I installed Ubuntu 16.04, encrypted home directory. Jotted down system info including password, etc., in a document which will presumably be in /home/mike/somewhere. Hadn't printed the file to hardcopy yet. Installed steam, which when executed hard-crashed the machine, no jumpout to F1, no ssh'ing in from local machine, nothing. Rebooted, and realized I cannot remember my robust password nor had I printed out my file.   How do I reset the password is the question?  Before you answer, here's what I've tried and does NOT work in Ubuntu 16.04 under these circumstances:   Booting in to recovery mode, dropping to command line gives "Give root password for maintenance" Booting and pausing at grub stage, editing the boot line by changing ro to rw and add init=/bin/bash, (also deleting the splash text, i can't remember the exact words), hitting F10 to boot with new options, results in blank screen, then the regular GNOME GUI log-in. Tried a few variations on this. Booting from live USB stick, dropping into terminal with F1, I can log in, and sudo. Hope is born! I mounted /dev/sdb2 (my Linux installation) to /mnt, sudo chroot /mnt. I change to /mnt. I successfully change mike's password. Reboot: rejects the new password.   I had made a second user on the machine to run a process, and that home directory is not encrypted. I did the live USB stick boot, dropped into terminal, changed password on the second user, and promoted him to a sudo-er as well. Rebooted normally, logged in as him, am able to change password for mike, sudo into mike: all variations on this theme result in asking for passphrase to unencrypt the home directory.  Is this hopeless or is there a back door I don't know about?
I am using a cloned hard drive in attempts to restore some old files.   The cloned drive has 2 users, one with an encrypted home drive, one without. Both are administrators. When I couldn't get into the main user (with the encrypted home directory), I logged in as the 2nd user and changed the password.   It seems that I somehow broke the relationship between the encryption passphrase and the user. I'm pretty sure I have the passphrase. Is there a way to get to the data?
Experimental observation of matter/antimatter in the universe Ordinary matter and antimatter have the same physical properties when it comes to, for example, spectroscopy. Hydrogen and antihydrogen atoms produce the same spectroscopy when excited, and adsorb the same frequencies. The charge does not make a difference in the potential (regardless if it's generated by a proton or an antiproton) nor in how the positron behaves in this potential (being its mass equal to the mass of an electron)  How can astronomy evaluate if a far galaxy is made of matter or antimatter, given that from the spectroscopy point of view, they behave in the same way? In other words, how do we know that an asymmetry exists between matter and antimatter in the universe? Where do I ask a question about copyright? How to create tagged PDF such that they will be:   good enough for PDF/UA "reflowable" on smaller screens and ebook readers   Any syntax &amp; any engine are of interest, but I'm most interested in using LaTeX with [Xe|pdf]latex engines. Badge "multiplier" a little bit misaligned on the profile page Well, you can see it for yourself. The badge multiplier is a bit misaligned. Can you fix this please? (I know it's kinda a minor issue but it's bugging me and it's somehow off)    If it helps, I'm using Chrome version 44.0.2403.125 m. (Also repro'ed on FireFox 39.0 and )    For no good reason, that's a screenie from 's profile page. It seems that a List object cannot be stored in a List variable in C#, and can't even be explicitly cast that way.  List&lt;string&gt; sl = new List&lt;string&gt;(); List&lt;object&gt; ol; ol = sl;   results in Cannot implicitly convert type System.Collections.Generic.List&lt;string&gt; to System.Collections.Generic.List&lt;object&gt;  And then...  List&lt;string&gt; sl = new List&lt;string&gt;(); List&lt;object&gt; ol; ol = (List&lt;object&gt;)sl;   results in Cannot convert type System.Collections.Generic.List&lt;string&gt; to System.Collections.Generic.List&lt;object&gt;  Of course, you can do it by pulling everything out of the string list and putting it back in one at a time, but it is a rather convoluted solution. In Windows 7, I know you can do Windows + Left to put a window in the left half of the screen.  Is there a feature that will do top and bottom? To be short, I want to copy a folder to a location /usr/share/screenlets/.... in Ubuntu 10.04 system. I tried by logging in as root from terminal giving su.   I even changed my user account type to ADMINISTRATOR; Yet, no use. PASTE option in the context menu's list in the folder /usr/share/... is INACTIVE.  How can I copy those files? What time zone do SO's servers operate in? What time zone do Stack Overflow's servers operate in?  I noticed that it couldn't be my time zone, or the ones before me (I'm in North American Eastern Time), because I logged into SO earlier today (around 12 pm), then I logged in just a few minutes ago (around 8 pm), then about a minute later I got the Fanatic badge (yay me!). Process descendants math behind complex numbers C||RLC I have a mathematical problem with the following formula. The goal is to transform this equation to have a seperated real and imaginary part. I have already done this with several other equasions, but for this particualar one I don't know where to start.  I dont expect you to do the complete work of transforming for me, it would already be very nice if you could give me a hind on how you would start.  Thank you in advance!  C||RLC      This is my current progress:    My question is:  How can I get rid of the imaginary part jωC2*R?  When the denominator is completely real I can just split up the formula and have an imaginary and a real part. If I was at point $A$ and I wanted to walk directly to point $B$, I would have to walk half way to point $B$, but before that I would have to walk half way to halfway to halfway to point $B$ and half of that again and so on and so fourth. if I halved this distance an infinite amount of times then there would be an infinite amount of actions I would need to perform in order to cross from $A$ to $B$. Therefore, if each action took any quantity of time at all, then it would take me an infinite amount of time to cross from $A$ to $B$, even if $A$ and $B$ were only a few centimetres apart!   Because I am not infinitely old and I can move, there must be a flaw in this logic. Where is it? How to run xrandr commands at startup in Ubuntu How can I run the following xrandrcommand on startup?  xrandr   cvt 1368 768  xrandr --newmode "1368x768_60.00"   85.25  1368 1440 1576 1784  768 771 781 798 -hsync +vsync xrandr --addmode VGA1 1368x768_60.00 xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1368x768_60.00 How to delete directories with path/names too long for normal delete Bridge Rectifier Fails When AC Inputs are Shorted How long can a temporary suspension be? I ran into a user profile that states:  This account is  to cool down. The suspension period ends on Apr 27 '24 at 7:54  At first, it seemed like a somewhat longish suspension period.  Referring to  reveals:  Depending on the severity of the problem behavior — and at the complete discretion of the moderator — your account will be placed in timed suspension for anywhere from 1 to 365 days.  This indicates that temporary suspensions can last upto a year.  Additionally, the  doesn't give any other information about the timed suspension other than the link to the wiki above. I am keen to know whether the example above (wherein the account has been suspended until 2024) is a one-off case or is it a case of documentation being obsolete? Is the humanoid appearance of most alien species in the Star Trek universe ever canonically addressed? The vast majority of intelligent species in the Star Trek universe are bipedal, humanoid creatures.  From the lot I've seen of TOS, TNG, DS9, Voyager, Enterprise, and the movies, it seems that this coincidence goes largely unquestioned.  Metaknowledge grants that it is much easier to have human actors portray human-like beings, and so this was probably done due to budgetary/technological limitations.  However, I'm wondering if an in-universe reason for this was ever given or explored? I am using Microsoft Visual C++ on Windows and Qt Creator on Ubuntu. I can't change permissions on my flash drive (FAT32), even as root.  How can I change permissions on a FAT32 flash-drive? Why is it impossible, without attempting I/O, to detect that TCP socket was gracefully closed by peer? As a follow up to a , I wonder why it is impossible in Java, without attempting reading/writing on a TCP socket, to detect that the socket has been gracefully closed by the peer? This seems to be the case regardless of whether one uses the pre-NIO Socket or the NIO SocketChannel.  When a peer gracefully closes a TCP connection, the TCP stacks on both sides of the connection know about the fact. The server-side (the one that initiates the shutdown) ends up in state FIN_WAIT2, whereas the client-side (the one that does not explicitly respond to the shutdown) ends up in state CLOSE_WAIT. Why isn't there a method in Socket or SocketChannel that can query the TCP stack to see whether the underlying TCP connection has been terminated? Is it that the TCP stack doesn't provide such status information? Or is it a design decision to avoid a costly call into the kernel?  With the help of the users who have already posted some answers to this question, I think I see where the issue might be coming from. The side that doesn't explicitly close the connection ends up in TCP state CLOSE_WAIT meaning that the connection is in the process of shutting down and waits for the side to issue its own CLOSE operation. I suppose it's fair enough that isConnected returns true and isClosed returns false, but why isn't there something like isClosing?  Below are the test classes that use pre-NIO sockets. But identical results are obtained using NIO.  import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket;  public class MyServer {   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {     final ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(12345);     final Socket cs = ss.accept();     System.out.println("Accepted connection");     Thread.sleep(5000);     cs.close();     System.out.println("Closed connection");     ss.close();     Thread.sleep(100000);   } }   import java.net.Socket;  public class MyClient {   public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {     final Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 12345);     for (int i = 0; i &lt; 10; i++) {       System.out.println("connected: " + s.isConnected() +          ", closed: " + s.isClosed());       Thread.sleep(1000);     }     Thread.sleep(100000);   } }   When the test client connects to the test server the output remains unchanged even after the server initiates the shutdown of the connection:  connected: true, closed: false connected: true, closed: false ... Constructing a function that is continuous and has a max on an open interval, but is not necessarily increasing immediately to the left of the max. According to "Moving Around Other Creatures" (PH p. 191 / SRD p. 92):     You can move through a nonhostile creature’s space. [...] another creature’s space is difficult terrain for you.    Whether a creature is a friend or an enemy, you can’t willingly end your move in its space.   So it's possible for Alice to , the only penalty being that the ally's space counts as difficult terrain to enter.  If an enemy adjacent to the ally's space has readied a grapple against Alice and is successful, then Alice (unwillingly) ends her move in her ally's space.  Do allied characters in the same space suffer any negative effect?  Now the rest of Alice's allies do the same thing.   Is there a limit to the number of characters that can be stacked on a space?   What if Alice's ally was the one with the readied grapple?  Can you stack an ally on your space by readying a grapple to prevent them from leaving?