Apologies if this has already been answered, but I was not able to find it.  After re-watching Interstellar, I am not able to make sense of the scene where the crew decides to visit Miller's planet, the water-covered one near the black hole.  Lazarus was launched 12 years prior, and given the 2 year trip to the Saturn wormhole, it means Miller would have landed, in Earth's frame of reference, 10 years prior.  The whole crew acknowledges the fact that 1 hour of Miller-time (lol) equals 7 years of Earth-time.  This means that by the time our Brand/Cooper/etc crew makes it near Miller's planet, Miller could have only been on the planet for about 1.5 hours.  The protagonist crew KNOWS that Miller has only been on the planet for 90 minutes of her own time.  So, is the audience expected to believe that in a mere 90 minutes, Miller determined that her planet was a candidate for colonization and sent out multiple green light messages telling NASA to come to her?  I would think it would take at least days, more likely months, to determine a planet was suitable to be the salvation of the human species.  There are other problems with this aspect of the plot as well:  1) Apparently Miller crashed and died, so how and why would she/her ship/her robot send out the green light signal to NASA, along with accompanying data to prove her planet's worth as a future home.  2) Even if she hadn't crashed and died within 90 minutes, HER PLANET WAS NOT INHABITABLE.  It was just a shallow ocean with nothing to offer humanity.  Where was her "good data" even coming from.  In short, to me the Miller planet visit makes no sense.  1) She couldn't have been there for more than 90 minutes, 2) the planet was a colonization dud, and 3) she crashed and died upon trying land there.  So, given those three blockers, how does "we got a signal from Miller telling us her planet was a possibility" even enter the narrative.  It basically implies that IMMEDIATELY (under 90 minutes) upon nearing the planet, Miller, from space, took inaccurate readings about a planet she hadn't even landed on yet which convinced her to send a green light signal back to NASA, a signal that carried the fate of the entire human race.  Then she crashed and died, on planet that turns out to be uninhabitable.  AND, kicker, the crew chose this 90 minutes of data over the YEARS of data the other two scientists had been transmitting.  Bonus question:  How did our crew (and the Lazarus 12 for that matter) get to chose which planets they navigated to.  Seems like they just "entered the wormhole" and magically arrived at the system they wanted to.
After the events on Miller's planet, it seems to come as a revelation to Brand that     Miller had only landed a couple hours ago, and died a few minutes ago.   The crew of the Endurance, even when they were back at NASA headquarters, had all the information they needed to figure out the time dilation and how long Miller had been on the planet. As such, they must have known that     Miller, even in the best case, would have only had a couple hours worth of data.   Why use all those resources (fuel and time) just for that?
How to delete a file with a path too long to be deleted I was working with some computer vision source code I found and didn't realize that it creates a cache file that has a VERY LONG name and now I can't delete the 2 of them. I tried to rename it to a shorter name but I can't do anything to the file, I also tried to restart my computer and see if it would just go away. The error message says:  Destination Path Too Long. The file name(s) would be too long for the destination folder. You can shorten file name and try again, or try a location that has a shorter path.   How can I delete the files in this case? How do I read the history of my reputation? When I visit the reputation tab of my profile, I see a lot of stuff. I can make out some of it, but not all.   What do all the event types mean? Why do some events show an odd reputation gain or not show any reputation change at all? Why are some events sometimes highlighted in yellow? My reputation suddenly dropped, but I don't see anything. What happened? Why do some events disappear from my reputation history? How can I calculate the angle and proper turn direction between two 2D vectors? I am working on some movement AI where there are no obstacles and movement is restricted to the XY plane. I am calculating two vectors, v, the facing direction of ship 1, and w, the vector pointing from the position of ship 1 to ship 2.  I am then calculating the angle between these two vectors using the formula  arccos((v · w) / (|v| · |w|))   The problem I'm having is that arccos only returns values between 0° and 180°.  This makes it impossible to determine whether I should turn left or right to face the other ship.  Is there a better way to do this? Redirect STDERR and STDOUT to different variables without temporary files func() {     echo 'hello'     echo 'This is an error' &gt;&amp;2 }  a=$(func) b=???   I'd like to redirect the stderr to b variable without creating a temporary file.   echo $b  # output should be: "This is an error"   The solution that works but with a temporary file:  touch temp.txt exec 3&lt; temp.txt a=$(func 2&gt; temp.txt); cat &lt;&amp;3 rm temp.txt   So the question is, how do I redirect the stderr of the  function func to the variable b without the need of a temporary file? The first and (the) second chapter(s) are difficult - which is correct? Aligning Vertices Diagonally I'm an Indian student currently in Singapore as a Research Associate with a TEP valid for five months and have just been selected for an internship in Switzerland this summer.  Is it possible for me to obtain a Schengen visa from the Swiss Embassy in Singapore? Why there isn't reputation points for successful flagging? By helping the site by flagging successfully (and therefore gaining higher flag weight), you typically inform that you are able to understand the system and be helpful.  Similarly, when you are helpful by editing posts (not necessarily even understanding anything, just making it better), you gain 2 points for each edit. Good flagging may require even more understanding; while editing just fixing spelling and/or formatting gives reputation points. You don't have to understand whether question (or answer) is on-topic, or even meaningful.  So, why there isn't for example 2 points for each flag that was acted on, in the same way flag weight increase is determined? How to use grep on column? I want to apply grep on particular column in column command.  myfile.txt  3,ST,ST01,3,3,856 3,ST,ST02,4,9,0234 6,N1,N101,2,3,ST 6,N1,N102,1,60,Comcast 6,N1,N103,1,2,92   My Command:  column -s, -t &lt; myfile.txt | grep -w "ST"   Here I want to only grep the pattern ST in 2nd column. How to do this ?  Expected Result:  3       ST            ST01              3            3            856 3       ST            ST02              4            9            0234 I want to initialize a struct element, split in declaration and initialization. This is what I have:  typedef struct MY_TYPE {   bool flag;   short int value;   double stuff; } MY_TYPE;  void function(void) {   MY_TYPE a;   ...   a = { true, 15, 0.123 } }   Is this the way to declare and initialize a local variable of MY_TYPE in accordance with C programming language standards (C89, C90, C99, C11, etc.)? Or is there anything better or at least working?  Update I ended up having a static initialization element where I set every subelement according to my needs. I was playing terraria today, and my friend came and deleted the my world.  Is there a way for me to recover my world? Ireland Transit Visa when flying from IND - Abu Dhabi - Dublin - US I get this error message   NMI watchdog: BUG: soft lockup - CPU#2 stuck for 23s! [plymouthd:305]    on the startup of my system (even with live-cd).  My PC is a dell inspiron 7559 with intel graphic and nvidia.  UPDATE - this issue also happens when attempting to install ubuntu 18.10 using LiveUSB I've working LDAP authentication with the following setup   AuthName            "whatever"  AuthType            Basic  AuthBasicProvider   ldap  AuthLDAPUrl         "ldap://server/OU=SBSUsers,OU=Users,OU=MyBusiness,DC=company,DC=local?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=*)"  Require ldap-group  CN=MySpecificGroup,OU=Security Groups,OU=MyBusiness,DC=company,DC=local   This works, however I've to put all users I want to authenticate into MySpecificGroup. But on LDAP server I've configured that MySpecificGroup also contains the group MyOtherGroup with another list of users.  But those users in MyOtherGroup are not authenticated, I've to manually add them all to MySpecificGroup and basically can't use the nested grouping. I'm using Windows SBS 2003.  Is there a way to configure Apache LDAP to do this? Or is there a problem with possible infinite recursion and thus not allowed? How can I do this fast?  Sure I can do this:  static bool ByteArrayCompare(byte[] a1, byte[] a2) {     if (a1.Length != a2.Length)         return false;      for (int i=0; i&lt;a1.Length; i++)         if (a1[i]!=a2[i])             return false;      return true; }   But I'm looking for either a  function or some highly optimized proven way to do this.  java.util.Arrays.equals((sbyte[])(Array)a1, (sbyte[])(Array)a2);   works nicely, but it doesn't look like that would work for x64.  Note my super-fast answer . Profitable strategy in coin tossing? There is a coin with a probability $p$ of heads, and $1-p$ of tails. Tosses are independent of each other. When you bet an amount of money $x$, you receive $2x$ if it lands heads, and you lose what you bet if it lands tails.  We are going to use the following strategy:  You start betting an initial amount $x_0$. Every time you lose, you bet twice what you bet in the previous throw. You keep doing this, until you win, at which point you retire, or start again, betting $x_0$.  The interesting case of course is when $p &lt; 0.5$.  The question is: How profitable is this strategy? Intuitively I feel that eventually I can always win an arbitrarily large amount of money. But that can't be entirely right ("the house always wins!"). So what am I missing here? What's the expected win in each run?  Also, does this sort of strategy have a name in the literature?  P.S.: Found this later, How to change default user in WSL Ubuntu bash on Windows 10 I installed the WSL Bash on Windows 10 and set my user to e.g. 'abc' but now I want to change it to something else.  How can I change the user name of the user I'm logged in as?  When I open bash it automatically logs me in with my current user. I am trying to read a custom (non-standard) CSS property, set in a stylesheet (not the inline style attribute) and get its value. Take this CSS for example:  #someElement {   foo: 'bar'; }   I have managed to get its value with the currentStyle property in IE7:  var element = document.getElementById('someElement'); var val = element.currentStyle.foo;   But currentStyle is MS-specific. So I tried getComputedStyle() in Firefox 3 and Safari 3:  var val = getComputedStyle(element,null).foo;   ...and it returns undefined. Does anyone know a cross-browser way of retreiving a custom CSS property value?  (As you might have noticed, this isn't valid CSS. But it should work as long as the value follows the correct syntax. A better property name would be "-myNameSpace-foo" or something.) Coordinating conjunction immediately followed by parenthetical — Is a comma needed or not? states:     If a dependent clause, or an introductory phrase requiring to be set off by a comma, precedes the second independent clause, no comma is needed after the conjunction.   Strunk's example illustrates the point:     The situation is perilous, but if we are prepared to act promptly, there is still one chance of escape.   However, I would be tempted to put a comma after the "but," like this:     The situation is perilous, but, if we are prepared to act promptly, there is still one chance of escape.   So, I know you're thinking, "Well, Strunk's Rules of Usage says that you're wrong. No comma."   But is Rules of Usage really the best source? I'd like to see this rule in a more contemporary and authoritative source, like the Chicago Manual of Style.  There are many instances —  — where the comma is included before a parenthetical comment that comes after a coordinating conjunction.  Any authoritative source on the issue? Skipping acquire of configured file 'contrib/binary-i386/Packages' as repository ... doesn't support architecture 'i386' I installed Ubuntu 18.04 and then while installing Virtualbox i get the 'i386' error message after I did:  $ sudo apt-get update Get:1 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB] Hit:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease                                                                 Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/danielrichter2007/grub-customizer/ubuntu bionic InRelease                                          Hit:4 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease Hit:5 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease Get:6 http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic InRelease [4429 B] Get:7 http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic/contrib amd64 Packages [1426 B] Fetched 248 kB in 1s (209 kB/s)      Reading package lists... Done N: Skipping acquire of configured file 'contrib/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'   I found several answers on Askubuntu for the 'i386' message but I don't know how to apply this to my situation