Recently I was asking a question on the Stack&nbsp;Exchange network and received a very brief description of how to handle my issue.  Unfortunately the answer didn't have any citations or examples. As such, I took the liberty of modifying the author's post to include citations and an example which did exactly what the author had said.  In my mind I was "clarifying the meaning without changing it", "adding related resources or links", "". Was I wrong?  Based on additional discussion I was told to add the additional information to the comments, but this seems to act opposite to "". When I bring up these well defined suggestions for what edit's are for, the users do not answer clearly what I could've done better outside of creating a duplicate answer with my additional information.  Please clearly define when links/resources should be added to an existing answer versus when a duplicate answer should be created.
Similar to '', is it also ok to add an example?   I was going to  but I noticed that one answer had most of the things I needed to say, except perhaps that the questioner didn't perhaps understand the answer and  I feel that an example may help.
As a result of  myself, the need arose to track other Stack Overflow-based research. The following is an attempt to list the academic papers mentioning Stack Overflow/Exchange or using Stack Exchange data. This also includes the works mentioned in  that started the trend, as well as two other questions on meta, , and . If you know of papers that are not listed, please edit the answer directly. I realised it might be useful to have all the BibTeX entries in a single file, so I started . Why should the minimal class be avoided? Is there any way you could revive Guest Sessions in a future LTS distro?  Guest sessions are good security - they give me just enough power to do what I need to do on a daily basis without risking my system. In short, Guest sessions save me from myself.  I had upgraded from 16.04 to 18.04, gotten a problem I couldn't fix and was all to happy to wipe and rebuild my hard drive and return to 16.04.  I can't be the only one who feels this way. Data Dump of Attachments I am trying to do an export of approx 30,000 attachments in our Salesforce Org,  Would anyone have been through a similar exercise and can advise best practice or the best way / tool to do this?  Kind Regards  matt How to redirect STDIN of background process? In my Ubuntu, i run java application in background. I use bash script to run it and now it looks like:  nohup java -jar app.jar &amp; exit 0   The problem that i want to be able to write an input string to my application, without making it foreground, from different terminals/sessions. Something like  echo "mytext" &gt; /appdir/in   How should i change my script? Which style is preferred? Is there a good reason for one vs. the other?  Thanks in advance!  1) cmds.each do |cmd|    end  2) cmds.each { |cmd|    }   Example code:  cmds = [ "create", "update", "list", "help" ]  # Block style one # cmds.each do |cmd|   puts "loop1, cmd: #{cmd}" end  # Block style two # cmds.each { |cmd|   puts "loop2, cmd: #{cmd}" } Scorched3d worked then stopped. Unistalled and reinstalled did not help. Running Ubuntu 16.04.04LTS. I think it was after installing new release.  I think the problem is the Ubuntu 16.04.4LTS. The newer version has no Scorched3d in the Ubuntu Software Center. I have 3 systems. After updating to new version. Scorched3D will not install and work after updating.  ron@RonsComputer:~$ sudo objdump -p $(type -p scorched3d) | grep NEEDED  NEEDED libwx_gtk2u_adv-3.0.so.0  NEEDED libwx_gtk2u_core-3.0.so.0 NEEDED libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0 NEEDED libfreetype.so.6 NEEDED libz.so.1 NEEDED libSDL-1.2.so.0 NEEDED libSDL_net-1.2.so.0 NEEDED libexpat.so.1  NEEDED libstdc++.so.6 NEEDED libm.so.6 NEEDED libgcc_s.so.1 NEEDED libpthread.so.0 NEEDED libc.so.6   ron@ron-desktop ~ $ objdump -p $(type -p scorched3d) | grep NEEDED | awk '{print $2}' | xargs -n 1 dpkg -S  libwxgtk3.0-0v5:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwx_gtk2u_adv-3.0.so.0.2.0 libwxgtk3.0-0v5:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwx_gtk2u_adv-3.0.so.0 libwxgtk3.0-0v5:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwx_gtk2u_core-3.0.so.0.2.0 libwxgtk3.0-0v5:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwx_gtk2u_core-3.0.so.0 libwxbase3.0-0v5:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0.2.0 libwxbase3.0-0v5:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwx_baseu-3.0.so.0 libfreetype6:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6.12.1 libfreetype6:i386: /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6 libfreetype6:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6 libfreetype6:i386: /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libfreetype.so.6.12.1 zlib1g:i386: /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8 zlib1g:amd64: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 zlib1g:i386: /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 zlib1g:amd64: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.8 libsdl1.2debian:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libSDL-1.2.so.0.11.4 libsdl1.2debian:i386: /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libSDL-1.2.so.0 libsdl1.2debian:i386: /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libSDL-1.2.so.0.11.4 libsdl1.2debian:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libSDL-1.2.so.0 libsdl-net1.2:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libSDL_net-1.2.so.0 libsdl-net1.2:i386: /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libSDL_net-1.2.so.0 libsdl-net1.2:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libSDL_net-1.2.so.0.8.0 libsdl-net1.2:i386: /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libSDL_net-1.2.so.0.8.0 libexpat1:i386: /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1.6.0 libexpat1:amd64: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1 libexpat1:amd64: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1.6.0 libexpat1:i386: /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libexpat.so.1 libstdc++6:amd64: /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py libstdc++6:i386: /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++6:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 libstdc++6:amd64: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21 libstdc++6:i386: /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21 libstdc++6:i386: /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.21-gdb.py libc6:amd64: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 libc6:i386: /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 libgcc1:amd64: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 libgcc1:i386: /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 libc6:i386: /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 libc6:amd64: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 libc6:i386: /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 libc6:amd64: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 ron@ron-desktop ~ $ Complete beginner here.  I'm trying to follow  tutorial on Anisotropic shaders, but my property panel looks nothing like the property panel in the tutorial.  For example, when creating a material, this is what his property panel looks like:    But this is what mine looks like, if I follow the same path:    I'm sure I'm missing something obvious.  How can I see the property panel shown in the tutorial? This works perfectly:  $ inotifywait --event create ~/foo Setting up watches. Watches established. /home/ron/foo/ CREATE bar   However, this just sits there when directory tun0 is created under /sys/devices/virtual/net.  $ inotifywait --event create /sys/devices/virtual/net Setting up watches. Watches established.   Since those folders are world readable, I'd expect inotifywait to work.  So, what am I doing wrong?  Thanks Cortana Search is not finding applications on Windows 10 For the past several versions (since Windows Vista, I think), if you hit the Windows key and start typing, Windows will search for applications.  Since upgrading to Windows 10 with , she is only hit or miss at finding applications. And she doesn't do partial searches, either.  Some examples:   WinKey + type "Paint" does not find "mspaint". Instead it suggests some applications from the store. WinKey + type "Excel" does not find Excel. Nor does typing "Word" find Word. However, typing OneNote finds OneNote.   What is the reason for this behavior and how I can get Cortana to find the applications installed on my machine again? Is there a setting I am missing?    If I browse to "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs" I can see that the shortcuts for these applications all still exist. But Cortana is not finding them. Everything from the Microsoft Office applications to  to  to hundreds of other applications I have installed.  Where can I set which folders Cortana indexes?    As you can see in the screen shot below, this Start Menu folder is, indeed, indexed:    However, none of these applications are coming back as search results from the "start" menu.  It may be related to  as well.  I did a brand new install of Skype (for desktop), and it shows up nowhere in the start menu. And typing in "Skype" to search for the application does not find it. But the shortcut to Skype is definitely in this location:  C:\Users\Patrick\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Skype     EDIT  The latest Windows 10 update (Threshold 2) has solved this issue for me. Cortana now finds all my files with no issues. Previously my only solution was to use , I've been able to uninstall that now and use the standard Windows Start menu. Suppose that $(U,V)$ has the following joint pdf: $$f_{U,V}(u,v)=\exp(-\theta u-\theta^{-1}v)$$ , where $u\geq0$, $v\geq0$, $\theta&gt;0$. Define $X=UV$ and $Y=U/V$. Find the marginal pdf of $X$ and $Y$.  With transformation, I got $U=\sqrt{XY}$ and $V=\sqrt{X/Y}$ and the absolute value of Jacob is $1/2Y$. Then, the joint pdf of $(X,Y)$ is  $$f_{X,Y}(x,y)=\exp(-\theta \sqrt{XY}-\theta^{-1}\sqrt{X/Y})1/2Y, X,Y&gt;0.$$  But I am not sure how to get the marginal pdf?  Thank you! Counting binary operations on a set with $n$ elements I am trying to solve following problem but not able to find any way to proceed.  Let $S$ be a set having $n$ elements. Can we count about number of binary operations that can be defined on a set? Can we also count number of commutative binary operations defined on  $S$?  Thanks for the help and suggestions Prove that for every $a\in A$ $\exists$ $q\in M,s\in A$ s.t. $a=sba+qa$ where $M$ is maximal ideal in $A$. Let A be a commutative ring with unity ring, M be a maximal ideal and $b\notin M$ . Show that there exists $q \in M, s\in A$ such that for every $a \in A$ we have $a=sba+qa$. Show that this is true only when $M$ is a maximal ideal.   Suppose if we take $A=2\mathbb Z$ and $M=4\mathbb Z$, $a=6.$ Then by the given statement $\exists$ $s\in A$, $q\in M$ s.t. $6=6(2s+q)$ $\implies$$s=\frac{1-q}{2}\implies q \text { is odd}$. But $q \in 4\mathbb Z.$  Please someone give some hints. how can solve this.  Thank you.. Find Total number of ways out of N Number taking K numbers every M interval I have been stuck in a problem, that has thrown my brain out of the coding. This problem is at very high priority and I need the solution as early as possible. Problem is as :  There are exactly N advertising boards on the highway. Now a company want to advertise on some of these advertising boards(each advertising board costs some money) .  Company strategy is that, they want at least 'K' advertisement should be there among M consecutive advertising boards. But at the same time Company want to pay minimum for its advertisement .  Now, what is the total number of ways, different ways Company can advertise meeting its minimum cost strategy.  As for Example: N= 3, M = 2, K=1 ==> there is only one way for minimum cost, ie. 0C0 , where '0' denotes No company advertisement, and 'C' denotes company advertisement board.  Similarly, for N =4, M =2, K =1 ==> there is 3 possible ways, ie. C0C0, 0C0C, 0CC0.  Hope to get a reply from someone soon. Thanks. Choosing between $z$-test and $t$-test Background: I'm giving a presentation to colleagues at work on hypothesis testing, and understand most of it fine but there's one aspect that I'm tying myself up in knots trying to understand as well as explain it to others.  This is what I think I know (please correct if wrong!)   Statistics that would be normal if variance was known, follow a $t$-distribution if the variance is unknown CLT (Central Limit Theorem): The sampling distribution of the sample mean is approximately normal for sufficiently large $n$ (could be $30$, could be up to $300$ for highly skewed distributions) The $t$-distribution can be considered Normal for degrees of freedom $&gt; 30$   You use the $z$-test if:   Population normal and variance known (for any sample size) Population normal, variance unknown and $n&gt;30$ (due to CLT) Population binomial, $np&gt;10$, $nq&gt;10$   You use the $t$-test if:   Population normal, variance unknown and $n&lt;30$ No knowledge about population or variance and $n&lt;30$, but sample data looks normal / passes tests etc so population can be assumed normal   So I'm left with:    For samples $&gt;30$ and $&lt;\approx 300$(?), no knowledge about population and variance known / unknown.   So my questions are:   At what sample size can you assume (where no knowledge about population distribution or variance) that the sampling distribution of the mean is normal (i.e. CLT has kicked in) when the sampling distribution looks non-normal? I know that some distributions need $n&gt;300$, but some resources seem to say use the $z$-test whenever $n&gt;30$... For the cases I'm unsure about, I presume I look at the data for normality. Now, if the sample data does looks normal do I use the $z$-test (since assume population normal, and since $n&gt;30$)? What about where the sample data for cases I'm uncertain about don't look normal? Are there any circumstances where you'd still use a $t$-test or $z$-test or do you always look to transform / use non-parametric tests? I know that, due to CLT, at some value of $n$ the sampling distribution of the mean will approximate to normal but the sample data won't tell me what that value of $n$ is; the sample data could be non-normal whilst the sample mean follows a normal / $t$.  Are there cases where you'd be transforming / using a non-parametric test when in fact the sampling distribution of the mean was normal / $t$ but you couldn't tell? The error: "mount: only root can do that" while mounting a partition How do I summon a baby mob? In Minecraft Java Edition, one can summon baby zombies and drowned using the IsBaby NBT tag: /summon zombie X Y Z {IsBaby:1b}  Likewise, one can summon baby breedable mobs (Pigs, Cows, etc.) by giving them a negative Age NBT tag (the number of ticks until the mob grows up): /summon cow X Y Z {Age:-100000}  Since NBT is inaccessible from commands in Bedrock Edition, the above commands will not work there. How do I summon baby mobs in Minecraft Bedrock Edition? Problem with tcolorbox package I read this set of stories in the 80's.  What I recall is this:  A planet where the ruling caste was made up of humanoid women.  These women would, as almost pubescent girls, go out into the wilderness with only a spear and attempt to kill an animal in a life or death struggle.  When it happened, they would burst open a DNA packet in themselves that caused them to rapidly mature, their skin to become bronze colored, and give them some kinds of other "powers", I think over fire.  They were called "Bahronas", I think.  The population of this planet was primitive, but they were in contact with an advanced humanoid species, I think of actual homo-sapiens, who were there observing and advising them.  The advanced species wasn't allowed to intervene, just advise and watch.  The main character was a castaway boy, crash landed on their planet and stranded.  He became friendly with the ruling family of Bahronas and entered their confidence.  We find out through the course of the story that he's been genetically engineered and is not a normal boy.  At some point, the advanced species notices him and explains that he is a clone of a famous explorer and a spy, and they explain that they won't do anything in front of him.  The central part of the story is something of a blur, but, the final part of the story is told in a dramatically different style and shifts to a planet populated by catlike creatures who live in boughs of silk scarves, some of which sing.  THey are recording devices which play back the songs.  On this planet, there is another silk scarf, a white one, which doesn't play a song at all.  The cat creatures are greatly disturbed by it when they hear it's message, which they don't understand.  The narrator then goes on to say that it's a spoken word recording, made by the explorer which the boy was a clone of, explaining that he is captured and held hostage on the planet which makes the scarves, and forced to help make them (I think.) Show that there is $\xi$ s.t. $f(\xi)=f\left(\xi+\frac{1}{n}\right)$ Let $f:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}$ be continuous and $f(0)=f(1)$. Show that for any integer $n\geqslant 2$, there is $\xi\in(0,1)$ s.t.$f(\xi)=f\left(\xi+\frac{1}{n}\right).$  I think this requires the intermediate value theorem somewhere.