I was trying to save customization templates in QGIS 2.4 and have managed to hide the MENU bar. Now I cannot access Settings-&gt;Customization to switch it on again.   I even un-installed and deleted the .qgis2/ folder from my user but it always loads without the menu bar now.  Please suggest a way to get the MENU bar back please.
Making some tests in Windows XP for customizing a user interface in QGIS 1.8 (see ), I have unchecked, among other options, the Settings Menu. This means that, after restarting QGIS, there's no way of recovering the older settings because there is not already a Setting Menu. So, I cannot reload any ini file.  For your information, as a precaution, previously I have saved in a folder both the original ini file, with all the options, and the customized ini file with only some options (of course, not included here the necessary Settings Menu).  Before reinstalling QGIS (version 1,8), I would like to try other smarter options if there's any. Where and what does QGIS look at where this applications starts?
I am unable to cover the following class get set method. Need help in creating test class  public class Aresult{      public class Parent {         public String type {get; set;}         public String id {get; set;}         public String sequence_id {get; set;}         public String etag {get; set;}         public String name {get; set;}     } }   Please suggest  @isTest  public class CirriusGetItemsResultTest {     public static void myUnitTest(){         Aresult.parent a = new Aresult.parent();         a.type='hello';         a.id='hello';         a.sequence_id ='hello';         a.etag ='hello';         a.name ='hello';     } } Find the nilpotents in $\mathbb{Z}_3[x]/(x^2-1)$ Command-line completion from command history So, I've looked at history and at Ctrl+R, but they are not what I thought I knew. Is there a way that I can type in the beginning of a command, and cycle through the matches in my history with some bash shortcut?  # mysq(some shortcut key)   Gives me:  # mysqldump  --add-drop-table -e -q -n -C -u  (some shortcut key) #  mysql -u ben.dauphinee -p 18.04: color emoji not showing up at all in Chrome, only partially in Firefox Why doesn't Quicksilver create sonic booms? Make 15 lines / ticks with Photoshop, each of them rotated of 20° What is the intuition behind beta distribution? Disclaimer: I'm not a statistician but a software engineer. Most of my knowledge in statistics comes from self-education, thus I still have many gaps in understanding concepts that may seem trivial for other people here. So I would be very thankful if answers included less specific terms and more explanation. Imagine that you are talking to your grandma :)  I'm trying to grasp the nature of beta distribution – what it should be used for and how to interpret it in each case. If we were talking about, say, normal distribution, one could describe it as arrival time of a train: most frequently it arrives just in time, a bit less frequently it is 1 minute earlier or 1 minute late and very rarely it arrives with difference of 20 minutes from the mean. Uniform distribution describes, in particular, chance of each ticket in lottery. Binomial distribution may be described with coin flips and so on. But is there such intuitive explanation of beta distribution?    Let's say, $\alpha=.99$ and $\beta=.5$. Beta distribution $B(\alpha, \beta)$ in this case looks like this (generated in R):     But what does it actually mean? Y-axis is obviously a probability density, but what is on the X-axis?   I would highly appreciate any explanation, either with this example or any other. I want to fill a part of a picture with more or less evenly and randomly distributed circles which should not overlap. It would be okay if circles are only partly inside the shape.  The density should be like what you see on this page  with values 80-100. (But I do not need so many circles, 30 should be enough, I could repeat the pattern).   I cannot use a grid and "wobble" the circles a bit: The circles are too large and it simply does not look randomly.   Currently I am thinking about a random attempt: Get some random point, measure its distance to existing circles, either paint or throw the point away. Try 100 times and hope that you get the right number of circles (and that it does not take too long). But perhaps someone has a better idea.   The example draws the circles simply manually:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{backgrounds} \begin{document}   \begin{tikzpicture}[framed,gridded,radius=0.5cm]  \draw[red](0,0) rectangle (5,5);   \draw (1,1) circle;   \draw (2.3,1.1) circle ;   \draw (4.5,0.8) circle ;   \draw (5.1,1.8) circle ;   \draw (0.4,3.3) circle ;   \draw (2.1,2.8) circle ;   \draw (3.8,3.5) circle ;   \draw (4.8,4.2) circle ;   \draw (0.8,4.9) circle ;   \draw (2.1,4.1) circle ;   \draw (3.8,2.0) circle ;   \draw (3.5,0.6) circle ;   \draw (3.0,5.0) circle ;      \draw (4.1,5.1) circle ;             \draw (0.9,2.1) circle ;  \end{tikzpicture}  \end{document} What damage will powering down instead of shutting down do? Installing 3rd party python libraries for QGIS on Windows How can I make up for weak grades while applying for a masters? I feel I've received poor grades in my bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering - Second Class Second Division as per UK grading system. Having finished my bachelors in the UK I wish to enroll into a masters program in Systems or Mechanical Engineering in the US. I am currently employed by a logistics company in Dubai.   How can I improve my chances of getting into a grad school in the US with what I consider as poor grades? What other factors can strengthen my application? "I saw him crossing" vs. "I saw him cross" I saw him crossing the road.   I saw him cross the road.   Which one is correct and why? How did planets have an elliptical orbit in the first place? I know that planets speed up when getting closer to the sun, but they speed up because they have an elliptical orbit, and they have an elliptical orbit because they speed up. Why did they have an elliptical orbit in the first place? Why is the complex number $z=a+bi$ equivalent to the matrix form $\left(\begin{smallmatrix}a &-b\\b&a\end{smallmatrix}\right)$ Possible Duplicate:          On Wikipedia, it says that:     Matrix representation of complex numbers   Complex numbers $z=a+ib$ can also be represented by $2\times2$ matrices that have the following form: $$\pmatrix{a&amp;-b\\b&amp;a}$$   I don't understand why they can be represented by these matrices or where these matrices come from. How to export and import mysql database with its data using php script? I was wondering if there is a viable place on Stack Exchange to ask economics-related questions.  Questions I'd have in particular could be equation-based or theoretical.  I suppose the equation-based questions could possibly fit into mathematics but I haven't checked their FAQ. How to run scripts without typing the full path? Strange math notation, vertical bar with parentheses. So I was reading "Resistance Distance" (D. J. Klein, M. Randić) (Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 12(1993)81-95) when I came up with strange notation.  From the paper:  The graph adjacency matrix is defined as: $$A_{xy} = (x|A|y) =  \begin{cases} 1/r_{xy} &amp; x \sim y \\ 0 &amp; \text{otherwise}  \end{cases}$$  The graph degree matrix of a graph is defined as:  $$\Delta_{xy} = (x|\Delta|y) = \delta(x,y) \sum_{z}^{\sim x} 1/r_{xy}$$  $$ |\phi) \equiv \sum_x |x)  $$  My main question is what does the combination of the vertical bar parentheses mean. Thanks in advance. is there a better way to do this XML scraping task in R? Render looks "brighter" than in viewport preview Somehow my viewport preview shows darker result than what comes out in render (check out in corner of the pic)  World strength is at zero and ambient occlusion is also disabled.  Floor is using bump and roughness from picture. Wall has adaptive subdivision surface  modifier.  All lit using planes with emission shaders.  I wanted to play around with render layers and maybe I screw some setting there, hope this helps.