I cannot install vineyard because I am asked this:  To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo &lt;command&gt;."   See "man sudo_root" for details.
I have recently joined Ubuntu version 16.04. When i open the terminal it displays this message "To run a command as administrator(user "root"), use sudo command ". Please help me with this problem asap.  It happened to me (@waltinator), too. I did CtrlAltt to open a teminal, and is my wont, did 3 CtrlShiftt to open additional teminal screens. The additional screens got the message:  To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo &lt;command&gt;". See "man sudo_root" for details.   before my .bashrc finished.    I can't find anywhere in my .bashrc or its included files where I attempt to sudo anything (sounds like a Bad Idea) during my login process. I do set up aliases that sudo when evaluated, but not when defining the alias:  $ egrep 'sudo |su ' .bashrc .bash_aliases /etc/profile.d/color_ls.sh etc/bash_path_funcs/*  .bashrc:# makes "sudo" easier: sudo less $LESS files .bash_aliases:alias bigopenfiles="sudo lsof / | awk '{if(\$7 &gt; 1048576) print \$7/1048576 \"MB\" \" \" \$9 }' | sort -n -u"  .bash_aliases:alias deletedfiles="sudo lsof / | egrep 'PID|\(deleted\)'" .bash_aliases:alias bigopenfiles="sudo lsof / | awk '{if(\$7 &gt; 1048576) print \$7/1048576 \"MB\" \" \" \$9 }' | sort -n -u"  .bash_aliases:alias deletedfiles="sudo lsof / | egrep 'PID|\(deleted\)'" .bash_aliases:alias aptfixkey="sudo gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys " .bash_aliases:alias susp="sudo -v &amp;&amp; sleep 20 &amp;&amp; echo 'Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz' &amp;&amp; date &amp;&amp; sudo pm-suspend &amp;&amp; date &amp;&amp; echo 'Awake'" .bash_aliases:alias update='wupdatestatus=99;while [[ $wupdatestatus -ne 0 ]] ; do sudo apt-get update; wupdatestatus=$?;echo "status=$wupdatestatus";if [[ $wupdatestatus -ne 0 ]] ; then date; sleep 300; fi; done' .bash_aliases:alias upgrade='wupgradestatus=99;while [[ $wupgradestatus -ne 0 ]] ; do sudo apt-get upgrade; wupgradestatus=$?;echo "status=$wupgradestatus"; if [[ $wupgradestatus -ne 0 ]] ; then date; sleep 300; fi; done' .bash_aliases:alias upgradedl='wupgradestatus=99;while [[ $wupgradestatus -ne 0 ]] ; do sudo apt-get --download-only upgrade; wupgradestatus=$?;echo "status=$wupgradestatus"; if [[ $wupgradestatus -ne 0 ]] ; then date; sleep 300; fi; done' .bash_aliases:alias dist-upgrade='wupgradestatus=99;while [[ $wupgradestatus -ne 0 ]] ; do sudo apt-get dist-upgrade; wupgradestatus=$?;echo "status=$wupgradestatus"; if [[ $wupgradestatus -ne 0 ]] ; then date; sleep 300; fi; done' .bash_aliases:alias wup='wifi;sudo rmmod rt2800usb;sudo modprobe rt2800usb;nmcli con up id Nick;wifi;ping3 slashdot.org' .bash_aliases:    sudo tail -n 50 $( ls -rt1 /var/log |sed -e 's%^%/var/log/%'| tail -n 6 ) grep: /etc/profile.d/color_ls.sh: No such file or directory   None of the logs help:  $ sudo grep -l sudo /var/log/* /var/log/*/* 2&gt;/dev/null     shows nothing interesting.  How do I track down who/what is trying to sudo when I login?
Insect identification - Is this a bedbug? This bug was found on a couch in . The couch, and the two beds in the room show no signs of other bugs. Is this a bed bug that I should worry about or something harmless? It was slightly larger than a common tick. I reviewed  in the First Posts queue.  Which said      i changed it to 'localsystem' and done. thanks much   So it obviously was a potential low quality post. But sometimes such answers can be spot on, so I checked it out, better safe than sorry. I turned out the post had been deleted. Great! So I clicked "No action needed". Then I got this:    You can imagine I felt "wrongfully accused".  I think that deleted posts should not be used for review audits, because the meaning of "No action needed" is not clear in this context. The union of a strictly increasing sequence of $\sigma$-algebras is not a $\sigma$-algebra Is $R^2$ useful or dangerous? Are counters (noun) physical things? memoryless property of exponential distributions with random variables It is true that $P(X&gt;t+s|X&gt;t)=P(X&gt;s)$ for certain values $t$ and $s$.  However, how can I show that this still holds if:   $T$ is a continuous random variable. That is $P(X&gt;T+s|X&gt;T)=P(X&gt;s)$ Both $T$ and $S$ are continuous RVs: $P(X&gt;T+S|X&gt;T)=P(X&gt;S)$   All the random variables are independent. Why is.vector on a data-frame doesn't return TRUE? Is smell a bad way of determining whether meat is still good? I have always relied on my sense of smell to determine whether meat (most often chicken) is bad and I thought it was reliable. However, I have just heard that [1] smell is not always reliable, since some of the toxins produced by bacteria won't cause any smell whatsoever and you won't be able to notice that the meat is off until after you've eaten it.   Is this true? If yes, is this true for all meat or only for some? Is there a more reliable way of determining whether meat is still good.  [1] "Heard that" isn't very reliable; so that's why I'm asking the question here. :) Upper bound for $\sqrt[n]{n!}$ SQL Server 2016 memory optimised table: Precreated files constantly growing I have a memory optimised table in SQL Server 2016, with file durability enabled. The table is only 100MB. SQL Server is constantly creating new files on disk, which start off at a few hundred MB, but then grow constantly until the drive runs out of space then they clear down and the process starts again. The files are growing at about 900MB an hour. Running the SQL below shows that all the space is in Precreated Data - so it's not even actually storing large amounts of data, just allocating space to use later.  SELECT state_desc, file_type_desc, COUNT(*) AS [count],    SUM(file_size_in_bytes) / 1024 / 1024 AS [on-disk size MB]    FROM sys.dm_db_xtp_checkpoint_files   GROUP BY state, state_desc, file_type, file_type_desc   ORDER BY state, file_type     File growth on the file group is set to unlimited, so I'm assuming I can set a value on this and stop it growing, but I can't find anything to say why it's allocating so much space in the first place. The data in the table does change very rapidly (a lot of inserts and deletes as the data is constantly processed, but it the data that isn't Precreated never gets over 4GB.  Is there a setting in SQL Server that controls this file precreation? Is it safe to set a limit on the autogrowth for the file group? Don't understand proof that interior of a set is open What is the number of invertible $n\times n$ matrices in $\operatorname{GL}_n(F)$? $F$ is a finite field of order $q$. What is the size of $\operatorname{GL}_n(F)$ ?  I am reading Dummit and Foote "Abstract Algebra".  The following formula is given:  $(q^n - 1)(q^n - q)\cdots(q^n - q^{n-1})$.  The case for $n = 1$ is trivial.  I understand that for $n = 2$  the first row of the matrix can be any ordered pair of field elements except for $0,0$. and the second row can be any ordered pair of field elements that is not a multiple of the first row.  So for $n = 2$  there are $(q^n - 1)(q^n - q)$ invertible matrices.  For $n\geq 3$, I cannot seem to understand why  the formula works.  I have looked at Sloane's OEIS A002884.  I have also constructed and stared at a list of all $168$ $3\times 3$ invertible matrices over $GF(2)$.  I would most appreciate a concrete and detailed explanation of how say $(2^3 - 1)(2^3 - 2)(2^3 - 2^2)$ counts these $168$ matrices. Postfix SMTP banner show multiple hostnames We have a Postfix SMTP server that's bound to two IP addresses and serves mail for two different domains. We can't change the domains to both use the same, single IP. Both IP addresses have reverse DNS   1.1.1.1 reverses to mail.domain1.com 2.2.2.2 reverses to mail.domain2.com   In our Postfix config I have  myhostname = mail.domain1.com myhostname = mail.domain2.com  inet_interfaces = 1.1.1.1, 2.2.2.2  smtpd_banner = $myhostname Mail Server   (And some other stuff, which I think is irrelevant)  Using , running the smtp test command on mail.domain2.com returns everything as OK, however running it on mail.domain1.com returns an error because Postfix is identifying itself as 'mail.domain2.com' in the SMTP banner, how do I get it to return the correct banner based on the external IP address used? Text not very readable on different image backgrounds : So how many named special cases of each modal verb are there, in toto? There's   1. subjunctive should, and   2. mandative should, and   3. , at least;   and I s[up]pose 4. Should we? is suggestive should, and   5. Shouldn't we? is tag **should**, and I can think of a lot more.    I ask about only operative uses of this modal verb including literary and formal usage,  but please omit anything obsolete. I'm trying to classify them and learn the formal terms describing each. Are there any apt others in addition to the ones above? (I added the enumeration below)  1. What's 'subjunctive should'?  Whenever should is conjugated in the subjunctive mood? 5. What's a tag **should** ? 6. Where does  should/would  feature? What's it called? This should is detailed in   or  or . How to get my hover-menu back? This question is here so we can offer users who are looking for information on how to make one or more common or basic redirects in Apache using the htaccess file. All future questions pertaining to finding information that is that is covered by the question should be closed as a duplication of this question. .  Whats the point in this question? The idea while not perfect is catch the most commonly asked questions regarding redirects using the  htaccess on the Apache platform either on  some type of lamp or a live server. The type of answers should be generally those that you could imagine are used by 100,000’s of sites world-wide and are constantly asked here at Pro Webmasters repeatedly over and over in various forms.  A few examples of the type of answers we are looking for:   How can I redirect non-www to www? How can I redirect a sub domain to the main domain? How can I redirect a sub folder from domain to a root or a subdomain?  How can I redirect an old URL to a new URL?   A few examples of the types of answers that we are not looking for:   Answers that do not involve a redirect. Any answers relating to NGinx, IIS or any other non-Apache platform. Answers that involve custom and complex string or query removals.   Resources for Advanced to Complex Mod_Rewrite Rules:      Please note: that this question is still in construction and may need some refining either by myself or a real moderator of Pro Webmasters, if you have any concerns or questions . Rubbing eggplants in salt Please add the ability to fold blocks of code in questions and answers It would be great to have the option to fold code snippets, entire questions and answer posts on a user basis and allow defining some generic foldable regions within the question/answer editor.  Non generic folding info could be stored in cookies perhaps to move the storage/processing requirement to the client side.  Definable folding can take any free and safe HTML tag or other multi character trick (&lt;>Fold this&lt;>) The full question: suppose N is normal in G and $[G:N]=p$ is a prime. Prove that for any $K \leq G$, either (1) $K \leq N$ or (2)$KN=G$ and $[K:K \cap N]=p$.  Since $N,K \leq G$, it is of course possible that $K \leq N$ could happen.  but for (2), we can show $KN \subseteq G$  but how can we show $KN=G$?  And what information does "$[G:N]=p$" give us?