I want to use the Fisher Scoring Algorithm in Newton-Raphson method.  I(theta_m) in above that calculated at each iteration, has to be positive definite? Is it possible this matrix be indefinite?
I`m using the Newton-Raphson method for obtaining MLE for parameters for maximizing my objective function. At each iteration, I want to check that is the Hessian matrix negative definite or not and I see the Hessian matrix is not negative definite at some iterations. So, I want to use the Fisher scoring algorithm ( of derivation) In this situation, the Fisher information matrix is indefinite!! Is it possible? What are the reasons for this? Are the second-order derivatives wrong? Or are values of expectations incorrect?
How can I find and replace specific words in a text file using command line? What's amazing about these open world games is the freedom I have as a player. If I don't want to follow the main story line for a while, and just explore, I can do that, and the game won't break.  On the other hand I don't particularly like the feeling of having made a significant, bad choice in the game, among the lines of Yeah, that dialog option you selected hours ago? This amazing quest line is now off limits.  If I recall correctly, in Morrowind, I had to progress through a few different guilds' quests in the right order, otherwise it'd have stopped my progress in a few guilds.  As a Skyrim example, it doesn't appear that the very first choice made in Helgen at the very beginning has much significance. If someone told me It's not that significant, you still get to choose sides (or, rather not told me "This is important"), that'd help.  Another example: Based on a question I read here, I should probably make sure that I don't throw away any of the dragon priest masks and need to make sure to collect one during a specific quest. This would be relevant for this topic if I could easily miss it otherwise while doing that question.  This includes accidental problems possibly caused by bugs: It appears .  It doesn't matter too much which of the love triangle guys in Riverwood I support: That's not nearly significant enough.    Are there non-obvious, hidden decision points in the quests and story lines? When playing in a certain area, doing a certain quest, what do I need to make sure to do or not do, to not accidentally prevent me from getting or achieving something significant?  I still want to explore on my own, but want to be aware of which choices are important.  This is somewhat related to . Solutions to the equation $ze^{a-z}=1$ Let $a \in \mathbb{R}, a&gt;1,$ and consider the equation $$ze^{a-z}=1$$ How many solutions does this equation have in the unit disk, and how many of those solutions are real?   My attempt to solve was to use the Argument Principle on the function $f(z)=ze^{a-z}-1$, in hopes of recovering the number of zeroes that way. The integral I attempted to compute for this was $$\int_{|z|=1} \frac{e^{a-z}-ze^{a-z}}{ze^{a-z}-1}dz=\int_{|z|=1}\frac{1-z}{z-e^{z-a}}dz$$  I do not know how to proceed from here, as the $e^{z-a}$ in the denominator seems problematic. Thanks for your help! Aspect (simple, perfect and progressive): What are the differences? Could you please explain to me the differences between the simple, progressive and perfect aspects.  "Simple aspect" means completed action (action starts and finishes) but I don't really understand the fine details.  For example, with these sentences:     It usually rains in the fall.   He smokes 15 cigarettes a day.   I slept for a long time yesterday.     Here's what I understand: if I didn't complete sleeping I should use "I was sleeping". If it doesn't stop raining we can't say "it is finished". Is that correct?  For continuous aspect, duration is an important factor – but how?  For example:     She is wearing a jacket.   Normally "to wear" action is completed but we can use here present continuous aspect.  Another example:     She has been wearing the same jacket for 3 days.   and why can't I use continuous aspect here?     I have cleaned my room.   It means that my room is clean now. Action is finished but why can't I say "I have been cleaning room" like "They have been playing in the mud"? Action is completed but we don't care here about completed, we are caring about duration, why? Order posts by tags count? I am trying to order posts by tag count. I want to order posts with no tags first and posts with highest count last.  I tried and got posts with no tags only.       $tags = get_tags();     $tag_ids = wp_list_pluck( $tags, 'term_id' );      $args1 = array (        'orderby'          =&gt; 'DEC',        'post_type'        =&gt; 'post',        'pagination'       =&gt; true,        'posts_per_page'   =&gt; '1',        'tag__not_in'      =&gt;  $tag_ids,        'meta_key'         =&gt; '_thumbnail_id',     );   How do I order posts based on the tags count? Show in linked/related questions sidebar whether a question has answers or not Currently, in the linked/related sidebar, without opening the question the user can only distinguish whether the question has an accepted answer (green icon) or not (grey icon).  I often eagerly open an interesting-sounding question with a grey icon, only to find myself disappointed because it has no answer yet.  To avoid this, I suggest adding a third type of icon for questions that have at least one answer, but no accepted one. Probably a darker/lighter icon or some kind of frame or glow. I've made a quick example with Paint (if relevant, the screenshot I used is from ). I'm in no way satisfied with the look of it, but at least it demonstrates the general idea.    What do you think about this proposal? Would it be a useful addition to the StackExchange interface? Why does the collada exporter not export texture references? I've been having trouble exporting collada objects from blender, so I stripped everything back and textured a single cube, and exported it.  This is a completely trivial model, one cube, with one material assigned to it, the material has a single 'g.png' texture assigned to it.   The exported collada data looks like this:    &lt;library_materials&gt;     &lt;material id="Material-material" name="Material"&gt;       &lt;instance_effect url="#Material-effect"/&gt;     &lt;/material&gt;   &lt;/library_materials&gt;   Where:    &lt;library_effects&gt;     &lt;effect id="Material-effect"&gt;       &lt;profile_COMMON&gt;         &lt;technique sid="common"&gt;           &lt;phong&gt;             &lt;emission&gt;               &lt;color sid="emission"&gt;0.2879998 0.2879998 0.2879998 1&lt;/color&gt;             &lt;/emission&gt;             &lt;ambient&gt;               &lt;color sid="ambient"&gt;0 0 0 1&lt;/color&gt;             &lt;/ambient&gt;             &lt;diffuse&gt;               &lt;color sid="diffuse"&gt;0.2163267 0.1845119 0.2121569 1&lt;/color&gt;             &lt;/diffuse&gt;             &lt;specular&gt;               &lt;color sid="specular"&gt;0.5 0.5 0.5 1&lt;/color&gt;             &lt;/specular&gt;             &lt;shininess&gt;               &lt;float sid="shininess"&gt;50&lt;/float&gt;             &lt;/shininess&gt;             &lt;index_of_refraction&gt;               &lt;float sid="index_of_refraction"&gt;1&lt;/float&gt;             &lt;/index_of_refraction&gt;           &lt;/phong&gt;         &lt;/technique&gt;         &lt;extra&gt;           &lt;technique profile="GOOGLEEARTH"&gt;             &lt;double_sided&gt;1&lt;/double_sided&gt;           &lt;/technique&gt;         &lt;/extra&gt;       &lt;/profile_COMMON&gt;       &lt;extra&gt;&lt;technique profile="MAX3D"&gt;&lt;double_sided&gt;1&lt;/double_sided&gt;&lt;/technique&gt;&lt;/extra&gt;     &lt;/effect&gt;   &lt;/library_effects&gt;   This seems to be missing the texture data associated with the object.   By comparsion, exporting a wavefront object generates this .mtl file:  # Blender MTL File: 'basic.blend' # Material Count: 1  newmtl Material Ns 96.078431 Ka 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Kd 0.790000 0.790000 0.790000 Ks 0.500000 0.500000 0.500000 Ni 1.000000 d 1.000000 illum 0 map_Kd g.png   &lt;----- ie. Blender is aware of this texture   So... is the collada exporter for blender just broken, or does it require some kind of special config in order to function correctly?  If the latter, how/what is required to make this work?  (NB for what it's worth, the UV coordinates are exported in the .dae, abit they obviously are completely useless without a texture assigned to them; I've also tried adding two different textures to see if the exporter needs that because it naively assumes 'one texture = don't bother, it's one texture for the whole model'. That didn't work either) Action to crop a photo with user input. The batch processing I'm stumped.  All I need to do is open my photo, have the action stop to wait for me to decide where the crop should be (to center the important part of the photo), then close that photo so the batch processing can go get the next photo.  I see the "inset stop" is the key, but it never allows me to crop, it just moves on to the next photo. I am new to pythontex. I could run simple python code. However, I get error with slightly complex things.  The error I get is following:  This is PythonTeX 0.16  ----  Messages for py:default:default  ---- * PythonTeX stderr - error on line 211:     File "&lt;outputdir&gt;\py_default_default.py", line 62       MW= 18e-3 u.kilogram/ u.mole                 ^   SyntaxError: invalid syntax  -------------------------------------------------- PythonTeX:  notes - 1 error(s), 0 warning(s)  C:\texlive\2018\bin\win32\runscript.tlu:803: command failed with exit code 1: python.exe c:\texlive\2018\texmf-dist\scripts\pythontex\pythontex.py notes.tex   Part of the code that has error is :  \begin{pycode} import math from pint import UnitRegistry u = UnitRegistry() alpha = 0.04 sigmaW = 72.86e-3 * u.newton / u.meter mu    = 8.9e-4 * u.pascal * u.second densityW = 1000 * u.kilogram / (u.meter ** 3) densityIPA = 1000 * u.kilogram / (u.meter ** 3) densityEtoh = 1000 * u.kilogram / (u.meter ** 3) H = 1e-6 * u.meter W = 28e-6 * u.meter L= 32e-6 * u.meter MW= 18e-3 u.kilogram/ u.mole MIPA= 60.1e-3 u.kilogram/ u.mole MEtoh= 46.07e-3 u.kilogram/ u.mole R0=8.31446 u.joule / (u.mole * u.kelvin) T0= 298 u.kelvin N= 10 D0=2.4e-5 (u.meter ** 2)/(u.second) C0=17.08e-3 u.kilogram/(u.meter ** 3) tauevW=(densityW * N * R0 * T0 * (W **3))/(6* math.pi * D0 * C0 * sigmaW * MW) \end{pycode}   Does anyone know how to solve this issue? When and why is the [featured] tag removed by the Community user? If I know the GCD of 20 numbers, and know the 20 numbers, is there a formula such that I input the 20 numbers and input their GCD, and it outputs their LCM? I know that $$\frac{\left| a\cdot b\right|}{\gcd(a,b)} = \text{lcm}(a,b).$$ So is it$$\frac{\left| a\cdot b\cdot c\cdot d\cdot e\cdot f\right|}{\gcd(a,b,c,d,e,f)}?$$If not, what is it? What is DOCTYPE? What is DOCTYPE and why do I want to use it? What are the different DOCTYPEs I can use? What is the difference between standards and quirks mode, and what are some quirks I may run into with differently set DOCTYPEs?   Lastly, what is the proper DOCTYPE that I should be using? A coin is tossed $n$ times. What is the probability of getting odd number of heads? A coin is tossed $n$ times. What is the probability of getting odd number of heads?   I started this chapter sometimes ago and faced in front of a tough problem. At first I started considering cases. Case-I : The probability of getting 1 head.Case-II : The probability of getting 3 head and so on. But there are many cases. So how can I solved this . Please help me. Thank you! Turn off text message (SMS) sync to Exchange email account I recently started using a Samsung Galaxy S4 and one of the features in a synchronization between text messages and email accounts.  When a text message comes in it throws a copy into my Exchange email accounts that are one the phone. I want to turn this feature off but cannot find a setting for it anywhere.  Any ideas? How to show that $\int_0^1 \left(\sqrt[3]{1-x^7} - \sqrt[7]{1-x^3}\right)\;dx = 0$ If I multiclass into 2 or more spellcasting classes, how do I determine my known/prepared spells? If I multiclass into 2 or more classes/subclasses that can cast spells, how do I determine what spells I know or can prepare?  For instance, if I am playing a multiclassed character with 1 level in warlock, 2 levels in bard, and 3 levels in paladin, how do I determine which spells I know/have prepared?    Related: Antecedent Precedence? Can I use a Mac Mini as an Airplay audio receiver? I don't have an AppleTV (yet), but I do have a Mac Mini hooked up to some decent speakers.  Is there something I can run on it, so that it acts like an Airplay audio receiver?  (Video support isn't important to me.) How to add number of days to today's date? How to find out where an error occurs?