I have a local Debian repository I run for our organization using reprepro. This local repository hosts custom software we develop ourselves. There are Debian packages from other sources not included in the official Debian repos that I would like to add to our local repository.   Normally when I build a package I upload it to our local repository using dput which requires a .changes file. If I get a  Debian package from another source, I get only a .deb file and no .changes file.   How do I upload a .deb file to our local repository without the .changes file?
I am often interested in the installation triggers (postinst, postrm) or certain parts of packages (like /usr/share and /etc). Currently, I am running the next command to retrieve the source code:  apt-get source [package-name]   The downside is, this file is often much bigger than the binary package and does not reflect the installation tree.  Right now, I am downloading the packages through :      Download the actual file   This takes too long for me and as someone who really likes the shell, I would like to do something like the next (imaginary) command:  apt-get get-deb-file [package-name]   I could not find something like this in the . The most close I found was the --download-only switch, but this puts the package in /var/cache/apt/archives (which requires root permissions) and not in the current directory.
I just got a short algorithm on my page, and it keeps getting aligned at the center of the page. But I want to have it aligned at the top, what do I have to do? Difference between “with”, “at” and “for” with a business title and a company name Attempt to de-reference a null object: Trigger There were custom validation error(s) encountered while saving the affected record(s). The first validation error encountered was:      Apex trigger updatequotestatus caused an unexpected exception, contact your administrator: updatequotestatus: execution of AfterInsert caused by: System.NullPointerException: Attempt to de-reference a null object: Trigger.updatequotestatus line 5, column 1.   Error Occured at Line:     if((t.what.getsobjecttype() == quote__c.sobjecttype) &amp;&amp; (t.subject.substring(0,5) == 'Email')  trigger updatequotestatus on task (after insert, after update){     Set&lt;Id&gt; quoteIds = new Set&lt;Id&gt;();     List&lt;quote__c&gt; quotes = new List&lt;quote__c&gt;();      for(task t:trigger.new){         if(t.whatId!=null){             if((t.what.getsobjecttype() == quote__c.sobjecttype) &amp;&amp; (t.subject.substring(0,5) == 'Email')){                 quoteIds.add(t.whatId);             }         }     }      for(quote__c q:[select StageName__c from quote__c where Id IN : quoteIds]){         quote__c qt = new quote__c();         qt.Id = q.Id;         qt.StageName__c = 'Proposal Sent';         quotes.add(qt);     }      if(quotes.size()&gt;0){         update quotes;     } } What is the most efficient way to convert a MySQL query to CSV in PHP please?  It would be best to avoid temp files as this reduces portability (dir paths and setting file-system permissions required).  The CSV should also include one top line of field names. Calculating the number of possible paths through some squares I'm prepping for the GRE.  Would appreciate if someone could explain the right way to solve this problem. It seems simple to me but the site where I found this problem says I'm wrong but doesn't explain their answer. So here is the problem verbatim:    Find the number of paths from x to y moving only right (R) or down (D).  My answer is 6. What am I missing??  Thanks for any help. How could it possible to factorise $x^8-1$ in product of irreducibles in the rings $(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})[x]$ and $(\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z})[x]$? How could it possible to factorize $x^8-1$ in product of irreducibles in the rings $(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})[x]$ and $(\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z})[x]$?  I'm having a hard time starting the problem. Could anyone help me at this point? Recently I began studying machine learning, however I failed to grasp the intuition behind .   The following are the facts about logistic regression that I understand.   As the basis for hypothesis we use . I do understand why it's a correct choice, however why it's the only choice I don't understand. Hypothesis represents the probability that the appropriate output is $1$, therefore the domain of our function should be $[0,1]$, this is the only property of sigmoid function I found useful and appropriate here, however many functions satisfy this property. In addition, sigmoid function has a derivative in this form $f(x)(1-f(x))$, but I don't see the utility of this special form in logistic regression.   Question: what so special about sigmoid function, and why we cannot use any other function with domain $[0,1]$? The cost function consists of two parameters ${\rm Cost}(h_{\theta}(x),y)=-\log(h_{\theta}(x))$ if $y=1, {\rm Cost}(h_{\theta}(x),y)=-\log(1-h_{\theta}(x))$ if $y=0$. In the same was as above, I do understand why it's correct, however why is it the only form? For example, why couldn't $|h_{\theta(x)}-y|$ be a good choice for the cost function?  Question: what is so special about the above form of cost function; why cannot we use another form?   I would appreciate if you could share your understanding of logistic regression. Choosing between meaningful and meaningless hostnames Why does the series $\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac1n$ not converge? Can a player character use the Misty Step spell to bring another character or creature with them when they teleport? I am an Eladrin elf and have the ability to use the misty step spell to teleport with my clothing and items. However, can I grapple a party member (or NPC or other creature) and use the misty step spell to bring them with me when I teleport? Would they have to be willing? mkdir error: no such file or directory on a linux machine running CENTOS v 7.8.2003 I am in a directory Neutrinos I now do  mkdir /pionloop/ this works. I then go to into this new directory pionloop and do mkdir /E_0.3 and this works as well. I thus have as a result a directory Neutrinos/pionloop/E_0.3.  Now, starting in Neutrinos I want to do this in one command and therefore do mkdir /pionloop/E_0.3 and get: `mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/pionloop/E_3.0’: No such file or directory  What is going wrong here?? Hamiltonian Monte Carlo for dummies Could you provide a step-by-step for dummies explanation of how Hamiltonian Monte Carlo work?  PS: I've already read the answers here, , and here, , and here,  and they do not address it in a step-by-step way. Dismiss suggested edits which conflict with full edit instead of auto rejecting them Currently, once an edit by a user without full edit privilege is suggested, it can be either approved or rejected.  There is a known edge case that cause suggested edits to get auto rejected: (aka edit conflict)   User with full edit privilege click "edit" and start typing. Let's name this user Joe. Since the user from previous step did not yet send the edit, users without full edit privilege can still click the "edit" as well, oblivious to the fact someone else is editing the same post in those very seconds. Such user click "edit" too and start typing. Let's name this user Kenny. Kenny is faster than Joe: he send his edit first, creating new suggested edit. Joe is still typing. Joe finally done typing. He send his edit to its merry way oblivious to the consequences. As result of the full edit made by Joe, Kenny's suggested edit is kicked away and rejected. Boom.   This is all known and reported many times.  where the user got it hard with at least two auto rejections in short period of time. Some concrete examples: , , .  For edge case, it became pretty thick edge. This is not just minor hassle: enough rejections, and the user is banned from suggesting for a whole week: and remember we're talking here about good edits made by good users. The above used to count for the ban, but . Thanks Gilles for requesting such a change!   I know it was already suggested to lock edits and similar solutions, but I suggest whole different approach: instead of auto rejecting the suggested edit, dismiss it, i.e. cancel it like it never existed same way a bounty can be revoked by moderator.  In the edit suggestion page it will show "Dismissed" instead of Approved or Rejected maybe with a tooltip explaining what caused this. This will soften the blow from those edge cases, taking the edge out of them. :) Why we use $L_2$ Space In QM? I asked this question for many people/professors without getting a sufficient answer, why in QM Lebesgue spaces of second degree are assumed to be the one that corresponds to the Hilbert vector space of state functions, from where this arises? and why 2-order space that assumes the following inner product:  $\langle\phi|\psi\rangle =\int\phi^{*}\psi\,dx$  While there is many ways to define the inner product.  In Physics books, this always assumed as given, never explains it, also I tried to read some abstract math books on this things, and found some concepts like "Metric weight" that will be minimized in such spaces, even so I don't really understand what is behind that, so why $L_2$? what special about them? Who and how physicists understood that those are the one we need to use? Where do I place my own .sty or .cls files, to make them available to all my .tex files? I know how to define a package or a class, but how do I make it available (to myself) at all times?  Say I have the package file commonstuff.sty (or myprettyclass.cls), that I want to be able to include in any .tex file I create on my computer. Where do I put it? Do I need to run some installer on it, or is it enough to keep it in a certain folder?  Note: I know I can just place it in the same folder as the .tex file, but that's not what I'm after here. I'm looking for a way to "install" the package centrally on my computer. I'm writing an essay, and want to know the promotion rate and average duration from assistant professor to associate professor and associate professor to professor in recent years. Sadly I don't know the data for the US. Could anyone tell me? Meaning of "* */1 * * *" cron entry? Somehow, I am finding it difficult to understand tweaking around * parameters with cron.  I wanted a job to run every hour and I used the below setting:  * */1 * * *   But it does not seem to do the job. Could someone please explain the meaning of above and what is needed for the job? Do you have tips or a guide how to install Ubuntu in Microsoft Virtual PC?  I have found some (older) information, but I wonder if this is still valid. And it looks very "unfriendly". Blogs link from the not existing community page refers to 404 The “blogs” link from the , e.g:        refers to another not existing page:        Looks like blogs link should refer to the same page as for “blog” link in the footer: Let $n$ be a nonnegative integer, and $k$ a positive integer. Could someone explain to me why the identity $$ \sum_{i=0}^n\binom{i+k-1}{k-1}=\binom{n+k}{k} $$ holds?