I've a task to create Certificate Authority for company use. Preferably using "valid" ( not self-signed) certificate. The goal is to issue individual certificates for subdomains, instead of wildcard, plus sub-subdomains, not covered by wildcard cert, users, services, etc.   All this may be limited to a single domain only.  As I understand I need valid certificate which has certain capabilities in it like this  Key Cert Sign, CRL Sign.  Is that true and can someone point me to the documentation and SSL provider who can sell me that kind of certificate ?  Thanks.  UPDATE: Thanks for the comments: I may need to rephrase my question then, what is needed to issue publicly valid certificates for services and users ?  There are some sites issuing user certificates, like this . But I don't want to rely on public and free services for company use and would rather use something constant and reliable.
Can I get a certificate from a root CA that I can then use to sign my own web server certificates? I would, if possible, use a signed certificate as an intermediate to sign other certs.  I know that I would have to configure my systems in a certain way with "my" intermediate certificate in order to supply information about the chain of trust to my clients.   Is this possible? Are root CAs willing to sign a certificate like this? Is it expensive?  BACKGROUND  I'm familiar with the basics of SSL as it pertains to securing web traffic over HTTP. I also have a basic understanding of the way the chain of trust works, in that web traffic is secured "by default" if you encrypt with a certificate that has a valid chain all the way back to a root CA, as determined by the browser/OS vendor.  I am also aware that many of the root CAs have begun signing certificates for end users (like me) with intermediate certificates. That may require a bit more setup on my end, but otherwise, those certificates will work fine. I guess this has to do with protecting their all-valuable private key for the CA and the disaster that it would be if i were ever compromised.  EXAMPLES        Now, we are definitely not the size of any of those organizations, but they seem to be doing something like this. It would definitely make the management of these certificates a lot more palatable, especially considering one way we are expanding the reach of our e-commerce platform.
Java String split is not working Affiliation for a retiree This question is similar to   and  except that I am a retiree.  I intend to submit a paper to a journal without mentioning any affiliation because I am no longer employeed. I have been thinking about a footnote in the paper indicating I am a retiree from my former employer for two reasons: I am receiving pension from the company pension fund and it is a well-known company in U.S. Using their name may make me look good. On the other hand, I feel like it's cheating because I am not their employee anymore. What is the typical orbital life of an artificial satellite? The orbit of satellites around Earth eventually decays, or so I read. This is typically caused either by atmospheric drag, or by tides. I would assume most satellites have a limited service life in orbit. Hence the question - What is the typical orbital life of a satellite? How long before it's successor must be launched into orbit ?  EDIT: For instance, a weather satellite What is Elrond's position/status, as compared to Galadriel's? In the Lord of the Rings books, Galadriel of Lorien is even more exalted than in the movies.  She is essentially a queen, and the deference shown to her far exceeds that shown to Elrond of Rivendell.  Yet in the films, we see her trying to persuade Elrond to intervene in the battle of Helm's Deep by sending Elf troops to reinforce Theoden's forces.  Eventually, Elrond relents, and orders the Elves into battle.  But the troops in question are Galadriel's, not Elrond's - they are led by Haldir, one of Galadriel's guards; the trip from Rivendell to Helm's Deep (500 miles as the crow flies) is about 2 times longer than the trip from Lorien to Helm's Deep (250 miles as the crow flies), far too long for the reinforcements to arrive in time.  But then Haldir greets Theoden of Rohan by saying he has come bearing a message from Elrond - not Galadriel.     I bring word from Lord Elrond of Rivendell. An Alliance once existed between Elves and Men. Long ago we fought and died together. We come to honor that allegiance.    This seems odd for a few reasons. The troops are Galadriel's, not Elrond's, and they come from Lorien, not Rivendell. She clearly wanted to send them to Helm's Deep - she was cajoling, prodding, and guilt-tripping him into doing just that.  She is also a queen, and could presumably order them into battle regardless of what Elrond says.    So why does she have to talk Elrond into letting her send her own troops into battle, especially when he is too far away to contribute manpower (elfpower) or materiel to the battle of Helm's Deep?  Why not say, "I'm not going to sit here doing nothing while Saruman runs roughshod over Rohan;  you can support me or not, Elrond, but if you aren't willing to help, you can at least get the hell out of the way"?  Why does her aide Haldir "bring word from Elrond" when the troops - and the impetus for sending them - came from Galadriel, and Elrond resisted sending them out for as long as he could?  And again, what is Elrond's official position/status/rank, and why would a queen need his permission to deploy her own troops? I have 4GB RAM. When I open Firefox, IntelliJ IDEA or VS Code and some other application my memory is about used up thus my machine hangs and I can't do anything. I can't even close any applications.    Date and time are shown in the top bar so that I can view it any time without any thing typing.   If I would view memory status in this way without typing anything then I can make a decision whether to open an application or whether this application may put my machine in hanging state or not.    Is it possible in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS? How do I remove an OpenID or login? How do I remove login credentials (emails or OpenIDs) from my account?     For more information, see "" in the . Can one explain the different distributions of the Saxon and the analytic (Norman) (periphrastic, 'of') genitive This is a canonical question and answer developed by the community to help address common questions. If you've been directed here, or your question has been closed as a duplicate, please look through the resources here and use them to shape more specific questions. To browse all canonical questions and answers, including more unit test resources, navigate to the  tag.  This canonical question is intended to address several classes of common questions by providing a quick summary and links to comprehensive resources:   How do I start writing my first unit test?  How do I unit test this code?  I need help writing this unit test.   Salesforce Stack Exchange looks for detailed, specific questions that the community can help you with, and can't write tests on your behalf. We feel that working with the resources below can help you get started, and we encourage you to make an attempt to write your test and return to SFSE with your specific questions when you encounter challenges you can't resolve. Why do files sometimes change but not the inode or vice versa? When a file is updated then the corresponding inode gets updated. But sometimes the following condition occurs    file is same and inode is new  file gets changed but corresponding inode is older   Why ? Can all circles of radius $1/n$ be packed in a unit disk, excluding the circle of radius $1/1$? This problem occurred to me when I came across a similar problem where the radii were taken over only the primes. That question was unanswered, but it seems to me infinitely many circles of radius $1/2, 1/3, 1/4...$ can fit into a unit disk. The area of all those circles would be $\pi \sum_2^\infty 1/n^2 = \pi^3/6 -\pi$, which is less than the area of the unit disk $\pi$. But can the circles actually be packed with no overlaps? Suggested reading for renormalization (not only in QFT) What papers/books/reviews can you suggest to learn what  "really" is?  Standard QFT textbooks are usually computation-heavy and provide little physical insight in this regard - after my QFT course, I was left with the impression that Renormalization is just a technical, somewhat arbitrary trick (justified by experience) to get rid of divergences. However, the appearance of Renormalization in other fields of physics  approach in statistical physics etc.), where its necessity and effectiveness have, more or less, clear physical meaning, suggests a general concept beyond the mere "shut up and calculate" ad-hoc gadget it is served as in usual QFT courses.   I'm especially interested in texts providing some unifying insight about renormalization in QFT, statistical physics or pure mathematics. Install python packages for specific python version I understand that in Ubuntu 14.04, you have access to both python 2.7.6 and python 3.4.0. When getting python packages through the command line, how do I make sure that I am installing packages meant for python 2.7.6 and not for python 3.4.0? How do you get the footer to stay at the bottom of a Web page? I have a simple 2-column layout with a footer that clears both the right and left div in my markup.  My problem is that I can't get the footer to stay at the bottom of the page in all browsers.  It works if the content pushes the footer down, but that's not always the case. How to compute moments of log normal distribution? The computed moments of log normal distribution can be found . How to compute them? Does Android hide some amount of RAM from the User? I bought a new tablet, but Android (2.3.1) shows that it has only 150MB free of 256MB, and it should have 512MB.  I checked the file /proc/meminfo, MemTotal information. It only shows 256MB. Is there a possibility that the Android "hid" 256MB of RAM from the user? New passport and entrance Schengen I am from Brazil and travel a lot in Schengen countries. Under the rules of Schengen visa (3 months stay in a 6 months period). In my passport are the entrance and exit stamps, also to chec the days I stay in Schengen.  I need a new passport and will get this in Brazil. So in this new passport are NOT the stamps. Does this mean I start new with the Schengen visa rule? I seems like. The new passport is empty. Or do I miss something? It would be great because I am almost on my 90 days stay in the period of 180 days. Ubuntu 20.04 interface font too small after restart, even with high scaling factor So I was configuring VS code on my Notebook when suddenly I noticed that my interface font got really small on my desktop, terminal and files. I use Gnome Tweaks Tool to increase my scaling factor to 1,15 , but, even though it was active, the font stayed tiny. The solution I found was moving my scaling factor, which instantly fixed my font issue, however, every time I restart my Notebook the font gets tiny again and I have to repeat the process. I tried reseting my font configuration using this command, but had no success. gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor  I also tried using the command dconf reset -f /  Finally, I tried using dconf-editor, but still had no success altering the font rendering DPI or changing the scaling factor. All of the steps I mentioned fixed my fonts temporarily, but the issue still persists when I restart my Notebook I am out of ideas and even considered getting a fresh Ubuntu install by now... My video card: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050 GPU How can I maintain open ssh connection and use it from shell scripts? Currently i invoke the following:  $ ssh me@host.com my_cmd   This is slow and not easy to automate safely. I would like to establish ssh connection once and have some script that will forward my commands to host.com and print output.  Is that possible ?  Adding my machine to authorized_keys is not an option for me and it wouldn't solve slowness issue. How do I use sudo to redirect output to a location I don't have permission to write to? When should I use  or >()? I know that &lt;, &lt;(), &lt;&lt; all are used to give input and  &gt;, &gt;() which are used to redirect output.  But I don't know what is clear difference between them and when to use them.  Please explain in detail and along with references if possible. Thanks