The independent variables in the dataset contains categorical variables such as  Gender ( 2 levels) Mode of Shipment ( 3 levels) Product Importance ( 4 levels)  and Numerical Variables such as  Customer care calls Discount Offered Package weight  How do I find the correlations between these variables?  Converting categorical variables in to dummy variables and then using pearson correlation? What if the dummy variable categories also shows correlations too? such as correlation between Mode of shipment categories, Flight, ship, road? Do I need to remove the highly correlated dummy variable category with the other mode of shipment category? or doing separate correlations between numerical variables using pearson correlation, and for categorical variables using chi sq statistics?  How to go about it? Thank you! It's a long question, but really need this clarity. Would appreciate any additional links too. Thanks again!
I am building a regression model and I need to calculate the below to check for correlations   Correlation between 2 Multi level categorical variables Correlation between a Multi level categorical variable and continuous variable  VIF(variance inflation factor) for a Multi level categorical variables   I believe its wrong to use Pearson correlation coefficient for the above scenarios because Pearson only works for 2 continuous variables.   Please answer the below questions   Which correlation coefficient works best for the above cases ?  VIF calculation only works for continuous data so what is the alternative?  What are the assumptions I need to check before I use the correlation coefficient you suggest?  How to implement them in SAS &amp; R?
This is a repost with additional info of an older question that was never answered. I have stumbled upon this old question while also trying to find the name of the book series myself, as I dearly wish to read it again but for the life of me, I can't remember the name of it.      This is a long shot but I'm really in need of help for this because      it was an amazing book. It was either a kid's or YA book. A guess      from what year it was published would be 90s-mid 2000s, as I read it      around 2008-2011.         The book cover was in first person view, with the main character   holding a weapon, and was a 3D rendered image inside a dungeon or   cave (that was very reminiscent of early 90s CGI animation), though   there may be variants.    It would have been set around when computer   games were mainstream (maybe around the same time as when it might've   been published) It's about a teenage boy who is bored at home, so he   looks through an old family computer to play a game and finds one   that he has never seen before. When he plays it he gets transported   into the game which is a fantasy-medieval setting.    All that I can   remember about the game and story is that the main character is on a   quest, he rides horses a lot, (to the point where he can ride horses   perfectly in real life), at one point he eats food at an ingame   tavern/restaurant? and he tosses the ingame coin currency at the   server because he's in a hurry, (don't know why I remember that bit   specifically haha), and he meets a gnome/dwarf character who is   helping him on his journey, who has a home in an ingame mountain, and   that time goes faster in the game. (For example, if he spent 5   minutes in the real world, 3 in-game days would have passed)   Sometimes as he's playing something stops him from being able the   play the game for a few weeks, maybe a concerned parent because he's   playing too much or there's a family vacation. I remember during the   time when he's not playing the game he's on a farm and knew how to   ride the horses there.    There was a character in the real world who   was the main character's sibling, relative or friend. They were like   a rival and was also very whiny (to some extent). They were on the   farm as well with him and questioned how the main character knew how   to ride a horse when he had never done it in real life.   This is all I can remember but if you need more specific information I can try and answer. It is definitely not Space Demons or Demons Don't Dream. If anyone knows anything remotely similar please mention it, I would really appreciate it. Thank you!!            Additional info:    It is not an online game or virtual reality game. It was a normal PC game, and all other characters are (I think), just NPCs.  He woke up for the first time in a field/farm and was super confused about what happened and where he was, as he had never played the game before. He is asked a super serious question before starting the game up for the first time, like "are you sure you wish to play ___?", and then he is transported into the game.  He frequently exited the game, to continue his IRL life. And sometimes, he would lose access to the family desktop PC for a couple of days at a time, and when he went back everyone in the game (NPCs), thought he had disappeared because he was gone for ages. I think once, his family when on holidays and he couldn't take the PC, for example.  It was a book series, not a single book. In later books he would play the game again months later in the real world, and years and years would have passed in the game world.  The plot involved 2 main warring sides/factions/countries of humans, but there were fantasy/magical races and characters involved. I vaguely remember something about each side having official colours, one red and one blue. I think the main character was on the blue side.   The original question was never correctly answered, so I'm posting again to see if anyone can remember.   Books that were ruled out in original post: Eden's Gate &amp; Heir Apparent. How can we prove charge invariance under Lorentz Transformation? Orange squares appearing on render? I'm trying to render a scene in Blender, and as of yesterday (it was not doing this when I was working on it 2-3 days ago), I am seeing orange squares dancing around the rendered image. Google tells me that these are render tiles (I think), but what are they, why are they there, and how do I get rid of them? I think the title says it. Did expansion of the universe steal the energy somehow? how to create facebook event in an android app? "On/at/for/over the weekend" in American English Some sources say that "at the weekend" is wrong, while other ones say it's correct. Which form is acceptable in American English?        On Saturdays her sister Ann usually comes to stay with Mary on/at/for/over the weekend/s.   What are you going to do at/on/for/over the weekend/s?    We are going to Paris on/at/for/over the weekend/s.   Are you going to stay here for/at/on/over the weekend/s?      Which preposition do American English speakers use — at, on, for, over? Is there an equivalent of MATLAB's Workspace window in Mathematica? What is this “(arg: 1)” appearing in terminal/tty after I pressed a combination of keys? In a virtual terminal I (accidentally) pressed Win+1 and got a new line consisting of  (arg: 1)   As long as I keep Win pressed, all numbers I press get appended to the number in the parentheses, e.g. Win and 1+4 yields (arg:14).  When I (after releasing Win) press any key, that character is printed as many times as the number reads and the (arg: ...) expression is replaced by the standard prompt.  Does anybody know what happens here? is_active_sidebar() Always Returns False Visiting Greece with back-to-back Schengen visas (One from Germany, other from Italy) How does quantization solve the ultraviolet catastrophe? How can number of subdirectories and files be determined from the output of using ls -ld command?  I realize that this command only lists the directories. I looked "$\divideontimes$" up on Google and now I know that it's Unicode U+22c7 but when would it be used?  I am guessing that $5 \divideontimes 5 = 25$ and $1$...? Add a legend in an ArcGIS Javascript API I am quite new to Javascript. I have made a html script that includes services I published to ArcGIS for server. It all does exactly what I want and I made it by copying working scripts together and getting help from more experienced scripters. I want to finetune my service by adding a legend. Unfortunately I am not able to create a working script. I have added the parts of my script I assume that are necessary to create my legend. Does anybody see what I am doing wrong?        &lt;script&gt;         var map;         var wmsLayer;         var URL;         var legend;         require(["dojo/query", "esri/map", "esri/layers/WMSLayer", "esri/dijit/Legend", "esri/config", "dojo/domReady!"],         function (query, Map, WMSLayer, Legend, esriConfig) {          esriConfig.defaults.io.proxyUrl = "/proxy/proxy_gcx.php";            map = new Map("map", {               basemap: "topo",               center: [5.5, 52.485],               minZoom: 8,               maxZoom: 13,               zoom: 8,               slider: true           });            wmsLayer = new WMSLayer("URL", {               format: "png",               visibleLayers: ["31", "30", "29", "28"]           });            map.on("layer-add", function (results) {               //add the legend               legend = new Legend({                   map: map,                   layerInfos: [{                       layer: results,                       title: "test"                   }]               }, "legendDiv");               legend.startup();           });             map.addLayer(wmsLayer);       });     &lt;/script&gt; &lt;/head&gt;  &lt;body&gt;     &lt;div id="map"&gt;     &lt;/div&gt;     &lt;div id="legendDiv"&gt;     &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/body&gt;   EDIT: I have edited the code. I am still not done. It does give me a legend on my browser but it says there is no content in there. On my arcgis server manager there is a legend. javascript object access performance I am trying to test the impact of a sale initiative on store revenue. I have created 10 matched pairs of stores and then randomly distributed one store in each pair into a test or control group.  I then ran the sale for 21 days within the test group (keeping control constant) and measured relative lift in revenue compared to baseline.  My questions  1.) Should I be using a paired t-test based on the previous store matching  2.) Should I be measuring across each day of the test such as:          Control Test 1/1/2017    4   3 1/2/2017    3   4 1/3/2017    1   3 1/4/2017    2   3 1/5/2017    2   4 1/6/2017    1   7   Or measuring across my paired markets such as:                 Test Control Market Pair 1   10  5 Market Pair 2   8   3 Market Pair 3   5   1 Correctly typesetting a tilde How do I set the tilde (~) character correctly in LaTeX?  There’s a  on Stack Overflow, with a lot of answers. But dare I say it? They all suck:   \textasciitilde is too high, \texttildelow is too low. $\sim$ can be tweaked to look more or less acceptable: {\raise.17ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle\sim$}} – but even that is a hack and uses the wrong symbol.   The point is – the tilde character is definitely an existing glyph in any font I am tempted to use. How can I just access and typeset that character, please? Without resorting to some other, similar-looking glyph that first needs to be nudged into place using a cunning combination of font size and raised boxes?  There must be a possibility to access that glyph directly from the font definition.  To demonstrate, look at this screenshot which attempts simply to display a C++ destructor of a type T (~T):    Compare this with the symbol we get in the browser: ~ – that’s what I want. I can follow the proofs in which the asymptotic normal-distribution of a maximum likelihood estimator $\tilde{\theta}_n$ is derived.   however, does this already imply that the maximum likelihood estimates are asymptotically unbiased, i.e. do we have $$E(\tilde{\theta}_n) \to \theta \text{ as } n \to \infty?$$  Since I am aware that in general it is not true that convergence in distribution implies convergence in moments, an explanation would be nice.  The result is often stated e.g.  as "...it means that the bias of the maximum likelihood estimator is equal to zero up to the order $n^{-1/2}$")  1.) Are  some kind of regularity conditions from the mle theory used to establish this result?  2.) Or is a $\sqrt{n}$-convergence of an estimator (to a normal distribution) in general already enough to establish convergence of its moments?  Note: the Wikipedia article mentions Cox, David R.; Snell, E. Joyce (1968).  , as a source where the order of the bias is derived (formula (12) or (20)).   However in this paper I can't follow the arguments 100%, since their Taylor approximation of $L'(\widehat{\beta})$ is lacking the remainder term. What is the argument used here to discard it completely? Should we use 'Title Case' or 'Sentence case' for headlines and buttons? I am wondering if we should use  or  for buttons and headings in websites and web/mobile apps? Title Case: Manage my Account Delete my Account  Sentence case: Manage my account Delete my account  In  I found the recommendation 'choose your style and be consistent'. This is it? Aren't there any other (additional) recommendations or sources. Like for specific use cases or apps where the one style would be preferred over the other? Edit: The question refers primarily to English, but differences in other languages are also good to know. I am trying to find all 1- or 2- dimensional Lie Algebras "a" up to isomorphism. This is what I have so far:  If a is 1-dimensional, then every vector (and therefore every tangent vector field) is of the form $cX$. Then , by anti-symmetry, and bilinearity:  $$[X,cX]=c[X,X]= -c[X,X]==0$$  I think this forces a unique Lie algebra because Lie algebra isomorphisms preserve the bracket.  I also know Reals $\mathbb{R}$ are the only 1-dimensional Lie group, so its Lie algebra ($\mathbb{R}$ also) is also 1-dimensional. How can I show that every other 1-dimensional algebra is isomorphic to this one? Do I use preservation of bracket?  For 2 dimensions, I am trying to use the fact that the dimension of the Lie algebra g of a group $G$ is the same as the dimension of the ambient group/manifold $G$. I know that all surfaces (i.e., groups of dimension 2) can be classified as products of spheres and Tori, and I think the only 2-dimensional Lie group is $S^1\times S^1$, but I am not sure every Lie algebra can be realized as the Lie algebra of a Lie group ( I think this is true in the finite-dimensional case, but I am not sure).  I know there is a result out there that I cannot yet prove that all 1- and  2-dimensional Lie algebras are isomorphic to Lie subalgebras of $GL(2,\mathbb{R})$ (using matrix multiplication, of course); would someone suggest how to show this last? Thanks.