In abstract algebra, how important is it to draw a distinction between polynomials and polynomial functions?
Do we really need polynomials (In contrast to polynomial functions)?
Can a university retract a degree for actions taken after the degree is awarded? Basic photo editing on OS X I need to edit a photo on my Mac. I wish to take two photos and paste them together to create one that's larger, containing both. I couldn't figure out how to do this with iPhoto.   For Windows you have Paint.NET.    For Linux you have Kolourpaint.   What would be the equivalent on OS X?  Please note that it must be of quality both in code and in UI. I wouldn't want to install buggyware on my Mac. What kind of components are black blobs on a PCB? In low-cost mass-produced items I often run into black blobs of what looks like resin applied directly on top of something on the PCB. What are these things exactly? I suspect this is some kind of custom IC that is layed out directly on the PCB to save on the plastic  housing/connector pins. Is this correct? If so, what is this technique called?    This is a photograph of the inside of a cheap digital multimeter. The black blob is the only non-basic piece of circuitry present, along with an op-amp (top) and a single bipolar junction transistor. How do I create bookmarks with pdfLaTeX? I'm using MiKTeX and using pdfLaTeX. I can generate the PDF, but there are no bookmarks. In the .tex-file it is using:  \chapter \section \subsection   (with labels)  I originally used make with sphinx to output LaTeX. It must work somewhat or I wouldn't get the PDF. When I say bookmarks, I mean when you are in Acrobat and the left side has the Bookmarks panel.  I am reading   But I am not sure where to apply this.  EDIT:  I applied this, \usepackage{bookmark}, and got bookmarks, but I never get the subsection bookmarks. What are sentences like "the longer X, the more Y" called and can they be used in formal written English? What is the type of sentence exemplified below called? Is it appropriate to use it in a scientific paper and formal written English in general?     1. The more pronounced the variation, the   more the waste.      2. The more you give, the more you get.      3. The longer I live, the more I realize the impact of attitude on life. Sometimes I see a comma after the proper name:     Hello Mr. Black,      In order to give you....   But my native language is not English and I think that the comma in this phrase should be placed before the proper name:      Hello, Mr. Black.      In order to give you....   What is the correct punctuation in English? Remove impossible badges from per-site metas Per-site metas lists some badges that are impossible to get. For example  lists:         But these are impossibly to get because per-site metas do not support bounties, were not in a beta stage or Area 51 proposals. I therefore suggest that these badges are removed from the per-site metas. They have no function and they are confusing. There are already badges that are unavailable on per-site metas but available on the main sites:    Convention Quorum  This seems to suggest that per-site metas should only contain badges that can be possibly awarded. I've imported several shapefiles which where exported from a Mapinfo .tab. Several  .tab-files are imported resulting in 20+ layers. Afterwards I want to export it to GeoJSON; but I'm reluctant to select each layer and export it manually. Is there a way to merge all the layers into one using QGIS? When should I load assets for optimal performance? I'm writing a game using LWJGL and Java, and was wondering if there were best practices for when to load resources.  I have seen examples that load all resources when initializing the game (XNA), ones that load the new resources needed for each level while referencing the already loaded assets again. How to access raw texture data in DirectX 11? I want to get access to a texture's pixel color data on the CPU. When trying to map the texture, I get E_INVALIDARG in return from ID3D11DeviceContext::Map.  ID3D11ShaderResourceView* resourceView; //represents my texture, already loaded up //...  //Getting the resources of the texture view... ID3D11Resource* res = nullptr; ID3D11Texture2D* tex = nullptr; resourceView-&gt;GetResource(&amp;res); res-&gt;QueryInterface(&amp;tex); D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC desc; tex-&gt;GetDesc(&amp;desc); //Correct data gets filled out D3D11_RESOURCE_DIMENSION dim; res-&gt;GetType(&amp;dim); //value gets set as Texture2D which it should  D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE mappedResource; HRESULT h; h = context-&gt;Map(tex,0,D3D11_MAP_READ,0,&amp;mappedResource); //This always fails h = context-&gt;Map(res,0,D3D11_MAP_READ,0,&amp;mappedResource); //This also fails   The idea is that I keep only shaderResourceViews for my textures, because that is all I needed until now, and get the relevant resources here.  I tried mapping as WRITE_DISCARD also, but to no success. I am really confused, because I never had any problem with mapping constant buffers and vertex buffers. I seem to be certainly missing something? By the way, I am using Wic Texture loader and DDS Texture loader for the DirectXTex toolkit, and tried this code for png, dds textures, with and without mip-maps. What Happened to The Latex Symbols In the Libreoffice-Texmaths Equation Editor? I recently purged Libreoffice because it was buggy.  I then reinstalled the latest version from apt and now it's missing the symbols above the equation editor.  Here is the current Texmaths equation editor:   There used to be shortcuts for latex including frac{}{} and various set theory operations, as well as the binomial distribution on the top of the window.  What happened to them and how do I get them back? I just figured that they were in some package and installed all packages useing sudo apt install libreoffice*, but this didn't help after I refreshed the program.  EDIT 0: I'm using Kubuntu 19.04  sarah@LesserArk:~$ sudo apt-cache policy libreoffice-texmaths libreoffice-writer texlive libreoffice-texmaths:   Installed: 0.43-2   Candidate: 0.43-2   Version table:  *** 0.43-2 500         500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/universe amd64 Packages         500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/universe i386 Packages         100 /var/lib/dpkg/status libreoffice-writer:   Installed: 1:6.2.2-0ubuntu2   Candidate: 1:6.2.2-0ubuntu2   Version table:  *** 1:6.2.2-0ubuntu2 500         500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages         100 /var/lib/dpkg/status texlive:   Installed: 2018.20190227-1   Candidate: 2018.20190227-1   Version table:  *** 2018.20190227-1 500         500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/universe amd64 Packages         500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco/universe i386 Packages         100 /var/lib/dpkg/status A quark star is a hypothetical type of compact exotic star composed of quark matter. These are ultra-dense phases of degenerate matter theorized to form inside particularly massive[citation needed] neutron stars. -Wikipedia   If you add enough mass to a neutron star it forms a black hole but how much mass is needed to form a quark star? When do neutrons and protons start to break down into a mush of quarks and gluons? If I build a package from source how can I uninstall or remove completely? I used source code to build one package such as below:  ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var --libexecdir=/usr/lib --with-package-name="Myplugin" --with-package-origin="http://www.ubuntu.org/" --enable-gtk-doc --disable-static make make install   But unfortunately, i discovered that its the latest version, and has lot of bugs, so i need to remove it/uninstall it. But how can i do so? I tried make clean; make uninstall but still i see it exist:  # pkg-config --list-all | grep Myplugin myplugin-.... $ ls /usr/lib/myplugin/libXYZ.so exist....   How do you remove this now? Could the change from an edit be displayed in a side-by-side display How to launch a command on network connection/disconnection? I have a wifi connection that requires to authenticate using a web form once the wireless link is established. I know how to automate the authentication with a script that uses curl/.  But how can I ask Windows to call my script every time I connect to a particular network connection?  I would be also interested in receiving the name of the wireless profile or the ESSID on the command-line of my script. How do I translate strings in Twig templates? String processing in windows batch files: How to pad value with leading zeros? Why can we distinguish different pitches in a chord but not different hues of light? In music, when two or more pitches are played together at the same time, they form a chord. If each pitch has a corresponding wave frequency (a pure, or fundamental, tone), the pitches played together make a , which is obtained by simple addition. This wave is no longer a pure sinusoidal wave.  For example, when you play a low note and a high note on a piano, the resulting sound has a wave that is the mathematical sum of the waves of each note. The same is true for light: when you shine a 500nm wavelength (green light) and a 700nm wavelength (red light) at the same spot on a white surface, the reflection will be a superposition waveform that is the sum of green and red.  My question is about our perception of these combinations. When we hear a chord on a piano, we’re able to discern the pitches that comprise that chord. We’re able to “pick out” that there are two (or three, etc) notes in the chord, and some of us who are musically inclined are even able to sing back each note, and even name it. It could be said that we’re able to decompose a Fourier Series of sound.  But it seems we cannot do this with light. When you shine green and red light together, the reflection appears to be yellow, a “pure hue” of 600nm, rather than an overlay of red and green. We can’t “pick out” the individual colors that were combined. Why is this?  Why can’t we see two hues of light in the same way we’re able to hear two pitches of sound? Is this a characteristic of human psychology? Animal physiology? Or is this due to a fundamental characteristic of electromagnetism? "Open in terminal" not working on nautilus as root When using natilus as root, open in terminal used to work as using with any user. However, when I press open in terminal when using nautilus as root now, it does nothing.  How to solve it?  The error:  GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_object_set_data: assertion 'G_IS_OBJECT (object)' failed How can I re-enter the US after time in Canada on the VWP? I am an Australian citizen, currently studying in Canada.   I entered the United States In July 22nd for 3 days, where I stayed in Seattle before leaving to return to Vancouver. I then again entered the states on 11th of October and returned on the 18th of October.  On October 19th my original and first Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA), expired. I was under the impression that if I was to travel into the United States again I would have to apply for another ESTA and start the 90 days again, which I was planning on around December the 10th. In addition to this I am flying into Los Angeles on the 17th of December 2014 (where I plan to travel around the USA until flying out of Los Angeles again on 18th of January back to Australia).  However, after speaking to friends and looking at the website I have become confused on what my next course of action should be.  I am told that I cannot apply for another ESTA and be granted another 90 days visit into the USA, whilst I am in Canada and thus not be able to take any of my flights.  What would be the most appropriate action so that I can take my flights leaving North America and also travel the United States?