I'm trying to improve my knowledge in all Ubuntu environments, searching and learning how to write bash and python scripts to customize my Bionic Beaver machine.  I therefore would like to know how to change the pinned applications in my dock via command line. I've found some similar questions here, but most of them were answered for old Ubuntu versions.  ,  and  describe the list I'm looking for would be stored at com.canonical.Unity.Launcher favorites, however I couldn't find this schema searching through dconf-editor.  Do someone has a clue where could I find it at Ubuntu 18.04 Bionic Beaver? Or perhaps some other way to manage this list via command line?
I have a custom .desktop file: [Desktop Entry] Type=Application Terminal=false Icon[en_US]=/home/alex/bin/idea-IC-173.4127.27/bin/idea.png Name[en_US]=IntelliJ Exec=/home/alex/bin/idea-IC-173.4127.27/bin/idea.sh Name=IntelliJ Icon=/home/alex/bin/idea-IC-173.4127.27/bin/idea.png  Output of ls -lha .local/share/applications/intellij.desktop: -rwx--x--x 1 alex alex 248 Dez 30 10:54 .local/share/applications/intellij.desktop  Answers posted to a previous question () don't work for me. I can find this launcher in Activities and I can double click on that file and IntelliJ will start. Nevertheless, I cannot add this launcher as a favorite to the dock. The option does not show up.
Here's my proof in my own words, does it stack up?   Showing $A$ is complete implies $A$ is closed. Let $(x_n)$ be a convergent sequence in $A$. $A$ is complete $\implies (x_n) \to p \in A$. Hence $A$ is closed. Showing $A$ is closed $\implies$ $A$ is complete. Let $(x_n)$ be a convergent sequence in $A$. $A$ is closed $\implies (x_n) \to p \in A$. As every convergent sequence is a Cauchy sequence, $(x_n)$ is a Cauchy sequence in $A$ that converges to $p \in A$ and hence $A$ is complete.   That sound ok?  As an aside, it seems to me that the definition of completeness and closed are basically identical, why are there two definitions for the same thing? Am I missing something here? Radius of Convergence of power series of Complex Analysis I have come across the following few questions on past exams papers.. I know how to solve these type when it is of the form $a_nz^n$ but don't have a clue what to do with these. Any help would be greatly appreciated!  (i) $\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^\infty \bigg(\dfrac{1}{2n}\bigg)z^{3n}$.  (ii) $\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^\infty(2^n+i)(z-i)^n$.  (iii) Show that the radius of convergence of $\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^\infty z^{n!}$ is $1$ and that there are infinitely many $z \in \mathbb{C}$ with $|z|=1$ for which the series diverges. Transferring Lyx Keyboard Shortcuts I recently updated my version of Lyx from 1.6.7 to 2.0.6. I would like to transfer my old keyboard shortcuts to this new version, but I am having difficulty because I was inconsistent with the way that I set them up:   Some were defined in the specified .bind file,  but others were modified in the lyx preferences menu.   I found that when importing my old .bind file into this updated version of lyx, it imported the keyboard shortcuts that were in the .bind file, but not those that I had added in the preferences menu.  Does anyone know if these keyboard shortcuts that were added via the preferences menu are stored in another .bind file somewhere in the lyx directory? Has anyone else successfully transferred keyboard shortcuts that had been implimented in the preferences menu? Understanding Bash's Read-a-File Command Substitution I am trying to understand how exactly Bash treats the following line:  $(&lt; "$FILE")   According to the Bash man page, this is equivalent to:  $(cat "$FILE")   and I can follow the line of reasoning for this second line. Bash performs variable expansion on $FILE, enters command substitution, passes the value of $FILE to cat, cat outputs the contents of $FILE to standard output, command substitution finishes by replacing the entire line with the standard output resulting from the command inside, and Bash attempts to execute it like a simple command.  However, for the first line I mentioned above, I understand it as: Bash performs variable substitution on $FILE, Bash opens $FILE for reading on standard input, somehow standard input is copied to standard output, command substitution finishes, and Bash attempts to execute the resulting standard output.  Can someone please explain to me how the contents of $FILE goes from stdin to stdout? What are some good tips on how to extrude text in Adobe Illustrator? I'm bit of a newbie in Adobe Illustrator and have been learning the application by trying to follow some tutorials and recreating some cool stuff I come across on the web.   That being said, I'm having trouble replicating the effect found in the following image using the standard 'Extrude &amp; Bevel' options. I've also tried copying + pasting the text in front, back, in place and that came out even more horrendous. 'Extrude &amp; Bevel' gives me a nice approximation but nothing that pops out like in the example.   Any tips on how to fine tune my 'Extrude &amp; Bevel' settings or an entirely different method of achieving a similar effect would be very much appreciated. Thanks for your time and help!  How can I create a 3D effect on my text similar to the one in the following image, using Illustrator's Extrude and Bevel tools? I have 2 storage devices; classical slow HDD (750GB, /dev/sda) and faster SSD (128GB, /dev/sdb). Currently I have installed Ubuntu &amp; Mint on same btrfs partition on SSD (/dev/sdb5). My btrfs pool consists of /dev/sdb5.  What I want to achieve is data replication on HDD while keeping SSD performance: Something like this:  For read case it would be ideal for procedure to go like this:   read from SSD check checksum if it verifies.. awesome, give me the data if not, fetch data from HDD and perform error correction through duplicate data   I'd manually run (some tool I'm not sure which one... btrfs check --repair perhaps?) every month or so to check HDD checksums and correct them via SSD data against bitrot.  For write case:   write to SSD sync to HDD when write requirements are low, thus not slowing down the system.   Is this possible and how would I do it?  Bottom line is, I like btrfs and would like it to duplicate data across HDD &amp; SSD drive automatically while keeping SSD excellent performance.   Using SSD as write cache is not an option since it's missing data duplication and security. I am trying to prove the following:  In $C[0,1]$ the functions that preserve the rationals (i.e. $f(\mathbb{Q})\subseteq \mathbb{Q}$) are dense.  So far, I have not made much progress- I am aware that $A$ is dense in $B$ iff $A$ has non-empty intersection with each open set $U$ in $B$ but am not sure how to apply this definition. I have also thought about showing that the closure of $X$ (where $X$ is the set of functions that preserve the rationals) is equal to $C[0,1]$ by a double-inclusion proof but I have also made no progress with this approach. Am I on the right track or should I change my approach? How can we define convexity in one dimension? Definition of a convex set: A set $S\subset\mathbb R^n$ is said to be convex if for each $x_1, x_2\in S$ the line segment $\lambda x_1 + (1-\lambda)x_2$ for $\lambda\in (0,1)$ belongs to $S$. This says that all points on the line connecting two points in the set are in the set. My question is: how can we define convexity in one dimension? Why is plain-hash-then-encrypt not a secure MAC? What to do when visa admission expires during lockdown? I was admitted to the US as a visitor for a period which expires soon.  Until tonight, I had solid plans to return to Europe soon, prior to the expiration of the visa entry, but that is no longer an option.  I do not wish to overstay or do anything that would cause problems with future admissions or visa applications.  However, I can't go back to Europe because of new travel restrictions put in place by the US government (/resulting flight cancellations).    My passport still has years of validity left.  What is the best course of action? Is there any official guidance on this subject?  I am a little concerned that contacting officials to explain the situation would just lead me to be flagged for prompt enforcement action, but I don't want future problems.    Related:  and .    Update: OP now planning an escape to Canada.  The question still stands, though. fontawesome and pdflatex When using pdflatex and the fontawesome package the below error shows up.   !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! Fatal fontspec error: "cannot-use-pdftex" !  ! The fontspec package requires either XeTeX or LuaTeX to function. !  ! You must change your typesetting engine to, e.g., "xelatex" or "lualatex" ! instead of plain "latex" or "pdflatex". !  ! See the fontspec documentation for further information. !  ! For immediate help type H &lt;return&gt;. !...............................................     Wish to keep on using "pdflatex" instead of "xelatex" or "lualatex".   In fontawesome Version 4.4.0 manual it says "When using the (pdf)(LA)TEX engine, the fontawesome package doesn’t require any external package".  Tried solutions proposed for this question () without success.   MWE:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{fontawesome} \begin{document} {\faAdjust} \end{document} Changing sfdc header and footer without creating new VF pages I need to change the header and footer of standard salesforce pages (sfdc pages) with a custom CSS that I have. Now I am not sure if this is a customer portal (it is probably not). I searched and found out it can be done by changing the Self-Service as given in the following link:   However the problem is when I go to Name | Setup | Customize | Self-Service, I do not see the Self-Service Portal - Settings anywhere (as given in the step 1 of the link). Instead there are two options, 1) Public Solutions 2) Web-to-Case.  Basically what I want is to replace the Blue header and footer of the salesforce standard pages with the CSS given to me. The changes will be in actual org.  Any guesses on how to go ahead with this? This works as expected:  $ echo a b c | xargs --replace="{}" echo x "{}" y x a b c y   This does too:  $ echo a b c | xargs --max-args=1 echo x x a x b x c   But this doesn't work as expected:  $ echo a b c | xargs --max-args=1 --replace="{}" echo x "{}" y x a b c y   And neither does this:  $ echo a b c | xargs --delimiter=' ' --max-args=1 --replace="{}" echo x "{}" y x a y x b y x c  y   I expected this output:  x a y x b y x c y   As a workaround, I am using printf and two xargs, but that is ugly:  $ echo a b c | xargs printf '%s\0' | \ &gt; xargs --null --max-args=1 --replace="{}" echo x "{}" y x a y x b y x c y   Any idea why this is happening? No sound and flash videos play super fast after daily update I just updated my 11.10 Ubuntu from the regular auto updater. After I restarted my laptop I have no sound and the videos in YouTube (and other websites) play super fast.  Not sure if it has something to do with the case, but since last night I get hd0 out of disk error before the grub screen and on the login screen I have some delay before I can type my password. In the console I see errors like these: status: {DRDY err}.  I could say the errors have something to do with the sound problem and the flash player, but if this happened when I got the hd0 error, not now after the regular daily update.  Here is the update history log from /var/log/apt/history.log   Start-Date: 2012-04-03  10:04:39  Commandline: aptdaemon role='role-commit-packages' sender=':1.71' Upgrade: python-aptdaemon.gtkwidgets:amd64 (0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1, 0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1.2),  libvlc5:amd64 (2.0.1+git20120329+r134-0~r35~oneiric1, 2.0.1+git20120402+r146-0~r36~oneiric1),  python-aptdaemon:amd64 (0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1, 0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1.2),  vlc-nox:amd64 (2.0.1+git20120329+r134-0~r35~oneiric1, 2.0.1+git20120402+r146-0~r36~oneiric1),  vlc-plugin-notify:amd64 (2.0.1+git20120329+r134-0~r35~oneiric1, 2.0.1+git20120402+r146-0~r36~oneiric1),  aptdaemon:amd64 (0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1, 0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1.2),  python-aptdaemon-gtk:amd64 (0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1, 0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1.2),  vlc:amd64 (2.0.1+git20120329+r134-0~r35~oneiric1, 2.0.1+git20120402+r146-0~r36~oneiric1),  aptdaemon-data:amd64 (0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1, 0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1.2),  vlc-data:amd64 (2.0.1+git20120329+r134-0~r35~oneiric1, 2.0.1+git20120402+r146-0~r36~oneiric1),   python-aptdaemon.gtk3widgets:amd64, 0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1,0.43+bzr697-0ubuntu1.2),  libvlccore5:amd64 (2.0.1+git20120329+r134-0~r35~oneiric1, 2.0.1+git20120402+r146-0~r36~oneiric1),  vlc-plugin-pulse:amd64 (2.0.1+git20120329+r134-0~r35~oneiric1, 2.0.1+git20120402+r146-0~r36~oneiric1) End-Date: 2012-04-03  10:05:15 I'd like to find a Windows batch counterpart to Bash's $@ that holds a list of all arguments passed into a script.   Or I have to bother with shift? I have a particular situation here, In March of 1997 I travelled to the US as a tourist and lived there illegally for almost 9 years. I was never arrested, or had any trouble with the law, I was never deported. I paid my taxed (had a TFN) had a job, bank account bought a house, etc. About 9 years ago I decided to leave as I was tired of living like that, not able to be legal, in fear of deportation and loosing everything. I also got married (to a person in the exact situation as me) we were able to legally migrate to Australia and now we are Australian citizens. We never returned our I-94s and in 2005 left through Mexico (walked through the border) so there are no records of us ever leaving. We have lived here in Australia for over 9 years.  OK so my question is... We have been thinking we would like to visit our friends and family back in the US now that we have a little girl. Is there any chance they won't let us in because they know we overstayed? We would be travelling with our Australian passports. My friend and I have been wracking our heads with this one for the past 3 hours... We have 2 point masses, $m$ and $M$ in a perfect world separated by radius r.  Starting from rest, they both begin to accelerate towards each other. So we have the gravitational force between them as:  $$F_g ~=~ G\frac{Mm}{r^2}$$  How do we find out at what time they will collide?  What we're having trouble with is this function being a function of $r$, but I have suspected it as actually a function of $t$ due to the units of $G$ being $N(m/kg)^2$.  I've tried taking a number of integrals, which haven't really yielded anything useful.  Any guidance?  No, this is not an actual homework problem, we're just 2 math/physics/computer people who are very bored at work :) Mapping Russia - Int'l dateline splitting polygon How to solve "sudo: /etc/sudoers.d is world writable" Shortcut for toggling between different windows of same app? I opened two Google Chrome windows (because I am using multiple Gmails) and when I do the Cmd ⌘ Tab ⇥ shortcut it just shows me other applications that I opened but does not show me the other Chrome windows that are already opened.  How to switch to the other Google Chrome window that I opened using keyboard shortcut?