Imagine this example. I've a field with following values:  10000 13455 90 12347 90 1111 235679   How can I identify that 90 are a outlier? Using average or standard deviation?  Thanks!
Following my question , I am wondering if there are strong views for or against the use of standard deviation to detect outliers (e.g. any datapoint that is more than 2 standard deviation is an outlier).  I know this is dependent on the context of the study, for instance a data point, 48kg, will certainly be an outlier in a study of babies' weight but not in a study of adults' weight.  Outliers are the result of a number of factors such as data entry mistakes. In my case, these processes are robust.   I guess the question I am asking is: Is using standard deviation a sound method for detecting outliers?
If $x\sqrt{1+y}+y\sqrt{1+x}=0$ find $y'$ Is there any standard notation for specifying dimension of a matrix after the matrix symbol? I want to explicitly specify dimension of matrices in some expressions, something like   $$\boldsymbol{A}_{m \times n} \boldsymbol{B}_{n \times m} = \boldsymbol{C}_{m \times m} \, .$$  Is there any more or less standard notation for this?    While this notation is generally unambiguous, I think it become ambiguous, for example, in the following case. Suppose that I have some column or row vector which is conjugate transpose of correspondingly row or column vector. If I write it in the following way  $$\boldsymbol{A}_{n \times 1}^{\dagger} \, ,$$ we can have 2 different interpretations:   matrix $\boldsymbol{A}_{n \times 1}$ is $n \times 1$ column vector and by $\boldsymbol{A}_{n \times 1}^{\dagger}$ I'm referring to its conjugate transpose which is $1 \times n$ row vector; matrix $\boldsymbol{A}_{n \times 1}^{\dagger}$ itself is $n \times 1$ column vector which is conjugate transpose of $1 \times n$ row vector $\boldsymbol{A}$. I am using postgreSQL, postGIS and pgrouting. Now I am really confused on how am I going to find the shortest path between multiple points.   I know how to find it between two points through dijkstra but I am confused how to accomplish the same result with more than two points.   I have done some research and found this:    But still I did not understand if its the right way and how to install it. How to use Whatsapp mobile application on Ubuntu Touch? In my Android I have "Whatsapp" application running. But mobile freak I am not, and specially the mobile keyboards.  So how can I run my same application, same account from my Ubuntu desktop PC?   Follow up:  Just to do keyboard routing, i have used . Which allows me to takeover the Android input fields access via web link to type in my PC keyboard, and then it re-route the keys to Mobile.  Features:   Allows me to copy and paste large texts to Android input fields without using the keyboard of Android but simply using my Desktop PC, via web link http://android.ip.address.goes.here:port/ Allows me to have key submit which is similar to key press of mobile set itself   At-least works without having mobile in rooted. Hope it helps you!! Show that G is a group, if G is finite, the operation is associative, and cancellation law holds Let $G$ be a non-empty finite set with an associative binary operation so that cancellation law holds, i.e. $ab=ac$ or $ba=ca$ implies $b=c$, for any choices of $a,b,c$ in $G$. Assume that there is an identity element $e$ in $G$. Show that $G$ is a group.  Proof: To show $G$ is a group, conditions must hold. Suppose that $ab=ac$, then $b=eb=(a^{-1}a)b =a^{-1}(ab)=a^{-1}(ac) =(a^{-1}a)c=ec=c$. So left cancellation holds in $G$.  2) Suppose $ba=ca$, then $b=be=b(aa^{-1}) =(ba)a^{-1}=(ca)a^{-1} =c(aa^{-1})=ce=c$. So right cancellation holds in $G$.  3) If $a$ exists in $G$ then $aa^{-1}=a^{-1}a=e$, where $a$ is an inverse of $a^{-1}$. Since inverses are unique, $(a^{-1})^{-1}=a$.  4) Let $x$ be the inverse of $ab$. Then $(ab)x=e$. By associativity we have $a(bx)=aa^{-1}$. Through left cancellation we have  $bx=a^{-1}bx=ea^{-1}=b(b^{-1}a^{-1})$ and $x=b^{-1}a^{-1}$.  Thus $(ab)^{-1}=b^{-1}a^{-1}$. So all conditions hold, $G$ is a group.  Is this proof correct? I know to show $G$ is a group these conditions have to be met. This is all I have to show right? Is the function $f(x)=|x|^{1/2}$ Lipschitz continuous? Is the function $f(x)=|x|^{1/2}$ Lipschitz continuous near $0$? If yes, find a constant for some interval containing $0$.   I think the answer is yes since I can find $L=1$ that satisfies Lipschitz continuity criteria in a interval close to $0$, am I right? Here's a question I've been asked;  Given distinct primes $p,q,r$, show that any group $G$ of order $pqr$ is not simple.   So far, my idea has been to individually check each possible proper subgroup, since by Lagrange there are only $$\dbinom{3}{2} + \dbinom{3}{1} + 1$$ of them, and show that at least one of them other than the trivial group is normal. Surely there is a smarter way, since generalizing this approach wouldn't work so well if I wanted to show similar results for groups who's order is a product of $n$ distinct primes.  Is there some other approach? Thanks for any insights Can I apply for a Schengen visa at a country where I'm not a citizen? If so, under what conditions? I'm a citizen of country A who would like to apply for a Schengen visa at a consulate in country B. When is this possible? Body Diode of a MOSFET So for some MOSFETs, specially with Power MOSFETs, the body diode is a flyback diode that (as far as aI can tell) can be conveniently added to the MOSFET's bulk as there already PN junctions (correct me if I'm wrong).  I've looked at the datasheet of a Power P-MOSFET and it has parameters like "Internal Source Inductance" and "Internal Drain Inductance". So, is the build up of reverse voltage on the source and drain sides, when said MOSFET is suddenly turned off, a behavior intrinsic to (at least some) MOSFETs? Or are these from the rest of the circuit, say inductive loads? What's the maximum hand luggage volume you can take with you to match all (or important) airline regulations considering only international connections?  In case my question is not clear, I'm looking for the one biggest carry-on bag that is accepted by all (or important) airlines on international connections. Accepted dimensions tend to be somewhat different on different airlines, meaning that a specific bag might be allowed on one airline, but not on another.  So, my question is what is the biggest bag that meets all (or important) airline requirements? What are the colored/highlighted edges in edit mode? There are red and pink edges on my mesh.  What do these colored edges mean? How can I use them? What is a primary decomposition of the ideal $I = \langle xy, x - yz \rangle$? Given the ring $k[x,y,z]$, where $k$ is a field, and an ideal $I=(xy,x-yz)$, find a primary decomposition of $I$.    I tried to draw the graph of the variety of $I$ and get a decomposition of $(x,y)\cap(x,z)$ (the two prime ideals corresponds to the irreducible components of the variety), but apparently these two ideals are not the primary decomposition of $I$, and I don't know how to fix this.  I would really appreciate it if someone can help me. thx Let $A$ be a nonempty and bounded below, and define $B= \{b\in \mathbb{R}: b$ is a lower bound for $A\}$. Show sup$B$ = inf$A$.   So far I have: Let $A$ be nonempty and bounded below. This implies $\exists l \in A, \forall a \in A, l\leq a$ and $l =$ inf$A$. Let $B = \{b\in \mathbb{R}: b$ is a lower bound for $A\}$ and let $M=$ sup$B$. This implies $\exists b\in B, \forall b \in B, b\leq M$. By definition of $B$, we know inf$A \in B$. Since $b\leq$ sup$B$, with sup$B$ the largest element in $B$, we have inf$A \leq M =$ sup$B$, so inf$A \leq$ sup$B$.  I realize I have to prove that sup$B \leq$ inf$A$ to get that sup$B$=inf$A$. I am having trouble doing so.   Part B: Use (a) to explain why there is no need to assert that greatest lower bounds exist as part of the Axiom of Completeness. A word for "every two days" I'm trying to use the \citep command in Latex and my document class is elsarticle. The problem is that it displays numbers not authoryear citations in the text which is what I'm looking for. Here are related parts of my code:      \documentclass[preprint,11pt]{elsarticle}      \usepackage{natbib}   ...      \bibliographystyle{plainnat}      \bibliography{ML}   And I'm obviously using the \citep command like this:      I once read \citep{edelman1993magnetic}   And my .bib file looks like this:  @article{wolf2009regional, title={Regional brain activation changes and abnormal functional connectivity of the         ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during working memory processing in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder}, author={Wolf, Robert C and Plichta, Michael M and Sambataro, Fabio and Fallgatter,     Andreas J and Jacob, Christian and Lesch, Klaus-Peter and Herrmann, Martin J and     Sch{\"o}nfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos and Connemann, Bernhard J and Gr{\"o}n, Georg and others}, journal={Human brain mapping}, volume={30}, number={7}, pages={2252--2266}, year={2009}, publisher={Wiley Online Library} }   The result looks like:  I once read[1]   I'm looking for a result like this:  I once read(wolf., 2009)   Elsevier is actually looking for:  Text: All citations in the text should refer to:    Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;  Two authors: both authors' names and the year of publication;  Three or more authors: first author's name followed by 'et al.' and the year of publication.    Thanks in advance How to control the coordinates in Tikz & Matrix? I use Tikz with Matrix because I need to draw arrows and write on and beside the matrix. However, I don´t control the coordinates well other than using trail and error. For instance in the matrix below I have put an X at (0,0) and it is not in the centre of the matrix. However, if the matrix is 4x4 than it is in the centre. Is there any convenient way to know the coordinates? \documentclass[border=1cm]{standalone}  \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{matrix}   \begin{document}  \begin{tikzpicture} \matrix(m) [matrix of math nodes, nodes in empty cells, nodes={minimum size=1cm, outer sep=0pt, text height=1.5ex, text depth=.25ex}] {  36     &amp;   &amp; 32    &amp;   &amp; 33    &amp;   \\         &amp;   &amp;       &amp;   &amp;       &amp;   \\  10     &amp;   &amp; 8     &amp;   &amp; 7     &amp;   \\         &amp;   &amp;       &amp;   &amp;       &amp;   \\  12     &amp;   &amp; 17    &amp;   &amp; 16    &amp;   \\         &amp;   &amp;       &amp;   &amp;       &amp;   \\  23     &amp;   &amp; 15    &amp;   &amp; 16    &amp;   \\     &amp;   &amp;   &amp;       &amp;   &amp;       &amp;   \\ };  \draw (m-1-1.north west) rectangle (m-8-6.south east);    % Lineas horizontales \foreach \i in {2,4,6,8} {   \draw (m-\i-1.south west) -- (m-\i-6.south east); }  % Lineas verticales \foreach \j in {2,4,6} {   \draw (m-1-\j.north east) -- (m-8-\j.south east); }  % dual ui \node [font=\color{red}] at (3.5,3) {$\ge 10$}; \node [font=\color{red}] at (3.5,1) {$\ge 8$}; \node [font=\color{red}] at (3.5,-1) {$=4$}; \node [font=\color{red}] at (3.5,-3) {$=3$};  % dual vj \node [font=\color{red}] at (-2.5,-5) {$\le12$}; \node [font=\color{red}] at (-0.5,-5) {$=12$}; \node [font=\color{red}] at (1.5,-5) {$=6$};  \node [font=\color{red}] at (0,0) {X};  \end{tikzpicture}     \end{document} Form within a block I'm using drupal_get_form('event_signup_form') to embed my custom form inside a block. The form is being rendered as intended, but submitting the form triggers nothing.  The form function itself is called event_signup_form($form, &amp;$form_state) and the submit function is called event_signup_form_submit($form, &amp;$form_state) but it's not being called.  I am using  to show the form:  function event_block_view($delta = '') { $blocks = array(); if ($delta ...) { $blocks['content'] = drupal_render(drupal_get_form('event_signup_form')); } }   I managed to get this working - here is how (stub):  function hook_block_view($delta = '') { $blocks['content'] = drupal_render(drupal_get_form('event_signup_form')); }  function event_signup_form() { // Register form submit handler, same goes for validation handler $form['#submit'][] = 'event_signup_form_submit';  return $form; }  function event_signup_form_submit($form, &amp;$form_state) { // This is now triggered } Does a surjective ring homomorphism have to be surjective on the unit groups? I am a Swedish citizen traveling to Kyrgyzstan via Russia. Do I need a transit visa while waiting for my flight iin 24 hours? How are self-replicating mines supposed to work?