I've written a script that uses ps -G &lt;groupid&gt; -o uid,cmd to log the commands that a certain group of the users of a system run in time. What I want to know is whether it's possible for the users to hide what they are doing from my script. And how can they do that if so. Please note that my users are not in sudo group. So they can't use prctl; I need another option that doesn't require administrative privileges I thought wrapping my code in a function and setting an alias for it and calling that alias would hide my script but it doesn't seem to work. So is there anyway to hide the code from ps? Here is an MVC of my code to show why I think the alias trick does not work: #!/bin/bash foo(){     sleep 3      ps -G 1,2,3 -o uid,cmd -H } alias bar='foo' while true do     sleep 1     ${BASH_ALIASES[bar]}     echo 1  done  And here is a summary of the related parts of what I get as the result: myid -bash                             (Reasonable) myid /bin/bash ./myscript.sh           (Reasonable) myid /bin/bash ./mysctipt.sh           (I don't care but I wonder why it's appearing twice!) myid ps -G 1,2,3 -o uid,cmd -H         (What I don't want to be viewable) myid sshd: myusername@pts/9            (Reasonable)  Please note that there was some indention in the output (due to -H option in ps) that I removed and the indentions of the duplicate line was different. From this I've concluded that making alias etc does not work. By does not work I mean that my users can't make alias for their commands and run those commands and hide their commands this way. Because if they could my ps command for which I had set an alias in my script shouldn't have appeared in the result. So here is the question in simple words: Is there anyway for the non-sudo users of my system to run some scripts in a way that I won't be able to notice using the ps command. p.s. Please note that I'm aware of the pam methods for logging and stuff. I just want to see if this method works. p.s.s. I pointed out the alias method because a friend told me this will work but it didn't. So I already explained that it doesn't seem to work to prevent people from coming and giving that as an answer. request!!! Can someone please explain to my why my question is closed as being an exact duplicate of another question while The answers in the mentioned question does not solve my problem at all!??
Using Ubuntu 12.04. is there any way to hide a running process ?  That process shouldn't' display in system monitor,top,htop . There is no problem to remember the process id (PID) so observation of the process can be done easily .but i want to hide the process completely . is there any way ?
won't instead of using' wouldn't' is possible? I have asked many questions about "would" both in ELL and ELU. But I still have a question about the use of "would". I have recently asked a question which @Jay also answered. He used "wouldn't" in the following sentences: 1. Here, you wouldn't say, "May I ask you what is your name?" Though we break this rule for questions sometimes 2. Well, someone might say that in informal speech, but you wouldn't write it or use it in formal speech. 3. "May I ask you what's your name?" is awkward; a fluent speaker wouldn't say that.  I had asked  question in ELL and I have received answers for it. But there is one thing that I'm still confused about.  Do the meanings of the sentences above change if we use 'won't' instead of using 'wouldn't' ? can we use 'won't' in the place of 'wouldn't' without changing the meanings of the sentences above? Styling border to match fill in QGIS? In the past I have just manually matched the color of the border to the color of the fill, but this can be time consuming.   I am wondering, is there any way to have the program automatically match the border color to that of the fill?   The fill color is being assigned through the styling tab in layer properties.  Using QGIS 2.8.6 How to derive variance-covariance matrix of coefficients in linear regression How to change boot splash screen in 18.04 What would be the symbol for 'multiplication on division'? The symbol I would like to obtain ought to be like the symbol '\pm'. The following  (links to pdf) in the  has no provided source. The book  by Ash and Gross seems to use a similar style. Where can I find hints for typesetting publication standard articles/books as above in TeX. I looked around a bit but couldnt find much from else from keyword searches.  Particularly, I am looking at the chapter headings, title page design, and the mirror effect. Sorry for the title, as I dont really know what its called. Best File Management Practices when you have thousands of Files We publish over 100+ textbooks and growing (1-color, 2-color, 4-color) maninly designed in CorelDraw &amp; Indesign with associated Image and Font Files. We also have merged multipage PDF &amp; EPS files that we send to our offset printers.Also, some Image files are exclusive to a project while some are shared across projects.   What are the best practices to follow when it comes to management of these files? We are always working on multiple versions of the same files and often with multiple DTP operators.  Right now it is all on a Shared Drive with Individual Folders but that always creates confusion in identifying the latest version of the file and some users save the file to some other folder. Security of the Data is another issue as we work with a lot of freelancers also.  How do big design studios and publishing houses handle versioning, collaboration and the associated files with a project neatly? Do they use a CMS / Document Management System? Why is mathematical induction a valid proof technique? Context: I'm studying for my discrete mathematics exam and I keep running into this question that I've failed to solve. The question is as follows.    Problem: The main form for normal induction over natural numbers $n$ takes the following form:   $P(1)$ is true, and for every $n, P(n-1)\to P(n).\qquad\qquad\qquad\text{[Sometimes written as $P(n)\to P(n+1)$]}$   If both 1 and 2 are true, then $P(n)$ is true for every $n$.  The question is to prove the correctness of the form above.    My work: My idea was to make a boolean statement and if it's a tautology in a true false table. That means the statement is always correct.  I've tried many times but I've failed.  Here is the original question in Hebrew:  n טענה כלשהי לגבי מםפר טבעי  $P(n)$ תהי   אם מתקימיים שני התנאים הבאים:  1- הטענה $P(0)$ נכונה  2- לכל n>0, $P(n)$ נכונות הטענה $P(n-1)$ גוררת את נכונות הטענה   אז $P(n)$ נכונה לכל מספר טבעי n  הוכיחו את נכונות משפט זה Which one is correct, or are both of them fine?    "It would take the average person 10 days to read this novel"    Or    "It would take an average person 10 days to read this novel" (Disclaimer: I've read the  and I do understand that this is bordering on off-topic since it's about consumer devices. However I hope that I've managed to make enough on-topic by asking about why it is the way it is, and what is the explanation from an electromagnetic point of view - in other words, what laws of electricity and what practical considerations have gone into these decisions).  I recently bought a power tool and in its manual I found a few peculiar safety rules. I cannot see why they would be there, although reading up more it seems that they are commonplace. My understanding of electricity is limited (just about enough to be dangerous), so I'm hoping to expand it. :)  The rules are:   Don't use an extension cord longer than 25m. Considering this is an outdoors tool, this limitation is severely restrictive. The best explanation I've seen is that longer cables would simply have too high of a resistance and the tool wouldn't be able to operate at full power. But this argument doesn't convince me. The tool is rated at 2.4kW, and it's meant to be used with 220V AC power source, which means it uses about 11 amps of current. All the extension cords I've ever come across have at least 16A limitation, so there is quite a reserve still. In addition, the power has to travel much, much further to get to my house, and even after the meter it still takes probably close to those same 25m to get to the power outlet. Why only 25m after the outlet? The resistance of the cables isn't that big, is it? Don't daisy-chain extension cords. I suspect this is a variation of the above - don't exceed 25m; every connection adds additional contact resistance; water in the outdoors connections can be a problem - in general, it just adds risk. However, apart from the water in the contacts, the rest seems to me to be practically negligible. Is there really a significant contact resistance? Assuming that the extension cords are in a good shape. Make sure that the power cord is entirely unrolled. This is another odd one. My suspicion is that it has to do with inductive resistance. But is it really that strong? Wherever I've seen people actually wanting to create an electromagnet, it's pretty much hard work. You need a lot of neat, tightly-wound loops of wire. An extension cord has a lot of insulator around it, spacing the wires pretty far apart, and the loops are very chaotic. In addition, if that was a problem, why do  exist? They're used especially when you need a very long extension cord, and you don't need to unroll them completely every time you want to use them. Solved: OK, I was off the mark. The correct answer (also a ) has to do with the wire heating up from being used close to its limits. When coiled together, the temperature can go pretty high and melt the cables. Not fun. Jordan form, number of blocks. Finding $\frac {d(\tan \theta)}{d\theta}$ What is the preferable setup for MiKTeX to keep all packages up-to-date easily? Please stop bounties from turning off community moderation Possible Duplicate:                tl;dr: Please get rid of "This question has an open bounty and cannot be closed"  Questions with bounties on them can't be closed:    This is by design, and the recommended course of action is to flag for moderator attention, at which point they'll decide whether to refund the bounty and close the question or not.   But why should a bounty disable regular community moderation?  We should be able to cast close votes on bountied questions as usual, and if a question gets enough, the bounty's refunded and the question closed.  An obvious benefit would be reduced burden on moderators, but I doubt that this is really a significant part of their workload.  More important is allowing the entire community's wisdom to be brought to bear.  Consider this question:      Having a simple MFC application with web browser controller that navigates to some site and then to another one on and on.      Using a powerfull machine (16 cores and lots of memory) OS is Server 2008 R2. I can see when launching my app over 30 instances I'm getting the OS UI (each window including my app, mspaint, taskmgr etc..) become very sluggish and slow.      I have monitored the machine resources (CPU, memory and GDI objects) but it seems that all of them are not even close to be in some level of stress.      What is the problematic resource that influence the machine in such way?      10x, Guy   It doesn't look like a good question: somewhat poorly written, vague, not a ton of information, etc.  I would vote to close this question.  However, I don't do much work with MFC and maybe there's something I'm missing.  (I can readily imagine a similarly bad looking question with the extremely concrete answer: .)  I'm comfortable casting a vote to close, not closing unilaterally.  Flagging for a moderator just passes the buck to them, when the correct action is letting the community weigh in. I'm currently passing the pid on the command line to the child, but is there a way to do this in the Win32 API?  Alternatively, can someone alleviate my fear that the pid I'm passing might belong to another process after some time if the parent has died? Lucia is gone. Just gone Skyrim problem here. I've finally found a house mod that will support a family (as in allow them to move there). I'm excited to install it, but it says that a new save game is highly recommended unless you haven't adopted any kids yet.   I recently adopted Lucia. I have two saves in my game, a quick and a full. I know that the full save has Lucia as adopted, but I'm not sure if the quick does. If it does not, then my reasoning is that I can install the mod and load that save, rather than having to work all the way back through eighteen levels.   And here's the problem. I loaded the quick save and searched for Lucia, in an attempt to see if she was adopted or not. She is nowhere to be found. She is not sitting under the tree in the middle of Whiterun, she is not in Breezehome, and she is not in the inn.   I tried to use console commands. both the moveto and placeatme commands do not work. I used both the refid and the baseid. Neither worked. I used help Lucia, thinking maybe the wiki was wrong on her ID. it gave me a different ID, which also didn't work. Every time, the console says either that it can't find the objectbaseid, or that the id is invalid.   This has led me to the conclusion that Lucia has been entirely erased from the game's memory, and I KNOW that hasn't happened. Can someone tell me what is going on?   Additional details: I am using a Breezehome overhaul mod. When I adopted Lucia, she moved in perfectly with no trouble though, so I can't really see how that would be the problem. Gameplay programmers write game code, but so do game designers and developers. Where is the line drawn? What skills do gameplay programmers use that game designers or developers do not? Why is there something instead of nothing? A simple but fundamental question.    The "something" means the whole Universe (known and unknown), it could be represented as the reality version of the set of all sets, which is itself . It includes all the  and such.  A better version of the whole Universe could be described with a .  The "nothing" means an absence of the whole Universe, not a particular void or emptiness in the whole Universe but a nonexistent whole Universe. I have been trying to install ubuntu (I tried 12.04LTS, 12.10, 12.10-secure-remix) using the wubi installer on Windows 8 and all the three times ran into the same problem showing some cannot find /ubuntu/winboot/wubildr when I tried to start ubuntu.  I tried to change the boot settings from UEFI to Legacy and then my laptop restarted and showed that "No operating System Found".  I then tried to install Ubuntu using a cd and after a lot of effort and using boot repair,etc. I landed into a new trouble. When I select UEFI on, the laptop loads Windows and windows too does not detect ubuntu. When I select Legacy mode, it starts ubuntu, shows me an option to start windows 8 but gives an error showing windows failed to load.  So in legacy mode, i am able to use only ubuntu and in UEFI mode, I am able to use only Win8. Please explain any process of starting windows in legacy mode (which I tried without any success) or starting ubuntu in UEFI mode. line 56 syntax error: unexpected end of file I have typed out the code for this mychoice.sh bash example and I keep getting the syntax error: unexpected end of file.  Am I missing something?  mychoice.sh  #!/bin/bash  E='echo -e';e='echo -en';trap ";exit" 2 ESC=$( $e "\e") TPUT(){ $e "\e[${1};${2}H";} CLEAR(){ $e "\ec";} CIVIS(){ $e "\e[25l"} DRAW(){ $e "\e%\e(0";} WRITE(){ $e "\e(B";} MARK(){ $e "\e[7m";} UNMARK(){ $e "\e[27m";} R(){ CLEAR ;stty sane;$e "\ec\e[37;44m[J";}; HEAD(){ DRAW     for each in $(seq 1 13);do     $E "   x                    x"     done     WRITE;MARK;TPUT; 1 5     $E "BASH SELECTION MENU         ";UNMARK;}     i=0; CLEAR; CIVIS;NULL=/dev/null FOOT(){ MARK;TPUT 13 5     printf "ENTER - SELECT,NEXT         ";UNMARK;} ARROW(){ read -s -n3 key 2&gt;/dev/null &gt;&amp;2      if [[$key = $ESC[A ]];then echo up;fi      if [[$key = $ESC[B ]];then echo dn;fi;} M0(){ TPUT  4 20; $e "Login info";} M1(){ TPUT  5 20; $e "Network";} M2(){ TPUT  6 20; $e "Disk";} M3(){ TPUT  7 20; $e "Routing";} M4(){ TPUT  8 20; $e "Time";} M5(){ TPUT  9 20; $e "About  ";} M6(){ TPUT 10 20; $e "Exit   ";} LM=6 MENU(){ for each in $(seq 0 $LM);do M${each};done;} POS(){ if [[ $cur == up ]];then ((i--));fi     if [[ $cur == dn ]];then ((i++));fi     if [[ $i -lt 0 ]];then i=$LM;fi     if [[ $i -gt $LM ]];then i=0;fi;} REFRESH(){ after=$((i+1)); before=$((i-!))     if [[ $before -lt 0 ]];then before=$LM;fi     if [[ $after -gt 0 ]];then after=0;fi     if [[ $j -lt $i ]];then UNMARK;M$before;else UNMARK;M$after;fi     if [[ $after -eq 0 ]] || [$before -eq $LM ];then          UNMARK; M$before; M$after;fi;j=$i;UNMARK;M$before;M$after;} INIT(){ R;HEAD;FOOT;MENU;} SC(){ REFRESH;MARK;$S;$b;cur='ARROW';} ES(){ MARK;$e "ENTER = main menu ";$b;read;INIT;};INIT while [[ "$0" != " " ]]; do case $i in     0) S=M2;SC;if [[ $cur == "" ]];then R;$e "\nS(w     )\n";ES;fi;;     1) S=M2;SC;if [[ $cur == "" ]];then R;$e "\nS(ifconfig  )\n";ES;fi;;     2) S=M2;SC;if [[ $cur == "" ]];then R;$e "\nS(df -h )\n";ES;fi;;     3) S=M2;SC;if [[ $cur == "" ]];then R;$e "\nS(route -n  )\n";ES;fi;;     4) S=M2;SC;if [[ $cur == "" ]];then R;$e "\nS(date  )\n";ES;fi;;     5) S=M2;SC;if [[ $cur == "" ]];then R;$e "\nS($e by oTo )\n";ES;fi;;     6) S=M2;SC;if [[ $cur == "" ]];then R;exit 0;fi;;  esac;POS;done;