I know my password on my server, but is there a command to check the password?  I can't use ssh because my ssh key is already copied, so is not useful.  I need something to ask me for the root password, and then tell me if it's wrong or not.   The question is not about checking whether a password is valid or right, but if the password is the real password, because when you login with ssh keys, you don't really use the password.
The scenario:  In a bash script, I have to check if a password given by a user is a valid user password.   I.e suppose I have a user A with password PA.. In the script I asked user A to enter his password, So how to check if the string entered is really his password?...
Is transferring to another university an option for an unhappy PhD student? I've heard of people transferring between graduate schools because of their advisor moving to another school and taking their students with them.   Do students ever transfer for other reasons? If a student isn't happy at the school they choose, could transferring be an option? Presumably they would frame it as something positive such as "turns out I really want to work with Professor X" rather than "I hate my school", but does this ever happen? Is there a certain timeframe in which this is possible? (Assume it's a 5 year PhD program.)  If the answer varies by subject please mention the subject in your answer.  (Context: many friends have told me that if it turns out I'm not happy with my choice, I can always transfer. My impression is that this is actually difficult since many schools don't accept transfer students and in any case not being able to stick with a program looks bad -- but I don't have evidence either way so wanted to ask people who are in academia. Of course the ideal would be to pick a school one is happy with in the first place!) biblatex: per-entry language switching According to biblatex manual (p.24), the hyphenation field in a bib-entry switches language on per-entry basis:     hyphenation field    The language of the bibliography entry. The identifier must be a language name   known to the babel package. This information may be used to switch hyphenation   patterns and localize strings in the bibliography.   This functionality seemed to not work. I just used an example of bib base that comes with biblatex documentation to print the entire bibliography.   \documentclass[a4paper]{article} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[german,american]{babel} \usepackage{csquotes} \usepackage[style=numeric,backend=biber]{biblatex} \addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib} \begin{document} \nocite{*} \printbibliography \end{document}   The bibliography contains few entries in German. However in the printed list of references they are formatted with english strings.     [8] Averroes. Drei Abhandlungen über die Conjunction des separaten Intellects   mit dem Menschen. Von Averroes (Vater und Sohn), aus dem   Arabischen übersetzt von Samuel Ibn Tibbon. Ed. and trans. by J. Hercz.   Berlin: S. Hermann, 1869.   Per-entry language switching is provided by the  bundle of bst style for BibTeX. Looking through biblatex internal code, I've got an impression that biblatex needs major re-implementation in order to provide similar functionality. Or am I wrong? Easy is to beginner as medium is to I want to display three levels in my game...but I don't know what the text should say.  easy -&gt; Beginner  medium -&gt; ?  hard -&gt; Expert   Basically, I want the form that describes the person playing the game, instead of the game itself. What adjective is best?  I have considered adept.  I doubt my users will know what adept means. Also, I need something in between expert and beginner. Adept falls into the expert category. Is there anything more common that I can use, that has the same impact as the other two words I mentioned?  Proficient would work, theoretically, but in day-to-day term, the levels "beginner - proficient - expert" won't sound great. Mark my own question as favorite? How can I disable landscape mode in Android? How do I change the screen resolution using Ubuntu command line? I installed Ubuntu and the resolution of the desktop is so big that it only shows about 50% of the screen, but is shows up normal while using command line.   What should I type in the command line to change the desktop screen resolution? Given Newton's third law, why are things capable of moving? Given Newton's third law, why is there motion at all? Should not all forces even themselves out, so nothing moves at all? When I push a table using my finger, the table applies the same force onto my finger like my finger does on the table just with an opposing direction, nothing happens except that I feel the opposing force. But why can I push a box on a table by applying force ($F=ma$) on one side, obviously outbalancing the force the box has on my finger and at the same time outbalancing the friction the box has on the table? I obviously have the greater mass and acceleration as for example the matchbox on the table and thusly I can move it, but shouldn't the third law prevent that from even happening? Shouldn't the matchbox just accommodate to said force and applying the same force to me in opposing direction? How to test apex classes with Pagereference? I'm struggling to test a class with pagereference. Following is the class...  public with sharing class redirectOrderPartner{  public String currentRecordId {get;set;} public orders__c orderId {get;set;}  public redirectOrderPartner(ApexPages.StandardController controller) {      }     Public Pagereference go(){      currentRecordId  = ApexPages.CurrentPage().getparameters().get('orderid');      system.debug('---currentRecordId  ---'+currentRecordId  );     orderId = [select id from orders__c where name =: currentRecordId limit 1];      system.debug('---orderid---'+orderId);      PageReference pageRef = new PageReference('/apex/OrderTrackingClass?id='+orderId.id);     pageRef.setRedirect(true);     return pageRef;    }   }   Following is what I tried....    @isTest  public class redirectOrderPartner_TEST  {             static testMethod void Test(){            Account acc = new Account(Name='ABC Corp.');           insert acc;            orders__c tempOrder = new orders__c(name = '0001234567', account__c = acc.id );           insert tempOrder;            Test.startTest();            PageReference pageRef = Page.redirectOrderPartner;           Test.setCurrentPage(pageRef);            ApexPages.Standardcontroller sc = new ApexPages.Standardcontroller(tempOrder);           ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters().put('Id',tempOrder.name);           PW_redirectOrderPartner ec = new redirectOrderPartner(sc);           ec.go();                                   Test.stopTest();       }   } I get the following error message on testing..     System.QueryException: List has no rows for assignment to SObject   What am I missing? Thanks Difference between $\mathbb C$ and $\mathbb R^2$ What are the basic differences between $\mathbb C$ and $\mathbb R^2$?  The points in these two sets are written as ordered pairs, I mean the structure looks similar to me. So what is the reason to denote these two sets differently? I have seen many folks doing this  concluding that shadow from point A on the Moon can travel to point B on the Moon faster than light.  What I fail to understand here (and I am sure I am wrong), is nothing can travel faster than light. I also read about Relativity where Einstein stated that every event happening for you depends on how fast the light gets from where the event is happening to you.  This is my particular problem with this Moon shadow experiment. You cannot make a shadow travel faster than light, because in order for the "disappearance" of light to get to the Moon, it has to travel at light speed.  Here is one way to understand my point. Consider we shine a flashlight on Moon, like the guy in the linked video did, we move the finger across the face of the flashlight, before we moved the finger it was casting the shadow at Point A on Moon, after we finish moving our finger, the shadow is at Point B on the Moon.  When the finger reaches the end of it's moving length, the light waves that have left the flashlight before the finger reached there will have to hit Point B and it will take them a second and a half to get there, and another second and half for us to see that shadow on point B, which makes it 3 seconds + finger moving time for us to actually see the shadow at point B. That means shadow traveled (say) across the diameter of the Moon in 3 seconds.   So. about 3000 Km in ~3 seconds make it 1000 Km per seconds which is very tiny compared to the speed of light. How can these experiments conclude that Shadow could be made to travel faster than light? What is the obvious clue that I am missing here? Fine, the 's math  did in the old pop-up. That makes sense. But this is just silly. Why do I need to be notified that a post I downvoted got deleted?    (The title links next to the red -1s were removed from the screenshot by me. They're present in the real pop-up.)  So I can break out a bottle of the '82 Rothschild? It's especially pointless because there's  that caused the change.  Please don't display the Rep Signal when the change is only due to someone else's deleted posts. MySQL 5.5.16 allows anonymous connections Apparently, I can connect to MySQL (at least from my localhost) without having to provide any username or password. I can even put anything as username, as long as the password is empty. I have access to the information_schema and test databases. I can create tables. If I run SELECT USER() it returns the proper value randomstring@localhost, where the random string is whatever I used for username when I connected.  The mysql.user table contains root@localhost, root@127.0.0.1, @localhost and pma@localhost. I manually set encrypted passwords to all the records (UPDATE user SET password=...) and only root has any privileges, the other two records have "N" for all privileges. That record with the empty username looks suspicious, but I don't think it has anything to do with this and I think it was there from the beginning.  To make matters worse, if I add a user with a password, I can only connect using empty string as password (just like if I put anything as username). If I try to connect using the username I created and password I supplied when creating it (CREATE USER .. IDENTIFIED BY ..) it doesn't work.  Does anyone know what is wrong and how I can fix this?  Note: I am using MySQL 5.5.16 for Windows, provided by the XAMPP package. Why did Obi-Wan Kenobi choose that moment to appear to Luke? How do you cast a List of supertypes to a List of subtypes? Adding other css files to wp_head Countable sets have the same cardinality as the natural numbers (or a subset of the natural numbers, depending on who you ask).  Can one make the same claim about uncountable sets and real numbers?  In other words, do all uncountable sets have same cardinality as real numbers? Adding dynamic text to layout from attribute table with Data Driven Pages I was trying to figure out how to use dynamic text from an attribute table in a collection of Data Driven Pages in ArcGIS 10.   I've looked in the help files, but can't find anything on dynamic text from attribute tables. Give $\ker(\phi)$  for $\phi: \mathbb{Z} \to \mathbb{Z_7}$ such that $\phi(1) = 4$  So the generator of $\mathbb{Z}$ maps to $4$ and $\langle 4 \rangle = \{0,1,2,3,4,5,6\}$ so it has order seven.  so $\ker(\phi) = 7\mathbb{Z}$ because every seventh element will map to the identity under the given map. Is that the correct reasoning? Recursive matching with regular expressions in Javascript align xticks in PGFPlots The text xticks are not placed on the same line, rather the same height counting from the highest letter (zero is much higher than high and low).    How can you fix this?  MWE:  \documentclass[class=scrartcl,14pt]{standalone} \usepackage{fontspec} \usepackage{luatex85} \usepackage{unicode-math} \usepackage{tikz} \usepackage{pgfplots,pgfplotstable} \usepackage{calc} \usepgfplotslibrary{groupplots} \pgfplotsset{compat=newest}  \begin{document}  \begin{tikzpicture} \begin{groupplot}[group style={group size=1 by 1, horizontal sep=2cm, xlabels at=edge bottom }, %~ yticklabel style={/pgf/number format/fixed}, %~ xticklabel style={/pgf/number format/fixed}, scaled y ticks = false, scaled x ticks = false, xtick pos=left, ytick pos=left, %xlabel=time (week) ] \nextgroupplot[xmin=0.5,xmax=3.5,xtick={1,2,3},ymin=2.43,ymax=3.05,xticklabels={zero, low , high}, xlabel={label}]  \end{groupplot}  \end{tikzpicture}  \end{document}