I cant listen where im at but im on a computer. Is there a site that is written? I look up on google and all the websites link to videos.
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Example of vector space such that $cv = 0$ where $c \ne 0$ and $v \ne \vec{0}$ Is there an example of a vector space $V/F$ such that $0 \ne c \in F$, $\vec{0} \ne v \in V$, but $c \cdot v = 0 $?  I couldn't think of an example. Hypothesis test for difference in medians among more than two samples Question  The test scores of three groups of people are saved as separate vectors in R.  set.seed(1) group1 &lt;- rnorm(100, mean = 75, sd = 10) group2 &lt;- rnorm(100, mean = 85, sd = 10) group3 &lt;- rnorm(100, mean = 95, sd = 10)   I want to know if there is a significant difference in the medians between these groups. I know that I could test group 1 versus group 2 using the Wilcoxon test, like so.  wilcox.test(group1, group2)   However, this compares only two groups at a time, and I would like to compare all three simultaneously. I would like a statistical test that yields a p value at the 0.05 significance level. Could someone please help?  Edit #1 - Mood's median test  Following user Hibernating's suggested answer, I tried Mood's median test.  median.test &lt;- function(x, y){     z &lt;- c(x, y)     g &lt;- rep(1:2, c(length(x), length(y)))     m &lt;- median(z)     fisher.test(z &lt; m, g)$p.value }  median.test(group1, group2)   However, this approach allows me to test for a significant difference between the medians of only two groups at a time. I am not sure of how to use it to compare the medians of all three simultaneously.  Edit #2 - Kruskal-Wallis test  User dmartin's suggested answer appears to be more or less what I need, and allows me to test all three groups simultaneously.  kruskal.test(list(group1, group2, group3))   Edit #3  User Greg Snow helpfully notes in his answer that the Kruskal-Wallis test is appropriate as long as it makes strict assumptions that make it also a test of means. I have to give a presentation on the theorem in Real Analysis with a fellow student. While I've looked over the  and verified that, yes, step B does indeed follow logically from step A, etc. and have internalized the proof to the extent that I can replicate it myself on paper, I still feel that I have made little progress as to why this theorem works the way it does, i.e. what is the intuition behind the theorem, such that it should make sense that it follows the way it does. Therefore I ask: what kind of intuition is there about this theorem? It would also be helpful to understand how the theorem can be used effectively in analysis.  I have seen it referred to as a sort of L'Hopital's rule for sequences, which certainly seems to make sense, but I similarly have little intuitive understanding of how that rule works, either.  I am asking this question not only for my personal understanding, but also for the sake of being able to present it in an illuminating manner, such that the rest of the class can also come away with the same sort of intuition of how the theorem works and how it is useful. Any help would be greatly appreciated.  EDIT: I should point out that the formulation of the theorem we are being tasked to prove is the following:  Let $\lbrace a_n \rbrace$, $\lbrace b_n \rbrace$ be sequences, ${b_n}$ strictly increasing and unbounded. Then if $\lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \frac {a_{n+1} - a_n}{b_{n+1} - b_n} = l$ for some $l \in \mathbb R$, then $\lim\limits_{n \to \infty} \frac{a_n}{b_n} = l$ also. How do you define an arbitrary sort sequence for views? How to determine the current widget's parent container (sidebar widget id) What is hardware enablement (HWE)? I see the  package as part of the kernels you can install in Ubuntu.  What is hardware enablement (HWE)? How to extract a number from a string Im a newbie in Apex and im developing a page using Visualforce.  My string format is always like this "xx-xx-999999". In this format I need to get only the integer. For example the string is  "RO-W1-445567". I want to get only the integer 445567 in the string. Can someone willing to share a piece of apex code in my problem.  Your help is vey much appreciated.  Thanks in advance!  Ferdie Banu I have a table tabName with the following rows:  id(PK) .. Created(datetime)     Resolved(datetime) Status(new/resolved/open) 1          2015-05-10 00:00:00   1970-01-01 ..       open 2          2015-05-10 ..         1970-01-01 ..       new 3          2015-05-10            2015-05-12          resolved 4          2015-05-11 ..         1970-01-01 ..       open 5          2015-05-11 ..         1970-01-01 ..       new 6          2015-05-11            2015-05-11          resolved 7          2015-05-12 ..         1970-01-01 ..       open 8          2015-05-12 ..         1970-01-01 ..       new 9          2015-05-12            2015-05-12          resolved   NOTE:  1970-01-01 .. is default time for all the tickets which are still open.  I have to frame a query to get the count of tickets still open, date wise. Say like on 10 May I have 3 tickets opened. Noting that for id = 3, resolved date is not 10 but it's closed on 12 May.  I framed a query like  SELECT DATE_FORMAT(Created, '%d-%m') AS createdd, COUNT(1) FROM tabName WHERE DATE_FORMAT(Resolved, '%d-%m') &gt; DATE_FORMAT(Created, '%d-%m')       AND YEAR(Created) = '2015' GROUP BY createdd;   The above query gets all the tickets whose Resolved date is greater than the date which is considered for the count. This may count newer tickets as well. And also if the older tickets which are not resolved yet is not counted.  Is there any other way to frame the required query? I have been juggling with this query from last 3 days. Not able to find out still.  Updated: As suggested by Abhik, i have tried in sqlfiddle site.  Here is what i created:  CREATE TABLE test    (idint,createddatetime,resolveddatetime, status varchar(15), PRIMARY KEY (id));    INSERT INTO test       (id,'created','resolved',status`) VALUES       (1,'2015-05-10 00:00:00','1970-01-01 00:00:00','open'),    (2,'2015-05-10 00:00:00','1970-01-01 00:00:00','new'),    (3,'2015-05-10 00:00:00','2015-05-12 00:00:00','resolved'),    (4,'2015-05-11 00:00:00','1970-01-01 00:00:00','open'),    (5,'2015-05-11 00:00:00','1970-01-01 00:00:00','new'),    (6,'2015-05-11 00:00:00','2015-05-11 00:00:00','resolved'),    (7,'2015-05-12 00:00:00','1970-01-01 00:00:00','open'),    (8,'2015-05-12 00:00:00','1970-01-01 00:00:00','new'),    (9,'2015-05-12 00:00:00','1970-01-01 00:00:00','open')    ;   `   When i run  ` select created_date, @open:= @open+open_ticket-resolved as open from(  select   date_format(created,'%d-%m') as created_date ,  sum( case when status='open' then 1 else 0 end )+  sum( case when status='new' then 1 else 0 end )+  sum( case when status='resolved' and ( date(resolved) > date(created) or  date(resolved) = date(created)) then 1 else 0 end ) as open_ticket,  sum(case when status = 'resolved' and date(resolved) = date(created) then 1   else 0 end) as resolved  from test  where  YEAR(Created) = '2015'  group by created_date )x,  (select @open:=0)r order by created_date ; `  I got following output  created_date   open 10-05   3 11-05   5 12-05   8  Here count of still open tickets for 12-05 must be 7. The above query includes ticket id "3" , which is closed on 12-05. So is there any way to exclude this? If i am able to get this right, then i will have full fledged query. How can I prove formally that the projective plane is a Hausdorff space? I've recently set up the compiz cube again, and I was very happy to find that that flickering window glitch is gone! However, the cube reflection and deformation plugins are also gone.  I am running a fresh 12.10 install, and I have every compiz plugin package installed (including compiz-plugins-extra, which supposedly contains everything that compiz-fusion-plugins-extra package used to have), but those two plugins are still missing. I haven't been able to find anyone with the same problem.   Any ideas? (thanks!) Please make the multiple comment timer less annoying (non-resetting etc.) As a little feature to prevent comment spam, you can only enter one comment every 15 seconds. That's a very reasonable limitation, since you very rarely have a good reason to write comments that quickly. I've only seen it twice at all, I think, but both times it was extremely annoying.     Only 1 comment allowed per 15 seconds; timer reset.   The reason is that every time you hit the limit, the 15 seconds begin anew. You have no indicator that tells you when you are allowed to comment again, and if you hit enter after just 14 seconds, you're back to zero. Yesterday, I went through four cycles of not quite 15 seconds, counting in my head, before I got a myself a coffee and tried again afterwards.  I suggest that you do one or more of the following (in decreasing order):   Make the counter non-restarting Add a visible countdown Make it clearly visible that you can't comment right now You can actually increase the waiting time, if it is clearly visible and there is no unnerving invisible countdown. Actually, just remove all comment fields after one comment, and tell the user to reload the page. Just please don't have UI elements that look like they would work, but feel like they are trolling you. Is it possible to change the default width of an image included via \includegraphics (from the graphicx package) to a custom value, for example \linewidth.  So I want something like this:  \documentclass{article}  \usepackage[draft,width=\linewidth]{graphicx}  %or something like \setglobalimagewidth=\linewidth  \begin{document}  \includegraphics{test1} %width=\linewidth \includegraphics[width=4cm]{test1} %width=4cm   \end{document} Why do some font commands behave differently? I've always been confused by the differences in behavior of font commands.  For example, we have \mathrm{} and \texttt{}, which can be used like this: \texttt{hello} world.  And then we have \it and \bf which must be used as {\it hello} world. If one uses \it{hello} world, both words are italicized.  Internally, what is the difference here? And was this difference a conscious design decision? If so, why? I have a generic class in my project with derived classes.  public class GenericClass&lt;T&gt; : GenericInterface&lt;T&gt; { }  public class Test : GenericClass&lt;SomeType&gt; { }   Is there any way to find out if a Type object is derived from GenericClass?  t.IsSubclassOf(typeof(GenericClass&lt;&gt;))   does not work. Seeking podcasts related to geospatial technologies? How to use exclamation marks in Minecraft commands? I know that you can use exclamation marks in Minecraft commands to check for an entity that does not have a specific tag. For example, you can use /kill @e[type=!Player] to kill all entities except for the player. I have, however, encountered two problems with using exclamation marks that I can't find a solution for.  For my first problem, I've set up a series of command blocks to summon shootable fireballs above the player’s head when a certain item is being held;  /scoreboard players add @a Fireball 1 {SelectedItem:{tag:{display:{Name:"Summon Fireball"}}}} /execute @a[score_Fireball_min=1,score_Fireball=1] ~ ~ ~ /summon Fireball ~ ~2.5 ~ {direction:[0.0,0.0,0.0]} /scoreboard players set @a Fireball 0   I used a comparator and a redstone torch so that the last command would activate when the first command would deactivate, that is, when the player is not holding the item.  The problem is, that when I move far away from the setup, the redstone stops working, leaving me unable to summon any new fireballs. Instead, I'm trying to use a command block to check when anything except for item is being held;  /scoreboard players set @a Fireball 0 {SelectedItem:{tag:{display:{Name:!"Summon Fireball"}}}}   I’ve either put it at the wrong place, or you simply can’t use exclamation marks in NBT tags. Could someone tell me where I should put the exclamation mark, or in the latter case, how I can check for anything except for a specific item?  Further, I’ve tried using exclamation marks to set the score of all entities, including the ones with a blank score, but except for the ones with a score of 2 or higher, to 0;  /scoreboard players set @e[score_arrows_min!=2] Arrows 0 /scoreboard players set @a Arrows 1 {SelectedItem:{tag:{display:{Name:"Rain of Arrows"}}}} /scoreboard players set @e[type=Arrow] Arrows 2 {inGround:1b}   The code does change the scores of entities without scores to 0, but it doesn’t exclude the arrows with a score of 2. Could anyone tell me what I’m doing wrong here? How to text-to-speech output using command-line? How to get speech output from entered text by using command-line?  Also facility to change speech rate, pitch, volume etc using simple command. In reading I am not sure if the issue below could have something to do with needing a custom wordpress ajax handler? All of these functions are inside my functions.php file. I have a couple of PHP functions that are supposed to pass information from one to another. The an AJAX call to the final function should produce the final result through that call. Its not happening. My count results in 0 and I am not understanding why. If I replace my query with a static array like [44,55,99,33] then it will pass the values ok. Likewise if I keep the query and simply replace the $id in the query and make it a static id such as '20' then it works. I would think that the id was the issue then and it wasnt pulling properly but it seems to work ok just not pass? function idx(){     global $wpdb, $id;       $getId = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];     $ecp = explode('/', $getId);     if($ecp[3] != ''){         $id = $ecp[3];     }         return $id; } add_action( 'after_setup_theme', 'idx' );  =============================================== function Total_Result(){     global $wpdb;     $id = idx();        /*$resultx = [44,88,59,52];*/ ;      $resultx = $wpdb-&gt;get_results( $wpdb-&gt;prepare(&quot;SELECT * FROM {$wpdb-&gt;prefix}custom_form_submission_conversation as cc LEFT JOIN {$wpdb-&gt;prefix}custom_form_submission as cs on cc.fsid ='$id' WHERE fsid='$id'&quot; ));          $resultxs = array($resultx);          $total_result =  count($resultxs[0]);     echo  $total_result; }  when I var_dump $resultx I get: array(3) { [0]=&gt; object(stdClass)#1256 (36) { [“cid”]=&gt; string(3) “167” [“fsid”]=&gt; string(2) “20” [“specified_date”]=&gt; string(3) “yes” [“price_quote”]=&gt; string(4) “1140” [“posted_by”]=&gt; string(9) “dc_vendor” [“limit_count”]=&gt; string(1) “1” [“read_unread”]=&gt; string(1) “1” [“vendor_response”]=&gt; string(4) “zero” [“date_created”]=&gt; string(19) “2021-04-15 11:39:08” }   [1]=&gt; object(stdClass)#1257 (36) { [“cid”]=&gt; string(3) “186” [“fsid”]=&gt; string(2) “20” [“specified_date”]=&gt; string(3) “Yes” [“price_quote”]=&gt; string(3) “602” [“posted_by”]=&gt; string(8) “customer” [“limit_count”]=&gt; string(1) “1” [“read_unread”]=&gt; string(1) “1” [“vendor_response”]=&gt; string(4) “zero” [“date_created”]=&gt; string(19) “2021-04-15 11:39:08” }   [2]=&gt; object(stdClass)#1258 (36) { [“cid”]=&gt; string(3) “188” [“fsid”]=&gt; string(2) “20” [“specified_date”]=&gt; string(3) “yes” [“price_quote”]=&gt; string(4) “1017” [“posted_by”]=&gt; string(9) “dc_vendor” [“limit_count”]=&gt; string(1) “1” [“read_unread”]=&gt; string(1) “0” [“vendor_response”]=&gt; string(4) “zero” [“date_created”]=&gt; string(19) “2021-04-15 11:39:08” } }   so then I try and pass that data like so: function getvendorresponsestatus() {     global $wpdb; $id = idx();          $total_resultx = Total_Result($id);         die; }  Ive tried with and without the die();. The AJAX call is: setInterval(function(){     var ffiidd = jQuery('#ffiidd').val();     var ajaxurl = &quot;&lt;?php echo admin_url('admin-ajax.php'); ?&gt;&quot;;          jQuery.post(ajaxurl, {         action: &quot;vendorAjaxprog&quot;,         ffiidd: ffiidd     }, function(data) {         console.log(data);         jQuery.post(ajaxurl, {             action: &quot;getvendorresponsestatus&quot;, //&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt;&lt; this is the action that calls the function             fsid : ffiidd         },         function(datas) {             console.log('+ datas);             jQuery('.cust_vendor_top').html(datas);         });         if(data == 0){}else{             jQuery('.ajaxreload').html(data);                                     }     });               }, 5000);/*==30 seconds==*/  So the question is why wont it pass along the query array information but it passes a basic array or it will pass if I change the id in the query to be static? I know the query is good because of when I var_dumped it, I have results before I get to the Total_Result() function. How can I analytically prove that randomly dividing an amount results in an exponential distribution (of e.g. income and wealth)? In this current  the following is being proposed:      Suppose you randomly divide 500 million in income among 10,000   people. There's only one way to give everyone an equal, 50,000 share.   So if you're doling out earnings randomly, equality is extremely   unlikely. But there are countless ways to give a few people a lot of   cash and many people a little or nothing. In fact, given all the ways   you could divvy out income, most of them produce an exponential   distribution of income.   I have done this with the following R code which seems to reaffirm the result:  library(MASS)  w &lt;- 500000000 #wealth p &lt;- 10000 #people  d &lt;- diff(c(0,sort(runif(p-1,max=w)),w)) #wealth-distribution h &lt;- hist(d, col="red", main="Exponential decline", freq = FALSE, breaks = 45, xlim = c(0, quantile(d, 0.99)))  fit &lt;- fitdistr(d,"exponential") curve(dexp(x, rate = fit$estimate), col = "black", type="p", pch=16, add = TRUE)     My question How can I analytically prove that the resulting distribution is indeed exponential?  Addendum Thank you for your answers and comments. I have thought about the problem and came up with the following intuitive reasoning. Basically the following happens (Beware: oversimplification ahead): You kind of go along the amount and toss a (biased) coin. Every time you get e.g. heads you divide the amount. You distribute the resulting partitions. In the discrete case the coin tossing follows a binomial distribution, the partitions are geometrically distributed. The continuous analogues are the poisson distribution and the exponential distribution respectively! (By the same reasoning it also becomes intuitively clear why the geometrical and the exponential distribution have the property of memorylessness - because the coin doesn't have a memory either). Ubuntu can't be installed on my system because of what the title says. This is because support Intel HD Graphics 530 was only just added in Linux kernel 4.3 and all versions of Ubuntu only have kernel versions up to 4.2 as of 15.10. My computer's processor is the new Intel Skylake 6600K if you need to know, everything else is generic. It has a UEFI BIOS motherboard. Help?