I have installed several snaps programs on my Ubuntu 18.10 and it's taking almost 4 minutes to the computer to startup. I noticed those /loop/dev... that appears at startup and found out that those are the snaps programs loading. I never knew that, if I knew it I would never installed them as snaps. I think there are a lot of people who also do not know about it. Is there any way I could fix this? several of those programs are already set up and running just right and I did not want to have to reinstall them. Does the only way is to reinstall them as flatpak or through repository? Any suggestion of what kind of package to use so i don't have anymore unpleasant surprises like that?
After booting I ran systemd-analyze blame and here are the results:       21.596s systemd-journal-flush.service      18.658s dev-sda8.device      15.099s dev-loop33.device      15.034s dev-loop19.device      15.012s dev-loop34.device      14.989s dev-loop21.device      14.877s dev-loop15.device      14.866s dev-loop26.device      14.773s dev-loop27.device      14.684s dev-loop30.device      14.677s dev-loop32.device      14.649s dev-loop35.device      14.590s dev-loop25.device      14.267s dev-loop23.device      14.192s dev-loop24.device      14.156s dev-loop29.device      14.133s dev-loop16.device      14.065s dev-loop31.device      14.059s dev-loop28.device      13.821s dev-loop20.device      13.531s dev-loop22.device      13.495s dev-loop14.device      13.364s dev-loop18.device   What are these dev-loopxx.device (xx denotes numbers) services and why are they taking so much time? Are they related to the mounting of snaps? Can I reduce the boot time by disabling them? I'm running Ubuntu 18.04 alongside Windows 10.
Relating the Color of meat to doneness I want to know more about how to correlate the color of meat to its level of doneness. How do I recognize how cooked my meat is based solely on color? Can the 5E abjurer wizard recover temp hp on his arcane ward any time it is below max or only when it reaches 0? On p115 of the PHB under Arcane Ward there are a few facts that I think are clear:   The ward is created by the first abjuration spell you cast in a day It has a max hp of level &times; 2 + int modifier. The ward does not absorb damage once it reaches 0 hp, but it remains until you take a long rest The ward can be recharged by casting abjuration spells, at a rate of 2 x spell level worth of hp 3.   However, the way they wrote the paragraph about recharging seems unclear to me. Can you recharge the ward whenever it is below max hp or only when it is at 0? My understanding of temporary hp would say it is the latter, but the writing on this ability infers the former.  An example.  If I were a level 10 abjurer with 20 int and cast Mage Armor, it would give the ward 25 hp. If I took 30 damage from an enemy, the ward would absorb 25 damage, leaving it at 0, and I would take the remaining 5 damage. If I cast Stoneskin (level 4 abjuration) the ward would be recharged with 8 hp. If I then cast Planar Binding (level 5 abjuration) which would be correct?   The ward remain at 8 hp The ward would recharge an additional 10 hp to a total of 18 hp To prove $ \tan(A) + 2 \tan(2A) +4\tan4A + 8 \cot8A =\cot(A) $ Trying to install Ubuntu on Dell XPS 15 (9570) I have been trying to install Ubuntu on my new laptop:     Dell XPS 15 (9570)   Windows 10 Home 64bit English   8th Generation Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8750H Processor (9M Cache, up to 4.1 GHz, 6 cores)   16GB, 2x8GB, DDR4, 2666MHz   256GB M.2 2280 PCIe Solid State Drive   NVIDIA(R) GeForce(R) GTX 1050Ti with 4GB GDDR5     I began by trying to install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS using an 8GB USB drive. The first issue I ran into was getting frozen on the bootup screen on the fourth dot. After a couple tries, I plugged in my monitor (through HDMI) and it stopped getting stuck all of a sudden.    Next, I tried to go through the installation and when I clicked on restart now, my computer froze and I had to shut it down manually and start it back up again. At this point I got to the login screen and logged in but after entering my password it got stuck on a purple screen with my mouse pointer (which was frozen). I was able to get into a shell at this point (with ctrl+alt+f4) and attempted to run sudo apt-get install nvidia-390 but this froze when it reached building initial module for 4.15.0-22-generic and upon reboot I had to run sudo dpkg --remove -a.    I was unable to work around this so I attempted to install Ubuntu 16.04 which I could only do by adding acpi=off to the boot configuration (which by the way, I had a lot of trouble getting to since GRUB usually flashed in and then immediately disappeared and only occasionally would it stick around long enough for me to use). But when I try to boot up now, I never reach the screen with the five dots and instead immediately get stuck on a purple screen (with no mouse pointer).  I reinstalled Ubuntu 18.04 and am back to being stuck on the log-in screen.  What should I do? How to permanently set environmental variables My variables are   LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64   How to save these variables permanently ? How to request a random row in SQL? How can I request a random row (or as close to truly random as is possible) in pure SQL? Recently I paid a lot (almost one month of my salary) for repairing my car. I am wondering if there is a way to get deduction on federal or state taxes (USA, California). Better yet, are there any Spacewalk-like software packages that work for both RedHat-based and Debian-based systems? What is the best collation to use for MySQL with PHP? I'm wondering if there is a "best" choice for collation in MySQL for a general website where you aren't 100% sure of what will be entered? I understand that all the encodings should be the same, such as MySQL, Apache, the HTML and anything inside PHP.  In the past I have set PHP to output in "UTF-8", but which collation does this match in MySQL? I'm thinking it's one of the UTF-8 ones, but I have used utf8_unicode_ci, utf8_general_ci, and utf8_bin before. The English alphabet has a common pronunciation. For example, the letter b is pronounced like the word bee, the letter c like the word see, and the letter i like the word aye.  Is there a formal spelling for the letter names? What does [&] mean before function? I just installed Ubuntu alongside to Windows 7, and now Windows 7 will not boot.  When the system starts, it shows me entry for Windows 7 in the boot menu, when I click on the Windows 7 option in the boot menu, after few seconds it will show me the boot menu again and Windows will not boot. It shows me no error message. Windows 7 option is available in the boot menu but it just does not boot.  Here are my boot info results   update - 30/01/2012 I tried windows recovery - fix startup issues - that showed no problems but issues were not resolved  Then I tried the widnows recovery console and run following commands  bootrec /fixboot bootrec/ fixmbr bootrec /RebuildBCD   But that does not help, Now neither ubuntu nor windows will boot. When I boot from windows CD it shows me a valid windows installation in c:\ drive.  update After a lot of help I got from #ubuntu channel and trying out different things, ultimately I can now boot both windows and ubuntu, still, the issue is not completely resolved though.  Here's what made it work  Boot using ubuntu live CD and then run the testdisk utility as steps mentioned  Restart system and I was able to see the boot menu and boot into Ubuntu, then put the following code in boot/grub/custom.cfg. Restart and now I can see one more entry to boot win7, clicking on it boots windows.  menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) with grub ntldr workaround" --class windows --class os   {     insmod part_msdos     insmod ntfs     set root='(hd0,msdos1)'     search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root FAF0F57DF0F54085     ntldr /bootmgr }   It will make windows boot probably but now windows have a dependency on Ubuntu and I can not remove Ubuntu or else windows will stop working.  Credit goes to 'Jordan_U' on #ubuntu channel.   update Here are the win7 boot details I got from EasyBCD  Windows Boot Manager -------------------- identifier              {9dea862c-5cdd-4e70-acc1-f32b344d4795} device                  partition=C: path                    \bootmgr description             Windows Boot Manager locale                  en-US default                 {04fe8f95-4b17-11e1-a45c-909d3d25f938} displayorder            {04fe8f95-4b17-11e1-a45c-909d3d25f938} timeout                 30  Windows Boot Loader ------------------- identifier              {04fe8f95-4b17-11e1-a45c-909d3d25f938} device                  partition=C: path                    \Windows\system32\winload.exe description             Windows 7 Home Premium locale                  en-US osdevice                partition=C: systemroot              \Windows resumeobject            {8d25a443-4b0a-11e1-a835-806e6f6e6963}   Note Still, I am looking for how can I have everything clean and how can I boot windows without having a dependency on Ubuntu. so that if ever I have to remove ubuntu, windows will keep booting file without ubuntu. This is a tricky one and I've always relied on techniques, such as permission-based emails (i.e. only sending to people you have permission to send to) and not using blatantly spamish terminology.  Of late, some of the emails I send out programmatically have started being shuffled into people's spam folder automatically and I'm wondering what I can do about it.  This is despite the fact that these particular emails are not ones that humans would mark as spam, specifically, they are emails that contain license keys that people have paid good money for, so I don't think they're going to consider them spam  I figure this is a big topic in which I am essentially an ignorant simpleton. A shrinking map that is not a contraction no fixed point. Working from Munkres.  Show that $f: \mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ given by $f(x) = [x+\sqrt{(x^2+1)}]/2$ is a shrinking map that is not a contraction that has no fixed point.   I figured out the fixed point part but have no clue how to show the other part.  For the fixed point part $$f(x) = x \Leftrightarrow x = [x+\sqrt{(x^2+1)}]/2$$  then $$2x = x + \sqrt{(x^2+1)}$$ $$x = \sqrt{(x^2+1)}$$ $$ x^2 = x^2+1$$  Which is a contradiction.   Thanks in advance. We have set up GA on several websites to gather information about traffic to the site. We know about the organic keywords that are displayed under the Acquisition section of the traffic report. But we have been asked to find a way to display "not provided" keywords typed in by the end user in our Google Analytics report.  Is it possible to accomplish this? Today after I installed Ubuntu 16.04 via USB on my pre-installed Windows 8 machine, I was required to restart my computer. After doing so I wasn't offered to select an OS, so after searching the internet, I came across Boot-Repair which I ran using the Try Ubuntu option in my Ubuntu installation USB. Following the boot repair I got a message saying,  If your computer directly reboots into Windows, try to change the boot order in your BIOS. If your BIOS does not allow to change the boot order, change the default boot entry of your Windows bootloader. For example, you can boot into Windows then type the following in an admin command prompt: bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi   After I rebooted my PC, I am receiving the following error message for about 3 seconds, after which it boots automatically into Windows 8, without letting me access Ubuntu. Error received while booting after manufacturer's logo, before grub: Failed to open \EFI\BOOT\grubx64.efi - Not Found   Failed to load image \EFI\BOOT\grubx64.efi: Not Found     start_image() returned Not Found    So I tried the other solution of typing that command in the cmd, to which my surprise, worked, and I am now prompted a window (grub) to choose my OS each time I turn on my PC, but unfortunately, I still receive an error each time, that lasts about 3s, after which I can choose my OS (both are working just fine) and work normally. Do you have any suggestions to get rid of the error message each time I boot my PC? I have both Windows 7 and Ubuntu installed on a shared machine. Because a lot of the non-developers use Windows, I'd like to change the boot order to make it easier for them.  Currently the boot order looks like the following:   Ubuntu 11.10 kernelgeneric *86 Ubuntu 11.10 kernelgeneric *86 (safe boot)  Memory test Memory test Windows 7 on /dev/sda6   How do I change the default order so that Windows 7 is at the top of the list?   Windows 7 on /dev/sda6 Ubuntu 11.10 kernelgeneric *86 Ubuntu 11.10 kernelgeneric *86 (safe boot)  Memory test Memory test Why doesn't Stack Apps have its own meta? Prove that $U_{pq}$ is not cyclic if $p$ and $q$ are distinct odd primes.   I am a self taught person. I just learned this and tried this on my own and came up with this.  $x \equiv 1 \pmod{p}$ and $x \equiv -1 \pmod{q}$ has a solution $[a]_{pq}$, since $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime. Because $q$ is an odd prime, $[-1]_{pq}$ is not a solution, so $[a]_{pq}\neq [-1]_{pq}$. But $a^2 \equiv 1 \pmod{p}$ and $a^2 \equiv 1 \pmod{q}$, so $a^2 \equiv 1\pmod{pq}$ since $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime, and thus $[a]_{pq}$ has order 2.  Can someone please tell me if this proof this correct? Please help with proof as I learned it just now as a self taught person. Deriving ordered statistics minimum cdf Assume ${{X}_{1}}$, ${{X}_{2}}$, ${{X}_{3}}$,...,${{X}_{n}}$  are i.i.d. samples from distribution with density f, and cdf F.  Let V=min( ${{X}_{1}}$, ${{X}_{2}}$, ${{X}_{3}}$,...,${{X}_{n}}$)  To find the minimum $${B}_{v}={\{V\ge{v}\}}=\{{X}_{1}\ge{v}\}\cap\{{X}_{2}\ge{v}\}\cap...\cap\{{X}_{n}\ge{v}\}$$  So, $$P(V\ge{v})=[1-F(v)]^{n}$$  The cdf is  $$F_{v}(V)=1-[1-F(v)]^{n}$$   The density is $${f}_{v}(V)=\frac{d}{dv}[1-F(v)]^{n}=nf(v)[1-F(v)]^{n-1}$$   To find the density, why did we use $[1-F(v)]^{n}$ instead of $1-[1-F(v)]^{n}$, shouldn't we used the cdf to derive the pdf?