It is customary in big works like books or user manuals to split content in several separate files and \include them in the main document: usually each file contains a chapter, an appendix or more generally a unit of text which not nested in any of the remaining others. I tried to extend the use since, writing a user manual of a complex system, I have several parts which remains unchanged even for different systems and thus different manuals: therefore I tried and succeed in including single paragraphs or groups of such sections/subsections, which are naturally nested inside a single chapter, in the sense that the index numbering so generated is more than correct. However, as Mittelbach and Gossens say at page 19 of "The LaTeX Companion" (2nd ed.),     Note that each document part loaded via \include starts on a new page and finishes by calling \clearpage; thus, floats contained therein will not move outside the pages produced by this part. So natural candidates for \include are whole chapters of a book but not necessarily small fractions of text.   I would like to know if there is a way to inhibit this behavior, namely to avoid that chosen parts included with \include will start on a new page.
There are two different commands to incorporate another file into the source of some document, \input and \include. When should I use one or the other? What are the differences between them? Are there more things like them to be aware of?
How do I list the default installed packages? I am developing an offline installer for all versions of Ubuntu, and I need Ubuntu's default installed packages list. Is there a way to get this information from any server (web server)? Any script to fetch any Ubuntu version's default installed packages list.  I will give the Ubuntu version, and the script will fetch the packages list.  Note: I need at least a server address. I can write a script for this. How do you remove the ability for a user to make a comment or post on a page? I am building a new website on Wordpress, and all my pages have the add comment box at the bottom. I wish fo rthis to be removed from pages such as Home, Contact Us, About etc etc, but want it to remain on the blogs and galleries.  I have read  but do not really understand what this means to do. is there an easier way to do it. I do not have  under Settings -> Discussions. How to make a file (e.g. a .sh script) executable, so it can be run from a terminal I have a script.sh file and type of this file is shellscript file. I want to make this file as application/x-executable file. How can I make it? Are we inside a black hole? I was surprised to only recently notice that      An object of any density can be large enough to fall within its own   Schwarzschild radius.   Of course! It turns out that supermassive black holes at galactic centers can have an average density of less than water's.  Somehow I always operated under the assumption that black holes of any size had to be superdense objects by everyday standards.  Compare the Earth to collapsing into a mere 9mm marble retaining the same mass, in order for the escape velocity at the surface to finally reach that of light.  Or Mt. Everest packed into one nanometer.  Reading on about this , it increases proportionally with total mass.  Assuming matter is accumulated at a steady density into a spherical volume, the volume's radius will only "grow" at a cube root of the total volume and be quickly outpaced by its own gravitational radius.  Question: For an object the , what would have to be its diameter for it to qualify as a black hole (from an external point of view)?  Would this not imply by definition that:   The Earth, Solar system and Milky Way are conceivably inside this black hole? Black holes can be nested/be contained within larger ones? Whether something is a black hole or not is actually a matter of perspective/where the observer is, inside or outside? The site description in the hero header is wrong for Meta sites The hero header contains the same description for the Main and Meta sites. Here's the one for MSO:           Meta Stack Overflow is a question and answer site for professional and enthusiast programmers. Join them; it only takes a minute:    This can easily confuse people who are new to the network, so I feel this should be changed to something Meta specific. Perhaps re-use the text from the sidebar, that has a good description:     This site is intended for bugs, features, and discussion of Stack Overflow and the software that powers it. You must have an account on Stack Overflow to participate. Problem with sudo apt update in Ubuntu 18.04: Post-Invoke-Success if /usr/bin/test -w /var/lib/command-not-found/ The terminal gave me these errors when updating the software with sudo apt update.    Hit:1 http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease Hit:2 http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease                                                                                        Hit:3 http://it.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease                                                                                      Hit:4 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease                                      Hit:5 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease                 Traceback (most recent call last):                       File "/usr/lib/cnf-update-db", line 8, in &lt;module&gt;     from CommandNotFound.db.creator import DbCreator ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'CommandNotFound' Reading packages list... Done E: Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success     'if /usr/bin/test -w /var/lib/command-not-found/ -a -e /usr/lib/cnf-update-db;       then /usr/lib/cnf-update-db &gt; /dev/null; fi'   E: Sub-process returned an error code     These are the results of sudo apt install --reinstall command-not-found  Reading package lists... Done  Building dependency tree         Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/5.188 B of archives After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used. (Reading the database ... 225797 files and directories currently installed.) Preparations for extracting ... / command-not-found_18.04.4_all.deb ... Extracting command-not-found (18.04.4) on (18.04.4) ... Configuring command-not-found (18.04.4) ... libdvd-pkg: Package libdvdcss2-1.4.2-1 was removed, stop processing...   When I tried the command sudo apt update again after reinstalling command-not-found, the results were the same as described in the first text block. I have a 230 Gigs HDD on my laptop, i have 50 gigs extended for my linux, i have 80 gigs empty ntfs partition, and 100 gigs ntfs partition where i store all my important data, (i have about 50 gigs of important things) today i mounted the 100 gigs partition took something from it, unmounted it back, and then when i mounted it again it was EMPTY !!! all the data is gone !!!! i used to mount it via the terminal : sudo mount ntfs /dev/sda5 /media/E where E is a dir that i make (when i make it i change the permissions of media to 777 then after creating the dir, i change it back to normal)  Guys you cant imagine how much this data is important to me, Plz HelP,  thnx in advance Show that the set of polynomials with rational coefficients is countable. Standard Visitor visa refusal (Deception, V3.6(b)) and procedure for reapplying My mother acquired a criminal record in UK in 2010 when she was given a conditional discharge for 12 months and charged £85. This time while applying the on-line applications for her, I accidentally missed the criminal records column and replied "NO". The visa was refused with appeal and administrative review not allowed.  Can someone please suggest my next course of action for reapplying for a visa  It is an extremely urgent family matter, and I want the visa as early as possible. While researching I found in a blog some mention of a forwarding letter while reapplying.  Can someone please enlighten me on the entire issue? read.csv warning 'EOF within quoted string' prevents complete reading of file Is hyperref really the best way to add metadata to a TeX file? So I know one of hyperref's features is that it can add metadata to you PDFs. This is a nice feature and if you're putting stuff online, it's good to include metadata.  But is the hyperref package really the best way to do it? I mean, if you're using hyperref anyway, that's fine. But if you don't want hyperrefs in your document, it seems weird to include the package, and then turn off pretty much all its functionality. And given that hyperref is a shorthand for "package conflict nightmare", is seems insane that you should have to deal with it just for the sake of some metadata.  So I have two questions.   Is there a good reason that hyperref includes this functionality which is apparently unrelated to its primary purpose? Is there a better (smaller, less conflicty, easier...) option to include metadata in my PDFs? Why is it necessary to sample from the posterior distribution if we already KNOW the posterior distribution? My understanding is that when using a Bayesian approach to estimate parameter values:   The posterior distribution is the combination of the prior distribution and the likelihood distribution. We simulate this by generating a sample from the posterior distribution (e.g., using a Metropolis-Hasting algorithm to generate values, and accept them if they are above a certain threshold of probability to belong to the posterior distribution). Once we have generated this sample, we use it to approximate the posterior distribution, and things like its mean.   But, I feel like I must be misunderstanding something. It sounds like we have a posterior distribution and then sample from it, and then use that sample as an approximation of the posterior distribution. But if we have the posterior distribution to begin with why do we need to sample from it to approximate it? Is there an alternative to string.Replace that is case-insensitive? I need to search a string and replace all occurrences of %FirstName% and %PolicyAmount% with a value pulled from a database. The problem is the capitalization of FirstName varies. That prevents me from using the String.Replace() method. I've seen web pages on the subject that suggest  Regex.Replace(strInput, strToken, strReplaceWith, RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);   However for some reason when I try and replace %PolicyAmount% with $0, the replacement never takes place. I assume that it has something to do with the dollar sign being a reserved character in regex.   Is there another method I can use that doesn't involve sanitizing the input to deal with regex special characters? How can I clone an ArrayList and also clone its items in Java?  For example I have:  ArrayList&lt;Dog&gt; dogs = getDogs(); ArrayList&lt;Dog&gt; clonedList = ....something to do with dogs....   And I would expect that objects in clonedList are not the same as in dogs list. With $x+y\ge z$ $(x,y,z\ge0)$, prove that: $$\frac{x}{1+x}+\frac{y}{1+y}\ge\frac{z}{1+z}$$  I'm aware that using analytic view this is easy since $f(x)=\frac{x}{1+x}$ is concave in $[0,\infty)$. However I want to prove it using merely algebraic techniques. Is that possible? Showing that a finite abelian group has a subgroup of order m for each divisor m of n I have made an attempt to prove that a finite abelian group of order $n$ has a subgroup of order $m$ for every divisor $m$ of $n$.     Specifically, I am asked to use a quotient group-induction argument to show this.  I'd appreciate comments on the validity or lack thereof of my attempted proof below.  Let $G$ be a finite abelian group of order $n$ and let $m$ be a divisor of $n$.  The proposition is true for $n=1$, so we'll proceed by induction and assume $n \ge 2$.  Let $p$ be a prime dividing $m$ and let $x$ be an element of order $p$ in $G$ (which exists by Cauchy's Theorem for Abelian Groups).  By the induction hypothesis, $G/\langle x \rangle$ has a subgroup of order $\dfrac{m}{p}$.  This subgroup is of the form $H/\langle x \rangle$ for some $H \le G$.  Since $|H/\langle x \rangle| = \dfrac{m}{p}$, it follows that $H \le G$ has order $m$.  I chose to use a prime divisor of $m$, but I don't see why it wouldn't work to use any proper divisor of $m$.  Am I correct on this point?  Thanks, I appreciate the help. I would like to use Flash Player to show web contents but since today (12 Jan 2021) Adobe is blocking it. Is there a way to use it? I've tried Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Brave browsers. How do I set up a global locale for the computer?  I have recently installed Kubuntu 14.04LTS in english but since I am in Spain, I chose Spain as a country and then changed locale options so that I get all country specific configuration such as digit grouping, decimal separator, date format, etc. I also added the spanish language.  Now all applications complain that locale is wrong. check-language-support tells me I'm using en_ES.UTF-8 as system's locale, and that locale is indeed wrong, there is no locale for english language in Spain.  I tried using Kubuntu's country/region &amp; language settings but it doesn't fix it. I tried using export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8 and export LC_ALL=en_GB.UTF-8 and then sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales and that caused check-language-support to say that I now have a correct configuration but if it is, it's only in that konsole session. This problem also prevents konsole from showing unicode characters and I cannot use dead keys or enter any 'international character' such as ñ or ç (those work on other applications such as Firefox, that I'm using to post this question).  So the question is: How do I set up a global locale for the computer?  This is not a bug report, I will probably reinstall my computer eventually if I can't fix it. But I really want to know how I can perform this REALLY basic task.  Thank you.  $ check-language-support perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:         LANGUAGE = "en:es:en",         LC_ALL = (unset),         LC_PAPER = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_ADDRESS = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_MONETARY = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_NUMERIC = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_TELEPHONE = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_IDENTIFICATION = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_MEASUREMENT = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_TIME = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_NAME = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LANG = "en_ES.UTF-8"     are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_COLLATE to default locale: No such file or directory hunspell-en-ca libreoffice-help-en-gb libreoffice-l10n-en-gb libreoffice-l10n-en-za mythes-en-au wspanish  $ cat /etc/default/locale LANG="en_US.UTF-8" LC_NUMERIC="es_ES.UTF-8" LC_TIME="es_ES.UTF-8" LC_MONETARY="es_ES.UTF-8" LC_PAPER="es_ES.UTF-8" LC_NAME="es_ES.UTF-8" LC_ADDRESS="es_ES.UTF-8" LC_TELEPHONE="es_ES.UTF-8" LC_MEASUREMENT="es_ES.UTF-8" LC_IDENTIFICATION="es_ES.UTF-8"   $ locale locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_MESSAGES to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory LANG=en_ES.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=en:es:en LC_CTYPE="en_ES.UTF-8" LC_NUMERIC=en_ES.UTF-8 LC_TIME=en_ES.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE="en_ES.UTF-8" LC_MONETARY=en_ES.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES="en_ES.UTF-8" LC_PAPER=en_ES.UTF-8 LC_NAME=en_ES.UTF-8 LC_ADDRESS=en_ES.UTF-8 LC_TELEPHONE=en_ES.UTF-8 LC_MEASUREMENT=en_ES.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=en_ES.UTF-8 LC_ALL= $ update-locale perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:         LANGUAGE = "en:es:en",         LC_ALL = (unset),         LC_PAPER = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_ADDRESS = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_MONETARY = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_NUMERIC = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_TELEPHONE = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_IDENTIFICATION = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_MEASUREMENT = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_TIME = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LC_NAME = "en_ES.UTF-8",         LANG = "en_ES.UTF-8"     are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). Calculate the product of distances for a line perpendicular to hyperbola Let us have a hyperbola $\frac{x^2}{a^2} - \frac{y^2}{b^2} = 1$ and assume the normal at P meets the transverse (horizontal) axis $AA'$ in $G$ and the conjugate (vertical) axis $BB'$ in $g$. Assume CF be perpendicular to the normal from the center.   Find $\frac{PF \cdot PG}{CB^2}$ Find $PF \cdot Pg$   How can I solve the question in least amount of steps?  My attempt:  I first formed the equation of the normal and then I found out the points where it cuts the conjugate and transverse axis. After finding these points I used distance formula to find the distance required and convert it in the form that the question asked. But its a long method and took lot of steps Could new users be prompted to edit instead of commenting? It's very common to ask for additional information on a question.  This is perhaps most common with new users who are a little unfamiliar with the need to put all relevant information in their question to start with.  To be blunt, I'm a little tired of explaining to new users that an edit is better than a comment, particularly where we ask "please add the output of..." I note that some users have taken to explicitly asking OPs to edit their question and adding an edit link in their comment.  But still this is missed.  More recently, adding a comment to a new user's question displays a little note saying:     ... is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.   Could there be a similarly formatted note to new contributors commenting on their own question or answer:     If you need to add more information please  your [question][answer] instead of adding a comment.