Since some weeks ssh asks me to Enter passphrase for key '[home directory]/.ssh/id_rsa' without any changes to the system. I may have installed updates, but I can't make a connection to a specific one, also not after going through /var/log/apt/history.log.  Invoking gpg-agent which I recall is somehow related to storing such passwords prints gpg-agent[24068]: no gpg-agent running in this session to terminal.  I'm using Unity and see the same issue when using GNOME shell.  After removing a stale ~/.gnupg/gnupg_spawn_agent_sentinel.lock I could fix and issue where I experienced a ~60 seconds freeze of the screen between login and displaying of the desktop for both Unity and GNOME shell and after every login as well as blocking of email sending in thunderbird because the add-on Enigmail was launching /usr/bin/gpg2 --charset utf-8 --display-charset utf-8 --use-agent --batch --no-tty --status-fd 2 --with-fingerprint --fixed-list-mode --with-colons --list-secret-keys which (run in a terminal) permanently printed gpg: waiting for lock (held by 28158) .... So, there might be more issues regarding stale locks.  I'm using Ubuntu 17.10.
Since I updated to Ubuntu 17.10 a while ago, my private keys – the which I use for example to access my server via ssh – are not unlocked programmatically after login anymore.    My understanding is, that usually the seahorse client should take care of this, by asking you whether or not to store the key's password when typing them in for the first time.  My first guess was, that seahorse-daemon wasn't running for some reason, but it is:  user@Zeus:~$ ps aux | grep seahorse user    19170  0.0  0.1 432636 26564 ?        Ss   00:07   0:00 seahorse-daemon   My second guess was, that for some reason I have to delete all related passwords stored in seahorse under »Passwords->login«:    I was hoping to force the client to ask me again and then storing them again. But this didn't help either. The client does not pop up to ask me...  Then I found this question, which could be related, but did not help me:    As the management of other passwords work as expected (for example passwords for nautilus, Chromium, Nextcloud etc.) I assume the problem has to do something with ssh-agent...  Can anybody hint me in the right directions, how to solve this problem? Has anything changed in the way how GNOME handles passwords? Maybe some new fancy program failed being installed during the upgrade process?   UPDATE When I add the private key to the authentication agent again with:  ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa   and try to log in, I will be asked to unlock the key only once, after that the key gets unlocked programmatically. But this works only until the next reboot. After a fresh start, I have to add the key again...
How can a company use money from stock investors when they are constantly being bought and sold? I am interested in the mechanisms which a company can use the money that investors give them when they buy a public stock since they are being bought and sold constantly. How can a company spend other people's assets when the shareholders still own their stocks and they still retain a liquid value? To me it seems like stocks are a case of "having your cake and eating it too". UFW Allows 22 for IPv4 and IPv6 but SSH Disconnects When Enabling sudo ufw disable followed by sudo ufw enable kicks me out of SSH  DMESG reports  [UFW BLOCK] IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=30:........ SRC=192.168.1.me DST=192.168.1.server LEN=52 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=128 ID=15776 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=55640 DPT=22 WINDOW=253 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0  I can log back in without having to change rules via the console (UFW still enabled).  This started after upgrading Xenial (16.04) from kernel 4.4 to 4.15 (HWE). Upgrading to 18.04.1 did not solve the issue.  Versions:   iptables v1.6.1 ufw 0.35 4.15.0-29-generic #31-Ubuntu Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS   UFW status verbose is (some rules were omitted, but they are all ALLOW)  Logging: on (low) Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed) New profiles: skip  To                         Action      From --                         ------      ---- 22                         ALLOW IN    Anywhere 22 (v6)                    ALLOW IN    Anywhere (v6)   Why is this happening, or at least, how to revert to the expected behavior?  I looked at , and I am not sure it applies, but here's /etc/ufw/before.rules  # # rules.before # # Rules that should be run before the ufw command line added rules. Custom # rules should be added to one of these chains: #   ufw-before-input #   ufw-before-output #   ufw-before-forward #  # Don't delete these required lines, otherwise there will be errors *filter :ufw-before-input - [0:0] :ufw-before-output - [0:0] :ufw-before-forward - [0:0] :ufw-not-local - [0:0] # End required lines   # allow all on loopback -A ufw-before-input -i lo -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-output -o lo -j ACCEPT  # quickly process packets for which we already have a connection -A ufw-before-input -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-output -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-forward -m conntrack --ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT  # drop INVALID packets (logs these in loglevel medium and higher) -A ufw-before-input -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j ufw-logging-deny -A ufw-before-input -m conntrack --ctstate INVALID -j DROP  # ok icmp codes for INPUT -A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type source-quench -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-input -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT  # ok icmp code for FORWARD -A ufw-before-forward -p icmp --icmp-type destination-unreachable -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-forward -p icmp --icmp-type source-quench -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-forward -p icmp --icmp-type time-exceeded -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-forward -p icmp --icmp-type parameter-problem -j ACCEPT -A ufw-before-forward -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT  # allow dhcp client to work -A ufw-before-input -p udp --sport 67 --dport 68 -j ACCEPT  # # ufw-not-local # -A ufw-before-input -j ufw-not-local  # if LOCAL, RETURN -A ufw-not-local -m addrtype --dst-type LOCAL -j RETURN  # if MULTICAST, RETURN -A ufw-not-local -m addrtype --dst-type MULTICAST -j RETURN  # if BROADCAST, RETURN -A ufw-not-local -m addrtype --dst-type BROADCAST -j RETURN  # all other non-local packets are dropped -A ufw-not-local -m limit --limit 3/min --limit-burst 10 -j ufw-logging-deny -A ufw-not-local -j DROP  # allow MULTICAST mDNS for service discovery (be sure the MULTICAST line above # is uncommented) -A ufw-before-input -p udp -d 224.0.0.251 --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT  # allow MULTICAST UPnP for service discovery (be sure the MULTICAST line above # is uncommented) -A ufw-before-input -p udp -d 239.255.255.250 --dport 1900 -j ACCEPT  # don't delete the 'COMMIT' line or these rules won't be processed COMMIT   PS: I didn't expect this to "fix" the issue but just for reference I changed the port SSHD listens on (and the corresponding rule) and the problem persists. Was Harry Potter a direct descendant of Godric Gryffindor? For me at least,  has answers that are not sorted by score:    Is this normal?  I've tried refreshing the page a few times, but the order doesn't change... When I loaded the review page (in Stack Overflow, though I have no specific reason to think it is related) I got a weird hat in the upper left hand corner.    See the hat in the upper left hand corner?  That's belonging to user # .  His profile page also has the hat in a ... weird ... location, but not this weird.    I'm guessing this is due to the not-loaded image for the avatar (adblock blocks Facebook avatars for me often)?  It also causes the toolbar notification to show his link unless I'm hovering over something else.  It also changes the location of the gray box to the upper left hand corner when I hover over the hat (and hovering over the white box does nothing).  It's definitely him (or any not-loaded avatar perhaps), once he fell off the last 6 reviewers it stopped appearing. How do I fill arrays in Java? I know how to do it normally, but I could swear that you could fill out out like a[0] = {0,0,0,0}; How do you do it that way? I did try Google, but I didn't get anything helpful. So, somehow over the weekend, my 1GB USB flash drive has managed to become write-protected.  There is no switch on the stick, so I'm concluding that something has corrupted at some point.  Obviously I can't format it or remove.  The output from dmesg | tail is:  Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 328168 lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1 sd 73:0:0:0: [sdb] Unhandled sense code sd 73:0:0:0: [sdb] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE sd 73:0:0:0: [sdb] Sense Key : Data Protect [current] Info fld=0x0 sd 73:0:0:0: [sdb] Add. Sense: Write protected sd 73:0:0:0: [sdb] CDB: Write(10): 2a 00 00 05 08 00 00 00 01 00 Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 328200 lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1   I think the second and final lines are a giveaway to corruption, but I don't know how to interpret this output.  Could someone help to see if this output gives any indication?  I usually eject the drive before removing it, but I may have been lax once or twice.  The data isn't critical, it's just bugging me.  Any suggestions on how to fix it (if the drive even can be) would be greatly appreciated. Why would you not want to rollover a previous employer's 401(k) when changing jobs? Are there any valid reasons to not rollover a former 401(k) when changing jobs?  I have several little ones that I never quite got around to rolling together - with an upcoming job change, should they all be combined into my new employer's retirement plan?  If not, what else might be considered? Parallel website running a copy of my original website We have been working on a gaming website. Recently while making note of the major traffic sources, I noticed a website that I found to be a carbon-copy of our website. It uses our logo, and everything else the same as ours, but with a different domain name.   Their domain name is not however pointing to our site because at several places the links are like: carbonccopy-website/our-links. This website even has links to some images as: carbonccopy-website/our-images.   How could they have done that, and what can I do to stop it? How can we communicate short messages long-distance? In our 5e game, we stole a boat. And a horse carriage. And a lot of other stuff for moving things between cities.   Our DM meant for this to be a way to skip road encounters. We decided to fund a shipping company and hire managers (Knights retainers, etc.) to turn a profit. The DM ruled that these would cover lifestyle expenses, provide us with easy smuggling, etc.   However, we want to keep tabs on the treasure we're moving back and forth.   What can we use for communicating with our managers from anywhere in the world? What about from say, across the city?  We don't need to communicate often or for long - a single round will work. All we need is for the manager to say "we need you back" ^@ spam in tty (but seems to be system-wide) I recently noticed some weird behavior on my GNU/Linux machine. I've been trying to narrow it down but I am unsure where to go next. My setup uses the following:   i3 gdm arch systemd grub2 pulseaudio 4.13.3-1-ARCH   Here is how it manifests iself:   when trying to resize panes in i3 (alt+right click and hold) the action will be randomly canceled (happens on key presses) alt+dragging windows meets a similar fate booting to tty periodically adds ^@s to the login prompt, I'd estimate them to be ~0.5s intervals in tty I can see those being passed to vim when I open the command bar (:) using a pager like less in tty mode and searching with / will result in  (?) being spammed htop's search (/) is instantly canceled by the periodic keypress  holding a key and trying to have it be repeated (such as holding space) will stop the other occurrences from happening (e.g. only one or two happen) any tooltip (such as chrome tooltips) get instantly closed because of key presses   Here is what I have tried:   tried switching DE temporarily (gnome, cinnamon, xfce) tried killing programs one by one until I was left with a tty session and essentially systemd services + pulseaudio tried booting on an arch livecd - problem does not manifest  overriding grub2 with init=/bin/bash drops me into a shell where the problem does not manifest I have tried pressing all keys to verify it wasn't a hardware problem, however previous steps point to it not being hardware I have made a diff of dmesg, from the init=/bin/bash and the regular boot - the main difference seems to be systemd being started in the regular boot Made a diff of lsmod from init=/bin/bash and regular boot, tried to rmmod modules that seemed related   My system is up to date, I'm not quite sure what other steps I can do to track this down. Any other debugging tips? Find $\lim \limits_{n \to \infty}{1*4*7*\dots(3n+1) \over 2*5*8* \dots (3n+2)}$ I am trying to find  $$\lim \limits_{n \to \infty}{1*4*7*\dots(3n+1) \over 2*5*8* \dots (3n+2)}$$  My first guess is to look at the reciprocal and isolate factors:  $${2 \over 1}{5 \over 4}{8 \over 7} \dots {3n+2 \over 3n+1}= {\left(1+1\right)}\left(1+{1 \over 4}\right)\left(1+{1 \over 7}\right) \dots \left(1+{1 \over 3n+1}\right)$$ Now we take the natural log: $$\ln{ + \ln\left(1+1\right)} + \ln\left(1+{1 \over 4}\right) +\ln\left(1+{1 \over 7}\right) \dots +\ln\left(1+{1 \over 3n+1}\right)$$ Using $\ln(1+x) \le x$, we get: $$\ln{ + \ln\left(1+1\right)} + \ln\left(1+{1 \over 4}\right) +\ln\left(1+{1 \over 7}\right) \dots +\ln\left(1+{1 \over 3n+1}\right) \le 1 + {1 \over 4} + {1 \over 7} + \dots + {1 \over 3n+1}$$ Now, I'm stuck. I suppose I might use the fact that the RHS is similar to the harmonic series and show that it converges to some log, but I'm not sure how to do that. Do you have any clues? Inheriting constructors Why does this code:  class A {     public:          explicit A(int x) {} };  class B: public A { };  int main(void) {     B *b = new B(5);     delete b; }   Result in these errors:   main.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: main.cpp:13: error: no matching function for call to ‘B::B(int)’ main.cpp:8: note: candidates are: B::B() main.cpp:8: note:                 B::B(const B&)   Shouldn't B inherit A's constructor?  (this is using gcc) How do you tell what brand/make/model of bike I have? I have a bike I'm trying to sell because it's just been sitting in my basement. It looks as if someone primered it and the only thing I found was a serial number. Is there like a website I can look up more info on the bike using just that number? Partial Sums of Geometric Series This may be a simple question, but I was slightly confused.  I was looking at the second line $S_n(x)=1-x^{n+1}/(1-x)$.  I was confused how they derived this.  I know the infinite sum of a geometric series is $1/(1-x)$.  I just can't figure out how the partial sums, $S_n(x)$, have $1-x^{n+1}$ on the numerator.  How was this derived?  Thank you.     Example 5.20.   The geometric series   $$     \sum_{n=0}^\infty x^n   = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + \dotsb $$   has partial sums   $$     S_n(x)   = \sum_{k=0}^n x^k   = \frac{1 - x^{n+1}}{1 - x} \cdotp $$   Thus, $S_n(x) \to 1/(1-x)$ as $n \to \infty$ if $|x| &lt; 1$ and diverges if $|x| \geq 1$, meaning that   $$     \sum_{n=0}^\infty x^n   = \frac{1}{1-x}   \qquad   \text{pointwise on $(-1,1)$}. $$   (Original image .) What does "user was removed" mean and why did my reputation change because of it? Message appearing when a user was removed.     It seems I lost 1765 reputation points on Stack Overflow yesterday. The reason given in my history is "removed", with the description of "User was removed ()". I don't understand what that means. What caused this? Prove $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}|a_{n}b_{n}|$ converges if $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}a_{n}^{2}$ and $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}b_{n}^{2}$ converge This is a homework problem for an undergrad topology course.  Let $l^{2}$ be the set of all real-valued sequences $(c_{n})$ where $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}c_{n}^{2}$ converges. Let $(a_{n}),(b_{n})\in l^{2}$.  Claim: $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}|a_{n}b_{n}|$ converges.  I've done a couple of examples where $a_{n}$ and $b_{n}$ are general harmonic series. I've also written out the definition of convergence for $a_{n}$ and $b_{n} $. My problem is that thus far I do not understand on any level why my claim is true. Forgotten the pattern and phone not showing the "forgot pattern" button. I upgraded my Moto G2 to Android Lollipop using over-the-air upgrade. It was awesome but I set a pattern lock which I forgot. Usually after 5 wrong attempts it shows the "forgot password" button but it is not showing that button even after 100 wrong attempts. How to unlock the phone? A Question On Euler's Proof Of the Basel Problem I've studied the proof that Euler gave for the famous , and it would seem that while it is technically correct, he does not justify all of his steps properly. Namely, he assumes that   $$\frac{\sin(x)}{x}=\left(1-\frac{x}{\pi}\right)\left(1+\frac{x}{\pi}\right)\left(1-\frac{x}{2\pi}\right)\left(1+\frac{x}{2\pi}\right)\dots$$  simply because they have the same roots, which is really not a strong enough condition. How do you really show that the equality holds?  He then notices that if you use the above equality, and consider it against the Taylor expansion for $\frac{\sin(x)}{x}$, then you can equate the coefficients of the two infinite expansions at each order, and the result of the Basel problem follows. But how do you know that if you have two different expansions for a function, then their coefficients at each order must be equal?  I would really appreciate if someone could show me how to make these two intuitive, yet informal, steps rigorous. Can I get the "Diamonds to you!" achievement in singleplayer? How can one get the "Diamonds to you!" achievement in singleplayer? The achievement list cannot be completed without it. Perhaps it can be possible by passing a diamond to a zombie?