I would like to fit a model to a dependent variable distributed like the one below (see picture).    The distribution is a count of people (with specific characteristics) in various districts. This means that, there are no negative numbers; in the great majority of districts the variable is 0, but there also exists very large numbers (up to 80,000) with very low frequency.  Following Moti Nisenson's advice, I edit some graphs into this post that make the distribution clearer. If I drop all 0, the graph looks the same because there are a lot of 1's, 2's, etc.  If I drop all &lt; 100, it looks like this:    If I drop all &lt; 1000, it looks like this:     If I drop all &lt; 5000 it looks like this:     My goal is to find a regression that does well in predicting the zeros and, more importantly, the extreme values in the right tail of the distribution.  I understand that Ordinary Least Squared is not ideal here. I have looked into Poisson regressions which seem to be a great deal more adequate for my purposes.   Is there any regression model that is even more appropriate? Which else options might be helpful?  Additional edit: These are the summary stats. The Variance is much (much) higher than the mean which according to  is a sign that Poisson is not appropriate.   Additional edit 2: Here is the distribution of the variable in log as requested.
I am struggling to understand zero inflated distributions. What are they? What's the point?  If I have data with many zeroes, then I could fit a logistic regression first calculate the probability of zeroes, and then I could remove all the zeroes, and then fit a regular regression using my choice of distribution (poisson e.g.).  Then somebody told me "hey, use a zero inflated distribution", but looking it up, it does not seem to do anything differently than what I suggested above? It has a regular parameter $\mu$, and then another parameter $p$ to model the probability of zero? It just does both things at the same time no?
Usage of "they" / "them" / "their" when the person's gender is not known In Java, why do people prepend fields with `this`? When referencing class variables, why do people prepend it with this? I'm not talking about the case when this is used to disambiguate from method parameters, but rather when it seems unnecessary.  Example:  public class Person {             private String name;      public String toString() {         return this.name;     } }   In toString, why not just reference name as name?  return name;   What does this.name buy?   a stackoverflow question whose code has this pre-pending. This actually triggered me in my mind from . After some playing around I notice that the relation $a^{\log_b x} = x^{\log_b a}$ is true for any valid value of $a,b$ and $x$. I am very inquisitive to see how this holds ? What's the fastest way to make money online? Everything in the online world is expensive, well the best things are. We all want the luxurious apartment with 10 cars garage and the best weapons but to achieve that, we need money. Which missions or activities give the most cash ? Given $|z|&lt;1$ with $z \in \mathbb{C}$ prove $\lim_{n \to \infty} z^n=0$.  My attempt given $\epsilon &gt;0$ we wish to show that there exists $\delta &gt;0$ such that $n&gt; \delta$ means $|z^n-0| &lt; \epsilon$.  For $n \in \mathbb{N}$. We have $|z^n|=|z|^n$. We wish $|z|^n &lt; \epsilon$. This means,  $$n \ln |z| &lt; \ln \epsilon$$  But because $\ln |z|&lt;\ln 1=0$ dividing both sides by $\ln |z|$ gives:  $n&gt; \frac{\ln \epsilon}{\ln |z|}$  So that's what we choose for $\delta$.   My question is is how can we get away from the assumption that $n \in \mathbb{N}$. Or is this correct even with the assumption? Captchas not displaying in SO for me When I get a captcha on Stack Overflow, I don't see the image or the input box with Firefox. I originally had the "HTTPS Anywhere" extension installed but still have the same issue when it's disabled (This caused issues previously when Google's SSL certs were expired for an old domain IIRC).  The requests to Google seem to be never-ending; browsing to the URLs that are still loading results in some pages of JavaScript, but no errors as you'd hope.  The screenshot was taken after the page had been open for more than 3 minutes, and I'm not sure why the GETs are still running. The request popup visible in Firebug is for "GET challenge?k=...."  When browsing to the same captcha page in IE, there are no issues.  I'm aware this could be an issue with my Firefox configuration, as opposed to the site, but would appreciate it if someone could verify if it's just me, and suggest a fix.  EDIT   While visiting the Recaptcha site, I can see a Captcha with no problems If I right-click the problem URLs in FF and Open in new tab, the pages load fine. From the fact that FB omits IP Addresses for the problem ones, I assume that it's not even opening a connection (nor perhaps performing a DNS lookup) Other sites that use Recaptcha seem to work fine (I picked 3 at random from Google) INT comparison without WHERE statement Reason of existense of the extra space in align environment and removal of it between two align environments This is a follow-up question regarding the extra vertical space in amsmath's align environment. Why when in use align uses so much vertical space in contrast with other environments like for example tabular or itemize?  \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage[top=0.3in, bottom=1.2in, left=0.8in, right=0.8in]{geometry}   \usepackage[fleqn]{amsmath} \usepackage{unicode-math}  \setlength{\mathindent}{0cm} \newcommand{\3}{\vspace{0.3cm}}  \title{} \author{} \date{}  \begin{document}  70  \begin{align*} &amp;e^{jz}=\cos z+j\sin z\\ &amp;\cos z=(1/2)(2\cos z)=\\ &amp;=(1/2)(2\cos z+j\sin z-j\sin z)=\\ &amp;=(1/2)(\cos z+j\sin z+\cos z-j\sin z)=\\ &amp;=(1/2)(e^{jz}+e^{-jz}) \end{align*}  80  \begin{itemize} \item Item 1  \item Item 2  \end{itemize}  90  \begin{tabular}{c|c}  Entry 1&amp; Entry 2  \\  Entry 3&amp; Entry 4 \end{tabular}  \end{document}     Also another image of the huge space between two align environments. Even without the blank lines the space is a lot.    \begin{document}  \begin{multicols*}{2}   \begin{align*} &amp;\text{70}\\ &amp;e^{jz}=\cos z+j\sin z\\ &amp;\cos z=(1/2)(2\cos z)=\\ &amp;=(1/2)(2\cos z+j\sin z-j\sin z)=\\ &amp;=(1/2)(\cos z+j\sin z+\cos z-j\sin z)=\\ &amp;=(1/2)(e^{jz}+e^{-jz}) \end{align*}    \begin{align*} &amp;\text{207}\\ &amp;x(t)=A_{c}\cos \theta(t)\\ &amp;\theta(t)=2\pi f_{c}t+\phi(t)\\ &amp;\phi(t)=K_{p}m(t)\\ &amp;x(t)=A_{c}\cos[2\pi f_{c}t+K_{p}m(t)] \end{align*}   Edit I:  As I mention in a comment I have tried the following code and there is no difference between two align environments, only between text and an align environment. Why doesn't work in the case of the two environments and how can I fix it so to work? Also what is the reason that this space exists?  \setlength{\abovedisplayskip}{0pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayskip}{0pt} \setlength{\abovedisplayshortskip}{0pt} \setlength{\belowdisplayshortskip}{0pt} Java. Splitting a multiple word string into two word strings every space I don't know so much about coordinate systems...  In my office we use to deal with spatial data coming from archaeological sites. Each site has its own x-y-z coordinate system (GCS). Three simple ortogonal cartesian axis. In the last years we have been managing this spatial data through GIS software (ArcGIS), without using specific coordinate system (just leave it as "undefined")  I'd like to know if there exisits any GCS designed to deal with such datasets using simple cartesian orthogonal axis, without grid distortions of the typical GCS. In addition, I'd like to know if this system is suitable for using it in an online mapping application.  By the way, we manage 2D (ArcMap) and 3D (ArcScene) environments and work with "mm" as length base unit.   If such a thing doesn't exists, maybe someone knows how to create it. Correct usage of will and would Consider the following sentence     It will/would rain tomorrow.   I understand "would" usually means something that is really improbable.  So "it would happen" means it might happen but it is very unlikely; while "it will happen" means it is going to happen  But what if I want to say      It will not happen?   Because the meaning of "it will not happen" represents something that is unlikely or, worse still, not going to happen, shouldn't it be more accurate to say "it would not happen"?  However, to contravene the aforesaid suggestion - if I am confident that the thing is not going to happen, should I use "will" to indicate the definite nature of my statement?  To further complicate the issue, what if I want to say     I think you will not be able to do it.    or      I think you would not be able to do it.    Which one is more accurate/correct,  given that "I think" already conveys a sense of "less than definite" and "will/would not be able to" conveys the same sense as "unlikely"? I've tried to set -g mouse on, and it works pretty well, but standard mouse behaviour (select, copy &amp; paste) is disabled. But, it enables if I press "Shift" button, and while I hold it, I can select, copy &amp; paste text from/to terminal. Can I inverse this behaviour? I want to use mouse inside tmux (for example to select panes or resize them) only with shift pressed. I'm trying to find a way with javascript to highlight the text the user selects when they click some odd highlight button (as in &lt;span style="background-color:yellow"&gt;highlighted text&lt;/span&gt;). It only has to work with either WebKit or Firefox, but it seems to be well nigh impossible because it has to work in the following cases:  &lt;p&gt;this is text&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;I eat food&lt;/p&gt;   When the user selects from "is text" through "I eat" in the browser (can't just put a span there).  and this case:  &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;this is text&lt;/span&gt;middle text&lt;span&gt;this is text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;   When the user selects from "is text" to "this is" in the browser (even though you can wrap your highlight spans around each element in the selection, I'd like to see you try to get that middle text highlighted).  This problem doesn't seem to be solved anywhere, frankly I doubt it's possible.  It would be possible if you could get the Range that you get from the selection as a string complete with html which could be parsed and then replaced, but as far as I can tell you can't get the raw html of a Range.. pity. i just finished updating my Macbook pro to macOS Catalina and after the installation finished i got this error message that keeps reappearing. i do not know or have a file named "qnmqkmkrqwfq" (i tried searching for it) and when i press show in finder or ok it disappears for a second and then pops up again for no reason and i am not trying to open any files or apps. i searched and the only solution i found was setting "Allow applications downloaded from: Anywhere" but it did not work. Please Help. How can I copy the contents of a folder to another folder in a different directory using terminal? I am trying to copy the contents of a folder to another folder in a different directory using terminal.  Would somebody be able to provide me an example of the command line syntax required to achieve this? Typesetting UML class diagrams What's the best way to draw UML class diagrams in LaTeX? What diceless tabletop RPG techniques are there? I am interested in using a diceless resolution system for my roleplaying, but am not sure what my options are in that vein. I can think of basically two categories of diceless tabletop role-playing systems - systems which eschew any randomisation, and those which randomise by some method other than dice.  Examples  Non-random tabletop systems  One option is of direct comparison of stats or other game statistics without a randomization factor. The obvious example here is Amber DRPG, but I suspect that there are other narrative driven RPGs out there that I don't know about.   Even in Amber, situation resolution it is rarely by direct comparison between stats. Narrative techniques can be used to manoeuvre two characters into a situation which narrows the gap between their ranking, widens it, or brings other stats into the picture - the classic example of course being Corwin relying on his stamina to stretch out conflicts with his siblings such that it becomes a dominant enough factor that he can escape.  Other randomisation techniques  I have seen card-based randomization system. Over the years, I've played quite a few home brew games based on the original SAGA Dragonlance system, which was similar to the SAGA Marvel superhero system.  The basic mechanics were that you had a hand size according to your experience, and for any skill check you would play a card from your hand and replace your card from the draw pile. If you had a card of the right suit as the skill check (a strength card on a strength check) you would also draw a card from the draw pile and add that to your skill check, so a small trump was often worth more than a medium value card not of the correct suit. When you were wounded, you would discard cards to the value of the damage, but those cards wouldn't be replenished - your hand size would be reduced until you were healed. One nice aspect of the system was that it simulated fatigue beautifully, you might start a scene with a spread of high, medium and low cards, but as your high cards were played they would more often than not get replaced by lower value cards, until you were left with a bunch of useless cards and feeling very vulnerable.    The only other system I've played without dice was Everway which, if I remember correctly, used a combination of these techniques, stats based resolution, card resolution and GM fiat.  What I would be interested in is what other diceless resolution techniques exist, ideally with examples of tabletop diceless resolution methods people have tried and how they found them to play. Referencing equation counter value in custom float caption I have used the float package to create an equation float, eqfloat, so I can add captions to equations. Within the eqfloat I used the equation environment to typeset the math.  I want to keep the right hand arabic numbering within parentheses that is added by the equation environment but I also would like the eqfloat caption below the equation to use the same number as the equation environment.  The following code achieves this by making the eqfloat use the same counter as the equation environment and then manually adjusting the equation numbering within each eqfloat.   Is there a better way to make the eqfloat caption reference the current value of the equation environment counter?  Is it possible to prevent the custom float environment from increasing the counter and only to reference the current value of the equation counter?  \documentclass[a4paper]{article}  \usepackage[margin=25pt, labelfont=bf]{caption} \usepackage{amsmath, amsfonts, pifont, float, color, url} \usepackage[pdftex, plainpages=false, pdfpagelabels, bookmarks=true]{hyperref}  \newfloat{eqfloat}{h}{eqflts} \floatname{eqfloat}{Equation} \makeatletter \let\c@eqfloat\c@equation \makeatother  \begin{document}     ...     \begin{eqfloat}         \begin{equation}             E = mc^2         \end{equation}         \addtocounter{equation}{-1}         \caption{Equation caption here.}         \label{eq:example}     \end{eqfloat}  \end{document} The USB has various purposes for data transfer, movement of input and output signals for hardware like connecting an Android device to another Display screen (USB on the go), charging the device etc.(during a device charge the voltage drawn from the USB is same irrespective of the device or OEM then Why are two USB Cables different ?  A USB of one manufacturer may not be supporting another manufacturer. We get problems if we do connect them like      or How do I diff two text files in Windows Powershell? I have two text files and want to find the differences between them using Windows Powershell. Is there something similar to the Unix diff tool available? Or is there another other way I haven't considered?  I've tried compare-object, but get this cryptic output:  PS C:\&gt; compare-object one.txt two.txt  InputObject                                                 SideIndicator -----------                                                 ------------- two.txt                                                     =&gt; one.txt                                                     &lt;=