What are some examples of English words that got taken into use in a foreign language in a changed state, and then subsequently re-entered the English language in state B or even state C.
Wikipedia mentions several English words that have been :   Anime comes from animation and has been reborrowed into English to mean Japanese-style animation. Puroresu comes from professional wrestling and is a term for Japanese-style professional wrestling. Kosupure comes from cosplay (an abbreviation of costume play) and refers to the practice of dressing in costumes of anime and video game characters.    Do you know other examples of word reborrowings from Japanese or other languages back into English, or vice versa?
How do I escape a single quote in SQL Server? What conservation law corresponds to Lorentz boosts? Noether's Theorem is used to relate the invariance of the action under certain continuous transformations to conserved currents. A common example is that translations in spacetime correspond to the conservation of four-momentum.  In the case of angular momentum, the tensor (in special relativity) has 3 independent components for the classical angular momentum, but 3 more independent components that, as far as I know, represent Lorentz boosts. So, what conservation law corresponds to invariance under Lorentz boosts? As a part of this script, I need to be able to check if the first argument given matches the first word of file. If it does, exit with an error message; if it doesn't, append the arguments to the file. I understand how to write the if statement, but not how to use grep within a script. I understand that grep will look something like this  grep ^$1 schemas.txt   I feel like this should be much easier than I am making it.  I'm getting an error "too many arguments" on the if statement. I got rid of the space between grep -q and then got an error binary operator expected.   if [ grep -q ^$1 schemas.txt ] then         echo "Schema already exists. Please try again"         exit 1 else         echo "$@" &gt;&gt; schemas.txt fi Is there any difference between “which” and “that”? Payment from Apple for developer As a non-native speaker, I feel that it is ridiculous that can and can't could sound so similar in American accent.  Just now, I was just listening to a video in which the speaker with an American accent says     Fat cells can't reproduce themselves.   The speaker dragged the word "can't" longer for emphasis, but perhaps as a result, what I heard at first was     Fat cells can reproduce themselves.   Of course from the context I later figured out what he was really saying, but I felt extremely surprised by how these two words which literally mean the opposite could sound so similar in American accent. How is that not affecting American people's daily conversations? As a non-native speaker, is there a way for me to further clarify them when my listeners are confused? (Like when you say "one-eight" to clarify that you were trying to say "eighteen" as opposed to "eighty".) "Pending" vs "Impending". Are they synonyms? They appear to me to mean almost if not exactly the same thing, but I am not sure. Are there differences in meaning between them? Reduce Spacing In $$ In math, one often needs to put a letter inside the symbols &lt;&gt;, e.g. to denote a cyclic group &lt;x&gt; generated by some element x. However, plain text displays the symbols &lt; and &gt; as an upside down exclamation point and an upside down question mark, respectively, while math type displays a large space like so:  &lt; x &gt;    Is there some way to reduce this spacing? If photons have no mass, how can they have momentum? As an explanation of why a large gravitational field (such as a black hole) can bend light, I have heard that light has momentum. This is given as a solution to the problem of only massive objects being affected by gravity. However, momentum is the product of mass and velocity, so, by this definition, massless photons cannot have momentum.  How can photons have momentum?   How is this momentum defined (equations)? Does anyone have a Terminal command-line recipe for making a new bootable USB flash drive for one of the new MacBook Air's?  Is there a way to dd copy the USB boot device that comes in the box and make the new copy bootable?  I'd like to make a new backup copy of the USB rescue device for my MBA, preferably on a much larger flash drive with room for a backup of some of my working directories.  Added:  And is it possible to make, not just a rescue drive, but a bootable USB drive that will boot a fully updated version of the OS (say 10.6.8 or later)?  If so how on a MacBook Air 11, and how big a USB stick will this require? Prove that if $n$ is a natural number and $(3n+1)$ &amp; $(4n+1)$ are both perfect squares, then $56$ will divide $n$.   Clearly we have to show that $7$ and $8$ both will divide $n$.  I considered first $3n+1=a^2$ and $4n+1=b^2$. $4n+1$ is a odd perfect square.  - so we have $4n+1\equiv 1\pmod{8}$; from this $2|n$ so $3n+1$ is a odd perfect square.  - so $3n+1\equiv 1\pmod{8}$ so $8|n$ but I can't show $7|n$. How do I show this?  Thanks for the help. I love the game Terraria for PC and played it for ages. Now I saw Terraria on the PS3-Store and gave it a shot. After some wandering around I saw something like a snow-biome and realised later on, that I was on a floating Island. I haven't played much of Terraria the last months, but this stuff seems kind of new. In addition I haven't found the (current) differences between the PC and the Consoleversion. Is there just one (upcoming?) Patch missing on the PC? What's included or - like the title said - what are the current differences (besides the splitscreen-feature of course)? How can I make 3D Text in Russian? I've seen a similar question on BSE about entering foreign languages into 3D Text, but it doesn't help. I've tried using two different fonts (both of which support Russian). I've tried enabling International Fonts in Blender's User Preferences, but it doesn't work as well. It either types English text with Greek letters or displays empty vertical rectangles.   If anyone has been able to add text in any foreign language, please let me know.  I actually found out that it can be easily done through Text Editor, which would be probably the best way for me since I would prefer to paste my text. Can anyone perhaps guide me through? Updated Ubuntu 16.04, now I'm running Kali? Updated Ubuntu 16.04 today using the software updater. Now my PC is running Kali? There were something like 2Gb of updates, which I thought at first was because I haven't updated in a while. Now I'm thinking that it was downloading Kali. Here's a  of the new boot-up process.  The screen will continue to flicker for another 30 seconds or so, then stop flickering leaving the text on the screen. I tried switching the display manager from gdm to lightdm, which will boot me straight to the console and without flickering, but still no desktop.  I'm not altogether sure how I managed to accomplish this. It must have been when I was trying to get Katoolin running.  Any tips as to how I can either get the desktop or revert the updates?  Contents of cat /etc/lsb-rolling:  DISTRIB_ID=Kali DISTRIB_RELEASE=kali-rolling DISTRIB_CODENAME=kali-rolling DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Kali GNU/Linux Rolling" Why don't we consider jerk in physics classes? When I got more into physics, I started asking myself if just like acceleration represents the growth of speed, something else could also represent the growth of acceleration itself. And it came that is exists and is called jerk. Before I thought about this, I thought that acceleration was the highest derivative that made sense on physics.  My question is, why can we perform accurate calculations without account for jerk? I never needed it in a single physics class! I've also read that it is seldom used.  Also, while position, speed and acceleration seem familiar to me due to everyday experience, why doesn't jerk seem familiar to me? I never tell someone when driving a car "you're jerking too much", whereas I could say "you are accelerating too much".  Is it that jerk has little influence because it is almost constant? Even if it is not, what about higher order derivatives? Why don't derivatives higher than acceleration have much influence on calculations? We perform a lot of reasoning in everyday life without resorting to it! How does Linux handle multiple consecutive path separators (/home////username///file)? I'm working on a python script that passes file locations to an scp subprocess. That's all fine, but I'm in a situation where I may end up concatenating a path with a filename such that there's a double '/ in the path. I know that bash doesn't care if you have multiple file separators, but I'm wondering how exactly that is rectified. Is it bash that strips extra /s or does it really not matter ever?  I ask because it will save me several lines of code to check for extra /s while concatenating. I know it's not a big deal, but I'm curious as well. I have a bash script that has the line cd //usr (instead of cd /usr), which seems to imply there might be a significance to using multiple /s in a path Not an essential singularity The following is an old qualifying exam that I cannot solve:  Suppose $f$ is holomorphic on the punctured unit disk and $ \frac{f '}{f} $ has a simple pole at $0$.  Show that $f$ does not have an essential singularity at $0$. event.preventDefault() vs. return false I can't distinguish the difference in meaning between these  two sentences.   It really doesn't matter.  It doesn't  really matter.    It seems that there is a nuanced difference, but I cannot see what this is. Custom question lists April status update Previous posts:                           After a long hiatus, a new Custom Question Lists update is out with a fresh new design.  What's shipped?  If you are participating in the Custom Question List alpha (by ), you'll see some brand new UI components when viewing question lists:  New tab bar and editor    Based on your feedback, we decided to rethink the whole UI, removing some confusing and redundant components, and bringing back some much loved pieces.  The new design is closer to "the existing question lists with advanced options" than "a radically new experience".  Huge shoutouts to our new designer, , for making this new design possible and to  for picking up development while I was on sabbatical!  Some important notes for existing testers:   The summary is back in its rightful place next to the tab bar.  If bounty or unanswered filters applied, the summary provides a clearer explanation of what you're looking at, inspired by /unanswered. The "Filter" and "Sort" popovers are gone. Sort was too similar to the existing tabs, and Filter was a form in a popover. (how were you supposed to submit or cancel?)  Now there's a dedicated UI for filtering. The complex "Create" and "Edit" modals are gone.  Now you just configure your list with the same UI as if you were filtering and click "Save filter" when you're ready to save. You can preview your changes before updating a filter.  Editing a saved filter and clicking apply shows you your new options while remembering what filter you were looking at.  You can then click "Save filter" to either update your existing filter or create a new one. We handle responsive better.  The tab bar has been set up so it compresses more naturally on narrower browsers and mobile devices.   New sidebar widget    A new right-sidebar widget has been added, similar to Watched Tags, to give you more direct access to your saved lists.  This is where indicators will live in Phase 3 (which I swear we are actually going to ship).  Please give it a try.  If you have any questions, bugs, or feedback, you can reply to this post directly or add a new question with the  tag.  A wider alpha  Since we're nearing launch, we're expanding the alpha out to the whole network.  So feel free to try this out on any site you frequent, to help suss out any site-specific issues.  What's next?  As always, Phase 3 of this project is adding indicators for new content, now in the right sidebar widget.  There's increasing interest in this feature from Enterprise, so I do really expect this to ship and get out of Alpha sooner rather than later and this time, I mean it.