What terminal command tells the version of Ubuntu.
I installed some version of Ubuntu on my VMware, but I don't know what version exactly it is. How can I find it out?
In Ruby on Rails, how do I format a date with the "th" suffix, as in, "Sun Oct 5th"? I want to display dates in the format: short day of week, short month, day of month without leading zero but including "th", "st", "nd", or "rd" suffix.  For example, the day this question was asked would display "Thu Oct 2nd".  I'm using Ruby 1.8.7, and  just doesn't seem to do this.  I'd prefer a standard library if one exists. There has been some recent behavior change on SE (around July 2015).  I have two accounts I use, one Google openId based for one set of sites (call it Account-A) and another SE login based for a different set of sites (Account-B).  Used to be that I could be logged into one set of sites with the first user and a different set with the other users.    But now I am logged in with the Account-A on Site-1.  When I go to one of the sites I use the other account for and click "log in" under the SE menu, I go to a page where I only have an option to confirm creation of an account based on my Google login.  It does not present a way to log in with an SE account.    How can I log in with my other account here?  (and before you flag this as a duplicate, please ensure the other question is recent enough and that the answer is relevant.  This behavior has definitely morphed over the years... and I am having trouble finding something that is relevant.  For instance this question  simply points out how to merge the accounts which is NOT what I want  .  This question  talks about presenting different user info on each site but that's not what I want -- I want totally separate accounts). My website's google cache copy looks broken.   Below is link to cache.  http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://paintcollar.com  Can this affect the SERPs and crawling by google?  What can I do to rectify it?  PS. Few pages are being cached properly though.Below is URL to one such page. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://paintcollar.com/aneel What's the difference between "I love singing" and "I love to sing"? I would like to know what the difference is between "I love doing something" and "I love to do something".  For example:        “I love singing.”      and,        “I love to sing.”      When I was young, I was told that "love doing something" is right, but one day, I found Jessie J wrote "I love to sing" on her Instagram. Given a group $ G $, how many topological/Lie group structures does $ G $ have? I am trying to test the impact of a sale initiative on store revenue. I have created 10 matched pairs of stores and then randomly distributed one store in each pair into a test or control group.  I then ran the sale for 21 days within the test group (keeping control constant) and measured relative lift in revenue compared to baseline.  My questions  1.) Should I be using a paired t-test based on the previous store matching  2.) Should I be measuring across each day of the test such as:          Control Test 1/1/2017    4   3 1/2/2017    3   4 1/3/2017    1   3 1/4/2017    2   3 1/5/2017    2   4 1/6/2017    1   7   Or measuring across my paired markets such as:                 Test Control Market Pair 1   10  5 Market Pair 2   8   3 Market Pair 3   5   1 Say there are $m+n$ elements split into two groups ($m$ and $n$). The variance of the first group is $\sigma_m^2$ and the variance of the second group is $\sigma^2_n$. The elements themselves are assumed to be unknown but I know the means $\mu_m$ and $\mu_n$.  Is there a way to calculate the combined variance $\sigma^2_{(m+n)}$?   The variance doesn't have to be unbiased so denominator is $(m+n)$ and not $(m+n-1)$. Identification of particles and anti-particles Is it possible for an American to get a Chinese visa in Hong Kong? What does recursive cosine sequence converge to? I have a sequence defined as follow:  $a_0 = 1, a_n=\cos\left(a_{n-1}\right)$.  I want to count $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} a_n$ - it definitely does have limit by looking at the graph, the first few numbers of the limit are 0.7390851, but I have no idea, if that number is related to some other real number ($\pi$ or something like that).  The sequence is from , but they don't provide actual result for their own sequence. I have a few questions regarding CAN bus load  Is there any derived equation/formula to calculate the bus load?  I need transmit below frames(Assume Standard frame format) at baud rate 500 kbps on the bus 5ms  ----- 50 frames. 10ms ----- 10 frames. 100ms ---- 30 frmaes. Event messages ---- 10 frames.   How to calculate bus load, does anyone knows kindly illustrate the same?  What is the maximum bus load on CAN bus? Problem: James has a pile of n stones for some positive integer n ≥ 2. At each step, he   chooses one pile of stones and splits it into two smaller piles and writes the product   of the new pile sizes on the board. He repeats this process until every pile is exactly   one stone.      For example, if James has n = 12 stones, he could split that pile into a pile of size   4 and another pile of size 8. James would then write the number 4 · 8 = 32 on the   board. He then decides to split the pile of 4 stones into a pile with 1 stone and a   pile with 3 stones and writes 1 · 3 = 3 on the board. He continues this way until he   has 12 piles with one stone each.      Prove that no matter how James splits the piles (starting with a single pile of n   stones), the sum of the numbers on the blackboard at the end of the procedure is   always the same.   Hint: First figure out what the formula for the final sum will be. Then prove it using strong induction.  The formula I came up with is $n(n-1) / $2. It could be totally wrong...  My (Partial) Solution:  1) Base Case: (n=2) James has one pile of 2 stones. Suppose he takes the top-most stone and puts in one pile A, which now has size 1. He takes the remaining stone and places it into another pile B, which now has size 1. Then the product of the sizes is 1. The sum of all the products on his board is 1. Now, if he were to start again, and take the bottom stone first and put it in pile A, he has a pile of size 1, and then takes the top stone and puts it in pile B, he has a pile of size 1, and the product is 1, with sum of all products on the board is 1.   2) Inductive Hypothesis (Strong Induction): Suppose for some $k \geq 2$, $n$ stones can be split in $ 2 \leq n \leq k $ stones and $k-n$ stones.  3) Inductive Step:  Consider $n=k+1$. What do I do now? Mistakenly filed as Exempt from income tax witholdings for entire year 2019 I am a basic 30 year old filing Single, W2, healthy working individual. No dependents, no additional schedules, capital gains or losses other than Student Loan interest expense.   I started a new job in January 2019 and somehow during my new hire enrollment, "I or someone" marked in my file as Exempt... I am pretty familiar with filing my own 1040 (as its pretty basic)and I know for a fact that I would never for under any reason think that I am Exempt from absolutely anything tax related. Nobody in my new job's HR department reached out to confirm whether this Exemption was correct or not with me personally. My CPA said that anytime they receive an Exempt W-4 form, that they automatically return the form to the employer to confirm.   I unknowingly went 11 full months in 2019 without any taxes being withheld. Of course my paycheck was more than before, but I also got a better/higher salary job, so I never thought about the difference being from not paying taxes. And, no I do not print out my paystubs. It’s all through Paycom and it clearly shows you your gross pay &amp; a "$XXX" amount in deductions/withholdings - kicker is, you have to click the drop down menu to actually see the entire breakdown. At which point, I never saw the big $0 in taxes being withheld... I know the taxes have to be paid one way or another, but I don't feel like I should be entirely responsible for a $5k-$6k tax liability for a HR clerical error. Even if I did actually input it incorrectly the first time.   Is there a way to check with the IRS to see if they indeed receive my file as Exempt and if they did actually return it to my Employer? I’m just wondering if either HR forgot to follow up with me or even IF the IRS does actually cull these exempt requests in the first place? I don't have the liquidity to simply pay the IRS all at once.   What would be my best option going forward? How to host a single website on multiple servers? I'm planning on releasing an iOS app that downloads video from my server. If hundreds of people on the launch day try to do this, then my website and the services that my server provides will clearly go down. How do you host a website on multiple servers? When someone tries to access my site, how is their request passed to an available server? How do Apple and Google do it? Thanks for your help. What is wrong with defining \bal as \begin{align}? Automatically Locate Included Images Do you think it's possible to include images into LaTeX without specifying the exact path to them. So instead of:  \includegraphics{path/to/image/myfig.pdf}   It would be:  \includegraphics{myfig.pdf}   While the image would still reside in the path/to/image/ directory. Basically, I'm asking if there is a macro that can recursively search for the image.  An alternative for me is to write a script outside of LaTeX that determines all the images that are included, performs the recursive search and copies those files temporarily in the same directory as the .tex file. Programming pattern to generate VGA signal with micro-controller? Wrapping a mesh around point cloud with cavities For example, this regex  (.*)&lt;FooBar&gt;   will match:  abcde&lt;FooBar&gt;   But how do I get it to match across multiple lines?  abcde fghij&lt;FooBar&gt; How to link dataframes in ArcGIS or QGIS? The below image shows a layout in ArcGIS 10.1 with four dataframes.  Each dataframe is of the same geographic area, although they are different images. For example, the top left image is a 1989 DOQ, the top right image is a reversed 1989 DOQ, the bottom left image is a 2012 DOQ, and the bottom right image is a reversed 2012 DOQ.   Is it possible to link the dataframes so that panning the image in one dataframe pans the images in all of the other dataframes (i.e. similar to how you can "Link Views" in Erdas Imagine)? Is this possible in QGIS?