As the temperature increases, the resistivity of conductor also increases why?
We know that in high temperature, resistivity in metals goes linearly with temperature. As temperature is lowered, resistivity goes first as $T^5$ due to "electron-phonon" interaction, and then goes as $T^2$ as temperature is further lowered due to "electron-electron" interactions.   My question is, is there an intuitive way of understanding the above power-law dependence at each temperature range physically?
How do I turn on workspaces? (Why do I only have one workspace?) It appears that Unity on Raring only comes with a single virtual desktop (aka workspaces) by default, and CCSM's Wall plugin has no way to add more. Is this configurable at all? How to copy text out of a PDF without losing formatting? Counting area percentage of overlapping polygons I have a set of points (meteorological stations) with 5km buffers around them. Additionally, I have a set of polygons (municipalities) in which those stations are located.  I would like to have data on how much of the buffer is filled by each polygon but I was not able to find a function or a way to do it. So for example for point A I would have that in the buffer of 5km there is 80% of polygon B and 20% of polygon C as the output.  Edit:  The anwsers provided do anwser this question in a setting in which I know what polygons and buffers I need to have in the code or when I can do it manualy. Problem is that in my setting with 1 shapefile having 500 polygons and one vector layer having 13000 buffers I am unable to do this manually and I am asking if there is an easier way to do it. I tried implementing the approaches in the questions but I was unable to use them on my example in big scale. Moreover I had problems with coding that I also noted in comments down below.   Main difference to the other similar question provided is that I have 2 vector layers (Buffer with 500 buffers and Municipalities a shape file with 500 different polygons). Previous questions were analyzing this question in situations in which I know precisely the polygons and buffers analyzed, at least that is how I understood them, so after trying to use those approaches on my datasets I was not able to replicate them.  Another way of approaching this problem for me is to use join attributes by location -one-to-many and then getting averages of the duplicate results, only problem is that then I take average of polygons instead of their weights corresponding to % of intersection with the buffer. In my case I do not know what polygons of the shapefile are going to intersect what buffers, or even if the buffer is going to be intersected by 1,2 or more polygons How are multiple volunteers handled during the Reaping? While skimming through the first few chapters of The Hunger Games to answer another question, I noticed this sentence when Katniss is describing the rules surrounding volunteers after Prim's name is called (at the beginning of the second chapter):     In some districts, in which winning the reaping is such a great honor, people are eager to risk their lives, the volunteering is complicated.   The only reason I can see for volunteering being complicated is if there's more than one volunteer for a particular year, and I don't recall this ever being addressed in the books.  Is there anything in the books that I've missed or any reliable, external sources (interviews or other supplementary material by the author) that explain exactly how this situation is resolved? Is an Anti-Symmetric Relation also Reflexive? According to the definition of an Anti-Symmetric Relation if xRy and yRx then x = y  Which means, effectively, x is in relation with itself. Does this mean that anti-symmetry implies reflexive property as well? Short story with competitors complaining to government about a new very popular synthetic food Why do we need virtual functions in C++? When comments get too chatty the move-to-chat feature asks if you'd like to move it out. But this often happens after the fact and thus doesn't prevent it.   I propose that:   Move-to-chat be provided as a button along side so that a user who knows their question or conversation may become drawn out may elect to preempt and take the conversation "off-line" How can I detect the encoding/codepage of a text file In our application, we receive text files (.txt, .csv, etc.) from diverse sources. When reading, these files sometimes contain garbage, because the files where created in a different/unknown codepage.  Is there a way to (automatically) detect the codepage of a text file?   The detectEncodingFromByteOrderMarks, on the StreamReader constructor, works for UTF8  and other unicode marked files, but I'm looking for a way to detect code pages, like ibm850, windows1252.     Thanks for your answers, this is what I've done.  The files we receive are from end-users, they do not have a clue about codepages. The receivers are also end-users, by now this is what they know about codepages: Codepages exist, and are annoying.  Solution:    Open the received file in Notepad, look at a garbled piece of text. If somebody is called François or something, with your human intelligence you can guess this. I've created a small app that the user can use to open the file with, and enter a text that user knows it will appear in the file, when the correct codepage is used.  Loop through all codepages, and display the ones that give a solution with the user provided text.  If more as one codepage pops up, ask the user to specify more text. Chrome's default search engine is .  How we can force chrome to use  without https?  I need a solution that allows proxies to rewrite my URLs, but https currently makes this impossible... Related posts display randomly by tag I would like to ask that what code should i add in order to make my related posts by tag to display randomly? I got this code from somewhere else.  &lt;?php $orig_post = $post; global $post; $tags = wp_get_post_tags($post-&gt;ID); if ($tags) { $tag_ids = array(); foreach($tags as $individual_tag) $tag_ids[] = $individual_tag-&gt;term_id; $args=array( 'tag__in' =&gt; $tag_ids, 'post__not_in' =&gt; array($post-&gt;ID), 'posts_per_page'=&gt;5, // Number of related posts that will be shown. 'caller_get_posts'=&gt;1 ); $my_query = new wp_query( $args ); if( $my_query-&gt;have_posts() ) { echo '&lt;div id="related"&gt;&lt;h4&gt;Related Posts&lt;/h4&gt;'; while( $my_query-&gt;have_posts() ) { $my_query-&gt;the_post(); ?&gt; &lt;div class="ncc"&gt; &lt;h5&gt;&lt;a href="&lt;? the_permalink()?&gt;" rel="bookmark" title="&lt;?php the_title(); ?&gt;" rel="nofollow"&gt;&lt;?php the_title(); ?&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h5&gt; &lt;?php the_excerpt(); ?&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--ncc--&gt;  &lt;? } echo '&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--related--&gt;'; } } $post = $orig_post; wp_reset_query(); ?&gt;   Any solution? Thanks! Trouble with batch conversion of .png to .pdf using convert Why is the top bar not changed on Stack Exchange, Area 51 and Ask Ubuntu? What is the command to run System Settings from a terminal? System Settings can be run from the launcher (pinned by default), the Dash, or the power cog. But what command would I enter in a terminal window if I want to run it from there? split file lines based on first field I have file with content like below and want to convert my output like below   Input  1,a,b,c 2,b,c 3,e,f 4,l  Required output  1,a 1,b 1,c 2,b 2,c 3,e 3,f 4,l    Values on first field is unique and no duplicate lines for 1st field in the input.  I am new to scripting and not sure how can we do this. Do I really need to encode '&' as '&amp;'? Set horizontal width on custom listings environment I want to create a custom listings environment and want to set its width as something like 90% of textwidth, centred.  Per an  for algorithms, the first thing I tried was to embed the listing in a minipage environment. However, . I found a way to still make standard environment work, but it requires to use the escape command every time before ending the environment.  The second thing I tried was this latter command, but as far as I can see, it doesn't offer a feature to set the width of the listing or centre it.  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{listings} \usepackage{lipsum}   \lstnewenvironment{queryl} %% APPROACH 1  {\lstset{frame=shadowbox,escapechar=`}}  {}  \newenvironment{query} %% APPROACH 2  {\begin{minipage}{4cm}\centering\begin{queryl}}  {\end{queryl}\end{minipage}}   \begin{document} %% APPROACH 1 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis. \begin{queryl} begin { do nothing } end ; \end{queryl} Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis.  %% APPROACH 2 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis.  \begin{query} begin { do nothing } end ;`%&lt;- needs escape-to-LaTeX character to work \end{query}  Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Ut purus elit, vestibulum ut, placerat ac, adipiscing vitae, felis. \end{document}     One can note that for the first environment, the frame extends beyond the width of the text. Also, puzzlingly the minipage environment doesn't seem to want to centre and swallows space (though I guess I could perhaps at least get that to work with tinkering).  In any case, does anyone have any ideas on how to set a width for a custom listings environment and centre it without requiring use of the escape character each time to end the environment? I have some simple python code that searches files for a string e.g. path=c:\path, where the c:\path part may vary. The current code is:  def find_path(i_file):     lines = open(i_file).readlines()     for line in lines:         if line.startswith("Path="):             return # what to do here in order to get line content after "Path=" ?   What is a simple way to get the text after Path=? Prove $\sin^2\theta + \cos^2\theta = 1$ How do you prove the following trigonometric identity: $$ \sin^2\theta+\cos^2\theta=1$$  I'm curious to know of the different ways of proving this depending on different characterizations of sine and cosine. How were the number of rounds for different key sizes of AES selected? The number of AES rounds increases with the key length. Why increase the number of rounds at all, and how were these round counts chosen?