Is there a formula to calculate how long it will take for a nichrome (NiCr-A) rod of given dimensions to heat up to a certain temperature (or maximum temperature) for a given supply of AC or DC current and voltage to the rod. Assume the rod is surrounded by stationary air at ambient temperature (~25°C).
Let's say I have 1m of 2,5mm² copper wire, insulated with H07V-K. The wire carries 40A and environment temperature is 25°C. The wire is suspended in free air. How hot will the wire get? And how can I calculate it for other values?  The use case is a 12V-230V AC converter I want to hook up to my car and determine the minimum wire thickness required. Because it's only used from time to time and not buried in a wall I suspect I can use thinner wires. This is a temporary thing and doesn't need to be up to code.
If you visit a chat room attached to a beta site while logged out, the log in message is all but unreadable, being dark grey on a dark blue background. For example, visit  while logged out or in private browsing mode. Follow a pipe using less? Can less follow (by pressing F) a piped input (similarly to a file)? For a file that is being written to, the command  less &lt;file&gt;   will follow the file when pressing F.  But if I have a command that pipes output directly into less, like this  command | less   pressing F will do nothing.  So it looks like pipes cannot be followed like files can? Or maybe it has to do with command also writing to STDERR? The effect I'm trying to achieve is always see the latest output of the command: just like keeping PageDown pressed!  A related remark holds for G (go to end): when piping directly to less, it won't work. I need to get UTF-8 working in my Java webapp (servlets + JSP, no framework used) to support äöå etc. for regular Finnish text and Cyrillic alphabets like ЦжФ for special cases.  My setup is the following:   Development environment: Windows XP Production environment: Debian   Database used: MySQL 5.x  Users mainly use Firefox2 but also Opera 9.x, FF3, IE7 and Google Chrome are used to access the site.  How to achieve this? Any way to add CSS for a single page/node? I'm cleaning up my big crazy style sheets (possibly pertinent to a future question) and I'm wondering the best way to add custom CSS to a specific node or page. In particular, my work site's home page is a Panel Page and it has a bunch of different styling. Right now the CSS is just included with the main theme style sheet. Is there a way to say, &quot;if this is node Foo, then add foo.css&quot;? Is  what I'm looking for? I might be interested in generalizing this to other nodes/sections/etc, but at the moment I just want to handle this one item. UNetbootin is stuck in an "Automatic boot in 10 seconds" countdown loop I made a bootable Windows 7 USB using UNetbootin, and when I try to boot from the bootable USB and select the Default boot menu entry, it gets stuck at the UNetbootin boot menu and it keeps repeating an Automatic boot in 10 seconds... message in an endless countdown loop. Selecting Press [Tab] to edit options and editing the options has no effect. When I go back to the boot menu, it keeps repeating the same countdown loop.   I've tried redoing the UNetbootin extraction, but I still have the same issue. What does --shell-escape do? I stumbled upon an example, which needed to be compiled with the additional option --shell-escape. Using this option it worked just fine, but I'm curious:     Why or when is this option needed and what does it actually do? Showing $\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^n$ is an increasing sequence by comparing the binomial expansions term by term So I know that showing $\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^n$ is an increasing sequence has probably appeared on this site about 100 times, but my professor said he thinks the induction step is most easily seen if you expand this out and compare the summation term by term. I tried this and I did not what see why the inequality was obvious. Can somebody help me out here? Thanks! QGIS3 - Clipping polygons to a hemisphere for azimuthal orthographic projection I'm a bit of a novice with QGIS, so this is really throwing me for a loop.  For the maps I'm intending on making, an azimuthal orthographic projection would be my preference.   For example, one map I'm trying to recreate is this map of the Pacific islands :    I've been using the NaturalEarth Quick Start package, which has been a really good launching-off point, but I'm running into some issues at the horizon of the orthographic projection.  I've tried adding a custom projection:  +proj=ortho +lat_0=0 +lon_0=170 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6371000 +b=6371000 +units=m +no_defs   But that gives the following map:    Which certainly is close to being right, but the ocean is obviously being cut off in the Arctic and on the southern horizon.  I understand the issue is that naively mapping layers described in WGS 84 to an orthographic projection leaves you with artifacts at the horizon, but how do I fix it?    I first tried to use the Clip to Hemisphere plugin described in , but it seems incompatible with QGIS 3; when I try adding the plugin, QGIS3 gives an error message and places it in the "Invalid" section of the Plugins window.    I then tried both solutions presented at  Again the issue is with QGIS 2/3 incompatibility.    For Solution 1, both Numerical Digitize and CAD Tools are again incompatible with QGIS 3 and give the same result as Clip to Hemisphere.    For Solution 2, I can't disable on-the-fly-reprojection in settings since that setting was removed in QGIS 3. Prove $\lim_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac {\sin(x)}{x} = 1$ with the epsilon-delta definition of limit. Trying to open a http website on any web browser (event telnet) gives a ‘ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED’ or ‘connection timed out’.  However, the same sites can be opened using https. I tried doing a traceroute and it works fine.  I am new to OS X but have experience with Linux. How do I go about troubleshooting this issue?  Update  I think I've tracked down the culprit to a rule in pf (firewall).  The result of sudo pfctl -s nat is:  No ALTQ support in kernel ALTQ related functions disabled rdr pass inet proto tcp from 192.168.0.101 to any port = 80 -&gt; 127.0.0.1 port 9882   192.168.0.101 is the current ip address of the computer.  I tried to remove the rule with sudo pfctl -F all, but it is back after a few seconds. I didn't find the rule in the default configurations (/etc/pf.conf). And disabling pf with sudo pfctl -d has no effect on it.  Is this a malware issue? Electorate badge rules? I just got the  badge on StackOverflow, which is nice, but I noticed a number of top users aren't yet listed (inluding Jon Skeet and Marc Gravell, who would certainly qualify).  This made me wonder how the badges are retrospectively applied. Is it just that the display is heavily cached and the badge is awarded when the user logs in again or something? We are asked the following:      let $f(x)$ be a continuous function on $[0, 1]$ such that   $$\int _ {0} ^ {1} \ f(y) dy = 1$$   prove that $f(x) = 1$ for some $x ∈ [0, 1]$   The question asks to take into account Rolle's Theorem and Mean Value Theorem.  I'm aware of the definitions, but I am really unsure how to answer this question and my tutors are not really responding till after easter.    Could someone please help? Why is there a "y" involved?  Thanks you I haven't used regular expressions at all, so I'm having difficulty troubleshooting. I want the regex to match only when the contained string is all numbers; but with the two examples below it is matching a string that contains all numbers plus an equals sign like "1234=4321". I'm sure there's a way to change this behavior, but as I said, I've never really done much with regular expressions.  string compare = "1234=4321"; Regex regex = new Regex(@"[\d]");  if (regex.IsMatch(compare)) {      //true }  regex = new Regex("[0-9]");  if (regex.IsMatch(compare)) {      //true }   In case it matters, I'm using C# and .NET2.0. What is the sponsored party called? Google results for sponsee have scattered definitions in unreliable sources, so it does not appear that is a real word. I'm looking for something similar, a single word.  The specific context is a social group membership application where new members must be sponsored (as in definition 2, here - "one who assumes responsibility for some other person or thing") by existing members. I am looking for a single word to describe the target of such a sponsorship. I am about to sponsor a fraternity, but I would like to have a more general word for what I'm sponsoring. Next time, the fraternity could well be a study club, or something else.  Therefore, what is the sponsored party also called? E.g. if I sponsor somebody, that person is my __? What young adult SF book is about a boy saved by aliens and domed colonies? How to set font to Arial throughout the entire document? In preamble, I have:  \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \usepackage{arial}   but it doesn't work.  How do I set my font to Arial throughout the entire document?  UPDATE:  In short, both answers work.  It really depends on the environment. If using LaTeX and don't mind using a cloned font then choose Herbert's answer. If using XeLaTex and want to use the authentic font then choose Leo's. How to determine which app is causing vibration? I have a Moto G6 Play that vibrates like it is getting notifications but it's not. The vibration is inconsistent and seems random so I would like to know if there is a logcat or something I can run to log which app is calling the vibration so that I can shut it off? The same thing happens on my wife's phone, same model, and it does my head in. The device is running Android 9. Site blocked by content filter I run a large and high trafficked WordPress powered platform. One of my editors informed me that our site is blocked at his workspace as a "games site". They use WebCat to filter the traffic.  The issue here is that our platform is not a gaming site, although it does have a games category that covers news. And that is a very minor part of the site.  My question is, what can I do to unblock the site? How does WebCat work? Do they use a universal database to filter the traffic (meaning that the site is blocked on all workspace with WebCat) etc. Obviously they need to improve their filtering algorithm. Error when using endfloat with unicode characters I have a problem with the endfloat package and unicode characters.  When I compile the following, everything works as expected:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{graphicx}  \begin{document}  \begin{figure} \caption{Ö} \end{figure}  \end{document}   However, when I also load the endfloat package (\usepackage{endfloat}), I get the following error message:  ! Package inputenc Error: Unicode char \u8:ÖÖ not set up for use with LaTeX.   This could be a bug, but my suspicion is that I'm making a mistake somewhere.  I'm hardly the first person to use special characters with the endfloat package.  However, the above example is so simple, I don't see where I could have made a mistake.  Any advice is appreciated.  Edit: The file is of course encoded using utf-8. sum numbers in different lines in shell i have 8000 lines similar to this   &lt;Flow flowId="1" timeFirstTxPacket="+0.0ns" timeFirstRxPacket="+924100.0ns" timeLastTxPacket="+199984927558.0ns" timeLastRxPacket="+199675473275.0ns" delaySum="+2287566662167.0ns" jitterSum="+65280162191.0ns" lastDelay="+3511349483.0ns" txBytes="161956" rxBytes="116536" txPackets="3125" rxPackets="2251" lostPackets="640" timesForwarded="0"&gt;   and what i need to do is summing rxPackets in each line together and txPackets too   i mean total sum of them in 8000 lines  thanks in advance  &lt;Flow flowId="1" timeFirstTxPacket="+0.0ns" timeFirstRxPacket="+924100.0ns" timeLastTxPacket="+199984927558.0ns" timeLastRxPacket="+199675473275.0ns" delaySum="+2287566662167.0ns" jitterSum="+65280162191.0ns" lastDelay="+3511349483.0ns" txBytes="161956" rxBytes="116536" txPackets="3125" rxPackets="2251" lostPackets="640" timesForwarded="0"&gt;  &lt;Flow flowId="2" timeFirstTxPacket="+3000000.0ns" timeFirstRxPacket="+3254190.0ns" timeLastTxPacket="+199988489445.0ns" timeLastRxPacket="+199631899307.0ns" delaySum="+12081144328484.0ns" jitterSum="+105606015634.0ns" lastDelay="+9407845452.0ns" txBytes="251896" rxBytes="124840" txPackets="4867" rxPackets="2413" lostPackets="1757" timesForwarded="0"&gt;  &lt;Flow flowId="3" timeFirstTxPacket="+4000000.0ns" timeFirstRxPacket="+4254098.0ns" timeLastTxPacket="+199971756470.0ns" timeLastRxPacket="+198959480315.0ns" delaySum="+5150205600987.0ns" jitterSum="+74009967633.0ns" lastDelay="+9862217799.0ns" txBytes="163044" rxBytes="90532" txPackets="3150" rxPackets="1751" lostPackets="1013" timesForwarded="0"&gt;