Sorry I haven't figured out how to properly write up questions on this yet. I have to get the limit as $x$ goes to $1$, of the function $- (x-1)/\log(x)$ without using L’Hospital’s rule, any suggestions?
$$\lim_{x\to 0} \frac{\ln(1+x)}x$$  The process I  want to take to solving this is by using the definition of the limit, but I am getting confused. ( without l'hopitals rule)   $$\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h) - f(x)}h$$  $$\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{\frac{\ln (1+x+h)}{x+h} - \frac{\ln(1+x)}x}h$$  $$\lim_{h \to 0} \frac{x\ln(1+x+h) - (x+h)\ln (1+x)}{hx(x+h))}$$  At this point I get confused because I know the answer is $1$, but I am not getting this answer through simplification of my formula.
I'm a C++ newbie, but I wasn't able to find the answer to this (most likely trivial) question online.  I am having some trouble compiling some code where two classes include each other.  To begin, should my #include statements go inside or outside of my macros?  In practice, this hasn't seemed to matter.  However, in this particular case, I am having trouble.  Putting the #include statements outside of the macros causes the compiler to recurse and gives me "#include nested too deeply" errors.  This seems to makes sense to me since neither class has been fully defined before #include has been invoked.  However, strangely, when I try to put them inside, I am unable to declare a type of one of the classes, for it is not recognized.  Here is, in essence, what I'm trying to compile:  A.h  #ifndef A_H_ #define A_H_  #include "B.h"  class A {     private:         B b;      public:         A() : b(*this) {} };  #endif /*A_H_*/   B.h  #ifndef B_H_ #define B_H_  #include "A.h"  class B {     private:             A&amp; a;      public:         B(A&amp; a) : a(a) {}  };  #endif /*B_H_*/   main.cpp  #include "A.h"  int main() {     A a; }   If it makes a difference, I am using g++ 4.3.2.  And just to be clear, in general, where should #include statements go?  I have always seen them go outside of the macros, but the scenario I described clearly seems to break this principle.  Thanks to any helpers in advance!  Please allow me to clarify my intent if I have made any silly mistakes! Finding what methods a Python object has Given a Python object of any kind, is there an easy way to get the list of all methods that this object has?  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OR  b: You can call if you need me.  Note that in a:, the comma is placed before the "if" and is not present in case b.  From this link, I gather that it isn't necessary because it's a short sentence:   But can someone point out an "official" source on this usage? Living forever in D&D (via spells)? I was thinking of a way for a humanoid (PC or NPC) to live forever in a D&amp;D setting, but through rather "common" and reproducible means, such that they will be available to many. By this logic I exclude cases such as a god giving immortality (or some other intervention) or a unique item granting an endless lifespan etc.  To cover all bases I will note that miracle and wish cannot do this directly, nor can true resurrection (and its lesser brethren) "restore to life a creature who has died of old age".  I had came up with the following ruse:   Reach your deathbed with at least 2 HD (or levels). Have someone kill you so that the cause of death will not be "old age". Have a druid cast reincarnate on you into a young body. You "recall the majority of your former life". I assume your memories, personality/identity and experiences are preserved.   Rinse and repeat. It's not that difficult to recover the 1 HD lost through the course of almost a lifetime. The material components are worth 1,000 gp - might not be easy to get, but surely possible.  Furthermore, it is stated that "A wish or a miracle spell can restore a reincarnated character to his or her original form.". I assume the "original form" is the aged humanoid at his or her deathbed - not the direction we are looking for, unless it means that the humanoid restores his race only.  Is there a flaw in this plan? Is there another way of doing it? What determines speciation at a molecular level?  At what point does a scientist determine two lineages are different enough to be considered separate species?  Does it have a margin of error? Sometimes I found that writing just "J. 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