I've submitted an application to visit my unmarried partner in the UK during Christmas and the Embassy turned it down. My partner is British and I have Sudanese passport.    Entery clearance officer turned down my application because I don't have previous travel history to the UK or any other country with similar immigration system and cash deposit I have made before submitting my application. Regarding the money that he commented on it was a commission that received from work and I didn't submit any evidence where this money came from according to the entry clearance officer.    Can I re-apply for entry clearance again anytime soon? And how to avoid the refusal next time?
I have applied recently for a general visitor visa to the UK to spend 10 days during Christmas with my British unmarried partner and it has been turned down.   The Entry Clearance Officer stated on his refusal notice the following:     I note that you have never previously travelled to the UK or any country with similar immigration requirements and you therefore do not have a history of travel and compliance to consider.      You have submitted an employment letter to confirm your occupation in KSA but I am required to also assess your personal, domestic and economic circumstances in determining whether you are genuine visitor travelling to the UK for the period and purpose you state.      You claim an income of SAR ........ per month which equal ........ GBP and from the evidence submitted this appears to be your sole source of income.   I note that this monthly income is reflected on your bank statements. However, the bank statement you have presented show a recent large deposit that are in excess of your stated income and inconsistent with the account history. You haven't provided evidence toward the origin of this recent deposit and in the absence of reasonable evidence I am not satisfied that these bank statements accurately reflect your personal circumstances.      In view of the above, I am not satisfied you have demonstrated that your circumstances are as you claim and therefore I am not satisfied that you're travelling to the UK for the period and purpose you stated. 41(i)and(ii).   Its true that I have deposited that sum of money right before I apply and it was a commission I received from work earlier this month.   So, could you please give me your advice on the above as I am planning to apply again soon. and how to avoid my application being refused again?
Drawing simple edge, no arrow I have  \begin{tikzpicture}[-&gt;,auto,node distance=3cm,   thick,main node/.style={draw,font=\bfseries}]   \node[main node] (111) at (0,1) {$X_{1,1}^{(1)}$};   \node[main node] (121) at (0,2) {$X_{1,2}^{(1)}$};   \node[main node] (1n1) at (0,4) {$X_{1,n}^{(1)}$};   \node[main node] (211) at (0,6) {$X_{2,1}^{(1)}$};   \node[main node] (221) at (0,7) {$X_{2,2}^{(1)}$};   \node[main node] (2n1) at (0,9) {$X_{2,n}^{(1)}$};   \node[main node] (n11) at (0,11) {$X_{n,1}^{(1)}$};   \node[main node] (n21) at (0,12) {$X_{n,2}^{(1)}$};   \node[main node] (nn1) at (0,14) {$X_{n,n}^{(1)}$};   \node[main node] (112) at (2.5,1) {$X_{1,1}^{(2)}$};   \node[main node] (122) at (2.5,2) {$X_{1,2}^{(2)}$};   \node[main node] (1n2) at (2.5,4) {$X_{1,n}^{(2)}$};   \node[main node] (212) at (2.5,6) {$X_{2,1}^{(2)}$};   \node[main node] (222) at (2.5,7) {$X_{2,2}^{(2)}$};   \node[main node] (2n2) at (2.5,9) {$X_{2,n}^{(2)}$};   \node[main node] (n12) at (2.5,11) {$X_{n,1}^{(2)}$};   \node[main node] (n22) at (2.5,12) {$X_{n,2}^{(2)}$};   \node[main node] (nn2) at (2.5,14) {$X_{n,n}^{(2)}$};   \node[main node] (11k) at (6,1) {$X_{1,1}^{(k)}$};   \node[main node] (12k) at (6,2) {$X_{1,2}^{(k)}$};   \node[main node] (1nk) at (6,4) {$X_{1,n}^{(k)}$};   \node[main node] (21k) at (6,6) {$X_{2,1}^{(k)}$};   \node[main node] (22k) at (6,7) {$X_{2,2}^{(k)}$};   \node[main node] (2nk) at (6,9) {$X_{2,n}^{(k)}$};   \node[main node] (n1k) at (6,11) {$X_{n,1}^{(k)}$};   \node[main node] (n2k) at (6,12) {$X_{n,2}^{(k)}$};   \node[main node] (nnk) at (6,14) {$X_{n,n}^{(k)}$};   \node[main node] (11n2) at (9.5,1) {$X_{1,1}^{(n-2)}$};   \node[main node] (12n2) at (9.5,2) {$X_{1,2}^{(n-2)}$};   \node[main node] (1nn2) at (9.5,4) {$X_{1,n}^{(n-2)}$};   \node[main node] (21n2) at (9.5,6) {$X_{2,1}^{(n-2)}$};   \node[main node] (22n2) at (9.5,7) {$X_{2,2}^{(n-2)}$};   \node[main node] (2nn2) at (9.5,9) {$X_{2,n}^{(n-2)}$};   \node[main node] (n1n2) at (9.5,11) {$X_{n,1}^{(n-2)}$};   \node[main node] (n2n2) at (9.5,12) {$X_{n,2}^{(n-2)}$};   \node[main node] (nnn2) at (9.5,14) {$X_{n,n}^{(n-2)}$};   \node[main node] (11n1) at (12,1) {$X_{1,1}^{(n-1)}$};   \node[main node] (12n1) at (12,2) {$X_{1,2}^{(n-1)}$};   \node[main node] (1nn1) at (12,4) {$X_{1,n}^{(n-1)}$};   \node[main node] (21n1) at (12,6) {$X_{2,1}^{(n-1)}$};   \node[main node] (22n1) at (12,7) {$X_{2,2}^{(n-1)}$};   \node[main node] (2nn1) at (12,9) {$X_{2,n}^{(n-1)}$};   \node[main node] (n1n1) at (12,11) {$X_{n,1}^{(n-1)}$};   \node[main node] (n2n1) at (12,12) {$X_{n,2}^{(n-1)}$};   \node[main node] (nnn1) at (12,14) {$X_{n,n}^{(n-1)}$};   \path     (111) edge (112)         edge (122)         edge (1n2)     (121) edge (112)         edge (122)         edge (1n2)     (1n1) edge (112)         edge (122)         edge (1n2)     (121) edge[--,dashed] (1n1); \end{tikzpicture}   I just want simple lines, no arrows. How to manage with edge to achieve that? Thanks How do you reopen a closed question? To reopen a closed question,  must agree that the question is suitable for the site and cast votes to reopen the question. But:  How does one actually vote to reopen? Is there a reputation level that you must have before you can see this function? Or do I just leave a comment along the lines of, &quot;I vote to reopen&quot;? What happens if someone with less than 3000 reputation leaves a comment that they wish to vote to reopen? How can one draw attention to their closed questions? Is it done via a posting new question? Or do you edit the closed question?   Related:  For more information, see &quot;&quot; in the . Is there a set of lines in $\mathbb{R}^3$ such that their union is equal to the set of points with not all coordinates rational? Does there exist a set L of pairwise disjoint lines, each line in an axis direction, in $\mathbb{R}^3$ such that their union is equal equal to $\{ x : x \text{ has at least one irrational coordinate}\}$? Searching by user id in Android app only shows questions, no answers I have a Samsung Galaxy S3. Android version 4.3  I downloaded the official StackExchange app today. I am not able to view post related to android tag from my profile. I tried refreshing also  Snap     Edit:  However i am able to see one post for the relevant from the drop down list    Edit 2:  I tried what Steven V suggested. However it's the same.    I tried for a different user its the same. How does Earth's interior dynamo work? I'm interested in getting a basic physical understanding of how Earth's magnetic field is generated. I understand that it's a "dynamo" type of effect, driven by convection currents in the molten outer core. These currents cause charges to move, and this generates the field.  However, what I can't find a good explanation of is why there is a separation of charges in the first place. Presumably, moving neutrally charged molten iron would have the same effect as moving any other neutrally charged thing, i.e. it wouldn't create a field.  And presumably, if the fluid wasn't moving then it would become neutral pretty quickly, since molten iron is a good electrical conductor.  So am I right in thinking that the charge separation is the result of positive feedback, in that an intial deviation from neutrality would generate a field, and this would (somehow) cause a greater separation of charges, resulting in a kind of self-maintaining charge separation?  Or is there another explanation?  In either case, does anyone know of a good resource that explains the basic principles in physical terms?  I know that the interior dynamo is a very complex phenomenon, but I'd like something that gives a good physical picture of how the electromagnetic and fluid dynamical phenomena interact, rather than diving straight into partial differential equations. Make Vim show ALL white spaces as a character How to resolve ambiguous column names when retrieving results? I have two tables in my database:  NEWS table with columns:   id - the news id  user - the user id of the author)   USERS table with columns:   id - the user id   I want to execute this SQL:   SELECT * FROM news JOIN users ON news.user = user.id    When I get the results in PHP I would like to get associative array and get column names by $row['column-name']. How do I get the news ID and the user ID, having the same column name? Which is the best visualization for contingency tables? Which is best plot, from statistical standpoint, to show a , which is typically being analyzed by chi-square test? Is it a dodged barplot, stacked barplot, heatmap, contour plot, jitterred scatterplot, multiple lines plot or something else? Should one show absolute values or percentages?  Edit: Or as @forecaster suggests in the comments, the table of numbers is itself a simple plot and should be sufficient. Compute the radius of convergence of the power series $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} n!x^n$ Do I need to activate the firewall? I only use Ubuntu for a home desktop use? I am a novice at Ubuntu (12.04).  I have it on my netbook which I use mainly for surfing the net, learning python and remote desktop into my work computer.    Do I need to enable a Firewall type software?  If so, what would you suggest, and what are sensible default suggestions? How to choose a lens for my first DSLR? I am considering buying my first DSLR.  How do I know whether I need a 18-200 lens, 17-85, or 18-55? Or something else? What is the difference between '/' and '//' when used for division? Will I get OTA updates after installing Android L Developer preview? Converting from 7-speed to 10-speed rear wheel My Bridgestone MB-5 currently has a 7-speed rear wheel. I'd like to convert it to a 10-speed. Is this possible? Is it practical? Suppose $$ab \equiv 0 \pmod n$$ and that $a$ and $b$ are positive integers both less than $ n$. Does it follow that either $a | n$ or $b | n$?  If it does follow, give a proof.  If it doesn’t, then give an example.   For this question is this a suitable answer: No it doesn't. $3$ and $4$ are both less than $6$. $$3 \times 4 \equiv 0 \pmod {6}$$ but $4 \not \mid 6$. addplot3[surf] creates lines instead of a surface I have been trying to create a surface plot but I am unable to get it to work. Any help would be greatly appreciated. I've tried using surf which only produces lines instead of a surface (Fig. 1). Note: Although I was originally able to produce output, thesurf plot no longer compiles: "Package tikz Error". I've tried compiling with both pdflatex and lualatex with -shell-escape flag.    Figure 1  I also tried to use the patch style plot. This produces gibberish (Fig. 2)    Figure 2  MWE:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{pgfplots} \usepgfplotslibrary{external} \usepgfplotslibrary{patchplots} \tikzexternalize  \begin{document} \begin{figure}[t]   \centering    \tikzsetnextfilename{surface_plot}   \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis} [       height=12cm,       width=15cm,       grid=major,       grid style={dotted},       colormap/jet,       mesh/ordering=x varies     ]       %\addplot3[patch,patch type=biquadratic,shader=faceted interp,patch refines=3] coordinates {       \addplot3[surf] coordinates {  (-6,-6,446.788)  (-5,-6,423.361)  (-4,-6,413.264)  (-3,-6,402.349)  (-2,-6,388.948)  (-1,-6,391.747)  (0,-6,386.874)  (1,-6,423.778)  (2,-6, 439.19)  (3,-6,449.074)  (4,-6,462.155)  (5,-6,484.399)  (6,-6,505.412) (-6,-5, 423.48)  (-5,-5,392.382)  (-4,-5,406.696)  (-3,-5,392.592)  (-2,-5,371.158)  (-1,-5,384.142)  (0,-5,394.666)  (1,-5,408.105)  (2,-5, 422.51)  (3,-5,420.173)  (4,-5,445.816)  (5,-5,464.731)  (6,-5,485.349) (-6,-4,402.646)  (-5,-4,371.879)  (-4,-4,376.239)  (-3,-4,396.874)  (-2,-4,382.761)  (-1,-4,386.665)  (0,-4,397.148)  (1,-4,410.875)  (2,-4,425.998)  (3,-4,385.143)  (4,-4,420.458)  (5,-4,438.432)  (6,-4,    458) (-6,-3,423.219)  (-5,-3,370.582)  (-4,-3,464.786)  (-3,-3,443.921)  (-2,-3,425.196)  (-1,-3,427.138)  (0,-3,438.002)  (1,-3, 453.97)  (2,-3,473.021)  (3,-3,418.583)  (4,-3,435.887)  (5,-3,414.993)  (6,-3,475.148) (-6,-2,401.995)  (-5,-2,385.612)  (-4,-2,438.956)  (-3,-2,418.583)  (-2,-2,400.093)  (-1,-2,400.773)  (0,-2, 410.58)  (1,-2,426.024)  (2,-2, 444.92)  (3,-2,397.131)  (4,-2,413.739)  (5,-2,431.741)  (6,-2,451.267) (-6,-1,382.978)  (-5,-1,335.274)  (-4,-1,416.598)  (-3,-1,396.718)  (-2,-1,378.348)  (-1,-1,377.455)  (0,-1,32.0089)  (1,-1,400.683)  (2,-1,419.918)  (3,-1,377.371)  (4,-1,393.286)  (5,-1,374.648)  (6,-1,429.077) (-6, 0,365.902)  (-5, 0,350.965)  (-4, 0,397.527)  (-3, 0, 378.36)  (-2, 0,360.454)  (-1, 0,358.447)  (0, 0,    363)  (1, 0,381.147)  (2, 0,401.177)  (3, 0,362.155)  (4, 0,378.174)  (5, 0,395.513)  (6, 0, 414.34) (-6, 1,372.511)  (-5, 1,326.945)  (-4, 1,407.215)  (-3, 1,388.646)  (-2, 1,371.945)  (-1, 1,371.003)  (0, 1,380.027)  (1, 1,396.414)  (2, 1,416.602)  (3, 1,374.897)  (4, 1,391.276)  (5, 1, 373.32)  (6, 1,428.284) (-6, 2,391.149)  (-5, 2,376.191)  (-4, 2,406.941)  (-3, 2,369.633)  (-2, 2,393.583)  (-1, 2,394.184)  (0, 2,404.263)  (1, 2,420.588)  (2, 2,  440.5)  (3, 2,416.631)  (4, 2,374.948)  (5, 2,391.855)  (6, 2,418.511) (-6, 3,375.967)  (-5, 3,361.698)  (-4, 3,357.421)  (-3, 3,368.273)  (-2, 3,377.106)  (-1, 3,378.664)  (0, 3,369.175)  (1, 3, 382.42)  (2, 3,397.821)  (3, 3,377.942)  (4, 3,384.944)  (5, 3,387.862)  (6, 3,424.429) (-6, 4,396.478)  (-5, 4,381.554)  (-4, 4,376.162)  (-3, 4,388.843)  (-2, 4,375.881)  (-1, 4,378.384)  (0, 4, 355.14)  (1, 4,403.654)  (2, 4,419.779)  (3, 4,398.599)  (4, 4,407.113)  (5, 4,426.715)  (6, 4,448.245) (-6, 5,409.364)  (-5, 5,380.492)  (-4, 5,387.843)  (-3, 5,360.034)  (-2, 5, 362.23)  (-1, 5,364.909)  (0, 5,358.321)  (1, 5,363.226)  (2, 5,379.325)  (3, 5,397.152)  (4, 5,410.086)  (5, 5,433.909)  (6, 5,460.548) (-6, 6, 423.99)  (-5, 6,408.967)  (-4, 6,400.475)  (-3, 6,372.922)  (-2, 6,371.116)  (-1, 6, 373.92)  (0, 6,384.778)  (1, 6,  398.8)  (2, 6, 415.62)  (3, 6,420.127)  (4, 6,436.064)  (5, 6,461.957)  (6, 6,491.123)        };     \end{axis}   \end{tikzpicture}      \end{figure} \end{document}   Thank you so much. How do they film continuous blood pooling? How do I get a list of all files (and directories) in a given directory in Python? Intersecting overlapping polylines using ArcGIS for Desktop? I have 4 multipart polyline shapefiles (download a sample dataset ).   The geometries are identical, except for the length of segments in each shapefile. They represent 4 variables describing an identical shoreline. From these 4 overlapping polylines, I would like to create a resulting polyline that has segments for each unique set of the 4 input lines.    My approach was to use an intersect. This, however, breaks down when I try to run it on 4 huge feature classes.  My question is whether there is a more efficient way to combine polyline attributes stored in separate layers. I thought a union would be good, but it only works on polygons. Spatial Join seems inefficient, as I would end up with many to many joins for a single segment. Turning the segment end points into a point layer, then splitting the line at those points?  I have access to arcpy, PostGIS, and shapely.  Has anyone had experience doing this before on large datasets? Is there a more efficient way to store these variables? Topology induced by seminorms and initial topology Let's say we have a family of seminorms $(\rho_\alpha)_{\alpha \in A}$ on a vector space $V$.  There are two ways to topologize $V$ using those seminorms:   We define topology $\mathcal S$ by a subbasis consisting of sets of the form $$ B_{x, \alpha, \epsilon} =\{v \in V : \rho_\alpha(v - x) &lt; \epsilon \} $$ for some $\epsilon &gt; 0, x \in V, \alpha \in A$. We define topology $\mathcal I$ as the smallest topology in which the seminorms are continuous.   I've showed that the seminorms are continuous in $\mathcal S$, and that  implies $\mathcal I \subseteq \mathcal S$. I'm having trouble with the other direction. It is clear to me that $B_{0, \alpha, \epsilon} = \rho_\alpha^{-1}  ((-\epsilon, \epsilon ))$, so it's enough to show that vector addition is continuous in respect to $\mathcal I$, but I don't know how to do that.