I know how to create a shortcut on Keyboard>Shortcuts. But if I want to create a new window and activate this one, I would like to know.  It shoudl be: nautilus;wmctrl -a nautilus;  but keyboard>shortcut doesn't accept that.
What is the shortcut for opening a new window (opening folders). for that I have to go to folder options and right click and then need to click on open new window.  or I have to make focus on the folder icon or open a folder then press  Ctrl+N  for opening a new window is there any direct command spcific to open a new window in ubuntu.
To tell about a guess about a case in the past, why use "would+have+past participle" instead of "must+have+past participle? I have seen this sentence in an article on bbc, which is about how people lived thousands of years ago. &quot;When this Neolithic home was built, it would have had a cosy roof of turf..&quot; When I read it, I got confused. Because the fact seems as a simple past situation or guessing/assumption about something in the past. it simply gives information about a past event, eg &quot;when I was a child, I had a blue toy car. I have been making a lot of research on whether or not this structure &quot;would+have+past participle&quot; could be used instead of the simple past or &quot;must+have+past participle&quot;, but I could not find any satisfying explanation. Almost all grammer contents cover this structure is used when we imagine the opposite of what actually happened in the past eg. &quot;referring to a missed opportunity&quot; (eg. &quot;if you had come to the party, you would have seen Tom.&quot;), But, in this case of this sentence, &quot;type 3 conditional&quot; is irrelevant. It is not an if sentence,  It simply gives information about how this house was like or was probably like when it was built long ago. Just like it would be If and old lady would want to tell about &quot;how she was like when she was a child years ago. she would simply say &quot;when I was a child, I had long curly hair.**. So &quot;when I was a child, I would have had long curly hair.&quot; would be wrong. So, my question is: 1-Does this structure &quot;would+have+past participle&quot; completely replace simple past sentences? or can be it be used instead of simple past? 2- If this structure was simply used because the author was not %100 sure about the fact as it was a long long time ago -so he wanted to make a guess or assumption, why did he not simply use &quot;must+have+past participle&quot; or &quot;it was likely that blah blah&quot; which must be used for guessing or assumptions about past happenings. Would it not have made more sense if it was like: &quot;When this Neolithic home was built, it must have had a cosy roof of turf. Why do gases have weight? I know that a gas is made of atoms or molecules moving freely in space.  When these particles hit the walls of where they're kept in they cause something called pressure.  But these particles never pile up on each other and push a surface down by their weight so that we can measure it as weight, not pressure.  So why do gases have weight? Why isn't there a centre of charge? When determining the gravitational attraction between 2 solid bodies, we can simplify computations by taking their masses to be concentrated at their respective centres of mass. However, had they been electrically charged bodies and we needed to compute electrostatic attraction, there is no "centre of charge" notion available to us. ( We would evaluate a 2-dimensional integral, or equivalently, apply Gauss's law. )  Is there any simple reason for the absence of such a centre of charge? Frequently, I've got the answer: "charge just doesn't work that way". Building a graph from OSM? I spent days looking in all questions here and trying tutorials. I need to build a graph for a region (It will be my input in simulation) I downloaded Postgresql and Postgis and osm2pgsql. Now i can load .osm files into a database. I want to have a complete database with roads ids so i can generate a table of edges and nodes then build my graph  nodes = intersections and edges = roads for a city using python.  Please any detailed help with steps.I saw a lot of keywords (Postgresql/postgis, Networkx, QGIS ..) but i couldn't manage to assemble a good tutorial  I am a very beginner. I am wondering if the explanations correct and whether what is the difference between different &quot;seems&quot;.   He seems happy. He seems a happy fellow. He seems to be a happy fellow. He seems to work hard. He seemed to be happy   &quot;Seem&quot; also enters into an 'impersonal' construction which employs 1) the 'dummy' subject it + an active tensed form with &quot;seem&quot;, followed by 2) a that clause (sometimes called a 'content' clause) which expresses the assertion which is hedged or qualified.   It seems that he is happy (but he may not be).  It seemed that he was a happy fellow (but he wasn't).  It will seem that he is working hard (but he will in fact be spending his time answering questions on ELL instead of working).  He is seemed to be something. Understanding how references and labels work I'm trying to understand why I cannot effectively reference figures or equations that I have defined with labels.  For example:  \begin{figure}   \label{fig:area_Treasuries}   \caption{Treasuries as a portion of total financial flows.}   \centering   \includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{graphs/Area_Treasuries.png} \end{figure}  \paragraph{} Figure~\ref{fig:area_Treasuries} presents Treasuries (both flowing into and out of the United States) as a share of total financial flows.  From 1985 to 2010, Treasuries account for, on average, 53.2\% of total financial flows.   With the above code, I get this warning:      LaTeX Warning: Reference `fig:area_Treasuries' on page 37 undefined on   input line 477.   The result is "Figure ?? presents Treasuries..."  Why is this happening?  Related, I don't understand why I can't reference, say, an equation before (I mean physically above in the text) the actual equation.  Isn't this what compiling multiple times and cross references is supposed to take care of? Need verification - Prove a Hermitian matrix $(\textbf{A}^\ast = \textbf{A})$ has only real eigenvalues Proof: Let eigenvalue $\lambda \neq 0$ such as  $$\textbf{A}\vec{v}  = \lambda\vec{v}$$ $$\Rightarrow (\textbf{A}\vec{v})^\ast = (\lambda\vec{v})^\ast$$ $$\Rightarrow (\vec{v}^\ast\textbf{A}^\ast)=(\lambda^\ast\vec{v}^\ast)$$ Right-multiply both sides by $\color{orangered}{\vec{v}}$$$\Rightarrow (\vec{v}^\ast\textbf{A}^\ast \color{orangered}{\vec{v}} )=(\lambda^\ast\vec{v}^\ast \color{orangered}{\vec{v}} )$$ $$\textbf{A}^\ast=\textbf{A}$$ $$\Rightarrow(\vec{v}^\ast\textbf{A}\vec{v})=(\lambda^\ast\vec{v}^\ast\vec{v})$$ $$\Rightarrow(\vec{v}^\ast\lambda\vec{v}) = (\lambda^\ast\vec{v}^\ast\vec{v})$$ $$\Rightarrow(\lambda\vec{v}^\ast\vec{v}) =  (\lambda^\ast\vec{v}^\ast\vec{v})$$ $$\Rightarrow \lambda = \lambda^\ast$$ $$\Rightarrow \lambda\in\mathbb{R}$$ There are four options. Which of them is correct?- (a)${p\over k}$ (b)${k\over p}$ (c)$\log({p\over k})$ (d)${\log p\over k}$ I somehow want to use the rule for evaluating this kind of sum using integration, i.e. $\int_{0}^{1} f(x) \ dx=\lim_{n\to\infty} {1\over n}\sum_{r=1}^{n}f({r\over n})$  But the given expression $\lim_{n\to\infty} [{1\over kn}+{1\over k(n+1)}+{1\over k(n+2)}+\cdots+{1\over k(n+p-k)}]={1\over k}\lim_{n\to\infty}{1\over n}\sum_{r=0}^{p-k}\frac{1}{1+{r\over n}}$, sum running from $0$ to $p-k$ instead of $n$. So, how to evaluate this limit? Thanks for assistance in advance. Solving functional differential equation $f'(x)=2f(2x)-f(x)$ Why this polynomial is irreducible? Let $K=\mathbb{Z}_p(t)$. How to prove $f(x)=x^p-t$ is irreducible in $K[x]$? I try to launch Firefox over SSH, using  ssh -X user@hostname   and then  firefox -no-remote   but it's very very slow.  How can I fix this? Is it a connection problem? i have a usb wifi adapter Tp-Link model: wn725n  it works very well on windows but i can't find any drivers for linux/ubuntu i tried everything online but nothing work so far  i'm using   Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS  3.19.0-28-generic  laptop: hp probook 4540s  can you please help me install this adapter? How do I limit an iOS app only to 4 inch screen devices? The case of the bleeding monospace font! Enumerate after \label How can I set the value of auto property backing fields in a struct constructor? Given a struct like this:  public struct SomeStruct {     public SomeStruct(String stringProperty, Int32 intProperty)     {         this.StringProperty = stringProperty;         this.IntProperty = intProperty;     }      public String StringProperty { get; set; }     public Int32 IntProperty { get; set; } }   Of course, a compiler error is generated that reads The 'this' object cannot be used before all of its fields are assigned to.  Is there a way to assign values to the backing fields or the properties themselves, or do I have to implement properties the old-fashioned way with my own explicit backing fields? Did the Council of Elrond know that destroying the Ring would destroy Sauron? Did they decide to destroy it simply because they were Wise and knew it was dangerous to wield? Did they create the Fellowship simply because they were heroic; and decided to face Sauron after the Ring was destroyed?  Or did they know that destroying the ring would defeat Sauron, and they wouldn't actually have to do anything once that is taken care of? Facebook authorization fails on iOS6 when switching FB account on device Why are my sprinkles beneath the frosting I am a beginner to Blender and watching .  At 8:46 is when my problem occurs, because my sprinkles are appearing beneath the icing. Backquote in lsblk output What does ` mean in this output from lsblk?