"We will retain his rights should he wish to be moved elsewhere at a later date"  What are the rules with using "should" like that? should he wish to and so on.   Because it looks weird. but I know it's correct as it's not the first time I'm seeing "should" being used like that.  thank you
Conditionals in English are usually formed by using if with normal word order; but for the three past (subjunctive) forms were, should, and had, it is also possible to express the conditional through subject–auxiliary inversion alone, with no if in the conditional clause.  Does forming conditionals in this manner differ semantically from if-conditionals? Is some aspect of the conditional statement or the conditionality emphasised more in one version than in the other? Or are there differences in how and when they are used? Or are they simply completely interchangeable?  For example:     If I were you, I would try it again   Were I you, I would try it again      If I had seen it, I would have told you   Had I seen it, I would have told you      If you should drink, don’t get behind the wheel   Should you drink, don’t get behind the wheel
How do I get rid of "U3 System" on my USB drive? I have a USB drive (SanDisk SDCZ40-016G) that mounts in a way I've never seen before. When inserted, two items appear in Places -> Computer:    "SanDisk Ultra Backup: 16GB" contains my data, and "CD Drive: U3 System" contains a Windows executable. The part with the Windows executable doesn't look useful to me so I'd like to remove it. I used GParted to delete the only partition listed on the device and then I created and formatted a new partition:    Strangely, the "CD Drive" containing the Windows executable was perfectly intact after this operation.  What's going on? A while ago, I had a discussion with a colleague about how to insert values in STL . I preferred map[key] = value; because it feels natural and is clear to read whereas he preferred map.insert(std::make_pair(key, value)). I just asked him and neither of us can remember the reason why insert is better, but I am sure it was not just a style preference rather there was a technical reason such as efficiency. The  simply says: &quot;Strictly speaking, this member function is unnecessary: it exists only for convenience.&quot; Can anybody tell me that reason, or am I just dreaming that there is one? Is it a scam if the person only wants to deposit into my account, not make a withdrawal? A man in  west  coast  Austria wants to deposit money  into  my account.  I'm in Alabama.  I had to get an online  account.  I did that, but he says his bank manager  needs all this information:   DOB SSN    online access username  online access  password   security  question and answer   bank name   bank address   bank number  person who is on the account     their name their address    account no   routing no     OK. Is it safe  to do this or am I being scammed?  I don't want him  to be able to end up withdrawing all my money instead of depositing money. Can't execute .out files, getting permission denied I have written a C++ program and complied it to produce a.out file. However, whenever I try to run it, I get Permission Denied. I read that we can use sudo, but I can't quite get it to work. I use something like, sudo "./a.out" but that too doesn't work.  Edit:  Here is the message I get when I try "./a.out".  bash: ./a.out: Permission denied Sci-fi book about a male entering a competition that he wins and gets recruited by millitary Do the search engines take the number of 404 errors returned by a site into account when calculating the site rank? For example I have 8,000 404 errors and I am thinking that that's affecting my SEO in a negative way.  However, I read  about 404 errors which suggests that they are not always a negative quality indicator.   So I am confused...are high numbers of 404 errors harmful to a site or not? The "Reputation &amp; Moderation" page on any site (/help/site-moderators) still refers to the company behind Stack Exchange as Stack Exchange and not Stack Overflow.     Moderators act as a liaison between the community and Stack Exchange the company.   Seeing as how the name change was recent, I'm not surprised this hasn't been caught yet, and I'm sure there are other instances of this around somewhere. The 1st law of thermodynamics If a gas expands adiabatically will the work done be positive or negative?  I think it will be positive as $\delta W=p dV$ and we have a positive sign due to the work done by the gas is positive as it pushes to expand. But this site has the negative of the answer I obtain.   (See adiabatic processes section) I don't want to award a bounty if I feel that the user hasn't answered the question in the right fashion. How do I prevent it? Windows 7 File Explorer search not working The MySQL manual at  covers this.  Usually I just dump the database and reimport it with a new name. This is not an option for very big databases. Apparently RENAME {DATABASE | SCHEMA} db_name TO new_db_name; .  This needs to work with , which stores things very differently than . Sort an array without rewriting a key Finding the null space of symmetric matrix generated by outer product Let $p, q \in \mathbb{R}^n$ such that $\|p\| = \|q\| = 1$ and define $$A = pq^T + qp^T$$ Find the null space of $A$.    I am not having very much luck. I have managed to show that $p + q$ and $p - q$ are eigenvectors, but I can't seem to connect those two. I know that since $A$ is generated by an outer product, it is of rank one. That implies that the rank of the null space is $n - 1$, but I can't seem to get any further. Can anyone help? My understanding is that a random variable is actually a function $X: \Omega \to T$, where $\Omega$ is the sample space of some random experiment and $T$ is the set from which the possible values of the random variable are taken.  Regarding the set of values that the random variable can actually take, it is the image of the function $X$. If the image is finite, then $X$ must be a discrete random variable. However, if it is an infinite set, then $X$ may or may not be a continuous random variable. Whether it is depends on whether the image is countable or not. If it is countable, then $X$ is a discrete random variable; whereas if it is not, then $X$ is  continuous.  Assuming that my understanding is correct, why does the fact that the image is uncountable imply that $Pr(X = x) = 0$.  I would have thought that the fact that the image is infinite, regardless of whether it is countable or not, would already imply that $Pr(X = x) = 0$ since if it is infinite, then the domain $\Omega$ must also be infinite, and therefore  $$Pr(X = x) = \frac{\text{# favorable outcomes}}{\text{# possible outcomes}} = \frac{\text{# outcomes of the experiment where X = x}}{|\Omega|} = \frac{\text{# outcomes of the experiment where X = x}}{\infty} = 0$$  What is wrong with my argument?  Why does the probability that a continuous random variable takes on a specific value actually equal zero? Post-hoc tests after Kruskal-Wallis: Dunn's test or Bonferroni corrected Mann-Whitney tests? I have some non-Gaussian distributed variable and I need to check if there are significant differences between the values of this variable in 5 different groups.  I have performed Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (which came up significant) and after that I had to check which groups were significantly different. Since the groups are kind of sorted (the values of the variable in the first group are supposed to be lower than the values of the variable in the second group which are supposed to be lower than the values of the variable in the third group and so on) I only performed 4 tests:  Group 1 vs Group 2 Group 2 vs Group 3 Group 3 vs Group 4 Group 4 vs Group 5   I have performed this analysis with two different methods. I started by using Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test but nothing came up significant. On the other hand if I use Mann-Whitney test and correct for the number of tests (4) using Bonferroni, 3 tests come up significant.  What does it mean? Which results should I trust? Ubuntu MATE freeze on logout/shutdown/reboot when running on Intel graphics card In natural language parsing, what is the feature function? I'm working in the area of natural language processing, to be specific I'm reviewing the parsers that take advantage of data-mining techniques.   I've read an introduction to natural language processing, specifically the  by Della Pietra and others. In that paper, the authors explain that features are indicator functions that take into account certain aspects of the text. The problem is that this aspects affect the maximum entropy function.  In the case of parsing, I have problems understanding the concept of features. For parsing one must have:   Two sets, $X$ for the sentences and $Y$ for the parses For each sentence $x \in X$, one must have the N-best list of candidate parses; denoted $GEN(x) \subset Y$. Training samples $(x_j,y_j)$. The $x_j$ are sentences and the $y_j$ are parses. And a feature mapping $\Phi(X,Y)$ that maps each pair (x,y) to a vector of feature values.   The problem of parsing will consist of finding the weight vector such that the following expression is minimized  $$ -\sum log P(y_j|x_j,w) + \lambda ||w||_1 $$  where   $$ P(y_j|x_j,w) = \frac{exp \{w^T \Phi(x_j,y_j)\}   }{ \sum_{u \in GEN(x)} exp\{ w^T\Phi(x_j,u) \}  } $$  My question is, what are the features in this case? Some codified version of the parsing tree? Are the features a statistical concept?  I will also appreciate any bibliography that can be useful in tackling this issue.  UPDATE: I've talked to a professor and he had just told me that the features are obtained after doing a classification algorithm based on the parse-tree. Do you know what kind of classification is done with the parse tree? Which year does Spider-Man: Homecoming take place in? I've been looking at  $$\int\limits_0^\infty  {\frac{{{x^n}}}{{1 + {x^m}}}dx }$$  It seems that it always evaluates in terms of $\sin X$ and $\pi$, where $X$ is to be determined. For example:  $$\displaystyle \int\limits_0^\infty  {\frac{{{x^1}}}{{1 + {x^3}}}dx = } \frac{\pi }{3}\frac{1}{{\sin \frac{\pi }{3}}} = \frac{{2\pi }}{{3\sqrt 3 }}$$  $$\int\limits_0^\infty  {\frac{{{x^1}}}{{1 + {x^4}}}dx = } \frac{\pi }{4}$$  $$\int\limits_0^\infty  {\frac{{{x^2}}}{{1 + {x^5}}}dx = } \frac{\pi }{5}\frac{1}{{\sin \frac{{2\pi }}{5}}}$$  So I guess there must be a closed form - the use of $\Gamma(x)\Gamma(1-x)$ first comess to my mind because of the $\dfrac{{\pi x}}{{\sin \pi x}}$ appearing. Note that the arguments are always the ratio of the exponents, like $\dfrac{1}{4}$, $\dfrac{1}{3}$ and $\dfrac{2}{5}$. Is there any way of finding it? I'll work on it and update with any ideas.    UPDATE:  The integral reduces to finding   $$\int\limits_{ - \infty }^\infty  {\frac{{{e^{a t}}}}{{{e^t} + 1}}dt} $$  With $a =\dfrac{n+1}{m}$ which converges only if   $$0 &lt; a &lt; 1$$  Using series I find the solution is     $$\sum\limits_{k =  - \infty }^\infty  {\frac{{{{\left( { - 1} \right)}^k}}}{{a + k}}} $$ What is the proper use of [square brackets] in quotes? I sometimes see square brackets used while quoting.  My assumption is that they are replacing a pronoun with what the object of the pronoun, but I never know for sure because I don't usually get to see what the original quote looks like before the modification.  What are these called and what are the rules of use?