I would like to create my own Ubuntu derivative with my desktop environment of choice and my preferred set of prepackaged programs.  What base should I start with and what modifications should I start adding?  I know two possible starting points:   , an official set of bare necessities () that seems suitable for creating appliance firmware or one's very own Linux distribution. Unlike , this is not a complete distribution, as it lacks a bootable image with an installer or a boot loader. , a fully working Ubuntu livecd containing only the minimal set of software to make the system work; not an official Ubuntu project. probably I could use  or something else as a base.   Then, I need to customize my distribution. I know of the following tools:        that should allow for me to easily customize my installation media. But what if I need not just something to create a one-off remix of Ubuntu for my own enjoyment, but a maintainable project with all its trappings: I guess I need to have a set of scripts trackable by version control system, amenable for automated testing and building with some build infrastructure. That's how they build a halfway decent OS distribution, right?  How should I best start creating my own Ubuntu derivative in a way that could naturally transcend a one-off custom CD for myself, and be built in a more controlled, robust manner, like proper Ubuntu derivatives supposedly do?
I would like to customize Ubuntu live CD by installing some additional packages. I have followed   but it doesn't seems to work. Can anyone provide clear instructions?   Note: I do not prefer Remastersys, manual way will be appreciated.  Customization  Packages that I want to install:   Thunderbird    Samba    SSH       Changes that I need:   Remove Games menu from the Application menu Firefox shortcut on Desktop Radiance as the default Theme Different default Ubuntu Wallpaper   Configuration file changes   I want the panel to be placed at the bottom I want to paste my Samba configuration file instead of default Samba configuration I have few Firefox shortcuts and folders I would like to show that in Desktop Also it will be nice if you say me how to change the icon sets   Recent Updates   I have customized Ubuntu 10.10 with Firefox shortcuts and few folders on desktops. Everything went smooth. But the installer gets crashes after choosing the timezone. How do i fix this issue? Also setting wallpaper affects the login screen. The wallpaper which i set is displayed on the login screen also. I just want the default one for the login screen.
Can compact sets completey determine a topology? Suppose that $\tau_1$ and $\tau_2$ are two topologies on a set $X$ with the property that $K\subset X$ is compact with respect to $\tau_1$ if and only if $K$ is compact with respect to $\tau_2$. Then is this enough information to determine whether $\tau_1 = \tau_2$?  If not (which is suspect to be the case) is there a nice counterexample, and what is the minimum amount of extra information required for $\tau_1 = \tau_2$?  I feel like there would be an issue regarding 'points at infinity.' Bootstrap CSS Active Navigation What is $\lim_{n\to \infty}\sum_{k=1}^n \left(\frac{k}{n}\right)^n$? I'm asked to find $\displaystyle\lim_{n\to \infty}\sum_{k=1}^n \left(\frac{k}{n}\right)^n$.  It seems that the sum converges.  I managed to prove that $\forall n,1&lt;\sum_{k=1}^n \left(\frac{k}{n}\right)^n&lt;e$  But I don't know how to prove convergence, nor find the value of the limit. Given a sphere of radius $r$ with two spherical caps on it defined by the radii ($a_1$ and $a_2$) of the bases of the spherical caps, given a separation of the two spherical caps by angle $\theta$, how do you calculate the surface area of that intersection?   To clarify, the area is that of the curved surface on the sphere defined by the intersection. At the extreme where both $a_1,a_2 = r$, we would be describing a spherical lune.   Alternatively define the spherical caps by the angles  $\Phi_1 = \arcsin(a_1/r)$ and $\Phi_2 = \arcsin(a_2/r)$. iOS app 1.4.3, iOS 9.2.1  While viewing a post, the app somehow ended up in a state where it refuses to do much of anything.  What does work:   Swipe-scrolling vertically Jumping to the previous / next post using the up / down buttons    Everything else, though, has no effect:   Swipe-scrolling horizontally will not return to the previous view Tapping on a code block will not zoom to code-block view Tapping Delete button to delete a post will show a confirmation dialog, but saying yes will not cause deletion The Add Comment button brings up the text field, but I cannot type anything in it; I can only dismiss it None of the other buttons (Share, More, etc.) do anything Cannot view user profiles or revision history Tapping on links in a post or comment will not show a web page Tapping on a tag shows some visual feedback with a temporary color change, but doesn't do anything else   I still receive push notifications, but tapping on them doesn't take me anywhere. Chrome and Firefox cannot add specific URL to home screen Power set equivalency of Axiom of Choice In Batman #1 in the New 52, when we visit the Batcave for the first time, we see a dinosaur:     What... is up with that? It is a completely awesome cave decoration - but what else is it? Is it a non sequitur or is it a call back to an earlier storyline? I imagine it's the latter – a life-size T-rex model is an expensive piece of decor, even for Bruce Wayne.  Bonus points: are there any other relics from past storylines visible in this Batcave?  Update: here's a shot of the other panel that gives us a view of the "showroom" (including the huge dice). How can I use a variable in the replacement side of the Perl substitution operator? Are there any differences between Skyrim & Skyrim: Special Edition? Ubuntu 17.10 Upgrade Broke VMWare Workstation 12.5 Hi after upgrading to Ubuntu 17.10, vmware is now not starting.    I get the message:    /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-modconfig: Relink `/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libbsd.so.0' with `/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1' for IFUNC symbol `clock_gettime'   I am aware that there are patches available and I am attempting to apply these and recompile. I have run from the solution at :    cd ~   #Copy the vmmon source tar ball to your temporary location cp /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source/vmmon.tar .    #Extract the tar ball tar xf vmmon.tar    #Download the modified file that mkubecek posted and overwrite the one from the tar ball for VMware Workstation 12.5: wget -O ./vmmon-only/linux/hostif.c https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mkubecek/vmware-host-modules/b50848c985f1a6c0a341187346d77f0119d0a835/vmmon-only/linux/hostif.c     #Wrap up the newly modified files into a tar ball replacing the original one sudo tar cf /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source/vmmon.tar vmmon-only    #Rebuild the VMware kernel modules sudo vmware-modconfig --console --install-all   Failed to get gcc information.  gcc --version gcc (Ubuntu 7.2.0-8ubuntu3) 7.2.0 ...   Unforunately, vmware-modconfig is failing because of a dependency it seems on a particular gcc version. Am I on the right track? Any help with this issue would be much appreciated.  EDIT Thank you Steve, the below has gotten vmware going again. I've included minor correction. Tested and confirmed I could run a virtual machine.   sudo su    # do all below as root cd /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source tar xvf vmmon.tar  tar xvf vmnet.tar wget -O ./vmmon-only/linux/hostif.c https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mkubecek/vmware-host-modules/b50848c985f1a6c0a341187346d77f0119d0a835/vmmon-only/linux/hostif.c vim vmnet-only/bridge.c cd vmmon-only/ make cd ../vmnet-only/ make cd .. mkdir /lib/modules/4.13.0-16-generic/misc cp *.o /lib/modules/4.13.0-16-generic/misc insmod /lib/modules/4.13.0-16-generic/misc/vmmon.o insmod /lib/modules/4.13.0-16-generic/misc/vmnet.o rm /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libz.so.1/libz.so.1 ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 /usr/lib/vmware/lib/libz.so.1/libz.so.1 vmware-networks --start exit  # run vmware as normal user /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware Method defined as testMethod do not support web service callouts, test skipped I have been struggling with this error for a few days now. I get this error every time I try to run a test for a method that has an httpCallout. I followed the architecture from  , but to no avail. I thought it could be something I was messing up in my code, so I copied all three of the classes from the documentation, and I am still getting the error when I try to run the test. All of the classes are on Salesforce API 29. Has anyone run into this before? block certain dangerous commands? Lithium-6 isotope has an approximate magnetic momentum of $0.88\ \mu_N$ in its fundamental nuclear state. I'm trying to find its angular momentum and parity.  I found in a standard table: $I=1^+$ and while I get the parity part, I don't understand the rest. What I have done is filling the shells separately for protons and neutrons and finding that both have their outer particle in the $1 P_{3/2}$ state. Sum of these gives possible total angular momenta to be either $0$, $1$, $2$ or $3$.  So my question is: how do you choose between these to find the real value $I=1$? How can I automatically shutdown the system after a specific time? Line/word wrapping in revision history and responses tab (and probably other places) and        ()   I just noticed that change. I didn't find new reports under .  Note the names and badge count in the first screenshot, and the badge count in the second one.  PS I can't link to the responses tab as it shows only to the profile owner. Search favorite questions by tag Favorite questions on Stack Overflow I feel is highly unused feature of all the features provided on the site. (This again is my personal opinion)  I have favorited around 90 question till date and it gets very very very difficult if I want to search for a question which I remember I have favorited, which defeats the entire purpose of one favouriting a question, so here is my small suggestion.  Favorites by tags  Screen 1        Screen 2        Please share your opinions on this. update-java-alternatives vs update-alternatives --config java On Ubuntu 12.04 LTS I have installed Sun's JDK7, Eclipse, and the Arduino IDE. I want the Arduino to use OpenJDK 6 and want Eclipse to use Sun's JDK 7.   From my understanding I need to manually choose which Java to use before running each application. This led me to the update-java-alternatives -l command. When I run this I only see the following:   java-1.6.0-openjdk-amd64 1061 /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-amd64   but when I run update-alternatives --config java I see the following:   *0  /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java   auto mode 1  /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java   manual mode 2  /usr/lib/jvm/jdk1.7.0/bin/java                   manual mode 3  /usr/lib/jvm/jre1.7.0/bin/java                   manual mode   I don't understand why the update-java-alternatives doesn't display the same 3 options. I also don't understand how to switch between OpenJDK6 and JDK7. How I can go about using the OpenJDK6 for Arduino development and Sun JDK7 for Eclipse/Android development? Formatting the union of sets In the example  $\cup^{i=1}_{\infty}F_i$   How do you get the i=1 directly below the union symbol and the infinity directly above? I have an application which is a relatively old. Through some minor changes, it builds nearly perfectly with Visual C++ 2008. One thing that I've noticed is that my "debug console" isn't quite working right. Basically in the past, I've use AllocConsole() to create a console for my debug output to go to. Then I would use freopen to redirect stdout to it. This worked perfectly with both C and C++ style IO.  Now, it seems that it will only work with C style IO. What is the proper way to redirect things like cout to a console allocated with AllocConsole()?  Here's the code which used to work:  if(AllocConsole()) {     freopen("CONOUT$", "wt", stdout);     SetConsoleTitle("Debug Console");     SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_RED); }   EDIT: one thing which occurred to me is that I could make a custom streambuf whose overflow method writes using C style IO and replace std::cout's default stream buffer with it. But that seems like a cop-out. Is there a proper way to do this in 2008? Or is this perhaps something that MS overlooked?  EDIT2: OK, so I've made an implementaiton of the idea I spelled out above. Basically it looks like this:  class outbuf : public std::streambuf { public:     outbuf() {         setp(0, 0);     }      virtual int_type overflow(int_type c = traits_type::eof()) {         return fputc(c, stdout) == EOF ? traits_type::eof() : c;     } };  int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {     // create the console     if(AllocConsole()) {         freopen("CONOUT$", "w", stdout);         SetConsoleTitle("Debug Console");         SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_RED);       }      // set std::cout to use my custom streambuf     outbuf ob;     std::streambuf *sb = std::cout.rdbuf(&amp;ob);      // do some work here      // make sure to restore the original so we don't get a crash on close!     std::cout.rdbuf(sb);     return 0; }   Anyone have a better/cleaner solution than just forcing std::cout to be a glorified fputc?