I am a PhD student in a quantitative social science field. For the first study of my dissertation, I was given the opportunity to ask some questions that could be applied to an ongoing survey. Affiliated researchers have already used some of this data for a short commentary/descriptive article, and there is interest to apply the data in a slightly different 'modelling' study.  However, the underlying study design leaves much to be desired. Although the sample is relatively large, it is a convenience sample from only a fraction of all possible survey sites in the population. There is no opportunity to expand the data collection process. The data itself is unlikely to have measurement error, but almost any estimate produced from the dataset is highly likely to suffer from sampling bias.  Nevertheless, I realize this is a somewhat 'common' situation graduate student find themselves in. There is active interest from the affiliated partners to carry out the study, the design isn't 'ideal', and there are logistical considerations of invested time (or as I see it, sunk cost fallacy).  While I have many questions, I think the most straightforward is: should I attempt to make 'lemonade out of lemons' or 'stand my ground' that such a modelling study would be inappropriate?   Other potential information:   Supervisor is 'ardent' that such a study should be carried out I have sought out external input as to what methods would be 'most' appropriate, there are some that might be 'less' worrisome than others
I am a PhD student in mechE. After paying the first year tuition out of pocket, I accepted a PhD project due to desperation for funding. However, after an year I realized that I hate the project. Here I made a mistake of not leaving/changing the project, I just waited out hoping I would like the project. I also asked my advisor a couple for a different project and he did not want to change my project due to sponsor obligations. For some reason I couldn’t assert myself and stayed on. However my hate for the project only grew with time and now I am in my fifth year. I have reached a stage where I absolutely hate the project and don’t know what to do. I can hardly do any work. I feel like quitting everyday and still feel it is wrong to quit this late. I have a very substandard thesis. I am lost and feel stuck, please advise on what to do. Thanks
Is a passport needed when flying within Mexico as a U.S permanent resident? How do I remotely wake my Mac over Wi-Fi? How many individual lights can an arduino control I want to use a regular Arduino board to control LEDs - what is the most lights I can control individually from the board?  Is there a tutorial on how to hook it up? I am using &lt;a&gt; tags for links on a web page. How do I disable the Tab key from selecting either of them? Transcendental Extensions. $F(\alpha)$ isomorphic to $F(x)$ Let $E$ be an extension field of $F$ and $\alpha \in E$. Then $\alpha$ is transcendental over $F$ if and only if $F(\alpha)$ is isomorphic to $F(x)$, the field of fractions of $F[x]$.   This was a theorem in an abstract algebra textbook with a very brief proof. Can someone please explain why this theorem holds? I'm having difficulty grasping the concepts at hand.  Thanks! Who should own files shared by a group and where should they go Name of component on output side cable of a DC power adapter? Is it possible to bake dupliverts into one mesh for the BGE? (I have a large ground landscape that I use as the parent to duplicate trees, and the BGE doesn't support most modifiers.) Consider the following piece of Markdown code:  This is some regular text.      &gt;&gt;&gt; def factorial(n):     ...     return 1 if n &lt; 2 else n * factorial(n - 1)     ...   * This is a list item.      &gt;&gt;&gt; def factorial(n):     ...     return 1 if n &lt; 2 else n * factorial(n - 1)     ...    Notice that the second code block is preceded by a list item.   Why is the factorial code not properly formatted under these circumstances? To demonstrate the problem, I'll insert the Markdown code show above:    This is some regular text.  &gt;&gt;&gt; def factorial(n): ...     return 1 if n &lt; 2 else n * factorial(n - 1) ...     This is a list item                 def factorial(n):       ...     return 1 if n &lt; 2 else n * factorial(n - 1)       ...               This applies to numbered as well as unnumbered lists. Three inches of snow is/are expected? I'm thinking that the singular verbs "is" and "has" are correct below because we're referring to a singular lump of precipitation. Although the subject "inches" is plural, I think the singular verbs are correct below. We wouldn't say, "Fifty dollars are a lot of money." I think this is basically the same concept.  Good for the singular verbs below?  One to 3 inches of snow "is" expected. (Not: ... are expected.)  Ten inches of snow "has" fallen. (Not: ... have fallen.) Lost passport with Schengen visa Last semester I picked up an algebra course at my university, which unfortunately was scheduled during my exams of my major (I'm a computer science major). So I had to self study the material, however, the self written syllabus was not self study friendly (good syllabus overall though).  The course was split up into 3 parts, group theory, ring theory and field theory. As a computer science major we only had to study the first 2.  Now that I passed the exam for this course I want to study the field theory part ( which covers Galois theory, etc).  So, now I want to ask whether any of you know any good books on abstract algebra, which lift off at basic ring theory and continue to more advanced ring theory and to finite fields, Galois theory, ...  Please keep in mind that I am not a math major, and that I would like books which are suited for self study (thus a lot of examples and intuition).  Thanks in advance! Is a 1st-level spell cast using a 4th-level slot a 1st-level spell, or a 4th-level spell? As the title says: Is a 1st-level spell cast using a 4th-level slot a 1st-level spell, or a 4th-level spell? What is serial voting and how does it affect me? the numer of partial function between two sets in combinatoric way $A$ and $B$ two sets. $|A|=k, |B|=n.$ I need to prove in a combinatoric way that the number of partial function from $A$ to $B$ is $(n+1)^k.$ I thing the number is $Σ(n^i),$ for $i=0$ to $k.$ but I have no idea how to show equality, and how to prove it in a combinatoric way.  If someone can show me the way or guide me that will be great!  thanks for helpers. Retagging questions in terms of possible answer technologies When entering the title of this query I was pointed to , which has tentatively endorsed this concept, especially once an answer has been accepted.  Can I get a confirmation that it is actually good practice before an answer has been accepted? (IMHO it is not.)  Two examples:   : I didn't need a WCF answer, which I would have assumed if I had seen the question tagged with WCF even if I didn't mention it in the question or title.   : It looks probable that the answer (if there is one) is related to AOP, but the questioner does not require it. Let's say you want to save a bunch of files somewhere, for instance in BLOBs. Let's say you want to dish these files out via a web page and have the client automatically open the correct application/viewer.  Assumption: The browser figures out which application/viewer to use by the mime-type (content-type?) header in the HTTP response.  Based on that assumption, in addition to the bytes of the file, you also want to save the MIME type.  How would you find the MIME type of a file? I'm currently on a Mac, but this should also work on Windows.   Does the browser add this information when posting the file to the web page?  Is there a neat python library for finding this information? A WebService or (even better) a downloadable database? I just wrote code for this, and I got it a little bit ugly. Can you help me to fix this. And how to change those nands for not, like it is on nand 3,4,5? Please help!  PS. What I mean by these nands for not or whatever this is Help removing subsection and subsubsection numbers from Table of Contents TOC Hello I am trying to further modify my TOC.  I got an answer  as to how I could remove the \section numbers on the left side of the TOC and now I would like to expand that.  I would like to remove the left-hand numbering for \subsection and \subsubsection as well but I do not know how.  (I also want to keep these numbers out of the document and I am using \def\sectionformat{} to do that)  Also, my TOC is slightly over one page and so I would like to adjust the spacing from 2 to 1.5,  is there any way to do this?    \documentclass[12pt, a4paper, twoside]{article}     \usepackage{baskervald}     \usepackage[margin=1in,bindingoffset=15.5mm,heightrounded]{geometry}     \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     \usepackage[notes]{biblatex-chicago}     \usepackage{filecontents}     \usepackage{microtype}     \usepackage{url}     \usepackage{makeidx}     \usepackage{indentfirst}     \usepackage{setspace}     \usepackage{chngcntr}\counterwithin*{footnote}{section}     \newcommand*{\textsubscript}[1]{$#1{}$}     \DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{references = {Works Cited}}     \DeclareBibliographyCategory{primary}     \makeindex     \addbibresource{bibliography.bib}     \makeatletter     \let\latexl@section\l@section     \def\l@section#1#2{\begingroup\let\numberline\@gobble\latexl@section{#1}{#2}\endgroup}     \def\@seccntformat#1{\ifcsname #1format\endcsname\else\csname the#1\endcsname\quad\fi}     \def\sectionformat{}     \def\subsectionformat{}     \def\subsubsectionformat{}     \makeatother     \author{}     \title{\vspace*{36 pt}\textbf{\emph{\Huge{Big Important Title}}}\vfill}     \date{}     \begin{document}     \tableofcontents     \section{Part I}     Hello World     \end{document} How does Natural Selection shape Genetic Variation? Background  Importance of the additive genetic variance  As stated , the fundamental theorem of Natural Selection (NS) by Fisher says:     The rate of increase in the mean fitness of any organism at any time ascribable to NS acting through changes in gene frequencies is exactly equal to its genetic variance in fitness at that time.   NS reduces the additive genetic variance  On the other hand, NS reduces additive genetic variance (discussion about the origin of this knowledge can be found ). The genetic variance of a population for multiple traits is best described by the G-matrix ( is a post on the subject).  What is a G-matrix  A G-matrix is a matrix where additive genetic variance of trait $i$ can be found at position $m_{ii}$. In other words, the diagonal contains the additive genetic variance for all traits. The other positions $m_{ij}$, where $i≠j$ contains the additive genetic covariance between the traits $i$ and $j$.  Question  How can one model how the G-matrix changes over time because of selection (assuming no mutation)?