At one point Benjen Stark states that     The Wall is not just ice and stone. Ancient spells were carved into its foundations. Strong magic to protect men from what   lies beyond. And while it stands, the dead cannot pass.   However, at the beginning of the series...      ...a deadman/wight attacks Jon Snow in Castle Black, which is situated on the other side of the wall.   Also in the latest episode...      ...a wight was taken south of the wall on the back of a dragon.   These two instances seem to be at odds with Benjen's claim that the dead cannot pass the wall.  Is there any explanation for this?  EDIT:  By "the dead" I only mean the deadmen/wights/animated corpses - not the Night King or the White Walkers.  By "cross the wall" I mean anyway of going from one side of the wall to the other, including flying over, tunnelling under or passing through.
In Season 6, we find out the following about the magical properties of the wall:     BENJEN: This is where I leave you.   BRAN: You're not coming with us?   BENJEN: The Wall is not just ice and stone. Ancient spells were carved into its foundations. Strong magic to protect men from what lies beyond. And while it stands, the dead cannot pass. I cannot pass.   —"Winds of Winter" (Game of Thrones, S06E10)   So why would the men of Westeros need to worry about the Night King and his army? Couldn't they sit back and enjoy the wall's protection?
I was just curious, why is epic a silver badge if only 73 users have been awarded with it?  For example: Silver Epic - 73  Gold Electorate - 193    Edit: My point was to reduce the level of epic, like "hit the daily reputation cap on 30 days" so it becomes some what at par with other silver badges. R.Java not generated Strange characters when the output of `ls` is redirected to a file I want to list the components of the current working directory in a text file  ls -1 &gt; textfile   Output looks fine with more.   1010661085645 1010729039145 1010747080245 1010849051345 1010859053445 1011046075845   However when I view this textfile with emacs, several strange characters appear  [0m[01;34m1010661085645[0m [01;34m1010729039145[0m [01;34m1010747080245[0m [01;34m1010849051345[0m [01;34m1010859053445[0m [01;34m1011046075845[0m   Can anyone explain what is going on here? Atiyah Macdonald, Exercise 8.3. Let $k$ be a field and $A$ a finitely generated $k$-algebra. Prove that the following are equivalent:   (1) $A$ is Artinian.   (2) $A$ is a finite $k$-algebra.   I have a question in the proof of (1$\Rightarrow$2): By using the structure theorem, we may assume that $(A,m)$ is an Artin local ring. Then $A/m$ is a finite algebraic extension of $k$ by . Since $A$ is Artinian, $m$ is the nilradical of $A$ and thus $m^n=0$ for some $n$. Thus we have a chain $A \supseteq m \supseteq m^2 \supseteq \cdots \supseteq m^n=0$. Since $A$ is Noetherian, $m$ is finitely generated and hence each $m^i/m^{i+1}$ is a finite dimensional $A/m$-vector space, hence a finite dimensional $k$-vector space.  But now how can I deduce that $A$ is a finite dimensional $k$-vector space? How to study/prepare for the Salesforce Developer Certification I am fairly new to Force.com development (less than a year). I did not learn it from the ground up. So I think it will be good to study for the developer exam to strengthen my basics and improve my overall knowledge of Force.com + it will be great to have this certification.  Now it's surprising that there is not a lot of great information on the web about how to go about obtaining this certification. Most other major certifications have dedicated study guide books available but there are few for Force.com and I don't think any of them are official.   The official page has little information. The Study guide gives a broad description of the topics in the test.   I see a lot of the esteemed members are here certified developers. I think if you guys could give us a little information, hints/tips and some advice on how to prepare for this exam, it will really be of great help. Also is DEV401 required/helpful?  Also if we could get recommendations for great resources(books, online training etc) and practice tests it will be awesome. How does the NSAutoreleasePool autorelease pool work? As I understand it, anything created with an alloc, new, or copy needs to be manually released. For example:  int main(void) {     NSString *string;     string = [[NSString alloc] init];     /* use the string */     [string release]; }   My question, though, is wouldn't this be just as valid?:  int main(void) {     NSAutoreleasePool *pool;     pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];     NSString *string;     string = [[[NSString alloc] init] autorelease];     /* use the string */     [pool drain]; } What determines whether colors you can't see are visible or not? So, when someone is red-green colorblind, the colors appear the same to them, like this:   And if you're totally colorblind, then things presumably just appear like they would in a black-and-white movie.  However, this isn't how ultraviolet patterns seem to work. Compare how we see this flower to the version where ultraviolet is visible:   The UV pattern is completely invisible here. However, unlike with the red and green, this isn't because yellow and UV are colors that appear identical when you can't see UV. Look at these flowers:     This time the flowers are purple, but the UV pattern is still invisible. Why is that? Shouldn't the UV pattern still be apparent on at least one of the flowers, just in a different color? And on some other flowers, the UV does appear as a different color. So:    Why is the UV invisible only sometimes?  Does it have to do with the flower using iridescent structures to produce color, instead of a pigment? Can this happen with red and green, as well? Studying for an exam, a review question...  Given $G=\langle x,y|x^4=y^4=e,xyxy^{-1}=e\rangle$.    Show $|G|\leq16$.   For this, I want to consider that $x^3=x^{-1}$ and $y^3=y^{-1}$ based on our assumptions. I am a little lost as to how to put the second part, $xyxy^{-1}=e$ to show there are no more than 16 elements.   If $|G|=16$, find the center of the group and find a group that is isomorphic to $G/\langle y^2\rangle$.   I'm pretty sure the group is centerless. I would like to do two things   Increase the size of inmargin area (i.e., customize inner sidebar so that more contents could fit there) Reduce the empty space between the title of block environment and the slide edge (from the example below, the title of block has too much of wasted space to its left which could be used to create more readable sentences)     MWE  \documentclass[xcolor={x11names}]{beamer}  \usecolortheme{structure} \useinnertheme{rectangles} \useinnertheme{inmargin}  \usecolortheme{crane}  \usefonttheme{structurebold}   \usepackage{fontspec}  \usepackage{calc}  \usepackage[inline]{enumitem} % Description list defaults      % To change font     \newcommand{\descriptionfont}{\fontencoding{T1} \fontfamily{bch} \selectfont}      % Label indentation     \newcommand{\descLabOffset}{\widthof{\hspace{2.6mm}}}      % Left of description aligned with the left margin     \newcommand{\descLeftLabMarInd}{0mm - \descLabOffset}      % Left of description aligned with \parindent     \newcommand{\descLeftLabParInd}{\parindent - \descLabOffset}      % Set the list options     \setlist[description, 1]{font=\descriptionfont, leftmargin=*, labelsep=3mm, labelindent=\descLeftLabMarInd, align=left}  \begin{document}   \begin{frame}{Induction Motors}      \begin{block}{Why is induction motor very common?}          Induction motors are very practical for the following reasons          \begin{description}             \item[Rigid] Rigid             \item[Cheap] Cheap             \item[Low Maintenance] Low Maintenance             \item[Self-Starting] Self-starting             \item[No Excitation Needed] No Excitation Needed         \end{description}      \end{block}  \end{frame}  \end{document} In addition to the .tex and .dvi or .pdf files, TeX/LaTeX/ConTeXt produces and uses lots of other files. What do they do? Which ones are used to create the document and which ones are automatically created by the compiler. What files can I safely delete? Cannot find Underground Jungle Temple On my 1.2 Terraria Map I have been mining from left to right in my large underground jungle using my rocket launcher. Despite this, I have had no luck on finding the Underground Jungle Lihzahrd Temple. I have been searching the layer above where lava constantly spawns. Have I simply spawned in a world without one or am I searching in the wrong place? I have also considered using the clentimator with Dark Blue ammo to provide light, should I do that? Which of the following are correct and which are wrong?   The 2000-year-old computer The 2000 year-old computer The 2000 year old computer The 2000-years-old computer The 2000 years-old computer The 2000 years old computer   In a documentary, BBC4 used the title The 2000 year-old computer, which I believe to be wrong. Am I right? Finding an example of a discrete-time strict local martingale. Renaming files in lexicographical order with a numerical pattern that increases sequentially with fixed padding I have files such as  a bb ccc abc emrls   I would like to rename them so that, after sorting them (for example, lexicographically), each file gets the following name:  00001 00002 00003 etc   where the # of digits for the 0 padding is specified a priori, e.g. 6 in the case above (assuming that we know how many digits are needed).  Since the shell I am most comfortable with is zsh, I'm interested in solutions that benefit from features on zsh (maybe using zsh's zmv?). I would also be interested in solutions that are compatible with Bash. Practically speaking, how do people handle ANOVA when the data doesn't quite meet assumptions? This isn't a strictly stats question--I can read all the textbooks about ANOVA assumptions--I'm trying to figure out how actual working analysts handle data that doesn't quite meet the assumptions. I've gone through a lot of questions on this site looking for answers and I keep finding posts about when not to use ANOVA (in an abstract, idealized mathematical context) or how to do some of the things I describe below in R. I'm really trying to figure out what decisions people actually make and why.   I'm running analysis on grouped data from trees (actual trees, not statistical trees) in four groups. I've got data for about 35 attributes for each tree and I'm going through each attribute to determine if the groups differ significantly on that attribute. However, in a couple of cases, the ANOVA assumptions are slightly violated because the variances aren't equal (according to a Levene's test, using alpha=.05).   As I see it, my options are to: 1. Power transform the data and see if it changes the Levene p-val. 2. Use a non-parametric test like a Wilcoxon (if so, which one?). 3. Do some kind of correction to the ANOVA result, like a Bonferroni (I'm not actually sure if something like this exists?). I've tried the first two options and gotten slightly different results--in some cases one approach is significant and the other is not. I'm afraid of falling into the p-value fishing trap, and I'm looking for advice that will help me justify which approach to use.  I've also read some things that suggest that heteroscedasticity isn't really that big of a problem for ANOVA unless the means and variances are correlated (i.e. they both increase together), so perhaps I can just ignore the Levene's result unless I see a pattern like that? If so, is there a test for this?  Finally, I should add that I'm doing this analysis for publication in a peer-reviewed journal, so whatever approach I settle on has to pass muster with reviewers. So, if anyone can provide links to similar, published examples that would be fantastic. Using special auto start servlet to initialize on startup and share application data "Track changes" in LaTeX I am writing a scientific paper with my collaborator. We have submitted a version to a journal and now we got a review from them, so we need to fix a few things. In Microsoft Word there is the option to "track changes", which displays the deleted text as crossed out and the new text bolded (if I remember the details correctly). Is there a way to achieve a similar result in LaTeX?  I was thinking to create a new file for the revised version and then write a script which would basically compare the two files and make the differences either bold or crossed out before sending it to latex. Is there a tool that already does it? It seems i'm not gonna find an answer for this question which does not use LHopital's rule. How do you prove limit of (lnx)/x approaches 0 as x moves toward infinity WITHOUT using LHopital's rule? How could I write a command in LaTeX, so after compiling it will be shown as a text in PDF and not executed?  For Example, I would write \it This is how you write in italic and the compiled pdf would contain the exact same text between the quotation marks without \it being executed. if there are 4 different tables and 18 people, how many ways can the people be seated to have at least 4 in each table? For example with 15 people at 3 different tables each seating 5 people, is the number of combinations of seating equal to: $$\binom{15}5\binom{10}5(4!)^3$$