In the movie we see       Starkiller Base fire upon and destroy five planets (or a mixture of 5 planets and moons) within a single solar-system.   This event appears to be observed simultaneously and instantaneously/in real-time by multiple characters from a variety of very different vantage points.  For instance:   Han, Rey, Finn, et al. from the surface of whatever world they're on (which as I understood it was still some distance away from Republic space). Leia and the other Republic commanders observe from their command center. The troops who fire the weapon appear able to observe its results.   My question is, what is the relative position of all of these vantage points that would allow simultaneous observation like that?  Even from a vantage point within the targeted system it would likely take minutes, at least, to observe the full effects of the weapon.  Was everyone actually in more-or-less the same place (or at least, equidistant from the target zone) when the weapon was fired?  Meaning the First Order was firing on a very nearby target (which would invite the question of why the Republic would allow such a massive and obvious superweapon to be constructed so close to their area of influence?)?  Or is this just a case of the movie not taking practical physics into account?
On Takodana,      the main characters and various bar patrons can see the planet Hosnian Prime being destroyed by Starkiller Base with their (respective) naked eyes. How did they see this? Is the Hosnian system close enough to see? If it's not very close and they could just see the explosion, how did the light from it reach them so quickly?
In preparation for the eventual deployment of full HTTPS support on Stack Exchange, and also to make the currently available "alpha" HTTPS support more usable, all links from Stack Exchange sites to other Stack Exchange sites should be .  Currently, at least the following places still feature links with explicit http: protocol prefixes:   the page footer, the "Hot Network Questions" and "Community Bulletin" modules in the sidebar,  (the site switcher menu is OK, though),   and, of course,   lots and lots of user-supplied links in post and comment content.   I've posted this feature request with the intent to provide a single central place for tracking these issues, rather than having them scattered across multiple meta threads.  If you find more places on SE where protocol-relative links should be used, please report them below.  I fully expect this request, in its full sense, to be treated as  for the time being; however, these issues do need to be fixed at some point before our HTTPS support is ready for "prime time".  Ps. Yes, the next release of  (v1.10) is going to include a general client-side fix for most of these issues.  In the mean time, the  plugin effectively provides the same functionality, and much more besides. Error in batch file to copy folder: 'Invalid number of parameters' I am making a batch file in Windows XP to copy my folders I need to another folder on my PC. I am getting an error.  I get the error "Invalid number of parameters".  xcopy /s/z D:\Documents and Settings\%username%\Desktop C:\SomeRandomFolder\ xcopy /s/z D:\Documents and Settings\%username%\Favorites C:\SomeRandomFolder\ xcopy /s/z D:\Documents and Settings\%username%\Start Menu C:\SomeRandomFolder\ xcopy /s/z D:\Documents and Settings\%username%\My Documents C:\SomeRandomFolder\ xcopy /s/z D:\Documents and Settings\%username%\PrintHood C:\SomeRandomFolder\ xcopy /s/z D:\Documents and Settings\%username%\NetHood C:\SomeRandomFolder\ xcopy /s/z D:\Documents and Settings\%username%\Templates C:\SomeRandomFolder\ xcopy /s/z D:\Documents and Settings\%username%\Searches C:\SomeRandomFolder\ xcopy /s/z D:\Documents and Settings\%username%\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Outlook C:\SomeRandomFolder\ pause   Then I changed the batch and get this error: "File not found - Desktop"   xcopy /s/z D:\...\%username%\Desktop C:\SomeRandomFolder\ pause   How do I fix these errors? Can Git hook scripts be managed along with the repository? We'd like to make a few basic hook scripts that we can all share -- for things like pre-formatting commit messages.  Git has hook scripts for that that are normally stored under &lt;project&gt;/.git/hooks/.  However, those scripts are not propagated when people do a clone and they are not version controlled.    Is there a good way to help everyone get the right hook scripts?  Can I just make those hook scripts point to version controlled scripts in my repo? As you may know, Facebook allows users to choose a "vanity URL," allowing easy linking to one's profile. However, once set, this URL cannot be changed and this was done for security reasons, understandably.  I have a friend whose now ex-partner set the URL to be "herfirstname.hislastname" without her permission. She tried to change it after this, but to no avail.  Has anyone successfully contacted Facebook and got them to either disable the name and revert back to an ID or change the name to another? bash history for current session Maybe I'm overlooking something but is there a way to get your current bash history for the current session you are using like  if i run  ssh host $ pwd $ ls $ cd /tmp   I just want to see those 3 commands and nothing else What happened to the "very low quality" flag reason? Possible Duplicate:          I see a  to receive a "very low quality" flag by me.  It's just a link pointing elsewhere basically saying, "try this." I generally do this for answers I see that are like this and have been successful every time so far.  I save "not a real answer" flag for other cases such as someone asking another question in an answer or "thanks" answers.  I want to flag it as "VLQ" but I don't see that as an option*.  In fact, I don't see it as an option anymore on any site throughout the Stack Exchange network.  * This was not possible before when I initially posted this. Michael's observation on the needed downvote seems to be the reason it didn't show up.  Did it just get phased out as being unnecessary?  Should I be using "NARA" as the flag reason for this case now?  I'm not sure if the "NARA" explanation really covers this case well: (emphasis mine)     This was posted as an answer, but it does not answer the question. It should possibly be an edit, a comment, another question, or deleted altogether.   These sorts of answers can answer the question in general.  The site linked to might very well completely answer the question.  (in this particular case, maybe not however)  It's just that the answerer really should do something to improve the answer.  It's not like it's a "This question is a duplicate of this [onsite question] post" or some other general spam.  Those cases are clearly "NARA"/spam.  There was a  regarding the necessity of this flag reason.  Answers point out that it is needed and I agree.  There hasn't been anything mentioned (that I am aware of) in terms of removing it by the team.  Was this officially removed now in favor of other flagging reasons?  Or is this just a bug and it was "accidentally" removed? Atiyah-Macdonald, Exercise 5.4 I was having some trouble with the following exercise from Atiyah-Macdonald.     Let $A$ be a subring of $B$ such that $B$ is integral over $A$. Let $\mathfrak{n}$ be a maximal ideal of $B$ and let $\mathfrak{m}=\mathfrak{n} \cap A$ be the corresponding maximal ideal of $A$. Is $B_{\mathfrak{n}}$ integral over $A_{\mathfrak{m}}$?   The book gives a hint which serves as a counter-example. Consider the subring $k[x^{2}-1]$ of $k[x]$ where $k$ is a field, and let $\mathfrak{n}=(x-1)$. I am trying to show that $1/(x+1)$ could not be integral over $k[x^{2}-1]_{\mathfrak{n}^{c}}$.  I have understood why this situation serves as a counterexample. But I am essentially stuck at trying to draw a contradiction. A hint or any help would be great. I just want to know if it's possible to get Cain and abel installed in ubuntu, it would really help my work instead of dual booting back to my windows 7 just to use it. THanks! What is the rule for adjective order? At the end of this nice video (), she says that  is a chain reaction of electric and magnetic fields creating each other so the chain of wave moves forward.  I wonder where the  is in this explanation. What is the relation between electromagnetic wave and photon? Can't find boot-repair package for the newest version of Ubuntu Java method dispatch with null argument To hyphenate or not? As a non-native speaker of English and an engineer by training, I always get confused about hyphenation and almost always end up referring to Google every time I need to make that decision.  Does anybody know of a concise, comprehensive style guide to hyphenation that explains this rather complex issue, once and for all? Mobile SE sites not allowing edits to edits When you have less than 2K rep and your edit goes in a queue, you are usually allowed to revise your edit while it is being reviewed, by clicking the edit button again on the question page. However, when on mobile SE sites, the edit button disappears when you have submitted an edit for review.    Editing  by  into the question: It seems that the cause of this is when the mobile site hides the edit link (when there is a pending edit), it doesn't check who is making the edit, which means that it hides it for your own as well as other's edits. JavaScript: client-side vs. server-side validation Which is better to do client side or server side validation?  In our situation we are using    jQuery and MVC.   JSON data to pass between our View and Controller.     A lot of the validation I do is validating data as users enter it. For example I use the the keypress event to prevent letters in a text box, set a max number of characters and that a number is with in a range.   I guess the better question would be, Are there any benefits to doing server side validation over client side?    Awesome answers everyone. The website that we have is password protected and for a small user base(&lt;50). If they are not running JavaScript we will send ninjas. But if we were designing a site for everyone one I'd agree to do validation on both sides. How to draw arrows between parts of an equation to show the Math Distributive Property (Multiplication)? There is a part of my paper where I use the distributive property and it might not be clear to the reader to see the operation result (I'm using in proposional logic for a proof). The logic equation (part of) is: $$ (l_{1}) \vee \big( (p \vee q) \wedge (\neg p \vee q) \wedge (p \vee \neg q) \wedge (\neg p \vee \neg q)\big) $$ $$ (l_{1} \vee p \vee q) \wedge (l_{1} \vee \neg p \vee q) \wedge (l_{1} \vee p \vee \neg q) \wedge (l_{1} \vee \neg p \vee \neg q) $$  So I was wondering if there is a way to represent this operation like a 'shower' (see another example in pic ). Maybe there is some hidden magic mathmode command or pkg for this. At last we can also rely on tikz. Why is $A^TA$ invertible if $A$ has independent columns? How can I understand that $A^TA$ is invertible if $A$ has independent columns? I found a similar , phrased the other way around, so I tried to use the theorem  $$ rank(A^TA) \le min(rank(A^T),rank(A)) $$  Given $rank(A) = rank(A^T) = n$ and $A^TA$ produces an $n\times n$ matrix, I can't seem to prove that $rank(A^TA)$ is actually $n$.  I also tried to look at the question another way with the matrices  $$ A^TA = \begin{bmatrix}a_1^T \\ a_2^T \\ \ldots \\ a_n^T \end{bmatrix}   \begin{bmatrix}a_1 a_2 \ldots a_n \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}A^Ta_1 A^Ta^2 \ldots A^Ta_n\end{bmatrix} $$  But I still can't seem to show that $A^TA$ is invertible. So, how should I get a better understanding of why $A^TA$ is invertible if $A$ has independent columns? I know this proof is somewhat similar, or related to the Baire's Category Theorem but I can't seem to figure out how to do it.  The Baire Category theorem asserts that if X is a complete metric space or a locally compact Hausdorff space (my case), then the complement of a countable union of nowhere dense sets is always nonempty.  How can I use this on the proof? Chrome browser will not connect to intranet web addresses How do I download a YouTube video?