What is the underlying data structure of the three common python data structure: list, tuple and set?  I heard from someone that list in python is implemented as linked list. How about tuple and set? To be specific, how is the true memory of the computer allocated for their implementation?  I tried to time the task of looking for a number in the collection of number and found that tuple shows the best performance. Why is that the case?  from timeit import timeit timeit('238478 in (x for x in range(1000000))', number = 100) #time ~ 2s timeit('238478 in {x for x in range(1000000)}', number = 100) #time ~ 7s timeit('238478 in [x for x in range(1000000)]', number = 100) #time ~ 7s   I tried to read the documentation but it doesn't describe the underlying architecture.  Edit: I want to study the speed of Python vs other languages. For example, array in C surely outperform list in Python. But what if I compare tuple vs array? To study these, I would like to understand more on how these data structures in Python are working in the computer.
When should you use generator expressions and when should you use list comprehensions in Python?  # Generator expression (x*2 for x in range(256))  # List comprehension [x*2 for x in range(256)]
What is the purpose of Microsoft.SharePoint.Runtime.dll in CSOM? I know we need to use Microsoft.SharePoint.Client and Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Runtime dll's reference in .NET managed CSOM application development. But can someone help me understand why we have to use Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Runtime and whats it's purpose, in detail. or point me to a reference please. Thank you in advance Interpret geometrically the equation The function $f$ is convex when:  $$f(tx+ (1-t)x', ty + (1-t)y') ≤  tf(x,y) + (1-t)f(x', y')$$  for all numbers $0≤t≤1$ and all pairs of points $(x,y)$ and $(x',y')$ in the domain of $f$ (the whole of $R^2$)  How would I interpret this geometrically? Also what is an example of a convex function whose graph is not a plane? how to add object to a keyframe range? lets assume we have an iron man pointing his hand to a target and shooting few frames later as shown in the picture below:    frame 0 to 10 he will point frame 11 to 15 he will shoot, which is just a long cube with one larger face to give idea or a laser projectile   how can I add the projectile cube only on frame 11? I don't what it to exist before that  thanks I want to make an animation in time to a song so when I hit play on the timeline I need to be able to hear the song so I can finely tune the animations to start and end at the right time.  Is it possible to have sound play on an animation while it is playing in the 3d viewport before it has been rendered. Can wizards really cast spells in armor? How do I diagnose the source of focus problem in a camera? Probably a novice question, but how do I correctly diagnose from a photo for what reason that camera wasn't able to focus properly?  It can be any 1 of the following   Unsteady hand Lens issue Metering Re-Calibration required in camera or ...   Is there a set of unsaid protocols that needs to be followed by a photographer?  Goal is to get a sharp and crisp image prior to editing.  [PS: I own a Nikon D5200.] Duo of alien xenologists study couple of Terran explorers, later save them I have a question about my choice of name for publication.  I recently got married and legally changed my name to my husband's surname (for example's sake: from Hunter to Jones). So, despite legally being Ms Jones now, I would quite like to use the hyphenated name Hunter-Jones in the professional context and in publications. This is so that people realise that it is still me and so that I can somewhat keep my maiden name.  Is this possible or do I have to use my legal name professionally and when publishing? Thank you for any help What does Morgoth look like? Is Morgoth, the original enemy in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth ever visually described? I envisage him as a bigger, meaner version of the physical Sauron, but I cannot find any reference in The Simarillion. I have tried reading up on WMS on wiki and other sources but haven't managed to get my head around a couple of points.   1) Using WMS is it possible to get a local copy of the raster data (say a tiff image tile). The reason, I ask is, I need to use his raster data in a secondary process that needs a local copy of the file.   2) I am primarily interested in allowing users the option of downloading orthoimagery and elevation from the USGS repository. I've tried using the Seamless viewer but I am thinking more along the lines of user specifying a coordinate (or four corner coords) and getting the orthoimage and elevation data corresponding to that. I thought WMS (Geoserver being my first option) is the way to go for this, but not certain. So wanted to get your advice.  Thanks in advance.  Sincerely, ST. I have this:  If String.IsNullOrEmpty(editTransactionRow.pay_id.ToString()) = False Then     stTransactionPaymentID = editTransactionRow.pay_id 'Check for null value End If   Now, when editTransactionRow.pay_id is Null Visual Basic throws an exception. Is there something wrong with this code? When Ron broke his wand, why didn't he apply for Hogwarts financial aid? We know, from Book Six, that Hogwarts has a financial aid for students in need. It's supposed to cover all expenses regarding materials and school supplies, so it certainly covers wands. So why didn't Ron simply apply for this fund when he broke his wand in Book Two, since his family could not afford a new one?  Seems absurd that no teacher would notice that Ron had a broken wand and inform him there's a school fund. Plot hole?  Obs.: Even if Ron could afford a new wand, one could ask how we would purchase it (you must experiment personally to find a wand that chooses you). It turns out that there's a local branch of Ollivander in Hogsmeade. I'm sure that, under those circumstances, a second-year student like Ron would be allowed to visit Hogsmeade to purchase a new wand. I ran into a problem today when I decided to use npm update -g in a nodejs app directory. This was a bad decision, because it caused me to run into a .   The solution is to reinstall nodejs and npm. Unfortunately when I go to install npm using sudo apt-get install npm it doesn't work.  The full error in the terminal is here:  Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that  some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies:  npm : Depends: nodejs but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-abbrev (&gt;= 1.0.4) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-ansi but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-archy but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-block-stream but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-fstream (&gt;= 0.1.22) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-fstream-ignore but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-github-url-from-git but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-glob (&gt;= 3.1.21) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-graceful-fs (&gt;= 2.0.0) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-inherits but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-ini (&gt;= 1.1.0) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-lockfile but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-lru-cache (&gt;= 2.3.0) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-minimatch (&gt;= 0.2.11) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-mkdirp (&gt;= 0.3.3) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-gyp (&gt;= 0.10.9) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-nopt (&gt;= 2.1.1) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-npmlog but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-once but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-osenv but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-read but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-read-package-json (&gt;= 1.1.0) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-request (&gt;= 2.25.0) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-retry but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-rimraf (&gt;= 2.2.2) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-semver (&gt;= 2.1.0) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-sha but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-slide but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-tar (&gt;= 0.1.18) but it is not going to be installed    Depends: node-which but it is not going to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.   What can I do to get npm properly installed and running again?  Thanks. I am confused about the usage of the words like and unlike in sentences. Like and unlike make me confused because I see them being used everywhere almost interchangeably, and to make matters worse I even saw commas making difference in meaning.  Which of the following sentences is most correct, and least ambiguous?      Unlike Xbox, Playstation can't play Halo.     Playstation can't play Halo unlike Xbox can.     Playstation can't play Halo, unlike Xbox can.     Like Xbox, Playstation can't play Halo.     Playstation can't play Halo like Xbox can.     Playstation can't play Halo, like Xbox can.     Playstation can't play Halo unlike Xbox.     Playstation can't play Halo, unlike Xbox.     Playstation can't play Halo like Xbox.     Playstation can't play Halo, like Xbox.    In case you don't know what I actually wanted to say in those sentences: I'm trying to say that Playstation can't run the Halo video game and Xbox can run that game. I probably should have tried sentences with no brands but I can't imagine any meaningful sentences at this moment which contains like/unlike. Visit the UK with Schengen tourist short-stay visa I'm Russian, and I have touristic  Schengen short stay visa. I want to know, can I stay for some period in UK without getting UK visa, or it is not possible (I heard about 36 hours free of visa staying or something like that) I'm trying to delete some old flow which are inactive via workbench. DestructiveChanges.xml &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt; &lt;Package xmlns=&quot;http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata&quot;&gt;     &lt;types&gt;         &lt;members&gt;Advanced_Round_Robin&lt;/members&gt;         &lt;name&gt;Flow&lt;/name&gt;     &lt;/types&gt;Ï &lt;/Package&gt;  package.xml &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt; &lt;Package xmlns=&quot;http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata&quot;&gt;       &lt;version&gt;48.0&lt;/version&gt; &lt;/Package&gt;  I've added both file in zip and in workbench when I deploy using this zip file I get below error.  insufficient access rights on cross-reference id   What permission I need to have to perform this action? Also is there way I can delete few version of same flow only? Like keep only last 3-4 version and delete all previous version of given flow? Thank you. Multi-partition multi OS bootable USB I want to create a recovery flash drive. I have my 8 gb flash drive[Kingston data traveller] with me. I also have the required .iso files for a>Ubuntu 13.10 b>Boot-repair disk c>AVG Rescue CD  I Wish to create 4 partitions(3 for each bootable .iso and one for data storage. Also, I want a way in which I can select which OS to boot each time I boot from USB.   So, is there a way to install GRUB on USB as well as the three other live distros? And how to create such a setup? Using Illustrator CS6 to create shape out of multiple paths Listen for incoming request on port on Linux, then run command I am after as lightweight as possible solution to listen on a port for a specific request, then run a command should the port be hit and the correct request be recedved.  Eg. Send a request to 192.168.0.10 on port 5432 with the string my_token. On the host (eg. 192.168.0.10), then run a command should that port be hit and the string matched.  I was initially thinking of using netstat (eg. nc -l 5000) then running the command on change. However, ideally a string or token of sorts would be ideal alongside this or similar, but without using a full-blown webserver - essentially something that can run in the background with few resources. I am currently trying to establish a clear picture of pure/mixed/entangled/separable/superposed states. In the following I will always assume a basis of $|1\rangle$ and $|0\rangle$ for my quantum systems. This is what I have so far:   superposed: A superposition of two states which a system $A$ can occupy, so $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|0\rangle_A+|1\rangle_A)$ seperable: $|1\rangle_A|0\rangle_B$ A state is called separable, if its an element of the (tensor)product basis of system $A$ and $B$ (for all possible choices of bases) entangled: $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|0\rangle_A|1\rangle_B+|1\rangle_A|0\rangle_B)$ is not a state within the product basis (again for all possible bases). mixed state: Is a statistical mixture, so for instance $|1\rangle$ with probability $1/2$ and $|0\rangle$ with probability $1/2$ pure state: Not a mixed state, no statistical mixture   I hope that the above examples and classifications are correct. If not it would be great if you could correct me. Or add further cases, if this list is incomplete.   On wikipedia I read about      Another way to say this is that while the von Neumann entropy of the whole state is zero (as it is for any pure state), the entropy of the subsystems is greater than zero.   which is perfectly fine. However I also read on wikipedia a criterion for :     Another, equivalent, criterion is that the von Neumann entropy is 0 for a pure state, and strictly positive for a mixed state.   So does this imply that if I look at the subsystems of an entangled state, that they are in a mixed state? Sounds strange... What would be the statistical mixture in that case?  Moreover I also wanted to ask, whether you had further illustrative examples for the different states I tried to describe above. Or any dangerous cases, where one might think a state of one kind to be the other?