I have installed chocolate(packet manager) programs at:  C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\bin  And also installed fzf(search tool) as GVIM plugin.Accidently installed at the same dir:   C:\ProgramData\chocolatey\bin  There is weird situation where different tools see different files in this dir:   cmd.exe - see fzf.vim files  cmder.exe - see choco files explorer - see choco files  totalcmd.exe -see fzf.vim files nerdtree(gvim) - see chocolatey/bin as one name and there are fzf.vim files   I have installed Cygwin and Gow(linux commands at Win) projects at my Windows 7 64bit with NTFS partition. Does it have a connection with path that sometime is typed in "linux way" using / insted \?  I had similar situation with some Cygwin dir before.
I'm having trouble editing this file on Windows 7:  C:\Program Files (x86)\CMake 2.8.7\share\cmake-2.8\Modules\FindJNI.cmake   If I edit it in Cygwin (vi) or TextPad, those two programs see the changes, so it's getting written to disk somewhere.  But if I "type" the file in a DOS cmd shell, it looks like the file hasn't been changed at all.  One thing I noticed is that in the cmd shell, the owner is Administrators, but in Cygwin's bash shell, the owner is Dan:  C:\Program Files (x86)\CMake 2.8.7\share\cmake-2.8\Modules&gt;dir /Q FindJ*  Volume in drive C is Windows7_OS  Volume Serial Number is 92CA-8707   Directory of C:\Program Files (x86)\CMake 2.8.7\share\cmake-2.8\Modules  12/30/2011  09:45 AM             1,480 BUILTIN\Administrators FindJasper.cmake 12/30/2011  09:45 AM             7,951 BUILTIN\Administrators FindJava.cmake 12/30/2011  09:45 AM            10,632 BUILTIN\Administrators FindJNI.cmake 12/30/2011  09:45 AM             1,669 BUILTIN\Administrators FindJPEG.cmake                4 File(s)         21,732 bytes                0 Dir(s)  132,524,654,592 bytes free   Dan@home /c/Program Files (x86)/CMake 2.8.7/share/cmake-2.8/Modules $ ls -al FindJ* -rwx------+ 1 Dan            None 10636 Jan 30 13:57 FindJNI.cmake -rwx------+ 1 Administrators None  1669 Dec 30 09:45 FindJPEG.cmake -rwx------+ 1 Administrators None  1480 Dec 30 09:45 FindJasper.cmake -rwx------+ 1 Administrators None  7951 Dec 30 09:45 FindJava.cmake   How can this be?  It's like there are two different files with the same name in the same directory.
I'm new to Blender and am having a few hitches.  Each time I use box select on a group of vertices it extends the selection from what was previously selected.  I can avoid this by hitting A to deselect all before using Box Select but I was hoping there was a way to have this happen by default.  Isn't it the desired workflow to select groups of objects and move them independently and only extend the select with Shift?  I must be doing it wrong. It should be trivial, and it might even be in the help, but I can't figure out how to navigate it. How do I indent multiple lines quickly in vi? I'm working through Knuth's Metafont Book as preparation for learning Metapost and I'm running into some problems working through his "experiments".  I've installed the latest TeX Live 2013 distribution on my system but I'm having problems.  Here's the code (contained in file io.mf as recommended by Knuth):  mode_setup;  em#:=10pt#; cap#:=7pt#;  thin#:=1/3pt#; thick#:=5/6pt#;  o#:=1/5pt#; define_pixels(em,cap); define_blacker_pixels(thin,thick); define_corrected_pixels(o);  curve_sidebar=round 1/18em; beginchar("O", 0.8em#, cap#, 0); "The letter O";  penpos1(thick,10); penpos2(.1[thin,thick],90-10);  penpos3(thick,180+10); penpos4(thin,270-10);  x1l=w-x3l=curve_sidebar; x2=x4=.5w;  y1=.49h; y2l=-o; y3=.51h; y4l=h+o;  penstroke z1e{down}..z2e{right}             ..z3e{up}..z4e{left}..cycle;  penlabels(1,2,3,4); endchar;   Now, when running the mf command and loading this file, I get a window that is unfortunately empty.  Supposedly a large letter "O" should appear.  $ mf This is METAFONT, Version 2.718281 (TeX Live 2013) **io (io.mf The letter O [79]) *end Output written on io.2602gf (1 character, 1724 bytes). Transcript written on io.log.  $ gftodvi io.2602gf  gftodvi: fatal: tfm file `gray.tfm' not found.   Then, when trying to use the gftodvi command I get the above error.   Any ideas why my "window" that should display the letter "O" is blank/empty? How do I resolve the gray.tfm error? Are the two related?   Note: I'm using Ubuntu 14.04, but the TeXLive installation is NOT from the Ubuntu repository.  I used the installer from  and created a local "portable" installation. A way for "new users" to ask about their post specifically We currently require that new users have 5+ reputation to participate in meta support discussions (bugs, feedback, governance, etc). This is primarily because the use case for meta is not intrinsically obvious, so we require a modicum of "experience" with the site before jumping into it.   But that blocks new users with legitimate questions about their own posts.  Setting aside any arguments about new-users-are-evil-and-suck-the-life-out-of-our-community, I would like to propose a very specific path for new users to ask about their own question provisionally.  Instead of blocking a new user with this message:     You must have at least 5 reputation on &lt;site> to ask a question on meta.   We can change this to:     You must have at least 5 reputation on &lt;site> to post on meta, but you may ask a question about your own post specifically.      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The user can then proceed with the post provided they leave the template (below) intact:     Title &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;      &nbsp;         &lt;!--Do not remove-->   &lt;!--Note: Questions not about your post will be deleted-->      I have a question about the post:       &lt;!-- Your question below: -->   &nbsp;     Not only is this a great and gentle introduction to the proper use of meta, but it stands to help new users just when they need it most (learning to use the community).   Of course this doesn't 100% guarantee that someone won't get it wrong on occasion. But this is an awful lot of in-your-face guidance without simply telling people "read our FAQ" (which they never do). And if a user manages to step over all that guidance and still manages to misuse meta, I have no compunction about summarily removing a question they should never have posted.   But this just-in-time learning is a very effective way of learning a new site in a gentle and thoughtful way. If this is abused more often than not, it is easy to disable. But it's better than assuming clueless newbie every time. Tourist to F1 change of status within 60 days I have a PhD place at a US university starting Aug 21 but want to visit a different university for casual research for 6 weeks from July 1. This is longer than the 30 day grace period for the F1. Can I arrive on the visa waiver program or tourist visa in July and then just stay on for the PhD? I guess I might need to change status. Will this work?  Please don’t suggest exiting and reentering, that’s too expensive.  (British masters student in UK) The mysql extension is deprecated and will be removed in the future: use mysqli or PDO instead Can hard drives fully utilize SATA III? My motherboard currently supports both SATA II and III (3 Gb/s and 6Gb/s respectively), but after reading some online, it seems as though connecting a HDD to the 6 Gb/s is pretty much pointless. If this is the case I'm going to leave my two SATA III ports open for something that can actually use it (which at this point I'm not really sure what can).  This is part of an article I read:     In terms of everything else, we saw basically no difference from the same single drive being plugged into a SATA 6Gb/s or SATA 3Gb/s port. All of this is obviously due to the hard drive not being able to actually take advantage of the 6Gb/s bus.   from . Why does your reflection suddenly turn upside down while slowly walking away from a curved mirror? Many people should have realised, when looking into a concave curved mirror (or even a rather reflective spoon in that fact) at a close distance, you will see a slightly distorted reflection. But as you move further away, the image will suddenly become upside-down.  why is this? Prove that the set of palindromes are not regular languages using the pumping lemma. Firstly I pick a language $xyz$ where $x = \epsilon$, $y = (abb)^{k}$, $z = (bba)^{k}$ where $|y| \ge$ the number of states in the automaton representing my language. Then $xyz = (abb)^k(bba)^k$ is a palindrome.  Now I split $y$ into $uvw$, where $v \ne \epsilon$ contains a state visited more  than once. If the language is regular then $xuv^iwz$ is within the language $\forall i \ge 0$.  I choose $i = 2$, then $uv^2w = (abb)^n$ where $n &gt; k$.  Then $xuv^2wz = (abb)^n(bba)^k$ where $n &gt; k$, which is not a palindrome.   Firstly, is my reasoning for this particular proof correct?  I'm unsure about how to properly apply the pumping lemma to this problem. And secondly the question asks me to state a proof for palindromes in general, whereas I only attempted to prove it for a single case. Is there an example I can choose which proves the conjecture for all palindromes? I assume not, seeing as I can't think of how that could be represented using regular expressions. Render looks darker than Look Dev mode Current sensing nA to mA I need to sense the current of a target  through various periods of its on/sleep/off state and then need to send this data back to another interface MCU to read out the value. They will be both on the same board, powered by 5&nbsp;V USB.  However these are the requirements I have:   5&nbsp;V USB PSU Must be able to sense currents in the range of nA to mA with high    accuracy/precision. (I figure 1&nbsp;nA to 500&nbsp;mA) Only measure the current of the target MCU and not the interface. Must output maximum 3.3&nbsp;V interface MCU   I have looked at available options and current sense amplifiers by Texas Instruments can't sense nA due to higher bias currents. So therefore I feel I would need a precision amplifier.  However I am stuck on how to proceed with this because, I need to somehow have a automatic dynamic current range and I am fairly new to current sensing and am not really sure on all the specifics. What are the dev-loop services that started on boot? After booting I ran systemd-analyze blame and here are the results:       21.596s systemd-journal-flush.service      18.658s dev-sda8.device      15.099s dev-loop33.device      15.034s dev-loop19.device      15.012s dev-loop34.device      14.989s dev-loop21.device      14.877s dev-loop15.device      14.866s dev-loop26.device      14.773s dev-loop27.device      14.684s dev-loop30.device      14.677s dev-loop32.device      14.649s dev-loop35.device      14.590s dev-loop25.device      14.267s dev-loop23.device      14.192s dev-loop24.device      14.156s dev-loop29.device      14.133s dev-loop16.device      14.065s dev-loop31.device      14.059s dev-loop28.device      13.821s dev-loop20.device      13.531s dev-loop22.device      13.495s dev-loop14.device      13.364s dev-loop18.device   What are these dev-loopxx.device (xx denotes numbers) services and why are they taking so much time? Are they related to the mounting of snaps? Can I reduce the boot time by disabling them? I'm running Ubuntu 18.04 alongside Windows 10. Will my checked luggage freeze in the airplane? I'm taking some freeze-sensitive items in a checked luggage for a short flight. It's cheese, chocolate, toothpaste and wine. I would like to know whether the luggage can get "frozen" in the aircraft. Sometimes it happened to me that my stuff actually was quite cold after the flight, so I'd like to be quite sure. Especially the cheese was really expensive and freezing it would very likely demage it.  Usually I pack everything well in clothes, but this time the things are just too many so it's tough to do more than just protect the wine from breaking.  Some details: It's an A320 flight taking 1.5 hours, with Czech Airlines, from Paris CDG to Prague PRG. Problems after upgrading to 14.04 (only background and pointer after login) Let I and J be ideals of a ring R. Show by example that the set of products {xy | x ∈ I, y ∈ J} need not be an ideal Let I and J be ideals of a ring R. Show by example that the set of products {xy | x ∈ I, y ∈ J} need not be an ideal, but that the set of finite sums of products of elements of I and J is an ideal. This ideal is called the product ideal, and is denoted by IJ.   I want to check if my work on the first part makes any sense. I am not sure if I am picking the right example.  If I let R = Z and I = (2) and J = (3) then I has multiples of 2, and J has multiples of 3  6 will divide the product IJ if we add 2 and 3 though we get 5 in IJ, but I am not sure if 5 Divides IJ. Reduce minimum in call volume I find that the minimum in-call volume on my HTC Desire is still far to loud on some calls.  Since I got the phone, I have flashed several different custom ROMs, radio updates, etc, and have had the issue throughout.  Do you know of any way (setting, hack, app, whatever) to reduce the minimum volume?  My device is rooted and I am currently running one of the CyanogenMod 7 (Gingerbread) nightly builds. Why are American-style options worth more than European-style options? Why are American-style options worth more than European-style options?   I realize I can exercise American-style options anytime before the  expire, but I can only exercise European-style options during their  "exercise period" (usually right when they expire, but no earlier).   So it makes sense that an American option is worth at least as much as  a European option.   But why is it worth more? If I exercise my American option early, I  may make more money than waiting until expiration, but I also may make  less. Mathematically, there's no advantage, since I'm equally likely  to make as much money by waiting for expiration.   Mathematically speaking, is there ever a good reason to exercise an  American option early?   I realize people don't always behave logically, but even the formulas  that valuate options show that American options are worth more.   EDIT (answering comments):    Many of the comments people made would apply to lookback options  (), but not to American  options.  American options can do everything European options can and more. I  understand that, and that means American options can't be worth any  LESS than European options, but I'm still not clear on how you would  mathematically calculate this extra value.  @Aaronaught: "The difference between an American and European  option is the difference between getting N chances to get it right (N  being the number of days 'til expiration) and getting just one  chance. It should be easy to see why you're more likely to profit  with the former, even if you can't accurately predict price  movement."    REPLY: I don't think you really get N chances. Once you exercise the  option, that's it, no more chances. And, if you decide not to exercise  the option today, and the underlying's price falls, you can't go back  in time and exercise it yesterday.    @jdsweet: Think of it this way, if you traveled back through time  one month - with perfect knowledge of AAPL's stock price over that  period - which happens to peak viciously then return to its old price  at the end of the period - wouldn't you pay more for an American  option?    REPLY: Well, no. I'd simply buy a cheaper European option that expires  right at the spike. Or, I'd buy a European option that expires later,  and sell it when the spike occurs. American options don't give you  precognition, so you're still guessing as to when to sell/exercise.    @jdsweet: "one of the more common reasons people exercise (as  opposed to sell) an American option before expiration is if an  unexpected dividend (larger than remaining time value of the option)  was just announced that's going to be paid before the option contract  expires"    REPLY: This makes sense. I'm actually trading FOREX options, so there  is no dividend. In that scenario, are European and American options  worth the same? Export EDITOR with a flag I'm using Zsh and some CLI's such as Google's gcloud load files via $EDITOR.    For me, I have set this as:  export EDITOR="/usr/local/bin/mvim"   With aliases for that editor using the -v flag which loads vim in the terminal:   mac_vim="$EDITOR -v"  alias vi=$mac_vim  alias vim=$mac_vim  alias v=$mac_vim   That works but when the gcloud CLI calls $EDITOR it does not have the -v flag so it opens in a new terminal.  I thought I could change that by instead adding the -v flag here:  export EDITOR="/usr/local/bin/mvim -v"   However, when I try and run that on the command line I get:  $EDITOR text.html zsh: no such file or directory: /usr/local/bin/mvim -v   Is it possible to include a flag when exporting my $EDITOR? Normal blocks I can mine fine, but when it comes to diamond and gold ores, the block just gets "destroyed" (as in you can't pick it up). I'm playing on multiplayer with no spawning monsters. Remove empty directory from CVS? I'm not quite sure how this happened, but somehow a completely empty hierarchy of directories has ended up in my repository:  com/ com/companyname/ com/companyname/blah/ com/sun/ com/sun/java/ com/sun/java/jax_rpc_ri/   I think what happened was that these directories did have files in them, but then a developer realized he/she shouldn't have checked them in in the first place since these are by-products of the build process, so he/she removed the files but somehow the empty directories are left in the repository as ancient relics.  How can I remove this from CVS? The only results I seem to be able to find on google say that there shouldn't be a need to remove empty directories as CVS won't keep them around in the first place, and that the -P (prune) options to cvs update should remove them from the working directory  - which is zero help if you actually have empty directories in your repository.  A cvs remove and cvs commit doesn't seem to take care of this situation:  $ cvs remove -Rf com cvs remove: Removing com cvs remove: Removing com/companyname cvs remove: Removing com/companyname/blah cvs remove: Removing com/sun cvs remove: Removing com/sun/java cvs remove: Removing com/sun/java/jax_rpc_ri $ cvs commit com cvs commit: Examining com cvs commit: Examining com/companyname cvs commit: Examining com/companyname/blah cvs commit: Examining com/sun cvs commit: Examining com/sun/java cvs commit: Examining com/sun/java/jax_rpc_ri $ ls -l com total 24 drwxrwxr-x  2 matt matt 4096 Oct 15 14:38 CVS drwxrwxr-x  9 matt matt 4096 Oct 15 14:38 companyname drwxrwxr-x  4 matt matt 4096 Oct 15 14:38 sun   It's still there!  Does SVN have this weird behavior too?