How do I increase the spacing between the numbering and the text in the table of contents? Note that I am using the article class and use \addcontentsline{toc}.    Code:  \documentclass[12pt]{article}  \newcounter{chapternum} \newcounter{examplenum}  \newcommand{\example}{\stepcounter{examplenum} \noindent{\large{\color{Red}{Example \theexamplenum: }}}\addcontentsline{toc}{subsubsection}{Example \theexamplenum}} \renewcommand\thesection{\thechapternum.\arabic{section}} \renewcommand\thesubsection{\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}  \begin{document} \stepcounter{chapternum}  \tableofcontents %Ignore the page numbers; the picture is a screenshot from my document and this code is a MWE.  \section{Sets}  \subsection{Introduction to Sets}  \subsection{Union and Intersection}  \example  \subsection{Special Sets}  \subsection{Interval Notation}  \example  \end{document}
Following minimal document:  \documentclass{report}  \begin{document} \renewcommand*\thechapter{\Roman{chapter}} \tableofcontents \setcounter{chapter}{6} % Problem starts at chapter 7 \chapter{Seven} \chapter{Eight} \section{Eight-one} \section{Eight-two} \end{document}   yields this output (cut to size for your convenience):    Clearly, the chapter (and section) headings hang into the chapter (section) numbers. For the previous chapter numbers, this isn’t a problem since all chapter titles are aligned to the same column and the numbers I–VI are sufficiently narrow.  (The same happens regardless of document type, I’m actually using scrreprt with the same result.)  How can I prevent this?
It appears that in PHP objects are passed by reference. Even assignment operators do not appear to be creating a copy of the Object.  Here's a simple, contrived proof:  &lt;?php  class A {     public $b; }   function set_b($obj) { $obj-&gt;b = "after"; }  $a = new A(); $a-&gt;b = "before"; $c = $a; //i would especially expect this to create a copy.  set_b($a);  print $a-&gt;b; //i would expect this to show 'before' print $c-&gt;b; //i would ESPECIALLY expect this to show 'before'  ?&gt;   In both print cases I am getting 'after'  So, how do I pass $a to set_b() by value, not by reference? What is the "Bootable flag" option when installing a distro? Is the "bootable flag" needed in today's distributions? If not, then why is it still in the installers? What is it exactly? modular arithmetic, solving $ax + b \equiv c \pmod d$? For example $151x - 294\equiv 44\pmod 7 $. How would I go about solving that?  The answer says to simplify it into the $ax\equiv b\pmod c $ form first, but I have no clue on how to get rid of the $294$... help? How can magnets be used to pick up pieces of metal when the force from a magnetic field does no work? Prove $n-m \mid n^r - m^r\,$ [Factor Theorem, monomial case] In respect to a larger proof I need to prove that $(n-m) \mid (n^r - m^r) $ (where $\mid$ means divides, i.e., $a \mid b$ means that $b$ modulus $a$ = $0$). I have played around with this for a while now but to no avail and would be grateful if you could help me. PS1='$(pwd)' why this works and why is this different from PS1=$(pwd) Why when I enter this command the prompt changes to my directory?  PS1='$(pwd)'   I am using single quotes, which means no interpolation , a.k.a echo '$(pwd)' ——→ $(pwd)  Furthermore, say that we clarified why this works... why is it functioning differently from PS1=$(pwd) ? (no quotes at all)  By different I mean that if I use the quotes then the prompt will keep changing to my current directory as I navigate through the terminal. But if I don't use quotes, then the prompt will always remain the directory that I was in when I first entered the command PS1=$(pwd)  why? A person who speaks kindly. Sometimes she might be hard, but fair.   What is an adjective to describe such person? I recently installed Ubuntu 18.04 and I'm not keen on the desktop environment. I want the desktop env. I used to have in Ubuntu 14.04. How can I get it?  I've attempted to use , but when I try to install the Unity's 7.2.5 version using the command:  apt install unity=7.2.5   it gives me   E: Version '7.2.5' for 'unity' was not found   For sure I need to add a PPA for this, but which one!? How do I manage double-faced cards in Innistrad (MTG) tournament play? Change the location of .bashrc Is it possible to change the location of .bashrc from /home/orhanc/.bashrc to some other directory? Compiling documents online I have heard rumors that you can compile documents online, and more specifically that Google has a free online compiler, but I have never been able to find any. Is there a way to compile documents online, so that I can write and compile documents even if I don't have a TeX distribution installed on my computer? How do we know the brain flips images projected on the retina back around? How is The Wall bypassed? In the first series of the TV show several things apparently bypass  to reach Winterfell:   The Night's Watch member  captured near Winterfell and executed by Ned. The Direwolf &amp; her pups found immediately after the execution  and the other Wildlings travelling with her   If The Wall is approximately the same along its length it would presumably be impassible. Is the only option for them to go around the western end (since it stops at the Shadow Tower)? Is this clarified in the book? Are other methods mentioned in subsequent books? Partition a set into subsets of size $k$ When I learned about the Minkowski Space and it's coordinates, it was explained such that the metric turns out to be $$ ds^{2} = -(c^{2}dx^{0})^{2} +(dx^{1})^{2} + (dx^{2})^{2} + (dx^{3})^{2}   $$ where $ x^0,x^1,x^2,x^3 $ come from $ x^{\mu} : \mu = 0,1,2,3 $, and $ c $ is the speed of light. The first resource I had access to--I have to do a bit of digging for the exact paper--of course addressed that this invariant takes the tensor form: $$ ds^2 = g_{\mu \nu}dx^{\mu}dx^{\nu} $$ as well. This two things I've seen in all of my texts and online resources regarding resources. The element in question that varies between authors, is the time coordinate, $ x^0 $. When it was first explained to me, it was using the standard Cartesian representation for the spatial portion of the coordinates, and the time coordinate was labeled as $ x^0 = ict $. Squaring gives $ (x^0)^2 = -c^2t^2 $, and applying differential calculus, we get $ (dx^0)^2 = -c^2dt^2 $. Sensible and expected to have the tensor formula spit out the Minkowski Metric. The author then later explicitly states the coordinates are $ x^0 = ict, x^1=x,x^2=y,$ and $x^3 = z$.  My questions is then, why is it most authors on the subject omit the imaginary unit on the time coordinate? For example, .   The only reason I can fathom omission is if the author is using metric signature $ [+,-,-,-] $, where I started off learning the theory with signature $ [-,+,+,+] $ which may be the reason seeing the time coord with no imaginary unit seems dissonant to me. All help appreciated!  Edit: After reading the other answers, my questions is now one of why and how (mathematically) do we obtain the Minkowski Metric Signature. More specifically the one element with a different sign. Import error when opening empty notebook The space $C^0([0;1],\mathbb{R})$ of all continuous, real-valued functions on $[0,1]$ is not reflexive. Cannot open adobe reader on Ubuntu 12.10 64bits Generalized Tube Lemma Let $f$ be a bounded measurable function on a set of finite measure $E$.  For a measurable subset $A$ of $E$, show that $\int_A f = \int_E f \cdot \chi_A$     Lemma: Let $f$ be a bounded measurable function on a set of finite measure $E$.  Suppose $A$ and $B$ are disjoint measurable subsets of $E$.  Then $\int_{A \cup B} f = \int_A f + \int_B f$.   My first approach was to view the problem like this utilizing the above lemma:  $$\int_E  f \cdot \chi_A = \int_{E\setminus A} f \cdot X_A + \int_A f \cdot \chi_A $$  I'm not really sure how the result follows from the above.