I have a (long) text in two versions, encrypted and plaintext. I think it was encrypted using a substitution cipher method (I'm pretty sure, indeed).  I'm not good in this matter, I know little about it, but I would know if there's a way to know the function/secret used for encrypt that text.  I'm ready to study, anyway :)
We had a quiz in class today where we had to break the ciphertext with the key given, but not the algorithm. Suffice to say that I wasn't able to decrypt it within the allotted time of 12 mins and will probably get a 0% score on the quiz.  So, I was just wondering if there are some kind of standard techniques that are followed when decrypting a simple substitution ciphertext.
Is it possible to explicitly tell Stack Overflow the language of the code block you are including? Possible Duplicates:             Stack Overflow awesomely detects what language a code block is and syntax highlights it accordingly. But sometimes it fails. Is it possible to explicitly tell it what the language is?  php:  if ( force_ssl_admin() &amp;&amp; !is_ssl() ) {     if ( 0 === strpos($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], 'http') ) {         wp_redirect(preg_replace('|^http://|', 'https://', $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']));         exit();     } else {         wp_redirect('https://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);         exit();     } }   ruby:  def destroy   @payment = Payment.find(params[:id])   @payment.destroy    redirect_to :back end   yaml (FAIL)  foo: this is foo! bar: this is bar! id: 5 How to show that $x^4+1$ is irreducible in $\mathbb Z[x]$ but it is reducible modulo every prime $p$?   For example I know that $x^4+1=(x+1)^4\bmod 2$. Also $\bmod 3$ we have that $0,1,2$ are not solutions of $x^4+1=0$ then if it is reducible the factors are of degree $2$. This gives that $x^4+1=(x^2+ax+b)(x^2+cx+d)$ and solving this system of equations $\bmod 3$  gives that $x^4+1=(x^2+x+2) (x^2+2x+2) \pmod 3$. But is there a simpler method to factor $x^4+1$ modulo a prime $p$? Are the XBLA and PC versions of Minecraft compatible? After upgrading to 12.04 from 10.04, can't login to PHPMYADMIN Steward badge can now be awarded multiple times -- backfill details As we announced in our post on  to the Review Queues, the Steward badge can now be earned more than once per queue. The purpose of this post is not to debate the merits of this decision ( already exists), but to explain the nuts and bolts of how it will be backfilled. This is how it will appear on your profile if you have earned it multiple times:  Once we push the visual design changes live across the network, this is how badge attainment will look on /review/close/stats:  For those of you who have already completed enough reviews to earn multiple Steward badges, we will be retroactively awarding them to you, starting today. The backfill script will run about twice an hour, and your achievements trophy will light up as each one is awarded. For those of you who have done thousands and thousands of reviews, things may be a bit noisy, so we thank you in advance for your patience. It may take up to two days for all of your badges to show up. Sharing Test code in Maven Disk full, du tells different. How to further investigate? Bind application to a specific network interface Do indexes work with "IN" clause If I have a query like:  Select EmployeeId  From Employee  Where EmployeeTypeId IN (1,2,3)   and I have an index on the EmployeeTypeId field, does SQL server still use that index? How can I iterate over each file in a directory using a for loop?  And how could I tell if a certain entry is a directory or if it's just a file? How do natural and weapon attacks mix? I have a level 1 Synthesist Summoner.  Since he has the Quadruped base Eidolon, when fused, my Summoner has a bite attack (Primary). In addition, I have spent evolution points on a tentacle (Secondary). Finally, my Synthesist carries around an Axe, with which he can make weapon attacks.  If I were to use the Full-Attack option, what attacks could I make, and at what penalties? Let's assume I want to always use the Axe, where possible.  How does this interact with the eidolon's natural attack limit? (3 at first level) I'm trying to figure out a good workflow for developing scripts and add-ons in Blender. Here's what I'm currently doing as I try my luck with a PyNode add-on:   Open blender Create a text editor panel Open my script (external text file) Edit my script in a nice external editor Reload the script Save the .blend file Run the script   Now that I can see what my code does, this Blender instance has been modified, so I can't (make changes to my script and) run my script again. So I do this:   Close blender Open blender with the .blend from step 6 and repeat steps 4-7, over and over and over..   Is there a better workflow for this sort of thing? Browsing folders with more than 100000 images I installed the WSL Bash on Windows 10 and set my user to e.g. 'abc' but now I want to change it to something else.  How can I change the user name of the user I'm logged in as?  When I open bash it automatically logs me in with my current user. Encountered an error while updating through Synaptic Manager. Subsequent updates gave the error at the bottom of the output. I'm a noob so any help is appreciated.  al@al:~$ sudo apt-get -f upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following NEW packages will be installed:   libjack-jackd2-0:i386 The following packages have been kept back:   linux-headers-generic skype 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/202 kB of archives. After this operation, 493 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 310056 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking libjack-jackd2-0:i386 (from .../libjack-jackd2-0_1.9.8~dfsg.2-1precise1_i386.deb) ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/libjack-jackd2-0_1.9.8~dfsg.2-1precise1_i386.deb (--unpack):  './usr/share/doc/libjack-jackd2-0/buildinfo.gz' is different from the same file on the system dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Errors were encountered while processing:  /var/cache/apt/archives/libjack-jackd2-0_1.9.8~dfsg.2-1precise1_i386.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) I have a folder on my desktop which is named ".." (which itself contains subfolders with an empty name). The folder can't be deleted the usual ways, even not when using the CLI. Does anyone know how I can remove this folder on Windows Vista 64-bit?  Renaming does not work, either (obviously).  This is what "dir /x" echoes:  09.10.2009  15:04    &lt;DIR&gt;                       . 09.10.2009  15:04    &lt;DIR&gt;                       .. 08.03.2007  11:18    &lt;DIR&gt;                       cgi-bin                0 Datei(en),              0 Bytes                3 Verzeichnis(se), 45.866.037.248 Bytes frei I've got a DVD that I've burnt from an MSDN ISO. I'm not entirely sure if its Windows 7 64bit or 32bit.   How can I be sure? Step in the Stein's proof of Plancherel Theorem What are some good books for learning the concepts of Kinematics, Newton laws, 2D Motion of Object etc.? Does SQLDeveloper support executing scripts?