I have applied for UK standard visitor visa to attend my graduation ceremony for the Postgraduate course which i have completed last year. I have submitted the invitation letter from university, flight reservation, educational certificates, hotel booking. My uncle is funding my trip i have attached his banks statement and affidavit of financial support, he is funding because  i have opened bank account two months ago so according to UKVI policy banks statements should be for last six months so for that reason i have attached my statement as well to show the proof that why my uncle is funding my trip and still got rejected. Kindly please help me related to this problem and after how many days i should re apply again and what documents i should provide because my graduation ceremony will be held on 20th July 2017.     THE DECISION      I Have refused your application for visit visa because i am not satisfied that you meet the requirements of paragraph V 4.2 - V4.10.   of appendix V: Immigration rules for visitor because:      ⦁ You have applied for a visa to visit the United Kingdom for 2 weeks. I have considered your application against paragraphs V4.2 - V   4.10.       ⦁ I note that you have previously travelled to the united Kingdom, and with your earlier application provided full details to satisfy the   Entry Clearance Officer (ECO) at that time that you had met the   requirements of the immigration Rules as a visitor; however each case   must be decided on its individual merits at the time of application.      ⦁ You state you wish to visit the UK to attend your graduation ceremony held on 18/07/2017 at ABC University. I note you have   provided a letter from the University. Whilst i acknowledge this   invite, I must be satisfied with your overall personal circumstances   and intentions.      ⦁ You state in your application you are a Voluntary/ Unpaid worker. In support of your application you have provided your bank   statement. However the documents you have provided do not demonstrate   you are involved in any volunteering or unpaid work and as such it is   not clear how you are now financially supported in Pakistan. You have   submitted a bank statement from BARC  with a latest balance of 700   pounds. However there are a number of unexplained cash deposits into   the account throughout which are not sourced and it is not clear where   these funds originate from. You state your uncle will cover your cost   of 1500 pounds towards your trip. I note you have provided a letter   from him, a copy of passport and his bank statement. However the   documents do not demonstrate his employment circumstances or his   monthly income. It is therefore not clear where the 2900 pounds held   in his bank account originate from. As such, without evidence of the   origin of this money, i am not satisfied that is genuinely yours and   available to fund the proposed visit. I have considered the evidence   and information submitted in your application but i am not satisfied   that you have accurately presented your circumstances and therefore   your intentions in applying to enter the UK. This undermines the   credibility of your application to the extent that i am not satisfied   that you are genuinely seeking entry as a visitor or intend to leave   the UK at the end of your visit. Paragraph V4.2(a) (c) (e)       Future applications      Any future UK visa applications you make will be considered on their individual merits, however you are likely to be refused unless   the circumstances of your application change.      In relation to this decision there is no right of appeal or right to administrative review.
Many of the UK visa refusals we see here share a common pattern and the prevailing reasons refer to V 4.2 (a) and (c).    I do understand that, while the applicants may describe very different individual circumstances, there's a consistent pattern and, broadly, fall into specific categories:    Credibility (lifestyle, lack of ties, visit history, lies &amp; omissions) Funding (insufficient funds, provenance of funds, funds parking) Sponsorship (family, friends, employer)   Question: What most commonly triggers a UK visa refusal where V 4.2 (a) and (c) are given as the grounds?  Secondarily: Given that there is a clear pattern, to what extent are these refusals predictable? Does sponsorship make a difference? Is there a set of personal circumstances, however abstract, where a refusal is all but guaranteed? For example, why do those we see here on TSE who sought entry for the PLAB or British Army appear to be refused with a common theme? Is there a uniform shortcoming or is it just discrimination?   PLAB: What is about applications for a visa, for the purpose of sitting the Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) exam, that seem to invite refusals. After all, the test is given so that international medical graduates can show that they qualify to practise medicine in the UK. The first part, PLAB 1, can be taken in centres outside of the UK. However, PLAB 2 can be taken only in the UK. Why can't you can't get a visa just to sit the exam, promising that you'll leave immediately after?    British Army: Since Commonwealth citizens are eligible to apply online to join, even those who don't reside in the UK, why is it so difficult to get a visa just to attend an interview to see whether you are suitable? Even with an invitation from the Army, such visa applications seem to be unsuccessful. Isn't a career in the British Army a valid reason?     Lastly:  After such a refusal, what approaches would increase the chance of a successful application?
Limit $\lim\limits_{x\to0}{\frac{\ln{(e+x)}-e^x}{\cos^2{x} -e^x}}$ How can I make a macOS Mojave bootable USB installer in Windows 10? I have downloaded and saved macOS Mojave installation file from the Mac App Store into my external hard drive. Unfortunately, macOS has crashed on my Mac and now I need to install it again. I have used a software named TransMac to make a installation USB in windows following the steps in the link below:    But the provided USB drive after all these steps doesn't show up in my MacBook pro. Considering that I have saved Install macOS Mojave.app on my external hard drive, and I don't have access to any other Mac computers, How can I fix this issue and build a USB for installing Mojave? (This is not homework; a friend shared with me this puzzler and neither of us can figure it out.) Suppose you are in a plane traveling at velocity $v_1$ relative to the ground. The flight attendent pushes a cart of mass, say, $m$, accelerating it from rest to $v_2$, relative to the plane (so relative to the ground, its velocity goes from $v_1$ to $v_1+v_2$). From your perspective, the work done is then $$W = \Delta E = \dfrac{1}{2}mv_2^2$$ but from the perspective of the ground, the work done is $$W = \Delta E = \dfrac{1}{2}m(v_1+v_2)^2 - \dfrac{1}{2}mv_1^2 = \dfrac{1}{2}mv_2^2 + mv_1v_2.$$ Why are these quantities unequal?  I've seen some similar problems, like a body colliding with a wall in different reference frames, but I don't have the physics experience to tell if that question is analogous to this one. So, my apologies if this is a duplicate. :) Can we move "Start a bounty" to a more intuitive location? How to allow certain html tags? I am drawing some graphs with tangents. I calculated the tangent should be centered at x=57/27 which is approximately x=2.11. I'm currently using the pos and sloped keys for nodes to draw tangents, but I'm not happy about the result; the tangents don't really align.   I think this is because the pos key calculates the actual length of the graph while the graphs don't have the same length.  I'm sure I can somehow let LaTeX do the calculations for me so as to align the slopes vertically at an x value of my choice. But how?  PS: The below document requires a working installation of gnuplot to compile.    \documentclass{standalone}   \usepackage{pgfplots} \pgfplotsset{compat=1.10} \usetikzlibrary{arrows, decorations.markings,intersections}  \makeatletter \tikzset{     nomorepostaction/.code=\makeatletter\let\tikz@postactions\pgfutil@empty,      my axis/.style={         postaction={             decoration={                 markings,                 mark=at position 1 with {                     \arrow[ultra thick]{latex}                 }             },             decorate,             nomorepostaction         },         thin,         -,         every path/.append style=my axis     } } \makeatother  \definecolor{headtitle}{RGB}{167,63,63}  \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}   \begin{axis}[%       axis line style={my axis},       xlabel = $U_A$,       ylabel = $S$,       xmin = 0, xmax = 3.25,       ymin = 0,       xtick={1,1.5},       xticklabels={$U_{B,\mathrm{initial}}$,$U_{A,\mathrm{initial}}$},       xticklabel style={             inner sep=0pt,             anchor=north east,             rotate=35         },       ytick=\empty,       height=.66\linewidth, width=\linewidth-4.5\tabcolsep,       axis lines*=left,       every axis y label/.style={at=(current axis.above origin),anchor=east},       every axis x label/.style={at=(current axis.right of origin),anchor=west}]%     \addplot+[mark={},draw=headtitle] gnuplot[raw gnuplot] {%       set samples 51;       plot [0:3] log(3*(3-x)+1);       } node[sloped,above,pos=.63333,       minimum height=1cm,minimum width=1cm] (SB) {} node[pos=0.6,pin=45:{\color{black}{$S_B$}}] {};      \addplot+[mark={},draw=headtitle] gnuplot[raw gnuplot] {%       set samples 51;       plot [0:3] log(9*x^2+6*x+1);       } node[sloped,above,pos=.83333,       minimum height=1cm,minimum width=1cm] (SA) {} node[pos=0.25,pin=-15:{\color{black}{$S_A$}}] {};       \addplot+[mark={},draw=headtitle] gnuplot[raw gnuplot] {%       set samples 51;       plot [0:3] log(9*x^2+6*x+1)+log(3*(3-x)+1);       } node[sloped,above,pos=.775,       minimum height=1cm,minimum width=1cm] (St) {} node[pos=0.525,pin=165:{\color{black}{$S_\mathrm{total}$}}] {};      \path (SB.south east) edge[headtitle,very thick] node {} (SB.south west);      \path (SA.south east) edge[headtitle,very thick] node {} (SA.south west);      \path (St.south east) edge[headtitle,very thick] node {} (St.south west);   \end{axis}% \end{tikzpicture}% \end{document} Confused AUC ROC score I am working on binary classification problem, I try to evaluate the performance of some classification algorithms (LR,Decission Tree , Random forest ...). I am using  a cross validation technique (to avoid over-fitting) with AUC ROC as scoring function to compare the performance of the algorithms, but I am getting a weird results with Random forest and AdbBoost, I have a perfect AUC_ROC score (i.e. =1) despite the fact that the recall(TPR) and FPR of this algorithms are different from 1 and 0 respectively .  def FPR(y_true, y_pred):     tn, fp, fn, tp = confusion_matrix(y_true, y_pred).ravel()     result = fp / (fp+tn)     return result def FNR(y_true, y_pred):     tn, fp, fn, tp = confusion_matrix(y_true, y_pred).ravel()     result = fn / (tp+fn)     return result FPR_scorer = make_scorer(FPR) FNR_scorer = make_scorer(FNR)     def get_CrossValResults2(model,cv_rst,bestIndx):     best=pd.DataFrame.from_dict(cv_rst).iloc[bestIndx]     roc=&quot;{:.12f}&quot;.format(best['mean_test_roc_auc'])     acc =&quot;{:.0%}&quot;.format(best['mean_test_accuracy'])     prec =&quot;{:.0%}&quot;.format(best['mean_test_precision'])     rec =&quot;{:.0%}&quot;.format( best['mean_test_recall'])     f1 =&quot;{:.0%}&quot;.format(best['mean_test_f1'])     r2=&quot;{:.2f}&quot;.format(best['mean_test_r2'])     g_mean=&quot;{:.2f}&quot;.format(best['mean_test_gmean'])     pr_auc=&quot;{:.8f}&quot;.format(best['mean_test_pr'])     fnr=&quot;{:.0%}&quot;.format(best['mean_test_fnr'])     fpr=&quot;{:.0%}&quot;.format(best['mean_test_fpr'])     rst = pd.DataFrame([[ model, acc,prec,rec,fpr,fnr,f1,roc,pr_auc,g_mean,r2]],columns = ['Model', 'Accuracy', 'Precision', 'Recall','FPR','FNR', 'F1-Score','ROC_auc','PR_auc','gmean','r2'])     return rst        cross_val_rst = pd.DataFrame(columns = ['Model', 'Accuracy', 'Precision', 'Recall','FPR','FNR', 'F1-Score','ROC_auc','PR_auc','gmean','r2'])              scoring = {'accuracy':'accuracy','recall':'recall','precision':'precision','fpr':FPR_scorer,'fnr':FNR_scorer,'f1':'f1' ,'roc_auc':'roc_auc','pr':'average_precision','gmean':Gmean_scorer,'r2':'r2'}     param_grid = {'n_estimators': [200],               'max_depth': [80,90],               'min_samples_leaf': [2,3, 4],             'min_samples_split': [2,5,12],             'criterion': [ 'gini'],              'class_weight' : [class_weights], 'n_jobs' : [-1]}  clf = GridSearchCV(RandomForestClassifier(class_weight=class_weights), param_grid, cv=kfold,scoring=scoring,refit=refit)#Fit the model bestmodel = clf.fit(X,Y)       cross_val_rst = cross_val_rst.append(get_CrossValResults2(model='Random Forrest',bestIndx=bestmodel.best_index_,cv_rst=bestmodel.cv_results_),ignore_index=True) A field extension of prime degree Suppose that $E$ is an extension of $F$ of prime degree. Show that $~~\forall~ a \in E : ~ F(a)=F$ or $F(a)=E$   Attempt: Suppose that $E$ is an extension of a field $F$ of prime degree, $p$. Therefore $p = [E :F] = [E : F(a)][F(a) : F]$. Since $p$ is a prime number, we see that either $[E : F(a)] = 1$ or $[F(a) : F] = 1$.   Now, $[E : F(a)] = 1 \implies $ there is only one element $x \in E$ which forms a basis and every element in $E$ is generated by $x$ i.e. $E = \{x~c~|~ c \in F(a)\}$  $[F(a) : F] = 1 \implies $ there is only one element $y \in F(a)$ which forms a basis and every element in $F(a)$ is generated by $y$ i.e. $F(a) = \{y~d~|~ d \in F\}$  Have I inferred it correctly? How do I move ahead?  Thank you for your help. Android EditText listener for cursor position change How to construct a relative path in Java from two absolute paths (or URLs)? Given two absolute paths, e.g.  /var/data/stuff/xyz.dat /var/data   How can one create a relative path that uses the second path as its base? In the example above, the result should be: ./stuff/xyz.dat This was a 'young-adult' SF novel I read in the late 1970's, about the same time I was reading Voorloper by Andre Norton, Madeleine L'engle's Wrinkle In Time books and the Dragonfall 5 young adult novels. so I am not sure if it is actually one of the Dragonfall 5 stories, but I can't confirm it is or isn't by reading available synposes online.   As I recall, the story went something like this...    * SOME SPOILERS BELOW *  A young person and sibling - I think female protag and younger brother, but not sure - is scheduled to visit their aunt and uncle on another planet but to make the voyage in a timely fashion, must utilize this new consciousness transference technology to transmit their consciousness across the cosmos to a host replica body at the destination. After arriving at the destination the protagonist is impressed by their new body and is aware of the only way to tell they are in a replicant body is a small seam, scar or patch on their back, I think near the top of their spine, just below the collar of whatever clothing they wore.  The mystery begins when the protagonist realizes their hosts also sport the same scar when they should legitimately be in their real bodies.  The plot thickens when the protag or sibling finds a room of people in stasis when their replicant counterparts are roaming the same planet, and is subsequently caught in the act.  Sadly, I do not remember anything else, including the reasoning behind the deception.  I was quite young when I read this novel, so I probably got some of the details mixed up, but would love to know the name and author of the novel if anyone remembers. A topological space $X$ is said to be irreducible if it cannot be written as a union $X = A∪B$, where $A$ and $B$ are proper closed subspaces of $X$  I want to try the following:  Show:  $(i)$ That every set with the indiscrete topology is irreducible, and every infinite set with the finite complement topology is irreducible.  $(ii)$ That an irreducible Hausdorff space contains at most one point.  Can you give me any suggestions on how to try this? "No worthy mechs found" when trying to relay email to Gmail using Postfix I've been trying to configure email to forward to Gmail, using Postfix to relay email to smtp.gmail.com. However, I'm failing to get it to authenticate with smtp.gmail.com, which is a rather vital prerequisite to getting anything working…  The mail logs show only:  Oct 29 15:50:14 gsnedders-1 postfix/master[6596]: daemon started -- version 2.7.1, configuration /etc/postfix Oct 29 15:50:19 gsnedders-1 postfix/pickup[6598]: EBA1F78750: uid=1000 from=&lt;gsnedders&gt; Oct 29 15:50:19 gsnedders-1 postfix/cleanup[6603]: EBA1F78750: message-id=&lt;20111029145019.EBA1F78750@mail.gsnedders.com&gt; Oct 29 15:50:19 gsnedders-1 postfix/qmgr[6599]: EBA1F78750: from=&lt;gsnedders@gsnedders.com&gt;, size=324, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 29 15:50:19 gsnedders-1 postfix/cleanup[6603]: F2D557874F: message-id=&lt;20111029145019.EBA1F78750@mail.gsnedders.com&gt; Oct 29 15:50:19 gsnedders-1 postfix/local[6605]: EBA1F78750: to=&lt;me@gsnedders.com&gt;, orig_to=&lt;me&gt;, relay=local, delay=0.04, delays=0.03/0.02/0/0, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (forwarded as F2D557874F) Oct 29 15:50:19 gsnedders-1 postfix/qmgr[6599]: F2D557874F: from=&lt;gsnedders@gsnedders.com&gt;, size=454, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Oct 29 15:50:19 gsnedders-1 postfix/qmgr[6599]: EBA1F78750: removed Oct 29 15:50:20 gsnedders-1 postfix/smtp[6606]: warning: SASL authentication failure: No worthy mechs found Oct 29 15:50:20 gsnedders-1 postfix/smtp[6606]: F2D557874F: SASL authentication failed; cannot authenticate to server smtp.gmail.com[74.125.157.108]: no mechanism available   And the postfix config is:  relayhost = [smtp.gmail.com]:587  smtp_use_tls = yes smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl/passwd smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous  smtp_tls_eccert_file = smtp_tls_eckey_file = smtp_tls_security_level = may smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/cacert.pem smtpd_tls_received_header = yes tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom smtpd_tls_security_level = may Implement a Selective Comment Ban How to handle ordinal categorical variable as independent variable I am using a logit model. My dependent variable is binary. However I have an independent variable which is categorical and contains the responses: 1.very good, 2.good, 3.average, 4.poor and 5.very poor. So, it is ordinal ("quantitative categorical"). I am not sure how to handle this in the model. I am using gretl.  [Note from @ttnphns: Although the question says the model is logit (because the dependent is categorical), the crucial issue - ordinal independent variables - is basically alike, be the dependent categorical or quantitative. Therefore the question is equally relevant to, say, linear regression too - as it is to logistic regression or other logit model.] Particular nodes are missing from node editor I am looking for the  but it is not available under the Vector nodes menu or any other menu. I have Blender 2.77 which cooresponds with the manual version in the above link.    I also cannot find the Texture Coordinate or Gradient Texture.  Likely I am doing something wrong. Trying to get my head around the commutator subgroup. This is an excercise from Artin's Algebra:  Let $C$ be the commutator subgroup of $G$. Prove that $G/C$ is abelian.  Here is what I've done:  Let $xC,yC \in G/C$ then $xyx^{-1}y^{-1}C = C$ since $xyx^{-1}y^{-1}$ is a commutator hence belongs to $C$. But then $xyC = yxC$ so $xC$ and $yC$ commute in $G/C$. This can be done for any elements, so $G/C$ is abelian.  This seems somewhat surprisingly short. Is that all there is to it?   Regards Differentiability of $g:=f(\sqrt{x^2+y^2})$ for a $C^1$ function with $f'(0)=0$ NBHM $2008$ Let $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a continuously differentiable function such that $f'(0)=0$.  Define for all $x,y\in \mathbb{R}$,  $$g(x,y)=f(\sqrt{x^2+y^2})$$ Pick out the true statements :   $g$ is differentiable on $\mathbb{R}^2$ $g$ is differentiable on $\mathbb{R}^2$ if and only if $f(0)=0$ $g$ is differentiable on $\mathbb{R}^2- \{ (0,0)\}$   I do not have much idea of differentiation of multivariable calculus.  I just tried out some examples to get some idea..  I have to take some function whose derivative at $0$ has to be zero.  for simplicity I would take $f(x)=x^2$ Then I would get :     $g(x,y)=x^2+y^2$ which is differentiable on $\mathbb{R}^2$   This would suggest me that second option has more chances as $f(0)=0$ in this case.  I would now take $f(x)=x^2+1$ then :     $g(x,y)=x^2+y^2+1$ which is differentiable on $\mathbb{R}^2$ though $f(0)\neq 0$   So, I would now eliminate second option and third option also...  So, It is now got confirmed that i have to work out to "Prove" that first option is correct.  Now, I have to prove that $g(x,y)=f(\sqrt{x^2+y^2})$ is differentiable.  I have to look for partial derivatives first :  $$\frac{\partial g}{\partial x}= f'(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}).\frac{2x}{2\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}=f'(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}).\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}$$  $$\frac{\partial g}{\partial y}= f'(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}).\frac{2y}{2\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}=f'(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}).\frac{y}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}$$  I have used here that $f$ is differentiable on $\mathbb{R}$  As $f$ is continuously differentiable, we have $f'$ is continuous and I know that :  $\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}$ and $\frac{y}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}$ are also continuous.     As $f'$ and $\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}$ are continuous So is the product $\frac{\partial g}{\partial x}=f'(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}).\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}$      As $f'$ and $\frac{y}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}$ are continuous So is the product $\frac{\partial g}{\partial y}=f'(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}).\frac{y}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}$   So we have continuous partial derivatives for $g(x,y)$..  So, I am willing to conclude that:     $g(x,y)$ is  differentiable on $\mathbb{R}^2$   I would be thankful if some one can confirm if the answer correct.  I would be much more thankful if some one can let me know if there are any gaps in my argument.  This is just a proof verification Question..  Thank you. Given $f(x) = x + |x|$ for what values of $x$ is $f$ differentiable The internal storage on my phone is almost full. The storage screen tells me    2.77GB / 2.91 GB taken Apps 0.89GB Other 1.89 GB Available 138MB   What is this "other" and how can I clean it up? I already followed the steps of "make more space", it barely makes a difference.   Phone Storage then tells me 43.00MB / 1.09GB is taken.  And on the SD card I have 1.86GB / 14.72GB taken.  I have plenty of storage in various places yet when I try to install apps I'm unable to do so cause of "insufficient storage". How can I fix this?