ls -l  total 36  -rwxrwxr-x 1 vips vips 8776 Jan 11 20:56 a.out     -rw-rw-r-- 1 vips vips   52 Jan 11 21:44 filemk.sh     drwxrwxr-x 2 vips vips 4096 Jan 11 22:14 hello     -rw-rw-r-- 1 vips vips 7174 Jan 11 09:23 installation.txt     -rw-rw-r-- 1 vips vips  928 Jan 11 22:26 linux_Commands     -rw-rw-r-- 1 vips vips  142 Jan 11 20:56 prog1.c   What does total indicate? Somewhere I read that it shows the number of blocks, but the number of blocks in my case is  1+1+2+1+1+1 = 7 .  Then what is it?
Apparently I cannot count. I think there are three files in /media  $ tree /media /media ├── foo ├── onex └── zanna 3 directories, 0 files   However, ls -l finds 12.  $ ls -l /media total 12 drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Jul 31 20:57 foo drwxrwxr-x  2 root root 4096 Jun 26 06:36 onex drwxr-x---+ 2 root root 4096 Aug  7 21:17 zanna   And, if I do ls -la I get only . and .. in addition to the above, but the count is total 20  What's the explanation?
Sudden increase in timing when summing over 250 entries This is the third time I've tried to install Ubuntu Server 14.04.03 64-bit on the same laptop, and each time it caused different problems.  Each time I wrote the same iso image to a USB flash drive by using a different application and OS.   Universal USB Installer (pendrivelinux.com) from Windows WinImage writer from Windows built-in image writer from Linux Mint 17.2    The iso image is the same in all three cases, the USB flash drive is the same, and the laptop is the same. However each time the installation of Ubuntu gave me different installation options. For example, the last time I installed Ubuntu, it didn't show all the packages to choose while installing (Basic Ubuntu server, etc.). Why isn't Higgs coupling considered a fifth fundamental force? Intuition for uniform continuity of a function on $\mathbb{R}$ Do we have negative prime numbers?   $..., -7, -5, -3, -2, ...$ How to check if $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac 1{n!}$ is converging or diverging by direct comparison test? $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac 1{n!}$$   I think we may compare it with $\frac{1}{n^n}$, and say that $\frac{1}{n!}&gt;\frac{1}{n^n}$. But I am not sure of the convergence or divergence of $\frac{1}{n^n}$ itself, so this turns out to be useless.  What other way is there? I have installed nodeJS on Ubuntu with following code   sudo apt-get install nodejs   Since I am a new user for ubuntu I also ran this code too  sudo apt-get install npm   Now when I type    nodejs --version   It shows   v0.6.19   I checked and saw latest nodeJS version is 0.10.26   How can I update my version of nodeJS to 0.10.26?  I tried with    sudo apt-get install &lt;packagename&gt;  sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade &lt;packagename&gt;   but no luck. Show that if $a$ is an odd integer and $b$ is an even integer then $\gcd(a,b)=\gcd(a,b/2)$ Show that if $a$ is an odd en integer and $b$ is an even integer then $\gcd(a,b)=\gcd(a,b/2)$.  I understand that since $a$ is not divisible by $2$ but $b$ is, the gcd of $a$ and $b$ also can't be divisible by $2$ but I'm getting stuck using this to help me. How can I sum two values and store the result in other variable? In LaTeX2e,how can I sum two values and assign them to other variable?  I want to compute something like:   var=\textwidth - 1cm    And if both were constants:   var=1+1 How to uninstall a package installed from snapcraft? I used this command line  sudo snap install pwgen-tyhicks   to install pwgen but I can't findout how to use it. So I want to uninstall it. How to  uninstall it? Why is.vector on a data-frame doesn't return TRUE? Empty vector menu in QGIS on PC with French as default language Homomorphism between compact Hausdorff spaces. Why are there two tensions on my free body diagram? Add new alias to Gmail without SMTP (forwarding-only address) I used to be able to go to Accounts and Import → Add another email address you own and add an email account that's only a forwarding address. That is, it's not a mailbox and I don't have SMTP access to it.  Gmail would send me a confirmation email to that address, I'd confirm it's mine, and done. Now it only gives me the option to add SMTP credentials.  Did they stop supporting the previous method? Is there any other way I can get that option back? Bounty not awarded automatically — bug? Suppose we rotate the graph of $y = f(x)$ about the $x$-axis from $a$ to $b$.  Then (using the disk method) the volume is $$\int_a^b \pi f(x)^2 dx$$ since we approximate a little piece as a cylinder.  However, if we want to find the surface area, then we approximate it as part of a cone and the formula is $$\int_a^b 2\pi f(x)\sqrt{1+f'(x)^2} dx.$$  But if approximated it by a circle with thickness $dx$ we would get $$\int_a^b 2\pi f(x) dx.$$  So my question is how come for volume we can make the cruder approximation of a disk but for surface area we can't. Is it possible for information to be transmitted faster than light by using a rigid pole? Is it possible for information (like 1 and 0s) to be transmitted faster than light?   For instance, take a rigid pole of several AU in length. Now say you have a person on each end, and one of them starts pulling and pushing on his/her end.   The person on the opposite end should receive the pushes and pulls instantaneously as no particle is making the full journey.  Would this actually work? How do I fix "Error C1033: cannot open program database"? Installing Ubuntu on a SSD Going to install Ubuntu 10.10 on new intel x25M 80GB SSD. It will be fresh install. I have been googling for past few days and getting overwhelming articles/blogs/Q&amp;As. One particularly very useful being:     But with so many suggestions and differences of opinions (on different links) this simple OS install process seems to be daunting task to me and I really want to stick with Ubuntu (although have used for very short period of time).  Can someone help me by answering few questions (yes, they are repeated because I couldn't comprehend the answers elsewhere)   Which file system (ext2/3/4 or something else)? (consider SSD life) Can it be changed after installation? Should I partition the disk? (as we do in traditional HDD) for now, no plan of dual booting. Only Ubuntu will live on scarce space of 80GB SSD. I have 2 GB RAM, should i still allocate swap space (if I don't allocate swap space, can I still hibernate the machine)? will swap space impact SSD life? Should I consider putting additional 1GB RAM to avoid swap space? What is partition aligning? Is it needed to be done before installing the Ubuntu OS or can be done later?   Intended usage - heavy browsing, programming, regular video/music and some other non-CPU/RAM-intensive programs. Will keep big files in an external hard drive.  laptop config - 3yr old Vaio, Core2 Duo, 2GB RAM  More references:        (resizing/creating does not seem a simple process after look this)