I'm recieving data using an OSC server and the data looks like this:  b'Person0/elements/alpha_absolute\x00,dddd\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00?\xbbP\x128\xe6/\xd4\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' b'Person0/elements/alpha_absolute\x00,dddd\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00?\xbbOw\x8f\xa7\xac\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' b'Person0/elements/alpha_absolute\x00,dddd\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00?\xbb\x10\x1f\xf2JN\xed\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' b'Person0/elements/alpha_absolute\x00,dddd\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00?\xbah[\nY\xe9K\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' b'Person0/elements/alpha_absolute\x00,dddd\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00?\xb8\x8f\x97\xb1\x04\xc4B\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00'   The data title is: Person0/elements/alpha_absolute and the arguments is: dddd (4 floats)  The rest seems to be encoded. I don't understand how to get the 4 floats I'm supposed to recieve  This is my whole code:  import socket  print('Program Initiated') UDP_IP = "127.0.0.1" UDP_PORT = 6000  sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,  # Internet                  socket.SOCK_DGRAM)  # UDP sock.bind((UDP_IP, UDP_PORT))  while True:     data, addr = sock.recvfrom(2048)  # buffer size is 1024 bytes  if 'alpha' in str(data):     print(data)
I received some text that is encoded, but I don't know what charset was used. Is there a way to determine the encoding of a text file using Python?  deals with C#.
Graphics horribly corrupted on Ubuntu 16.04 in VirtualBox, showing random strips of pixelated colors Efficiency of a heat pump water heater during the winter In my understanding, heat pump water heaters pump energy from the room around the water tank into the water.  Clearly, this must be energy efficient in the summer time, especially if I am using AC anyway. The heat pump water heater may actually cool the house a bit.  However, in the winter time the savings are not so obvious. If I am using a heater to heat the home, including the water tank room, then I don't see how there can be any savings. Instead of generating heat using a coil in the water, I generate heat in another area of the house which gets pumped into the water. A joule is a joule and I need to get it from somewhere. It seems to me that if I am actively heating the house, and lets assume everything is electric, then a heat pump water heater cannot be more efficient than a traditional one.  Am I missing something in the winter case? Incorrectly answered 'No' to "Any previous visa refusals..." on a UK Standard Visitor visa application. How can I fix my mistake? Getting the default text editor used in system I have used select-editor and I note that I am using /usr/bin/nano. Is this the default text editor I am using?  When I open text files, It opens with gedit  What command in terminal must be specified to get the default text editor that I am using, and have it returned to e in terminal? Proof of an inequality by induction: $(1 + x_1)(1 + x_2)...(1 + x_n) \ge 1 + x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_n$ Let $n \in \mathbb N^+$. Show that if $x_1, x_2, ... , x_n$ are $n$ real numbers such that $-1 \le x_i \le 0$ for each $1 \le i \le n$, then $$(1 + x_1)(1 + x_2)...(1 + x_n) \ge 1 + x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_n$$  I am using a proof by induction, but I am unable to complete it. I would appreciate any tips on how I could finish the proof.   Incomplete Proof Let $P(n)$ be the proposition that $(1 + x_1)(1 + x_2)...(1 + x_n) \ge 1 + \sum_{i = 1} ^ n x_i$. When $n = 1$, LHS = RHS = $1 + x_i$. Clearly $1 + x_i \ge 1 + x_i$ and so $P(1)$ is true. Assume that $P(k)$ is true, i.e. $(1 + x_1)(1 + x_2)...(1 + x_k) \ge 1 + \sum_{i=1}^k x_i$. Case 1 Suppose $x_{k + 1}  = -1$. Then $1 + x_{k + 1} = 0$, hence LHS = $(1 + x_1)(1 + x_2)...(1 + x_k)(1 + x_{k+1}) = 0$. RHS = $1 + x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_k - 1 = x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_k$ which is always nonpositive since each $x_i$ is nonpositive. Hence RHS $\le 0$ and so LHS $\ge$ RHS. Case 2 Suppose $x_{k+1} = 0$. Then $1 + x_{k+1} = 1$, hence multiplying it to LHS does not change anything. Also, adding $x_{k+1}$ to RHS does not change anything. Therefore, LHS $\ge$ RHS still holds. Case 3 Suppose $-1 &lt; x_{k+1} &lt; 0$. Then $0 &lt; 1 + x_{k+1} &lt; 1$. Adding $x_{k+1}$ to RHS makes the RHS smaller since $x_{k+1}$ is negative. If LHS $= 0$, then multiplying $1 + x_{k+1}$ to LHS does not change anything, and so LHS $\ge$ RHS holds. If LHS > $0$, then multiplying $1 + x_{k+1}$ to LHS makes the LHS smaller since $0 &lt; 1 + x_{k+1} &lt; 1$. In this case LHS $\ge$ RHS does not necessarily hold? ... Get the size of the screen, current web page and browser window What does 'Ign' , `Get` or 'Hit' mean when running an apt-get update? I had a bunch of errors in the output of sudo apt-get update:  duplicate entries and 404 not found errors.  Figured those out, I hope: I removed PPAs that didn't have any packages associated with them, then I removed out a duplicate entry in /etc/apt/sources.list.  It seems I have royally buggered it up.  Now most of the lines say Ign when I do sudo apt-get update.  How do I go about straightening out what I have screwed up?  I need to get rid of these Igns that are all over the place.  There are about 50% (eyeball guess) Igns! How to increase swap space? If apostrophe + s is the acceptable way of denoting a genitive in English, is it possible that possessive pronouns, such as hers, ours and yours, started life as possessive adjectives with apostrophe + s?  E.g. her's, our's, your's, their's? Perhaps, even his' ? Its and my obviously stick out from this tempting pattern.  Is there any evidence that this might be the case, or is the 's completely unrelated? Prove by mathematical induction that $n^3 - n$ is divisible by $3$ for all natural number $n$ What is the moment of a joint random variable? Simple question, yet surprisingly difficult to find an answer online.  I know that for a RV $X$, we define the kth moment as $$\int X^k \ d P = \int x^k f(x) \ dx$$ where the equality follows if $p = f \cdot m$, for a density $f$ and Lebesgue measure $m$.  So, what is the kth moment of, say, $(X,Y)$? $\int (X,Y) \ d P$ doesn't really seem like the answer to me.... How did this character come to be in the Nethersphere? How is it that       The Master   Came to be in the Nethersphere?  The last time we saw him      He died and refused to regenerate.  The Doctor even cremated his body.   So, given what previously happened to him, how was he now able to      Regenerate as Missy and take over the Nethersphere? Editing the "Self-Learner" Badge Description Stemming from  the text for "Self-Learner" badge is pretty easy to get confused by.  Current Text     Answered your own question with score of 3 or more    Issue  The person in the above question was confused as they thought they needed to answer their own question, and that the question had to have a score of 3 or more. What it actually means is that they have to answer their own question, and the answer needs to have a score of three or more. The way it is phrased is ambiguous, so why not make it clear?  Suggestion  Edit the text as follows:     Provide an answer with a score of 3 or more to your own question   No more confusion. I've recently updated to Ubuntu 20.04. When English is not the chosen language all shortcuts don't work (such as Ctrl + C, Ctrl + A, etc). It was working fine in the previous versions. What happened and What can I do to fix it? Was Yoda fully sane on Dagobah? Our (and Luke's) original impression of Yoda is by no means flattering. He looks like a crazy hungry green thing that unfortunately has the ability to speak. Yoda digs through Luke's stuff, eats Luke's food, and, obsessed with that awesome little flashlight, ends up stealing it. (He even goes so far as to fight with Artoo over it.)  So was Yoda slowly losing it during all those years as a hermit?  Perhaps going from fighting battles and conversing with others on a daily basis to living in total isolation with no one to speak with would play a part in that? Or could Yoda have been faking his apparent insanity for some reason? (If so, what is mentioned reason?) Prove that there are infinitely many primes and non-primes in the numbers $10^n+1$, where $n$ is a natural number. So numbers are 101, 1001, 10001 etc. I have been thinking on and off about a problem for some time now. It is inspired by an exam problem which I solved but I wanted to find an alternative solution. The object was to prove that some sequence of functions converges weakly to zero in $L^2$.   I managed to show (with some help) that the limit $f$ (of a subsequence) satisfies $\int_0^x f \ dm=0$ for all $x&gt;0 $. From this I want to conclude that $f=0$ a.e. I can do this with the fundamental theorem of calculus in its Lebesgue version but there ought to be a more elementary proof.  Can someone here help me out? Retry a task multiple times based on user input in case of an exception in task What are the current travel restrictions on individuals entering the United States from regions affected by Covid-19? This community wiki explains the current restrictions by the United States of America on the entry of individuals who may pose a risk of transmission of the SARS-Cov2, the virus which causes the Covid-19 disease. What does "it" refer to in "it's raining"? I wanted to leave the question title as is so as not to take away from my amusement :).  Anyway,     It's raining.   What is raining? Is it the sky? The clouds? The weather? The rain? What is "it"? Any historical insights on the statement?