All names below are created and do not refer to any specific users or SE sites. In the early days, when user W participated in SE site X, user W gained lots of &quot;reputation&quot; by plagiarising others' answers to answer similar questions; most were copied verbatim. W later got caught by various users and moderators. W was such much into reputation they later formed a group of friends to vote for each other. W then got caught and suspended for one year. W came back. W learned the lesson that voting groups are likely to be detected. W then created careful sockpuppets to upvote 1 or 2 of their posts every few days. Several years later, W was finally caught again and suspended for another one year due to voting irregularities. W then came back. And again, W is becoming more careful. Yet, a few months later, this user got suspended again for a few days because of voting irregularities. How many voting irregularities do we tolerate? Would the community managers consider giving such users a permanent suspension?
I just noticed that I lost a bunch of points from my reputation score, and I used the "reputation" tab on my user profile page to try and track down the cause.  During my investigation, I noticed there was an unusual event of type "reversal". In the normal place of a question title, it says "voting corrected".     What does this mean, and what caused it?  Did I do something wrong? Why did I lose all of that reputation? Is the system punishing me for leaving too many good answers?  Is there any way to earn it back?
Every increasing function from a certain set to itself has at least one fixed point It looks like if I load dynamic content using $.get(), the result is cached in browser.  Adding some random string in QueryString seems to solve this issue (I use new Date().toString()), but this feels like a hack.   Is there any other way to achieve this? Or, if unique string is the only way to achieve this, any suggestions other than new Date()? I know that there is a simple way to shutdown the computer in command prompt, but is it possible to do system updates and then shutdown the computer in command prompt?   For example, when Vista needs to install updates, it will let me install them and shut down by clicking the Shut Down button (while relegating the normal shut down button into the menu). So is there a command to do this in command prompt? What are the left and right ideals of matrix ring? How about the two sided ideals? What are the left and right ideals of matrix ring? How about the two sided ideals? Uncommitted work pending in unit test with trigger and queueable callout I have an after insert trigger that invokes queueable Apex which makes a callout.  The trigger and callout work fine in the UI and I don't get any errors in normal operation.  However, my unit test keeps failing with the "uncommitted work pending" error despite all my attempts to separate the callout.  I've used a testVisible variable to disable the callout from the trigger so that I can invoke the queueable job explicitly in a startTest/stopTest block after the DML that fires the trigger.  I've pored over the callout class to make sure it's not doing any DML beforehand.  Anyway, if it was doing DML, I should get the uncommitted work pending errors in the UI, right?  I've tried API version 37 and version 41 but the unit test still fails.   I've had a case open with Salesforce premier support for 6 weeks now but haven't made any progress.  Any suggestions?  The unit test:  @isTest static void testCallout() {     // Disable the callout while setting up data.     CCx_EHR_CMCT_Services.isQueueSendEnabled = false;      // Set up the data and execute the DML.     / ...     insert act;      // Set up the http mock     // ...      // Now enable and execute the callout     Test.startTest();     CCx_EHR_CMCT_Services.isQueueSendEnabled = true;     Test.setMock(HttpCalloutMock.class, mock);     System.enqueueJob(new QueueSendToRedox(new List&lt;ActivityHL__c&gt;{act}, desk)));     Test.stopTest();  }   Trigger:  trigger HL_ActivityHL_c on ActivityHL__c (before insert, before update, after insert) {     if (Trigger.isAfter) {         if (Trigger.isInsert) {             CCx_ClientDataDomain.sendEHRClinicalComm(Trigger.new);         }     } }   Trigger handler class:  public without sharing class CCx_ClientDataDomain {     public static void sendEHRClinicalComm(List&lt;ActivityHL__c&gt; triggerNew) {     // do some processing here.     // ...     // then queue the callout job.     System.enqueueJob(new CCx_EHR_CMCT_Services.QueueSendToRedox(             deskActivities.get((Id) desk.getDeskId()), desk));     } }   Queueable job class with callout method:  public with sharing class CCx_EHR_CMCT_Services {     // isQueueSendEnabled is an attempted workaround for unit tests     @testVisible     private static Boolean isQueueSendEnabled = true;      public class QueueSendToRedox implements Queueable, Database.AllowsCallouts {         private List&lt;ActivityHL__c&gt; activities;         private CCx_DeskHierarchySelector.Desk desk;         private Boolean isEnabled;          public QueueSendToRedox(List&lt;ActivityHL__c&gt; activities, CCx_DeskHierarchySelector.Desk desk) {             this.activities = activities;             this.desk = desk;             this.isEnabled = isQueueSendEnabled;         }          public void execute (QueueableContext context) {             if(this.isEnabled) sendClinicalCommToRedox(activities, desk);         }     }      public static void sendClinicalCommToRedox(List&lt;ActivityHL__c&gt; activities, CCx_DeskHierarchySelector.Desk desk) {         // Set up data for the callout.  No DML actions are executed before the callout.         HttpRequest req = buildRequest();         // ...          // Callout         Http http = new Http();         HttpResponse resp = http.send(req);     } } Let $G$ be an abelian group of order n.   Let $\mathbb{C}^*$ be the multiplicative group of non-zero complex numbers, and suppose $f:G \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^*$ is a homomorphism. Prove that $\sum_{g \in G} f(g) = 0$ or $\sum_{g \in G} f(g) = n$.  I can prove this for cyclic groups but am unable to generalise to all abelian groups. Construct ideals in $\mathbb Z[x]$ with a given least number of generators Baby Rudin Theorem 1.20 (b) Proof I have a question about Rudin's proof of Theorem 1.20 (b) in his book Principles of Mathematical Analysis.  Theorem 1.20 is stated as follows:     (a) If $x\in R, y\in R$, and $x&gt;0$, then there is a positive integer $n$ such that $$nx&gt;y.$$   (b) If $x\in R, y\in R$, and $x&lt;y$, then there exists a $p\in Q$ such that $x&lt;p&lt;y$.     I understand Rudin's proof of (a).  The beginning of Rudin's proof of (b) is given below:     Since $x&lt;y$, we have $y-x&gt;0$, and (a) furnishes a positive integer $n$ such that $$n(y-x)&gt;1.$$  Apply (a) again, to obtain positive integers $m_1$ and $m_2$ such that $m_1&gt;nx$, $m_2&gt;-nx$.  Then $$-m_2&lt;nx&lt;m_1.$$  Hence there is an integer $m$ (with $-m_2\leq m\leq m_1$) such that $$m-1\leq nx&lt;m.$$   I don't understand the justification for this last sentence beginning "Hence...."  How is $m$ found, and why are $m_1$ and $m_2$ needed to find $m$? TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface How do I delete one of two Ubuntus on my PC Fast way of finding lines in one file that are not in another? When trying to deploy the converted metadata using VS code sfdx force:mdapi:deploy deploy to my Production Org and I get the error Property 'itemInstances' not valid in version 48.0 and Property 'processOrder' not valid in version 48.0. But when I go to Developer Console and open a class, even though it says 48.0, I have the option to select 49.0, so I am assuming I have 49.0. Yet I get this error. Pretty much all my classes, trigger and components are version 48.0, but I am not sure how that affects flexipages and Approval processes. Can anyone please tell me whether the following function $d:\mathbb{R}^2 \times \mathbb{R}^2 \to  \mathbb{R}$ is really a metric or not on $\mathbb{R}^2$.  $$ d((x_1,x_2),(y_1,y_2))= \begin{cases} |x_1-y_1|, &amp;\text{ if } x_2=y_2\\ |x_1|+|y_1|+|x_2-y_2|, &amp;\text{ if } x_2 \neq y_2. \end{cases} $$  If it really is indeed a metric, please give the proof of triangle inequality.(I'm OK with the other two conditions). I have now enough reputation points on Stack Overflow to edit every post directly. But sometimes (especially if this is about a field where I'm not savvy, or when I try to edit a question title without having understood the question itself) I might be not totally sure about whether my edit really is an improvement.  For now, I have these options:   Do the edit anyway, hope that someone else will catch it if it is wrong Don't do the edit, and hope that someone else will see this post and edit it in the right way Let a comment and hope that someone will see it (either after editing or instead of it). Flag the post for moderator attention (but will the moderators know it better?) Search the right chat room to find someone who knows more about the topic.   All these are not really optimal, I think.  I would like to have a check box     [_] Submit this edit for approval   which, when checked, would submit the edit into the usual edit approval queue. Then I would get at least one or two other pairs of eyes looking over my edit, and maybe even improving it.  (I don't really care about the +2 reputation for the edit - I think it should be without any reputation difference here.)  There's an  for nearly giving everyone the ability to suggest edits that the post owner can approve, but I'm simply interested in being able to insert them into the general edit queue where anyone can approve them.  Actually, I could do this right now by having a low-reputation sock puppet (or a totally anonymous edit), but I think this is not the intended use for sock puppets, is it? Also, I would like to be able to get feedback for my edit. Get next / previous element using JavaScript? TikZ or cryptocode package for cryptographic protocol diagrams I found this odd relationship, $x^2 = \sum_\limits{k = 0}^{x-1} (2k + 1)$. How are unbalanced forces even possible, given Newton's 3rd law? Advanced statistics books recommendation There are several threads on this site for book recommendations on  and  but I am looking for a text on advanced statistics including, in order of priority: maximum likelihood, generalized linear models, principal component analysis, non-linear models. I've tried  by A.C. Davison but frankly I had to put it down after 2 chapters. The text is encyclopedic in its coverage and mathematical treats but, as a practitioner, I like to approach subjects by understanding the intuition first, and then delve into the mathematical background.   These are some texts that I consider outstanding for their pedagogical value. I would like to find an equivalent for the more advanced subjects I mentioned.   , D. Freedman, R. Pisani, R. Purves. , R. Hyndman et al. , T. Z. Keith , Rand R. Wilcox , Gareth James, Daniela Witten, Trevor Hastie and Robert Tibshirani , Hastie, Tibshirani and Friedman (2009) How to install Blender from the official website I installed Blender from official Ubuntu repository but its version is always behind the version available from the official Blender website.  I'm aware that I can launch the program within the downloaded folder, but i want to replace the install version with a new version downloaded from the website?   It must be present in the unity launcher.  I'm also aware of the available PPA's that are available, however I just want to install Blender manually.  Thanks in advance