While Cooper was in the black hole at the end of Interstellar, TARS mentioned that the walls (which is a 3D space in 5D) were up put by "them" (some other higher form of being) and Cooper replied that is was actually put up by future 'us'.  So there is 2 possibilities for this case,   'they' is some other higher form of being who mastered 5D apart from humans. 'they' is the future "us" which can be the embryos which Dr.Brand developed on Edmunds's Planet or us itself.   In first case, there are no complications that the future us is some other higher forms other than humans who put the tesseract in the black hole so that the entire human race could exist.  In second case, if the embryos is our future then there is a complication.  Embryos traveled to other galaxy with the help of Cooper, so when Cooper fell into black hole the embryos didn't even reach the other planet. So how did they put the tesseract in the black hole and for sake we can tell that time is moving very slowly in the black hole so the embryos got the time to get developed and put the tesseract in the black hole, so that he could transmit the quantum data inside the black hole which can crack the gravity equation and send him the Nasa co-ordinates. Now here we again have the controversy, if Cooper is sending the location of Nasa now (while in the black hole), how come initially he came to the black hole (this is a time paradox)?  So my simple question is how did our future survive such that it came back to past for saving the existing human civilization?
In  (2014) the human race seemed to be facing pretty poor odds until they discovered a convenient wormhole placed by an unknown entity expressed as "they". Later in the movie, we discover that       "they" are actually the human race in the future, reaching back in  time to save itself.   The end of the movie gets a little wild on the physics end, and I'm happy to take that ending as is - no need for it to make sense - but one very basic detail does bother me:  How could the human race have gone back in time to save itself from circumstances that would have caused us to go extinct without our own help (the convenient wormhole)?
class C {   T a; public:   C(T a): a(a) {;} };   Is it legal? Is it possible to put commands in /etc/motd? Can I put shell commands in the /etc/motd login banner file? I have tried:   $(uptime)   and  `uptime`   Is this possible? trim is not part of the standard c/c++ library? Is it me or are there no standard trim functions in the c or c++ library? is there any single function that acts as a trim? If not can anyone tell me Why trim is not part of the standard library? (i know trim is in boost)  My trim code is  std::string trim(const std::string &amp;str) {     size_t s = str.find_first_not_of(" \n\r\t");     size_t e = str.find_last_not_of (" \n\r\t");      if(( string::npos == s) || ( string::npos == e))         return "";     else         return str.substr(s, e-s+1); }   test: cout &lt;&lt; trim("  \n\r\r\n \r\n text here\nwith return   \n\r\r\n \r\n "); -edit- i mostly wanted to know why it wasnt in the standard library, BobbyShaftoe answer is great. There has been a significant drop (90%) in traffic from Google to one of my well-established sites (6+ years) in the last week. Searches show that the top 3 wide keywords all dropped 4 spots. Searches for other keywords do not show ANY results in the first 10 to 25 pages of results, while previously one 1st or 2nd page at most.  Since there are , the question really is:  What steps are necessary to figure out what caused such a drop?  There have been no major changes during this period or the last month on the site and certainly not in the homepage which has dropped in rank. Over all the years of running this site and plenty of others, I have never experienced this. There are is duplicate content on my site and I have rigorously used canonical links for the last few years to ensure it is not misinterpreted as such. Resize multiple layers around their respective anchor points I have 50 or so layers (imported images as smart objects) that I would like to scale down, while they stay in place. Is there a way of doing this? I know After Effects has, is there a similar Scale property in photoshop? Resolve build errors due to circular dependency amongst classes Why does Beamer's table of contents items link to the second slide in a section? When I include a table of contents in a Beamer slide show, each section entry in the TOC ends up linking to the second slide in that section. I would have expected it to link to the first slide. What am I doing wrong?:  \documentclass{beamer}  \begin{document} \begin{frame}{Test TOC}   \tableofcontents \end{frame}  \section{Section 1}  \begin{frame}   \frametitle{Test 1} \end{frame}  \begin{frame}   \frametitle{Test 2} \end{frame}  \end{document}   Just to clarify: when I click Section 1 in the TOC, it takes me to the slide Test 2.  UPDATE: I am actually not sure if it takes me to slide Test 2. When I click the link, the viewer (Evince and Okular) displays most of Test 2, but with a tiny strip of the slide Test 1 visible at the top of the window. I suspect that the viewer may treat the link as pointing to the very bottom of slide Test 1 and then aligns that with the top of the window. Could this be the explanation? Say I have a Python function that returns multiple values in a tuple:  def func():     return 1, 2   Is there a nice way to ignore one of the results rather than just assigning to a temporary variable? Say if I was only interested in the first value, is there a better way than this:  x, temp = func() I have a CSV file which has postcode data in a field, but it is non-spatial e.g. no Easting and Northing.   I have a shapefile with postcode in a field and some additional data.  I want to join the CSV with the shapefile based on attributes (postcode fields). I know I can do this in ArcMap, but how can I achieve the same thing in QGIS? I would like to read in a number of files and pipe their output to subsequent programs while still maintaining them as individual pipelines of data.  program1 *.txt | program2 | program3 folder   I know what the above syntax can accomplish for single streams of data, but I am looking at keeping the files separate throughout the entire operation. The above would translate to the following:   program1 reads text files and pipes to program2 program2 processes data individually and pipes to program3 program3 writes data to files in folder with the same file names as the original   This kind of operation is currently the domain for build tools like Gulp, but I am trying to see if a shell can fully replace them. Since programs are written to handle only one stdin, it doesn't seem feasible.  The reading and writing of multiple files isn't an issue as I will just handle that within the programs themselves.  I have looked into the following, but they don't seem like the correct solution:   the tee command file descriptors substitutions   One possible way is to create a process for each individual file, and maintain a list of file names somewhere, but I am hoping for something more elegant. How to change Power button shutdown action to run a script under systemd If the universe is expanding, what is it expanding into? When the big bang happened where did it occur?  When the big bang happened how did it occur?  Where did the energy come from? Energy can not be created or destroyed does that mean, energy has existed before the universe was here? Can I visit the UK with an EU permanent residence card? I am non EU national, living in a Schengen country for past 5 years. I hold Indian passport and EU permanent residence card valid for 5 years.   Can i go to UK for few days to visit friends without a visa?  I am aware that UK is not in Schengen, and Schengen visas and residence permits issued by Schengen country is not valid for United Kingdom? But what about the PR card issued by a Schengen country?  I am also aware that EU citizens carrying EU passport have no restrictions to visit UK. Suppose $n$ is a non negative integer $\geq 4$ and $\sigma\in S_n$ a permutation. Conjugacy classes in $S_n$ are completley determined by the cycle structure of $\sigma$. If we let the alternating group $A_n$.act on $S_n$ by conjugation, the orbits coincide with the conjugacy classes in $S_n$ except for those (even) permutations whose cycle structure is composed of even cycles (which corresponds to cycles of uneven length) of distinct order (fixed points are treated as cycles of length $1$.) See   For instance a $3$-cycle in $A_4$ has cycle structure $[3,1]$ which fits the bill, and a $5$-cycle in $A_5$ or $A_6$ works too, since the cycle structure is $[5]$ and $[5,1]$ respectively. On the other hand, a $3$-cycle in $A_5$ will does not satisfy the criteria as it has cycle structure $[3,1,1]$ with two fixed points.  In this case, the conjugacy class of $\sigma$ inside $S_n$ splits in $2$ orbits of the conjugation action of $A_n$, and if $\tau$ is any odd permutation, for instance $(12)$, then we have $$\mathrm{Conj}_{S_n}(\sigma)=\mathcal{O}(\sigma)\coprod\mathcal{O}(\tau\sigma\tau^{-1})$$  My question is How can we differentiate between the two orbits? Does it have geometric meaning?    I can see that this information can be useful when looking at representations of the alternating groups, since there are as many irreducible representations as conjugacy classes. As for some geometric interpretation, I ask because there is one for the three cycles in $A_4$. If $S_4$ is understood as the group of symmetries of a regular tetrahedron, then $A_4$ is the subgroup of direct symmetries, and a $3$-cycle corresponds to a rotation of angle $\frac{2\pi}{3}$ or $\frac{4\pi}{3}$ with axis passing through one of the vertices. Conjugacy classes inside $A_n$ preserve the angle, and that's how we can tell them apart. In this case the computations are so simple we don't really need this picture, but I think it is a nice way to understand the fact $3$-cycles in are not all conjugate inside $A_4$... When applying dropout in artificial neural networks, one needs to compensate for the fact that at training time a portion of the neurons were deactivated. To do so, there exist two common strategies:   scaling the activation at test time inverting the dropout during the training phase   The two strategies are summarized in the  below, taken from .  Which strategy is preferable, and why?    Scaling the activation at test time:    Inverting the dropout during the training phase: How did Sauron remain in control of the Nazgûl? The One Ring gave Sauron control of the Nine, yet when it was taken from him he still possessed the power to control them (or, at least he regained it towards the end of the third age).  Why is this?   mentions that he drew the Nine to him, but not how. I want to set up a diary that compiles in two different orders: One is work by day, the other is work by project according to tags I give to the particular chunks of work I did each day.   For example, I write my diary as usual in work by day form:  2/2/15  -- bought a new screwdriver (tag: car maintainence)   -- scetched my plan for world domination (tag: world domination)  3/4/15  -- started studying physics (tag: world domination)  -- finished tax declaraction (tag: burocracy)   Compiling by project would yield tags as sections:  car maintainence    -- 2/2/15: bought a new screwdriver  world domination  -- 2/2/15: scetched my plan for world domination  -- 3/4/15: started studying physics  burocracy  -- 3/4/15: finished tax declaraction   I know this is pretty close to the literal programming paradigm the whole LaTex documentation follows: A code chunks in a document can be compiled to two different orders: For human understanding and for use by the machine. However, I want two human readable versions --say pdf-files-- as output. Is there some package that helps? Where such a term would reference the location/time of an object, almost like it was of a property of the object. That is to say, if a duck is red, blue, yellow etc, we describe it has having a certain colour. If it's a nanometre, or 10km big, then it's property of size.  Now I know that where/when an object exists an object isn't a property of an object, but it is something unique to that object, so I think it would be useful to have a shorthand for 'geographical location', and 'time of existence'.  There are terms describing both time and location, such an event, or rendezvous (which I think is used to describe the when and where of a meeting between two humans) but I wan't a term that just describes one of each. I know that one can use "they" / "them" / "their" in place of "he" / "him" / "his" or "she" / "her" / "hers" when the subject's / direct object's gender is not known; for instance, just looking at the default user's about me section on Stack Exchange sites:     Apparently, this user prefers to keep an air of mystery about them   My question is what happens when someone wants to reference the subject using a pronoun instead.  Should the verb be conjugated accordingly to the pronoun? E.g.:     Apparently, they prefer to keep an air of mystery about them   Or should the conjugation be retained? E.g.:     Apparently, they prefers to keep an air of mystery about them   The former looks unclear because it wouldn't allow the reader / listener to understand if the writer / speaker is talking about a single person or about a group of people, however the latter sounds very weird, at least just to the non-native speaker which I am. What are the Minecraft Easter eggs? I was looking at  and I didn't realize that Minecraft had some Easter eggs in it. Besides the Christmas chest Easter egg, and the sheep Easter egg, what else is there?