Consider the sentence "What is the probability of Bob winning?"  What is the function of "Bob winning"? It's certainly acting as the object of the preposition, but I don't recognize this type of construction from any of my English courses. Is it even correct usage?
I have a problem analysing this sentence from the point of finite/nonfinite clauses, clause elements and their functions:     He does not want to destroy his parents' dream of him achieving a Cambridge degree.   I am especially interested in the: dream of him achieving a Cambridge degree.  I know that 'achieving a Cambridge degree' is a non-finite -ing participle clause. However what is its function? And what is the function of 'of him'? Is it a postmodification?
Unknown apps/processes with number only are shown in data usage A mysterious app named &quot;10102&quot; shows up in my data usage. It bears only the standard Android app icon (the Bugdroid logo with a cube on its torso). From what the graph tells me, it has used 36 megabytes of data in the background and zero on the foreground. I think I haven't uninstalled anything for months. Is it malware? I haven't sideloaded anything and only authorized my laptop as a USB debugger. If it's malware, how do I remove it? I have no idea how to find its package name and 10102 isn't in the list of downloaded apps in settings. I'm running stock &amp; never-been-rooted Android 4.4.4 on Nexus 4. How to prove $\operatorname{Tr}(AB) = \operatorname{Tr}(BA)$? there is a similar thread here , but I'm only looking for a simple linear algebra proof. In set theory, if natural numbers are represented by nested sets that include the empty set, how are the rest of the real numbers represented as sets?    Thanks for the answers. Several answers basically said for irrational numbers that  A Dedekind cut is a pair of sets of rational numbers $\{L, R\}$. The set of real numbers is defined to be the set of all Dedekind cuts, where a Dedekind cut is a pair of sets of rational numbers $\{L, R\}$ which have no elements in common, and where all the elements of $L$ are less than any element of $R$.  Each Dedekind cut is a real number. This is where I have a problem - surely that can’t be correct. The set $L$ is a set of all rationals, and there must be a rational in the set $L$ that is greater than all other rationals in that set, even if we have no method of determining it. And similarly, there must be a rational in the set $R$ that is less than all other rationals in that set, even if we have no method of determining it. If every irrational number has a corresponding set $L$, then each irrational number has some such corresponding largest element of that set $L$, and then each irrational number has some corresponding rational number. And that would mean that the irrational numbers are countable. So, with Dedekind cuts,  the only conclusion is that there must be irrational numbers $x$ which are either greater or lesser than some irrational cut $y$ of the rationals, and between $x$ and $y$ there is no rational number.  But that is impossible, so that the Dedekind cuts cannot be the correct representation of the real numbers.  Surely the problem with Dedekind cuts is in using sets of rationals that include all rationals up to a certain rational. But there is an alternative method of representing irrationals can be defined in terms of infinite sets of rational numbers. For example, in binary notation, the non-integer part of $\pi$ is $.00100100\ 00111111\ 01101010\ 10001$. You define a set by: if the nth digit is a $1$, then  the natural number $n$ is in the set. And then we have that, for the real numbers between $0$ and $1$, that the set of real numbers is simply the set of all subsets of natural numbers. Each subset corresponds to some real number between $0$ and $1$.  And in this way, all real numbers can be considered to be some set based only on nested sets of the empty set.  But I still haven’t got a satisfactory answer for how negative numbers can be represented in terms only of sets containing the empty set. Any ideas? Implement multiple inheritance in Javascript How do we get Community Promotion Ads on beta sites? All the launched sites get Community Promotion Ads meta posts posted every year by a SE mod.  Previously, I thought that beta sites simply weren't allowed them. However,  is still in beta, and they had community promotions meta posts in  and  (I guess they haven't made one for 2015 yet).  So what happens? Do you just have to ask for one? Can the moderators of that site just create one as they like? Can anyone on that site just create one as they like? We built our eCommerce web site using Angular as a single page application.  We have implemented a spinner that runs until the page is responding with the expected content. We have some category pages which were crawled and indexed by Google but which are no longer available on the site. What is the best practice for old pages?  Should I create &quot;404 Not Found&quot; pages for them instead of saying &quot;loading&quot; forever? Is setting a no index meta tag enough? I'm trying to solve the well known Coupon Collector's Problem by explicitly finding the probability distribution (so far all the methods I read involve using some sort of trick). However, I'm not having much luck getting anywhere as combinatorics is not something I'm particularly good at.   The Coupon Collector's Problem is stated as:  There are $m$ different kinds of coupons to be collected from boxes. Assuming each type of coupon is equally likely to be found per box, what's the expected amount of boxes one has to buy to collect all types of coupons?  What I'm attempting:  Let $N$ be the random variable associated with the number of boxes one has to buy to find all coupons. Then $P(N=n)=\frac{|A_n|}{|\Omega _n|}$, where $A_n$ is the set of all outcomes such that all types of coupons are observed in $n$ buys, and $\Omega _n$ is the set of all the possible outcomes in $n$ buys. I think $|\Omega _n| = m^n$, but I'm not even sure about that anymore, as all my attempts so far led to garbage probabilities that either diverged or didn't sum up to 1. Earth Engine convert list with coordinates and values into a feature collection for export I need to create a feature collection from a list containing coordinates and band values.  These are extracted from a landsat image as shown in this linked script.    I'm unable to find a solution in creating a feature collection.  Here is the tail end code.  var valuesList = joinedImage.reduceRegion({   reducer: ee.Reducer.toList(4),   geometry: myGeometry }).values().get(0);  var feature = ee.Feature(null, valuesList);   // Wrap the Feature in a FeatureCollection for export. var myFeatures = ee.FeatureCollection([feature]);   // Export the image, specifying scale and region. Export.table.toDrive(myFeatures, "data", "myData", "B4-B5",  "CSV");   This doesn't work, because it is clearly the wrong way to create the feature collection.  I've tried to create it similar to Rodrigo E. Principe's solution of mapping a Feature Collection but I can't seem to create the initial feature collection to start with. How can one use multi threading in PHP applications Is there a realistic way of implementing a multi-threaded model in PHP whether truly, or just simulating it. Some time back it was suggested that you could force the operating system to load another instance of the PHP executable and handle other simultaneous processes.  The problem with this is that when the PHP code finished executing the PHP instance remains in memory because there is no way to kill it from within PHP.  So if you are simulating several threads you can imagine whats going to happen.  So I am still looking for a way multi-threading can be done or simulated effectively from within PHP. Any ideas? Testing whether two regression coefficients are significantly different (in R ideally) If this is a duplicate question, please point to the right way, but the similar questions I've found here haven't been sufficiently similar. Suppose I estimate the model $$Y=\alpha + \beta X + u$$  and find that $\beta&gt;0$. However, it turns out that $X=X_1+X_2$, and I suspect $\partial Y/\partial X_1 \ne \partial Y / \partial X_2$, and in particular, that $\partial Y/\partial X_1 &gt; \partial Y / \partial X_2$. So I estimate the model $$Y=\alpha + \beta_1 X_1 + \beta_2 X_2 +u$$and find significant evidence for $\beta_1,\beta_2&gt;0$. How can I then test whether $\beta_1&gt; \beta_2$? I considered running another regression $$Y=\alpha +\gamma(X_1 - X_2) + u$$ And testing whether $\gamma&gt;0$. Is this the best way?  Also, I need to generalize the answer to many variables, i.e. suppose we have $$Y=\alpha + \beta^1 X^1 + \beta ^2 X^2 + \dots + \beta^nX^n + u$$ where for each $j=1,\dots,n$, $X^j=X_1^j+X_2^j$, and I would like to test for each $j$ whether $\partial Y/\partial X_1^j \ne \partial Y / \partial X_2^j$.  By the way, I am primarily working in R. How can I know which radio button is selected via jQuery? It looks as if the 10k-tools flagged post list is b0rken.  Next to the review link in the toolbar there is a flag counter showing there are 10 flags to be reviewed:    Clicking on that flag counter leads to an empty page:        The moment I visit that page (through clicking on the flags counter, or by going to the review queue first then clicking on Tools, selecting the flags tab if not already selected), the flags counter disappears from the toolbar:    but after a while (half an hour, an hour?) the flag count re-appears in the toolbar.  Either the counter is wrong (presumably taken from a Redis cache somewhere) or the 10k flag review page is falling over every time someone tries to load it.  This at first appeared to happen only on Meta, on Stack Overflow the flags page has plenty to review. However, there are now  on Stack Overflow. How do I make an HTML text box show a hint when empty? Modular Arithmetic - Find the Square Root What is the most efficient way to deep clone an object in JavaScript? What is the most efficient way to clone a JavaScript object? I've seen obj = eval(uneval(o)); being used, but . I've done things like obj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(o)); but question the efficiency.  I've also seen recursive copying functions with various flaws.  I'm surprised no canonical solution exists. When to use 'the' in front of a country? Is it legal/well-defined C++ to call a non-static method that doesn't access members through a null pointer? How do I deploy an OpenStack cloud with Juju? I'd like to get a test cloud up and running in preparation for a possible deployment of 12.04. I messed with the UEC a bit, but have had a much harder time finding anything helpful as a primer for the new stack. There is generic documentation on Diablo, but there are likely to be a lot of pieces already handy in Ubuntu that a specific guide could save time with.  Also, as much as I would love to, my budget doesn't include the $4-6k to get a small cluster running with the Canonical support. Disable chat migration notification if one of the users has insufficient rep? Simple request, really.  Can we add a detection for the     Please avoid extended discussions in   comments. Would you like to   automatically move this discussion to   chat?   prompt, so that if one of the users in the "extended discussion" has under 20 rep it doesn't appear?  I think a lot of the users this apply to will have low rep and it may take some back and forth to get good info out of them.  New suggestion: how about if a sufficiently high-rep user is clicking on the link, the low-rep user gets a field promotion sufficient to chat? Low-rep users are particularly prone to post questions to lead in this direction of needing to move to chat. Why didn't Umbridge succeed in Slytherin? The new information released about Umbridge on Pottermore on Halloween was interesting in that it demonstrated how insidiously Dolores Umbridge applied her ruthless ambition over the years. From making her half-blood family disappear from public view, to oozing her way through the Ministry and up the ladder of success, basically unfettered -- although no one liked her as a person, despite her saccharine demeanor -- this woman was over and again awarded significant positions of power where she could do tremendous damage to others.   Some might see these as Slytherin traits. Some. &lt; shifty eyes > So I was surprised to read that while Umbridge was a Slytherin student at Hogwarts, she was consistently overlooked for positions of power and prestige within Slytherin itself.   Why didn't Umbridge succeed in Slytherin?  RESOURCE: Pottermore on Dolores Umbridge:  ,