I am using the aer bibliography style with BibTeX. I am wanting to write out citations in the text with three or more coauthors. An easy way to do this is to use \citet*, \citep*, etc. as opposed to \citet, \citep, etc. However, there is no Oxford comma. How can I get it to include a comma before the and?  Note that this has been asked, but not answered, in a comment by @user67403 (the last comment on the question) here:
For aer.bst, citations with 3 or more authors are listed using et al. I need to modify the bibliography so that citations with 4 or more authors are listed using et al., but that citations with 3 authors have all the names written out. For example, I want "See Adams, Brown, and Clark (2003)" as opposed to "See Adams et al. (2003)." I'm using natbib with LaTex: \usepackage{natbib,har2nat}  In order to do that, I need to modify the function format.lab.names.abbr.  Might someone know how to do this?  FUNCTION {format.lab.names.abbr} { 'name.list :=   name.list num.names$ 'numnames :=   numnames #1 &gt;     { numnames #2 &gt;         { name.list #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et al." * }         { name.list #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =             { name.list #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et al." * }             { name.list #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " and " *               name.list #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ *             }           if$         }       if$       field.used editor.field = {", eds" *} {} if$     }     {         name.list #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$         field.used editor.field = {", ed" *} {} if$     }   if$ }   FUNCTION {format.lab.names.full} { 'name.list :=   #1 'nameptr :=   name.list num.names$ 'numnames :=   numnames 'namesleft :=     { namesleft #0 &gt; }     { name.list nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 'temp :=       nameptr #1 &gt;         { namesleft #1 &gt;             { ", " * temp * }             { temp "others" =                 { " et~al." * }                 { " and " * temp * }               if$             }           if$         }         'temp       if$       nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=       namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=     }   while$   numnames #1 &gt; field.used editor.field = and {", eds" *} {} if$   numnames #1 = field.used editor.field = and {", ed" *} {} if$ }
Does "until [date]" mean "before that date"? Insert results of a stored procedure into a temporary table For a distribution function $F(x)$ and constant $a$, integral of $F(x + a) - F(x)$ is $a$. For any distribution function and any $a \geq 0$, $\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} (F(x+a)-F(x))dx = a$.   In this case, "distribution function" means a right continuous function F with $F(-\infty) = 0$, $F(\infty)= 1$.   This problem comes after a section in the book on mathematical expectation, so I suspect I should use some property of expectation to prove it. Expectation appears to be something that applies to random variables, so I think I should be somehow transforming the problem into something in terms of expectations of random variables, but I'm not sure how. I know that given a distribution function, I can get a probability measure, but I'm not sure how to go from there to a random variable and actually get a relation between the expectation of the random variable and this integral. I'm sure whether this is the right way to go about this problem, but if it is, I'm missing a connection somewhere. How can I make a bash script executable by double clicking just like .exe files in Windows? I tried , but there are two consequences:   the terminal twinkles, disappears, and nothing is done. you must specify to run in terminal in order to work.   I have a script that installs tomcat on an offline PC, including all dependencies of tomcat in the script. I need to make the script work on double clicking like windows since most who use the script will not be familiar with Ubuntu.  Forget the above explanation. I want to make a script that can be run by double-clicking on it, without using the terminal. Anybody knows how? I want to upgrade my Ubuntu 13.04 to Ubuntu 13.10. I'm unable to do via GUI.   [ The reason why I'm unable to do so:  Via software updater, I proceed ahead and click upgrade (for upgrading my OS). I authenticate by providing my password. Then it proceeds and downloads upgrade tool. That time only (while downloading the tool) error message comes "system program problem detected". It then doesn't proceed ahead and I click to report the problem ]  So, I tried via command line but here also I couldn't succeed upgrading my OS.  For the same I ran   $ sudo apt-get update   Then I ran  $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade   And then:  ravbholua@ravbholua-Aspire-5315:~$ sudo do-release-upgrade Checking for a new Ubuntu release Get:1 Upgrade tool signature [198 B]                                                                                                  Get:2 Upgrade tool [1,135 kB]                                                                                                         Fetched 1,135 kB in 6s (32.9 kB/s)                                                                                                    authenticate 'saucy.tar.gz' against 'saucy.tar.gz.gpg'  gpg exited 2 Debug information:    gpg: Signature made Friday 01 November 2013 10:34:27 AM IST using DSA key ID 437D05B5 gpg: Can't check signature: public key not found  Authentication failed Authenticating the upgrade failed. There may be a problem with the network or with the server.  ravbholua@ravbholua-Aspire-5315:~$    Please suggest how to go ahead and upgrade my OS. Asking on Multiple Sites: "Soft-Migration" See also:   Many of the newer sites have a certain degree of overlap. With the creation of Chem.SE, I noticed quite a few questions on Physics.SE which could have benefited from the chem community and vice versa. There also are a few that could benefit from bio.SE.. Now these questions don't warrant a migration. They can be double-posted, but this doesn't lead to a smooth experience. Even when cross-linked, changes to either post (new answers,new comments,etc) aren't effectively relayed to the other site, and the two questions are just that-- two, separate questions. One solution that came to my mind was a &quot;soft migration&quot; option for mods. By this, a question on site A stays on site A. But, it appears in the site B question list as well. Edits/answers should bump it. Basically, there will be a placeholder item in the questions list of site B. It shows the votes/views/answers of the post on site A, along with the tags (maybe stylized differently). These should be an unobtrusive way to quickly identify what the site is. The post should also be bumped whenever the post is bumped on Site A, and it should display the rep/time/etc of the bumping user as usual. Here's a quick mockup of what happens on the site B question list:  Without being obtrusive or in-your-face (stuff like [migrated] is sort of in-your-face), the post is elegantly shown to be on Physics.SE (well, if you know the icon, anyway). The tags are italicized to show that they link to a different site tags, and the &quot;bumping user&quot; (me) has his/her rep on that site shown. We can also add an indicator on the question on site A () that shows that it was soft-migrated. We can use tooltips as well on the icons to tell us why they're here. After all, half of SE documentation is in tooltips.  Now I know that these issues will probably be raised:  Rep: An avid user on Site B gets no Site B rep for giving a good answer on Site A. Frankly, I don't care about this to much, but others may.  Implementation: It may get complicated. Internally, I'd propose that none of the question data is copied, rather Site A pushes the vote/bump data whenever a vote/bump happens. The easiest way to then implement the soft merge would be to have a table of questions soft-merged &quot;to&quot; site B on site B itself, with columns for all the vote/etc data. The questions table should have an extra column for &quot;soft-migrated to&quot;--that way Site A can determine where to push new data to on every vote/bump. Now, all Site B has to do is take the JOIN of the questions table and the soft-merge table and display them in the new questions list (or any list, for that matter). With some extra formatting, maybe. Of course, I may be oversimplifying this and I don't really know what I'm talking about ;-)  Is there a need? : Yes, I would say so. Such questions can get awesome answers is both the communities participate, but our don't-cross-post-much policy deters this. In the end, this will result in better post quality, making the Internet better. Also, as area51 grows, we will see this problem more and more, and this will become more and more necessary.   Thoughts? Any better ideas? Waffles?  Update: Another use case for this would be to soft migrate all MSO  questions over to child metas, effectively solving $|f(x)-f(y)|\geq k|x-y|$.Then $f$ is bijective and its inverse is continuous. My exercise says: Let $f:\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ a continuous function e suppose that exists $k$ such that:  $$|f(x)-f(y)|\geq k|x-y|$$  Then $f$ is bijective and  its inverse is continuous.  Well, there's a Theorem , Invariance of domain, that says   "If $U$ is an open subset of $\mathbb {R^n}$ and $f : U \rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ is an injective continuous map, then $V = f(U)$ is open and $f$ is a homeomorphism between $U$ and $V$".  But I'm not knowing how to proceed...need a clue...Thanks for attention!!! The tennis statistics at the end of a set always show the number of winners and unforced errors of the players. But when does a point count as a winner and when as unforced error? Why is this true: The only orthogonal projection that is also unitary from $\Bbb C^n$ to $\Bbb C^n$ is the identity Can anyone explain me please how to see this statement: the only orthogonal projection that is also unitary from $\Bbb C^n$ to $\Bbb C^n$ is the Identity.  how can I prove formally that? or how can I see that only the Identity satisfy it? Leave newlines intact in bounty messages Specifing ip address for outbound connections on a multi ip host one of my servers (Debian 5.0.6) has two public ip-address on the same interface. This used to work well for months but suddenly it is using "the wrong" ip addresses for outgoing connections. This is a problem because the reverse lookup will not match and emails therefore get spam points.  eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  Hardware Adresse 00:1b:21:14:8e:9c             inet Adresse:81.169.180.51  Bcast:81.169.180.51  Maske:255.255.255.255           inet6-Adresse: fe80::21b:21ff:fe14:8e9c/64 Gültigkeitsbereich:Verbindung  eth0:0    Link encap:Ethernet  Hardware Adresse 00:1b:21:14:8e:9c             inet Adresse:85.214.157.120  Bcast:85.214.157.120  Maske:255.255.255.255   Kernel-IP-Routentabelle Destination     Router          Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface 81.169.180.1    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 eth0 0.0.0.0         81.169.180.1    0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0   Currently it is using 85.214.157.120 for outbound connections. How do I get it to use 81.169.180.51?  Edit: The netmask of 255.255.255.255 is consistent with both documentation and DHCP response of the hosting company. Calling /etc/init.d/networking restart multiple times will eventually end up with the correct ip-address for outbount connections. But that is obviously not a stable solution. /Edit  Edit 2: To make sure that the host route is not related to my issue, I setup a local test network:  eth0      inet Adresse:192.168.0.2  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Maske:255.255.255.0 eth0:0    inet Adresse:192.168.0.3  Bcast:192.168.0.255  Maske:255.255.255.0  192.168.0.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 eth0 0.0.0.0        192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 eth0   If anyone has an idea how to make sure that source ip-address 192.168.0.2 is used on outbound tcp connections, I'd be thankful. /Edit 2 What triggers a full garbage collection in Java? What is the memory layout of a .NET array?  Take for instance this array:  Int32[] x = new Int32[10];   I understand that the bulk of the array is like this:  0000111122223333444455556666777788889999   Where each character is one byte, and the digits corresponds to indices into the array.  Additionally, I know that there is a type reference, and a syncblock-index for all objects, so the above can be adjusted to this:  ttttssss0000111122223333444455556666777788889999         ^         +- object reference points here   Additionally, the length of the array needs to be stored, so perhaps this is more correct:  ttttssssllll0000111122223333444455556666777788889999         ^         +- object reference points here   Is this complete? Are there more data in an array?  The reason I'm asking is that we're trying to estimate how much memory a couple of different in-memory representations of a rather large data corpus will take and the size of the arrays varies quite a bit, so the overhead might have a large impact in one solution, but perhaps not so much in the other.  So basically, for an array, how much overhead is there, that is basically my question.  And before the arrays are bad squad wakes up, this part of the solution is a static build-once-reference-often type of thing so using growable lists is not necessary here. The Equation $11^x + 13^x + 17^x =19^x  $  Has    No Real Roots Only One Real Roots Exactly Two Real Roots  More than Two Real Roots    What I have done is   The function $f(x)=11^x + 13^x + 17^x -19^x  $ is strictly increasing and being always positive it have no roots Indefinite integral $\int(\sin x)^2/(x\cdot\cos x-\sin x)^2\,dx$ How to find the antiderivative of $\dfrac{(\sin x)^2}{(x\cdot\cos x-\sin x)^2}$? I know that series theory can solve the problem. But I wish to solve the problem by the antiderivative way. The numerator and denominator divide the $x^2$ at the same time, don't they? It would be similar to trying to be extremely careful or precise.   In French it would be "application", For example: "Qui est fait avec application".   Example usage:      John worked with ________. or ...it was done with _______. The temperature of an electron Does an electron have a temperature, if so, what is it?  Imagine an electron (Ke = 1 eV) in a tube at room temperature (300 K)    what is its temperature?   Imagine now same electron in space (3 K) with same Ke, is it any different from the other?  What is the influence of external temperature on electrons?  Do those electrons have electric energy, or do we have such energy only when the electron hits something and discharges its Ke? Find all solutions to $x^2\equiv 1\pmod {91},\ 91 = 7\cdot 13$ How do you add tags to blocks so they can only be placed on 1 type of block? My brother owns Skyrim on steam. We use Steam Family Share, but we were wondering how both of us could play it at the same time?