I created a table with a SERIAL column but I also manually inserted some rows. I need to update the SERIAL so it goes to the next one.
I ran into the problem that my primary key sequence is not in sync with my table rows.   That is, when I insert a new row I get a duplicate key error because the sequence implied in the serial datatype returns a number that already exists.  It seems to be caused by import/restores not maintaining the sequence properly.
Can you grammatically end a sentence with "with"? Do you want to come with? Can I come with?  I seem to hear this construction more often in recent years, but it still grates on my ear. I know it's often said that one shouldn't , but I class that rule along with  (i.e. — pedantic tosh). Is it always informal/casual speech to end a sentence with &quot;with&quot;? Was it ever thus? If I design a PC for use as an NPC, how much XP should he give when killed? As part of an early quest, my PCs are likely to face off against a wizard.  The problem here is that the stat block for Mage NPCs listed in the Basic Rules has a Challenge Rating of 6, while the PCs are going to be five Level 1s. So, instead of messing with the stat block and risk weakening it too much/too little, I'm choosing to create a Level 1 Wizard PC and use it as an NPC for this quest.  The problem with that is that, as far as I can tell, there aren't any designated rules for assigning either Challenge Ratings or XP values to a PC. So, should I just give the wizard a Challenge Rating equal to his level (and thus have him give 200 xp when killed), or is there a better way to do this?  (This is different from , because he's asking for a way to assign a level to an NPC, while I'm asking for a way to assign an XP value/Challenge Rating to a PC (for use as an NPC). Similar questions, but different.) Suppose the default shell for my account is zsh but I opened the terminal and fired up bash and executed a script named prac002.sh, which shell interpreter would be used to execute the script, zsh or bash? Consider the following example:  papagolf@Sierra ~/My Files/My Programs/Learning/Shell % sudo cat /etc/passwd | grep papagolf [sudo] password for papagolf:  papagolf:x:1000:1001:Rex,,,:/home/papagolf:/usr/bin/zsh # papagolf's default shell is zsh  papagolf@Sierra ~/My Files/My Programs/Learning/Shell % bash # I fired up bash. (See that '%' prompt in zsh changes to '$' prompt, indicating bash.)  papagolf@Sierra:~/My Files/My Programs/Learning/Shell$ ./prac002.sh  Enter username : Rex Rex # Which interpreter did it just use?   **EDIT : ** Here's the content of the script  papagolf@Sierra ~/My Files/My Programs/Learning/Shell % cat ./prac002.sh  read -p "Enter username : " uname echo $uname Show $S = f^{-1}(f(S))$ for all subsets $S$ iff $f$ is injective Let $f: A \rightarrow B$ be a function. How can we show that for all subsets $S$ of $A$, $S \subseteq f^{-1}(f(S))$? I think this is a pretty simple problem but I'm new to this so I'm confused.  Also, how can we show that $S = f^{-1}(f(S))$ for all subsets $S$ iff $f$ is injective? How to make a circle with grid on the outside ring I made something like this:    I did this with the Ellipse Tool and the Line Tool.  Now the circle is accurate, but the lines inside are very inaccurate. Is there another tool that does the same thing but with a lot more accuracy? When installing an application, the application lists permissions that it needs to perform its  functions.    I am creating this list of the the system defined permissions and a description of what they mean. It is a community wiki so if new permissions are added in the future they can be added to this list. Create a shortcut for URL? How can I create a shortcut for URL in my desktop? I want to use them in Firefox or Chrome.   If a copy and paste didn't work.   What script I have to use? Is there a more efficient way to clamp real numbers than using if statements or ternary operators? I want to do this both for doubles and for a 32-bit fixpoint implementation (16.16). I'm not asking for code that can handle both cases; they will be handled in separate functions.  Obviously, I can do something like:  double clampedA; double a = calculate(); clampedA = a &gt; MY_MAX ? MY_MAX : a; clampedA = a &lt; MY_MIN ? MY_MIN : a;   or  double a = calculate(); double clampedA = a; if(clampedA &gt; MY_MAX)     clampedA = MY_MAX; else if(clampedA &lt; MY_MIN)     clampedA = MY_MIN;   The fixpoint version would use functions/macros for comparisons.  This is done in a performance-critical part of the code, so I'm looking for an as efficient way to do it as possible (which I suspect would involve bit-manipulation)   EDIT: It has to be standard/portable C, platform-specific functionality is not of any interest here. Also, MY_MIN and MY_MAX are the same type as the value I want clamped (doubles in the examples above). Bibliography in Texmaker I'm having some problems with my bibliography in Texmaker. My code is:  \documentclass[11pt, a4paper]{article} \usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{natbib} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}     \usepackage{natbib} \usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{xcolor} \usepackage[left=2cm,right=2cm,top=2cm,bottom=2cm]{geometry} \begin{document}  ....  \cite{Johnson} \bibliographystyle{plain} \bibliography{mybib}  \end{document}   I also created a new file (File > New) that I saved as mybib.bib:  @Article{Johnson, author = {Edgar G. Johnson and Alfred O. Nier}, title = {Angular Aberrations in Sector Shaped Electromagnetic Lenses for Focusing Beams of  Charged Particles}, journal = {Physical Review}, year = {1953}, volume = {91}, number = {1}, }  @phdthesis{Zoran, author = {Zoran Racic}, title = {\'Etude et essais du spectromÃ¨tre Ã  plasma {DYMIO} de la  mission {MARS 96}}, publisher = {UniversitÃ© Pierre et Marie Curie}, year = {1996} }   When I compile my .tex file, I only have a [?] appearing.  Could you tell me what my mistake is? A grim and tragic question perhaps, but I'm curious:  What happens when a person that co-signed on a loan dies? Is the co-signer's estate potentially liable until the loan is paid off, the same as if the co-signer had borrowed the money themselves?  Or, does the responsibility for the loan die with the co-signer?  Does the bank/lender take on that risk? What I want to achieve is very simple: I have a Windows Forms (.NET 3.5) application that uses a path for reading information. This path can be modified by the user, by using the options form I provide.  Now, I want to save the path value to a file for later use. This would be one of the many settings saved to this file. This file would sit directly in the application folder.  I understand three options are available:   ConfigurationSettings file (appname.exe.config) Registry Custom XML file   I read that the .NET configuration file is not foreseen for saving values back to it. As for the registry, I would like to get as far away from it as possible.  Does this mean that I should use a custom XML file to save configuration settings?  If so, I would like to see code example of that (C#).  I have seen other discussions on this subject, but it is still not clear to me. How to unit test an object with database queries I've heard that unit testing is "totally awesome", "really cool" and "all manner of good things" but 70% or more of my files involve database access (some read and some write) and I'm not sure how to write a unit test for these files.  I'm using PHP and Python but I think it's a question that applies to most/all languages that use database access. Screen brightness control not working on Lenovo T530 Blender 2.79b is installed (from .exe) on my computer, currently. And I just downloaded the Blender 2.8 release candidate 2 (.zip).  When I create something in Blender 2.8, after I save it, I cannot open it again because the computer tries to open the blend file in version 2.79b. And manually selecting the 2.8 version from zip file does not work.  How can I open my blender 2.8 files? Do I have to delete Blender 2.79b? Removing phone number from iMessage I'd like to remove my phone number from my iMessage account, but still have my phone enabled to receive messages sent to my email address (also used on iPad, Mac). Is there a way of doing this? Class vs Struct for data only? Is there any advantage over using a class over a struct in cases such as these?  (note: it will only hold variables, there will never be functions)  class Foo {  private:       struct Pos { int x, y, z }; public:        Pos Position;  };   Versus:  struct Foo {    struct Pos { int x, y, z } Pos; };     Similar questions: Why was the DeLorean in Back To The Future not always covered in ice after time travel, and why didn't it fly in 1885? Laravel loading error in Ubuntu 14.04 Local TLD vs. .com and .com/nl vs .nl I basically have 2 questions about local TLD vs .com.  First question: There already exists a website "keyword.nl" with a crappy website, no SEO optimisation. Is it possible for a website "keyword.com" to rank higher than the "keyword.nl" website on "google.nl" when searching for "keyword"? Or will it always display the .nl website higher because it's a local TLD and the URL consists entirely and only from the searched keyword and it's searched on the .nl version of google?  Second question: I know it's good for SEO to have many websites link to your website. But I also read that local TLD's will score higher on that specific google TLD (.fr website will rank higher in google.fr, etc.) With both those facts in mind, is it better to create a "keyword.com/fr/" and "keyword.com/nl/" website or a "keyword.fr" and a "keyword.nl" website? (In other words, .com/langauge for more links to the website, or a "keyword.local-TLD" website for every different language version of the website) Or maybe even a subdomain? ("fr.keyword.com?")  Kinda new to this, so thanks in advance!  --Edit: additional info--  The reason that I phrased the original question like this is because I wanted to keep the question strictly "webmaster-side". However I feel like maybe I should clarify the background of this question more thoroughly, so the question becomes more clear, and thus the answer. But I don't know if this would make the question a more legal one instead of a "webmaster" one, so please correct me if this is the wrong place to post this question.  I'm a student working on websites in my sparetime, I have basic knowledge about SEO, but that was all local, for companies operating only in one country. However this time a friend contacted me who wants to found a company called "X" (e.g). He wants to ship/operate to multiple countries, but he will first found it (and he himself) lives in The Netherlands (.nl). However there already exists a company in The Netherlands called "x" with the website "x.nl". As far as I understood, the fact that both the companies are called "x" doesn't matter, in trademark/company registery terms, since they are both operating in different work sectors.    But the main issue here is, could my friends website "x.com/nl" outrank the "x.nl" on "google.nl" if you only search on the brand name; "x"?  @Closetnoc:  Hi, thanks a lot for your answer, it gave me some clarification however I feel you misunderstood my first question because of my use of "keyword.com" as an example URL. So I don't really know what conclussion I should draw from your first answer. I updated my question with additional info to clarify it more broadly. From your second answer this is what I understand: A .nl URL will not do that great on google.com, however a .com URL can do just as well as a .nl search on google.nl? So considering the info above, it's best to go with a x.com/fr and a x.com/nl URL, right? Please correct me if I misunderstood. However, if so, that still leaves the first question, if a "x.nl" is already taken, could a "x.com/nl" still outrank it at "google.nl"? Proving $\sup B=\inf A$ Let $A$ be a nonempty and bounded below, and define $B= \{b\in \mathbb{R}: b$ is a lower bound for $A\}$. Show sup$B$ = inf$A$.   So far I have: Let $A$ be nonempty and bounded below. This implies $\exists l \in A, \forall a \in A, l\leq a$ and $l =$ inf$A$. Let $B = \{b\in \mathbb{R}: b$ is a lower bound for $A\}$ and let $M=$ sup$B$. This implies $\exists b\in B, \forall b \in B, b\leq M$. By definition of $B$, we know inf$A \in B$. Since $b\leq$ sup$B$, with sup$B$ the largest element in $B$, we have inf$A \leq M =$ sup$B$, so inf$A \leq$ sup$B$.  I realize I have to prove that sup$B \leq$ inf$A$ to get that sup$B$=inf$A$. I am having trouble doing so.   Part B: Use (a) to explain why there is no need to assert that greatest lower bounds exist as part of the Axiom of Completeness.