I would like to know how to count the characters in every line in a text, then subtracting this number from a threshold represents the maximum number of characters allowed per line, after then I would like to fill the gaps between the maximum number of characters and the count of characters with dots. For example:  Unix was  originally meant  to be a  co nvenient p latform for progra mmers developing software to  be run on it and on other  systems, rather than for non- programmers. [7][8] The system grew larger  as the operating system star ted spreading in a cademic circ les, as users add ed their own tools to th e system and shared them wi th colleagues.   The maximum number of characters over all the lines is /31/ in line#11. I would like the count of characters in every line to be /31/ by filling the empty spaces with dots, like this:  Unix was , ..................... originally meant , ............. to be a , ...................... co, ............................ nvenient p, .................... latform for progra, ............ mmers developing software to, .. be run on it and on other , .... systems, rather than for non-,.. programmers., .................. [7][8] The system grew larger,.. as the operating system star, .. ted spreading in a, ............ cademic circ, .................. les, as users add, ............. ed their own tools to th, ...... e system and shared them wi, ... th colleagues., ................   How can I do that in bash?
I'd like to output hello world over 20 characters.  printf "%-20s :\n\n" 'hello world!!'  # Actual output hello world!!        :  # Wanted output hello world!!========:   However, I don't want to complete with spaces but with "=" instead. How do I do that?
$24\mid n(n^{2}-1)(3n+2)$ for all $n$ natural problems in the statement. Is there an exact command for restarting GNOME Shell in Ubuntu 20.04 corresponding to Alt + F2 + 'r' + Enter? Is there a way to restart GNOME Shell other than by using Alt + F2, R + Enter? With respect to the question, I have gone through , but I didn't get what I was looking for. I am looking for a command which exactly does what Alt + F2, r + Enter do. Please note that I am not willing to do the gnome-shell -- replace command... I did check both the things Alt + F2,r Enter and gnome-shell --replace... There is a lot of difference, I found... Alka Seltzer Model: formulas/models requested This evening I became fascinated with how my Alka Seltzer tablet disintegrates over time within a small portion of Diet Lipton Citrus Ice Tea. I used a nearly frozen cup; tall, as one might request in a middle-class restaurant.  It is interesting to notice that the Alka Seltzer tablet attempts to float to the top of the glass; but it just cant quite make it, e.g., it keeps bobbing up and down and finally it becomes complete residue.  What are the formulas for this, completely? What might the mathematical model look like from start to finish? My first identifications include, but certainly not limited to: measuring the cup, the milligrams deposited into the cup and of course a the makings of a typical tablet of Alka Seltzer excluding room temperature? Last two digits of $2^{1000}$ via Chinese Remainder Theorem? I bumped across the aforementioned question in my notes while studying today and I have completely forgot how to do this. I remember using CRT to solve a problem like this on one of my tests, too bad they didn't give back my solutions :(.  Since $\gcd(100,2) = 2$, we can't use the usual Euler's theorem to solve via $\pmod {100}$. So $100 = 5^2 2^2$, and applying Euler's on the 25 gives me $2^{20} \equiv 1 \pmod {25}$. However since $\gcd(2,4) = 2$, we can't do the same for $\bmod 4$. Accordingly how do I set up the other modulo congruence so I can apply CRT? Why do fonts look messed up in Adobe Acrobat? How to prevent search engines from indexing a single page of my website? Find the limit of $\sum\limits_{k=1}^n\left(\sqrt{1+\frac{k}{n^2}}-1\right)$ How can I disable the Windows key from opening the Activities overview? How can I disable the Windows key (or Super) from showing the GNOME Shell Activities overlay? Canonical has recently announced , which is Ubuntu with a specific interface for mobile devices.  Where can I get phones with this version of Ubuntu pre-installed? If no devices are available yet, where can I pre-order one? Permalink rewrite with custom post type and custom taxonomy I think thats a quick one:  I've got:   Custom post type: Food  Custom taxonomy (Registered to Food): Fruits Terms in Fruits: Apple, Orange, Cherry   If I type in example.com/food?fruits=Apple,Cherry, I get all posts in Fruits with the terms Apple and Cherry, thats great!  But I would like to type in example.com/food/fruits/Apple,Cherry or example.com/food/Apple,Cherry to get the same result.  I´ve tried different permalink and rewrite plugins related to custom posts but nothing helped.  Thank you,  David Cross-site AJAX requests I need to make an AJAX request from a website to a REST web service hosted in another domain.  Although this is works just fine in Internet Explorer, other browsers such as Mozilla and Google Chrome impose far stricter security restrictions, which prohibit cross-site AJAX requests.  The problem is that I have no control over the domain nor the web server where the site is hosted. This means that my REST web service must run somewhere else, and I can't put in place any redirection mechanism.  Here is the JavaScript code that makes the asynchronous call:  var serviceUrl = "http://myservicedomain"; var payload = "&lt;myRequest&gt;&lt;content&gt;Some content&lt;/content&gt;&lt;/myRequest&gt;"; var request = new XMLHttpRequest(); request.open("POST", serviceUrl, true); // &lt;-- This fails in Mozilla Firefox amongst other browsers request.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "text/xml"); request.send(payload);   How can I have this work in other browsers beside Internet Explorer? How can I make an object follow a path exactly I want to make this sphere follow a path, but everything I try creates a giant distance from the actual path. I guess what I'm asking is how do I get the blue line extending from the path to the sphere to be basically 0 at all times? I just know that ls -t and ls -f give different sorting of files and subdirectories under a directory.   What are the differences between timestamp, modification time, and created time of a file? How to get and change these kinds of information by commands? In terms of what kind of information do people say a file is "newer" than the other? What kinds of information's change will not make the file different?   For example, I saw someone wrote:     By default, the rsync program only looks to see if the files are different in size and timestamp. It doesn't care which file is newer, if it is different, it gets overwritten. You can pass the '--update' flag to rsync which will cause it to skip files on the destination if they are newer than the file on the source, but only so long as they are the same type of file. What this means is that if, for example, the source file is a regular file and the destination is a symlink, the destination file will be overwritten, regardless of timestamp.   On a side note, does the file type here mean only regular file and simlink, not the type such as pdf, jpg, htm, txt etc? JavaFX accordion with multiple open panes Why didn't all the Jedi at the Jedi Temple sense Anakin and his legion of Clones’ thoughts? If you go back to Attack of the Clones, Anakin and Obi-Wan sensed that poisonous alien worms were about to kill Padme. Back in Revenge of the Sith, the Jedi could take on the legion or if there were too many, they could at least escape. Overstaying Schengen Visa for 1 day I was in Germany last September, my visa said I had 14 days to stay in the Schengen area.  When I was leaving back for Egypt the passport control officer noticed that I was leaving on the 15th day. I didn't even realise that as I had written previously in my visa application that I was staying for 15 days and the embassy in Cairo had my complete airline ticket with specific dates.  Anyway the officer just filed a report on the incident but didn't stamp my passport with my exit date from the Schengen area.  Do any of you guys know if that would make it harder for me to be granted a visa in the future? Can you please guide me best way to retrieve all active picklist values of all recordtypes of object. Can it be possible through API or any Apex Script.  I want something like below and i will write them in my file:  Obect Name, RecordTypeName, PicklistValues   Thanks Finding the radius of convergence for $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(n!)^kx^n}{(kn)!}$ I'm reviewing some calculus concepts right now, and this series stumped me. I'm trying to figure out what its radius of convergence is, but it's not falling for any of my old tricks. Using the root-test, I want to compute: $$ L_1=\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \left|\sqrt[n]{\frac{(n!)^k}{(kn)!}}\right| $$  where $k$ is some positive integer. Passing the limit through the absolute-value bars and $n$th root symbol, I now want to compute the simpler (?) $$ L_2 = \lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \sqrt[n]{\frac{(n!)^k}{(kn)!}}$$  Which I can't seem to pin down. Numerical tests indicate it goes to 0, and that jives with an intuitive notion I have that there are always $k$ terms on the numerator, but $kn$ terms in the denominator. But since all of these terms themselves depend on $n$, proving that $L_2 = 0$ escapes me. Once we get this result (if it's correct), then clearly $L_1$ is also 0, and the radius of convergence of the series is $\mathbb{R}$. Thanks for any ideas you may have. Listen for incoming request on port on Linux, then run command I am after as lightweight as possible solution to listen on a port for a specific request, then run a command should the port be hit and the correct request be recedved.  Eg. Send a request to 192.168.0.10 on port 5432 with the string my_token. On the host (eg. 192.168.0.10), then run a command should that port be hit and the string matched.  I was initially thinking of using netstat (eg. nc -l 5000) then running the command on change. However, ideally a string or token of sorts would be ideal alongside this or similar, but without using a full-blown webserver - essentially something that can run in the background with few resources. Differentiation - simple case