As the title says, my question is can the null hypothesis ($H_0$) be more true than the alternative hypothesis ($H_1$) or vice versa? For example, if the statistical power is really high (extremely let us say $0.99$) then by the definition of statistical power, the type 2 error is $0.01$, which means that we will reject $H_1$ (false null hypothesis) almost always, i.e., $H_0$ is more likely to be true. But does it mean that $H_0$ is more true than $H_1$? It sounds a bit odd to me, so I ask this question here (sorry if this question is not a proper question in here). If we cannot say &quot;$H_0\;/\;H_1$ is more true than $H_1\;/\;H_0$&quot;, can you explain why we can't say this?
Traditional statistical tests, like the two sample t-test, focus on trying to eliminate the hypothesis that there is no difference between a function of two independent samples. Then, we choose a confidence level and say that if the difference of means is beyond the 95% level, we can reject the null hypothesis. If not, we "can't reject the null hypothesis". This seems to imply that we can't accept it either. Does it mean we're not sure if the null hypothesis is true?   Now, I want to design a test where my hypothesis is that a function of two samples is the same (which is the opposite of traditional statistics tests where the hypothesis is that the two samples are different). So, my null hypothesis becomes that the two samples are different. How should I design such a test? Will it be as simple as saying that if the p-value is lesser than 5% we can accept the hypothesis that there is no significant difference?
How can I edit my network profile independently? My oldest account on the network is Area 51, followed by Mi Yodeya.  I recently filled out the "about me" section on Mi Yodeya (but nowhere else) and did not choose the "update all sites" option because my blurb is pretty specific to that site.  I intended to have that blurb on exactly one site.  I was surprised tonight to discover that that blurb is now on my network profile, where I see no "edit" link.  Am I stuck with either having a site-specific blurb as my network blurb (because it's my first non-Area-51 site) or rewriting it to be more general?  Or is there some way that I can independently edit the network profile?  (Or designate a different site as the default?)   shows that someone else had this problem too, but I'm asking for support, not for a new feature, so I'm asking this separately. I have been working on a Java project for a class for a while now. It is an implementation of a linked list (here called AddressList, containing simple nodes called ListNode). The catch is that everything would have to be done with recursive algorithms. I was able to do everything fine sans one method: public AddressList reverse()      ListNode:    public class ListNode{   public String data;   public ListNode next; }   Right now my reverse function just calls a helper function that takes an argument to allow recursion.  public AddressList reverse(){   return new AddressList(this.reverse(this.head)); }   With my helper function having the signature of private ListNode reverse(ListNode current).  At the moment, I have it working iteratively using a stack, but this is not what the specification requires. I had found an algorithm in C that recursively reversed and converted it to Java code by hand, and it worked, but I had no understanding of it.  Edit: Nevermind, I figured it out in the meantime.  private AddressList reverse(ListNode current, AddressList reversedList){   if(current == null)        return reversedList;   reversedList.addToFront(current.getData());   return this.reverse(current.getNext(), reversedList); }   While I'm here, does anyone see any problems with this route? Does the verb &quot;provide&quot; always have to be used with &quot;with&quot;? For example,  Can you provide me with some good examples? Can you provide me some good examples? Can you provide some good examples?  I suppose it's a transitive verb, isn't it? Moreover, is the following type of usage correct?  You should provide food for your dog before you go on vacation.  If you could give me some good examples regarding &quot;provide&quot; with different types of usage, I'd appreciate that. Right-click on Touchpad not working after update to 18.04 LTS Need a way to do a "loop cut" on a triangle fan Need a way to do a loopcut- ish thingy on the blue line I was practicing with modeling a leaf using a image reference. Everything went fine and I finished modeling my leaf, but I wanted to make it more realistic (I'll add textures later), I saw lots of people using the Subdivision Surface modifier but it doesn't work for me.  My model:   My model when I add the Subdivision Surface modifier Can I disown my heir? Everything was perfect. I have a good and young ruler, who has passed on some good genes to his sons. I also had a lot of spare lands, so I could make my heir a duke and doubly count when he came of age.  My mistake was to marry him off to some scheming wench. I knew it would end like this, but her stats were just too great to resist!  Anyway, a few years down the road, and my trusty spy master lets me know that my beloved son is looking to usurp me. Not cool! I demand that he end the plot, and decide to see how this develops.  Shortly thereafter, he suddenly dies (not by my hand — likely the wife is the culprit). My second eldest son becomes my new heir and favourite, however all the titles are inherited by my clubfooted grand daughter aged two. Curses!  Now, what I really wanted, was to imprison and disown my traitorous son followed by swift justice of the axe. Not sure what my other vassals would think of that idea, but I had a just reason for imprisonment at least.  Option number two, is to start plotting for my dearly beloved grand daughters untimely demise, but I'm not sure how that would work out either.  The situation is this. I'm young (40ish) and well-liked. I have a new heir, but I'd prefer to keep my lands for myself and give him the ones of the previous heir — one duchy and two counties currently held by my grand daughter. The duchy can be revoked free of charge, as I hold a claim to it. She has no siblings. I am da King. I have limited crown authority, but can bump it up to medium if it suits me.    So my questions to you are as follows:   Is it possible to disown a son, considering I have just cause for imprisonment? An execution would of course settle the deal, but my other vassals would probably find me "cruel". Is it possible to plot against a character which is not yet of age? What would happen if she suddenly died with no heir? Would all her titles be returned to the king or duke (i.e. me)?   EPILOGUE I had savegames before and after, so I decided to test a few things.   I could imprison my quisling of a son. I could also seize all his titles and banish him from my lands, but he would remain an heir, even if he wasn't officially a prince. I guess I could have let him rot in jail, as it seems prisoners often die in custody, but it would be a risky bet. After the unfortunate death of my old heir, it seems some strange rules apply regarding the remaining titles. The dukal title I could simply revoke for free (although at a opinion penalty from the duchess). Should she die today, one of the counties would be inherited by her younger sister, and the other would be inherited by me.   I found this to be an interesting development: Turns out my new heirs wife suddenly died. Who did he marry, other than the same scheming hag who presumably killed off his brother, and made an attempt at me? By a suspicious coincidence, I died not very long after. Such is the effects of the deceitful and ambitious traits combined with a really dope intrigue stat. ;) Jordan form, number of blocks. Follow a question I've come across a few interesting questions over the last few months on Stack Overflow. They're not necessarily questions I need an answer to, but the questions are nonetheless very interesting, and now I want to know what the answers are.  I don't want to add this question to my favourites because I have my really handy posts in there.   Ideally I would like to have another kind of shortlist to which I can add these posts. I would get notifications just as if it were my own post, without having these as favourites.  What do you think of that? It would be available only for questions, and you would receive notifications just like the author, for new answers and comments on the question (not comments on the answers).  You could browse the posts you're following, as well as stop following them.   The thing is sometimes I come across a semi interesting question and upvote and maybe even comment, but I never hear about it again, because sometimes it's just not interesting enough to remember.  Like I said in the comments, I don't feel like the favourite list is really for this. I want in-your-face red dot notifications for new answers on brand new interesting questions I find. The favourites is for that post with an answer that you know you'll need again. How to fix error: The markup in the document following the root element must be well-formed In , I used quotes to demark specific terms, but after I posted the question, I wondered if I'm doing it right.  Usually, when quoting something a person says, the quotation mark goes after the comma or period, like so:     "This is my opinion," she said.   However, I sometimes use quotes not to represent something said by anyone, but instead for delineating a set term or phrase to make it clear that those words go together and none of them should be mistaken for a part of the rest of the sentence. Like this:     Should I say "stand up", "standup", or "stand-up"?   This looks weird to me:     Should I say "stand up," "standup," or "stand-up"?   ... but maybe I'm wrong about the rules.  Is it correct to use quotes in this way? And if so, are the quotes positioned correctly relative to the other punctuation marks?  Are there other alternatives for delineating terms without the use of quotes? I have come across the following few questions on past exams papers.. I know how to solve these type when it is of the form $a_nz^n$ but don't have a clue what to do with these. Any help would be greatly appreciated!  (i) $\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^\infty \bigg(\dfrac{1}{2n}\bigg)z^{3n}$.  (ii) $\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^\infty(2^n+i)(z-i)^n$.  (iii) Show that the radius of convergence of $\displaystyle\sum_{n=0}^\infty z^{n!}$ is $1$ and that there are infinitely many $z \in \mathbb{C}$ with $|z|=1$ for which the series diverges. Prove that if $n \in \mathbb{N}$, then $\sum_{d|n}{(d(n))^3}=(\sum_{d|n}{d(n)})^2$ where $d(n)$ is the divisor function. I am working to build a reinforcement agent with DQN. The agent would be able to place buy and sell orders for a day trading purpose. I am facing a little problem with that project. The question is "how to tell the agent to maximize the profit and avoid the transaction where the profit is less than 100$".  I want to maximize the profit inside a trading day and avoid to place the pair (limit buy order, limit sell order) if the profit on that transaction is less than 100$. The idea here is to avoid the little noisy movements. Instead, I prefer long beautiful profitable movements. Be aware that I thought using the "Profit &amp; Loss" as the reward.  "I want the minimal profit per transaction to be 100$" ==> It seems this is not something that is enforceable. I can train the agent to maximize profit per transaction, but how that profit is cannot be ensured.  At the beginning, I wanted to tell the agent, if the profit of a transaction is 50 dollars, I will remove 100 dollars, then It becomes a penalty of 50 dollars for the agent. I thought it was a great way to tell the agent to not place a limit buy order if you are not sure it will give us a minimal profit of 100$. It seems that all I would be doing there is simply shifting the value of the reward. The agent only cares about maximizing the sum of rewards and not taking care of individual transactions.   How to tell the agent to maximize the profit and avoid the transaction where the profit is less than 100$? With that strategy, what guarantee that the agent will never make a buy/sell decision that results in less than 100 dollars profit? Does the sum of reward - # transaction * 100 can be a solution? Determine a user's timezone Is there a standard way for a web server to be able to determine a user's timezone within a web page?   Perhaps from an HTTP header or part of the user-agent string? Algorithm for determining random events I'm struggling with coming up with an elegant solution to generating random events in the game that I'm working on.  Say there are 4 classes of events that can happen, with varying events in those classes that may occur.  So something along the lines of   main_events = {"common event", "not so common event", "somewhat rare event", "rare event"} sub_events[0] = {"common event 1", "common event 2",..} ...   I have a somewhat kludgey solution in place that first just has a random number generated between 0 and 100, and if the number falls within a given range then a main event will be triggered.  Then I'll do another random roll to see which sub event occurs.  Is there a better solution than something along these lines?  Like I mention, it doesn't feel very elegant, and I'd like to make it easily expandable for the addition of future events. Way to play shared game that is in use in steam? My brother just got me a new computer but he is always on so I can't play his steam shared games. Is there a way to play his games while he is playing a game too? How bad for TeX is omitting braces {}, even if the result is the same? Sometimes writing braces and omitting them produces the same result:  \tilde{\psi}  \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i} \pi}   vs  \tilde \psi   \mathrm e^{\mathrm i \pi}   Or (taken from Werner's comment below)   \frac{1}{2} vs \frac12   If that's the case, how bad for the quality of my code is omitting them? Of course, if one compiles a pair of formulas, there is no difference. But, since I ignore how TeX works, my point is: if one writes long codes with these habits,   doesn't TeX go somehow crazy because I'm not writing as it expects?   For instance, does it have any effect on how fast are long documents compiled? Any reason to keep them? How to use GCC 4.7 in place of 4.6? So I'm working on a project and I wanted to use some C11 features for C. To use those features GCC 4.7 is required, so I went to synaptic and looked up 4.7, and I found the packages gcc-4.7-base so I installed it[1].   So now that gcc-4.7-base is installed I expected to be able to use 4.7, but no, when I do gcc --version it still shows 4.6.3 even more, when I try to directly call 4.7(via /usr/bin/gcc-4.7) it doesn't exist, though a gcc-4.6 executable does exist.  How do I "activate" GCC 4.7? I read , you do some crazy stuff with update-alternatives, but it doesn't work for me as the gcc-4.7 executable doesn't actually exist on my machine.   Notes: 1. I also saw gcc-4.6-base, so I figured I'd uninstall it, but synaptic attempted to remove every package I had installed and install a Java runtime, so for obvious reason I decided not to remove it. I have upgraded 14.04 to 16.04 . Now I am trying to open the gedit from terminal by passing the command:    sudo gedit /some/where/file.txt   but it is throwing an error stating that:    (gedit:2090): Gtk-WARNING : Calling Inhibit failed: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown:   The name org.gnome.SessionManager was not provided by any .service files**   However, it is opening the file. When I try to save any modification then it is showing this error after saving the file:    (gedit:2090): WARNING : Set document metadata failed: Setting attribute metadata::gedit-position not supported   I am not getting why this is happening in 16.04 only; it was not on 14.04.