How can I install drivers for 64-bit Atheros AR8161/8165 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller (NDIS 6.20) for Ubuntu 12.04. I dual boot Windows7/Ubuntu 12.04 drivers work for 64-bit Windows 7.  lspic -nn:  00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge DRAM Controller [8086:0154] (rev 09)  00:01.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge PCI Express Root Port [8086:0151] (rev 09)  00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller [8086:0166] (rev 09)  00:14.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller [8086:1e31] (rev 04)  00:16.0 Communication controller [0780]: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 [8086:1e3a] (rev 04)  00:1a.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 [8086:1e2d] (rev 04)  00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller [8086:1e20] (rev 04)  00:1c.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 [8086:1e10] (rev c4)  00:1c.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 2 [8086:1e12] (rev c4)  00:1c.3 PCI bridge [0604]: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 [8086:1e16] (rev c4)  00:1d.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 [8086:1e26] (rev 04)  00:1f.0 ISA bridge [0601]: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller [8086:1e59] (rev 04)  00:1f.2 SATA controller [0106]: Intel Corporation Panther Point 6 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] [8086:1e03] (rev 04)  00:1f.3 SMBus [0c05]: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller [8086:1e22] (rev 04)  01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:0de9] (rev a1)  02:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8161 Gigabit Ethernet [1969:1091] (rev 08)  03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Centrino Wireless-N 2200 [8086:0891] (rev c4)  04:00.0 System peripheral [0880]: JMicron Technology Corp. SD/MMC Host Controller [197b:2392] (rev 30)  04:00.2 SD Host controller [0805]: JMicron Technology Corp. Standard SD Host Controller [197b:2391] (rev 30)  04:00.3 System peripheral [0880]: JMicron Technology Corp. MS Host Controller [197b:2393] (rev 30)  04:00.4 System peripheral [0880]: JMicron Technology Corp. xD Host Controller [197b:2394] (rev 30)    sudo lshw -c network     *-network UNCLAIMED              description: Ethernet controller         product: AR8161 Gigabit Ethernet         vendor: Atheros Communications Inc.         physical id: 0         bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0         version: 08         width: 64 bits         clock: 33MHz         capabilities: pm pciexpress msi msix bus_master cap_list         configuration: latency=0         resources: memory:d3a00000-d3a3ffff ioport:2000(size=128)    *-network         description: Wireless interface         product: Centrino Wireless-N 2200         vendor: Intel Corporation         physical id: 0         bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0         logical name: wlan0         version: c4         serial: 9c:4e:36:14:d4:7c         width: 64 bits         clock: 33MHz         capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless         configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=3.2.0-23-generic firmware=18.168.6.1 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn         resources: irq:45 memory:d3900000-d3901fff    I also tried Manually configuring wired connection. Nether wired or wireless connects
I have installed Ubuntu 12.04-64 bit on my Lenovo IdeaPad laptop, and the wired Ethernet (LAN) connection doesn't work.  Running the lspci -vv | grep Atheros command from the terminal shows me I have the AR8161 Gigabit Ethernet controller:  02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8161 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 08)   This looks like a new product whose drivers are not built into Ubuntu.  How do I install drivers to get the AR8161 working?
The class of cardinal numbers is well ordered I'm looking for a proof that the class of cardinal numbers is well ordered under the order relation $|A|\leq |B| \Leftrightarrow$ exists an injection $f:A \to B$.  In fact, I've found a very beautiful proof in an article, but I think it's not the standard one. Why do objects move when you apply a force that's equal in magnitude to the friction? If the friction on an object is 200 N and you apply 200 N, it seems, the forces should immediately cancel each other out since the friction and your applied force go in opposite directions, leaving you with an object that is motionless. Yet, from what I've read, that's not the case. I feel like I'm misunderstanding something. Could it be I'm wrong about needing to apply 200 N initially? Might the amount of force I actually need be greater, but instantaneously decrease to 200 N? If $a^\phi = 1$ then the order of $a$ divides $\phi$ HtmlSpecialChars equivalent in Javascript? After enabling hibernate grub menu appears on start-up with 30s timeout My system is not dual boot just single OS UBUNTU 16.04. Prior to making the following changes, the Grub screen would not appear at start-up (OK).  After following these steps from  to enable hibernate in the system menu:   Open terminal and enter;   sudo nano /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla  add the lines into the empty file;  [Re-enable hibernate by default in upower] Identity=unix-user:* Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate ResultActive=yes  [Re-enable hibernate by default in logind] Identity=unix-user:* Action=org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate;org.freedesktop.login1.handle-hibernate-key;org.freedesktop.login1;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-multiple-sessions;org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-ignore-inhibit ResultActive=yes  ^X then Y to save (a filename was suggested and I accepted without taking note).  Reboot for the changes to take effect.   hibernate now works and appears in the menu (OK) but whenever I reboot I now get a Grub menu at start up with a full 30 second timeout (NOK). I tried playing around with the Grub menu timeout settings but still get the full 30 sec timeout.  How do I stop the Grub menu from appearing and reduce my boot time to what it was before I made these changes.   Current Grub settings;   GRUB_DEFAULT="0" GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT="0" GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET="true" GRUB_TIMEOUT="1" GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="`lsb_release -i -s 2&gt; /dev/null || echo Debian`" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" Run a command that is shadowed by an alias Let's say I have the following alias in bash - alias ls='ls --color=auto' - and I want to call ordinary ls without options. Is the only way to do that is to unalias, do the command and then alias again? Or there is some nifty trick or workaround? How can I verify the following statement?     The image of a morphism $f : A \longrightarrow B$ is defined as $\text{Im}(f) = \text{Ke}r(\text{coke}r f)$ whenever it exists (e.g., in every abelian category). The morphism $f : A \longrightarrow B$ factors   uniquely through $\text{Im} f \longrightarrow B$ whenever $\text{Im} f$ exists, and $A \longrightarrow \text{Im} f$ is an epimorphism and a cokernel of ker $f \longrightarrow A$ in every abelian category. A man sits on a bench considering his woeful burden. He looks up at the stars and compares the distance from here to his house and here to the furthest visible star Deneb. Suddenly his problems seems pitifully faint and untroubling. He laughs and relaxes in his seat, staring at the ducks.     Look again at that dot. That's here, that's home, that's us. On it everyone you love, everyone you know, everyone you ever heard of, every human being who ever was, lived out their lives. The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every "superstar," every "supreme leader," every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there—on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam.   ~Carl Sagan      I really believe that if the political leaders of the world could see their planet from a distance of 100,000 miles their outlook could be fundamentally changed. That all-important border would be invisible, that noisy argument silenced. The tiny globe would continue to turn, serenely ignoring its subdivisions, presenting a unified façade that would cry out for unified understanding, for homogeneous treatment. The earth must become as it appears: blue and white, not capitalist or Communist; blue and white, not rich or poor; blue and white, not envious or envied. ~Michael Collins, astronaut   I'm looking for a noun or verb that describes this positive enlightening experience. Studying for an exam, a review question...  Given $G=\langle x,y|x^4=y^4=e,xyxy^{-1}=e\rangle$.    Show $|G|\leq16$.   For this, I want to consider that $x^3=x^{-1}$ and $y^3=y^{-1}$ based on our assumptions. I am a little lost as to how to put the second part, $xyxy^{-1}=e$ to show there are no more than 16 elements.   If $|G|=16$, find the center of the group and find a group that is isomorphic to $G/\langle y^2\rangle$.   I'm pretty sure the group is centerless. Ubuntu 13.10 to 14.04 Lts does not upgrade, keeps showing error The update from Ubuntu 13.10 to 14.04 LTS does not work it keeps showing me an error as could not calculate the upgrade, even when I want it to get updated from the terminal it says the same error. I did not use the beta its the final Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.I have restarted my laptop for like 5-10 times no change. Disabling the software sources also does not help. I have customer data from 2 brands. The data structure are the same, but I expected the customer behaviour to be different in different brand.  So I could train 2 models, 1 for each brand, or I could train one model on both brands, but flag which brand the customers belongs to within the data.  So my question is, would training on both brands with flags be too much more work for the Machine Learning (I'm using neural network), and therefore be harder to achieve good accuracy than to have dedicated models for each brand? Can I use my device on a different carrier? Sometimes it's desirable to use a device on a carrier that does not officially sell it. Often this is due to regional differences and travel (for example, using a US phone in Europe) but also because some carriers simply do not offer phones that other carriers do.  How can I determine if it's possible to use my phone on a different carrier, and which carriers it is compatible with?    This community wiki is intended to be a canonical answer to a common question. If you feel that improvements could be made then please edit the post(s). An annulus in $\mathbb R^2$ is path connected Let $A = \{(x,y) \in\mathbb{R}^2: a \leq (x-c)^2+(y-d)^2 \leq b\}$ for given $a,b,c, d$ real numbers. I want to show that $A$ is path-connected.  How can I do that?  I know that every open subset of $\mathbb R^2$ that is connected is path connected. But this is obviously not open so I cannot use that. Then I thought of multiple cases. If we take arbitrary $x$ and $y$ and draw the line between them and they do not intersect with the circle centred at $(c,d)$ then we can obviously draw a line between the points which is still in the set, so we can then define the function. I am stuck on the other case. I've found in Wikipedia the formula for calculating an individual row in Pascal's Triangle: $$v_c = v_{c-1}\left(\frac{r-c}{c}\right).$$ where $r = \mathrm{row}+1$, $c$ is the column starting from $0$ on left and $v_0 = 1$.  Now, I've tried to do by hand and it works,  but I don't understand how to find this magic formula when I don't have access to Wikipedia...:) How do I gunzip all files recursively in a target directory? I'd like to know what is the command to use to gunzip all files in a target directory recursively? I tried to use the unzip command but it didn't work.  I tried the command from I have file1.txt    this is the original text   line2   line3   line4   happy hacking !     and file2.txt    this is the original text   line2   line4   happy hacking !   GNU is not UNIX     if I do: diff file1.txt file2.txt I get:    3d2   &lt; line3   5a5   &gt; GNU is not UNIX     How is the output generally interpreted? I think that &lt; means removed but what do 3d2 or 5a5 mean?  If I do:    $ diff -u file1.txt file2.txt   --- file1.txt        2013-07-06 17:44:59.180000000 +0200   +++ file2.txt        2013-07-06 17:39:53.433000000 +0200   @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@    this is the original text    line2   -line3    line4    happy hacking !   +GNU is not UNIX     The results are clearer but what does @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ mean? Question on groups of order $pq$ Prove that for every $a\in A$ $\exists$ $q\in M,s\in A$ s.t. $a=sba+qa$ where $M$ is maximal ideal in $A$. Let A be a commutative ring with unity ring, M be a maximal ideal and $b\notin M$ . Show that there exists $q \in M, s\in A$ such that for every $a \in A$ we have $a=sba+qa$. Show that this is true only when $M$ is a maximal ideal.   Suppose if we take $A=2\mathbb Z$ and $M=4\mathbb Z$, $a=6.$ Then by the given statement $\exists$ $s\in A$, $q\in M$ s.t. $6=6(2s+q)$ $\implies$$s=\frac{1-q}{2}\implies q \text { is odd}$. But $q \in 4\mathbb Z.$  Please someone give some hints. how can solve this.  Thank you.. I am running a fresh install of Linux Mint Nadia (14). I am following the instructions on Vagrant  but have gotten stuck on the . It seems the Vagrant box cannot connect outside and so I can't install anything using either Chef or Puppet.  In the basic Vagrant resolve.conf contains nameserver 10.0.2.3. But with that set I can't ping us.archive.ubuntu.com.  If I change it to 8.8.8.8 then I can ping us.archive.ubuntu.com but it does not stay set, and after a reboot it changes back to 10.0.2.3 - so provisioning fails again.  Ideally I would like for 10.0.2.3 to work on my setup. Failing that I would like a way to permanently change resolv.conf so that I can do provisioning. Problem:  $F = \frac{(G m_1 m_2)}{r^2}$  An object of unknown mass is placed directly between the Earth and the Moon such that the forces of gravity acting on the object are equal from both the Earth and the Moon. The distance from the Moon to the object is exactly one-tenth of the distance from the Moon to Earth. Using the above formula, determine the distance from the Moon to the Earth.  Given is:  The factor $G≈6.67∙10−11\mathbf{N(\frac{m^2}{kg^2})}$ is a universal constant.  Mass of Earth $≈5.972∙10^{24}\mathbf{kg}$   Mass of the Moon as $≈7.348∙10^{22}\mathbf{kg}$  Mass of unknown object = $m$  My solution:  $F = \frac{(6.67 *10^-11) m (7.348*10^{24})}{R^2}$  $F = \frac{(6.67 *10^-11) (5.92* 10^22) m}{10R^2}$  As gravitational force acting on the object is equal   $\frac{(5.92\cdot 10^22)}{100r^2} = \frac{(7.348*10^{24})}{r^2}$  $R = 1.24 \cdot 10^4 KM$  Is this a viable solution to the problem? Please provide feedback. Thank you!