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How to change the name of document elements like "Figure", "Contents", "Bibliography", "Appendix", etc.?
Function representing a forest fire after one time step If a mass moves close to the speed of light, does it turn into a black hole? I'm a big fan of the podcast Astronomy Cast and a while back I was listening to a Q&amp;A episode they did. A listener sent in a question that I found fascinating and have been wondering about ever since.   From the show :      Arunus Gidgowdusk from Lithuania asks: "If you took a one kilogram mass and accelerated it close to the speed of light would it form into a black hole? Would it stay a black hole if you then decreased the speed?"   Dr. Gay, an astrophysicist and one of the hosts, explained that she'd asked a number of her colleagues and that none of them could provide a satisfactory answer. I asked her more recently on Facebook if anyone had come forward with one and she said they had not.  So I thought maybe this would be a good place to ask. In the  library, they are overloading the () operator.  Is this a convention in C++? For callbacks, etc.?  I have seen this in code of a co-worker (who happens to be a big Boost fan). Of all the Boost goodness out there, this has only led to confusion for me.  Any insight as to the reason for this overload? How to remove all white spaces just between brackets [] using Unix tools? Best approach to Windows Forms rolling log output in TextBox Why is an untranslated string not showing up? In my module I have some custom strings. I use these in the t() function. When I go to admin/config/regional/translate/translate and filter the untranslated strings my custom strings do not show here.  What could be going wrong? How can I create a text input box with Pygame? File: \boot\bcd Status: 0xc00000e9 windows 8 I am having this error for quite a few months. When the problem occurs, my windows freezes at boot time with black screen. After few reset attempts, sometimes it shows the entitled error. after few attempts, the windows starts but everything become slow. If I again restart, it works well. But at a point windows never starts and I have to reinstall it. I have already reinstalled 3/4 times in the past 2/3 months. I checked for any HDD errors with EASEUS Partition Master Home Edition with surface test, chkdisk at boot time etc for my C drive and F drive but no errors found. Startup repair also fails to solve the problem.  Windows Boot Manager   Windows failed to start. A recent hardware or software change might be the cause.   To fix the problem:  &nbsp;&nbsp;1. Insert your Windows installation disc and restart your computer.  &nbsp;&nbsp;2. Choose your language settings, and then click "Next." &nbsp;&nbsp;3. Click "repair your computer."  If you don't have this disc, contact your system administrator or computer manufacturer for assistance.   &nbsp;&nbsp;File: \Boot\BCD  &nbsp;&nbsp;Status: 0xc00000e9  My laptop's info:  Model: Dell n5110 corei5 OS: Windows 8 PRO 64 bit Anti-virus:  Avast Home edition  Additional info: My Program Files, Program Files (x86) and Users directory is located at F drive and linked with symbolic link (mklink). Also I have changed these basic locations from regedit. I also use eclipse android intelx86 emulator, virtualbox and Genymotion emulator most often. How to set the Identify Feature tool in QGIS 2.4? The Identify Results window does not appear when using the identify feature tool  in QGIS 2.4. I guess there's a check box somewhere I need to check/uncheck, but the settings of the tool changed compared to the previous version (see attached printscreen). Can an irrational number raised to an irrational power be rational? Which is correct?     How much is the two fares?      How much are the two fares? How to format hard drive I was doing a package removal with apt-get remove but then realized I should have done a --purge along with it to remove the configuration files.  Can I remove the packages configuration files easily or do I need to reinstall the package and then remove with a --purge? How does matter know to obey physical laws? First of all, you may say that, this is a "why" question and in physics we don't ask such a question and instead we ask about "how". However, I want to discuss this with you.  We model the behavior of matter by physical laws, for example by quantum mechanics laws. I want to know how the matter, say electron, knows that it must obey such a law. What forces the electron to obey quantum mechanics laws?  If you consider a simulation of the universe in a computer, in the view of someone  simulated in that computer the physical laws are just there. They may not know what keeps  in check the simulated matter to obey physical laws, but in our perspective those simulated physical laws are there because we implemented them as zero and ones in a hard disk. If we wanted, we could change those physical laws and in the eye of the simulated person everything would be still fine.  Is there a scientific attempt to discuss this issue? so that I can read about it. I was doing a duplicate content search on the web for our site content and found that someone has downloaded/mirrored our entire website and is hosting it on a subdomain of their own main domain. When I check the WHOIS database, no details of the user are available.  Why do people do this when it is clearly a copyright infringement - is it an SEO thing?  What is the best way of dealing with these individuals? Otherwise, is there any alternative command line utility that can achieve this? Parametric Form for a General Parabola It is well known that a parametric form of the parabola $y^2=4ax$ is $(at^2, 2at)$.      What are possible parametric forms of the general parabola   $$(Ax+Cy)^2+Dx+Ey+F=0$$   ? Update pgfmath macro in foreach loop I need to update a variable defined in a pgfmathsetmacro command inside a foreach loop. Apparently, the var is only updated when it is used after the update command. Here is a MWE:  \begin{tikzpicture} \draw [help lines] (0,0) grid (3,3); \pgfmathsetmacro{\a}{1} \foreach \b in {2,3} {     \node [blue] at (\a,0) {\a};     \pgfmathsetmacro{\a}{\b}     \node [red] at (0,\a) {\a}; } \end{tikzpicture}   The red nodes are printed at updated positions and the value printed is also updated; the blue nodes are not: they keep their initial value (1) and are located at the initial position (0,1).  Why is this? Thanks José Package system is broken. How to fix it? I just recently bought an arduino and requires gcc-avr/avrdude to compile the software. I installed avr for another microprocessor component a while ago but is obviously an outdated version (gcc version 3.3 20030512 (prerelease)) so I went ahead to update these but it didn't work.   (Please note that before hand I also broke my aptdaemon through an incomplete wine installation (couldn't get passed font installation agreement) but I fixed that via a re-installation then accepting the agreement.)   I am trying to update these by running  but the dependencies it requires cannot be installed due to avr... terminal reports   Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done build-essential is already the newest version. libncurses5-dev is already the newest version. libncurses5-dev set to manually installed. libusb-0.1-4 is already the newest version. libx11-dev is already the newest version. You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: arduino-core : Depends: gcc-avr but it is not going to be installed avr-libc : Depends: gcc-avr (&gt;= 1:4.3.4) but it is not going to be installed Depends: binutils-avr (&gt;= 2.20) but it is not going to be installed binutils-dev : Depends: binutils (= 2.21.0.20110327-2ubuntu3) but 2.21.0.20110327-2ubuntu2 is to be installed libcwidget-dev : Depends: libcwidget3 (= 0.5.16-3ubuntu2) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libsigc++-2.0-dev but it is not going to be installed Depends: libncursesw5-dev but it is not going to be installed libmpfr-dev : Depends: libgmp3-dev (&gt;= 4.2.dfsg-1) but it is not going to be installed python-dev : Depends: python (= 2.7.1-0ubuntu5.1) but 2.7.1-0ubuntu5 is to be installed Depends: python2.7-dev (&gt;= 2.7.1-1~) but it is not going to be installed tk8.4-dev : Depends: tk8.4 (= 8.4.19-4) but it is not going to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).   But running   apt-get -f install   results in   (Reading database ... 163021 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking binutils-avr (from .../binutils-avr_2.20.1-1ubuntu2_i386.deb) ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/binutils-avr_2.20.1-1ubuntu2_i386.deb (--unpack): trying to overwrite '/usr/bin/avr-size', which is also in package avr-binutils 2.13.90.030512-2 dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Unpacking gcc-avr (from .../gcc-avr_1%3a4.3.5-1_i386.deb) ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/gcc-avr_1%3a4.3.5-1_i386.deb (--unpack): trying to overwrite '/usr/bin/avr-g++', which is also in package avr-gcc-c++ 3.2.90.20030512-2 dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/binutils-avr_2.20.1-1ubuntu2_i386.deb /var/cache/apt/archives/gcc-avr_1%3a4.3.5-1_i386.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)   I have tried running update manager and updating my system via it but all I get is an error message  The following packages have unmet dependencies: arduino-core: Depends: gcc-avr but it is not installed avr-libc: Depends: gcc-avr (&gt;= 1:4.3.4) but it is not installed Depends: binutils-avr (&gt;= 2.20) but it is not installed   which then tells me to try running apt-get -f install which just results the same as last time.  So how can I fix my system, I really need the new avr, please :) BTW, my system is Ubuntu 11.04 Note: This is intended to become a canonical post.  I got a dedicated graphics card of type XXX and it claims I need at least a YYY Watt PSU.   How big does my PSU really need to be?