Given a random event x from a discrete population X where the population $n=\infty$, and the population is uniformly distributed, what is P(x)?  My intuition is that it is infinitesimal, because as $lim_{n\to\infty}$, $ lim_{p\to0}$
On googling I got     Random numbers are numbers that occur in a sequence such that two conditions are met: (1) the values are uniformly distributed over a defined interval or set, and (2) it is impossible to predict future values based on past or present ones. Random numbers are important in statistical analysis and probability theory.   What if I want to pick a random integer from the number line ? The number line consists of infinitely many integers. My favorable event is to get a number (random) and the number of events possible is the complete number line i.e. infinity. I won't be considering any limits here as our number line doesn't tend to infinity but does contain infinitely many elements.  Now the probability of getting a random number  P(E) = 1 / ∞ = 0   So I won't be able to get a random number, ever. This implies, never would I ever be able to get a random number.  That's absurd as many of our science topics do depends on things being random.
number of quadratic residues in finite field Is there a way to determine how many quadratic residues are there in the finite field $F_q$ for $q = p^k$?  It seems if $q=p$ exactly $(p-1)/2$ are residues and the same amount are not. Does analogy holds for $q = p^k$?  Thanks for any input. Allow us to vote to delete from the Android app Currently, the only way to vote to delete (and undelete, since you can't see deleted posts) in the Android app is to open the post in a browser, and then vote to delete from there.  Can we get delete vote functionality within the app, as well as the ability to delete our own posts?  Worth to mention: users , so it's possible in the API.  Related: What is the right way to consistently mangle bash terminal? I'm on OSX 10.11.1 and occasionally my bash terminal gets mangled. It often happens when I accidentally cat a binary file. The result can be seen on the image below. The output becomes weird, and I can't type ascii characters anymore.    Even though this happens occasionally, I couldn't find a way to consistently reproduce the issue. Online search recommends doing cat /bin/*, but that works sporadically, only after a couple dozen tries.  I want to do this so I can find an easy solution how to handle this in tmux.  How do I consistently get bash to a "mangled" state? Is there maybe a magic unicode character that can do this? how to achieve the journal style shown in the screenshot? Means help me i want to write these all things with perfect setting.. jQuery :first vs. .first() I know there is a way to view all my questions in reverse chronological order from the PC by going to my profile. But I would like to do the same from the mobile app for Android. On Android in the left upper hand corner I can only see the latest answers to my posts, but I would be able to view all my posts. I have a simple one line command which works perfectly in terminal, but does not work in the "Startup Applications" app thing.  The line of code is : xmodmap /home/seph/Code/Ubuntu\ Scripts/Xmodmap  It's not that much of a hassle to copy it from "Startup Applications" and paste it into terminal, but I don't really get why it isn't working.  I followed someone else's instructions to do it in the first place, so maybe I did something wrong?  In any case, wouldn't it be the obvious and logical assumption that it just types whatever you put in it into Terminal? Why split the  tag when writing it with document.write()? Why do some sites (or advertisers that give clients javascript code) employ a technique of splitting the &lt;script&gt; and/or &lt;/script&gt; tags up within document.write() calls?  I noticed that Amazon does this as well, for example:  &lt;script type='text/javascript'&gt;   if (typeof window['jQuery'] == 'undefined') document.write('&lt;scr'+'ipt type="text/javascript" src="http://z-ecx.images-amazon.com/images/G/01/javascripts/lib/jquery/jquery-1.2.6.pack._V265113567_.js"&gt;&lt;/sc'+'ript&gt;'); &lt;/script&gt; Editing and manipulating tables with ArcPy? I’m new to ArcMap and was wondering if anybody could help me out. I have a shapefile with counties and wells in that county. In the table I’m trying edit it so that for each county calculate the total numbers of wells that fall into that county, and update the county table with the total count. I also want to calculate how many wells there are per area unit, and update the table with that value as well.  import arcpy featureClass = "C:/Lesson5_Data/Colorado_cities.shp" fieldList = "*"  with arcpy.da.SearchCursor(featureClass, fieldList) as cursor: for row in cursor: print row[4  population = 10000  whereClause = '"POP2007" &gt;= ' + str(population Position of adverbs I am bit confused when it comes to the positioning of adverbs determinations in a sentence.   I was told that you can place them almost everywhere like in:     To be a teacher not only means to teach a language...   &nbsp;     To be a teacher means not only to teach a language   Placing adverbs at the beginning or the end of the sentence is not a big problem, as far as I know, but what about the rest.   Are there rules for all this or can you place them anywhere including normal adverbs like "passionately" etc.? locale not found/setting locale failed - what should I do? I've installed Debian 7 i386 on my VPS (OpenVZ). Everything works fine, except locales - any attempt to install anything shows:  [...] perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:     LANGUAGE = (unset),     LC_ALL = (unset),     LANG = "pl_PL.UTF-8"     are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory [...]   What I've tried:   Generating locales myself - update-locale LC_ALL="pl_PL.UTF-8" - shows:  apt-get install --reinstall locales  The same with dpkg-reconfigure locales + setting pl_PL.UTF-8, pl_PL.ISO-8859-2 or even en_US:  export LC_ALL=pl_PL.UTF-8 (even on root):  -bash: warning: setlocale: LC_ALL: cannot change locale (pl_PL.UTF-8)    Here is what shows locale:  root:~# locale locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory LANG=pl_PL.UTF-8 LANGUAGE= LC_CTYPE="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_NUMERIC="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_TIME="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_COLLATE="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_MONETARY="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_MESSAGES="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_PAPER="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_NAME="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_ADDRESS="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_TELEPHONE="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_MEASUREMENT="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_IDENTIFICATION="pl_PL.UTF-8" LC_ALL=   Nothing interesting found in /var/log. Even changing repo to official + purge and manual installation locales doesn't solve my problem, which manifests itself on each fresh installation of Debian 7. What are the best methods to show a data table in mobile / tablet view? What is a simple way of downloading a file from a URL path? How to prove $\vdash\neg P\to (P\to Q)$? I am trying to prove,  $$\vdash\neg P\to (P\to Q)$$  where $P$ and $Q$ are arbitrary but otherwise fixed formulas. The only axioms and rule of inference that I can use are,  $\color{crimson}{\text{Axiom 1.}}\  P\to (Q\to P)$ $\color{crimson}{\text{Axiom 2.}}\  (S\to (P\to Q))\to((S\to P)\to (S\to Q))$ $\color{crimson}{\text{Axiom 3.}}\  (\neg Q\to\neg P)\to(P\to Q)$ $\color{crimson}{\text{Rule of Inference.}}$ .  I know that in Angelo Margaris's book First Order Mathematical Logic there is a proof (page 53) but as I have mentioned , the dot notation seems very confusing and translating them to the nested parentheses notation seems very difficult to me. So, I am trying on my own to prove the result. Can anyone help? What to do when someone other than the author changes a question to fix a substantive problem with the code See . Someone other than the OP changed the code to address a substantial problem with the it that was addressed as part of my answer. The problem was admittedly peripheral to the core question, but it was a primary differentiator between my answer and another answer submitted at the same time.  Any suggestions on what to do in this situation? Leave it be? Edit it back? Something else?  Update: I just found , from the "Related Links" section on the right, which is pretty relevant. I have to keep remembering to check there rather than just searching for answers. Measuring accuracy of latitude and longitude? Why close and not migrate? I am a PhD student in mechE. After paying the first year tuition out of pocket, I accepted a PhD project due to desperation for funding. However, after an year I realized that I hate the project. Here I made a mistake of not leaving/changing the project, I just waited out hoping I would like the project. I also asked my advisor a couple for a different project and he did not want to change my project due to sponsor obligations. For some reason I couldn’t assert myself and stayed on. However my hate for the project only grew with time and now I am in my fifth year. I have reached a stage where I absolutely hate the project and don’t know what to do. I can hardly do any work. I feel like quitting everyday and still feel it is wrong to quit this late. I have a very substandard thesis. I am lost and feel stuck, please advise on what to do. Thanks From an array of objects, extract value of a property as array Why is $\frac{1}{\frac{1}{0}}$ undefined?