So, I had a windows laptop that I installed Linux onto. Fedora onto the storage drive, and Kubuntu on a separate NVMe drive. A lot of my data was on the Fedora drive, then I put the old Windows drive back into the laptop, and it apparently thought the Fedora drive was supposed to be an NTFS storage drive because now the drive is called DATA, all that's on it is: $RECYCLE.BIN     S-1-5-18         desktop.ini     S-1-5-21-4039987853-288116331-4186372247-1001         desktop.ini Recovery     Logs System Volume Information     AadRecoveryPasswordDelete     ClientRecoveryPasswordRotation     EDP         Recovery     IndexerVolumeGuid     tracking.log     WPSettings.dat  What's not there is my personal files or Fedora system files. If you could help me get my personal files back, that would be great.
Are there any tools, methods, incantations to recover recently deleted files on Ubuntu?  If it makes any difference, I want to recover a  2.x database file. But would be better to have a method/tool that works on any kind of file.
Using round function in QGIS expression? How hard do early-career academics in the United States work, really? I'm finishing a PhD in Sweden this year and seeking a post-doc in the United States (atmospheric remote sensing).  It is clear that a job in academia is not a nine to five job; nor do I want it to be.  I often work late in the evening when I'm on a productive spur.  When an important dead-line is coming up, one needs to work harder, and there is no overtime paid.  I accept that.  However, no matter how much I'm interested in my research, I do enjoy and need a reasonable amount of spare time, too; relaxing on the weekends, occasionally a long weekend away, and sometimes a longer trip, such as three weeks in the wilderness.  Regarding the normal work ethos for early-career academics in the United States, I have a hard time judging what is normal and what is excessive.  Some examples:    warning post-docs that he expects all of the members of the group to work evenings and weekends. My apparent naïveté in believing that , despite Wikipedia  as a rest from work, or a hiatus, often lasting from two months to a year.  I was thinking of my friend, who spent a year between his PhD and his first post-doc travelling from France to Mongolia mostly on foot. Someone  I am not a good role model, but when I don't work on a Sunday, I count that as a vacation day.  having no employment-related benefits such as paid vacations, sick leave, or unemployment compensation. Question    We don't have such a work-ethos where I'm at.  I belief that working too hard risks stress and burn-out, and does not increase productivity in the long run, nor human well-being.  I want to do science.  Doing science makes me happy, but having time to relax while not doing science is important for me.  Does the selection of examples I gave above represent a normal situation in U.S. early-career academia?  Should I expect an attitude where asking for a 3-week holiday during the summer is considered as being not serious, or is the situation in practice usually not as bad as the examples above make it sound?  How hard to early-career academics in the United States work, really? Strange bug with "MessageName[a,b] is not of the form symbol::name ", Debugger & cursor location Centering \vdots in a system of many equations I have a system of equations with an arbitrary number of equations (k). I'd like to use \vdots to compactly describe the system, like so:  \begin{align*}   R(-1) &amp;= \sum_{i=1}^m A(i)R(i-1) \\   R(-2) &amp;= \sum_{i=1}^m A(i)R(i-2) \\         &amp;\vdots                    \\   R(-k) &amp;= \sum_{i=1}^m A(i)R(i-k) \end{align*}     I'd like the dots, however, to be centered with = or the entire equation. Is there an elegant way of centering a column or row with AMSMath? I'm currently using an unholy combination of whitespace operators (\; \, etc.) to get the job done. This is a  about securing public DNS resolvers   Open DNS servers seem pretty neat and convenient, as they provide IP addresses that we can use consistently across our company regardless of where they are located. Google and OpenDNS provide this functionality, but I'm not sure that I want these companies to have access to our DNS queries.  I want to set up something like this for use by our company, but I hear a lot about this being dangerous practice (particularly in regards to ) and I want to make sure that we do this right. What things do I need to keep in mind when building this type of environment? Show how if Alice uses the same value of $k$ to sign two different messages $m_1$ and $m_2$, using the ElGamal signature scheme, Eve can recover the value of $a$ from the corresponding signatures $(m_1, r_1, s_1)$ and $(m_2, r_2, s_2)$. (Note: you are allowed to assume that if $\gcd(a, n) = d$ then there are $d$ solutions to the congruence $ax \equiv b \pmod n$.)     ElGamal Signature Scheme:      Key Gen:      Compute $y = g^x \;\bmod p$.      The public key is $(p, g, y)$. The secret key is $(p, g, x)$      Signature Gen:      Choose a random $k$ such that $0 &lt; k &lt; p − 1$ and $\gcd(k, p − 1) = 1$      Compute $r = g^k \;\bmod p$ and $s = k^{-1}(m – xr) \;\bmod{p-1}$   Thoughts: So far, I can tell that $r_1$ and $r_2$ are equal and $s_1$ and $s_2$ are closely related since the only variation is $m$.  We can relate the two equations for $s$, by solving them for $-xr$:  $$s_1k - m_1 \equiv s_2k - m_2 \pmod p$$  $$(s_1 - s_2)k \equiv m_1 - m_2 \pmod p$$  Let $a = s_1 - s_2$, then we know from the question that for $\gcd(a, n) = d$ there are $d$ solutions for $k$.  Now the forger can compute $g^k$ for each solution to k, until $r$ is found.  Then compute $xr \equiv m_1 - ks_1 \pmod{p-1}$  There are $d&#39; = \gcd(r, p-1)$ solutions for $x$.  The forger can compute $g^x$ for all the $x$s found until she finds $y$.  Once she has $y$ she knows the proper $x$ which can be used to find $m_1$ and $m_2$.  How does this look? Correct use of "is" or "are" Possible Duplicate:          Would I use is or are in the following sentence?      The Pohutakawa Coast, Hauraki Gulf, and Waiheke Island is/are the backdrop for our day.   If I rewrote it so the subject (backdrop) starts the sentence, then it seems to me that as it is singular, the verb should be the singular is. But as it is written above, are seems less clumsy. I have the loop tools addon enabled and when I click the circle button with these verts selected, it just disappears. Why is that?  You can see the selected options in the bottom screenshot. It is worth noting that all the verts are flat on the x plane. Locking in X or not does not change the effect.   When I use the to sphere operator it squishes the verts on Z and stretches super wide on Y, not making a cirlce.    EDIT:  here is the blend SE Android app for tablet has bad formatting on feed The lines wrap so much on v1.0.85 that only a few items can be displayed.  Edit: This is on the world's most low end tablet, Azpen A727.  Screenshots of the old:    and new, showing loss of quality Automate the downloading of Data Export zip files After a Data Export has completed there can be a large number of zip files to download.  If there are 80+ files at 130 MB (In Summer 12 the limit has been increased to 512 MB) each and each file takes several minutes to download it can be a time consuming process to do manually.  Is there a way to automate the retrieval of these zip files? How gently could a comet/asteroid/meteorite “hit” Earth? How to make the taskbar blink my application like Messenger does when a new message arrive? Is there an API call in .NET or a native DLL that I can use to create similar behaviour as Windows Live Messenger when a response comes from someone I chat with? I am a medical doctor in Pakistan. I have been on a career break to allow myself to study full time for the IELTS exam (from which I recently got the required band score) and PLAB 1. I have now registered and paid for the PLAB 1 exam in UK for June 2016, as the next sitting in Pakistan is in November 2016 and I feel like I am ready to do the exam sooner.  Due to having no current employment, my savings are limited (around 25,000 Pakistani Rupees) but I live with my parents and do not have any financial commitments at home.  My savings have depleted in the past ten months whilst I have taken a career break and the money has been used for my own personal expenses. My trip to the UK is being funded by my grandfather who is a British citizen. He is a retired doctor with a good NHS pension. He has provided me with:   6 months bank statements which clearly show his pension deposits   Letter from NHS Pensions stating his pension   Sponsorship letter stating that he will pay for my PLAB exam fee, travel, accommodation and subsistinence costs whilst in the UK   Copy of British passport  Document confirming that he owns the house he lives in mortgage-free Confirmation email from GMC stating he has paid the PLAB exam fee.   Without large personal savings and no current job (but I have job offers now) would my application be rejected or is the strong sponsorship going to be good enough?  Are there any other documents I should consider submitting that may help me get a visa? Call blocking for iPhone? How do I block unwanted callers without jailbreaking? Signature/date line with fixed width I'm trying to create a signature and date line in a document.  I need the date line to always be in the same spot on the page no matter what name is under the signature line, such as:  ----------------------   ---------------------- Representative           Date  ----------------------   ---------------------- Program Manager          Date   Here is the code I currently have:  \makebox[2.5in]{\hrulefill} \hspace {1.0in}\makebox[2.5in]{\hrulefill} \\ User Representative \makebox[2.5in][r]{Date} \\  \vspace{.2in} \makebox[2.5in]{\hrulefill} \hspace {1.0in}\makebox[2.5in]{\hrulefill} \\ Program Manager \makebox[2.5in][r]{Date} \   I want to be able to change the names, such as change Program Manager to Joe Foo and have the word 'Date' stay in the exact place.  Any help would be greatly appreciated.  I'm still a newbie at TeX so please forgive my ignorance. My friend, John, and I went shopping.    My friend John and I went shopping.       I believe we need to wrap our friend's name in commas (first sentence example), but wouldn't that make it three people? Place questions with X net downvotes on hold automatically To resolve the frequent issue of poor question unfairly gaining answers, and thus paving the way for more poor questions to be asked  I Propose  EDIT: From feedback, have changed net vote threshold to 5 (to at least match that of the current 5 users at 3k rep) END EDIT     If a question has 5 net downvotes, the question is put   on hold automatically, and no answers are allowed until the question   is resolved/has been edited and net votes are > -5.   The net vote threshold could be perhaps different, to avoid grey area questions being on hold unfairly, but this also needs to be high enough to allow for early action.  On hold note, something such as:     This question has been put on hold via community voting on the   question, and cannot receive answers. To resolve this, edit and   improve the question.   This proposal would assist in stopping poor questions from receiving answers, as currently questioners not wanting to put in any effort know they will likely get an answer eventually.  This could also help improve site quality by making people improve their questions before they can have answers, so answers are only given to decent questions. In R, what does qqnorm actually do? qqnorm(x) plot(qnorm(seq(80)/81),sort(x))   Finding that the plots produced by the commands above are slightly different from each other, I tried this:  qqnorm(qnorm(seq(80)/81))   I got a slightly less than perfect line.  I'd have tried regressing the result of qnorm(seq(80)/81) on the variable that was plotted on the $x$-axis and plotting residuals against the predictor, expecting to see some graceful curve, but for the fact that I don't know what to use as the predictor.  Possibly such a residual plot would reveal more than just the graceful S-shaped thing I'd anticipate.  So my question is this: if the thing on the $x$-axis in the plot produced by qqnorm is not what I get from qnorm(seq(80)/81) (and what I did shows that indeed it is not), then what is it? What is so special about $\alpha=-1$ in the integral of $x^\alpha$? Of course, it is easy to see, that the integral (or the antiderivative) of $f(x) = 1/x$ is $\log(|x|)$ and of course for $\alpha\neq - 1$ the antiderivative of $f(x) = x^\alpha$ is $x^{\alpha+1}/(\alpha+1)$.  I was wondering if there is an intuitive (probably geometric) explanation why the case $\alpha=-1$ is so different and why the logarithm appears?  Some answers which I thought of but which are not convincing:   Taking the limit $\alpha=-1$ either from above or below lead to diverging functions. Some speciality of the case $\alpha=-1$ are that both asymptotes are non-integrable. However, the antidrivative is a local thing, and hence, shouldn't care about the behavior at infinity. How to add repository from shell in Debian?