I have calulated an OLS with and without a constant term. However, besides that the values are different I haven`t really found anything valueable?  Therefore my question is:  Whats the biggest difference in calculating a simple regression model with/without a constant term?  I really appreciate your reply!
I am running linear regression models and wondering what the conditions are for removing the intercept term.   In comparing results from two different regressions where one has the intercept and the other does not, I notice that the $R^2$ of the function without the intercept is much higher. Are there certain conditions or assumptions I should be following to make sure the removal of the intercept term is valid?
Repost it with a minimal working example for the amsmath must be loaded earlier than mathspec problem See the following mwe:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{mathspec} \usepackage{unicode-math}  \begin{document} \begin{equation*}   1 + 2 = 3  \end{equation*} \end{document}   Run the above code with xelatex will meet the following error:  ! Package mathspec Error: `amsmath' must be loaded earlier than `mathspec'.  See the mathspec package documentation for explanation. Type  H &lt;return&gt;  for immediate help.  ...                                                l.54 \RequirePackage{amsmath}  ?    $ xelatex --version XeTeX 3.14159265-2.6-0.999991 (TeX Live 2019)  Regards It seems Kylo has an obsession of Darth Vader and has an interest in the dark side because of it.   Does he not realize that Darth Vader turned good and helped destroy the Empire (Spoilers?)? I feel like Kylo would've seen how much better the Light Side was as it was able to turn Vader from the Dark Side if he had known this. I'm trying to work out this shoulder deformation. I can't figure it out.  Is there anything wrong in my armature? Should i add bones and keep more control of my mesh or use shape keys? Here is my file blend. Arrows describing matrix Lets say I have a 5x5 matrix. I want to place 2 leftrightarrows (with descriptions "3", "2") underneath the matrix, but really close to it: first pointing from col1 to col3 and second from col4 to col5. Plus updownarrows with similar outcome. How can I achieve that?  draft:  1 1 1 | 1 1  &lt;--> &lt;-> Explicitly accept change for PPA 'Label' When I run apt-get update on my ubuntu 17.10 I receive the following error:  E: Repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu artful InRelease' changed its 'Label' value from '***** The main PPA for PHP (5.6, 7.0, 7.1) with many PECL extensions *****' to '***** The main PPA for supported PHP versions with many PECL extensions *****' N: This must be accepted explicitly before updates for this repository can be applied. See apt-secure(8) manpage for details."   The man page doesn't really point to a solution.  My question is, how do I explicitly accept the change? Cloning an SD card onto a larger SD card I'm using Ubuntu 12.04. I have an old 4GB SD card, and have just bought a new 16GB SD card. I would like to copy everything from my old 4GB SD card onto the new 16GB SD card. I was afraid that the usual copy-and-paste trick would miss out something, so I wanted to clone the old 4GB SD card onto the 16GB SD card. I used the dd command in a shell, following instructions in .  This worked with one small caveat. The new SD card now appeared to be 4GB. I later found out this is because the primary partition on the 16GB SD card has now shrunk to 4GB. I have solved this problem, and I think I understand it. However, my question now is, how do I clone my old 4GB SD card onto my new 16GB SD card without making the primary partition on the 16GB SD card shrink to 4GB? Value of the Hubble parameter over time There is something I don't understand about the  $H$, as it seems to clump two concepts together that I can't quite unify in my head. On the one side, we have  $$V = D H$$  which means that for a given distance $D$, there is a certain amount of new space created over time - and $H$ is simply the factor that makes this relationship work. So, for example, say we have two points 1 Mpc apart, this would mean they recede at about 70 km/s away from each other  (given our current approximation of $H$).  Now the thing I can't wrap my head around is that   $$T =\frac{1}{ H}$$  is also the age of the universe. Contrary to claims made on, say, Wikipedia this means that $H$ cannot possibly have been a constant throughout the past 13 billion years, because mathematically $1/H$ means that $H$ must be continually shrinking as the universe ages.  So if $H$ did start out as some huge value and is now shrinking over time, doesn't this mean the expansion of the universe is slowing down? Because if $H$ is shrinking, I'll get a lower value of $V$ today than I'll get tomorrow. Shouldn't the notation then be more like  $$V = DH(t)$$  So which one is it? If $1/H$ is simply the solution for $D=0$, how can we use it as the expansion-velocity-per-unit-of-distance at the same time? What's worse, how can literature say $H$ has probably been more or less constant forever and simultaneously assert that $1/H$ is the current age of the universe? What am I missing? Prove that: $2^a+3^b<3a+4b$ I'm close to maxing out my character and I want to beat Ganon solely for the TRUE ending, but I'm too scared of losing some of my personal favorites from the Guardian Spear++ to fighting those damned Guardians (it was so fun).  So, after beating Ganon    Do monsters disappear? - Including the corrupted Guardians, but also the blood moons, I don't want to just face off against the Yiga Clan... Am I gonna run out of resources? - As a survival game Zelda BOTW has some emphasis on the survival genre but to me it is a survival-esque action-adventure game. Are special weapons still available when you max out? - Like the Savage Lynel Spears or Swords) What's the scope of a variable initialized in an if statement? Retrieving Data from remote database My international conference in Europe this May has been canceled due to the COVID-19. I have a ticket, purchased from TAP air Portugal, from Toronto, Canada to Lisbon. Because it is a non-refundable fare, they don't want to give a refund.  They won't allow me to reschedule later than May 31 of this year. This won't be useful for me.  What options do I have? I'd prefer to get a full refund.  (I am a US citizen if it matters)  Note: They offered to refund just the taxes, which is about 10% of the value. That's not horrible, but I'd rather have the whole thing returned. The sentence     Women driving cars is, of course, such a foreign sight to a society like   Saudi Arabia   The subject is not "women" (otherwise, the verb would have been 'are'); the subject, as I mean to use it, is the rarity of seeing women driving cars. The subject, in other words, is "women driving cars" as a thing. Does this give me licence to use 'is' here? Thank you. What is $\Delta t$ in the time-energy uncertainty principle? I am not sure which conjunction to use in the following context:        I know about programming but I have a little bit of confusion in Java programming.   I know about programming although I have a little bit of confusion in programming.    I know about programming however I have a little bit of confusion in Java programming. If $z_n \to z$ then $(1+z_n/n)^n \to e^z$ We are dealing with $z \in \mathbb{C}$. I know that $$ \left(1+ \frac{z}{n} \right)^n \to e^{z} $$ as $n \to \infty$. So intuitively if $z_n \to z$ then we should have $$ \left(1+ \frac{z_n}{n} \right)^n \to e^{z}. $$ If $z_n \in \mathbb{R}$ I would be happy writing $$ \exp \left(n \log\left(1+ \frac{z_n}{n} \right) \right) = \exp \left(z_n \frac{\log\left(1+ \frac{z_n}{n} \right)-\log(1+0)}{\frac{z_n}{n}-0} \right) \to \exp(z \cdot 1) $$ where here we are using the definition of derivative. But if $z \in \mathbb{C}$ the logarithm is multivalued and I'm not sure that the same calculation is allowed. Is there a different way to show this for complex $z$? I failed to open a lock. Now what? How do I share internet with Windows from my Linux box? I have a Linux (Ubuntu 12.04) PC connected to the internet with a Greenpacket WiMax USB modem. I want to share the Internet connection with another computer running Windows 7 Home Premium, connected to the Linux PC over a LAN. Is this possible? How? Is the reverse possible instead (connecting the internet to the Windows computer and sharing it with Linux)? Prevent Windows 10 from installing/updating a specific driver? It seems that the recent Synaptics driver update for Synaptics SMBus TouchPad on Windows 10 (build 100049) somehow doesn't see my middle-button. Uninstalling, and installing an older driver for Windows 8.1 from the HP site (my machine is HP EliteBook 8570w) restores the middle button functionality.    Few days later, the driver updates itself again, and I lose the middle-button.  I realize I'm running unsupported software, but is it possible to prevent updating this particular driver, without either disabling updates altogether or preventing other drivers from updating? What is $\int_{-\pi}^\pi \cos(nx)\cos(mx)\,dx$?