query it as an array like it says in the documentation here ():     It is possible to access the two component numbers of a point as   though the point were an array with indexes 0 and 1. For example, if   t.p is a point column then SELECT p[0] FROM t retrieves the X   coordinate and UPDATE t SET p[1] = ... changes the Y coordinate. In   the same way, a value of type box or lseg can be treated as an array   of two point values.   Anyone know the correct query the planet_osm tables from osm2pgsql based on long/lat? For example if I wanted to retrieve the information for Big Ben (London) I would query along the lines of:      SELECT * FROM planet_osm_point      WHERE ST_Y(ST_Transform(way, 4326)) = '-0.12'        AND ST_X(ST_Transform(way, 4326)) = '51.5';   There is no error message, it comes out with the table names, but no data is output either. (Its an empty table). What am I doing wrong here?  Perhaps it is too precise, i.e. there are no coordinates that match it exactly? Perhaps I need to try being more general, say 51 &lt; long &lt; 52 and -0.5 &lt; lat &lt; 0. Although this would throw back multiple results so would not be quite as accurate. How to flag a typo question I came across  today. In reading the answer and the comments it turns out that the issue was just a simple typo that the OP made. So that being the case I decided that this question probably needs to be closed since this will not be helpful to any future vistors. However, in looking at the flag reasons (I don't have the close ability yet), I don't see a flag that would be appropriate.   I know some of these options might still be influx because of the . However, until a different off-topic flag description is created, how should this be flagged? Or should this not be flagged at all and just allowed to live on or wait for a user with close votes to use a custom off-topic close option? What is the rule to convert the 'mm' notation to the 'optical zoom' notation? I searched a bit and found this one:  optical zoom = maximum focal length / minimum focal length   For example a 18-55mm lens would have a 3x optical zoom, and a 18-200mm lens would have a 11x optical zoom. Is that right? A friend of mine asked me to calculate the value of a perticular determinant, but after spending quite some time on it I'm unable to find a solution to it. The given determinant is:  $$         \begin{vmatrix}         0 &amp; 1 &amp; \cdots &amp;n-2&amp;n-1 \\         n-1 &amp; 0 &amp; \cdots &amp;n-3&amp;n-2 \\         \vdots &amp; \vdots &amp; \ddots &amp; \vdots &amp;\vdots\\         1 &amp; 2 &amp; \cdots &amp; n-1 &amp;0 \\         \end{vmatrix} $$  Also my friend is supposed to solve this determinant by more or less elementary methods, like elementary row operations, transpose... and no eigenvalues, nor adjoints.    First of all it seems like the value of the determinant is:  $$         \frac{1}{2n}\begin{vmatrix}         0 &amp; n &amp; \cdots &amp;n&amp;n \\         n &amp; 0 &amp; \cdots &amp;n&amp;n \\         \vdots &amp; \vdots &amp; \ddots &amp; \vdots &amp;\vdots\\         n &amp; n &amp; \cdots &amp; n &amp;0 \\         \end{vmatrix} $$  Anyway I tried adding all the rows to the last one and by taking $\frac{n(n-1)}{2}$ in front to have a row of 1s, but it didn't helped me much.  Then I tried to use the fact that:  $$         \begin{vmatrix}         A &amp; C \\         0 &amp; B \\         \end{vmatrix} = \det(A) \cdot \det(B) $$, where $A,B$ are square matrices. By subtracting the $(\frac{n}{2} + i)$-th column from the $i$-th ($i=0,1,2...$) and then adding the $i$-th row to the $(\frac{n}{2} + i)$-th row, one can obtain the wanted form, but again nothing more. Also this method pretty much fails when $n$ is odd.  My best attepmt was to notice that $A_{ij} + A_{ji} = n$ and using $\det(A^{T}) = \det(A)$, but unfortunatelly  $$\begin{vmatrix}         0 &amp; n &amp; \cdots &amp;n&amp;n \\         n &amp; 0 &amp; \cdots &amp;n&amp;n \\         \vdots &amp; \vdots &amp; \ddots &amp; \vdots &amp;\vdots\\         n &amp; n &amp; \cdots &amp; n &amp;0 \\         \end{vmatrix} \not = \begin{vmatrix}         0 &amp; 1 &amp; \cdots &amp;n-2&amp;n-1 \\         n-1 &amp; 0 &amp; \cdots &amp;n-3&amp;n-2 \\         \vdots &amp; \vdots &amp; \ddots &amp; \vdots &amp;\vdots\\         1 &amp; 2 &amp; \cdots &amp; n-1 &amp;0 \\         \end{vmatrix} + \left( \begin{vmatrix}         0 &amp; 1 &amp; \cdots &amp;n-2&amp;n-1 \\         n-1 &amp; 0 &amp; \cdots &amp;n-3&amp;n-2 \\         \vdots &amp; \vdots &amp; \ddots &amp; \vdots &amp;\vdots\\         1 &amp; 2 &amp; \cdots &amp; n-1 &amp;0 \\         \end{vmatrix}\right)^T$$ I tried to decompose the LHS by using the $n-$linearity of the determinants, by then one gets $2^n$ determinants on the RHS similar to the first one, but things are messy. Markov's paper on insolubility of the homeorphy problem Down vote changed to up vote caused reputation meter to pass daily maximum I just experienced a minor visual bug.  I had an answer that earned 2 down votes and 22+ upvotes, earning me the daily maximum of +200. Upon making some edits to the answer at the behest of the comments, one of the users who down voted changed their vote. Now my reputation meter shows that I gained +202 for the day.    This correctly did NOT affect my reputation, as I still only gained 200, so it is merely a minor display bug.  This appears in the achievements drop down and my reputation tab on my profile. I am using Adobe Illustrator CS6 to create small images (like icons) for my app so I need pixel precision.  How can I avoid X, Y, W and H properties to have decimals? Can I configure 0 decimals for this properties on my document?  If I use the textboxes with this properties it does right, it increases pixel by pixel, but when draggin with the mouse it uses up to 3 decimals. I asked a question that has been marked as a duplicate. I read a lot of similar questions and explanations in advance but I couldn't find a solution. In the question that should answer my question the asker used a different (not working) approach. There is even an answer that would work for my case however I'd rather consider it as a workaround than a solution since I have seen examples using my approach.  So I would like your opinion in that case. Would it be ok to repost my question while explaining why other answers didn't help me? I edited my question but I think it's not getting any attention anymore. Naturally I will remove the old question. How to safely change OS name in grub boot menu? I have a system where I am dual-booting Ubuntu GNOME 15.10 and Ubuntu GNOME 16.04, however after installing Ubuntu GNOME 16.04, I have found that in the GRUB boot entry list it is called "Ubuntu", whereas the other one is called something like "Ubuntu GNOME 15.10", is there any way I can change the text of the "Ubuntu" one to "Ubuntu GNOME 16.04"? And also change the names of the other options so that instead of "Advanced options for Ubuntu" it says "Advanced options for Ubuntu GNOME 16.04" etc?  I rather do it manually if it is safe to do so, or a piece of software could be recommended, however nothing from a PPA or other untrusted not official source (I will only install software from the Ubuntu official repositories). Is "aren't I" correct grammar? What are tag badges? How do they work? A doubt regarding change of variables in Double Integrals. So I have recently learnt to calculate &quot;Double Integrals&quot; and I have a doubt on change of variables. Lets say we are evaluating a double integral of the form I = $\int\int _R F(x,y) dx dy $ , where $F(x,y)$ is an integrable smooth function and $R$ is the region of integration in the $xy$ plane. Now I want to convert to polar co-ordinates $x(r,\theta)=r \cos(\theta)$ and $y(r,\theta) = r \sin(\theta)$. Now the region $R$ in the $xy$ palne can be suitably converted to some region $R'$ in the $r \theta$ plane. The function $F(x,y)$ may take the form of some smooth and integrable $G(r,\theta)$. My main doubt is with the change of the area element. According to my textbook, $dx dy = \frac{\partial (x,y)}{\partial(r,\theta)} = rdrd\theta$. So the area element in the $r\theta$ plane is $rdr d\theta$. Now I want to experiment a little bit with my understanding : I write $dx = d(r\cos\theta) = -r\sin\theta d\theta + \cos \theta dr$  and $dy = d(r\sin\theta)=r\cos\theta d\theta + \sin\theta dr $. And now I multiply the two expression for $dx$ and $dy$ : $dxdy= -r^2\sin\theta\cos\theta d\theta d\theta - r \sin^2 \theta drd\theta + r \cos^2 \theta dr d\theta + \sin \theta \cos\theta dr dr$. Why isn't this expression equal to $rdrd\theta$ ? The $d\theta d\theta$ and $dr dr$ terms look very odd to me. Am I commiting some abuse of notation or something ? Also there are no higher order terms like $dr dr d\theta$ which I can ignore. I am totally confused with all this. Can someone explain this to me a bit clearly? Thanks in Advance :). EDIT 1 : I know differentials are not the &quot;usual&quot; kind of algebraic quantities and we can't just add and multiply them casually. I am just multiplying $dx$ with $dy$ with the spirit of multiplying some $\delta x$ and $\delta y$ and letting both $\delta x$ and $\delta y$ tend to zero. EDIT 2 : Is there a branch of Mathematics where addition and multiplication of differentials is very common? Is there something like differential of a differential ?