I thought I understood the difference, but now I'm not so sure. I've read the technical answer several times but I'm not understanding what is happening. I have this example.  class Program    {       static void Main()       {          int val = 0;           Example1(val);          Console.WriteLine(val); // Still 0!           Example2(ref val);          Console.WriteLine(val); // Now 2!           Example3(out val);          Console.WriteLine(val); // Now 3!       }        static void Example1(int value)          {              value = 1;          }        static void Example2(ref int value)          {              value = 2;          }        static void Example3(out int value)          {            value = 3;          }     }   I always thought the difference between default parameters is that if I am passing val into Example1, I can't use assignment.  But with the ref keyword val is still 0, but I have created a reference that is now treated as the variable "value" within Example2(ref val). Am I getting hung up on anything so far? if I had used  int value = 0; Example1(value); Console.WriteLine(value); // this would then return 1 correct?   Now then, what is happening with the out keyword? Same thing as ref?
I'm creating a function where I need to pass an object so that it can be modified by the function. What is the difference between:  public void myFunction(ref MyClass someClass)   and  public void myFunction(out MyClass someClass)   Which should I use and why?
What does protection from [quality] do? Example 1) Let's say I have some random creature with protection from white, and my opponent plays , a white card with the effect "Destroy all creatures." Can my creature with protection from white be destroyed by a white card that isn't actually targeting it specifically?  Example 2) I was playing a match with a friend where I had  on the field against his 3 zombies. Is he able to declare his zombies as blockers even though Elite Inquisitor has "protection" from zombies?  If he can declare them as blockers, does protection mean that no damage is dealt by the zombies to  Elite Inquisitor? How to nest code within a list using Markdown Minimum Length Regular Expression What is the maximum length of a URL in different browsers? What is the maximum length of a URL in different browsers? Does it differ among browsers? Is a maximum URL length part of the HTTP specification? What is the value of $i^{i^{i^\ldots}}$? What is the value of $i^{i^{i^\ldots}}$?   My effort is the following: If $z, \alpha \in \mathbb{C}$ with $z \neq 0$ then we can write $z^{\alpha}=e^{\alpha \log z} = e^{\alpha [ \log |z|+i \text{ Arg z} + 2 \pi i m]}$ where $ m=0, \pm 1, \pm 2, \ldots$  and Arg z is the principle argument of the complex number $z$. But in above expression we don't have the finite no of exponents, so I am not sure how should I use this formula to the solve above problem. Thanks and Regards! How do the review limits work? I got the brand new Custodian badge today for reviewing posts. Inspired by that, I reviewed some more suggested edits. Now I ran into a limit:     You have no more suggested edit votes today; come back in x hours.   How is that limit calculated? I made 61 reviews today which seems to be some calculated limit.  I searched for an answer on meta but found nothing helpful. Do local flows of left-invariant vector fields satisfy $\Phi_X^t\circ L_x=L_x\circ \Phi_X^t$? Given $G$ a lie group and $X$ a left-invariant vector field. Let $\Phi_X^t$ be the local flow of $X$. Why can we conclude that $\Phi_X^t \circ L_x=L_x \circ \Phi_X^t$? Thanks! How do I extract text that lies between parentheses (round brackets)? Cardinality of the Irrationals Possible Duplicate:          We previously proved that $\mathbb{Q}$, the set of rational numbers, is countable and $\mathbb{R}$, the set of real numbers, is uncountable. What can you say, then, about the cardinality of the irrational numbers?  I would say that the cardinality of irrational numbers is uncountable. That would be because the set $\mathbb{Q}$ is a subset of $\mathbb{R}$. The irrationals is also a subset of $\mathbb{R}$. Basically, my thought is that the continuum is composed of irrationals and rationals (only two subsets of reals). Because we can prove that the rationals are countable by Cantor's proof, then the remaining subsets of $\mathbb{R}$, the irrationals, has to be uncountable for $\mathbb{R}$ to be uncountable. My concern is how to go about the prove this (rigorous, intro level). What do you call someone who solves puzzles? What is a term or name for someone who is very adept at solving puzzles or situations that require though processing and logic.   I ran across , however this only deals with crossword puzzles. I'm looking for something that could be applied on a broader sense. Why does parameter expansion with spaces without quotes work inside double brackets "[[" but not inside single brackets "["? In SQL Server, how do I generate a CREATE TABLE statement for a given table? I've spent a good amount of time coming up with solution to this problem, so in the spirit of , I'm posting it here, since I think it might be useful to others.   If anyone has a better script, or anything to add, please post it.  Edit: Yes guys, I know how to do it in Management Studio - but I needed to be able to do it from within another application. $(xy + 1)(yz + 1)(zx + 1) $ is a perfect square if and only if each factor is Embedding videos and animations I'm aware that it's possible to embed some kinds of videos and animations in LaTeX files (using the beamer or prosper classes) but I couldn't locate good documentation on this. My web searches returned a list of scattered forum questions and answers.   Could anybody give a link to some help or documentation page that systematically deals with the various ways of embedding videos and animations, the file types that work, etc.? Where do I change my shell? Why is Jupiter so sharply defined? In photographs of Jupiter, . Being a gas giant, my naive self thinks that the atmosphere should have a more gradual cut off, creating a hazy effect similar to that on Titan. I am aware of Jupiter's immense size, so each pixel in the linked photograph is likely tens or hundreds of kilometers. Even so, wouldn't there be some small smudge? Does perhaps Jupiter's terrific gravity have any effect on the apparent edge of its atmosphere? Verb/Subject Agreement Make/Makes how to have a custom zsh auto_cd command Instead of the normal cd I've created my own function  function cd {     builtin cd "$@" &amp;&amp; ls -F }   This works great for when I use commands like cd someDir/subDir but not when I change directories via zsh's auto_cd someDir/subDir.  Is there a way to customize what command gets called for auto_cd? I read that this is because the mean and variance completely specify a normal distribution. However, e.g. for a Poisson distribution the mean, variance and third moment can all be expressed with the same parameter lambda. Is this not what it means to 'completely specify' a distribution?  What is an example of two Poisson distributions having the same mean, variance and different higher moments? If we treated weak stationary as if it was strict stationarity, what would happen when we try to do time series analysis? Triangle Inequality of the Cartesian product with Max function Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space.  Define $$d'((x,y),(z,w))=max\{d(x,z),d(y,w)\}.$$   I'm trying to prove the triangle inequality for this, but really don't have a clue how.  Any tips or suggestions would be greatly appreciated!