Ubuntu boot takes long time, and on boot I get these errors:    Similar errors appear on shutdown (which is also slow), however Windows 10 on the same SSD boots normally. I tried to reinstall Ubuntu, but that fixed nothing and same errors occur when I boot from live USB. What's the problem and how can I try to fix it?
I'm getting these errors ramdomly, and I don't know if its normal or not.   [39441.061856] ata3.00: failed to read SCR 1 (Emask=0x40) [39441.061866] ata3.01: failed to read SCR 1 (Emask=0x40) [39441.061892] ata3.15: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x280100 action 0x6 frozen [39441.061897] ata3.15: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error [39441.061904] ata3.15: SError: { UnrecovData 10B8B BadCRC } [39441.061910] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x100 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen [39441.061917] ata3.01: exception Emask 0x100 SAct 0xe SErr 0x0 action 0x6 frozen [39441.061923] ata3.01: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [39441.061933] ata3.01: cmd 60/a8:08:b0:48:62/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 1 ncq 86016 in [39441.061940] ata3.01: status: { DRDY } [39441.061944] ata3.01: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [39441.061953] ata3.01: cmd 60/a8:10:b0:49:62/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 2 ncq 86016 in [39441.061959] ata3.01: status: { DRDY } [39441.061963] ata3.01: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED [39441.061972] ata3.01: cmd 60/58:18:58:4a:62/00:00:00:00:00/40 tag 3 ncq 45056 in [39441.061978] ata3.01: status: { DRDY } [39441.061987] ata3.15: hard resetting link [39441.608302] ata3.15: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 300) [39441.609090] ata3.00: hard resetting link [39441.929246] ata3.00: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 320) [39441.929333] ata3.01: hard resetting link [39442.249184] ata3.01: SATA link up 3.0 Gbps (SStatus 123 SControl 320) [39442.263242] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/133 [39442.277570] ata3.01: configured for UDMA/133 [39442.277725] ata3: EH complete   I'm also pasting smartctl -a for ,  and .  Thanks in advance for your help.
The verb let means  “allow”, “permit”, “not prevent or forbid”, “pass, go or come”  and it's used with an object and the bare infinitive.         Are you going to let me drive or not?     Don't let him off the hook.     Before we let our children surf the Internet, they have to do their homework.     She lets the cats out before leaving.   He let us into the house.      The full form let us can be used similarly        Let us know as soon as possible.      Please, let us help you.   They will never let us forget.      None of the above can be contracted; however, when let us is used for making a suggestion; giving self-encouragement; expressing a consequence or plea,  it is often contracted to let's      Let's go out   Let's have a party   Let's see what happens   Let's stand together in this emergency   Let's not forget those who sacrificed their lives     Questions   I believe that let + us is the only instance where this type of contraction occurs. Is there an explanation as to why verbs such as (i) give + us, (ii) get + us or (iii) take + us were not similarly contracted? When was the apostrophe used to replace the omitted letter "u" in let us?  What is the origin of let's? Daily review limit exceeded I have just reached my limit of suggested edits for the day when I noticed someone else has 21, when the limit is 20, how can this be? Replace values which obey certain criteria Going into a directory linked by a link When I cd a link, my current path is prefixed with the link's path, rather than the path of the directory the link links to.  E.g.  ~/dirlinks/maths$ ls -l logic lrwxrwxrwx 1 tim tim 71 Jul 27 10:24 logic -&gt; /windows-d/academic discipline/study objects/areas/formal systems/logic  ~/dirlinks/maths$ cd logic ~/dirlinks/maths/logic$ pwd /home/tim/dirlinks/maths/logic  ~/dirlinks/maths/logic$ cd .. ~/dirlinks/maths$   I would like to have my current path changed to the path of the linked dir, so that I can work with the parent dirs of the linked dir as well. Besides ls the link to find out the linked dir, and then cd into it, what are some simpler ways to accomplish that? For example, after cd into a link, how do you change your current path to the path of the linked dir? Let $x &gt; 1$ and $a$, $b$ be positive integers. I know that $a$ divides $b$ implies that $x^a - 1$ divides $x^b - 1$. If $b = qa$, then  $$x^b - 1 = (x^a)^q - 1^q = (x^a - 1)((x^a)^{q-1} + \ldots + x^a + 1).$$  I'm interested in the converse of the statement. If $x^a - 1$ divides $x^b - 1$, does this imply that $a$ divides $b$? When, where and **how often** do you find polynomials of higher degrees than two in mathematical, pure/applied, research? A formula for solving a polynomial of degree three, see  link; $ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=0$, is  $$\begin{align} x\quad&amp;=\quad       \sqrt[3]{           \left(               \frac{-b^3}{27a^3} + \frac{bc}{6a^2} - \frac{d}{2a}           \right)            +                 \sqrt{               \left(                   \frac{-b^3}{27a^3} + \frac{bc}{6a^2} - \frac{d}{2a}               \right) ^2                 +                \left(                   \frac{c}{3a} - \frac{b^2}{9a^2}               \right) ^3            }       }\\       &amp;+\quad       \sqrt[3]{           \left(               \frac{-b^3}{27a^3} + \frac{bc}{6a^2} - \frac{d}{2a}           \right)            -                 \sqrt{               \left(                   \frac{-b^3}{27a^3} + \frac{bc}{6a^2} - \frac{d}{2a}               \right) ^2                 +                \left(                   \frac{c}{3a} - \frac{b^2}{9a^2}               \right) ^3            }       }       \;-\;\frac{b}{3a} \end{align}$$     Unlike quadratic, cubic, and quartic polynomials, the general quintic   cannot be solved algebraically in terms of a finite number of   additions, subtractions, multiplications, divisions, and root   extractions, as rigorously demonstrated by Abel (Abel's impossibility   theorem) and Galois. However, certain classes of quintic equations can   be solved [...] Source:    At levels of $5^{\text{th}}$ degree polynomials, things are starting to look really serious in my eyes. My question is:     If it is possible to not answer subjectively: When, where and how often do you find polynomials of higher degrees than two in mathematical, pure/applied, research? Word for two collections that do not have any elements in common I'm looking for a word for when you have a collection A and a collection B and they have no overlap.  In mathematical terms: the relation between two sets where the intersection is empty. Like in this Venn diagram:    The word that keeps popping up in my mind is disparate sets, but I don't feel that completely covers the meaning when I look at the definition, because that doesn't seem to preclude overlapping sets that are different:     disparate   1. distinct in kind; essentially different; dissimilar:   disparate ideas. 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The conversation often continues in the Comments and important information is held in the comments. I'd like to have threaded comments there. Why do microcontrollers have so little RAM? Maybe this is more of a perceptional problem, but it seems like microcontrollers have advanced by leaps and bounds in the last 20 years, in almost all regards, higher clock speed, more peripherals, easier debugging, 32-bit cores, etc...  It is still common to see RAM in the 10's of KB (16/32&nbsp;KB).  It doesn't seem like it could be an issue of cost or size directly. Is it an issue of complexity with the RAM controller above some threshold?  Or is it just that it isn't generally required?  Looking over a parts matrix at a popular Internet supplier, I see one  with 256&nbsp;KB for less than US$8, and then for a few dollars more you can find a few more that are ROMless, but it seems pretty sparse...  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