Say I have designed a logic circuit. If I were to construct it, due to the cost of individual components as IC's, it would be very expensive (and tedious). Is there a way that I can get my circuit printed into an IC?  So far it seems from my research that companies don't like to print a single IC and would rather that you ordered thousands and pay a minimum fee of ~$10,000 which for my budget is out of the question.  The circuit I have now I estimate is around $600 which is still not within my budget (under $200).  Is there any reasonable way to do this? I can't imagine it is this hard for people to build their own (largeish) logic circuits.  Edit: I should add that this is a hobby and only one or so IC is needed.
I have browsed several ASIC manufacturer's webs, but I haven't found an actual number. I assume there would be a fixed cost associated with creating masks and such and then there will be a cost per unit.     Note: that I don't actually want to have an ASIC made, I'm just curious.
How do I rip audio from a DVD? I remember reading a long time ago how you can rip the audio (music) from a DVD and convert it to a usable/readable format.  I can't find that article any more. Can anybody help me? New Div - "Hiding questions because of your Ignored Tags preferences for tags" I think this message/div/box was just added today since I've never noticed it before, it is very noticeable.    I'm already aware that I'm hiding questions because I selected to hide them in my preferences. Isn't this a bit redundant? Now I have to scroll down more to be able to click to the next page. Plus see that same message dozens upon dozens of times a day.    Here are my ignored tags. So I'm going to have to see the same message on any question page that I'm on. Even though I already know questions are being hidden. I'm not understanding the point to this new div/box notification.  Does anyone find this new div/box useful? Do you find it redundant?       EDIT:   Also, this isn't just for StackOverflow.   I only have 2 ignored tags for CodeReview currently. And I have it set for only 15 questions per page. But still, on every page I click to it shows! I'm trying to typeset some python code, and I would like integer literals to be highlighted. I've come up, after about two hours of fighting with the documentation and various other questions here and on SO, with the following:  \lstset{ %     language=Python,     otherkeywords={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0},     morekeywords=[2]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0},     keywordstyle=[2]{\color{orange}},     keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries,     stringstyle=\color{red}, }   Unfortunately, that doesn't work. Numbers found in strings are also highlighted, which is rather annoying, and not only are they highlighted: they are highlighted in blue. Numerals in regular program text, on the other hand, are rightly highlighted in red.  Help?  EDIT: Thanks Peter Grill for your very nice solution. Is there a way to not break string colouring, though? When I use you code, the stringstyle=\color{red} doesn't seem to work anymore (strings are just plain black). Similarly, comments can be enclosed in triple quotes in python, and if I adapt your quote to detect """ blocks, then the corresponding  comments are not highlighted anymore. What is the maximum or minimum tire width I can fit on my bicycle We often get questions on bicycles.stackexchange about fitting wider or narrower tires to bicycles. We have a large number of these with answers suiting the specific bike or style of bicycle in question, but I have been unable to find one that provides a generic answer covering off all things that need to be considered. For most bicycles, the answer is the same regardless of the specific style and sizes of tires in question.   This is intended as a canonical question that we can point closed questions to. Mathematics for Quantum Mechanics What math should I study if I want to get a basic understanding of quantum mechanics and especially to be able to use the Schrodinger's equation. What are the highest DC and AC voltages or currents that can be considered as safe? I've read a new study which suggests that yawning may help you keep a cool head. Also, the findings might hold some hope for sufferers of insomnia, migraines, and even epilepsy.  Is there any conclusion about what the function of yawning is and why do we yawn? Why do archery arrows tilt downwards in their descent? Is there a max array length limit in C++? Is there a max length for an array in C++?  Is it a C++ limit or does it depend on my machine? Is it tweakable? Does it depend on the type the array is made of?  Can I break that limit somehow or do I have to search for a better way of storing information? And what should be the simplest way?  What I have to do is storing long long int on an array, I'm working in a Linux environment. My question is: what do I have to do if I need to store an array of N long long integers with N > 10 digits?  I need this because I'm writing some cryptographic algorithm (as for example the p-Pollard) for school, and hit this wall of integers and length of arrays representation. What if the answers of a historical locked question become obsolete? This is a  about Apache's mod_rewrite.   Changing a request URL or redirecting users to a different URL than the one they originally requested is done using mod_rewrite. This includes such things as:   Changing HTTP to HTTPS (or the other way around) Changing a request to a page which no longer exist to a new replacement. Modifying a URL format (such as ?id=3433 to /id/3433 ) Presenting a different page based on the browser, based on the referrer, based on anything possible under the moon and sun. Anything you want to mess around with URL   Everything You Ever Wanted to Know about Mod_Rewrite Rules but Were Afraid to Ask!  How can I become an expert at writing mod_rewrite rules?   What is the fundamental format and structure of mod_rewrite rules? What form/flavor of regular expressions do I need to have a solid grasp of? What are the most common mistakes/pitfalls when writing rewrite rules? What is a good method for testing and verifying mod_rewrite rules? Are there SEO or performance implications of mod_rewrite rules I should be aware of? Are there common situations where mod_rewrite might seem like the right tool for the job but isn't? What are some common examples?   A place to test your rules  The  web site is a great place to play around with your rules and test them. It even shows the debug output so you can see what matched and what did not. Windows 7 Aero Snap two windows horizontally As many people already know, there are several ways to trigger Windows 7 Aero Snap feature. A user can either press Win+{Left,Right,Up,Down} to snap the window to the left or right or maximize or restore. One can also drag the title bar to all the corner except bottom one.  However, is there any keyboard or mouse shortcut to place one window on top half the screen, and another window on bottom half the screen? Please do not tell me to use "Show Windows Stacked" because if I have more than two windows, it will place ALL the windows horizontally, which is not what I want. I want to be able to select the window I want and place it automatically either on top or bottom half the screen.  Thanks!  Edit: Thanks for Moab's suggestion, both on recommend WinSplit and updating my question.  I should make it more clear that I'm looking for a software that will do the functions WinSplit provided, but with on screen input, such as touch screen or pen. Is "I'm being angry" ungrammatical? It is well established that:   'In quantum mechanics, the behavior of an electron in an atom is described by an orbital, which is a probability distribution rather than an orbit.   There are also many graphs describing this fact: : (hydrogen atomic orbital - one electron) In the figure, the shading indicates the relative probability to "find" the electron, having the energy corresponding to the given quantum numbers, at that point.  My question is: How do these symmetries shown in the above article occur?                 What about the 'preferable' axis of symmetries? Why these? complex polynomial satisfying inequality pdfTeX error (font expansion): auto expansion is only possible with scalable Taking the * of these two large shapefiles   locally using ArcMap takes appr. 10 min.   Over the last few weeks, I've tried to obtain the same results using other, open-source approaches without success. I am curious why only ArcMap seems to generate results in a reasonable amount of time without errors.   The approaches I've tried so far:  QGIS  The most straight-forward alternative. There are two "union" functions available in QGIS. One default (part of vector overlay), one based on SAGA. Both functions create the desired results on smaller samples but fail to run (or take forever) on my shapefiles. I tried running union for 30 minutes after which the progress bar was at appr. 4%    PostGIS  I've ingested the shapefiles on an AWS RDS instance running postGreSQL with PostGIS enabled. The approach is not so straight forward and requires a hideous long SQL query to obtain the same result. Most importantly, the query did not create a meaningful result on the full datasets. It did run properly on a sample though.   See separate question   CREATE TABLE test.sqlislelijk AS  -- input data with polys1 AS (   SELECT      pfaf_id as df1,     geom as g   FROM hybas06_v04 ), polys2 AS (   SELECT      aqid as df2,     geom as g   FROM y2018m11d14_rh_whymap_to_rds_v01_v01 ), -- intersections intersections AS (   SELECT df1, df2, ST_INTERSECTION(a.g, b.g) i, a.g AS g1, b.g AS g2    FROM polys1 a, polys2 b WHERE ST_INTERSECTS(a.g, b.g) ), -- per-row union of intersections with this row diff1 AS (   SELECT df1, ST_UNION(i) i FROM intersections GROUP BY df1 ), diff2 AS (   SELECT df2, ST_UNION(i) i FROM intersections GROUP BY df2 ), -- various combinations of intersections pairs AS (   SELECT df1, df2, i AS g FROM intersections   UNION ALL   SELECT      p.df1,     NULL,     CASE       WHEN i IS NULL THEN g        ELSE ST_DIFFERENCE(g, i)     END   FROM polys1 p LEFT JOIN diff1 d ON p.df1 = d.df1   UNION ALL   SELECT     NULL,     p.df2,     CASE       WHEN i IS NULL THEN g       ELSE ST_DIFFERENCE(g, i)     END   FROM polys2 p LEFT JOIN diff2 d ON p.df2 = d.df2   ) SELECT    df1 as pfaf_id,   df2 as aqid,   g as geom FROM pairs WHERE NOT ST_IsEmpty(g);   Google BigQuery  Google's GIS extension for BQ looks promising but I experienced weird behavior and internal errors, probably due to mixing of GEOMETRY and GEOGRAPHY objects. Also, the syntax is similar to PostGIS and a command of 1 line in geopandas takes >20 lines in SQL.   GeoPandas  Probably my favorite approach. The out-of the box approach does't give any results after running it for several hours. My latest approach includes tiling the shapefiles, use multiprocessing on each tile and merge them. Not very straight forward and one 10x10 degree tile till takes 40+ minutes to calculate.   See   It is the first time in my career that I am impressed by the performance of ArcMap. It seems that ArcMap handles this use-case much, much better than anything else. The issue seems persistent over all solutions I've tried so far. Is there something wrong in the underlying libraries of the open-source/alternative solutions?    Note that Union in ArcMap means something different than in the Shapely / PostGIS world. Is there a visual web editor based on bootstrap? Bootstrap is a great framework, and I want know if there is a tool that gives you the possibility of dragging html components, re-sizing and moving them, changing colours, all while generating the bootstrap html code.  I don't want to use Dreamweaver because you need to go and add classes and IDs to the html, which could be a pain sometimes. Can someone help with an explanation and some references, in order to understand the nature of return pulses within a LiDAR system. Headless linux install How do you do a headless install of linux? No monitor, no keyboard. Machine has floopy and cd drive. Can I configure a live cd to run sshd with a preconfigured pass or something similar and manage it via that?  Instructions for fedora 8+ would be ace but anything else also welcomed.  Cheers.