Could not initialize the package information An unresolvable problem occurred while initializing the package information. Please report this bug against the 'update-manager' package and include the following error message:  E:Encountered a section with no Package: header,  E:Problem with MergeList /var/lib/apt/lists/dl.google.com_linux_earth_deb_dists_stable_main_i18n_Translation-pt%5fBR,  E:As listas de pacotes ou o ficheiro de status não pôde ser analisado ou aberto.
The computer gave me this output in a window:  E: Encountered a section with no Package: header E: Problem with MergeList /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_main_binary-i386_Packages E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.   How can I fix this?
Any software for windows Writing custom (intelligent) microsoft windows firewall extension (C#/C++/C) Writing custom (intelligent) firewall for windows Installing nginx etc. on the same computer and use it as proxy with rules.   "You could not solve all Ddos problems with software" is not answer for this question.I want to reduce Ddos vulnarebility of my server.(It will stop low-level Ddos attacks)  Hosted solutions or cloud services are not related with this question.  Closing some of the ports and protocols via Microsot Windows Firewall is not related with this question.  Any idea?  EDIT After Questions  Low level: sample scenerio: 500 zombie clients and each of them sending 100 Custom Get/Post requests per second)   Web Application is on IIS. I want to stop attacks before they reach to IIS.  EDIT After Helpful Comment  How can the DDOS attack achieve its aim?   Exhausting bandwidth ( Not related with my question) Exhausting network hardware of server (NIC) ( Not related with my question) Exhausting server resources (RAM,CPU)  (Yep, I mean this)   If you stop attacks late, then you lost more resources! (Is this false?)   You can stop attacks on Web Application Level (in Asp.net MVc Code or in Handler) You can stop attacks on IIS (Dynamic Ip Restrictions)  You can stop attacks on lower levels (Firewall ..)   EXTRA INFO ABOUT THE LAST ATTACK (7 Hours ago)  When I connected server during the attack IIS Cpu Utilization was %92-%99. And when I try to connect homepage I got this error:  A connection was successfully established with the server, but then an error occurred during the pre-login handshake. (provider: SSL Provider, error: 0 - The wait operation timed out.) I've encountered different usages of preposition + Home and I want to learn which of them are correct.  Some examples:     Back home   Back at home   Back to home With services like Google Finance or Yahoo Finance it is very convenient to find the historical stock price metric of a listed company, but if the company is not listed, I can't find the data.  For example, I want to see the price metrics for Macromedia, which had been listed in 1993 on NASDAQ (MACR), then acquired by Adobe in 2005. How could I find its historical price metrics? Is it possible to get rid of the bullets in the miniframes outer theme How many arguments does a function require, and how to use that in `Manipulate` 554 5.7.1 : Relay access denied centos postfix I have problem in send mail from postfix in centos  I have following  for sending mail but I am getting error.  As in the link I tried following commands  telnet localhost smtp  Trying ::1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. 220 mydomain.com ESMTP Postfix ehlo localhost 250-mydomain.com 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 250-8BITMIME 250 DSN mail from:&lt;domain.com&gt; 250 2.1.0 Ok rcpt to:&lt;test@gmail.com&gt; 554 5.7.1 &lt;test@gmail.com&gt;: Relay access denied   Edit-1  In terminal this works  echo TEST | mail -v -s "Test mail" testing@gmail.com   my postconf -n shows belog information  alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases command_directory = /usr/sbin config_directory = /etc/postfix daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix data_directory = /var/lib/postfix debug_peer_level = 2 home_mailbox = Maildir/ html_directory = no inet_interfaces = localhost inet_protocols = all mail_owner = postfix mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix manpage_directory = /usr/share/man mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain mydomain = dummy.com myhostname = dummy.com mynetworks = all mynetworks_style = host myorigin = $mydomain newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/README_FILES sample_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.6.6/samples sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix setgid_group = postdrop unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550   What configuration I have to perform to send mails from my server. Solving a Linear Diophantine Equation A Linear Diophantine Equation is of the following form:                                                                                        $Ax+By+C=0$, where $x_1 \leq x \leq x_2$ and $y_1 \leq y \leq y_2$.  If the value of $A,B,C,x_1,x_2,y_1,y_2$ are given and $x_1 \leq x_2$ and $y_1 \leq y_2$, then how many solutions can be found? How can I find out the total number of solutions according to the above condition. Why aren't there any fighter carriers in the Star Trek universe? All of the ships of every species seem to be medium to large vessels with multiple crew members. Why aren't there single fighter craft and carrier ships to transport them in mass?  I've just noticed the difference between Battlestar Galactica and Star Trek, where the former has primarily aircraft carriers, and the latter has battleships.   Wouldn't a huge fleet of small fighters be extremely maneuverable and possibly stealthy?  Update:  For clarity, my question is not about the Federation and their choice of ships, but the universe at large. I would think there would be some diversity in space warfare strategy, such as huge armadas of fighters with base stations / carriers. I want to list a company name in the author field of a bibliographic entry:  @book{CUDA,   author    = {NVIDIA Corporation},   title     = {NVIDIA CUDA Compute Unified Device Architecture Programming Guide},   publisher = {NVIDIA Corporation},   year      = {2007} }   But the entry keeps showing up "N. Corporation".  Is there a way to get the full author name to show up?  I'm currently using the siam BibTEX style. Calculating lat/lons from PostGIS table which has projected coordinate system? I have a PostGIS table in a projected coordinate system (EPSG: 28355 or MGA94 Zone 55). In QGIS (with the PostGIS manager plugin) I calculate a coordinate by performing the following SQL:  UPDATE gisprod.buildings SET easting = x(centroid(the_geom))    Now I want to add a "lat" and "lon" field to this table and calculate the values using the appropriate coordinate system, in this case that would be (EPSG:4283 or GDA94).   Is there a way I can specify in the SQL statement to calculate the x/y coord using a different coordinate system? Hydrostatic pressure - doesn't density vary with depth? Our class is learning about hydrostatic water pressure and we have been told that we can calculate the force of the liquid on an object at any depth using "the density x 9.8 x the depth". However, as the depth increases, wouldn't the density of the liquid increase because of the weight of the liquid above it compressing it? So should't there be something in the equation to account for the varying density? To me, "density x 9.8 x depth" seems like it is saying that the density will be constant... How does IPv4 Subnetting Work? This is a  about IPv4 Subnets.      Related:               How does Subnetting Work, and How do you do it by hand or in your head?  Can someone explain both conceptually and with several examples? Server Fault gets lots of subnetting homework questions, so we could use an answer to point them to on Server Fault itself.   If I have a network, how do I figure out how to split it up? If I am given a netmask, how do I know what the network Range is for it? Sometimes there is a slash followed by a number, what is that number? Sometimes there is a subnet mask, but also a wildcard mask, they seem like the same thing but they are different? Someone mentioned something about knowing binary for this? How to put legend below the chart? I have the following code that produces a line chart:  \begin{figure}[p]     \centering \begin{tikzpicture}     \begin{axis}[     use units,     cycle list name=exotic, %This defines the color. It produces nicer colors         width=15cm, height=8cm,     % size of the image         grid = major,         grid style={dashed, gray!30},         %xmode=log,log basis x=10,         %ymode=log,log basis y=10,         xmin=0,     % start the diagram at this x-coordinate         ymin=0,     % start the diagram at this y-coordinate         %/pgfplots/xtick={0,5,...,60}, % make steps of length 5         %extra x ticks={23},         %extra y ticks={0.507297},         axis background/.style={fill=white},         ylabel=Time,         xlabel=Number of Datapoints (n),         y unit=s,y unit prefix=m,         tick align=outside]        % import the correct data from a CSV file       \addplot table [col sep=comma,trim cells=true,y=Best Case (Ascending)] {datasets/time_mergesort.txt};           \addplot table [col sep=comma,trim cells=true,y=Average Case (Random)] {datasets/time_mergesort.txt};                     \addplot table [col sep=comma,trim cells=true,y=Worst Case (Descending)] {datasets/time_mergesort.txt};                      \legend{Ascending,Random,Descending}     \end{axis}  \end{tikzpicture}     \caption{Mergesort Run Time for Sorting Random Data}     \label{fig:merge_sort_from_csv} \end{figure}   And at the moment the legend appears on the chart on the upper right corner. I need to move that below the chart, or even to leave that on the chart but to move that on the upper left corner.   I have tried the solution mentioned at , but it did not work for me.  How can I move the axis in a different position? In a Cycles scene I have an equirectangular image serving as an Environment Texture background (set in the World settings).  I have a glossy object being partially lit by the Environment Texture, as well as getting reflections from it.  Is there a way I can exclude the Environment Texture from affecting the glossy object completely? I want the image as background wallpaper only. The glossy object should be affected by other objects and lights within the scene: everything except the Environment Texture. Prove that if $\gcd(a,b)=1$ then $\gcd(ab,c) = \gcd(a,c) \gcd(b,c)$ Allowing a group Read-Write Access to a directory Does a MCMC fulfilling detailed balance yields a stationary distribution? I guess I understand the equation of the detailed balance condition, which states that for transition probability $q$ and stationary distribution $\pi$, a Markov Chain satisfies detailed balance if $$q(x|y)\pi(y)=q(y|x)\pi(x),$$  this makes more sense to me if I restate it as:   $$\frac{q(x|y)}{q(y|x)}= \frac{\pi(x)}{\pi(y)}. $$  Basically, the probability of transition from state $x$ to state $y$ should be proportional to the ratio of their probability densities. In Drupal 7, I used the Secure login module to run the site on a secure connection, but it seems it doesn't revert back to http on logout. I would like to just run the whole site as https:// as a simplification.  Is there a simple way to do this without the use of module? Why isn't Jon executed on sight? So, to get spoilers out of the way -       Jon Snow is too honorable to break his oath and leave the Night's Watch.  However, he is stabbed a bunch, dies, and due to a line in the Night's Watch oath - "It shall not end until my death" - is able to leave without his usual reservation.   Now, this is fine from Jon's perspective.  However, there is a fairly rigid law about the Wall's deserters being punished by death. Which makes me wonder: why isn't Jon having more trouble with this?   He knows what happened, but others don't.  And the explanation that he actually did die doesn't seem like one the lands' lords and authorities would take on faith.  I know I wouldn't.  His story isn't quite like Sam's, who was sent by the Night's Watch to become a maester.  Jon is famous enough that many would know who he is, and that he has taken the black.  But a story like him dying and coming back to life is probably one that takes quite a but of time to stick - if it ever does.  A possible explanation might be that people know Jon is honorable and trust him. Or that they don't care about the law, and think that they can somehow benefit from not executing him - although the law seems to be a strict one, and not everyone seems to be psyched to help Jon out.  Or maybe by that time people coming back to life is a common enough thing that people believe it that easily.  Speculation aside, however, I am curious whether this was directly addressed from the higher-ups - the makers of the show, or the big boss himself.  Why isn't Jon executed on sight? Proving the sum of two independent Cauchy Random Variables is Cauchy