Download of files successful. Power failed about halfway through build.  Have used the tools in grub, e.g fsck to no avail.  Is there a root command that will restart the build from the new files? I'm unable to get to login, network, etc.  I can get in as root from grub restore menu. Norm13
During my attempt to upgrade my Xubuntu 14.04 installation with  sudo apt-get dist-upgrade   I made the mistake of interrupting the process by closing my laptop, which caused it to suspend to disk. After re-opening, the monitor remained black, so I was forced to reboot the system. I have since discovered many failures of drivers (wlan0 missing, USB memory stick cannot be mounted, USB mouse not recognised, and maybe more undiscovered problems with hardware).   My beginner's attempts to manually repair the single problems could have made it even worse. During the installation of the current distribution I chose to encrypt my whole hard disk.
This is a  about Fighting Spam.   Also related:                    There are so many techniques and so much to know about fighting SPAM. What widely used techniques and technologies are available to Administrator, Domain Owners, and End Users to help keep the junk out of our inboxes?  We're looking for an answer that covers different tech from various angles. The accepted answer should include a variety of technologies (eg SPF/SenderID, DomainKeys/DKIM, Graylisting, DNS RBLs, Reputation Services, Filtering Software [SpamAssassin, etc]); best practices (eg mail on Port 25 should never be allowed to relay, Port 587 should be used; etc), terminology (eg, Open Relay, Backscatter, MSA/MTA/MUA, Spam/Ham), and possibly other techniques. When for the first time A new question I answer This haiku appears:     Little slab of meat   In a wash of clear jelly   Now I heat the pan   Such a message is Very strange; is anyone Seeing the same thing?  Have not seen again. Came and went like the wind does! Why I am so blessed? Of course most languages have library functions for this, but suppose I want to do it myself.  Suppose that the float is given like in a C or Java program (except for the 'f' or 'd' suffix), for example "4.2e1", ".42e2" or simply "42". In general, we have the "integer part" before the decimal point, the "fractional part" after the decimal point, and the "exponent". All three are integers.  It is easy to find and process the individual digits, but how do you compose them into a value of type float or double without losing precision?  I'm thinking of multiplying the integer part with 10^n, where n is the number of digits in the fractional part, and then adding the fractional part to the integer part and subtracting n from the exponent. This effectively turns 4.2e1 into 42e0, for example. Then I could use the pow function to compute 10^exponent and multiply the result with the new integer part. The question is, does this method guarantee maximum precision throughout?  Any thoughts on this? I want to run an app in 'kiosk' mode for public unattended access via touch screen (no mouse or keyboard attached). I can already automate a network user logon and then the app launches (but only in last state - not necessarily full screen - which I want) I know with Workgroup Manager you can hide the dock, use simple Finder etc...but need something more powerful. Ideally it needs to monitor if the app crashes out and restart it / log limited user off and back on again.  Thanks  Phil Why should events in C# take (sender, EventArgs)? It's known that you should declare events that take as parameters (object sender, EventArgs args). Why? Can we use an Android phone as a Wi-Fi repeater? Can we use an Android phone as a Wi-Fi repeater?  Imagine situation when you can access a weak Wi-Fi signal from a free hotspot (coffee shop) signal near window, but want to work in the middle of the room. Then we can put the phone on the window sill to spread the signal over the entire home.  Is it feasible? How to completely disable Siri on Sierra? How to be granted root rights while browsing files/directories with Nautilus I'd like to know if there a way to be granted root rights while using Nautilus 2.30 ?   For example I'd like to move some old folders of long unused users from the home directory - remains of previous distros (Debian).   Of course I can open a terminal, but I want to know if it is possible to do that with a mouse in Nautilus. How can I deduce/identify an app from a notification icon? I'm concerned about an app on my child's phone. I saw an app icon in the notification area that looked strange (Andy Android head, slightly tilted as its icon).  How can I find out what app it is from just having seen that icon in the notification bar? How do I determine if my integrated Intel graphics support "Shader Model 3"? I am trying to play a Steam game on Ubuntu.  The game requires "Graphics: Shader model 3".  How do I determine if my integrated Intel graphics support Shader Model 3?  At present, when I launch the game, I hear the audio, but the screen is entirely black.  Running glxinfo | grep OpenGL yields:  OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Haswell Mobile  OpenGL core profile version string: 4.5 (Core Profile) Mesa 18.2.2 OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.50 OpenGL core profile context flags: (none) OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile OpenGL core profile extensions: OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 18.2.2 OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30 OpenGL context flags: (none) OpenGL extensions: OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.1 Mesa 18.2.2 OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.10 OpenGL ES profile extensions:   I am not sure which (if any) of the above lines answer my question. Probability of lim sup, lim inf for sequence of random variables. Maybe this is extremely simple, but i havent found a specific answer for this online.  For a sequence of independent continuous random variables $X_n$ ,$n=1,2,3,...$ , all with the same probability density function $f(x)&gt;0$ for all real $x$, and a specific real number $b$, what do the following events mean in simple terms and what is the probability of each?  a)$\lim_n\sup\{X_n \gt b\}$ b)$\lim_n\inf\{X_n \gt b\}$ c)$\lim_n\sup\{X_n \le b\}$ d)$\lim_n\inf\{X_n \le b\}$ Save entire process for continuation after reboot Ever since I upgraded to 15.10, fdisk -l reports 16 ram disks (/dev/ram0 ... /dev/ram15). I'm a bit unsure what those are needed for. Is it safe to delete them? If not, how can I get rid of that fdisk output? raw_input in python without pressing enter Uk Visa Refused need guidelines etc,,, I am from Pakistan I applied for 4x Weeks UK family visit visa with my 6x years daughter and they refused, my refusal issue is same. I am going to quote my refusal letter.     You stated they you are employed with A----- company and Earning Rs. ____ per month in support of your application you have provided a latter from your employer. However  I am not satisfied that one document alone demonstrates that you have the employment status and earning claimed. You also state that your spouse is employer with ___ Company and Earning Rs. ____ per month in support of your application you have provided a latter from your employer However  I am not satisfied that one document alone demonstrates that you have the employment status and earning claimed with out further corroborating evidence. I note that you have declared no other personnel income, savings or assets. Based on the information provided i am not satisfied that your circumstances are as claimed and that you have demonstrated strong economic financial ties to Pakistan.  It is your responsibility to satisfy me that your circumstance in Pakistan are such that if granted leave to enter you will abide by all the conditions attached to any such leave and that you will leave the uk on completion of the proposed visit  but you have failed to do so. therefore I am not satisfied that  you are seeking a genuine visit or that you intend to leave the uk at the end of your visit  your application for visit visa has been refused  paragraph V4.2(a) and (c) I am not satisfied that you have sufficient funds to cover all reasonable costs in relation to your visit including the cost of your journey. any cost relating to dependents and the cost of any planned activities. your application for visit visa has been refused under paragraph V4.2(e).  ,,,   These objections and reasons are not as like they thinking I have my bank statement and transactions including Rs. 4 lac balance I have transactions of my salary in statement and my husband recently employed he is also have his salary transaction in the same statement because we both using our joint account.  I just want to go Uk and meet my family for 4x weeks and I am with my 6 years daughter my husband is not going with us due to his job.  Now please guide me should I go for Administration review and provide them my bank statement because my visa rejected on 26 July 2016 I still have time period for administration review OR I should reapply immediately to remove all these objections and give them more evidences I mean bank statement and our pay slips etc? Kindly guide me what to do which way will work.. Your quick help and guidelines will help me. A girl who transcends time I remember quite a bit, but can't seem to find the title or (female) author.   A girl accompanies her father as he captains a mission to travel at near-light speed in order to experience the effects of time dilation and return to Earth 100 years into its future. She leaves behind her boyfriend (Tal or Tel or something), who promises he'll find a way to stay with her despite the time travel that will render him, well, dead before her return. She's accompanied by a close friend who is deaf but lip-reads and speaks so well as to occasionally fool others into believing she is hearing. They spend a lot of time in the ship's garden. I believe he ends up either getting on a different ship to survive into the future via time dilation, or else having himself frozen. Either way, if I recall correctly, Earth isn't doing well at all by the time the mission with the girl returns. There's been a war or some other disaster. There's an extended period of vague, ambiguous, existential crap in which the girl (now a woman) eventually ends up transferring her consciousness into her own daughter, presumably in order to go on living. Everything wraps up somehow and the girl and her boyfriend walk together hand in hand on a desolate planet into the sunset near the end of time.   It was all really rather trashy and silly, I remember, and took itself entirely way too seriously, but I'd like to at least know what it was so I could read it again. Either it'll be worth a laugh, or it'll turn out to be surprisingly good. What is meant by immutable? This could be the dumbest question ever asked but I think it is quite confusing for a Java newbie.    Can somebody clarify what is meant by immutable?  Why is a String immutable? What are the advantages/disadvantages of the immutable objects? Why should a mutable object such as StringBuilder be preferred over String and vice-verse?   A nice example (in Java) will be really appreciated. Call $P(k): k!&lt;k^k$, for $k\geq 2$ Test it out with 2, and it's true ($2&lt;4$).   Assume that $P(k)$ is true for some $k\geq2$.  Then show that $P(k+1)$ is true.   $P(k+1): (k+1)!&lt;(k+1)^{k+1}$  Ministep: $(k+1)!=k!(k+1)$ Ministep: $(k+1)^{k+1}=(k+1)^{k}(k+1)$    $k!(k+1)&lt;(k+1)^{k}(k+1)$  Can I just pull out that (k+1) and call it a day? That will make $k!&lt;(k+1)^{k}$.   We're already assuming that $k!&lt;k^k$, for some integer $k\geq 2$, and I don't think I need to prove that $k^{k}&lt;(k+1)^{k}$. I mean, I guess I could go prove that as well, but let's assume for the moment that I don't have to. Since we're assuming the original $P(k)$ is true, I should be able to write $k!&lt;k^{k}&lt;(k+1)^{k}$ right? That would prove the $k+1$ case. Is this the correct way to go about things? It seems too easy, but makes sense.  Thanks for confirmation and/or pointing out mistakes! Why doesn't Normal[] work on GeometricTransformation? Are repository lists secure? Is there an HTTPS version? Are repository updates secure?  As a bear of little brain from the developer side, I cannot understand why the repository list is http://security.ubuntu.com and the other http(unsecured) sites listed in /etc/apt/sources.list.  Without a certificate chain match this appears as "ask any responder for a list of packages to update" instead of "ask the ubuntu.com site..."  Can any network choose to spoof the update sites, and is this a common practice to provide a locally cached and vetted copy?