I just downloaded and installed the latest security patch for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS using Update Manager as instructed.    I was under the impression that the new kernel version after upgrade would be 4.13, however when running this command uname -r in my terminal, it is still showing 4.10.0-42-generic  Is this correct? Is there a way to confirm that the patch has been successful?
Any questions relating to status updates, or asking if anything is going to be patched for these vulnerabilities should be closed as duplicates of this question.    are in the news right now and sound pretty severe. I don't see any security updates from Ubuntu that cover these vulnerabilities.  What is Ubuntu doing about these vulnerabilities, and what should Ubuntu users be doing?  These are CVE-2017-5753, CVE-2017-5715 and CVE-2017-5754.
How would I prove that any binary tree that has n leaves has precisely $2n-1$ nodes ?  Given that a binary tree is either a single node "o" or a node with the left and right subtrees contains a binary tree        o  /       \ binary  binary tree    tree   Any help would be appreciated ! One very convenient property of $\mathbb{R}$ as a ring is that there is an upper bound for the degree of irreducible polynomials in $\mathbb{R}[x]$, as      If $f\in\mathbb{R}[x]$ has degree larger than $2$, then $f$ is reducible.   However, the proof as I know depends highly on the fact that $\mathbb{C}$ is algebraically closed, and the very nice property: $z\in\mathbb{C}$ is in $\mathbb{R}$ if and only if $z=\bar{z}$.  This makes a generalization to other integral domains rather difficult. So the problem is      For what kind of integral domain $R$, we have a finite upper bound on the degree of irreducible elements in $R[x]$?   Some most familiar examples are ruled out: in $\mathbb{Z}[x]$, $\mathbb{Q}[x]$ and $\mathbb{F}_{p}[x]$, there is not such a bound. Unfortunately these exhaust all integral domains about which I have a working knowledge.  Another result might help is , which says if we can find a prime ideal $\mathfrak{p}$ in $R$ such that $\mathfrak{p}^2\neq\mathfrak{p}$, then by picking $a\in\mathfrak{p}^2\backslash\mathfrak{p}$ we have an irreducible $a+x^d$, where $d$ can be arbitrary, and hence the upper bound is not possible.  So we only need to focus on domains where $\mathfrak{p}^2=\mathfrak{p}$ for all prime ideals. This seems to be a quite strong restriction but I am not sure what to make of it.  Can someone give a hint?  Thanks! Cantrips seem to be the only type of spell that cares only about your class level. However, in the multiclassing section they are not mentioned, does this mean that cantrips use your character level, instead of your class level?  Does this mean a Warlock 2 / Fighter 15 can cast an Eldritch Blast with 4 beams just like a level 17 Warlock? Would this look natural:     StackExchange is a helluva site! I found out about this site at Facebook.    Or should we use the preposition on:     StackExchange is a helluva site! I found out about this site on Facebook.    Or are both okay?   (Inspired by a ) I was coding a physics simulation, and noticed that I was using discrete time. That is, there was an update mechanism advancing the simulation for a fixed amount of time repeatedly, emulating a changing system.  I though that was interesting, and now believe the real world must behave just like my program does. It is actually advancing forward in tiny but discrete time intervals? How to setup login time limits (a.k.a. "parental controls") if you don't want to login with a Microsoft account? When creating accounts on Windows 10, you get a choice between "Your family" and "Other users".  If you choose "Your family" you are forced to use a Microsoft account to sign in. There are various reasons why one wouldn't want to do that, such as too much sharing of private information with Microsoft, etc.  If you choose "Other users" you can create regular accounts just fine. However, if you need to setup time limits for some accounts, it is impossible to do so. It is a feature exclusive to "Your family". Not all time-restricted users I want to create are my family, and not everyone is okay with sharing their info with Microsoft.  So, is there a way to setup login time limits for the "Other users" type of accounts? I was trying to change my username and also my home directory (/home/username) and my system started to crash. I deleted the passwd file but I had a backup named passwd_bkp. I tried to rename this passwd_bkp as passwd and it did not work. No commands were being executed... I was in a terminal window.   I restarted my system and now I cannot log in. GRUB gives two options: Linux and recovery mode.   I tried to open a sessions as root but it says the filesystem is corrupted. I cannot access my files.  Did I lose all my files? Consider the diagram below:  (Author: Joshua Hykes )  From this diagram we can see that the absorption coefficient for the photoelectric effect generically decreases with the increase in energy of the photon. What is the physical reason for this decrease. (i.e. why does the probability of photoelectric absorption decreases with increasing photon energy).  Note: I am aware that the large spin is due to more inner electrons been able to be lifted.  Edit For Clarity  I will here rephrase the question: in the above diagram there is a general decrease in the absorption coefficient due to the photoelectric effect (i.e. the absorption of a photon by an electron and subsequent emission of that electron) with energy (ignoring the occasional absorption edge). This is of course linked to a decrease in the probability of the photoelectric effect occurring (and a corresponding decrease in the cross section). My question is: what is causing this decrease with increasing energy. (For the purpose of this question I am ignoring the contribution due to the Compton effect and pair production and simply focusing on the cross section due to the photoelectric effect.) QGIS 2.99 "qgis._core import error: DLL load failed" I am trying to run a standalone application. However, it does not run the program because of mentioned error in title. Here is my code:  from qgis.core import * from qgis.gui import * from qgis.utils import * from PyQt5.QtCore import * from PyQt5.QtGui import *  app = QgsApplication([], True) path = "C:/OSGeo4W64/apps/qgis-dev" app.setPrefixPath(path, True) app.initQgis()  canvas = QgsMapCanvas() title = "PyQGIS Standalone Application Example" canvas.setWindowTitle(title) canvas.setCanvasColor(Qt.white)  layer_info = 'LineString?crs=epsg:4326' layer = QgsVectorLayer(layer_info, 'MyLine', "memory") pr = layer.dataProvider() linstr = QgsFeature() wkt = "LINESTRING (1 1, 10 15, 40 35)" geom = QgsGeometry.fromWkt(wkt) linstr.setGeometry(geom) pr.addFeatures([linstr]) layer.updateExtents() QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(layer)  canvas.setExtent(layer.extent()) canvas.setLayers([layer]) canvas.zoomToFullExtent() exitcode = app.exec_() QgsApplication.exitQgis() sys.exit(exitcode)   When I run it, I get this error:  Traceback (most recent call last):   File "C:/Users/DELL/Desktop/MyMap/myMap.py", line 1, in &lt;module&gt;     from qgis.core import *   File "C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis-dev\python\qgis\__init__.py", line 72, in &lt;module&gt;     from qgis.core import QgsFeature, QgsGeometry   File "C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis-dev\python\qgis\core\__init__.py", line 34, in &lt;module&gt;     from qgis._core import *   ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.  Python version is: 3.6 PyQt   version is: PyQt5.9 Windows 10 - 64bit  I also add many path:  %SystemRoot%\system32 %SystemRoot% %SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem %SYSTEMROOT%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\ C:\OSGeo4W64 C:\OSGeo4W64\apps C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\gdal-dev C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\gdal-dev\bin C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\gdal-dev\pymod3\Lib\site-packages C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\grass\grass-7.2.2\bin C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\Python36 C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\Python36\Scripts C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\Python36\DLLs C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\Python36\lib\site-packages C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis-dev C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis-dev\bin C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis-dev\lib C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis-dev\python C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis-dev\python\qgis C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\Qt5 C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\Qt5\lib C:\OSGeo4W64\bin C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis-dev\python C:\OSGeo4W64\apps\Python36\lib C:\OSGeo4W64\include C:\Users\Mustafa Uçar\AppData\Roaming\QGIS\QGIS3\profiles\default C:\Users\Mustafa Uçar\AppData\Roaming\QGIS\QGIS3\profiles\default\QGIS   How can I fix this error? Can "firstly" be used in the same meaning as "at first/initially"? I've come across many sources claiming that the words firstly and first (as an adverb) can be used interchangeably. They, however, only seemed to be comparing their meanings with regard to enumerations - first(ly) I want to say ..., second(ly) ..., last(ly) ...  What bothers me more is if the word firstly is also usable within the meaning of at first or initially like in the sentence:     Muons (subatomic particles) were firstly observed in cosmic rays.   The word first fits there very well, but is that the case for firstly too? I have not found a dictionary definition or example saying so. Let's say I have a (comparatively) lovely-looking document in LaTeX, full of lovingly typeset, (relatively) complex equations. Now, let's say some barbarians come along one day and decide that the document has to be put into Microsoft Word (2007). ...after the usual mourning period associated with such events, let's say I value my job (more specifically, the bread it provides) enough to get all the text and tables formatted and references organised into the Word document. –...related questions  and – Now I'm looking at the equations with fear and dread. One option of course is to just lift screenshots from the original document, but this is painstaking if I need to refer to parts of the equation in the text. Also, I might need to edit equations on the fly. Anyone know of a free application which allows embedding LaTeX math into MS Word? I've looked at  and  which do roughly what I want... they build LaTeX images from source and embed them into the Word document, allowing to edit the source later... but both are commerical. ...any help in these troubling times will be greatly appreciated. EDIT: Just a note that  offers a 30-day free trial and is working out really nicely... but still, it's not free. Might be a good solution for those with short-term needs, or money. I recently upgraded to Windows 8 from Win 7 64 bit and have started to encounter a strange issue. When I have any program running which plays sound, such as a game or spotify, after a random interval (usually around 5-10 minutes) the program sound will set itself really low.    If I Alt-Tab to the desktop and check the Mixer I can see that the Application volume has automatically set itself really low - the other volume levels (i.e. the Device speakers) stay the same.  I'm able to just set the application volume back to a reasonable level and it stays that way for another 5 - 10 minutes then goes quiet again.  My sound is Realtek High Definition Audio and my machine is an Acer Aspire 5738G if that helps in any way.  Any help much appreciated! Can Sasuke use Tsukuyomi? Are upvotes on competing posts counted per question or per answer for Sportsmanship? The definition of the :     Up voted 100 competing answers   doesn't specify whether each upvote on competing answers to the same question counts towards this criteria, or if it's limited to one "point" per question no matter how many additional competing answers you upvote. Can someone explain how it works? What does “the lowest common denominator” mean in the context other than math? In the  (May 31) article under the title, “Stephen Hawking angers Trump supporters with baffling array of long words,” Andy Borowitz wrote;     “Speaking to a television interviewer in London, the theoretical   physicist, Hawking called Trump “a demagogue who seems to appeal to   the lowest common denominator. --- “For a so-called genius, this was an   epic fail,” Trump’s campaign manager, Corey Lewandowski, said. “If   Professor Hawking wants to do some damage, maybe he should try talking   in English next time.”        Later in the day, Hawking attempted to clarify his remark about the presumptive Republican Presidential nominee, telling a reporter, “Trump bad man. Real bad man.”   From the context of Professor Hawking’s remark, I take “the lowest common denominator” as referring to the  “social segment of low educated, unsophisticated people,” but I’m not sure.   I thought  "common denominator" is a simple mathematic term. What does it mean in the context of the above quote?  Mr. Trump’s campaign manager says Professor Hawking should try to talk in English. Is this a farfetched way of using “common denominator” from math to politics?   Did Professor Hawking misuse "the common denominator"? Or does Mr. Trump's campaign manager not understand the meaning of "common denominator", which some call an "everyday-use" English phrase?  P.S.  I found the following definition of 'common denominator' in Oxford Advanced Learners English Dictionary;   2) an idea, attitude or experience that is shared by all the members of group - see also Lowest common denominator.  Readers English Japanese Dictionary at hand, published by Kenkyu-sha, a foreign language, especially English language dictionary specialist publisher in Japan, and rated as the most reliable English Japanese dictionary totally dropped the reference to this paticular meaning.  It was a learning. I told to myself that I should have made more homework on English-to-English dictonaries beforehand. After upgrading to Firefox 57 Quantum many website have rendering issues, such as empty frames, missing text or fonts, etc. I use Kubuntu 16.04 64 bit.  So far, I've tried:   Restarting Firefox in safe mode Disabling "hardware acceleration"   Wiping out my profile Purging Firefox and reinstalling Running Firefox from a clean user account   But nothing helped so far.  Any tips on how to solve this are much appreciated Proof by induction that $ 169 \mid 3^{3n+3}-26n-27$ $ 169$ | $3^{3n+3}-26n-27$ ?  Fulfilled for $n=0$. Induction to $n+1$: An integer $x$ exists so that  $ 169x= 3^{3n+6}-26n-27-26$ $ 169x= 27*3^{3n+3}-26n-27-26$ $ 169x= 26*3^{3n+3}+3^{3n+3}-26n-27-26$  An integer $m$ exists so that   $ 169x= 26*3^{3n+3}+169m-26$ ($ 13x= 2*(3^{3n+3}-1)+13m$)  Now I'm stuck although it looks simple. Thanks for any input in advance. The square root of a prime number is irrational If $p$ is a prime number, then $\sqrt{p}$ is irrational.  I know that this question has been asked but I just want to make sure that my method is clear. My method is as follows:  Let us assume that the square root of the prime number $p$ is rational. Hence we can write $\sqrt{p} = \frac{a}{b}$. (In their lowest form.) Then $p = \frac{a^2}{b^2}$, and so $p b^2 = a^2$. Hence $p$ divides $a^2$, so $p$ divides $a$. Substitute $a$ by $pk$. Find out that $p$ divides $b$. Hence this is a contradiction as they should be relatively prime, i.e., gcd$(a,b)=1$. Prove that for all non-negative integers $m,n$, $\frac{(2m)!(2n)!}{m!n!(m + n)!}$ is an integer. Prove that for all non-negative integers $m,n$, $\frac{(2m)!(2n)!}{m!n!(m + n)!}$ is an integer.   I'm not familiar to factorial and I don't have much idea, can someone show me how to prove this? Thank you. When abstract logic circuits get translated to the electrical equivilant, how are conversions from 0 to 1 handled? I've searched around and there's lots of good information out there, but I'm a bit of a n00b when it comes to the precise meanings of words like current, voltage, amplify, resistor, diode etc. So what at first presents itself as a simple explanation quickly turns into a wikipedia tabfest of ever increasing complexity. With that in mind please forgive my probably inaccurate use of these terms in this post.  The basic problem for me is that gates on a logic circuit appear to be creating power from nothing, which is impossible. For example imagine two NOT gates connected in sequence: To my uninitiated mind what seems to be happening is that the first NOT gate cuts the power to the second NOT gate, which responds by magically conjuring new power out of thin air and sending it on it's way. The only explanation I can come up with feels a bit redundant and absurd (That every single gate on the diagram is implied to be directly connected to a power source)  The closest I've come to an answer is something to do with changing the "signal" from "high" to "low" but again, I'm not familiar enough with the language. It still suffers from the same problem, if you've got a low signal how is it that a NOT gate can turn it into a high one without directly drawing on a power source?  To wrap up and present the question in all it's rookie glory: How do logic gates physically convert 0 to 1 without violating the law of conservation of energy?