I found out today that the term for pet names used in an affectionate or an endearing way is hypocorism, I searched online but I couldn't find a term for nicknames used in a derisive sense, such as a term for a teacher that pupils hate. In a sense it would be an antonym for hypocorism, maybe I'm overlooking something obvious.  Looking at the etymology, hypocorism comes the Greek verb for speaking in a childish manner, which itself is a compound of 'underneath' and 'to caress'. It doesn't appear to provide an easy antonym.
Is there a single word or very short phrase to describe the act of contemptuously referring to someone by using a diminutive "nickname", with which that person is not normally associated?  For example, referring to Henry Wadsworth Longfellow as Hank Longfellow? Or William Penn as Billy Penn?
How to render an animation as video in Blender? Yesterday I was working on a simple animation, an animated logo.   Here is an image of the progress:    I already have the animation working and everything is okay with the project, but I can't figure out how I can render the animation and turn it into an AVI format video.  How do I render an animation in Blender? Can a concentration spell be cast without actually concentrating on it for an "instant" effect? The book says:     Concentration. Some spells require you to maintain concentration in order to keep   their magic active. If you lose concentration, such a spell ends.   So what happens if, for example, you are already concentrating on a spell, and cast Witch Bolt without concentrating. Would you get the initial arc of blue energy, or would it not even go off?  I am asking if you can cast a spell that says concentration without concentrating for an immediate effect. This would be useful to avoid interrupting your existing concentration. In essence, if you are concentrating on thing A (doesn't have to be a spell since other things need concentration), can you cast a concentration spell getting an immediate effect without losing concentration on thing A?  Since the definition of concentration is to keep the spell active (meaning it is already active) I would think that you would get the initial effect (if it had one) without the need to concentrate on it. Overriding the java equals() method - not working? I ran into an interesting (and very frustrating) issue with the equals() method today which caused what I thought to be a well tested class to crash and cause a bug that took me a very long time to track down.   Just for completeness, I wasn't using an IDE or debugger - just good old fashioned text editor and System.out's. Time was very limited and it was a school project.  Anyhow -   I was developing a basic shopping cart which could contain an ArrayList of Book objects. In order to implement the addBook(), removeBook(), and hasBook() methods of the Cart, I wanted to check if the Book already existed in the Cart. So off I go -  public boolean equals(Book b) {     ... // More code here - null checks     if (b.getID() == this.getID()) return true;     else return false; }   All works fine in testing. I create 6 objects and fill them with data. Do many adds, removes, has() operations on the Cart and everything works fine. I read that you can either have equals(TYPE var) or equals(Object o) { (CAST) var } but assumed that since it was working, it didn't matter too much.  Then I ran into a problem - I needed to create a Book object with only the ID in it from within the Book class. No other data would be entered into it. Basically the following:  public boolean hasBook(int i) {     Book b = new Book(i);     return hasBook(b); }  public boolean hasBook(Book b) {     // .. more code here     return this.books.contains(b); }   All of a sudden, the equals(Book b) method no longer works. This took a VERY long time to track down without a good debugger and assuming the Cart class was properly tested and correct. After swaapping the equals() method to the following:  public boolean equals(Object o) {     Book b = (Book) o;     ... // The rest goes here    }   Everything began to work again. Is there a reason the method decided not to take the Book parameter even though it clearly  was  a Book object? The only difference seemed to be it was instantiated from within the same class, and only filled with one data member. I'm very very confused. Please, shed some light? How can I stop Ubuntu Dock from extending to the edges? By default Ubuntu Dock in Ubuntu 17.10 and later releases always extends to the edges (top-bar-to-bottom if placed on the left or right and left-to-right when placed at the bottom) even when it's not filled with icons. Is there a way to prevent this behaviour (i.e. I want to make the dock-length flexible so that as the number of application icons in the dock increases, it should expand accordingly)?  ➡️➡️➡️  In other words, is there a way make Ubuntu Dock look like a &quot;proper dock&quot; instead of a side/bottom panel with full-height/width? Extract all the polygon coordinates from a SpatialPolygonsDataframe? I want to do something relatively simply but it seems to be very difficult to do, though I am very new to using R for spatial data so apologies if I've missed something obvious.  I have a list containing 161 shapefiles of bird distributions in the world, they are each in the format of a SpatialPolygonsDataFrame. I also have world climate data in a raster stack format for 8 variables. Both sets of files are in the same projection (lat and long WGS84). I want to create new columns for the climate data with 1's where the species polygon overlaps with the climate data and 0 where it doesn't. I tried various functions to do this, quite a few initial options didn't work, the best option appeared to be:  pnt.in.poly(XY coordinates of climate data points, XY coordinates of species polygon)   I changed my raster of climate data into points to get the XY coordinates. I unified the polygons for each species shapefile and then used:  species@polygons[[1]]@Polygons[[1]]@cords   to get the coordinates for my species polygons as a matrix. However, I discovered that:  species@polygons[[1]]@Polygons[[1]]@coords    wasn't actually getting all the coordinates of the polygons only some of them.  I tried using fortify from the ggplot package, and it gives me a dataframe with coordinates but some of them are for holes in the polygons. I ran that with the pnt.in.poly function excluding the holes but it took an hour to run and when I looked at the output maps after it matched for some of the range but not all of it- there were holes in the distribution where there shouldn't be holes.   I also tried this method that I found somewhere else:  lonlat &lt;- lapply(slot(species, "polygons"), function(x) lapply(slot(x,"Polygons"), function(y) slot(y, "coords")))    which gives me a list with 436 items- but I'm still not sure how to get the coordinates into a matrix form that will work in pnt.in.poly.  I'm sure this should be easier to do! Does anyone know a better way? How to Straighten Curved UVs into Straight Belt Is my model any good, based on the diagnostic metric ($R^2$/ AUC/ accuracy/ RMSE etc.) value? I've fitted my model and am trying to understand whether it's any good. I've calculated the recommended metrics to assess it ($R^2$/ AUC / accuracy / prediction error / etc) but do not know how to interpret them. In short, how do I tell if my model is any good based on the metric? Is an $R^2$ of 0.6 (for example) sufficient to let me proceed to draw inferences or base scientific/business decisions?     This question is intentionally broad, to cover a wide variety of situations that members frequently encounter; such questions could be closed as duplicates of this one. Edits to broaden the scope beyond the metrics mentioned here are welcome, as are additional answers - particularly those that offer insight about other classes of metrics. Activity restart on rotation Android The full question: suppose N is normal in G and $[G:N]=p$ is a prime. Prove that for any $K \leq G$, either (1) $K \leq N$ or (2)$KN=G$ and $[K:K \cap N]=p$.  Since $N,K \leq G$, it is of course possible that $K \leq N$ could happen.  but for (2), we can show $KN \subseteq G$  but how can we show $KN=G$?  And what information does "$[G:N]=p$" give us? Dynamic Symlinks I have built my app for different architectures and would like to create a "dynamic symlink" which takes me to the right version based on a variable.   If the machine I am currently logged in to, is x86, then the symlink should take me to that build.  A mocked example of what I want to do:  $ uname -i x86_64  $ ls -ltr  lrwxr-xr-x  1 dogbane gg     4 Feb 16 15:40 mylink -&gt; @sys/ drwxrwxr-x  2 dogbane gg  2048 Feb 16 15:40 x86_64/ drwxrwxr-x  2 dogbane gg  2048 Feb 16 15:40 i386/  $ cd mylink  $ pwd -P ~/x86_64   Is this possible?   I know I can use cd $(uname -i), but want something simpler. After most recent kernel update (4.15.0-44-generic) my tablet freezes whenever plugged into docking station I performed the most recent kernel update on my Dell 5290 2-in-1 earlier today.  But moments after I plug it into its docking station, the screen flickers, blanks and freezes.  The only item left on the screen is the mouse pointer, and it is stuck.   If I leave the tablet not plugged in, it runs just fine.  It seems to be the docking station that triggers the freeze.  That said, I can log into the tablet via ssh even with the screen frozen.  So the system is still running.  But if I try to reboot the tablet via the reboot command, nothing appears to happen. sudo reboot -f will reboot the system, while sudo reboot will not.  Any ideas where I should start looking to identify this problem? How to use PSTricks in pdfLaTeX? How do I resolve samba share to IP address or host name I have a list of hosts in the network providing shares via SAMBA. How can I determine either IP address or the host name of one particular host, e.g. the one with the name “SASAK02”.  The output of smbtree is as follows  WORKGROUP     \\SASAK02                    \\SAURA-PC1                  \\PC-VAN-DAMME US tourism/business visa from non-resident country I applied for multiple visas before (not US visa), but all of them were from my residence country. In all of these cases, I can get official paper which support my evidence (bank statement, letter which states I am employed with high salary, marriage certificate, security clearance, ...).  It is the same question as , but I am not residing; I have a business visa.  case-specific details: I am from Egypt, I have business visa for Ireland. While in Ireland, I want to apply for US business visa.  Why not to apply from Egypt? Because the waiting time is too long (75 days). The waiting time in Ireland in only 18 days. Both visits (Ireland, US) are short visits (3 weeks for each). Ping a site in Python? This is a  about setting up .     I have an office with many computers that share a single external ip (I'm unsure if the address is static or dynamic). Each computer connects to our mail server via IMAP using outlook. Email is sent and received by those computers, and some users send and receive email on their mobile phones as well.  I am using  to generate an SPF record and I'm unsure about some of the fields in the wizard, specifically:   Enter any other domains who may send or relay mail for this domain Enter any IP addresses in CIDR format for netblocks that originate or relay mail for this domain Enter any other hosts which can send or relay mail for this domain How stringent should SPF-aware MTA's treat this?   the first few questions i'm fairly certain about... hope i have given enough info. How to never "allow this device to access photos and videos"? Recommend a statistics fundamentals book To give you some background, I have a grasp on the basics of statistics and probability theory and even remember touching Bayes theorem at the university data mining course. But being a few years away from the university made my math got extremely rusty (so much for last-minute pre-exam cramming). While I remember various random basic concepts, there are a lot of gaps in my understanding of them.  What would be a good material (a book, a site, or otherwise equally accessible medium) to revise the fundamentals and go beyond basics? I'd like a book that can be actually read as a book (most statistics books are really dry and are close to being reference material, rather than a book). Selecting attribute values with html Agility Pack I'm trying to retrieve a specific image from a html document, using html agility pack and this xpath:  //div[@id='topslot']/a/img/@src   As far as I can see, it finds the src-attribute, but it returns the img-tag. Why is that?  I would expect the InnerHtml/InnerText or something to be set, but both are empty strings. OuterHtml is set to the complete img-tag.  Are there any documentation for Html Agility Pack? I have a webpage that implements a set of tabs each showing different content. The tab clicks do not refresh the page but hide/unhide contents at the client side.  Now there is a requirement to change the page title according to the tab selected on the page ( for SEO reasons ). Is this possible? Can someone suggest a solution to dynamically alter the page title via javascript without reloading the page?