I am trying to use a for loop to use multiple files for trimmomatic but the output files are kept in a different directory that has pre-installed directories with Input names. But when I am running the command, it is not able to detect the sub directories:  /home/samarpana/archive/3_Trimmomatic/Sample_x_R1.fastq (No such file or directory).    The output directories are named as Sample_x_R1, Sample_y_R2 etc.. What has to edited so that the output directory reads only the file name and not its extension (i.e .fastq in this case).  The command that I am using is given below.  for file in *.fastq; do      java7 -Xmx8g -jar /opt/apps/Trimmomatic-0.30/trimmomatic-0.30.jar PE -threads 12 -phred33 /home/samarpana/archive/Project_Asthma_Exome_25062015/Fastq/$file /home/samarpana/archive/3_Trimmomatic/$file ILLUMINACLIP:/home/samarpana/scratch/adapters/TruSeq3-PE.fa:2:30:10 CROP:98 HEADCROP:3 SLIDINGWINDOW:25:20 MINLEN:50;  done
So, I'm using a script I've made to convert videos to the webm format. A certain program calls the script, sending %f which is the full, absolute file name of the video, like this:  converter.sh %f   where %f has two possible extensions, .avi or .mpg.  # /bin/bash ffmpeg -i $1 `dirname $1``basename $1 avi`webm &amp;&amp; rm $1   It currently works perfectly when $1 contains a .avi file, because basename removes the .avi extension. When $1 ends with .mpg instead, the result is .mpgwebm.  How can I modify that script to be able to receive those two possible different formats?    Resuming: If $1 is /somedir/video.avi, the script should do:  ffmpeg -i /somedir/video.avi /somedir/video.webm   And if $1 is /somedir/video.mpg, the script should do:  ffmpeg -i /somedir/video.mpg /somedir/video.webm   I know this might be fool for some people, but I'm kind of new with the bash.
Why use pointers? Are there any infinite series about which we don't know whether it converges or not? Or are the convergence tests exhaustive, so that in the hands of a competent mathematician any series will eventually be shown to converge or diverge? EDIT: People were kind enough to point out that without imposing restrictions on the terms it's trivial to find such &quot;open problem&quot; sequences. So, to clarify, what I had in mind were sequences whose terms are composed of &quot;simple&quot; functions, the kind you would find in an introductory calculus text: exponential, factorial, etc. Prove by induction $\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n}\ge\frac{2}{3}n\sqrt{n}$ for all positive integers Assumption: $\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}\ge\frac{2}{3}k\sqrt{k}$   Prove true for $n=k+1$ $$\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\ge\frac{2}{3}(k+1)\sqrt{k+1}$$  I'm upto :$$\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}\ge\frac{2}{3}k\sqrt{k}+\sqrt{k+1}$$after which I'm stuck. Expression for a choice which isn't really one Landscape topography from grayscale image Fortunately, I have very few strongly negative interactions with cars (most people generally seem to respect the way I ride), but those that do stick with me for a while.  The scenario is almost always the same. Rude driver approaches, does their rude thing (obscenities, "get off the road," unsafe passing, etc...), then speeds off to annoy the next bicyclist (or more than likely arrives at the next red light).  While this is generally a short interaction, I find that I just don't have a good rest of the ride. I find myself angry at the driver, thinking about what I could have done differently, and just generally being pissed off. Clearly I realize that it is possible I'm a jerk, but given the relative infrequency of these events I'm hoping that's not the case and I'm just riding defensively and this driver is having a bad day.  What can I do to get over (or mitigate) my anger at inconsiderate drivers? Go to  Add a few photos to a photo album Go back to All Photos   See all of the photos there, even ones you copied to the Album. No problem here, per se. At least not yet.  What if you want to delete photos that you did not copy to that album?  Where is the selector or filter that filters those "in an album already" photos from this main view?  Or is there a way to create such a filtered view such that I can then cherry-pick photos for deletion? Prove that the polynomial $(x-1)(x-2)\cdots(x-n) + 1$, $ n\ge1 $, $ n\ne4 $ is irreducible over $\mathbb Z$ I try to solve this problem. I seems to come close to the end but I can't get the conclusion. Can someone help me complete my proof. Thanks          Show that the polynomial $h(x) = (x-1)(x-2)\cdots(x-n) + 1$ is irreducible over $\mathbb Z$ for all $n\ge1$ and $ n\ne4$.      Suppose $h(x) = f(x) g(x)$, then we must have $f(i)g(i) = 1$ for all $i = 1,2,...n$. So both $f(i)$ and $g(i)$ are $1$ or $-1$. In either case, $m(x) = f(x) - g(x)$ has degree smaller than $n$ and have $n$ different roots ($1,2,...,n$). So we must have $m(x) = 0$. Then $h(x) = f(x)^{2}$. So $n$ must be even. Let $n = 2k$. Because $f(x)$ has degree $k$, there are $k$ values from $\{1,2,...,2k\}$ at which $f(x)$ is $1$ and $k$ values at which $f(x)$ is $-1$.  This is where I got stuck. Hope some one can help me solve this. Thanks. Shutdown button only logs out ubuntu 15.04 The bijection between homogeneous prime ideals of $S_f$ and prime ideals of $(S_f)_0$ BibTeX handling of the Dutch "van" name prefix with natbib How can I show a supremum of a set is also its limit point? It just seems like I can't wrap my head around this. For a set $A$ how can I show that the supremum of that set $\sup(A)$ is also a limit point of said set? Can I just set $$a=\sup(A)$$ $$b\le a \: \:  \forall \: b \in A$$ and then show that there's a point different from $a$ in any $\epsilon$-neighbourhood for any $\epsilon&gt;0$? Or should I use a completely different approach? Failed review audit - for me quite clearly off-topic, can it be removed from the audit set? No more disk space: How can I find what is taking up the space? I've run into a problem on one of my servers running 16.04: there is no disk space left.  I have no idea what is taking up the space. Is there a command to list the current directory sizes, so I can traverse and end up in the directory taking up all the space? What is the most elegant way to solve this:   open a file for reading, but only if it is not already opened for writing open a file for writing, but only if it is not already opened for reading or writing   The built-in functions work like this  &gt;&gt;&gt; path = r"c:\scr.txt" &gt;&gt;&gt; file1 = open(path, "w") &gt;&gt;&gt; print file1 &lt;open file 'c:\scr.txt', mode 'w' at 0x019F88D8&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; file2 = open(path, "w") &gt;&gt;&gt; print file2 &lt;open file 'c:\scr.txt', mode 'w' at 0x02332188&gt; &gt;&gt;&gt; file1.write("111") &gt;&gt;&gt; file2.write("222") &gt;&gt;&gt; file1.close()   scr.txt now contains '111'.  &gt;&gt;&gt; file2.close()   scr.txt was overwritten and now contains '222' (on Windows, Python 2.4).  The solution should work inside the same process (like in the example above) as well as when another process has opened the file. It is preferred, if a crashing program will not keep the lock open. A slick proof that a field which is finitely generated as a ring is finite It is a known fact that if $k$ is a field that is finitely generated as a ring, which is the same as having a surjective ring homomorphism $f:\mathbb{Z}[x_1,\dots,x_n]\to k$ for some $n\in \mathbb{N}$, then $k$ must be finite. Since finite generation as a ring implies finite generation over the prime field ($\mathbb Q$ or $\mathbb F_p$), by Noether normalization it follows that $k$ must be a finite extension of its prime field. In positive characteristic this finishes the job and in zero characteristic, should lead quickly to a contradiction, though I don't see immediately how. Is there an elementary/slick proof of this fact? How to use WPF Background Worker In summer, should I close curtains during the day? How does Edo Tensei Madara get back his Rinnegan? Madara gave his Rinnegan to Nagato. But after Kabuto brings him back using Edo Tensei, he still has the Rinnegan. How is this possible? Why must local variables have initial values?