I have a laptop running Lubuntu 18.04, with a single hard drive as a bootable disk, and two partitions on it: EFI System Partition and a bigger partition contains everything else (e.g. / an /home).   $ sudo parted -l Model: ATA TOSHIBA MQ01ABF0 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 500GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags:   Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name                  Flags  1      1049kB  538MB  537MB  fat32        EFI System Partition  boot, esp  2      538MB   500GB  500GB  ext4   I want to separate / and /home in some way, so that messing up with / will have limited interference with /home. For example, I am considering to separate them  into  two different logical volumes using LVM, as suggested by Stephen Kill below. But it seems that , so what shall I do now? (Besides the laptop, I have a Lubuntu bootable flash drive and another laptop also running Lubuntu 18.04).  $ sudo lvmdiskscan   /dev/sda1 [     512.00 MiB]    /dev/sda2 [    &lt;465.26 GiB]    0 disks   2 partitions   0 LVM physical volume whole disks   0 LVM physical volumes  $ sudo pvcreate /dev/sda2   Can't open /dev/sda2 exclusively.  Mounted filesystem?   If I can afford to reinstall Lubuntu on the laptop, will reinstalling the OS help to separate / an /home into different logical volumes? How shall I do exactly?   If I don't want to reinstall Lubuntu on the laptop, what shall I do then?  Did telcoM and Stephen Kitt recommended  the same? What are the steps so that  I   can follow their suggestions  respectively?  :     The problem is that you cannot just add LVM to an existing non-LVM   partition. You would have to shrink your existing partition as much as   you can, then create a new partition to be used as a LVM PV, create   the LV(s) you desire into it, copy the data, update your boot   configuration and initramfs to be aware of LVM, then boot to the LVM   version of the system, and then either repurpose the old non-LVM   partition as a second LVM PV on the same disk and add it to the   existing VG, or remove it and resize the only LVM PV on the disk.        On bootable disks, I have whatever partitions are needed to boot the   system (such as the ESP on EFI systems, or /boot on BIOS or U-boot   systems), and one big partition occupying all the available space,   which is used as a PV in LVM.      you can have one partition for the ESP, and another partition which   you use with LVM: that large partition (/dev/sda2) is a PV, used in a   VG, containing however many LVs you want (one for / and one for /home)
Right now, I have everything in a partition (except EFI system partition). How can I split the partition into two, one for / and one for /home?   How would you use parted to do that step by step?  How would you use gparted to do that step by step?  How would you use LVM to do that step by step?   One thing I am not sure of is that I can't just shrink the partition and create a second partition on the space that is freed by shrinking, because that doesn't move /home to the new partition.  Thanks.    $ sudo parted -l [sudo] password for t:  Model: ATA TOSHIBA MQ01ABF0 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 500GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags:   Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name                  Flags  1      1049kB  538MB  537MB  fat32        EFI System Partition  boot, esp  2      538MB   500GB  500GB  ext4  $ sudo df -h [sudo] password for t:  Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev            1.7G     0  1.7G   0% /dev tmpfs           340M  1.4M  338M   1% /run /dev/sda2       457G  6.7G  428G   2% / tmpfs           1.7G   27M  1.7G   2% /dev/shm tmpfs           5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock tmpfs           1.7G     0  1.7G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1       511M  6.1M  505M   2% /boot/efi tmpfs           340M   20K  340M   1% /run/user/1000 tmpfs           340M     0  340M   0% /run/user/106
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