How does the fighter ability overhand chop from the Pathfinder Advanced Player's Guide work? Please give examples.  The reason I asked is that I have a player in my game that is using overhand chop. He has a 18 str, and he says he gets 12 to his damage instead of 8. I think he's exploiting a loop hole in the way it is written.  Is this interpretation correct?
I was showing a GM friend of mine a build I was making that uses the Two-Handed Fighter Archetype and we are both unsure of how it interacts with the damage bonus you get from two-handed weapons (which is 1-1/2 times your STR.) It reads:     Overhand Chop (Ex): At 3rd level, when a two-handed fighter makes a single attack (with the attack action or a charge) with a two-handed weapon, he adds double his Strength bonus on damage rolls. This ability replaces armor training 1.   So, does Overhand Chop turn the 1-1/2 times multiplier from two-handed weapons into a 2 times multiplier, or do the two add up? Or, do they interact in some other way?   This assumes a Medium sized character with 20 STR and a greatsword with 3 levels.
What does "overfull hbox" mean? (Why is there a black mark at the end of a line?) I often see output from TeX with the warning overfull hbox, badness 10000. What does this message mean? This is a lake of approximately 13 ha with 81 sampled depth points in about 10 transect lines:    Previously in ARCgis with a 50 ha lake and about a 100 depth sampling points, I got decent output with the TopotoRaster tool. However, no such exact equivalent seems to exist with QGIS or open source software.  In QGIS, I got the interpolated raster below, using the TIN method in the Raster Interpolation plugin. However, this seemed to be a lucky outcome, when I tried to repeat, I got different results (unsatisfactory) in spite of not really varying any parameter.    These are more urban (constructed) tanks than lakes, therefore, they are fairly regular in their bed profile, hence the low point sampling density. Some articles seemed to suggest Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) as the most suitable technique, yet I seemed to get the worst results with that (possibly owing to low point density).  Are there any heuristics which can be employed here considering the size of the lake, its regular profile and the point sampling density to arrive at which interpolation method is apt? (between Kriging, IDW, Bilinear, Cubic convolution, TIN or spline)  Or is it always a bit of trial and error? Find Items in one column that are not in another column I have two columns in Excel, and I want to find (preferably highlight) the items that are in column B but not in column A.   What's the quickest way to do this? I have a scrbook document with an openright option, i.e. every once in a while a blank left page appears in the document. Not that I really want to do this, but how could I include the infamous "This page has been intentionally left blank" in those blank pages cleanly, i.e. without too many hacks?  Bonus points for including a different famous quote on each blank page instead of the dull default ;) Windows equivalent of the Linux command 'touch'? How can I prevent spam on sites which I control? This is a general, community wiki question to address all non-specific spam prevention questions.  If your question was closed as a duplicate of this question and you feel that the information provided here does not provide a sufficient answer, please open a discussion on .    For purposes of this question, spam will include:   Any automated post Manually-posted content which includes links to spammers' sites Manually-posted content which includes instructions to visit a spammer's site In the 3d viewport I am using a border region to only render things inside the selected region. I did this with CtrlB. I cannot get rid of the region. How can I make the border disappear? How to use "who" vs. "that" I often get confused when trying to use who vs that.  Some examples that often confuse me:  That     The person that went to the store.      The people that went shopping.      The persons that went shopping.      The group that went shopping.   Who     The person who went to the store.      The people who go shopping.   Please explain when to use either for plural subjects and singular subjects.  Animate and inanimate objects as well. Is there a simple way in Perl that will allow me to determine if a given variable is numeric?  Something along the lines of:  if (is_number($x)) { ... }   would be ideal.  A technique that won't throw warnings when the -w switch is being used is certainly preferred. What, exactly, is transferred along supply lines? Supply routes are great when a settlement is just starting out to get things off the ground, but what is specifically transferred along them? I know anything on the  Junk, Aid and Mods tabs are transferred, and Fusion cores and Power Armor pieces aren't. Does that mean weapons, armor and ammo aren't transferred at all?  And what about Food and Water resources? Can I build a farming community with a surplus of food and use that to feed a merchant-only settlement, or are local crops always required? Ditto water. Is there a "best practice" or standard to make a few iptables rules permanent? I mean: automatically applied upon a system reboot?  I am using a VPS with Ubuntu Server 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx).  Thank you.  BIG EDIT: I don't want ANY rule to be persisted (like iptables-persistent package does). I want only my own specific set to be reloaded... if other rules are eventually added by running iptables, these should be discarded... How do you read C declarations? How can I know if a branch has been already merged into master? I have a git repository with multiple branches.   How can I know which branches are already merged into the master branch? First player rolls a 6-sided die 100 times and the second player 101 times. What are the odds of the second player getting more odd numbers than the first one?  I tried solving this via listing the options which led to a nasty sum that I wasn't able to solve neither by hand nor by using wolfram alpha. Clearly there has to be a more clever solution using the properties of a binomial distribution, but so far I haven't come across anything useful. Why does my computer get less battery life with Ubuntu compared to Windows? Last year I purchased a Dell Inspiron 5315 laptop shipping with Windows 7 preinstalled. I installed Ubuntu 10.10 alongside it with dual-booting. On upgrading to Ubuntu 11.10, I was upset to find I now get less than one hour of battery life! Windows 7 gives me 2.5 hours of running time.  Is there any possible explanation why  my battery is running out faster with Ubuntu? Can anybody tell me better power options? Meta's tag pages inaccessible due to self-redirect loop Tag pages (route /questions/tagged/tagname) redirect to themselves indefinitely:  $ curl -D - http://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/featured HTTP/1.1 302 Found Cache-Control: private Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Location: /questions/tagged/featured X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN Date: Fri, 05 Jul 2013 16:47:42 GMT Content-Length: 143  &lt;html&gt;&lt;head&gt;&lt;title&gt;Object moved&lt;/title&gt;&lt;/head&gt;&lt;body&gt; &lt;h2&gt;Object moved to &lt;a href="/questions/tagged/featured"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;/body&gt;&lt;/html&gt;   This only happens on Meta, so far, but only applies to any meta-tag that doesn't have a dash in it; those with a dash seem to be exempt, as do invalid tags:    redirects.  does not.  does not. I just watched a TV show and the guy says:     I ain't trying to fight with nobody with a baby.   So here, I can't understand the "nobody" since it make no sense to me, but it sounds like anybody, and if it's "I ain't trying to fight with anybody with a baby." that makes sense to me. Ought we only form beliefs based on sufficient empirical evidence? In , John Loftus often makes statements like:  Faith, as I argue, is an irrational leap over the probabilities. Probabilities about such a matter are all that matter. We should think exclusively in terms of them. (19) If God created us as reasonable people, then the correct religious faith should have sufficient evidence for it, since that’s what reasonable people require. (22) Because science is the only game in town. It works. It produces the goods. There isn’t a better alternative. (119)  Loftus' attitude seems representative among many atheists; while I'm aware that there are other views, it is this kind of view which leads to the title of this question: Ought we only form beliefs based on sufficient empirical evidence? Here are some sub-questions which may help guide answers:  How can we get an ought from an is, given that evidence only describes what is? Reformulating the title as a hypothetical imperative doesn't seem to help, because the scientific method doesn't seem to ever make a hypothetical imperative binding. And yet, surely those who would agree with the quoted text would find certain hypothetical imperatives binding?  Given that the scientific method includes &quot;basic arithmetical truths and also certain truths about formal provability&quot;,  seems to apply: a given axiomatic formulation of the scientific method will be unable to imply certain (virtually all, it turns out) truths. To say that science is complete—there are no other methods of knowing things—seems to imply that science is inconsistent. Is this 'seems' an illusion?  Does the scientific method require that we make observations prior to forming hypotheses? It could be argued that probabilistically, trying to come up with hypotheses before making a 'sufficient' number of observations will result in a failed hypothesis too much of the time. Is there evidence to support this which can probabilistically rule out all other kinds of hypothesis-forming?  Must we accept any unfalsifiable claims? The answer seems to be 'yes', given e.g. the example of crystal structure discussed by Michael Polanyi in  (43-48, 1984 paperback). A set of geometries seemed to well-describe many crystals found in nature, and even if some crystals aren't well-described, that doesn't falsify the instances in which it does. This opens up the question of which unfalsifiable claims we ought to accept.  If we model human reasoning as , we can ask what is meant by 'sufficient' by what the 'probabilities' are, prior to any observations: what  ought we start with? I am tempted to say &quot;the most effective one&quot;, but that presupposes a purpose; are we given an objective purpose?   I am left with the suspicion that one ought to only follow the scientific method to the extent that one only wants to predict one's future observations—this smells like a tautology. It seems to beg the question to say that the most important area of 'truth' is objective reality, a question which cannot be answered with the scientific method. A 'yes' answer to the main question would seem to fall prey to something like  of .  I was tempted to phrase my question as:  Is science the only source of truth?  I believe this is a bad question, for a few reasons:  We care about whether a method can reliably arrive at truth/knowledge. The terms 'truth' and 'knowledge' would possibly stir a debate about , which may not be a prerequisite for the answer to my question. My question makes explicit that we are talking about what one ought to do, which is not explicit in the above formulation. I created a model and added some Actions in the DopeSheet editor (more or less 5).  I exported the model to my game engine, saved the .blend file (Ctrl-S) and closed it.  Then I opened it again, and all the actions were gone, it just had the one I was using last.  The same happens with some preferences (for example, I disabled mip-maps on User Preferences -> System, and I have to re-enable it every time I open the .blend file again.  Does somebody knows how to restore the Actions and save everything? Thanks. Getting key with maximum value in dictionary?