The recent question  made me realize that I don't have any understanding of why one would upload to a preprint site.  (I don't work in a field where they seem to be common.)  Why would one be concerned about getting a manuscript on arXiv, if it's already under review with a journal?   Is it because of the long publishing timeline of journals?  (That could explain why computer science &mdash; which publishes much more in conferences &mdash; doesn't seem to do much with them.)
Some fields like Economics and Maths have their work in progress published as "working papers" with notes like "work in progress, do not cite or quote without the author's permission."Sometimes they upload these to their own websites or to their universities websites. I don't see much of this going on in my own field (sociology). I have heard from people that are afraid of having their work scooped or that fear that work published in this way will not be considered as "unpublished" by journals and conferences.  What are the advantages of making work in progress available in this way?
Is particle superposition reflected in the particle's gravitational footprint? I am trying to figure out how to make the space around the sun glow and than fade away into darkness.  The sun was made in blender using cycles render and several noise textures. The glow I have around my sun was made using Blenders Gurus tutorial for earth, atmosphere effect, to create a red glow. The sun will be animated so using composition is not going to work for me (sadly);  I realized one of the reasons why the method is not working is I am using surface rather than a volume shader, but As I tried to do it using volume shaders, I could not figure out what direction to take. I have two laptops: Dell xps M1210 and Dell vostro 1400. On MS windows the output volume is so loud that I just need to set volume to around 20% to listen music and watch videos. I use Bose TriPort In-Ear Headphones most of the times. On ubuntu, even if I set 100% volume on the multimedia player, on the desktop volume manager as well, and also on the ncurses GUI of alsa mixer, I get very low volume output. Sometimes while playing some vidoes the volume is so low that I barely hear any words. I have struggled for two years since I started to use ubuntu to solve this mystery. The same sound card which gives excellent sound on MS windows fails miserably on GNU/Linux. Few weeks back I bought an Asus 100PX EEE PC. To my surprise even it also has the same issue. I have tried many versions of ubuntu and also I have done manual compiles of alsa modules without any success. I have asked and read about it in every possible forums and howto's. Nothing has helped me to address the issue. As I found solutions on making site-to-site VPN between Azure and AWS using a software VPN server, I'm asking myself if it's possible to connect the VPN gateways (Azure VNET / AWS VPC) directly.  Is there a limitation that forbids it ? Show that the polynomial $X^5 + X^3 + \bar{1}$ in $(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}[X])$ is irreducible Show that the polynomial $X^5 + X^3 + \bar{1}$ in $(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})[X]$ is irreducible. (Hint: if it were reducible, it would either have a root or be of the form $g(X) \cdot h(x)$, where deg$g(X) = 2$ and deg$h(X) = 3$) Recall that $\bar{a}$ is shorthand for the coset $a + 2\mathbb{Z} \space $in$ \space (\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})[X]$ (for any $a \in \mathbb{Z}$)  This question is worth $7$ marks out of a possible $75$, this is my solution..  $f(X) = X^5 + X^3 + \bar{1}$ is irreducible in $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}[X]$ iff it has no roots in $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$. Since $f(\bar{0}) = \bar{1}$ and $f(\bar{1}) = \bar{1}$, it follows that $f(x)$ is irreducible in $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}[X]$.  Would this be a sufficient answer? am I missing something? Books on Number Theory for anyone who loves Mathematics?(Beginner to Advanced &amp; just for someone who has a basic grasp of math) Running programs in the background from terminal Getting polygon boundaries of City in JSON from Google Maps API? Let $(e_n)$ (where $ e_n $ has a 1 in the $n$-th place and zeros otherwise) be unit  standard vectors of $\ell_\infty$.   Why is $(e_n)$ not a basis for $\ell_\infty$?  Thanks. Why isn't temperature frame dependent? Setup for a wine bottle with multiple labels I have modeled a wine bottle and created various wine label designs for a client. The labels were created in Illustrator and so I have PNGs. I want to present a render of the same bottle with each label the client. The labels are not simple rectangles.   Should I:    "model" each label and wrap it on the bottle, or  try to map each label image to a portion of the bottle's surface?    I've seen lots of tutorials showing option #2, but something is telling me that the glass of the bottle should be separate from the "paper" label.  Also, with #1, couldn't I use the same bottle blend file and use a different layer for the each label, then turn on a different layer for each new render?  Maybe there's an even better strategy?  thanks, Hyperspace travel is a norm in Star Wars universe. Even small ships have that capability and without this capability galactic-scale economy isn't possible.  My educated estimates say that at any point of time at least billions of ships are in hyperspace across the galaxy. Now, talk about economic hubs like Coruscant during Clone Wars Era. The number of ships arriving here should be enormous. Millions in an hour? If one person small ship can have warping capability, then the number can exceed even billions in a peak hour. You can go shopping on a neighbor planet five times a day or you can live on a cheap planet even if you have a job on Coruscant (there are public transport cabs featured in Rebels TV show in case you aren't rich enough to have own ship).  Now, the famous quote:     "Traveling through hyperspace ain't like dusting crops, boy! Without precise calculations we could fly right through a star or bounce too close to a supernova, and that'd end your trip real quick, wouldn't it?"   That's fine. Calculations prevent you from hitting a star, supernova or planet which are already on map, but how does a ship avoid hitting another ship? Provided that number of ships arriving near a planet is that much high, the probability of two ships jumping to the same co-ordinate can't be zero. In fact, the probability should be very very high.  Is there a central body which controls the traffic by coordinating the hyperspace calculations of different ships? This seems unlikely because everyone seems to go anywhere they want while maintaining the destination privacy (there are countless examples). Or, is there really a traffic control body and those who travel privately actually gamble? Is there any other protocol if not traffic control body?  Has the canon ever addressed it? What about Legends? How to plot a graph from its adjacency matrix and coordinates of vertices? A similar question is . If we give all the data of the vertices's coordinates and the graph's adjacency matrix, how to plot it with tikz, pstrick or other tool in tex?   here are the data of adjacency matrix and coordinates  Coordinates:{{0.809,0.588},{0.309,0.951},{-0.309,0.951},{-0.809,0.588},{-1.,0.},{-0.809,-0.588},{-0.309,-0.951},{0.309,-0.951},{0.809,-0.588},{1.,0.}}  Adjacency matrix: {{0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1},{1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0},{0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0},{0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1},{1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0},{0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1},{1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0},{0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,0},{0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1},{1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0}}   Sometimes the number of data is too large to put the data in the main tex file. It would be better to import the data from external files. . Does it make sense to interact 2 dummy variables? Tool for cleaning LaTeX code Is there something like indent for LaTeX? I have a collaborator that is using Scientific Workplace and the code it produces is totally messed up; I know I shouldn't expect miracles, but any machine support would be useful.  EDIT: This question is quite undefined without my comment to KeithB's answer; the idea is to save VC-friendly one sentence/one paragraph per text file line structure which SWT "fixes" by wrapping everything into fixed column width format. How to ensure all data has been physically written to disk? I understand that .NET FileStream's Flush method only writes the current buffer to disk, but dependent on Windows' disk driver and the hard disk firmware this is no guarantee that the data is actually physically written to disk.  Is there a .NET or Win32 method that can give me this guarantee? So if there is power loss one nanosecond after the call to this method comes back, I can still be sure that everything is OK? How can I remove a suggestion from the Chrome address bar? I've got a couple of URL autocomplete suggestions where Chrome suggests the wrong URL consistently.   How can I delete the incorrect entry from the address bar's suggestion list? The page I want shows up too but it's never the first result. Repeat String - Javascript Suppose we have a natural number $n \ge 0$.  Given natural numbers $\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_k$ such that   $k\le n$ $\sum_i \alpha_i = n$   what is the maximum value that $\Pi_i \alpha_i$ can take?  I'm quite sure that there is a theorem telling me the result, but I cannot find it. For sure an upper bound is $n^k$ but I'm searching for a real upper bound. I'm pretty sure that upper the bound should be $n^2$, but I don't know I could prove it. Benefit of date in URL segments I was curious about the date in URL segments, is there any SEO point of benefit? For example the following URLs:  http://techcrunch.com/2013/06/18/netflix-will-launch-in-the-netherlands-later-this-year-as-its-international-expansion-slows/ http://tips-for-new-bloggers.blogspot.in/2007/02/adding-favicon-icon-to-blogger-url.html  https://community.jivesoftware.com/blogs/jivespace/2013/05/15/eol-of-the-html5-ipad-web-app   In all the above URLs there is date segment. The information of those blogs can be fetched via blog stub like "netflix-will-launch-in-the-netherlands-later-this-year-as-its-international-expansion-slows" so why to use that date part?