This question has already been asked     however I'm wondering if there has been any change in the community since it was asked roughly 8 years ago.  In particular, the accepted answer on the previous question seems to be pretty emphatic in the negative:      The proposition that distances or durations become discrete near the Planck scale is a scientific hypothesis and it is one that may be - and, in fact, has been - experimentally falsified. For example, these discrete theories inevitably predict that the time needed for photons to get from very distant places of the Universe to the Earth will measurably depend on the photons' energy.   The Fermi satellite has showed that the delay is zero within dozens of milliseconds.   However, there was another good answer that appeared roughly two years later which takes the idea of a discrete universe as a serious scientific question.  They also link an 89 page PDF () which takes the issue very seriously.  Did the author of that PDF fail to just read Luboš Motl's answer?   Does Luboš Motl's answer give zero chance for such a model or is it simply very unlikely.  Has the science changed at all?  Note:  I realize that this is a `duplicate' question, but the second answer in the other question seems both sincere and respectable yet largely ignored.  What's up with that?
On a quantum scale the smallest unit is the , which is a discrete measure.  There several question that come to mind:   Does that mean that particles can only live in a discrete grid-like structure,  i.e. have to "magically" jump from one pocket to the next? But where are they in between? Does that even give rise to the old paradox that movement as such is impossible (e.g. )? Does the same hold true  for time (i.e. that it is discrete) - with all the ensuing paradoxes? Mathematically does it mean that you have to use difference equations instead of differential equations? (And sums instead of integrals?) From the point of view of the space metric do you have to use a discrete metric (e.g. the ) instead of good old Pythagoras?   Thank you for giving me some answers and/or references where I can turn to.  Update: I just saw this call for papers - it seems to be quite a topic after all: Is Reality Digital or Analog? FQXi Essay Contest, 2011. , , . One can find some pretty amazing papers over there.
Where is the right place to register/enqueue scripts & styles How to turn off the iOS-style character picker menu Replacing all values in a table > $T$ Performance of Non Clustered Indexes on Heaps vs Clustered Indexes compares the performance for individual select/insert/delete/update and range select statements on a table organized as a clustered index vs that on a table organized as a heap with a non clustered index on the same key columns as the CI table.  Generally the clustered index option performed better in the tests as there is only one structure to maintain and because there is no need for bookmark lookups.  One potentially interesting case not covered by the paper would have been a comparison between a non clustered index on a heap vs a non clustered index on a clustered index. In that instance I would have expected the heap might even perform better as once at the NCI leaf level SQL Server has a RID to follow directly rather than needing to traverse the clustered index.   Is anyone aware of similar formal testing that has been carried out in this area and if so what were the results? Why cannot this question with an open bounty be closed? Asked again to review a paper, when the authors don't wish to modify it I have received a manuscript to review for a journal. The interesting thing is, I had already reviewed this article (exact same title, abstract and author list, almost exact same content) for another journal a few weeks ago where I recommended that it be published, but only after major revisions of both form and content. When I first reviewed it, I wrote a two-page review, listing some questions and several “actionable” comments, ranging from some concerns about exactness of the text (some conclusions didn't seem fully backed by the results) all the way down to trivial stuff (grammar, a few typos, graphic issues with the figures, etc.).  Now, the manuscript has come to me for review again, but it is almost unchanged from the first version. None of the serious stuff has been addressed, and even most of the trivial stuff was not fixed (there's at least one remaining typo, and the figures still aren't fully legible). However, I think this behavior from the authors is clearly a bad signal, which should be somehow conveyed to the editor: they're not willing to amend their work, and would rather do some journal-shopping.  What would you suggest me to do? Should I just re-send my earlier review? Add a note to the editor about my knowledge of the “history” of the paper? Or maybe even include it in my review, so the authors are aware that people know of their behavior, and maybe feel bad enough to change their ways?    PS: I wrote it in the present tense, but it's actually a story from my past. I'm not sure I did the right thing at the time, and I think it's better to actually formulate it as an open question… How do I size a UITextView to its content? Is there a good way to adjust the size of a UITextView to conform to its content? Say for instance I have a UITextView that contains one line of text:  "Hello world"   I then add another line of text:  "Goodbye world"   Is there a good way in Cocoa Touch to get the rect that will hold all of the lines in the text view so that I can adjust the parent view accordingly?  As another example, look at the notes' field for events in the Calendar application - note how the cell (and the UITextView it contains) expands to hold all lines of text in the notes' string. uniq command not working properly? So I'm checking the md5 hash of my files with this as my output:  657cf4512a77bf47c39a0482be8e41e0  ./dupes2.txt 657cf4512a77bf47c39a0482be8e41e0  ./dupes.txt 8d60a927ce0f411ec94ac26a4785f749  ./derpina.txt 15f63928b8a1d5337137c38b5d66eed3  ./foo.txt 8d60a927ce0f411ec94ac26a4785f749  ./derp.txt   However, after running find . -type f -exec md5sum '{}' ';' | uniq -w 33 to find the unique hashes I get this:  657cf4512a77bf47c39a0482be8e41e0  ./dupes2.txt 8d60a927ce0f411ec94ac26a4785f749  ./derpina.txt 15f63928b8a1d5337137c38b5d66eed3  ./foo.txt 8d60a927ce0f411ec94ac26a4785f749  ./derp.txt   From my understanding, only one of either derpina.txt or derp.txt should be showing up since their hashes are the same. Am I missing something? Can anyone enlighten me as to why it outputs like this? I stumbled across this relationship while I was messing around. What's the proof, and how do I understand it intuitively? It doesn't really make sense to me that the sum of odd numbers up to $2x + 1$ should equal $x^2$. Remote start up a machine that is in the shut down state? Possible Duplicate:          May I know how can one remote start up a machine that is in a shut down state? Why can array constants only be used in initializers? What are the scars on the face of Dryden Voss? Dryden Voss, the iconic villain in Solo: A Star Wars Story, has some pretty radical facial scarring.    I'm wondering if there is any evidence how he got these scars?  In particular is it possible he got the scars in battle, or from exposure to a particular substance or drug.  It also seems he is under the service of a Sith Lord (if not an apprentice himself) and if so, could this have come as part of an initiation into, or training with, the dark arts. Is there a characterization of the nonconstant entire functions $f$ that satisfy $|f(z)|=1$ for all $|z|=1$?   Clearly, $f(z)=z^n$ works for all $n$. Also, it's not difficult to show that if $f$ is such an entire function, then $f$ must vanish somewhere inside the unit disk. What else can be said about those functions?  Thank you. Why didn't Palpatine publicly change his name once he became Emperor? Anakin Skywalker was known as Darth Vader (this was already his Sith name) after the creation of the Galactic Empire.  So why did Palpatine remain "Emperor Palpatine"? Why didn't he embrace his persona as Darth Sidious?  I started wondering after reading one of the answers to Casting a function pointer to another type Let's say I have a function that accepts a void (*)(void*) function pointer for use as a callback:  void do_stuff(void (*callback_fp)(void*), void* callback_arg);   Now, if I have a function like this:  void my_callback_function(struct my_struct* arg);   Can I do this safely?  do_stuff((void (*)(void*)) &amp;my_callback_function, NULL);   I've looked at  and I've looked at some C standards which say you can cast to 'compatible function pointers', but I cannot find a definition of what 'compatible function pointer' means. Print numbered paragraph after title with Biblatex My question is related with Biber and Biblatex (latest versions). I need to quote the number of a paragraph of an old Christian text which is published within a book printed nowadays.   More clearly, I'm working with this Biblatex item (it's in Italian):  @INBOOK{Clemente1984Lettera,   author = {Clemente di Roma},   title = {Lettera di Clemente Romano ai Corinti},   year = {1984},   booktitle = {I Padri apostolici},   editor = {Quaquarelli, Antonio},   location = {Roma},   pages = {41-92},   publisher = {Città Nuova} }   I quote it in a common LaTex file with the BibTex key:  \cite[42]{Clemente1985Lettera}   With a humanistic Biblatex style, the final citation is:  Clemente di Roma, Lettera di Clemente Romano ai Corinti, in "I Padri apostolici", edited by A. Quaquarelli, Roma 1985, p. 42.  Anyway, I need to quote specifically the n. 2 of the letter of Clement, so I have to print this number just after the title "Lettera di Clemente Romano ai Corinti". So, I'd like to have this citation:  Clemente di Roma, Lettera di Clemente Romano ai Corinti, n. 2, in "I Padri apostolici", edited by A. Quaquarelli, Roma 1985, p. 42.  Now, I can find no Biblatex field to store the "n. 2" text, and no way to print it after the title. Of course, I could create a specific item in the bibliographic file in which the title field, or another one which is supposed to follow it, contains the "n. 2" indication. Anyway, this solution is very bad to me, because I should fill my archive with items of specific citations, and not of single titles.  What I'm looking for is what I've already implemented in the Bibfilex citations system (), which is moreover far less powerful that Biber: the possibility to add a pipe in the postnote of a BibTex key to separate a possible indication of a number of a paragraph, to be printed just after the title, from the pages of the volume. So a key like that  \cite[2|42]{Clemente1985Lettera}   should print   Clemente di Roma, Lettera di Clemente Romano ai Corinti, n. 2, in "I Padri apostolici", edited by A. Quaquarelli, Roma 1985, p. 42.  Anybody knows how to do that with Biber and Biblatex?  Thanks. How can I prove my publication list is mine? In some of the questions regarding author name, it is mentioned that people can use whatever they like, however, they must be consistent across their publications.  When it comes to being hired by a university for a tenure track position or by another principal investigator as a researcher, how can someone prove that they are the author of papers when their author name does not exactly match the one on their ID card? How can a principal investigator be sure that the publication list does actually belong to the person claiming them? What are the pros and cons of the leading Java HTML parsers? What is the best class or classes in 3.5e to build a character that uses both a sword and either arcane magic or psionics which can be fluffed as arcane magic and focuses on fighting powerful individual creatures?    I have a foundness for those that can sling spell along with blade, like Dak'kon from Planescape: Torment.  So, given that, how do I make the best Gishy character I can?  Specifically, the group is looking for a character focused on delivering high damage or other debilitating effects to an individual target.  There is no need to balance sword and magic, though I would prefer to have the melee abilities remain at least relevant through at least mid-levels.  This question:  is related.  But I am specifically looking to optimize for high targeted damage output and have no need to balance between sword and spell if focusing on one is more effective.  I have considered the duskblade and that may be the best answer, but as I have limited experience with 3.5 I want to find out if I should use a pure duskblade, a duskblade which steps into other classes, or some other class I have not considered.  In this particular case, the characters will start at level 7, and equipment rules are liberal as long as the characters can afford it.  I'm not sure how long this will last so I am focused on the next few levels instead of trying to plan all the way out to 20.  It will be a party of 5.  Not all of the rest of the characters have been fully fleshed out, but we will have a cleric and a wizard.  The other two are more up in the air but they one is looking at various rogue classes and the other is looking at some sort of melee class, with this gishy rounding out the team.  The initial encounter is up in the air, but there is a definite fondness for gryphons.  We do know that we will be working up to dragon in relatively short order, which is a factor in wanting to focus on large damage output to individual creatures as opposed to being able to deal with numerous weaker creatures.  The setting is "modified Forgotten Realms".    I personally own absolutely no 3.5 books, but we have access to a fair bit and just about anything from WoTC is permitted.  I am new to 3.5, but I have a fair bit of roleplaying experience including AD&amp;D.    Thematically, I envision the character as a generally honorable, but working as a monster hunter and mercenary.  I definitely favor swords though specifically which sword is flexible.  Dak'kon from Planescape would be an excellent example of what I would like to build, as would The Witcher.  Based on Kryan's excellent answer, it seems to be leading up to using duskblade and a specialist wizard to lead into Abjurant Champion. Proving that $-a=(-1)\cdot a$ As the title reveals, I want to prove (based on the axioms of field) that $$-a=(-1)\cdot a$$ I've been trying for a while now, but couldn't think of a way to do it and it got me thinking that maybe its does not require a proof, but it doesn't feel right. Any ideas?