when I set cpu frequency range with this command:  sudo cpupower frequency-set -d 500MHz -u 2700MHz   the frequency range is succesfully set to these values, but when I reboot and do:  sudo cpupower frequency-info   i notice that the frequency range is set to other values. This is the output:  analyzing CPU 0:   driver: intel_pstate   CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0   CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0   maximum transition latency:  Cannot determine or is not supported.   hardware limits: 500 MHz - 2.70 GHz   available cpufreq governors: performance powersave   current policy: frequency should be within 1.08 GHz and 1.08 GHz.                   The governor "powersave" may decide which speed to use                   within this range.   current CPU frequency: Unable to call hardware   current CPU frequency: 998 MHz (asserted by call to kernel)   boost state support:     Supported: yes     Active: yes   Can anyone help me make it not reset? Thanks!
I have a Lenovo T570 with Xubuntu 18.04 LTS. My current issue is that my cpu speed stepping is kind of going nuts and does what ever it thinks its best.  Sample: when I run my IDE and cpu load increases during build time, the governor changes automatically. I caught the moment during compiling my project with the following call:  martin@martin-ThinkPad-T570:~$ while cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor; do sleep 1; done powersave powersave performance performance   cpufreq-info tells me this:  martin@martin-ThinkPad-T570:~$ cpufreq-info  cpufrequtils 008: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2009 Report errors and bugs to cpufreq@vger.kernel.org, please. analyzing CPU 0:   driver: intel_pstate   CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0   CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0   maximum transition latency: 4294.55 ms.   hardware limits: 400 MHz - 3.50 GHz   available cpufreq governors: performance, powersave   current policy: frequency should be within 3.50 GHz and 3.50 GHz.                   The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use                   within this range.   current CPU frequency is 3.25 GHz. analyzing CPU 1:   driver: intel_pstate   CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 1   CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 1   maximum transition latency: 4294.55 ms.   hardware limits: 400 MHz - 3.50 GHz   available cpufreq governors: performance, powersave   current policy: frequency should be within 3.50 GHz and 3.50 GHz.                   The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use                   within this range.   current CPU frequency is 3.36 GHz. analyzing CPU 2:   driver: intel_pstate   CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 2   CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 2   maximum transition latency: 4294.55 ms.   hardware limits: 400 MHz - 3.50 GHz   available cpufreq governors: performance, powersave   current policy: frequency should be within 3.50 GHz and 3.50 GHz.                   The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use                   within this range.   current CPU frequency is 3.26 GHz. analyzing CPU 3:   driver: intel_pstate   CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 3   CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 3   maximum transition latency: 4294.55 ms.   hardware limits: 400 MHz - 3.50 GHz   available cpufreq governors: performance, powersave   current policy: frequency should be within 3.50 GHz and 3.50 GHz.                   The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use                   within this range.   current CPU frequency is 3.36 GHz.   Please take a look at     current policy: frequency should be within 3.50 GHz and 3.50 GHz.       The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use   Afterwards to go back to powersave I use my little script:  martin@martin-ThinkPad-T570:~$ cat cpu_freq_save.sh  #!/bin/bash sudo cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 0 --min 400MHz sudo cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 1 --min 400MHz sudo cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 2 --min 400MHz sudo cpufreq-set -g powersave -c 3 --min 400MHz   Which resets the min frequency and the governor but as soon as I compile again with my IDE every time the governor and the min frequency changes again.  Any idea how I can disable that automatic change?  PS: If you need more details, just tell me where to find them and I will provide them
Presentation of SL$(n,\mathbb{Z}_p)$ I know a presentation of the special linear group SL$(2,3)$(). My question is that-     Can we give a presentation for SL$(n,\mathbb{Z}_p)$ in general or in more general can we  give a presentation for SL$(n,\mathbb{F})$,where $\mathbb{F}$ is field.   As J.P. Serre had given presentation for SL$(2,\mathbb{Z})$   $$\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z}) = \langle \,S, T \mid S^4 = 1, (ST)^3 = S^2 \,\rangle$$ where, \begin{align}     S &amp;=     \begin{pmatrix}     \phantom{-}0&amp; 1 \\ -1 &amp; 0     \end{pmatrix},     &amp;     T &amp;=      \begin{pmatrix}     1 &amp; 0 \\ 1 &amp; 1     \end{pmatrix}. \end{align} I wants it to be more general. How is Faulhaber's formula derived? What does 'synchronized' mean? How to diagnose computer lockups and freezes? I built a desktop computer a couple years back with the following specs:  CPU: Intel  Yorkfield 2.5GHz 6 MB L2 Cache LGA 775 95W Quad-Core Processor BX80580Q9300 Motherboard:  LGA 775 NVIDIA nForce 680i SLI ATX Intel Motherboard Video Card: Two  GeForce 8600GT SCC 256 MB 128-bit GDDR3 PCI Express x16 SLI Supported Video Card PSU: SeaSonic S12 Energy Plus  ATX12V V2.3 / EPS12V V2.91 SLI Certified CrossFire Ready 80 PLUS Certified Active PFC Power Supply Memory: Two G.SKILL 4 GB (2 x 2 GB) 240-Pin DDR2 SDRAM DDR2 800 (PC2 6400) Dual Channel Kit Desktop Memory   Since its inception, the machine has periodically locked up, the regularity having varied over the years from once a day to once a month. Typically, lockups happen once every few days. By &quot;lockup&quot; I mean my computer just freezes. The screen locks up, I can't move the mouse. Hitting keys on my keyboard that normally turn LEDs on or off on the keyboard (such as Caps Lock) no longer turn the LEDs on or off. If there was music playing at the time of the lockup, noise keeps coming out of the speakers, but it's just the current frequency/note that plays indefinitely. There is no BSOD. When such a lockup occurs I have to do a hard reboot by either turning off the computer or hitting the reset button. I have the most recent version of the NVIDIA hardware drivers, and update them semi-regularly, but that hasn't seemed to help. I am currently using Windows 7 x64, but was previously using Windows Server 2003 x64 and having the same lockup issues. My guess is that it's somehow video driver or motherboard related, but I don't know how to go about diagnosing this problem to narrow down which of the two is the culprit.  Additional information re: cooling Regarding cooling... I've not installed any after-market cooling systems aside from two regular fans I scavenged from an older computer. The fan atop the CPU is the one that shipped with it. One of the two scavenged fans I added it located at the bottom tower of the corner, in an attempt to create some airflow from front to back. The second fan is pointed directly at the two video cards.  SpeedFan installation and readings Per studiohack's suggestion, I installed , which provided the following temperature readings:  GPU: 63C GPU: 65C System: 76C CPU: 64C AUX: 36C Core 0: 78C Core 1: 76C Core 2: 79C Core 3: 79C   Update #3: Another Lockup :-( Well, I had another lockup last night. :-( SpeedFan reported the CPU temp at 38 C when it happened, and there was no spike in temperature leading up to the freeze. One thing I notice is that the freeze seems more likely to happen if I am watching a video. In fact, of the last 5 freezes over the past month, 4 of them have been while watching a video on Flickr. Not necessarily the same video, but a video nevertheless. I don't know if this is just coincidence or if it means anything. (As an aside, each night before bedtime my 2 year old daughter sits on my lap and watches some home videos on Flickr and, in the last month, has learned the phrase, &quot;Uh oh, computer broke.&quot;)  Update #4: MemTest86 and 3DMark06 Test Results: Per suggestions in the comments, I ran the MemTest86 overnight and it cycled through the 8 GB of memory 5 times without error. I also ran the 3DMark06 test without a problem (see my scores at ). So... what now? :-) Any further suggestions on what to check? Is there some way to get a stack trace or something when the computer locks like that? Resolution I have never did figure out the particular problems, but based on the suggestions here and elsewhere, I'm presuming it was a motherboard issue. In any event, I recently upgraded my system, buying a new motherbeard, PSU, CPU, and RAM, and that new rig has been working splendidly the past several weeks. I am using the same graphic cards as in the old setup, so I think it's safe to reason that they weren't the cause of the problem. SQL Server equivalent to Oracle's CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW How to prove this decomposition of sum of squares? I am reading a paper   It has a mathematical step shown as  $$\sum_{i=1}^{n}(x_i-\mu)^2=n(\mu-\overline x)+\sum_{i=1}^n(x_i-\overline x)^2$$  Here the $\mu$ is unknown parameter and $\overline x$ is the known mean of $\mathbf x=(x_1, x_2, x_3, \dots,x_n)$  How do I demonstrate this identity? Identification of particles and anti-particles How to Async.AwaitTask on plain Task (not Task)? Can I enable AHCI after installing Windows 7 in a SATA drive that was on IDE mode? 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I've just found  for a review ban duration to be extended automatically at every new suspension . But it's speaking of 2, 7, 30 days.  I've heard from a moderator that the suspension duration is 7, 30, 365 days. Is that correct? Can a moderator change the duration of a suspension? How run a .jar file with a double-click? How to handle repeated references in footnotes? I live in an apartment which provides Internet service included in the rent. They use a company called Pavlov for the Internet    wireless seems to be working fine but wired connection is at least %30 faster.  Ethernet, Cat5 outlet is built in the wall, and there is only 1 outlet in each room.  I would like to take this 1 outlet coming out the wall and multiply it into 4 wires, for desktop, Playstation, TV and laptop, without losing any Internet bandwidth.   I have absolutely no idea whether this line is coming from a switch or a router but I have been researching Ethernet splitter, routers, switches, hubs and haven't found a solid answer.   Is there a way I can do this?  This picture cleared up few things:     It seems that an Ethernet switch is to Ethernet as a USB hub is to USB, but with packet inspection.  What is a 10/100Mbps Network Switch, actually, and what is the cap? Center Gravity in Unity How can I set Excel to always import all columns of CSV files as Text? Though I try to avoid it, I occasionally have to open a CSV file in Excel. When I do, it formats columns containing numbers, which makes them useless for my purposes. As far as I can tell, the only way to prevent this from happening on import is to rename the file so the extension isn't .csv and use the import wizard to specify the format of each column individually. For files with 50-60 columns, this is impractical.  Since every answer for this oft-asked question on the internet suggests either some means of converting the formatted numbers back once the file is open (which won't work for me - I want to solve the general problem, not a few specific cases) or manually selecting the format type of each column (which I don't want to do), I'm looking for a way to set a global preference or style such that all columns of all CSV files opened are always formatted as text.  I know about "armoring" the numbers with quotes, too, but the files I get don't come like that and I was hoping to avoid having to pre-process the files so Excel doesn't screw them up.  Is there a way to do specifically this: Always format all columns in opened CSV files as text, without manually selecting each column every time during import?  I'm using Excel 2003, but I'll take answers for 2007 if that's what you know. Roots in a polynomial ring So the first picture is right after I selected where I will cut, and the second picture is after pressing Enter/Space Bar which should apply my previous result to the world. But it is not what I asked blender for, and it tries to snap at vertices. In the tutorial video, it seems that I can cut edges without already existing vertices but it is not the case for me. How do I change this? Does Google treat different ports as different sites?