This is a rather morbid question; sorry for that. A friend recently passed away. Prior to passing, he had submitted some of his work to a journal. Journal editor has reached out to see if I could help with some non-controversial copy editing and providing a source file (only PDF had been submitted). We're going to confirm with the family that they're OK with this. If we proceed, is there anything I can do short of entirely recreating the tex file by hand?
I know that hardly any information is passed to the PDF when a .tex file is compiled.  But is there a tool that can convert a PDF document back to (La)TeX?
Can a full version of Ubuntu be Installed on a USB Drive? macro definition containing #include directive Is there a way to define a macro that contains a #include directive in its body?  If I just put the "#include", it gives the error  C2162: "expected macro formal parameter"   since here I am not using # to concatenate strings. If I use "\# include",  then I receive the following two errors:  error C2017: illegal escape sequence error C2121: '#' : invalid character : possibly the result of a macro expansion   Any help? Install a .NET windows service without InstallUtil.exe Could someone with experience in using these exercise typesetting packages please offer a quick compare and contrast of these packages to help me choose?  Packages under consideration are:         Having read briefly the documentation, they all seem to do the same thing generally, so could you please focus on the differences?  Some differences will not be obvious until I've learnt and used all the different packages but I want to better appreciate the differences now, a priori. Is it possible to use JSF+Facelets with HTML 4/5? Difference between administrative and user mode of MiKTeX Teleporting Castle I remember seeing a movie when I was younger, but can't find it online because I can't remember a whole lot about the story.  What I do remember is there was a group of soldiers trying to catch this castle that appeared only during the day and at the start of each new day it would teleport to a new random location.  I also remember the main character having this neat little flying blade disk that reminds me of something from the Predator movies that he could control with his mind.  Again I can't recall a lot about the movie, but if it sounds familiar I would be grateful.  Also it seems like at one point there were horses that ran so fast they caught fire! Wouldn't the thermodynamic cost of creating alternate universes make the Many Worlds interpretation implausible? I was thinking about the many interpretations of quantum physics, and one thing that never made sense to me was the many world's interpretation. Basically at any given moment for which something exists in a superposition, isn't this interpretation basically saying that there would have to exist a new universe for every possible discrete outcome that could result once the measurement is made?   So let's say an electron's location is a superposition of two distinct locations. Doesn't that mean there would at that moment have to be two distinct universes for each distinct location that is superposed? If so, then clearly the amount of universes being spawned every moment must be astronomical.   There could be trillions upon trillions of electrons(for instance) having superposed states, and then every moment in time (I suppose every planck time?), it seems there would have to be yet another set of universes spawning for every superposition.  How could this be? Surely there must be some kind of thermodynamic cost to replicate an entire universe. What would fuel or supply the additional mass and energy for every universe at every moment for every superposed state?  To my lay person's mind, this seems to be a very big weakness of this interpretation, but I needed to ask people with the physics background required to answer this question. Could there be some kind of loophole that could allow alternate universes to spawn so rapidly? Otherwise, doesn't this present a bit of a problem for taking this interpretation seriously? How can I forward delete on iOS? Is there a way to delete text in front of the caret using the iOS software keyboard? The small wireless hardware keyboard accomplishes this with a fn+delete, so there might be a way to use multiple keys to accomplish the same task in iOS? How to solve: -bash: : cannot execute binary file I have a file named b1 that contains assembly language. I am trying to execute the file on OSX using   $ ./b1   I get the following error:   -bash: ./b1: cannot execute binary file   I've looked at other similar questions, but to no avail. I'm definitely using a 64 bit architecture.   Here are output of relevant info:  $ file b1 b1: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, not stripped $ uname -a Darwin Anthonys-MacBook-Pro.local 13.0.0 Darwin Kernel Version 13.0.0: Thu Sep 19 22:22:27 PDT 2013; root:xnu-2422.1.72~6/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64   Edit:   Ran as b1 which ended up terminating with:  /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/as: fatal error in /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../libexec/as/x86_64/as How to create a custom "confirm" & pause js execution until user clicks button? Ok, I'm doing a bunch of RIA/AJAX stuff and need to create a "pretty", custom confirm box which is a DIV (not the built-in javascript confirm). I'm having trouble determining how to accomplish a pause in execution to give the user a chance to accept or decline the condition before either resuming or halting execution. (depending upon their answer)   So here's the general flow of logic I'm dealing with:   User selects an item from dropdown and clicks button. In client-side javascript eventhandler for button, I need to check a (this is the key) SERIES of conditions for the item they chose in dropdown.  These conditions could possibly result in not showing any confirmation at all or possibly only some of the conditions may evaluate to true which means I'll need to ask the user to accept or decline the condition before proceeding. Only one confirmation should be show at a time.   To demonstrate the logic:  function buttonEventHandler() {  if (condition1) {   if(!showConfirmForCondition1) // want execution to pause while waiting for user response.      return; // discontinue execution }  if (condition2) {   if (!showConfirmForCondition2) // want execution to pause while waiting for user response.       return; // discontinue execution }  if (condition3) {   if (!showConfirmForCondition3) // want execution to pause while waiting for user response.       return; // discontinue execution }  ...   }    If anybody has dealt with this challenge before and found a solution, help would be greatly appreciated. As a note, I'm also using the MS Ajax and jQuery libraries although I haven't found any functionality that may already be included in those for this problem. Persistent do not disturb toggle in Yosemite possible? Having trouble creating an array of objects Continuous weighted random distribution, biased toward one end I am currently contributing to a particle system for our game and developing some emitter shapes.  My uniform random distribution along a line or along a rectangular area works fine - no problem.  But now I would like to have something like a 1 dimensional gradient in this distribution. This would mean for example lower values are more common than higher values.  I don't know what would be appropriate mathematical terms for this problem, so my search skills are rather useless with this one. I need something that is computationally simple, as the particle system needs to be efficient. The use of nominative "whom" (as in “persons whom it is foreseeable are likely to...”) A Hilbert space is, by definition, a complete inner product space. If $(V,|.|)$ is finite dimensional inner product space of dimension $n$ then it is (topologically) isomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^n$ which is of course complete. My instinct here is to say "and therefore, $V$ is also a Hilbert space". I'm not sure about this step however since completeness depends on the norm and the norm depends on the selected inner product (assuming the induced norm $||x|| = (x | x)^{1/2}$ is used). So, must we place some condition on the inner product or is the topological isomorphism between $\mathbb{R}^n$ enough to guarantee that V is Hilbert? Suppose I want to know whether $\sqrt{7}\in\mathbb{Q}_5$, or more generally, whether $\sqrt{n}\in\mathbb{Q}_p$ for $n\in\mathbb{Z}$, $p$ an odd prime. What are the techniques for determining this? Am I supposed to "lift" it from $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ using Hensel's lemma? Could I see an example? I had posted a  last week about customizing a ToolValidator class and got some very good answers.  In working with the proposed solutions, I have created a custom module that performs queries on a db, and will be called by both the ToolValidator class (to provide values for the drop-down lists) and later in the geoprocessing script (to get other parameters based on items selected in drop-down lists).  However, I can't seem to actually call the custom module in the ToolValidator class.  I have been trying to append to path with no luck.  When I try to apply these changes to the script, I get a runtime error:  [Errno 9] Bad file descriptor.  If I comment out import line, no errors.  sys.path.append('my_custom_module_directory') import my_custom_module   Many of you may be asking why don't I just implement a custom tool with ArcObjects.  The reason is that my end users don't have the privleges necessary to register ANY dlls on their computer.  UPDATE:  This was happening to me in ArcGIS 10.  Interestingly enough, I was initially appending to the path inside of the initialiazeParameters function of the ToolValidator class.  If I do the append outside (i.e., on top of) of the ToolValidator class, everything works as expected.  sys.path.append('C:/Working/SomeFolder') import somescript --------&gt;THIS WORKS  class ToolValidator:   """Class for validating a tool's parameter values and controlling   the behavior of the tool's dialog."""    def __init__(self):     """Setup arcpy and the list of tool parameters."""     import arcpy     sys.path.append('C:/Working/SomeFolder')     import somescript -------&gt; THIS DOESNT WORK     self.params = arcpy.GetParameterInfo()   UPDATE 2:  I think I found the true cause of my problem.  In the code snippets in this post, I have been appending what appear to be real paths (ex C:/Working/SomeFolder) to the sys.path.  In my actual ToolValidator class, I was constructing a relative path using os.path.dirname(__file__) +"\my_special_folder...".  I was anticipating that os.path.dirname(__file__) would return the path of the toolbox, since that contains the ToolValidator class.  I have come to find this is not the case.  As far as I can tell, the ToolValidator class is never actually written to a .py file, and I speculate the the this code is passed to the python interpreter in memory, so __file__ is useless, or some temp script is persisted and then execfile(path_to_script) is called, again rendering __file__ useless.  I'm sure there are other reasons I am missing as well.    Long story short, if I use a hardcoded path, the sys.append works anywhere, relative paths don't work so well in the ToolValidator class. Add/Delete table rows dynamically using JavaScript C programming: How to program for Unicode?