I am trying to create a little timer program that will have the user's computer beep when the timer is finished.   Being on a Mac, the winsound library is not available, and I cannot get \a to generate any noise at all.  How would I go about generating a little ding or beep or some other sound when the timer is finished?
I'd like to have a python program alert me when it has completed its task by making a beep noise.  Currently,  I use import os and then use a command line speech program to say &quot;Process complete&quot;.  I much rather it be a simple &quot;bell.&quot; I know that there's a function that can be used in Cocoa apps, NSBeep, but I don't think that has much anything to do with this. I've also tried print(\a)  but that didn't work. I'm using a Mac, if you couldn't tell by my Cocoa comment, so that may help.
Bash built-ins with no manual entries In the 3rd and 4th editions of D&amp;D, there were explicit rules for determining if a character knew anything about a monster before them.  In 3rd edition, for example, use of the  skill with a general DC of 10 + the monster's HD allowed for determining one fact, plus one fact per 5 points over the check.  Looking at the Intelligence section of the 5e PHB, I don't see any similar notation.  Does 5e provide any guidance as to when a player could use their out-of-game knowledge about a monster, or when the player might be told things their character would probably know in-game? I can write  VAR=$VAR1 VAR=${VAR1} VAR="$VAR1" VAR="${VAR1}"   the end result to me all seems about the same. Why should I write one or the other? are any of these not portable/POSIX? 'as compared to' vs 'as compare to' I am trying to master the homemade Neapolitan pizza, from dough preparation to cooking it.  After following the recommendations at Seriouseats.com for the dough preparation, I came across some doubts regarding the oven use.  I understand that ideally I would make it in a 900F wood oven, but at home we don't have such equipment!  What is the best practice to make the Neapolitan Pizza in a regular gas oven that heats up to 530F? (i.e. temperature, time, tray positioning...) Are there changes in the way the dough has to be prepared? Safely turning a JSON string into an object Given a string of JSON data, how can I safely turn that string into a JavaScript object?  Obviously I can do this unsafely with something like:  var obj = eval("(" + json + ')');   but that leaves me vulnerable to the JSON string containing other code, which it seems very dangerous to simply eval. If $x^{2}-x\in Z(R)$ for all $x\in R$, then $R$ is commutative. If $x^{2}-x\in Z(R)$ for all $x\in R$, then $R$ is commutative.  I need to proof this theorem and I have something like this below. However, I do not know how to continue this proof.   $(x+y)^{2}-(x+y)=x^{2}+xy+yx+y^{2}-x-y=(x^{2}-x)+(y^{2}-y)+xy+yx\in Z(R)$  so $xy+yx\in Z(R)$ Should I use "or" or "nor" in the following case? I wasn't forcing myself to say anything, or/nor trying to be funny.   "Or" sounds more grammatically correct to me. But "nor" has more Google results. So I'm confused. Why was C-3PO's memory wiped, but not R2-D2's? In Revenge of the Sith after Luke and Leia are born, they are sent to separate parts of the galaxy. The droids are given to Captain Antilles, with the instructions to clean them up, and have C-3PO's memory wiped. Why just C-3PO's and not also R2-D2's?   Initially I thought it was due to R2-D2's inability to communicate verbally, but he not only can communicate via text message (as seen in The Empire Strikes Back I believe), but we see other characters understanding his blips and bleeps as well. What price should I charge for design services? I was hoping I would find some people in the industry that could help me decide what's the best price to charge to design (in this case) business cards.  What are standard prices for professional designers?  From a firm point of view? From a freelancer?  I don't want to overcharge clients but I don't want to ruin the industry by underselling my services. Number theory lemma - $x^2 \equiv 1 \pmod p$ implies $x\equiv\pm 1\pmod p$ Solving multiple congruences by CRT = Chinese Remainder Theorem How do I troubleshoot the "Error, press shutter release button again" message on my Nikon? The LCD on my Nikon D3000 is displaying the following error message:     Error. Press shutter release button again.   I have pressed the shutter release button but the camera still does not work. Capture characters from standard input without waiting for enter to be pressed Can I hire my kid and start a Roth IRA for him? I own an LLC, of which I am currently the sole member. It's my main source of income.  I am wondering if there is a reason why I could not do the following:   Hire my child as a part-time employee of the LLC, for an annual salary of $5500. Start a Roth IRA for the kid and put the $5500 into it. Deduct the $5500 as a payroll expense for my LLC, thereby reducing my amount of taxable income.   To me, this seems attractive because I'd lower my LLC's tax liability. Meanwhile, my kid would not have to pay any taxes on the $5500 because it is lower than the standard deduction. And by putting the money in a Roth IRA, he'd get an investment that would grow tax-free. It would essentially be like getting the pre-tax benefits of a traditional IRA with the post-tax benefits of a Roth.  The way I see it, I'd win, my kid would win and the IRS would lose, for once.  Is there any reason this wouldn't work? There is no minimum age or income for contributing to a Roth IRA. So as long as I could legally hire my kid, I don't see any obstacles. When searching on a site with  enabled (), I saw some  rendering issues: (and currently it's also in the )        Even though the LaTeX rendering is fine when opening the :        The LaTeX code is:  $f(n) = \begin{cases} 0,  &amp; \text{$ \omega&lt;0, \omega=1, \omega&gt;3 $} \\[2ex] -\omega + 1,  &amp; \text{$ 0\le\omega&lt;1 $} \\[2ex] \omega^2 - 1,  &amp; \text{$ 1&lt; \omega \le 2 $} \\[2ex] 3 \omega,  &amp; \text{$2 &lt; \omega \le 3 $} \end{cases}$ iPhone Apps section not showing up in iTunes When can we interchange “who/which" and "that”? So far I thought the words who and that are usually interchangeable:   There is the man who saw me.  There is the man that saw me.    Both sentences seem fine, who can be replaced with that. But in the following examples:   This is the man to whom I spoke.  This is the man to that I spoke.    The #2 sounds odd, which is why I don’t think it might be correct. The same observation for the words which and that, while   This is the ball which we used today.  This is the ball that we used today.    Seem to be in order and which can be replaced with that. But in the following examples the #2 sounds odd again.   This is the ball with which I scored.  This is the ball with that I scored.    I wonder if there’s any rule regarding the interchangeability of the above mentioned words. Etiquette on sending a thank you e-mail to respondents who gave me helpful information I know that contents of double quotes are expanded, whereas the contents of single quotes are not, such that  echo '$1'   gives  $1   where as   echo "$1"   gives  &lt;the argument - blank in this particular example&gt;   the same as   echo $1   However, the question  led me to wonder why double quotes and not single quotes were used when declaring the alias, thus:  alias cutf="_cutf"   instead of   alias cutf='_cutf'   I would have employed single quotes as in the latter example. Most examples on the web use single too, unless there is some expansion required. However, in this case, no expansion, to my eyes, is apparent. Is it that, in this case, they are interchangeable, or are the double quotes necessary because a function definition is employed?