I have this simple script: #!/usr/bin/bash  flimit=157286400 #150MB limit size fsize=$(stat -c%s $0)  if [ &quot;$fsize&quot; -gt &quot;$flimit&quot; ]; then    echo &quot;File size is greater than expected.&quot; else    echo &quot;File size is OK&quot; fi  echo &quot;The file size is $fsize&quot;  Basically, it receives a file as argument ($0) and check if it is greater than a specified limit of 150mb. When i run it with ./checksize.sh my_file.zip, i get this output: File size is OK. The size of this file is 220  my_file.zip has 153MB. I don't know where this 220 came from and if it was expected. Thanks
I have read that positional parameters start at $1 (for example: $1, $2, $3 and so on are positional parameters). But $0 is not a positional parameter.  But why $0 is not a positional parameter?  I think this could be a reason, but not sure:  Positional parameters only take their values when a script is executed. For example: if we do ./myScript Hello, then $1 will have the value Hello. But $0 can take its value on two occasions: when a script is executed (it would have the value of the script name), and when bash itself is executed without a script (it would have the value bash or -bash).
So basically I want to show:  $\aleph_{\alpha}^{\aleph_{1}} = \aleph_{\alpha}^{\aleph_{0}}\cdot2^{\aleph_1}$ , Where $\omega\leq\alpha&lt;\omega_1$  There is a proof that I found;    But I don't understand his proof for the limit case of $\alpha$.  To be more specific, I dont understand why $ \left( \sup_{\omega \le \beta &lt; \alpha} \aleph_{\beta}\right)^{\aleph_1} \le \left( \prod_{\omega \le \beta &lt; \alpha} \aleph_{\beta}\right)^{\aleph_1}$  Any insights or help is deeply appreciated.  Cheers In the past, Google Chrome allowed toggling of plugins (like enabling/disabling Flash) from the chrome://plugins URL. This page no longer exists (as of Chrome 57.0.2987.98).   What is the way to access Chrome plugins from this point onwards? Sources missing in /etc/apt/sources.list, how do I get them back? How do I convert an argument list to a sequence of arguments? Persist sort/filter selections I have to deal with a text classification problem. A web crawler crawls webpages of a certain domain and for each webpage I want to find out whether it belongs to only one specific class or not. That is, if I call this class Positive, each crawled webpage belongs either to class Positive or to class Non-Positive.  I already have a large training set of webpages for class Positive. But how to create a training set for class Non-Positive which is as representative as possible? I mean, I could basically use each and everything for that class. Can I just collect some arbitrary pages that definitely do not belong to class Positive? I'm sure the performance of a text classification algorithm (I prefer to make use of a Naive Bayes algorithm) highly depends on which webpages I choose for class Non-Positive.  So what shall I do? Can somebody please give me an advice? Thank you very much! Aside from the repetitive appearance of the black cat, I can't remember seeing any living animals, either inside the Matrix simulation or in Zion.  How come? Is there an in-universe explanation? Why are cryptography algorithms not exported to certain countries? There have been strict laws about the export of crypto software to certain countries. I can understand the intent, but never gauged the fact that there is nothing stopping these countries from developing their own crypto software. So why limit the export?   And in light of the recent NSA revelations, of backdoors being engineered into crypto algos, wouldn't the export of such compromised algorithms have helped to unravel secrets? How to Redirect Pages with Query String? I want to Redirect as seen below:  https://example.com/p1/p2?sort=p.model&amp;order=ASC&amp;page=2   to  https://example.com/p3/p4?sort=p.model&amp;order=ASC&amp;page=2   Also, I have this code in my .htaccess file :  RedirectMatch 410 ^/p1/p2&amp;   I have used below code, but I just see 410 code for that URL :  RewriteRule ^/p1/p2?sort=p.model&amp;order=ASC&amp;page=2$ /p3/p4?sort=p.model&amp;order=ASC&amp;page=2 [QSD, R=301,L]   So, I have changed RedirectMatch 410 ^/p1/p2&amp; to Redirect 410 ^/p1/p2&amp; , but this time I have seen 404 Code for my Request URI. What should I do? Is there a way to display the number of messages for any label in the Gmail label list? The Gmail sidebar displays the list of our labels (or some of them, according to settings). Next to every label name there is a number showing how many unread messages we have for that label.  Is there a way to display also the total number of messages for each label?  Example:  [to answer] (0/36) [to do] (0/55) [waiting answer] (0/7) cooking (2/48) family (6/352) friends (1/1828) website (2/412) work (12/12801) Ball $X^*$ is weak-star metrizable iff X is separable in Conway's book. This is a Theorem in Conway's book     I don't understand in the third paragraph why there are open sets $\{U_n:n\geq1\}$ in $(ball X^*,wk^*)$ such that $0\in U_n$ and $\bigcap^{\infty}_{n=1}U_n=\{0\}$. By the definition of the relative weak-star topology on ball $X^*$, for each $n$, there exists a finite set $F_n$ contained in $X$ such that $$\{x^*\in\text{ball }X^*:|\langle x,x^*\rangle|&lt;1 \text{ for all }x\in F_n\}\subseteq U_n.$$  Can someone explain this for me？ Thank you so much!! Is there BitTorrent software that runs in a terminal? I want to deploy it on my VPS server to download resources quickly.  This could save me a lot of time since some resources are in a foreign country, Functions Which are non differentiable on a Given Set. I have recently read the famous Weierstrass Non differentiable function which is continuous everywhere but nowhere differentiable.     But now my question is:    Given a countable set $S (\subset \mathbb{R})$ , can we construct a function which is continuous everywhere but non differentiable only at points of S..?    My Attempt: If $S$ finite say, $S=\{c_1,c_2,...,c_n\}$ Then the following function is the desired one:$$f(x)=\sum_{i=1}^{n}|x-c_i|$$   But I cannot construct the function for a arbitrary Enumerable set $S.$     Can we generalize the question for an arbitrary set $S$? Please Help.  Thank you...!! Intensity of light If we have 2 beams of light with equal intensities, but with different frequencies, wouldn't the one with the higher frequency generate more power?  If so, how come the intensity, which is in $W/m^2$, of the higher frequency beam is not higher? I read a story once about a man who escapes from his pursuers by doing an uncontrolled jump into hyperspace. If I'm not mixing my stories up he was blind but could see through the eyes of other sighted people/animals nearby. He was able to see through his pet but it dies and he thinks he's finished - he's blind and lost in hyperspace but there's a rat on board which he eventually catches by turning off gravity and then he can see through the rat's eyes. He works out how hyperspace operates and can hop back to where he came from.   Can anyone remember the name of the story and the author? I enjoyed it when I was a kid and would like to read it again. Design problem - Implement an approval process on case, which sends email to approver showing some additional info, which should not be visible to case owner/agent (who clicked on "Submit for approval" button).  Possible solution - All that additional info will not be stored on Case (otherwise agent will also be able to see it). I am creating a child object to case, where all that additional info be stored. We can make sure agent does not have access to that child object (lets call it ChildObj).   In the email template used, we can include info about that child object. From what i understand, standard email templates dont allow cross object reference. We probably need to use visualforce email templates.  Questions -  1) Can anyone see/point out any issues with that design? 2) I am very new to salesforce. Can anyone give me any example of how i will access child record's field? I mean there won't be any lookup or anything to child object, right? How do i access a field on the child object? Any clue would be helpful Boundary conditions for calculus of variations in phase space and under canonical transformations This might be a stupid question, but I just don't get it. In Hamiltonian mechanics when examining conditions for a $(\boldsymbol{q},\boldsymbol{p})\rightarrow(\boldsymbol{Q},\boldsymbol{P})$ transformation to be canonical one starts with $$ \dot{q}_ip^i-H(\boldsymbol{q},\boldsymbol{p},t)= \dot{Q}_iP^i-\bar{H}(\boldsymbol{Q},\boldsymbol{P},t)+\frac{d}{dt}W(\boldsymbol{q},\boldsymbol{Q},t)$$ where $\bar{H}$ is the transformed Hamiltonian, and $W$ is the generating function (now a function of $\boldsymbol{q}$ and $\boldsymbol{Q}$). This term shouldn't break Hamilton's principle, since $$ \delta\int_{t_1}^{t_2} dt\frac{d}{dt}W(\boldsymbol{q},\boldsymbol{Q},t)=\delta W(\boldsymbol{q},\boldsymbol{Q},t)|_{t_2}-\delta W(\boldsymbol{q},\boldsymbol{Q},t)|_{t_1}=0-0=0 .$$ But I don't see why the variation of $W$ should disappear at the endpoints (say at $t_1$). Expanding leads to: $$ \delta W(\boldsymbol{q},\boldsymbol{Q},t)|_{t_1}=\left(\frac{\partial W}{\partial q_i}\right)_{t_1}\underbrace{\delta q_i(t_1)}_{=0}+ \left(\frac{\partial W}{\partial Q_i}\right)_{t_1}\delta Q_i(t_1)=\left(\frac{\partial W}{\partial Q_i}\right)_{t_1}\delta Q_i(t_1).$$ $\boldsymbol{Q}$ is itself a function of $\boldsymbol{q}$ and $\boldsymbol{p}$, so $$ \delta Q_i(t_1)=\left(\frac{\partial Q_i}{\partial q_k}\right)_{t_1}\underbrace{\delta q_k(t_1)}_{=0}+\left(\frac{\partial Q_i}{\partial p_k}\right)_{t_1}\delta p_k(t_1)=\left(\frac{\partial Q_i}{\partial p_k}\right)_{t_1}\delta p_k(t_1). $$ It seems as if we also needed the variation of $\boldsymbol{p}$ to vanish at the endpoints, and I don't get this because (at least in cartesian coordinates) $\boldsymbol{p}=m\dot{\boldsymbol{q}}$ and the velocity can be different along the original and the varied orbitals even at the endpoints (they can point in totally different directions), so in general $\delta \dot{\boldsymbol{q}}(t_1)\neq 0$. What am I doing wrong? Can someone help me with this, please? Suppress Chrome 'Failed to load resource' messages in console I often see tutorials online that connect various commands with different symbols. For example:  command1 |  command2 command1 &amp;  command2 command1 || command2     command1 &amp;&amp; command2   Others seem to be connecting commands to files:  command1  &gt; file1 command1  &gt;&gt; file1   What are these things? What are they called? What do they do? Are there more of them?    . Prove the inequality and limitation Suppose $\{a_k\}$ ,$\{b_k\}$ and $\{\xi_k\}$ are non negative, and for all $k\ge 0$ , we have $$a_{k+1}^2\le(a_k+b_k)^2-\xi_k^2$$   Prove   1.$$\sum_{i=1}^{k}\xi_i^2\le(a_1+\sum_{i=0}^kb_i)^2$$   2. If $\{b_k\}$ also satisfy $\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}b_k^2\lt+\infty $, then $$\lim_{k\to\infty}\frac{1}{k}\sum_{i=1}^k\xi_i^2=0$$   After doing this transformation:$$\xi_k^2\le(a_k+b_k)^2-a_{k+1}^2$$ $\Rightarrow$ $$\sum_{i=1}^{k}\xi_k^2\le(a_1+b_1-a_2)(a_1+b_1+a_2)+(a_2+b_2-a_3)(a_2+b_2+a_3)+\cdots(a_k+b_k-a_{k+1})(a_k+b_k+a_{k+1})$$ then I can't move forward any more.