I just recently installed ubuntu and i really dont know much about it, i want to know how to easily install applications on ubuntu, cuz i have installed utorrent and teamviewer through terminal using tutorial online. but using terminal and watching tutorial of how to install applications too much, if there is any easy way like in windows double click and next next for tar.gz files or any other applications.  like i have downloaded a file   https://www.torproject.org/download/download-easy.html.en   and now i want to install it,but i dont know how cuz i will have to use terminal for this and i am not good in using terminal.
In Ubuntu 13.04 I used to use the ppa:upubuntu-com/tor64  PPA to install the 64-bit Tor Browser Bundle. However, in Ubuntu 13.10 it doesn't work anymore. How do I install the Tor Browser Bundle in Ubuntu?
I have frequently encountered both $\langle a,b \rangle$ and $[a,b]$ as notation for closed . I have mostly encountered $(a,b)$ for open intervals, but I have also seen $]a,b[$. I recall someone calling the notation with $[a,b]$ and $]a,b[$ as French notation.   What are the origins of the two notations?  Is the name French notation correct? Are they used frequently in France? Or were they perhaps prevalent in French mathematical community at some point? (In this  Bourbaki is mentioned in connection with the notation $]a,b[$.)      Since several answerers have already mentioned that they have never seen $\langle a,b \rangle$ to be used for closed intervals, I have tried to look for some occurrences for this. The best I can come up with is the article on , where these notations are called Czech notation and French notation. Using $(a,b)$ and $[a,b]$ is called English notation in that article. (I am from Central Europe, too, so it is perhaps not that surprising that I have seen this notation in lectures.) I also tried to google for  or . Surprisingly, this lead me to a  where this notation is used for open interval. Where are the save files in Skyrim? Displaying intersecting roads and creating multiple labels for long roads in QGIS? I am new to GIS and I am using QGIS 1.7.3 on Windows.  Can any one tell me how to display a map from line shapefile with these two characteristics:   Roads are displayed with borders at the sides and intersect at crossroads Name label for long roads are duplicated at specified intervals   Here is the link to an image that illustrates my idea:    (The map was taken from underdark's blog)  This is the best I can achieve by drawing lines with two overlapping simple line, one slightly bigger than the other: If photons have no mass, how can they have momentum? Nautilus bookmarks are missing since upgrade to 13.04 My bookmarks are not shown anymore after upgrading to 13.04 Raring ringtails and I can't add any new bookmarks. The function is not shown and the shortcut Ctrl+D isn't working either. Is this functionality just gone for some reason (as the split screen with F3) or is there something wrong with my upgrade?  Thanks for any hints. I am creating a GUI frontend for the Eve Online API in Python.  I have successfully pulled the XML data from their server.  I am trying to grab the value from a node called "name":  from xml.dom.minidom import parse dom = parse("C:\\eve.xml") name = dom.getElementsByTagName('name') print name   This seems to find the node, but the output is below:  [&lt;DOM Element: name at 0x11e6d28&gt;]   How could I get it to print the value of the node? What exactly is a kilogram-meter? Will running a large query on a secondary database in an availability group affect transaction performance in the primary database? I need to provide real-time, or almost real-time, data for SSRS and Tableau reporting. I don't want the production OLTP system to be negatively impacted by long running queries. Will running a large query on a secondary database in an availability group affect transaction performance in the primary database? SQL comma-separated row with Group By clause So, as the title read I happened to overstayed my Schengen visa for 6 months does anyone know what the consequences could be. If I wanted to return back to Saudi Arabia. Should my flair be including sites with less than 200 reputation? How to programmatically click a button in WPF? Vieta Jumping: Related to IMO problem 6, 1988: If $ab + 1$ divides $a^2 + b^2$ then $ab + 1$ cannot be a perfect square. The famous IMO problem 6 states that if $a,b$ are positive integers, such that $ab + 1$ divides $a^2 + b^2$, then $\frac{ a^2 + b^2}{ab + 1 }$ is a perfect square, namely, $gcd(a,b)^2$.  How about a modification of this problem:    If $a,b$ are (strictly) positive integers, such that $ab + 1$ divides $a^2 + b^2$, then $ab + 1$ cannot be a perfect square.    I am looking for a proof of the claim above, or a counter-example.  One possible approach towards a proof is the following:   Suppose there is such a pair $(a,b)$ as above, then by the famous IMO problem 6 from 1988, $\frac{ a^2 + b^2}{ab + 1 } = g^2$ where $g = gcd(a,b)$. Since $ab + 1$ is a perfect square, $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$ for some integer $c$. So that $(a,b,c)$ is a Pythagorean tripple, therefore there exists positive integers $n,m,l$ with $n$ coprime to $m$, such that $a = l(n^2 - m^2)$ and $b = 2lnm$ - by Euclids formula.  Then by plugging in $a$ and $b$ in terms of $n,m,l$ into the original equation, and solving for $l$, it is possible to obtain the following:  There exists positive coprime integers $n,m$ such that   $\frac{(n^2 + m^2 + 1)(n^2 + m^2 - 1)}{2mn(n+m)(n-m)}$ is a perfect square.  If we put the quotient above into a program, as in this python code snipet:  N = 1000  for n in range(1,N):     for m in range(n+1, N):         A = (n*n + m*m + 1)*(n*n + m*m - 1)         B = 2*m*n*(n+m)*(m-n)         if A % B == 0:             print(A/B)   The quotient always is 2, regardless of whether or not $n$ and $m$ are co prime! So if the very strong implication   $2mn(n+m)(n-m) \mid (n^2 + m^2 + 1)(n^2 + m^2 - 1) \implies \frac{(n^2 + m^2 + 1)(n^2 + m^2 - 1)}{2mn(n+m)(n-m)} = 2$    holds, then the original problem will be solved. Is is possible to restore the MFT of a NTFS partition after a format? I've searched through several questions but didn't quite find anyone treating mine.  So, I have a 1TB external hard drive I use for backup purposes with only 1 NTFS partition. Today using DiskPart I formated that partition by mistake (who would have thought the disc count started in 0 and not in 1). The complete command I used was:  format recommended override quick label=Windows   So I performed a quick format, and from which I've read after a quick format it's possible to recover the data stored there. Anyway, as soon as I realized it wasn't the partition I wanted to format the one I specified I removed the access to my external drive to minimize possible damages.  Now, the MFT is the metadata part where the file name, creation date, access permissions and contents are registered; and it's mirrored too (so there's a copy of it somewhere in the disk). What I don't know is if a quick format erases that MFT mirror too, I hope not.  I'm running a program to recover files on it but I'll have to save the files to another location (once it's finished scanning, ~12 hours from now) and I don't quite have over 900GB of free storage where to put the data.  I would like to know if there's a program or procedure by which I could restore the old MFT in-place and have all the data that used to be in there accessible once again.  Any help or light you could shed on how to proceed or what programs to use is really appreciated. What is the optimal order of post-processing steps? Does it make sense to use a date variable in a regression? I'm not used to using variables in the date format in R. I'm just wondering if it is possible to add a date variable as an explanatory variable in a linear regression model. If it's possible, how can we interpret the coefficient? Is it the effect of one day on the outcome variable?   See my  with an example what I'm trying to do. Test -n gives unexpected result I understand test -n &lt;expression&gt; to return false if the expression evaluates to a string length of greater than 0.  Why then does the following happen?  Macbook:~ echo ${#undeclared_variable} 0 Macbook:~ test -n $undeclared_variable &amp;&amp; echo Foo Foo   Bash 4.x  My expectation is that since test -n $undeclared_variable should evaluate false, that Foo should not be echoed.  If I use [[  ]] instead of test, it works as expected. I am using 301 redirects for all URLs.  Should I change sitemap URLs now?  The sitemap currently contains the following URLs:   example.com/cat/1.html example.com/cat/2.html example.com/cat/3.html   Should I change the sitemap's URLs to a new destination?   example.com/cat/year/1.html example.com/cat/year/2.html example.com/cat/year/3.html what operation repeated $n$ times results in the addition operator? Recent fluid-mechanical experiments by the groups of Couder in Paris and Bush at MIT, mimic a surprisingly wide range of quantum effects. The essential ingredient of these fluid-mechanical systems is a background or pilot-wave that guides the droplets.  Now, surprisingly, a simple analysis of a Bell-type experiment shows that, in the presence of a background field, one of the premises of the Bell inequality, namely measurement independence (MI), is violated. See the paper  (available ). Therefore such classical droplet experiments could violate a Bell inequality. More importantly, if this analysis is correct, background-based hidden-variable theories are admissible, even if they are local (in the sense of ‘involving only (sub)luminal interactions’) and even if they are compatible with free will.   My question: to me the analysis seems fully sound, but maybe there is still an unphysical hypothesis that slipped in ?