I am learning LaTeX from a book, and I am using TeXnicCenter. The book has a chapter about the graphics package, so I download it and try the commands. But I find that when I use commands like \scalebox and \resizebox, they cannot take effect. Also, the PDF seems to be "dead" after that, i.e. when I make some changes and click "build and view", the PDF remains unchanged. I have tried the graphicx package but the result is the same.  For example, firstly I type  \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{amsfonts, amsmath, amsthm, amstext, amssymb, amscd, ulem, array} \begin{document} abc \end{document}   then this produces a pdf with a word 'abc'. At the bottom of TeXnicCenter, I see 0 error, 0 warning, 0 bad box, and 1 page.  Then I change it to  \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{amsfonts, amsmath, amsthm, amstext, amssymb, amscd, ulem, array} \usepackage{graphicx} \begin{document} \scalebox{2}{abc} \end{document}   The same pdf occurs, i.e. no size enlarged. At the bottom of TeXnicCenter, I see 0 error, 0 warning, 0 bad box, and 0 page.  Finally I change it to  \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{amsfonts, amsmath, amsthm, amstext, amssymb, amscd, ulem, array} \usepackage{graphicx} \begin{document} \scalebox{2}{efg} \end{document}   I still see the word 'abc' with the same size. At the bottom of TeXnicCenter, I see 0 error, 0 warning, 0 bad box, and 0 page.  Would any one please help me?  In the output area of the TeXnicCenter, I find the following which is unusual:  "C\User\user\Desktop\myfile\test.aux)pdflatex.exe: GUI framework cannot be initialized."
I don't know what I've done, but all of a sudden I am unable to compile any document which uses the geometry package. Minimal (non)-working example:     \documentclass[11pt]{article}      \usepackage{geometry}  \begin{document} test \end{document}   doesn't produce any output, and this is what I see in my error summary screen in TeXnicCenter:    The red arrow points to what seems to be the problem: something about the bundle "oberdiek" and its package "ifvtex" is causing pdflatex.exe (which, while I don't really know what it does, sounds pretty important) to "not be initialized". I , and it's relevance here is a mystery to me.  I've confirmed that all of my files without the geometry package compile just fine; however, that doesn't mean that the problem is with the geometry package - what seems more likely is that there is some hidden cause of the error, and geometry happens to be one way to induce that. By the way, I've tried compiling a document which includes the ifpdf and ifvtex packages separately, and they do just fine; it's only when I include the geometry package (which for some reason requires these ifpdf and ifvtex packages) that the error occurs.  I've tried the only things I can think of:   going into MiKTeX Package Manager (by the way I am using 2.8), and removing + reinstalling both geometry and oberdiek refreshing the file name database ("FNDB") deleting all automatically generated files, as well as simply starting over in a new document   So I'm stuck now. I've considered attempting to just get rid of all traces of MiKTeX and TeXnicCenter from my computer and starting over, but that seems a bit excessive - after all, the geometry package was working for me . I honestly am not sure what I did to cause this; I've spent today trying to make a better template file for myself, and so I've been trying out new packages, but if I'm not loading these new packages there shouldn't be any conflicts, right?   Actually, I've just now thought of something that I think I did between the last time it worked and now, so is a possible candidate for the cause: I had to install some package manually, as it wasn't available on MiKTeX, and so I created a folder and pointed MiKTeX to it (i.e. the second option ). The package didn't do what I wanted, so I deleted the folder and removed it from the list of folders I told MiKTeX to check. Perhaps it's still trying to reach it for some reason?
What kind of components are black blobs on a PCB? In low-cost mass-produced items I often run into black blobs of what looks like resin applied directly on top of something on the PCB. What are these things exactly? I suspect this is some kind of custom IC that is layed out directly on the PCB to save on the plastic  housing/connector pins. Is this correct? If so, what is this technique called?    This is a photograph of the inside of a cheap digital multimeter. The black blob is the only non-basic piece of circuitry present, along with an op-amp (top) and a single bipolar junction transistor. Quantum Field Theory from a mathematical point of view I'm a student of mathematics with not much background in physics. I'm interested in learning Quantum field theory from a mathematical point of view.  Are there any good books or other reference material which can help in learning about quantum field theory? What areas of mathematics should I be familiar with before reading about Quantum field theory? I am on a MacBook Pro 13 running latest Sierra. I have an external Seagate solid state hard drive that was working and out of the blue stopped working. The only thing on it was my Adobe Lightroom images/videos. Not the LR DB files. I'm sure you have all heard this woe before, so I won't dwell on that. And yes, I back up to the cloud. AWS S3 specifically. Though I am traveling South East Asia for the last year, and staying in cheap hostels. So good internet is hard to come by sometimes. I can't back it up after every export. While most of it is backed up, there is some that is not.  Moving on. The symptoms seems to change every time I plug it in. The first sign was it ejected on it's own. I plugged it in again, and it wouldn't mount. Disk Utility recognized it, so did the command line diskutil list but it wouldn't mount. I rebooted and it worked for a second. Then I could only get to it from the command line. Then trying to frantically back up to my local what was not backed up to the cloud, it all failed. Basically just a cp -R [directory] [local-directory] command.  After some more frantic unplugging and re-plugging plus some command line manual mounts, I finally got it to where the Disk Utility would be able to run first aid on it. It failed. I don't recall the error. So I put it in a freezer. After a few hours I tried again. It is not any better. It still will not mount. Now Disk Utility sees it, but with no partition. I can't even give me information about how much space is used on it.  I have also tried it from a Windows machine. It did not mount. I have tried other cables. No success. As well as tried my other USB port. I also have another working external hard drive exactly like the one giving me issues. It works on all cables and USB ports.  I do have Docker running with a Ubuntu container, I'm trying to think of a way to see if I can try to get to the USB from there. I also have a USB that I have thought about running a live Ubuntu on there to see if I can mount and retrieve the data or fix the HDD that way. But if it will not mount, I doubt these will work.  Can anyone else think of any other tricks I can try myself to see if I can repair this or at least retrieve the data without paying for a service or software? If not, those suggestions are also welcome.  Update   I made the mistake in original post that it was a Solid State Drive. This is my mistake, it is actually a spinning disk hard drive. I bought them long ago and have been traveling with them for so long I just forgot. Question is updated to reflect this. Now diskutil list does not show it at all. The Disk Utility app also does not see it. Based on suggestion from @Allen I seeked out the USB to SATA cable. I did not quite find it, as my options are extremely limited where I am at. Though a local expat on a facebook group was able to help me with a empty 2.5 casing that I was able to extract the drive from original casing and put it in his blank case. It now mounts. Though it has the "click of death" sound to it. And data is not really reachable. While I can ls the directories and Adobe Lightroom does not have the exclamation mark when it can not reach the actual external files. Right clicking on the images and clicking on "Show in Finder" or any other variation of trying to get to the files through Finder or terminal, I have no success. It usually hangs and I get the spinning wheel. Since Adobe Lightroom imports these images into directories named by date, I am going to send the drive off to a data recovery service and ask to recover just unbacked up directories i.e. dates. Next time I will make harder efforts to backup and probably get an actual SSD.   I think this can be closed, due to my low reputation points I can not close this myself. I know this sounds like a stupid question, but I just wanted to confirm if they are the same thing. In new canon, anti-gravity is never mentioned. Elastic net penalty I struggled with this over the weekend, and need to remap my mouse buttons. How can I stream live video on YouTube? Nowadays, I see a lot of users live streaming on YouTube and wanted to try it for myself. However, when I go to my channel I don't see an option for live streaming.  I tried researching how to do this on YouTube and Google, but without luck.  So I was wondering, how can I live stream on YouTube?  I don't have any pro account or any of that, but I've watched livestreams from users who I don't think have pro accounts either.  So livestreaming is open for everyone, right? Freestyle with multiple objects I have several objects that intersect each other:   I would like to draw lines on the silhouette and key details with Freestyle, however Blender does detect intersections between objects and gives a very strange result:   What I'm trying to make is something like this:   Note: This is just an example, what I'm trying to do has about 10 highly detailed objects which intersect each other, so manually combining them is not possible.  Is it possible to make Freestyle detect edges at face intersections? If not, is there a simple way of combining the objects to create a single object with the outer faces of all the objects? Pre-1980s Sci-fi movie about killer aliens Identify a catastrophic sci fi story written before 1980: ruptured spleen, alien moon base, time and space travel, antimatter tool I read a sci fi short story sometime between 1974-1980 but it may have been written long before that.  I believe it was in a paper back anthology of sci fi stories, but I'm not certain.  I think the protagonist is facing the final climactic conflict when we meet him.  Most of the story is memories and flashbacks.  The first flashback is to his childhood.  He and his younger brother are sled riding.  His brother crashes, ruptures his spleen and dies.  He feels responsible and is wracked with guilt.  Much later, as an adult, he is exploring a long-deserted alien base on the moon.  There are unfamiliar artifacts on the base, including a time-travel device/vehicle, and a tool with an anti-matter tip.  It carves neat holes and eliminates matter simply by moving it through matter.  He accidentally drops the tool, which plummets unimpeded to the center of the moon.  He realizes that over time, it will consume and destroy the moon, which will be catastrophic for Earth.  He uses the time-travel device to travel to the moon at an earlier time so that he can prevent himself from dropping the tool.  He makes bigger problems for himself, forcing him to travel back further and further in time.  He travels so far back that he encounters the original alien inhabitants of the base.  Now we are at the present time in the story.  This is his final conflict, he has to escape, travel forward in time and resolve all of the problems he created.  Unfortunately, the alien inhabitants capture him, and the story ends.  Can anyone identify the story and author? Let $f:[0;1]\to\mathbb R$ be continiously differentiable How to search something on across multiple sites with a single Google query? I tried   (search term site:stackoverflow.com) OR (search term site:superuser.com) OR (search term site:stackexchange.com) search term site:stackoverflow.com,superuser.com,stackexchange.com search term site:stackoverflow.com site:superuser.com site:stackexchange.com   None of them works. What is the correct way to search? Can I configure bash to execute "clear" before every command typed in the console? I would like to configure bash to execute clear command every time I type some command in the terminal (before executing my command). How can I do that?  I'm using Debian Linux. Cardinality of order types in $\mathbb{N}$ Let be the next equivalence relation on $B= \{R \subseteq \mathbb{N}\times\mathbb{N} \ | \ R \ is \ a \ well-order \ on \  \mathbb{N}\}$ : $$"R \equiv R' \leftrightarrow \ (\mathbb{N},R) \cong (\mathbb{N},R') \ are \ well-ordering \ sets \  isomorphic" $$  Which is the cardinality of $B/\equiv$?  Firstly, we can notice that each well-ordering set is isomorphic to an ordinal $\alpha \ $such that $\alpha &lt; \aleph_{1}$, and so it is enough to count how many ordinals are isomorphic to a subset of $\mathbb{N}$. For example, if we consider $A$ the set of the even numbers and $B$ the set of odd numbers with the usual order relation, $A \oplus B$ is isomorphic to $\omega + \omega$. Another example could be: if we consider the order of $\mathbb{N}$ that we use in Sharkowski Theorem, that order is isomorphic to $ \omega^{2} + \omega$. Working with prime numbers we could build also $\omega^{n} \ \forall n \in \mathbb{N}$, and so $\omega^{\omega}$ and maybe something bigger. However, we know that each countable ordinal is isomorphic to a subset of $\mathbb{Q}$, but I bet that the same result is not true for $\mathbb{N}$ because it is "too small".  What can I do? "named" vs "that is named" I want to describe my business and want to refer to it in a sentence.  I am trying to say:      "In 2015 we established a business (that is) named X".   Intuitively, the "that is" part is redundant, and makes the sentence more cumbersome. But I cannot think of a reason why we should be able to drop the verb.  Is the version without the "that is" part grammatically correct? How can it be explained? Charts from numbers not dynamically updating in Pages/Keynote I have the 2015 versions of Pages, Numbers, and Keynote on Yosemite.  I created a chart in numbers and then copied it to Pages or Keynote. I then want to be able to change the data in Numbers and see the chart updated in Pages or Keyonte. However, I don't see an option to "refresh".  Is there a way to dynamically link Numbers to Pages or Keynote? I want to copy all images on my computer to a single folder Lag compensation with networked 2D games I want to make a 2D game that is basically a physics driven sandbox / activity game. There is something I really do not understand though. From research, it seems like updates from the server should only be about every 100ms. I can see how this works for a player since they can just concurrently simulate physics and do lag compensation through interpolation.  What I do not understand is how this works for updates from other players. If clients only get notified of player positions every 100ms, I do not see how that works because a lot can happen in 100ms. The player could have changed direction twice or so in that time. I was wondering if anyone would have some insight on this issue.  Basically how does this work for shooting and stuff like that?  Thanks What happens when I run the command cat /proc/cpuinfo? What happens when I write cat /proc/cpuinfo. Is that a named pipe (or something else) to the OS which reads the CPU info on the fly and generate that text each time I call it? Legality of using names in a game?