during the last month i've dedicated myself to the study of Flask, a python framework for building web application.  Following different tutorials i've found online, I've discovered SQLAlchemy.   To be honest, i find it complicated and not really useful since i have a pretty good knowledge of SQL language.   What i want to understand is if there is any major gain in using ORM like SQLAlchemy that i'm missing (maybe some security issue in using pure sql that i don't know about?).  Also, i would appreciate if you could advice me of what's the best python library for working with pure SQL queries.
For some of the apps I've developed (then proceeded to forget about), I've been writing plain SQL, primarily for MySQL.  Though I have used ORMs in python like , I didn't stick with them for long.  Usually it was either the documentation or complexity (from my point of view) holding me back.  I see it like this: use an ORM for portability, plain SQL if it's just going to be using one type of database. I'm really looking for advice on when to use an ORM or SQL when developing an app that needs database support.  Thinking about it, it would be far better to just use a lightweight wrapper to handle database inconsistencies vs. using an ORM.
Why *not* parse `ls` (and what to do instead)? Suppress Chrome 'Failed to load resource' messages in console Does an adjective or longer modifier apply to both nouns when they are joined with 'and' [or 'or']? For ridiculously small hard drives (8GB), what Ubuntu Based (although not necessarily official) distribution offers the smallest installed size?  Let me clarify: I still want a certain amount of personal file space, preferably a few gig. I also don't have a problem with performance, while it is mediocre, a 2.6GHz single-core and 1GB of ram suffice to run ubuntu fine, but i find that it  uses 6-7GB of space. I am aiming for closer to 4GB. Prevent malicious bots from posting spam I remember  due to misuse and I wonder if bots have a part of it. If the bot is POSTing something to my site what are ways I can combat it? I was thinking of setting some cookies and having the cookies changed via JavaScript + timestamp and sign (so yesterday's cookies can't be used today and next week).  I'm sure most people/bots would just use another site instead of enabling JavaScript in their bot.  What else can I do? I'm thinking daily POST limit and a honeypot for generic bots who just randomly post spam. Converting Older United States Dollar Bills Lead in ice block This is a strange question I would like to have some explanation accompanied with:  We have an ice block, with in it a lead block. This entire block is put into a glass of water, resulting in a rise of water level until the edge of the glass. The block stays floating on the surface. What will happen with the water level when the ice melts?  The answer is that it will drop, but how is this even true?? My thoughts are: - block floats on water, so rho(block) &lt; rho(water) - Archimedes law, the Fg of block = Fg of water pushed away. - Since a smaller volume of water has equal mass (and so Fg) to block, and ice is less dense than water, when it melts, no mass is lost, so it will take in less space??? Please help me with this point of thinking. I'm working through some old integrals and I found one that's interesting. I can't quite remember how it's proved, so if someone could set me off in the right direction, it would be really helpful. Thanks!   $\int_{\mathbb{R}} e^{-ax^2 + bx} dx = \sqrt{ \dfrac{\pi}{a}} e^{\frac{b^2}{4a}}$  I've tried change of variable, but I'm not sure this is the right approach. Cutting a circular hole in a hollow cylinder without distorting the cylinder Whenever I try to cut out a circular hole in either a cylinder or sphere the polygons around the circular hole always have distorted normals after smoothing. Is there anyway to fix this. I've tried using the remesh modifier but wind up with some pretty ugly results. What is the bug about: Keyword gets duplicated even when the query is not modified.  Impact: As far as i can tell - cosmetic.  How to replicate: Go to:  and keep pressing Search button. With each search there will be a duplicate python keyword appended to search box.  Best guess for what is causing it: I think you have somewhere a piece of code that appends tag as a keyword without checking if it is already present. My reasoning comes from this url:  not having the same issue - the tag is not present in it. How to allow to run su instantly after I added the user to the appropriate group I have the su executable with the following permissions:  bash-4.2# ls -la /bin/su -rws--s--- 1 root wheel 59930 Sep 14  2012 ./su   When I am logged in as a user, not in the wheel group and try to run su, I get an error, which is correct:  bash-4.2$ su bash: /bin/su: Permission denied   After that I add this user to wheel group from root:  bash-4.2# usermod -a -G wheel user   But for the same terminal session I still can't run su:  bash-4.2$ su bash: /bin/su: Permission denied   For the new sessions I can run su. How to allow to run su instantly after I added the user to the appropriate group? (1, eval)('this') vs eval('this') in JavaScript? 'Guest' vs 'Guest User License' in sites? No Time in Top Panel (Gnome Classic) I've been using Ubuntu with Gnome Classic for a while and I've noticed recently that in the "Indicator Applet Complete" in the Top Panel, my name and the clock have disappeared.    I think it happened a while ago when I was messing around with packages. Every time I did apt-get... it would say "the following packages can be removed by apt-get autoremove", so I did it and then the clock and my name stopped appearing.   Can anyone help me? Thanks. It would be greatly appreciated. Reputation in summary tab shows as blank instead of 0, if net result is zero I want to be able to  write the following in LaTeX      We make the further assumption that \begin{equation} \label{eqn:assumption} There is a bounded linear operator     $B:X\to X^*$ such that $B^*=B$ and the operator $JB$ is an extension of $T'(0)$\end{equation}   and get a nice output, in such a way that this whole chunk of text along with the math can be referenced later. Of course I can write text inside the equation environment using \text{}, but when I tried this the spacing was all wrong. Can anyone suggest a solution to this? I'm printing a tradeshow flyer and was wondering what type of paper I should print it on. I don't want anything glossy so I'm trying to decide on the following:   100# text weight matte 80# cover 80# matte   What is the difference between the types above? And how can I make a decision? First of all, I think this question is not duplicated, because I have tried all other solutions I found here, but nothing solved my problem.  I use Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit.  I have tried until now: sudo apt-get install skype -> It didn't work. The error was:   The following packages have unmet dependencies: skype : Depends: skype-bin E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.   I have tried sudo dpkg add-architecture &amp;&amp; sudo dpkg -i skype-ubuntu-precise_4.3.0.37-1_i386.deb but it didn't work either. The error was:  dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of skype: skype depends on libqt4-dbus (&gt;= 4:4.5.3); however: Package libqt4-dbus is not installed. skype depends on libqt4-network (&gt;= 4:4.8.0); however: Package libqt4-network:i386 is not installed. skype depends on libqt4-xml (&gt;= 4:4.5.3); however: Package libqt4-xml:i386 is not installed. skype depends on libqtcore4 (&gt;= 4:4.7.0~beta1); however: Package libqtcore4:i386 is not installed. skype depends on libqtgui4 (&gt;= 4:4.8.0); however: Package libqtgui4:i386 is not installed. skype depends on libqtwebkit4 (&gt;= 2.2~2011week36); however: skype depends on libstdc++6 (&gt;= 4.2.1); however: Package libstdc++6:i386 is not installed. skype depends on libx11-6; however: Package libx11-6:i386 is not installed. skype depends on libxext6; however: Package libxext6:i386 is not installed. skype depends on libxss1; however: Package libxss1:i386 is not installed. skype depends on libxv1; however: Package libxv1:i386 is not installed. skype depends on dpkg: error processing package skype (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.13-1) ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.10.1-0ubuntu2) ... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu1) ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.1+14.04.20140409-0ubuntu1) ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index... Processing triggers for mime-support (3.54ubuntu1) ... Errors were encountered while processing: skype   I have tried to use after sudo apt-get -f install but it didn't solve the issue.  I have tried to install by using Gdebi. The error was:  Cannot install 'libqtwebkit4:i386'   I have tried to install using Ubuntu Software Center. The error was:  Cannot install 'libqtwebkit4:i386'   I have tried changing the server in "Software and Updates". I have tried to use "Main Server" and "Servers for United States". But it couldn't solve my problem.  Anyone has any idea how to solve that?  SOLVED  Well, I formatted my pc and I installed Skype first of all. Probably another installation that I had done before the Skype installation was the problem, i guess.  Thanks people! How can I prove $\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{n^2}{2^n}=0$ How can I prove $\lim_{n \to \infty} \frac{n^2}{2^n}=0$  I tried to use $\mid \frac{n^2}{2^n} - 0 \mid &lt;\epsilon $ However, because of $n^2$ I cannot use it. Also, I tried to use ratio test and I got $\lim_{n-&gt;\infty}\frac{(n+1)^2}{2}\frac{1}{n^2}$, but after that one, I dont know how to get limit &lt; 0  I have no idea to solve this problem.   I can also use a squeez lemma, but dont know how to apply to this question. I'm running a witcheling, a changeling witch who, because of a GM's homebrew magic ring, can transform into a .  What effects does this pixie transformation have? Specifically...   Since I'm now Small, do I apply +1 to AC, +1 to attack rolls, –1 to CMB and CMD and +4 to Stealth? Am I able to cast spells while transformed? Do I lose my racial benefits while transformed? Am I still able to use weapons such as staff, longsword, or greatsword?