I have the following method written that gets a substring from a string with the start and end index. For indexed that will go out of bounds, how do I write a test case in Junit? For example, if the string is banana and the method is run as getSubstring(3,12), the method will throw a out of bounds error. How do I write a test case that will pass when this error is shown?  public String getSubstring(int start, int end){         sub = MyString.str.substring(start, end);         return sub;     }    @Test public void testgetSubstring() {     MyString test = new MyString();     String result = test.getSubstring(3,12); }
How can I use JUnit4 idiomatically to test that some code throws an exception?  While I can certainly do something like this:  @Test public void testFooThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsException() {   boolean thrown = false;    try {     foo.doStuff();   } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {     thrown = true;   }    assertTrue(thrown); }   I recall that there is an annotation or an Assert.xyz or something that is far less kludgy and far more in-the-spirit of JUnit for these sorts of situations.
How to analyse 'Element not Found' exceptions when working with Selenium If I run a randomForest model, I can then make predictions based on the model.  Is there a way to get a prediction interval of each of the predictions such that I know how "sure" the model is of its answer.  If this is possible is it simply based on the variability of the dependent variable for the whole model or will it have wider and narrower intervals depending on the particular decision tree that was followed for a particular prediction? Spring prototype beans in combination with singleton beans and dependency injection. Is there an approach that is configuration only? $a _{1} = \frac{1}{2}, a _{2} = 1, a _{n}= \frac{1}{2} a_{n-1} + \sqrt{a _{n-2} }$  Show by the induction that it's $\le 4$ and also by the induction that $a_{n+1}-a_n \ge 0$  If it comes to first I don't know what to do and if it comes to second I tried many different ways but I couldn't prove it. How do I set up a Cron job? I want to schedule a task to run on a regular basis and have heard that Cron is the way to do this.  How do I add Cron jobs in Ubuntu? Can I preemptively pay my credit card bill before a charge is posted? Unity Tweak tool fails to start with the error "com.canonical.unity.webapps schema is missing" com.canonical.unity.webapps   In order to work properly, Unity Tweak Tool recommends you install the necessary packages Why didn't Escobar's hippos introduced in a single event die out due to inbreeding Today I read a  about how Pablo Escobar had once imported 4 hippos (1 male, 3 female) into his estate in Colombia for his private zoo. After his downfall, while other species were shipped out, hippos were considered too big to move and expected to not survive. However, to the surprise of all the hippos are thriving and are so numerous that there have been calls to cull them. From the report:  Numbers are projected to only get bigger. [Colombian biologist Nataly] Castelblanco and her peers say the population will reach over 1,400 specimens as early as 2034 without a cull - all of them descended from the original group of a male and three females. In the study, they envisaged an ideal scenario in which 30 animals need to be culled or castrated every year to stop that happening.  My understanding is that since there was only 1 male, the gene pool would be limited and lead to lot of inbreeding in the descendants. This would cause population to not explode because some individuals would be unfit to survive. Why has this not happened in case of hippos? Is it because there are 3 females (probably unrelated to each other) which keeps gene pool large enough? Or can mutations explain this phenomenon? Would results have been different if originally 2 females had been moved and only 1 retained? EDIT - I have just found that  is maybe less than 100 individuals which though big is not massive. EDIT2 - I have edited the question title to keep focus on the hippos although a general answer would be welcome. Looking for the proof of the lemma asserting that the conical surface (envelope) is a closed space. Thank you. Two blue arrows at top right of icons Inspired by :  In my answer, I had stated that Patronuses appear to not be physical beings because they have no effect on anything other than Dementors.     They don't cause leaves to stir in the movies. They passed straight through the tent. They don't appear to be bound by normal laws pf physics and can travel great distances almost immediately (Shacklebolt was presumably in London when his Patronus issued the warning). They can apparently walk across water without sinking (as they did in The Prisoner of Azkaban). They can jump, walk, and float in mid-air (as seen in the Room of Requirement in the movie version of The Order of the Phoenix). They make no footprints in lightly powdered snow (The Deathly Hallows Chapter 19) and make no sound of crunching snow as Harry does (further down the same page in Chapter 19).   I stated incorrectly that the only place in canon where there is an exception is with Dementors, where the Patronus physically fends them off with its horns.  A Dementor is clearly a physical being, if it prised Dudley's mouth open and (in the movie anyway) physically slid open the train door.)   Based on comments and further thought, I can think of at least two other examples when a Patronus interacts physically with a physical being.   As pointed out by Slytherincess, a Patronus can fend off a Lethifold (Living Shroud). When training, the Patonus took form against a Boggart, which had taken the form of a Dementor.   All three of these things have, AFAIK, only three things in common (but I may be off).   They are evil They are magical They are, indeed, physical beings.   So the question is, why can a Patronus interact with all three of these, but seems to have no physical effect on everyday things? Why is the Centroid of a Triangle Shared with Its Midpoint Triangle Diagnostics for logistic regression? For linear regression, we can check the diagnostic plots (residuals plots, Normal QQ plots, etc) to check if the assumptions of linear regression are violated.  For logistic regression, I am having trouble finding resources that explain how to diagnose the logistic regression model fit. Digging up some course notes for GLM, it simply states that checking the residuals is not helpful for performing diagnosis for a logistic regression fit.  Looking around the internet, there also seems to be various "diagnosis" procedures, such as checking the model deviance and performing chi-squared tests, but other sources state that this is inappropriate, and that you should perform a Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Then I find other sources that state that this test may be highly dependent on the actual groupings and cut-off values (may not be reliable).  So how should one diagnose the logistic regression fit? If $a$, $b$, $c$ are the roots of $x^3-6x^2+3x+1=0$, find all possible values of $a^2b+b^2c+c^2a$ Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be the roots of $$x^3 - 6x^2 + 3x + 1 = 0$$ Find all possible values of $a^2 b + b^2 c + c^2 a$. Express all the possible values, in commas.  I've already tried to bash out all the roots, Vieta's Formula, and try to manipulate the equation to become easier to work with. However, Vieta's didn't get me anywhere, and I couldn't find a way to make the equation simpler or anything. Any hints to start this problem? Export multiple objects to .obj It is possible to export all object from a scene into different obj files (each object in a obj file separately)? Invalid Topology [Topoengine error] from ArcGIS for Desktop? Using ArcGIS 10.1 for Desktop, I'm trying to run the Identity function on two large data sets but it fails every time. I don't think it is a lack of hardware as I can run other processes on the same data sets.   I've already updated software, and added the 64 bit geoprocessing add-in, checked and repaired geometry, and done the fix in  (set ARCTMPDIR env variable to a writable local folder).   Executing: Identity DudleyStamp OA2011 "D:\Case Studies\National2\National.gdb\DudleyStampOA11" ALL "1 Meters" NO_RELATIONSHIPS  Start Time: Wed May 08 21:11:43 2013 Reading Features... Processing Tiles... Assembling Tile Features... ERROR 999999: Error executing function. The table was not found. The table was not found. [DudleyStampOA11] The table was not found.   The table was not found. [DudleyStampOA11]   Invalid Topology [Topoengine error.] Failed to execute (Identity). Failed at Wed May 08 21:45:41 2013 (Elapsed Time: 33 minutes 58 seconds)   Based on comments so far I tried copying data to new file geodatabase, and running the tool from ArcCatalog still get exactly the same error.  I have ordered 16GB of the fastest RAM my computer can take (I current have 4GB). I also have a 6 Core AMD Phenom II X6 1090T, SSD, and AMD Radeon HD 6970 Graphics Card. So I'm not sure what more hardware I can add.  I've also tried increasing the size of the page file which was a suggestion I found on Google with no effect. Is it possible to view the latex code after Lua expansion is made? When using Lua code inside Latex file, where Lua code sends to Tex Latex code to insert into the document at the location the lua code is made, it will be useful to look at the content of Latex file (internal) after the expansion is made but right before the file is compiled to pdf. This can help in debugging and in many other cases.  Is there an option to do this?  A small example will help explain what I mean.   Given this latex file  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{luacode} \begin{document}  The following is my table  \begin{luacode} i=6 j=8 tex.print("\\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\\hline") tex.print(i.."&amp;"..j) tex.print("\\\\ \\hline") tex.print("\\end{tabular}") \end{luacode}  \end{document}   Compiling this gives the pdf file:    What I'd like to now see is the Latex file that would resulted after the Lua code expansion, which should be something as follows  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{luacode} \begin{document}  The following is my table  \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline 6 &amp; 8 \\\hline \end{tabular}  \end{document}   I could not find an option to do this so far.  TL 2015    Update  Another example to make clear what is being asked here. I'd like to see not only the latex code that was generated from the lua bits of code, but the full Latex document that would result after all the expansion of all lua code in the original Latex. But this has to be done without modifying the original Latex document itself.   Assuming there is this virtual pipeline:  Latex file -&gt; Lua code expand -&gt; Updated Latex (internal)-&gt; lualatex -&gt;pdf    I'd like to get a copy of the full latex code/file just after all the lua code expanded.  Here is another example. Given this Latex file input:  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{luacode} \begin{document} The following is my table \begin{luacode*} i=6 j=8 tex.print("\\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\\hline") tex.print(i.."&amp;"..j) tex.print("\\\\ \\hline") tex.print("\\end{tabular}") \end{luacode*}  Our annual budget for the company is \luaexec{tex.print(200*15^3)} dollars as  shown in this list of items \begin{luacode*}  tex.print("\\begin{itemize}")  for i=1,5 do    tex.print("\\item "..i^2)  end  tex.print("\\end{itemize}") \end{luacode*} And so on. \end{document}   The PDF is    I'd like to get a copy of the following latex file, which has all the Lua code expanded and gone and only the Latex code is left in its place. This file can go to a temporary file, or anywhere, as long as it is the complete Latex file as shown and not bits and pieces. This would be very useful in debugging when there is lots of Lua code in different places in the original Latex file.  \documentclass{article} \usepackage{luacode} \begin{document}     The following is my table  \begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline 6 &amp; 8 \\\hline \end{tabular}  Our annual budget for the company is 675000 dollars as  shown in this list of items  \begin{itemize} \item 1 \item 4 \item 9 \item 16 \item 25 \end{itemize}  and so on     \end{document}   I hope now the question is even more clear :) Grub not showing on startup for Windows 8.1 Ubuntu 13.10 Dual boot Are the following two sentences correct?     I want you to go to sleep.   and     I want you going to sleep.   If they are both correct, what's the difference? I've doing some researches since few days and I haven't really got an answer to my question.  I am in the process of building a huge file server for the company I work for. We bought a server case  with 24 bays and drives. Now I am stuck at the point where I have to choose the RAID card. I saw a RAID card from LSI that offer 6 internals mini-SAS 8087 ports (6x4) and would work perfectly with my build. However, it's not cheap.  I have been reading about the subject and I found something called SAS Expander. They are cheap.  with 6 mini SAS 8087 for 225$ (instead of 1150$ of the other one).  Now my question, how would I link an SAS Expander with a RAID card ? Do I need to a buy a RAID card with only 1 external 8088 port and link it with the other card ? Could someone clarify this for me because I haven't found any good documentation on it.  Thanks you.