Ubuntu 16.04 install no desktop icons, blank desktop (just wallpaper), tried to reinstall compiz
Problems after upgrading to 14.04 (only background and pointer after login)
ext4 partition size / free space discrepancies While creating a 250GiB backup partition for my data, I have noticed lots of discrepancies between reported partition size and free space in Nautilus, gParted, df, tune2fs, etc.  At first I thought it was a GiB / GB confusion. It was not.  Then I thought it could be ext4's reserved blocks. It was not.  Im completely puzzled. Here are some images. Here are the steps:   First, NTFS. 524288000 sectors x 512 bytes/sector = 268435456000 bytes = 268.4 GB = 250 GiB.      Nautilus say "Total Capacity: 250.0 GB" (even though its actually GiB, not GB). Apart from that minor mislabeling, so far, so good   Now, same partition, formated as ext4 with gparted:     First, Last and Total sectors are the same. It IS the same 250GiB partition. Used size is 4.11GiB (reserved blocks maybe?)    Nope. Looks like reserved blocks are 12.7 GiB (~5%. ouch!). But... why Total Capacity is now only 246.1 GiB ???. That difference (sort of) matches the 4.11 GiB reported by gparted. But... if its not from reserved blocks, what is it? And why gparted didnt report that 12.7GiB of used space?  $ df -h /dev/sda5 Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5             247G  188M  234G   1% /media/BACKUP   df matches Nautilus in reported free space. But.. only 188M used? Shouldnt it be ~12GB? And total capacity is still wrong. So i ran tune2fs to find some clues. (irrelevant output is ommited)  $ sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem volume name:   BACKUP Filesystem UUID:          613d592e-47f5-4206-96a7-210090d340ef Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash  Filesystem state:         clean Filesystem OS type:       Linux Block count:              65536000 Reserved block count:     3276800 Free blocks:              64459851 First block:              0 Block size:               4096   65536000 total blocks * 4096 bytes/block = 268435456000 bytes = 268.4 GB = 250 GiB. It matches gparted.  3276800 reserved blocks = 13421772800 bytes = 13.4 GB = 12.5 GiB. It (again, sort of) matches Nautilus.  64459851 free blocks = 264027549696 bytes = 264.0 GB = 245.9 GiB. Why? Shouldnt it be either 250-12.5 = 237.5 (or 250-(12.5+4.11)=~233) ?  Removing reserved blocks:  $ sudo tune2fs -m 0 /dev/sda5 tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Setting reserved blocks percentage to 0% (0 blocks)  $ sudo tune2fs -l /dev/sda5 tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem volume name:   BACKUP Filesystem UUID:          613d592e-47f5-4206-96a7-210090d340ef Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize Filesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash  Filesystem state:         clean Filesystem OS type:       Linux Block count:              65536000 Reserved block count:     0 Free blocks:              64459851 Block size:               4096   As expected, same block count, 0 reserved blocks, but... same free blocks? Didnt I just freed 12.5 GiB ?  $ df -h /dev/sda5 Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda5             247G  188M  246G   1% /media/BACKUP     Looks like I did. Avaliable space went up from 233 to 245.9 GiB. gparted didnt care at all, showing exactly same info! (useless to post an identical screenshot)  What a huge mess!  I tried to document it as best as I could... So, please can someone give me any clue on what's going on here?   What are those misterious 4.11 GiB missing from NTFS -> ext4 formatting? Why there are so many discrepancies between gparted, Nautilus, tune2fs, df? What is wrong with my math? (questions in bold scattered this post)   Any help is appreciated. While I can not figure what is going on, I am serilously considering giving up on ext4 in favor of NTFS for everything but my / partition.  Thanks! I want to export my objects to unity, but in blender I`m using Eevee engine. However the light in rendered more and material preview mode is completely different, which impacts the colors of objects. Which one can i trust to see the true final colors of the objects so that they will be the same when i export them to unity? Make account merges propagate to chat When two accounts are merged, all the posts/votes are moved over to the "master" account, and the other account ("slave"?) is deleted. The merge is propagated network-wide, so a similar thing happens on each site.  But, this does not happen to the chat user. The "slave" chat user is kept, with a 404 parent profile link. I feel that the chat user should be merged as well, re attributing all the chat messages.  Thoughts? On a quantum scale the smallest unit is the , which is a discrete measure.  There several question that come to mind:   Does that mean that particles can only live in a discrete grid-like structure,  i.e. have to "magically" jump from one pocket to the next? But where are they in between? Does that even give rise to the old paradox that movement as such is impossible (e.g. )? Does the same hold true  for time (i.e. that it is discrete) - with all the ensuing paradoxes? Mathematically does it mean that you have to use difference equations instead of differential equations? (And sums instead of integrals?) From the point of view of the space metric do you have to use a discrete metric (e.g. the ) instead of good old Pythagoras?   Thank you for giving me some answers and/or references where I can turn to.  Update: I just saw this call for papers - it seems to be quite a topic after all: Is Reality Digital or Analog? FQXi Essay Contest, 2011. , , . One can find some pretty amazing papers over there. How can I take a photo using a slow shutter speed without it being overexposed? When I try to take a picture using a slow shutter speed in daylight it is overexposed. How can I change the settings so it isn't overexposed? Where has the trailing newline char gone from my command substitution? The following code best describes the situation.  Why is the last line not outputting the trailing newline char?  Each line's output is shown in the comment.  I'm using GNU bash, version 4.1.5          echo -n $'a\nb\n'                  | xxd -p  # 610a620a              x=$'a\nb\n'   ; echo -n "$x" | xxd -p  # 610a620a      echo -ne "a\nb\n"                  | xxd -p  # 610a620a x="$(echo -ne "a\nb\n")" ; echo -n "$x" | xxd -p  # 610a62 How is offside determined in football? The offside rule on the pitch is often unclear and called suddenly. How do I know if a player is offside? Area of the Limiting Polygon Start with an equilateral triangle with unit area. Trisect each of the sides and then cut-off the corners. In this case, we get a regular hexagon - see the picture below. Next, trisect each of the sides of the hexagon and cut-off the corners. This will give a dodecagon, but not a regular one.   Continue this process ad infinitum.  What is the area of the limiting "polygon"?  My first thought was that it would be the circle tangent to the midpoint of each side. However, by making some pictures, it becomes clear quite quickly that the limiting polygon is not a circle and, in fact, might perhaps be an ellipse. The problem with that is that while there is a unique circle passing through any three points in general position, I need five generic points to specify a conic.   Can anyone suggest any hints as to how to find the area? By "hint" I don't mean "what you think might work", I mean "what you have tried and you know will work". Thanks in advance. How can I find hard links on Windows? I've created some hard links on my Windows 7 file system using mklink. It was some time ago and I can't remember for sure where, or which files. When I use Explorer, all files look the same. When I use the command line and type "dir", they all look the same.  How do I find hard links? Or how do I determine whether a specific file IS a hard link? Why is the colour picker displaying tinted colors? The colour picker is behaving not as I expect it to. I cannot move the selector towards most of the edges, setting the RGB to 1.00 for red and the rest to 0 just gets an orange colour. Also I cannot simply keep the "value" the same and select a different shade, the "value" resets.  I'm not sure if i've pressed something in error or there is a setting in the user preferences/elsewhere that needs changing. I'm using the cycles renderer. The issue occurs with any colour picking :- material, background etc. Quitting Blender and restarting does not resolve the issue. Version 2.79.6 How to detect character sets encoding for all of language? Problem applying L'Hopitals rule. iPhone makes shutter sound when taking photos despite being on mute Declaring variables inside or outside of a loop Please add TeX rendering on the Android app MathJax isn't currently working on the Android app, which makes it totally useless for the 'technical' sites like  or .  For example, in the Android app:    Same post in a (mobile) browser:     Please add this functionality! I understand that the first point release of Ubuntu 18.04, namely 18.04.1 is now available and that my system should now offer it as an update.  My current OS version is 16.04.5 LTS. In System Settings/Software and Updates I have set 'Notify me of a new Ubuntu version' to 'For long term support versions'. I have tried both the main server and the server for United Kingdom, neither offers an update when Software Updater is clicked or via the Ubuntu Software icon.  Can anyone please tell me why I don't get the option of updating to 18.04?  Edit:  I don't remember the details exactly, but I think that my last LTS point release update was offered automatically a lot sooner after the published release date than where we are now with 18.04.1.  Edit 10th August  It appears that there has been some problem with the update process and that it should be fixed next week, see:    Edit 14th August 18.04.1 LTS now available from UK server, Can I choose which records are copied in a Partial Copy sandbox? We have a partial copy sandbox that we're using for development and testing.  This is really helpful as some of our applications internally store Salesforce id's.  However, there is a limitation with the partial copy as it only brings in 10,000 records per object from the production environment.  Unfortunately some of the id's we internally store are not being brought down into our partial copy which causes errors.  The 10,000 records that it did copy over aren't needed; I realistically only need 1 or 2.  Is there any way I can achieve copying over a specific record from the production environment? Am I allowed to make a Stack Overflow clone? SO is not Open-Source, but I like the whole idea of Stack Overflow :   Giving bounties for Questions Up/Downvoting Questions The Badges The intelligent use of Ajax-Technologies Highly Rated users have administrative powers Reputation system Editing posts like a wiki   So I would like to program a (what is it called) Q&amp;A site / board / wiki system. Am I allowed to? Let f : A → B and g : B → C be bijections. Prove that g◦f : A → C is a bijection  Can someone show me the steps I should take to solve this problem? How do I read a file into a std::string, i.e., read the whole file at once?  Text or binary mode should be specified by the caller. The solution should be standard-compliant, portable and efficient. It should not needlessly copy the string's data, and it should avoid reallocations of memory while reading the string.  One way to do this would be to stat the filesize, resize the std::string and fread() into the std::string's const_cast&lt;char*&gt;()'ed data(). This requires the std::string's data to be contiguous which is not required by the standard, but it appears to be the case for all known implementations. What is worse, if the file is read in text mode, the std::string's size may not equal the file's size.  A fully correct, standard-compliant and portable solutions could be constructed using std::ifstream's rdbuf() into a std::ostringstream and from there into a std::string. However, this could copy the string data and/or needlessly reallocate memory.    Are all relevant standard library implementations smart enough to avoid all unnecessary overhead?  Is there another way to do it?  Did I miss some hidden Boost function that already provides the desired functionality?     void slurp(std::string&amp; data, bool is_binary)