I want to upgrade my s2 to lollipop but before that I want to backup my stock rom so that if in future I can reinstall it. Even tell me about best method of rooting I9100 and from where I can download lollipop for i9100. Currently I am running jellybean 4.1.2 version on my s2. You can also suggest me any other good ROM.
I know I'm asking for the close-to-impossible -- as a real full-backup certainly requires root permissions. But still there are many folks around not wanting to root their devices -- afraid of voiding their warranties or bricking their devices, or just not having their devices supported by any rooting method.  I also know there were a lot of questions asked already on this topic, and I checked all of them having the backup tag -- none covers the entire topic, all just have pieces, and especially people new to Android (but other non-power-users as well) would have a hard time figuring out the best way.  So I want a detailed canonical answer to the question:  Not involving root-solutions, how to achieve a backup as close as possible to a full backup?  Please do not give simple one-liner answers like "Use app xyz [full-stop]." If mentioning an app (and I doubt a single app would be the answer here), include what parts are covered by it -- as well as ideas on how to fill the gaps it leaves. (And to make it absolutely clear: I know the first thing coming to mind is Titanium Backup -- I use it myself, but this does not apply here: This question is strictly about methods for non-rooted devices!) Moreover, the answer should be as generic as possible in terms of applying to a wide range of devices (i.e. it should not be restricted to one device or manufacturer).  I already mentioned having investigated all questions here tagged backup. These will certainly be helpful providing details for answers here, so I will list up the topmost ones concerning my question:            All these provide some details for my question (so feel free to get inspired by them) -- but I feel there are still details missing. Also it would be helpful to have a summary -- say, an answer including the full description of "the maximum possible".  A last criterium: While I'd consider cloud-based solutions legit, I'd favour local solutions. If you can provide both: all the better. But some people value privacy quite high (I'm one of them), and thus would not trust their data to some cloud service.    Thanks to Ryan, we now have a solution for a really complete backup of all apps and their data -- which I didn't dare to hope for! The only disadvantage: His solution only works for less than 10% of all Android users; namely those whose devices are running at least with Android 4.x.  So again, I ask the close-to-impossible: Any solutions applicable at least on Gingerbread (2.3.x) or, better, even Froyo (2.2.x) -- so they cover the majority of current devices? These solutions may involve multiple tools (try to keep it as simple as possible though; think of your mother to follow your instructions ;)  And keep in mind: NO ROOT!    To further motivate high-quality answers (and hopefully avoid low-quality ones), I will be a harsh one here: As I rarely do, I will down-vote answers not fitting the mentioned criteria on one end -- but on the other end, I will setup a bounty for the best answer (which cannot be done immediately, but earliest after 2 days).
Is there a way to have Cycles skip rendering alpha? Prove that neither $A$ nor $B$ is divisible by $5$ Number of pairs of strings satisfying the given condition We are provided with a string A (may contain repeated characters as well ). One needs to make all possible permutations of A , and find out how many pairs of strings chosen from these permutations are not similar.  Two strings are similar if we can make both of them exactly same by carrying out at most 1 swap in each of them .  Example :- if we are provided with string abcd  , then for permutation abcd , the permutations which are not similar to it are bcda , bdac , cadb , cdba , dabc , dcab . Similar is the case for other permuations as well. So overall number of desired pairs are 24*6=144 .  I tried solving it for each possible pair by approach mentioned here     But as the permutations can be large enough , I need a better approach of solving this. What are some efficient ways to combine two structures in MATLAB? I want to combine two structures with differing fields names.  For example, starting with:  A.field1 = 1; A.field2 = 'a';  B.field3 = 2; B.field4 = 'b';   I would like to have:  C.field1 = 1; C.field2 = 'a'; C.field3 = 2; C.field4 = 'b';   Is there a more efficient way than using "fieldnames" and a for loop?  EDIT: Let's assume that in the case of field name conflicts we give preference to A. The event horizon of a black hole is where gravity is such that not even light can escape. This is also the point I understand that according to Einstein time dilation will be infinite for a far-away-observer.  If this is the case how can anything ever fall into a black hole.  In my thought experiment I am in a spaceship with a powerful telescope that can detect light at a wide range of wavelengths.  I have it focused on the black hole and watch as a large rock approaches the event horizon.  Am I correct in saying that from my far-away-position the rock would freeze outside the event horizon and would never pass it? If this is the case how can a black hole ever consume any material, let alone grow to millions of solar masses.  If I was able to train the telescope onto the black hole for millions of years would I still see the rock at the edge of the event horizon?  I am getting ready for the response of the object would slowly fade.  Why would it slowly fade and if it would how long would this fading take?  If it is going to red shift at some point would the red shifting not slow down to a standstill? This question has been bugging me for years!  OK - just an edit based on responses so far.  Again, please keep thinking from an observers point of view.  If observers see objects slowly fade and slowly disappear as they approach the event horizon would that mean that over time the event horizon would be "lumpy" with objects invisible, but not passed through?  We should be able to detect the "lumpiness" should we not through? Can a Rogue (D&D 3.5) use sneak attack on both the first and second attack? Chat is down. Where can I find when it'll be back up? Chat is down network-wide. Where can I find when it'll be back up? Scheduling a Batch job at a particular time I have a Apex batch class which I would like to schedule at a particular date time. The date time is stored in a variable and changes dynamically. ex Datatime scduleDateTime = datetime.now() ; I want to schedule the apex batch file to run at this datetime variable value.  How can I do that using system.scheduleBatch()  I started with this but could'nt see how I can specify a datetime variable in here:  datetime d = datetime.now(); sampleapexbatch b = new sampleapexbatch(d); System.scheduleBatch(b,'Sample Job',XXXXXXXX)   Any help is appreciated! I'm trying to create a join/relate in QGIS where I have a shapefile of buildings and to that I would like to join a non-spatial table (.csv-file) containing people who work in each building. So I have multiple records in my table that I would like to be able to join to my single features in my shapefile. I can only run a join in QGIS where the first record is joined to the shapefile feature (ie building) but subsequent records get removed. Could someone let me know how to complete this join/relate in QGIS? I am looking to replicate black &amp; white maps in QGis, using hatching patterns and greyscales to indicate different categories of a continuous variable (example below).  It is possible/straightforward to do so in QGis? At first sight I only see color gradients and symbol fills.   ). The use of imaginary and complex values comes up in many physics and engineering derivations. I have a question about that: Is the use of complex numbers simply to make the process of derivation easier, or is it an essential ingredient, without which it would be impossible to derive some results?   I can identify two different settings where the answer may be different:   It doesn't look like it is mandatory for results in Newtonian mechanics, General Relativity and classical electrodynamics. Can we say the same thing about quantum mechanics either way for sure?   Could this be a difference in quantum mechanics over the classical picture? Android reading from .txt File created in src folder youtube-dl failed to extract signature (Reference : Fraleigh, A first course in abstract algebra)     Prove that a nonempty set $G$, together with an associative binary operation * on $G$ such that $a*x=b$ and $y*a=b$ have solutions in G, $\forall a,b\in G$, is a group.   Because * is an associatie operation, we have to prove that: there exists $e\in G$ such that $e*a=a=a*e$ for any $a\in G$, and that for any $a\in G$ there exists $\alpha \in G$ such that $a*\alpha=e=\alpha *a$.  This is very confusing, first I tried to prove the identity exists. If we consider a=b, then $a*x=a=y*a$, and because of the hypothesis $x,y\in G$ always exists, now we have to show that $x=y$, but I just can't do this with out inverses, so I tried to prove that the inverses exists, however I have no idea how the identity looks like, I'm stuck.  And I tried to get unstuck, so I thought particular cases, first if $G$ had only one element, then what would happend if it had just two elements... but I remembered that we don't know if G is finite or not, and I think this makes things a little bit more complicated.  What can I do? EDIT:  It seems that I've also had edits that stacked well, so I'm not sure if I had a timing problem, or was just delusional.  The one thing that can be fixed, that I'll turn this question into, is a feature request so that when I go to re-edit (either within the 5-minute grace period, or before a suggested edit is approved), it brings up the old edit summary text.  Right now, it brings up a blank edit summary, and this replaced the first one I did.  This isn't really intuitive, and even knowing that's what it's doing, I still forget to put everything in.  Original Question:  It has happened a few times now, when on a site where I don't have edit privileges, that I make an edit.  I then see that the edit didn't work quite right, so I go back in to re-edit it.  This creates a brand new edit review, with an additional useless summary. How about we have the same grace period to re-edit your up-for-review edit, as there is for a normal edit? Of course, it wouldn't be possible once it's been approved. Yesterday, I've listened to a song called "Fear not this night". I find the syntax unusual (as a foreigner, I have never encountered it). Is it the same meaning as "Don't fear this night" ? What's the slight difference between these 2 ?  Thank you for your time. How can I copy the contents of a folder to another folder in a different directory using terminal? I am trying to copy the contents of a folder to another folder in a different directory using terminal.  Would somebody be able to provide me an example of the command line syntax required to achieve this? A couple of months ago, I suggested a set of badges for . The responses were... mixed. The  can be summarized:  In practice, all this would do is encourage people to ask yet more stupid, worthless questions and we have quite enough of that as it is.  We believe that one of the main things holding back many of our beta sites is that when people have questions they aren't in the habit of asking on the site. Even our flagship site, Stack Overflow, doesn't get many questions from its most knowledgeable users. Perhaps they don't have questions, but far more likely they find answers without needing to ask. Our subtle bias against asking (questions =&gt; clueless) means we lose out on what might be our best source of excellent questions. So we went back to the drawing board and designed a badge set that should not encourage worthless questions:  Asked a well-received question on X separate days, and maintained a positive question record.  In order to award badges, we need to define our terms:  positive question record   (total questions - negative questions - closed - deleted)/total questions &gt;= 0.5  It triple counts a question that is downvoted, closed, and deleted. If you ask one that hits that trifecta, you'll need to ask three better questions to dig yourself out. My own record of asking does not meet the criteria:   (44 - 0 - 12 - 12)/44 = 0.4545...  My  looks a lot better; I had a bunch of questions from the beta period that have been subsequently (and rightfully) deleted. With care, I could bring my record into positive territory with 4 questions. The takeaway is that people can't sweep past indiscretions under the rug by deleting them. And they can recover from a bad start as long as they don't ask more bad questions.  well-received question on X separate days A well-received question is one that's open, not deleted, and has a score &gt; 0. If you ask at least one well-received question in a  and none of your questions that day are deleted, downvoted, or closed, you get one more day of credit toward the badge. Whenever the badge criteria is checked, previous asking days are re-evaluated so that there's an incentive to fix downvoted and/or closed questions. The no-deleted-questions criteria is to prevent people from asking several questions at once and deleting any that aren't upvoted or answered to ask another day. (Though this is a losing strategy in the long run.)   My proposed badge names and levels:  Asked a well-received question on 5 separate days, and maintained a positive question record.  Asked a well-received question on 30 separate days, and maintained a positive question record.  Asked a well-received question on 100 separate days, and maintained a positive question record. In addition, since some outstanding individuals ask on more than 100 days, the gold badge may be awarded multiple times. Over on English, Oishi-sama (now a ) would have a remarkable . Bronze and silver badges are only awarded once. We've decided to hold off on multiple awards for now. See the . Neither the names nor the levels nor even the descriptions are set in stone. Please play around with  to get an idea of how the badge works using our public data. Since the query does not account for deleted questions, it's a bit more generous than the actual badges would be. This version of the badge set should encourage a habit of well-received questions over time and encourage people to fix poorly received questions.  I'd like to express my gratitude to the Parenting community for participating in our . I have equations inside an environment which has a larger left-margin than the main text (analogous to an enumerate/itemize environment, implemented with the changepage package's adjustwidth environment). Just as equations in enumerate/itemize behave, the equations are centered with respect to the entire text, rather than just the width of the container environment. I want the latter behavior.  I'm trying to accomplish this by wrapping all display-math in minipages. Namely, I'm modifying the mathdisplay environment in amsmath.sty as follows:  \makeatletter \let\oldmd\mathdisplay \def\mathdisplay#1{%   \newline   \begin{minipage}{\textwidth-\@totalleftmargin}%     \oldmd{#1}% } \let\oldendmd\endmathdisplay \def\endmathdisplay#1{%   \oldendmd{#1}%   \end{minipage} } \makeatother   This is almost working, but there are some issues with spacing which I don't understand how to fix. Here's how the the normal \[ ... \] and numbered \begin{equation} ... \end{equation} look with the above modification:      My main confusion is why the numbered version is behaving so differently from the unnumbered. But all in all I want to fix this so that the spacing above and below is even as it usually is. Any help is appreciated, thanks.  Edit: Here's a compilable example:  \documentclass{amsart}  \usepackage{lipsum} \usepackage{calc} \usepackage{changepage}  \makeatletter \let\oldmd\mathdisplay \def\mathdisplay#1{%   \newline   \begin{minipage}{\textwidth-\@totalleftmargin}%     \oldmd{#1}% } \let\oldendmd\endmathdisplay \def\endmathdisplay#1{%   \oldendmd{#1}%   \end{minipage} } \makeatother  \setlength{\parindent}{0pt}  \begin{document}  \lipsum[1]  \begin{adjustwidth}{20pt}{} \lipsum[2] \[ x \mapsto \hom(-,x) \]  \lipsum[3] \begin{equation}   y \mapsto \hom(y,-) \end{equation} \lipsum[4] \end{adjustwidth}  \lipsum[5]  \end{document} I'm looking for a short story from about 50 years ago about a robot who escapes after being slated to be melted down and discovers while in hiding that it has evolved to have some supernatural powers.