I have a problem that when I type reboot to console it works. And I don't want that, I want to be asked to run it with sudo and password. I've done a few configurations to my ubuntu, and since I'm not an expert I might messed something up.  I work with small embedded devices with Linux on them, I am root there and I reboot them from time to time, so when I type reboot as a root I don't need sudo or a password. The problem is, when I type it by mistake to my local console and my PC reboots... But I'm not root on my PC, so how can I block it?
For whatever reason, we do no longer need to be root (or using sudo) to run /sbin/shutdown, /sbin/reboot etc.  This seems to be because those executables are now symlinks to /bin/systemctl which handles everything as normal user.  However, what if I want shutdown and reboot to require root authentication again? How can I achieve this?
Creating all possible line segments between all points using QGIS I want to connect all points in a point feature with every possible line segment using QGIS. For example, how a pentagon has five points with ten line segments connecting them all to form a pentagram inside. Alternatively phrased: How do I make spokes when all the points are hubs? I don't care about the order, I just want every connection between two points as one line each. Is there a tool or script that can do this in QGIS? This topic () is the closest to what I want but the plugins are no longer supported. Participles to modify the subject of the main clause "Essos is an immense landmass located to the east of Westeros,   extending into the far east of the known world." (Here, "extending"   describes the Essos or does it describes the landmass? )   Having seen this sentence above, I question came to my mind.   Can I use participles to modify the subject of the main clause when there is no connection between main clause and participle clause. For example:      1- "He is a bookworm, living in Canada. (He is a bookworm + He lives in   Canada, there is no connection between being bookworm and living in   Canada)      2- He, living in Canada, is a book worm. (I suppose, this placement would be more correct) How do I find (or exclude) all directories and sub-directories matching a certain pattern (in Linux)? How can I get the source directory of a Bash script from within the script itself? If $|G/H|=4$ then $G$ is union of three proper subgroups Let $G$ be a finite group and $N$ a normal subgroup of $G$ of index $4$. Prove that $G$ has a subgroup of index $2$ (hence normal) and if $G/H$ is not cyclic then $G$ is equal to the union of three proper subgroups.   I understand that $G/H$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_4$ or $\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2$. Let $K^*$ be a subgroup of $G/H$ of order $2$. Then $K^*\cong K/H$ for some $K$ such that $H$ is normal in $K$ and hence $[G:K]=[G/H:K/H]=4/2=2$.  If $G/H$ is not cyclic then $G/H\cong \mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2$. I don't know how to prove $G$ is the union of three subgroups. Could it be true that as $G/H$ is the union of three proper subgroups $K_1^*,K_2^*,K_3^*$ then the corresponding groups $K_1,K_2,K_3$ have union equal to $G$? Would anyone give me a hint to prove this?  Thank you. I would like to declare functions in tikz for multiple uses of the same function within the code.  Sadly, it seems that the tikz "declare function" is not compatible with the french option in babel. Indeed, the following code (that I simplifed on purpose) runs fine :  \documentclass[english]{article} \usepackage{babel}                       \usepackage{tikz}  \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}     \tikzset{declare function={Carre(\t)=\t*\t;}}     \draw plot [domain=-1:1] (\x,{Carre(\x)}); \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}   But when I replace   \documentclass[english]{article}   with   \documentclass[english,french]{article}   compilation generates an error. This is what the log file says :     Missing character: There is no = in font nullfont!   Missing character: There is no @ in font nullfont!   Missing character: There is no @ in font nullfont!      Runaway argument?   -1:1] (\x ,{Carre(\x )}); \end {tikzpicture} \end {document}    ! Paragraph ended before \pgfmath@local@@functions was complete.                          \par    l.18       I suspect you've forgotten a `}', causing me to apply this   control sequence to too much text. How can we recover?   My plan is to forget the whole thing and hope for the best.   Before posting this, I updated all packages without success.  Any help welcome! Merge two unadjacent partitions I have three partitions on my drive, arranged something like the following:   ___________ | 1 |  2 | 3| -------------   I wish to merge partitions 1 and 3.  Is there a way to do this, or do I have to manually "slide" partition 2 over to partition 3, and then merge the newly open space where partition 2 used to be?  Note: I do not have the space to copy partition 2 to partition 3 (2 is 200GB and 3 is 65GB). Does the plastic cap on a Presta valve serve any purpose once fitted to a rim? I can see the use of the valve cap on a Presta valve when the tube is still packaged (it obviously stops the valve puncturing the tube), but does it do anything except look pretty (or not) once you've fitted the tube to a rim?  I've kept them on out of habit, because I've had problems with sticking Schrader valves in the past when I've lost the caps and dirt/grime has got in there - but the design of Presta valves suggests to me that they wouldn't suffer this fate.  Given that I really need to , is replacing this cap something I can leave out of my daily chores? Why "would" instead of "will" in this sentence? The goal for these negotiations is to reach a mutually-agreed long-term comprehensive solution that would ensure Iranˈs nuclear program will be exclusively peaceful.    what does would imply here? If it implies future, why will has not been used?  A good link teaching would thoroughly would be really appreciated. Specially, distinguishing between the senses of would is not always easy. Where does gravitational waves' energy go? I'd like to update the label of an operator when it's called. But this :  def execute(self,context):     self.bl_label = "good night"   ... apparently doesn't work if the bl_label property has already been defined. Am I wrong ? I just noticed . Hey! I'm there! But that's beside the point.  The point is that Nick Craver is there too. Nick seems to like really long tag names, so his profile shows up like this:    Akk! Diamonds everywhere!  It seems that the page is optimized for only two lines of tags per user. One tag per line means three lines. Three lines means that Nick's reputation (tag) is cut in half.  Let's not cut Nick's rep (tag) in half on the Users page, no? How can metagaming retries on poor skill checks be prevented? Construct ideals in $\mathbb Z[x]$ with a given least number of generators How do injuries work with Polyjuice Potion? We know that if you (using Polyjuice), take the form of someone who had been injured, you assume that injured form (e.g. Barty/Moody). If you are injured, presumably you would be uninjured while under Polyjuice. My question is, is this in real-time? That is, if you take a Polyjuice, and while you're still under its effects, the person being transformed into gets injured (or even dies), will that injury be transferred onto you? And conversely, if you get injured while in someone else's body, will that transfer over to your real body after the Polyjuice wears off, will it disappear, or will it go to the person you turned into? Can the Artificer Artillerist's tiny-sized Eldritch Cannon that is not held in hand still ride or be carried elsewhere on the body? Definite article before name of languages Should I use the definite article before name of languages?   (the?) Persian language (the?) German language (the?) Arabic language (the?) Russian language (the?) English language   Some language name may also refer to other things, so you need language word after their name. Differences between the introduction of a sandwich thesis and a paper I would like to know what are the main differences between the introductory part of a paper and of a thesis. My thesis would be a sandwich type, so I would have to wrap everything there.  Some of the differences are:   Longer in thesis. Deeper in thesis. Extended definition of key terms, concepts and methodology in thesis. Clear definition of the whole goal in thesis, whereas paper smaller goal.   To narrow the possible answers, I do research on the molecular aspects of the infection steps of a pathogenic swine bacteria. Also develop strategies to block infection by using vaccines. How can I create a zip archive of a whole directory via terminal without hidden files? I have a project with lots of hidden folders / files in it. I want to create a zip-archive of it, but in the archive shouldn't be  any hidden folders / files. If files in a hidden folder are not hidden, they should also not be included.  I know that I can create a zip archive of a directory like this:  zip -r zipfile.zip directory   I also know that I can exclude files with the -x option, so I thought this might work:  zip -r zipfile.zip directory -x .*   It didn't work. All hidden directories were still in the zip-file. S. Weinberg, “The Quantum theory of fields: Foundations” (1995), Eq. (9.2.15) In Weinberg's book The Quantum Theory of Fields, Volume 1 on p.388 (Chapter 9), the following identity is used (with $f$ being any "reasonable" function):  $$f(+\infty) + f(-\infty) = \lim_{\epsilon \rightarrow 0^+} \epsilon \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} d\tau f(\tau) e^{-\epsilon |\tau|}.\tag{9.2.15} $$  I don't understand the identity in a qualitative / heuristic way.