Within the scope of the problem of demarcation there seems to be an implicit distinction between pseudoscience and non-science. Trying to make explicit what such distinction might be, I wonder: Does the difference between pseudoscience and non-science amount simply to the fact that the former "pretends to be scientific" whereas the latter does not? --- What does it really mean for some theory "to pretend to be scientific"?  (And, could it be that theories we might consider pseudoscientific at present time, would turn in future into scientific ones (just as it happens from time to time with non-scientific theories that evolve into scientific ones?))
I've recently come across several statements to the effect "there are questions science can't answer", mostly from proponents of  and , but also from  and  as well.   However it seemed to me that there was an inherent contradiction in statements of the type "Science doesn't have all the answers" or "Science can't answer all questions". This is hinged on what is meant by "answering a question". It seems to me that to answer any significant question is to provide 2 things:    An accurate and objective explanation of the current state of affairs, in terms of relationships, causes and effects.  Based on that explanation, a method for making decisions if one is faced with future scenarios similar to or related to the current state of affairs, and for predicting future states of affairs with a certain amount probability, i.e the explanation is useful for future purposes.   But then if a field of inquiry is able to provide accurate, objective and useful information regarding a question, doesn't that field simply become part of science?   As examples:    If some school of mysticism is demonstrated to truly improve the happiness and well being of it's practitioners, then wouldn't that school's mystical teachings simply be incorporated into mainstream psychology and psychotherapy?  Similarly, if a political ideology is proven to provide better economic conditions and less crime, less pollution, etc...then this ideology's principles would become an accepted part of social sciences?     To put it more simply: Science has all the answers, because science IS anything that can provide objective and useful answers to a question.  Am I not talking about the demarcation problem per-se (at I least I think I am not), because even disciplines which are agreed upon as failing various demarcation criteria (such as astrology or intelligent design) are still trying (and failing) to be scientific in the sense I mentioned above. If they did start to provide answers, science would have to take them into account. Moreover, various philosophical schools of ethics are trying to be scientific in their explanatory framework, they are just not able to provide verifiable and falsifiable statements to prove their precepts (and probably would do so if possible).   My questions then are:    Per those who claim that science can't answer all questions, what type of question are they talking about? Do they have a demarcation criteria for such questions? (I'm not asking for examples, there are already plenty in the links I posted above).  If a field starts providing objective, accurate answers, doesn't it just become a subfield of science?   Is there a second demarcation problem between "carckpot" pseudosciences (such as astrology or numerology) which are providing the wrong answers and legitimate fields of inquiry (such as political theory or ethics) which are trying to provide answers but so far have failed to provide verifiable and falsifiable statements or accurate predictions?
Seo: Change the title of a page Lets say my website looks like this:  News -Hello world -Foo -Bar  So the parent page will list the last 3 news messages. For each news message there is a sub-page. For the parent page I was thinking of setting the page title to: News - Hello world, Foo, Bar.  Now if somebody adds a new message the title tag will also change. I googled this and read a few blog posts where people said that changing the title actually hurts the ranking of that page.  So is this true? Should I just set a static title tag for all my pages? Is there a way to force the iPhone to use its own microphone when connected to a Bluetooth speaker? I connect my phone to a Bluetooth speaker to play music. When engage Siri or try to use dictation, the phone wants to use the microphone on the Bluetooth device, which is either too crappy or too far away for it to understand what I am saying.  So, I would like a way to restrict the iPhone to using its own microphone even when connected to a Bluetooth speaker.  I am open to doing this via a setting, buying an app, or jailbreaking or whatever.  Is there a way to do this? Evaluating and proving $\lim\limits_{x\to\infty}\frac{\sin x}x$ I've just started learning about limits. Why can we say $$ \lim_{x\rightarrow \infty} \frac{\sin x}{x} = 0 $$ even though $\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty} \sin x$ does not exist?   It seems like the fact that sin is bounded could cause this, but I'd like to see it algebraically.   $$ \lim_{x\rightarrow \infty} \frac{\sin x}{x} =  \frac{\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty} \sin x} {\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty} x}   = ? $$  L'Hopital's rule gives a fraction whose numerator doesn't converge. What is a simple way to proceed here? Let $X_1$ and $X_2$ are independent $N(0, \sigma^2)$ random variables. What is the distribution of $X_1^2 + X_2^2$? Let $X_1$ and $X_2$ are independent $N(0, \sigma^2)$ which means (mean = 0, variance = $\sigma^2$) random variables. What is the distribution of $X_1^2 + X_2^2$?  My approach is that  $X_1\sim N(0, \sigma^2)$ and $X_2\sim N(0, \sigma^2)$  Then $X_1^2$ and $X_2^2$ have chi-squared distribution with 1 degree of freedom. (I am not sure the degree of freedom and not sure how to show it as well(please help on this))  Then I found the moment-generating function for $X_1^2$ and $X_2^2$;$$m_{X_1^2} = (1-2t)^{-1/2}$$ and $$m_{X_2^2} = (1-2t)^{-1/2}$$  So the moment generating function for $X_1^2 + X_2^2$ is $$m_{X_1^2}(t) m_{X_2^2}(t) = (1-2t)^{-2/2}$$  So $X_1^2 + X_2^2$ has a chi-squared distribution with 2 degrees of freedom. Is this correct? Should we have a subjective version of every Stack Exchange site? Example of a finitely generated module with submodules that are not finitely generated I'm looking for an example of a finitely generated module with submodules that are not finitely generated.  I've found  dealing with group (i.e. an example of a finitely generated group with subgroups that are not finitely generated). But I can't figure out whether that question do help to this one.  And I actually want to find a more "module-like" example rather than an example derived from a 'strange' group.  Can you please help? Thank you! Why does "Object reference not set to an instance of an object" not refer the variable name or column? Existence of a Pivot Point in Euclidean Geometry In geometry there is a term called a pivot point. There exists a pivot point 'P' in the interior of a convex polyhedron in a euclidean space if and only if every single line through 'P' contains exactly zero or two vertices of the polyhedron.  I asked one of my professors, but he gave me a very narrow example of a cube, but I want to know the maximum number of pivot points that exist in a polyhedron. Can someone please help me prove how many exist? What potions actually grant fame or glory, or put a stopper in death? Are there any? ‘You are here to learn the subtle science and exact art of potionmaking,’ [Snape] began. He spoke in barely more than a whisper, but they caught every word – like Professor McGonagall, Snape had the gift of keeping a class silent without effort. ‘As there is little foolish wand-waving here, many of you will hardly believe this is magic. I don’t expect you will really understand the beauty of the softly simmering cauldron with its shimmering fumes, the delicate power of liquids that creep through human veins, bewitching the mind, ensnaring the senses ... I can teach you how to bottle fame, brew glory, even stopper death – if you aren’t as big a bunch of dunderheads as I usually have to teach.’&#185;   Philosopher's Stone - page 102 - Bloomsbury - chapter 8, The Potions Master   Are there any canon potions that actually grant fame or glory, or stopper death? I'm looking for specific canon-based answers from sources such as the Harry Potter books, interviews with J.K. Rowling, or information from Pottermore. Maybe because it's early I'm overlooking the obvious, but offhand I can't think of any canon potions that fit this criteria exactly.   &#185;I edited in the entire paragraph that I can teach you how to bottle fame, brew glory, even stopper death comes from for clarity. Hopefully this will be helpful and provide a better context for the comment in question. Test Class for a Custom Controller A Russian girl is asking for 500 euros to get a passport in Russia. Is this a realistic amount of money for a passport fee? 'Search on Yammer' link in search center refiners I have a heavily branded site I'm working on and can't find where the "Search on Yammer" link is being populated from. It appears within the search refiner/filter web part in the left column but none of the display templates reference this.   I'd like to be able to customize the link, placement on the page, etc. without resorting to jQuery to move elements around the page.     And the markup coming through looks like this. The refiners themselves come through a series of display templates but the Yammer link is nowhere that I can see in any of them.   &lt;div webpartid="f09e98eb-6dc3-4a9b-8dbf-65d0fbc7b7c3" haspers="false" id="WebPartWPQ4" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody " allowdelete="false" style=""&gt;     &lt;div class="ms-ref-ctrl"&gt;         &lt;div class="ms-ref-refiner"&gt;             &lt;div id="Container"&gt;                 &lt;h2 class="ms-displayInline"&gt;                     &lt;a class="ms-ref-name ms-displayInlineBlock ms-srchnav-link-selected ms-link" href="javascript:void(window.open(                     'https://www.yammer.com/search?trk_event=o365_search&amp;amp;search='+                     encodeURIComponent(Srch.ScriptApplicationManager.get_current().queryGroups.                     Default.dataProvider.get_currentQueryState().k),'_blank'));" title="Open a new tab to search for this on Yammer"&gt;Search on Yammer&lt;/a&gt;                 &lt;/h2&gt;             &lt;/div&gt;         &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div componentid="ctl00_SPWebPartManager1_g_f09e98eb_6dc3_4a9b_8dbf_65d0fbc7b7c3_csr" id="ctl00_SPWebPartManager1_g_f09e98eb_6dc3_4a9b_8dbf_65d0fbc7b7c3_csr"&gt;             ... refiners populated through display templates ... &lt;/div&gt; Decreasing font size in verbatim How do I set my level, unlocked weapon equip slots and playthrough mode? Can we search posts by number of comments? Does the output bypass capacitor of an LM7805 double as a decoupling capacitor? I'm using a 5v linear regulator (specifically an LM7805) that outputs directly to an ATMEGA328P. According to the  (page 23) input and output bypass capacitors should be used, as seen below, to tame peaks and ensure stability.    It is good practice to also include a decoupling capacitor in front of an IC, in this case an ATMEGA328. Does the 0.1μF capacitor on the output side of the LM7805 act as a decoupling capacitor if the regulator feeds into the IC directly after the output bypass capacitor? Including .eps figure in PDFLatex This question has been asked a lot, but for reason I cannot get it to work. I'd like to include a .eps image in my document - I am using pdflatex in TeXMaker. Below is the input (I am providing the whole preamble incase there is some interference.   \documentclass[11pt]{article} \usepackage{times} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{epstopdf} %converting to PDF \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{mathtools} \newcommand{\HRule}{\rule{\linewidth}{0.5mm}} \usepackage[parfill]{parskip} \setcounter{secnumdepth}{5} %how deep sections are numbers \usepackage{float} \usepackage[font={sf,footnotesize},labelfont=bf, justification=justified, singlelinecheck=off]{caption} \usepackage[font=footnotesize]{subcaption} \usepackage[scaled]{helvet}  \usepackage{titlesec}  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[export]{adjustbox} %for large figures \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{microtype} \usepackage{setspace} \singlespacing \usepackage[defaultlines=4,all]{nowidow}  \includegraphics[scale=1]{/../model_1_2.eps}    The error I get is:      ! Package pdftex.def Error: File `/model_1_2-eps-converted-to.pdf' not   found.See the pdftex.def package documentation for explanation.Type H    for immediate help.... .../../model_1_2.eps}   I hope someone can help. A term for words that change pronunciation with part of speech I'm talking about words like:   construct: CON-struct(n.), cun-STRUCT(v.) present: PRE-sent(n.), pre-SENT(v.) record: RE-cord(n.), ri-CORD(v.)   They are pronounced differently based on whether they are a noun or a verb.  Here are the terms I DON'T think would apply:   Homograph: same spelling, different meanings: for example, bark (the sound of a dog) and bark (the skin of a tree). Homophone: same pronunciation, different meaning: for example, to and two Homonym: same pronunciation and spelling, different meanings: for example: bank (river bank or savings bank) Heteronym: same spelling,  different pronunciations and meanings: for example bow (the front of a ship) and bow (a ranged weapon)   Bow is particularly interesting. It is a heteronym based on the two nouns I described. But in the sense of the body movement, the noun and the verb are pronounced alike (rhyming with wow), thus, not belonging to the category I've explained.  In fact none of the terms explained  satisfy my requirement.  I'm looking for the term for words that have same (or related at best, NOT different) meanings, same spelling and different pronunciation.  Specifically, different pronunciation depending on the part of speech. As against the words which have the same pronunciation in different parts of speech like bill, turn, case (or bigger ones like manoeuvre)  TL;DR:  Fill in the blank:     The noun and verb forms of construct are pronounced differently   because the word construct is a _____   or      The noun and verb forms of construct are pronounced differently   because they are _____s. Ubuntu 11.10 is installed, and I have updated my system via Ubuntu Software Centre, and after the update 3 updates remain in the list. But I am unable to select them, the tickboxes cannot be checked and Ubuntu Software Centre gives no error when I try to check.  Also, below it says "There is no update to be installed" and even though there seems to be updates Install Updates button is unclickable.  What should I do in order to install these updates? How to check file types of uploaded files in PHP? On the PHP website, the only real checking they suggest is using is_uploaded_file() or move_uploaded_file(), . Of course you usually don't want user's uploading any type of file, for a variety of reasons.  Because of this, I have often used some "strict" mime type checking. Of course this is very flawed because often mime types are wrong and users can't upload their file. It is also very easy to fake and/or change. And along with all of that, each browser and OS deals with them differently.  Another method is to check the extension, which of course is even easier to change than mime type.  If you only want images, using something like getimagesize() will work.  What about other types of files? PDFs, Word documents or Excel files? Or even text only files?  Edit: If you don't have  or  and system("file -bi $uploadedfile") gives you the wrong file type, what other options are there?