I know this is a bit subjective, but I've been thinking and it seems obvious when to upvote or downvote an answer. But what about the question? I mean, some questions are purely self serving and don't really add anything to the community. On the other hand some questions help others, make you think, etc.   I am wondering if there is a generic standard for upvoting questions?
I have seen a few  here on Meta&nbsp;Stack&nbsp;Exchange that cover parts of this, but they are often too local, and none of them seem to cover all the relevant scenarios.  I will break it up into multiple parts in order to make this more specific:     When should I vote on a question:   What are the qualifications for a question to be deserving of being up-voted? When shouldn't I vote up on a question? What are the things that would cause a question to need to be down-voted?   How should I go about down-voting the question (do I wait a little while to give the OP a chance to change it, or do I down-vote it immediately)?  When shouldn't I vote down on a question?  When should I vote on an answer:   What are the qualifications for an answer to be deserving of being up-voted? When shouldn't I vote up on an answer? What are the thing that would cause an answer to need to be down-voted?   How should I go about down-voting the answer (do I wait a little while to give the OP a chance to change it, or do I down-vote it immediately)?  When shouldn't I vote down on an answer?  When should I vote on a comment:   While votes on comments do not affect reputation points, it might be useful to new users to know when to up-vote them.    It seems that a full, comprehensive list of these would be invaluable to new users looking to figure out how the voting system works, but this list seems to be missing from the meta site.
PHP generate file for download then redirect Here's the problem: if $S = \mathbb{Q}[x]/(x^2)$, compute the group  of automorphisms $\mbox{Aut}(S)$.   First off, I have the solution and I know it's isomorphic to the multiplicative group $\mathbb{Q}\backslash\{0\}$, so I'm trying to understand it. It uses what is called the substitution principle and the fact that the restriction of any endomorphism $\phi: \mathbb{Q}[x]\to \mathbb{Q}[x]$ to $\mathbb{Q}$ is the identity. It says that these two facts implies that the endomorphisms of $\mathbb{Q}[x]$ are in 1-1 correspondence with $h \in \mathbb{Q}[x]$, where the endomorphism corresponding to $h$ is $\phi_h : \mathbb{Q}[x] \to \mathbb{Q}[x]$ given by $\phi_h(f) = f(h)$ for $f \in \mathbb{Q}[x]$. I guess I just don't understand how it applied the substitution principle? It's probably obvious, but for some reason I am not getting it.  An explanation would be greatly appreciated! Or if you have a different solution, that'd be cool too. Thanks!! Is it possible to link multiple leaders lines to one piece of annotation?  I'm working in ArcGIS 10.2 Desktop Advanced with non-feature linked geodatabase annotation. I have hundreds of numbers labeling various polygons, but some polygons share a number. Instead of creating multiple numbers/annotations for each polygon I'd like to have one number with multiple lines pointing to each polygon.   So, in the image below, the number 5 corresponds to multiple polygons. Here I've moved 5 from it's ideal location to show that the second leader line is not connected to the number annotation. My workaround has been to create another piece of geodatabase annotation with a blank text string to serve as a placeholder for a leader line. The other option was to use map/graphic annotation to create the second leader line, but with the multiple disadvantages of not being in the same annotation feature class as the number annotation.    My goal would be for each piece of number annotation to be connected to multiple leader lines like appears below. I frequently create labels that follow the same format: white text on a 75% opaque black background, with 10px of margin around the text. Currently, I have to manually build these labels, which takes a lot of work.  In one method, I write the text, figure out its height and width, then create a separate rectangle and place it behind it. This takes a lot of clicking around for every label.  In the other method, I draw out a text box, select it directly, give it the correct background and margins, and then insert the text. However, I must then resize the box manually, meaning more clicking around and greater imprecision. There doesn't seem to be a way to directly select a text box once it has text inside it.  I tried using the script contained in  to resize the text box to the content, but it only resizes the box vertically, and removes my color and margins.  Does anyone have suggestions on how to resolve these problems, or for a better method? I'm using CS3. System file windows open behind Unity launcher I'm on Ubuntu 16.04.1 at the moment, and system windows like the Files window, Terminal or System Software open behind the Unity launcher, which means they are partially hidden behind it. I can move them with Alt+F7, but I'd like a more permanent solution to this problem. How to achieve nomenclature entries like: symbol, Description, Dimension and unit, etc? The title is pretty much I want to ask. More detail, the nomenclature entries should be sorted in groups like:   Nomenclature     Acronyms     Symbol  Description     % no Dimensions and Units      ...     Greek Symbols     Symbol  Description             Dimensions     Units     ...     Roman Symbols     Symbol  Description             Dimensions     Units     S       Surface area vector     L^2            m^2     ...    Superscripts     Symbol  Description     % no Dimensions and Units      ...    Dimensionless Numbers     Symbol  Description     Definition     ...   e.g. expected entries like this:       My current nomenclature settings for grouping [book class]:  %---------------------------------------------------------- %                        Nomenclature %---------------------------------------------------------- %\renewcommand{\nomname}{List of Symbols and Abbrev.} \renewcommand\nomgroup[1]{%   \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{A}}{%    \item[\textbf{Acronyms}] }{%                  A - Acronyms     \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{R}}{%      \item[\textbf{Roman Symbols}]}{%            R - Roman       \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{G}}{%         \item[\textbf{•} Symbols }]}{%          G - Greek           \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{S}}{%            \item[\textbf{Superscripts  }]}{{%          S - Superscripts         \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{U}}{%          \item[\textbf{Subscripts }]}{{%                 U - Subscripts         \ifthenelse{\equal{#1}{X}}{%          \item[\textbf{Other Symbols }]}%            X - Other Symbols                     {{}}}}}}}}}} %\ifpdf \renewcommand{\nomlabel}[1]{\hspace{1 em}#1}%{\hspace{1.5 em}#1} \renewcommand*{\nompreamble}{\markboth{\nomname}{\nomname}}   But how to extend it with Dimensions and Units? English equivalent of the expression “a longer arm than résumé” It is will known that increasing cooling of a metal casting will lead to finer micro-structure which mean higher mechanical properties. If I have 2 molds one is thick copper die ,&amp; second is just thin-walled copper cup or mold cooled by water. which one of them excepted to cool the molten metal i.e. aluminium faster ?   by calculation it seems that copper die have higher cooling power as it has higher thermal diffusivity , but in real life it seems water have more cooling power. I am so confused. Efficiently selecting a set of random elements from a linked list SEO in Stack Overflow Let $P(x)$ be a degree $n$ polynomial with distinct roots $r_1, r_2, \cdots r_n$. Prove that   $$\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{P''(r_i)}{P'(r_i)}=0$$  My proof: We can equivalently rewrite the polynomial as $(x-r_1)(x-r_2)\cdots(x-r_n)$ and if we plug in the roots in the polynomial, we get that all of them are equal to $0$ so their first derivatives are equal to $1$ and then their second derivatives are equal to $0$ which means that all quotients are equal to $0$ and there for the sum is as well, $Q.E.D$  Don't show the solution please, but if you have a hint, feel free. Thank you. I must have a blind spot, but I cannot find what it is.   I made a small python script that removes VLC from the sound menu. It runs perfectly in any way I run it from the terminal or from a launcher or whatever you can think of.   What the script actually does is nothing more than get the get the current settings:  gsettings get com.canonical.indicator.sound interested-media-players   edit the list, and set the changed list by:  gsettings set com.canonical.indicator.sound interested-media-players "['newlist']"   These commands are executed by a python script,. However, when run from a cronjob (crontab -e) only the gsettings - get - part works, but not the gsettings - set - section. That the get section works fine with cron, I checked by making the script write data (the original as well as the edited) to an external file.  Not a python problem  To see if the problem is related to python code, I created a bash script that applies a changed sound menu items list. The story is the same: the bash script runs fine from the command line or a launcher, not from cron, while any other command in the same script would run fine. Also, if I add any command at the end of the script below, it works fine and it looks like the script is satisfied with its own work.  Why is the gsettings set command not working when initiated from cron?  This is the script:  #!/usr/bin/python3 import subprocess  def read_soundmenu():     # read the current launcher contents     get_menuitems = subprocess.Popen([         "gsettings", "get", "com.canonical.indicator.sound", "interested-media-players"         ], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)     return eval((get_menuitems.communicate()[0].decode("utf-8")))  def set_current_menu(current_list): # this takes no effect from cron     # preparing subprocess command string     current_list = str(current_list).replace(", ", ",")     subprocess.Popen([         "gsettings", "set", "com.canonical.indicator.sound", "interested-media-players",         current_list,         ])  current_list = read_soundmenu() for item in current_list:     if item == "vlc.desktop":         current_list.remove(item) set_current_menu(current_list) get the Eyes of the Dark feature (XGtE, p. 51):     When you reach 3rd level in this class you learn the darkness spell [...] If you cast it with sorcery points, you can see through the darkness created by the spell.   Does this mean that if a Shadow Sorcerer casts darkness using sorcery points and then moves into a different area of magical darkness (not the one s/he created), the Sorcerer would not be able to see?  Or does the ability mean that the Sorcerer would possess the ability to see through the magical darkness created by the darkness spell in general (provided they were maintaining their own casting of the spell)? How to delete a keyboard layout in Windows 10 I installed Windows 10 on a physically German keyboard, then installed a Window English software keyboard and bought some little stickers to make my keyboard look OK.  However, Windows shows 2 keyboards installed &amp; occasionally toggles back to German.  Note that I am not talking about removing a language (which is all that I can find when I Google).  How do I remove the German keyboard layout? Integrating $\int^{\infty}_0 e^{-x^2}\,dx$ using Feynman's parametrization trick Prove that $\sin(\theta) + \sin(\theta+2\pi/3) + \sin(\theta+4\pi/3) = 0 $ for any angle $\theta$.   This came up in the context of electricity:  It is common in electrical power engineering to use three-phase circuits with sinusoidal currents out of phase with each other by 120 degrees. The benefit of this is that the currents sum to zero at the neutral point meaning less copper is required for the system.    However, while I know that the three phasors always sum to zero, and can see visually, as in the figure that this is true at every point, how can this be shown more formally, or algebraically? I'm curious whether I can find the overlap $\langle q | p \rangle$ knowing only the following:   $|q\rangle$ is an eigenvector of an operator $Q$ with eigenvalue $q$. $|p\rangle$ is an eigenvector of an operator $P$ with eigenvalue $p$. $Q$ and $P$ are Hermitian. $[Q,P] = i \hbar$.   I'm asking because books and references I've looked in tend to assume that $Q$ is a differential operator when viewed in the $P$-basis, then show that it satisfies the commutation relation. (I haven't read one yet that proves that the form given for $Q$ is the only possible one.) I've heard, though, that we can work purely from the hypothesis of the commutation relation and prove the properties of $Q$ and $P$ from it. I have a requirement to create triggers dynamically after a managed package is installed. I have read that the tooling API can be used to create triggers dynamically however it cannot be used in production. Is it possible to create triggers from a managed package in an org? I want to be able to create the trigger based on some user inputs. I seem to be having issues when I try and save the output file as a .png, or .jpeg for that matter. I've set up my user preferences, File, Render Output to my desktop as well as render output in the editor window. What am I missing here? I'm obviously very new to this program and your help would be appreciated. Thanks for your time Java generics type erasure: when and what happens?