If I want to question someone about what makes up a given dish, which of the following sentences is the most appropriate ?   What is this dish made up of ?  What is this dish made from ?    It seems to me that the first sentence is more appropriate when we want to know all of the food found on a dish while the second one is more for ingredients, am I right ? In addition to the proper way to question a person, how can we answer someone who asked us to describe a given dish ?  This dish is composed of eggs, french fries, rice ...  Is this construction fine or is there a more proper way to say that ?
I'd really value your thoughts on this one. I'm familiar with the following use of 'made of':  The shirt is made of silk.  But I'd like to know if anyone thinks using this phrasal verb as a synonym for comprise/consist of/be composed of/made up of is actually grammatically correct/non-standard usage.  The board is made of five members. The board is made up of five members.  A few instances of this usage came up on a google search, but I'm not convinced...
Could the Horcruxes be destroyed with Avada Kedavra? In The Deathly Hallows Hermione says this about destroying Horcruxes:     “It doesn’t have to be a basilisk fang,” said Hermione patiently.   “It has to be something so destructive that the Horcrux can’t repair   itself. Basilisk venom only has one antidote, and it’s incredibly   rare—"      "That’s a problem we’re going to have to solve though, because ripping, smashing, or  crushing a Horcrux won’t do the trick. You’ve got to put it beyond magical repair.”   Mad-Eye Moody from The Goblet of Fire tells us this about Avada Kedavra,     ...there's no countercurse. There's no blocking it.   but also that,      Avada Kedavra's a curse that needs a powerful bit of magic behind it - you could   all get your wands out now and point them at me and say the words, and I doubt   I'd get so much as a nosebleed.    Harry is also seen once attempting to use Crucio on Bellatrix Lestrange in The Order of the Phoenix out of anger at the death of Sirius, but he fails. She tells him,     "You need to mean [Unforgivable Curses], Potter! You need to really want to cause pain - to enjoy it - righteous anger won't hurt me for long - I'll show you how it is done, shall I? I'll give you a lesson -"   Even if Harry and company are not powerful enough to perform the curse themselves, they know several powerful wizards (Kingsley, Lupin, et al.) who could likely perform the curse.  Lastly we know that Voldemort himself destroyed the last bit of his soul that was inside Harry with Avada Kedavra.  Could the Horcruxes be destroyed with Avada Kedavra as well? What's the easiest way to download all albums from Google Photos? I have around 950 albums at Google Photos.      I want to back them up now, but organised by albums, not by date.   Whenever I create a backup from within Google Photos, the backup splits my photos by date and adds metadata here and there.  What I am doing now is to click on every album, and choose "Download all". But this will take me ages.  Is there a way through Google Drive or another app to have a easier job? I was playing around with some integrals and noticed that some integrals of the form:  $$I(a,b,c)=\int_a^\infty \frac{\arctan(x+b)}{x^2+c}dx$$ Does have a closed form. I am trying to find for what constant $c$ will this work. In case you wonder why only $c$ is problematic, I will try to show by an example.  $$I=I(1,3,16)=\int_1^\infty \frac{\arctan(x+3)}{x^2+16}dx$$ Let's start by letting $x-1=t\,$ thus: $$I=\int_0^\infty \frac{{\arctan(\color{blue}{t+4})}}{t^2+2t+17}dt$$ With $\displaystyle{t=\frac{17}{y}\rightarrow dt=-\frac{17}{y^2}dy}$ $$I=\int_0^\infty \frac{{\arctan\left(\color{red}{\frac{17}{y}+4}\right)}}{\left(\frac{17}{y}\right)^2 +\frac{34}{y}+17 }\frac{17}{y^2}dy\overset{y=t}=\int_0^\infty \frac{{\arctan\left(\color{red}{\frac{17}{t}+4}\right)}}{t^2+2t+17}dt$$ $$2I=\int_0^\infty \frac{{\arctan(\color{blue}{t+4})+{\arctan\left(\color{red}{\frac{17}{t}+4}\right)}}}{t^2+2t+17}dt$$ $${\arctan(\color{blue}{t+4})+{\arctan\left(\color{red}{\frac{17}{t}+4}\right)}}=\arctan\left(\frac{\color{blue}{t+4}+\color{red}{\frac{17}{t}+4}}{1-(\color{blue}{t+4})\left(\color{red}{\frac{17}{t}+4}\right)}\right)$$ $$=\arctan\left(\frac{x^2+8x+17}{x}\frac{x}{-4(x^2+8x+17}\right)=\pi-\arctan\left(\frac14\right)$$ Above follows since the original integral is positive so we take $\arctan(-x)$ as $\pi-\arctan x $ and therefore getting a negative answer will not be an issue. $$I=\frac12 \left(\pi -\arctan\left(\frac14\right)\right)\int_0^\infty \frac{1}{t^2+2t+17}dt$$ Well, now the inner integral is not hard to compute and the final answer happens to be: $$I=\frac12 \left(\pi -\arctan\left(\frac14\right)\right)\frac14\arctan\left(\frac{t+1}{4}\right)\bigg|_0^\infty =\frac{\pi^2}{16}-\frac{3\pi}{16}\arctan\left(\frac14\right)+\frac18\arctan^2\left(\frac14\right) $$ There are more examples that I found by checking and try such as:  $$I(1,2,9)=\int_1^\infty \frac{\arctan(x+2)}{x^2+9}dx$$ $$I(2,1,6)=\int_2^\infty \frac{\arctan(x+1)}{x^2+6}dx$$ $$I(2,2,13)=\int_2^\infty \frac{\arctan(x+2)}{x^2+13}dx$$ And so on... All those can be solved by the same method: First substitute $x-a=t$, then let $t=\frac{\alpha}{y}$, where $\alpha$ is the "free of x" coefficient from the denominator.   The problem is that I tried more than $100$ combinations to get those integrals which is not that nice. How can we "smartly" find $c$ so that $I(a,b,c)$ is evaluable by symmetry? Or put in other word what should be $c$ if one wants to compute by symmetry $I(7,13,c)$? Is it possible to get total render time via Python code when render’s done? How can I shutdown my Android phone using an adb command? How do I halt an android phone using adb command? I can reboot, but I don't know how to halt.  I tried shutdown -k wait command, but it did not work. I am running a critical research program on a Windows 7 PC that needs to run uninterrupted for several months. I have had to re-initialize the entire experiment several time due to unexpected restart. Windows Update is disabled, and I have removed automatic updating from all background programs that have an option for it, but I am still getting restarts at random intervals that completely destroy my experiment.   Is there some way to prevent any and all restart requests? Finding the variable name passed to a function How do shock waves form in space? Today my aerodynamics professor mentioned that the equations we were learning for atmospheric shock waves can also be applied by astrophysicists to study black hole-related shock waves in space.  How is this possible? Isn't space too rarefied for shock waves? What is an example application? He mentioned something about the density limit before/after a relativistic shock approaching 6. Add title uniqueness to the heuristics for detecting low-quality questions This feature request is a response to  Two days ago,  suggested that we . However, given that  (hat tip ) as well as ...  262  103   ... I suggest that we take it a step further. Let's extend the heuristics for detecting—and blocking—low-quality questions to enforce unique titles, or at least flag new questions with duplicate titles automatically. We can leave the precise heuristics of detecting a duplicate title up to the Stack Overflow development team. I have no delusions about the fact that a few questions will &quot;slip through the cracks.&quot; The goal here is to be proactive about minimizing the number of duplicates, and I think that the best place to start is the existing heuristics for detecting low-quality questions. After all, duplicate question titles are bad for a number of reasons: They often indicate a question that is itself a duplicate, but perhaps just as importantly, they decrease the signal-to-noise ratio when searching for questions. I honestly can't think of any reason that duplicate question titles are helpful, unless you are asking for a solution to the same problem in a different programming language. Even then, I think that it would be acceptable to rephrase the question to say &quot;How do I do X in (insert programming language here)?&quot;  makes a good point about the potential problems with this solution:  I have a hunch that if we do that, people will find ways to circumvent it (changing case or punctuation, adding random spam), and we'll end up stuck in a an arms race.  We may get stuck in an arms race with some users, but I honestly think that many people new to Stack Overflow just don't understand the etiquette of asking questions here. If we could even convince people to rephrase their question more clearly 20% of the time, I think that it would be a tremendous boon to the community. Furthermore, remember that heuristics for low-quality questions already exist, arms race or no. Permanently removing apache2 Is wildcard search possible in Gmail? To debug a JACK/Pulseaudio issue, I want to understand when and why the pulseaudio daemon is started by systemd (on Fedora).  Using:  $ ps -o'pid,ppid,args' `pgrep pulse`   I see that the pulseaudio daemon is being started by systemd (pid=1)   PID  PPID COMMAND 2738     1 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start   However, I was unable to find any unit-file on my system containing pulseaudio or even just pulse.  My specific questions are:  A) Is there a way to determine the systemd unit that caused the creation of a specific process (in my example output, process 2738, the PA daemon)?  B) Are there alternative approaches to find out which unit-dependency chain or other settings of systemd resulted in the invocation of /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start? The international Stack Overflow sites in Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, and Japanese seem to have a bug in their quick site descriptions (under their titles), for they all start with the word  For...  in English, instead of their respective languages As an example, the Spanish Stack Overflow site description is:  For programadores y profesionales de la informática  Obviously, this isn't something too big of a deal, but since they offer those sites in their respective languages, it would be nice if this issue were fixed. You can see this under &quot;More communities&quot; in the top bar.    You can also see this on the  page, where the descriptions begin with  Q&amp;A for... I've seen many science popularisation documentaries and read few books (obviously not being scientist myself). I am able to process and understand basic ideas behind most of these. However for general relativity there is this one illustration, which is being used over and over (image from Wikipedia):    I always thought that general relativity gives another way how you can describe gravity. However for this illustration to work, there needs to be another force, pulling the object down (referring to a direction in the attached image). If I put two non-moving objects in the image, what force will pull them together?  So where is my understanding incorrect? Or is general relativity not about explaining gravity and just describes how heavy objects bends spacetime (in that case the analogy is being used not correctly in my opinion)?    UPDATE Thank you for the answers and comments. Namely the XKCD comics is a spot on. I understand that the analogy with bent sheet of fabric pretty bad, but it seems that it can be fixed if you don't bent the fabric, but just distort the drawn grid.   Would you be so kind and answer the second part of the question as well - whether general relativity is explaining gravitational force. To me it seems that it is not (bending of spacetime simply can not affect two non-moving objects). However most of the time it is being presented that it does. Converting expressions to polynomial form Show that $\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \bar{x})(y_i - \bar{y}) = \sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \bar{x})(y_i)$. Show that $\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \bar{x})(y_i - \bar{y}) = \sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \bar{x})(y_i)$. I fell into this hole where I keep finding that $$\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \bar{x}) = \sum_{i=1}^n x_i - \sum_{i=1}^n \bar{x} = n\bar{x} - n\bar{x} = 0$$ This seems true, but I know that I am missing something, since this implies that covariance is always zero, which is obviously not true. What is a token? Please forgive such a basic question, but I did some Google searching and looked around on this site,  and while there are many threads and online resources that involve tokens, I can't seem to find a direct explanation of what a token is, specifically in the context of TeX, LaTeX, etc. Perhaps there is a good explanation of tokens in the TeXbook, but I don't have a copy of it.   gives me some idea:     A token is a string of characters, categorized according to the rules as a symbol (e.g., IDENTIFIER, NUMBER, COMMA).   but this is a bit too general for me to understand. Taking a guess based on the Wikipedia definition and , is it correct to say that a token is "a thing that has a catcode"? (which, even if true, does not seem entirely satisfactory as an answer: what characterizes the things that are given catcodes?)  Some illustrative examples, and non-examples, of tokens in the realm of TeX, LaTeX, etc. would be much appreciated. How can I get the page numbers only of a pattern in a pdf file, regardless if the pattern is multiline? Can someone explain a stock's "bid" vs. "ask" price relative to "current" price? In my online brokerage account, I want to buy a particular stock and I see the following:  Bid:  13.20 x200           Ask:  13.27 x1,000   the current stock price is 13.22.   Can someone explain what the bid and ask prices mean relative to the current price?  If I buy 1000 shares, why would I pay more? How to remove specific elements in a numpy array