I was wondering if, in the case where I use the same set of predictors for different kind of models (e.g. ANOVA, Poisson GLM, logistic regression...), VIF values for each predictor would be similar across models or if they would vary depending on response variables and model types (e.g. logistic vs. Poisson GLM)? EDIT: the helpful comments below confirmed my idea that, since correlations among predictors are independent of response variables, VIF values should be similar across model types. However, if I understand explanations from EdM correctly (in the comments as well as  and ), the actual effects of predictors multicollinearity on coefficients will vary between models fitted with ordinary least squares and those using Maximum Likelihood. Consequently, the use of generalized VIF (GVIF; see also ) or  for each model is recommended.  Still, I am unsure about the two following things:  Does that mean that VIF/GVIF values would be indifferent to model misspecification/overfitting? I'd figure that it is perhaps not a good idea to compute correlations with an inappropriate sample size. To illustrate my questioning with a ridiculous example, would it be okay to compute GVIF for 30 predictors in a model with only 50 observations?  Does that make any sense to preventively drop redundant predictors before actually assessing the effects of this multicollinearity on coefficient estimates?
As far as I know, the variance inflation factor is not computed with pseudo-$R^{2}$ or generalized $R^{2}$ in binary outcome models (e.g. logistic regression).  Are there other measures of multi-colinearity than VIF appropriate to such models?  Why ought or ought not we think about multi-colinearity in such models?
Limit position rigidbody How can I limit the position of a rigidbody, between two values ​​if I use this code:  public Vector3 dir;  Rigidbody rb;  void Awake() {     rb = GetComponent&lt;Rigidbody&gt;(); }  void FixedUpdate() {     rb.velocity = new Vector3(0f, 0f, 6f);      rb.AddForce(dir * 1f, ForceMode.VelocityChange); }   If I use Vector3.Clamp then the object will shake Suppose that we don't know logarithm, then how we would able to calculate $\sqrt x$, where $x$ is a real number? More generally, is there any algorithm to calculate $\sqrt [ n ]{ x } $ without using logarithm? More simple techniques would be nice.  Here is a simple technique used to approximate square roots by :  For example: $\sqrt {78}\approx 8\frac { 14 }{ 17 } $ , where $8$ is the nearest integer root of $78$, $14 = 78 - 8^2$, $17 = 2 \times 8 + 1$.  if $n=2^k$ we can use the method above.   For example, for $k=2$ Lets calculate $\sqrt [ 4 ]{ 136 } $: $$\sqrt [ 4 ]{ 136 } =\sqrt { \sqrt { 136 }  } \approx \sqrt { 11\frac { 136-{ 11 }^{ 2 } }{ 11\times 2+1 }  } =\sqrt { 11\frac { 15 }{ 23 }  } \\ \sqrt { 11\frac { 15 }{ 23 }  } \approx 3\frac { 11\frac { 15 }{ 23 } -{ 3 }^{ 2 } }{ 3\times 2+1 } =\frac { 544 }{ 161 } =3.38\\$$ The exact result is$$ \sqrt [ 4 ]{ 136 } =3.4149\cdots$$ The method approximates well, but it is working for only $n=2^k$ as I know. Let $E$ be a Banach space, $\mathcal B(E)$ the Banach space of linear bounded operators and $\mathcal I$ the set of all invertible linear bounded operators from $E$ to $E$. We know that $\mathcal I$ is an open set, and if $E$ is finite dimensional then $\mathcal I$ is dense in $\mathcal B(E)$. It's not true that $\mathcal I$ is dense if we can find $T\in\mathcal B(E)$ injective, non surjective with $T(E)$ closed in $E$, since such an operator cannot be approximated in the norm on $\mathcal B(E)$ by elements of $\mathcal I$ (in particular $E$ has to be infinite dimensional).  So the question is (maybe a little vague): is there a nice characterization of $\overline{\mathcal I}^{\mathcal B(E)}$ when $E$ is infinite dimensional? Is the case of Hilbert space simpler? Asks a question; never responds to answers/comments What do we call someone who asks a question and never responds to answers/comments?    Think of it more as "a pattern of behavior" (somebody who has asked many questions and never responded). I had unresponsive in mind, but that doesn't say that they asked in the first place. Correct way to use include and includeonly when writing a large document like a thesis I am writing a large document with several chapters and I would like to work on each chapter separately. In my main.tex I include the chapters either like   \include{chap1.tex}  \include{chap2.tex}  \include{chap3.tex}   or   \input{chap1.tex}  \input{chap2.tex}  \input{chap3.tex}   I think \include is preferable if I want things to be referenced and cited correctly? but doing it the \include way latex main.tex I don't get any dvi output whereas with \input things compile fine to dvi. What's going wrong here?  I would then like to use \includeonly (or \excludeonly ) to work on individual sections of the document whilst maintaining the referencing etc.  A mwe can be handy:  \documentclass[a4paper,10pt]{article} \includeonly{chap1}  \begin{document}   \include{chap1}   \include{chap2}   \include{chap3} \end{document} Do the 46 human chromosomes form a single unbroken DNA helix?  Or is it rather that a human's genome consists of 46 disconnected helices?    If it is the former, does the common numbering scheme for the chromosomes have any correlation to their actual ordering in the one large strand?  If is the latter, is there a convention on how the chromosomes are ordered in genomic datasets?  Also, is there a clear understanding of how sister chromosomes "find" each other in Meiosis I?  Generally, during periods when Mitosis/Meiosis are not occurring,  what's a good physical picture for how the chromosomes are physically arranged (e.g. a bowl of 46 spaghetti noodles, or maybe the sister chromosomes always stay close together, etc)  thanks! Is $\int \frac{1}{2x} \, dx $ equal to $\frac{\ln|2x|}{2}+ C$ or $\frac{\ln|x|}{2}+ C$ Reasoning for $\frac{\ln|x|}{2}+ C$ :  $$\int  \frac{1}{(2x)}  \, dx = \frac{\ln|2x|}{2}+ C$$   Check: By taking derivative we get $\frac{1}{x}$  Reasoning for $\frac{\ln|x|}{2}+ C$ :  $$\int  \frac{1}{2x}  \, dx = \frac{1}{2}\int  \frac{1}{x}  \, dx =\frac{\ln|x|}{2}+ C$$  Check: By taking derivative we get $\frac{1}{x}$  Question: Is  $\int  \frac{1}{2x}  \, dx $ equal to $\frac{\ln|2x|}{2}+ C$ or $\frac{\ln|x|}{2}+ C$? What is the speed of sound in space? Given that space is not a perfect vacuum, what is the speed of sound therein? Google was not very helpful in this regard, as the only answer I found was $300\,{\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$, from , which is not a source I'd be willing to cite. How to delete a file with a path too long to be deleted In school, I have always seen sets. I was watching a video the other day about functors, and they started talking about a set being a collection, but not vice-versa. I also heard people talking about classes. What is their relation? Some background would be nice.   It has to do with something called Russell's paradox, but I don't know what that is.   I think that the difference between a family and a set is that the former is a function and the latter is a set. Is this right? Distance between footnote and the line above it What is the Python equivalent of static variables inside a function? What is the idiomatic Python equivalent of this C/C++ code?  void foo() {     static int counter = 0;     counter++;     printf("counter is %d\n", counter); }   specifically, how does one implement the static member at the function level, as opposed to the class level? And does placing the function into a class change anything? Limit of ${a_n}^{1/n}$ is equal to $\lim_{n\to\infty} a_{n+1}/a_n$ Today my lecturer put up on the board that:  If $\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}$ exists and $a_n&gt;0$ then   $\displaystyle \limsup\limits_{n\to\infty}\left(a_n^{\frac{1}{n}}\right)=\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac{a_{n+1}}{a_n}$  however I am not sure why this is true, can somebody give me a hint or something as to how to go about proving this.  thanks for any help I was trying to fix my audio problems using suggestions from . One of the comments suggested I execute this and only this:     killall pulseaudio   So I did, and I restarted my computer just in case, but all it did was remove my soundcard and I still couldn't hear anything. Now I don't know how to get my soundcard back.  Please note that I am extremely inexperienced when it comes to Ubuntu. "He was neither seer nor prophet" How would you explain the absence of an article? Here's a fragment from Jack London's Star Rover:     Wordsworth knew. He was neither seer nor prophet, but just ordinary man like you or any man. What he knew you know, any man knows. But he most aptly stated it in his passage that begins "Not in utter nakedness, not in entire forgetfulness.   To the best of my — admittedly sketchy — knowledge of grammar, the second sentence should read neither a seer nor (a) prophet, but just an ordinary man. Even if we accept the seer and the prophet as "poetic entities" ("father and son," "robber and robbed," "man to man," or whatever), logic would still dictate that ordinary man should be preceded by an an.  It is a well-known fact that Jack London's usage wasn't always up to par; his grammar, on the other hand, was always top-notch.  Logically, the sentence is grammatically incorrect (correct me if I'm wrong: no pun intended).  Illogically, it reads smoothly: intuitively, a native speaker understands that there's nothing wrong here.  However, those to whom English is not the first language cannot be expected to be intuitive in this case and would want an explanation. Any suggestions? Why did Palpatine wait so long before giving Order 66? How do I register a custom URL protocol in Windows? How do I register a custom protocol with Windows so that when clicking a link in an email or on a web page my application is opened and the parameters from the URL are passed to it? Accessing site-specific Help Center from iOS app Can the Stack Exchange developers add an option to access the site-specific Help Center via the iOS app?  My use case is when I read a question that I think is off-topic, and want to double-check that the wording from the site's Help supports that position, having the Help Center available would be nice. Why can't I use a type argument in a type parameter with multiple bounds? How to restrict some websites in Ubuntu 14.04