I have installed Ubuntu 18.04 LTS for testing on a crash dummy in anticipation of upgrading my 16.04 LTS machines.  So far everything is working quite well and I do like some of the changes and improvements.  One thing I noticed though is that Ubuntu seems to be "calling home" to Google web sites on a frequent, periodic basis.  Wondering what that's all about.  This issue was  regarding a similar situation in Ubuntu 17.10 but the answer and reasons for this snooping were extremely vague.  I block all outside traffic to/from my local subnet (192.168.0.0/24) and force all Internet traffic to go through my VPN.  All of this works well.    Every five minutes I see five packets as follows:  [  +4.160090] [UFW BLOCK] IN= OUT=wlx00026f5a322b SRC=192.168.0.11 DST=104.198.143.177 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=10309 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=44246 DPT=80 WINDOW=29200 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0  [  +8.192209] [UFW BLOCK] IN= OUT=wlx00026f5a322b SRC=192.168.0.11 DST=104.198.143.177 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=10310 DF PROTO=TCP SPT=44246 DPT=80 WINDOW=29200 RES=0x00 SYN URGP=0    The destination IP isn't always the same but a whois verifies that they are all owned by Google.  Updates, NTP and so on seem to be working correctly and are (I assume) properly going through my VPN.  In testing this I have all apps shut down so it seems like it's something in Ubuntu itself that is causing these attempted connections.  There is nothing Google-related turned on that I can see.  Chrome isn't even installed.  jones@Office-Ubuntu:~$ ps -ef | grep chrome jones 19610  1930  0 10:24 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto chrome jones@Office-Ubuntu:~$    If I didn't have the firewall enabled I'd never even know this was going on.  If I go to the web site IP it does render a (blank) page which makes me think that the purpose for these connection attempts is data collection.  Since this is Google, I am naturally suspicious/paranoid that something creepy is going on.  A related  indicates that this might be some sort of a "keep-alive" function.  If so, it is obviously not needed since I am blocking the connections in UFW and everything continues to work perfectly.  I see no way to turn this off as described in the related question. And as an aside, if this is indeed some sort of a "keep-alive" "feature" there are probably better ways to implement that capability without exposing the Ubuntu community to Google's data collection warehouse.  And when/why did Ubuntu start thinking it would be a good idea to collaborate with Google to collect user information surreptitiously?  My question differs from the  inasmuch as the answer there implied (apparently incorrectly) that these connections are necessary and benefit Ubuntu users (but doesn't really explain why).  The primary question I am asking is this: How do I "opt-out" of this unwanted intrusion into my privacy since connecting to a Google web site every five minutes is clearly not needed to keep anything useful in Ubuntu functioning?
I am using Ubuntu 17.10 on my desktop PC, I've been monitoring network traffic with Etherape. I noticed HTTP requests from my PC(casa hostname) to googleusercontent.com (104.198.143.177). So I used lsof and ss to 'identify' process behind these requests.    Using lsof -i:   NetworkMa  778            root   20u  IPv4 546772      0t0  TCP casa:53671-&gt;177.143.198.104.bc.googleusercontent.com:http (SYN_SENT) NetworkMa  778            root   20u  IPv4 546772      0t0  TCP casa:53671-&gt;177.143.198.104.bc.googleusercontent.com:http (ESTABLISHED)   Using ss -rep dst 104.198.143.177:    tcp    SYN-SENT   0      1      casa%enp4s0:53671    177.143.198.104.bc.googleusercontent.com:http  users:(("NetworkManager",pid=778,fd=20)) timer:(on,964ms,0) ino:546772 sk:6df &lt;-&gt; tcp    ESTAB      0      87     casa%enp4s0:53671    177.143.198.104.bc.googleusercontent.com:http  users:(("NetworkManager",pid=778,fd=20)) timer:(on,300ms,0) ino:546772 sk:6df &lt;-&gt;   It seems NetworkManager (pid 778) is sending requests to googleusercontent, and it happens every 5 minutes exactly.   I have to say, no applications were launched at the moment, no background process, no network activities,no online account and it was a 'Ubuntu fresh install'. So why NM would sent requests to googleusercontent?
I just started in Griffith's Introduction to electrodynamics and I stumbled upon the divergence of $\frac{ \hat r}{r^2} \equiv \frac{{\bf r}}{r^3}$, now from the book, Griffiths says:  Now what is the paradox, exactly? Ignoring any physical intuition behind this (point charge at the origin) how are we supposed to believe that the source of $\vec v$ is concentrated at the origin mathematically? Or are we forced to believe that because there was a contradiction with the divergence theorem? Also how would the situation differ if $\vec v$ was the same vector function but not for a point charge? Or is it impossible? My iPhone 5 won't boot anymore and when I plug it in my MacBook, it goes to recovery mode (cable logo => iTunes logo).  So I tried to restore it using iTunes but I keep getting this error    Any idea how to fix it?  While it was plugged in I tried holding power + home, it reboots the device and goes back to recovery mode and then any restore attempt results in a 2001 error as well. When it's not plugged in nothing will make it boot. Express $1 + \frac {1}{2} \binom{n}{1} + \frac {1}{3} \binom{n}{2} + \dotsb + \frac{1}{n + 1}\binom{n}{n}$ in a simplifed form I need to express $$1 + \frac {1}{2} \binom{n}{1} + \frac {1}{3} \binom{n}{2} + \dotsb  + \frac{1}{n + 1}\binom{n}{n}$$ in a simplified form.  So I used the identity $$(1+x)^n=1 + \binom{n}{1}x + \binom{n}{2}x^2 + \dotsb   + \binom{n}{n}x^n$$ Now on integrating both sides and putting $x=1$.  I am getting $$\frac{2^{n+1}}{n+1}$$ is equal to the given expression.But the answer in my book is  $$\frac{2^{n+1}-1}{n+1}.$$ Where does that -1 term in the numerator come from? I am having a problem with Windows 7. When I boot up, the CPU jumps to 100% execution for about 10-15 minutes. During this time, it is really slow, and if I play any music, the songs play slowly and sound distorted.  I tried to scan my computer with different antivirus programs, I used Spybot, HijackThis, and CCleaner, but I didn’t find anything of note.  I watched the process list in Task Manager and saw that there are two processes that are to blame. There are two copies of svchost.exe, one using ~48% CPU, the second (under the Network Service account) using ~37%. For the first 15 minutes, the CPU runs at about 70-80%, then eventually drops to 30-40%.  I don’t know what to do. I could not find a way to stop the services, and if I try to kill them, sometimes the system crashes. Why do Lambertian Reflectors Privilege the Observer? Fibonacci Sequence and series limits 1) Let $F_1 = 1$, $F_2 = 1$, and $F_n = F_{n-1} + F_{n-2}$ for $n \geq 3$.   How do you prove that  $$\sum_{n=2}^\infty \frac1{F_{n-1} F_{n+1}} = 1$$   $$\sum_{n=2}^\infty \frac{F_n}{F_{n-1} F_{n+1}} = 1$$   Do you even use the formula $n(n+1)/2$?   I tried using $F_{n-1} = F_n - F_{n-2}$ and $F_{n+1} = F_n + F_{n-1}$ and then trying to figure out how to substitute those, but I've been going around in circles. How would you solve this? What tips can you give me to solve this? Is there any website that teaches this? I tried searching google and youtube but none were helpful.   2) Let $s_x = \tan(2/x)$. Where does this become nonincreasing? While using monotonic limits to establish there is a limit.   I was guessing you need to use upperbound and lowerbound but doesn't it go to infinity? Deleting missing data with CountryData Solve differential equation:  $x'=x^2- \frac{2}{t^2}$  Maybe is it sth connected with homogeneous equation? I have no idea how to solve it. Is it possible to install Ubuntu without formatting any partitions? I have not had to mess with mailto links much.  However I now need to add a link in the body of a mailto if it is possible.    Is there a way to add a link or to change the email opened to an html email vs a text email?  Something like:  &lt;a href="mailto:test@test.test?body=The message's first paragraph.%0A%0aSecond paragraph.%0A%0AThird Paragraph.%0A%0ALink goes here"&gt;Link text goes here&lt;/a&gt; I am on Ubuntu and I did this command:  $ uname -a Linux slabrams-desktop 2.6.32-29-generic #58-Ubuntu SMP Fri Feb 11 19:00:09 UTC 2011 i686 GNU/Linux   Does it mean I am on 32bit or 64 bit processor?  The reason I am trying to figure this out is that I was getting errors which looked like this:  cannot execute binary file   and from Googling, I thought it was a processor issue.  Any ideas? What did Enel do after being defeated? As shown in the Manga and the Anime, Enel survived along with the Ark.  He then Embarks to Fairy Verth      The Moon.   In the Manga it shows his adventures on the Moon.  But what happened?  I didn't understand the situation that happened.  What exactly happened on the Moon? What color are Nissa, Worldwaker's lands? "To be subject to" vs. "to be subjected to" How can light be called electromagnetic if it doesn't appear to be electric nor magnetic?  If I go out to the sunlight, magnets aren't affected (or don't seem to be).  And there is no transfer of electric charge/electrons (as there is in AC/DC current in space).   In particular, the  (which light is supposed to be composed of) have no electric charge (nor do they have ).   I'm looking for an explanation that can be appreciated by the average non-physicist Joe. When do I pronounce a non-existent “r” between adjacent vowel sounds? If I say two words consecutively, with the first ending in a vowel sound and the second starting with one, when is it correct to include a non-existent r between those two words?  Examples from phrases I've heard:        I saw (r)a movie   They saw (r)us   Law (r)and order   That's the idea, (r)anyway.      I heard the last one in the movie Edge of Tomorrow yesterday.  Is this grammatically correct? If so, is the omission of the r grammatically incorrect? Are there any rules regarding this? How do I install Ubuntu from an USB drive / create a live USB-stick in Windows? I have already had the same problem before. On that occasion, I found a program that could scan my entire hard drive for string pieces so I could recover it. Unfortunately I don't remember the name of the program. It had to access the hard drive data directly, normal searches won't get any data from the hard drive before formatting. Today I upgraded from Ubuntu 12.04 to Ubuntu 13.10. I am not able to watch any videos in Amazon Prime Instant Video. I am getting this message:   An error occurred and your player could not be updated.   This is likely because your Flash Player or Browser needs to be updated. This update is required to play back this video. The question is based on the following exercise in real analysis:     Assume that $A,B\subset{\Bbb R}$ are both bounded and $x&gt;0$ for all $x\in A\cup B$. Show that $$ \sup(AB)=\sup A\sup B $$   where    $$ AB:=\{ab\in{\Bbb R}:a\in A, b\in B\}. $$   Since $0&lt;a\leq\sup A$ and $0&lt;b\leq\sup B$ for all $a\in A$ and $b\in B$, we have $$ ab\leq\sup A\sup B $$ for all $ab\in AB$ which implies that $\sup AB\leq\sup A\sup B$. I have trouble with another direction: $$ \sup AB\geq\sup A\sup B $$ I was trying to show that for every $\epsilon &gt;0$, $\sup AB-\epsilon \geq \sup A\sup B$. If one uses the definition of supremum, one has the estimates that for every $\epsilon&gt;0$, $$ \sup A-\epsilon\leq a, \quad \sup B-\epsilon\leq b $$ for some $a\in A,\ b\in B$. It follows that $$ \sup A\sup B\leq (a+\epsilon)(b+\epsilon)=ab+\epsilon(a+b)+\epsilon^2\leq \sup AB+\epsilon (a+b)+\epsilon^2 $$ which seems quite close to what I want. How can I go on?