It seems from a cursory reading of the page on , the Federation has repeatedly trodden on the treaty's legislation banning cloaking devices. And yet to my knowledge there has been little to no retaliation from the Romulans.  Do the Federation really care about the treaty? Have the Romulans ever retaliated?
Both the Romulans and the Federation have regularly violated the Treaty when it suits them. Starfleet has obviously developed and manufactured cloaking/stealth technology and the Romulans make regular excursions across the Neutral Zone. They obviously aren't declaring all-out war, so what penalties or sanctions have been imposed for violations?  -edit added for clarity-  Has either side ever 'punished' their own people for any violations of the Treaty?
Terminal flashes on empty backspace with Yosemite Since using Yosemite, I've had the annoying problem of my current Terminal window flashing when backspacing on an empty line. I know on previous versions of OS X this flashing was not default, and could be toggled in accessibility settings, but I cannot find the same setting and I'm dying to get this turned off. Any known ways to get rid of it? Choosing equipment options at character creation So if I'm correct, when you chose your starter gear and wealth you can either choose to roll some dice depending on your class and buy everything from that or you can choose the starter gear from your class and add the background items (including some gold). Here are my 2 questions:   If I choose the gear from my class, do I have to take all the equipment from only one of the (a) or (b) choices, or can I freely mix-and-match choices from the two sets? Can you spend the extra gold you get from your background on extra equipment (e.g. some soap and some fishing equipment) or do you have to start with that gold in its pouch?   The reason I ask is that I have recently created a level 1 wood elf druid and I mixed-and-matched the gear from the class, so that I chose a shortbow as a "(b) simple weapon" for the first point and a "(a) Scimitar" at the second point. My DM wasn't so happy about this, as he can't understand why I'm mixing (a) and (b).  He also wasn't so happy with me spending my 10gp from my outlander background. I decided that my druid wouldn't lay so much worth in 10gp compared to a bunch of stuff I got for that (e.g. some soap and some fishing equipment and some other useful things) and he seems to think that I'm supposed to just start with the gold instead. If $\sum_{1}^{\infty}(a_n)^3$ diverges, does $\sum_{1}^{\infty}(a_n)$? mysql_fetch_array does not retrieve all rows I am trying to burn a shapefile to a raster using GDAL's RasterizeLayer. I pre-create an area of interest raster from a different shapefile, given a specific pixel size. This AOI then serves as a base for all following rasterizations (same number of collumns and rows, same projection and geotransform).  The issue occurs, however, when I go to burn the shapes to their own raster, based on the same pixel size and projections. The link below (don't have enough rep to post the image), shows the original shapefile in tan, and the dark pink where RasterizeLayer has burned data. The light pink is nodata values for the dark pink raster data. The grey is the AOI based on which the shapefile burn was completed.  Given the extents of the shapefile polygons, I would expect to see burn values in the bottom two corners, as well as the two pixels underneath the data that does show. Obviously, however, this is not the case.    As follows is the code that I used to generate these. All of the shapes were created using QGIS, and were all created in the same projection.  (It should be noted that the gridding in the picture shown was just to give an idea of the pixel size I was using.)  from osgeo import ogr from osgeo import gdal  aoi_uri = 'AOI_Raster.tif' aoi_raster = gdal.Open(aoi_uri)  def new_raster_from_base(base, outputURI, format, nodata, datatype):      cols = base.RasterXSize     rows = base.RasterYSize     projection = base.GetProjection()     geotransform = base.GetGeoTransform()     bands = base.RasterCount      driver = gdal.GetDriverByName(format)      new_raster = driver.Create(str(outputURI), cols, rows, bands, datatype)     new_raster.SetProjection(projection)     new_raster.SetGeoTransform(geotransform)      for i in range(bands):         new_raster.GetRasterBand(i + 1).SetNoDataValue(nodata)         new_raster.GetRasterBand(i + 1).Fill(nodata)      return new_raster  shape_uri = 'activity_3.shp' shape_datasource = ogr.Open(shape_uri) shape_layer = shape_datasource.GetLayer()  raster_out = 'new_raster.tif'  raster_dataset = new_raster_from_base(aoi_raster, raster_out, 'GTiff',                                 -1, gdal.GDT_Int32) band = raster_dataset.GetRasterBand(1) nodata = band.GetNoDataValue()  band.Fill(nodata)  gdal.RasterizeLayer(raster_dataset, [1], shape_layer, burn_values=[1])   Is this a bug in GDAL, or is RasterizeLayer burning data based on something other than just the presence or lack of a polygon within a specified pixel area?  The files that I was using can be found . When abstract logic circuits get translated to the electrical equivilant, how are conversions from 0 to 1 handled? I've searched around and there's lots of good information out there, but I'm a bit of a n00b when it comes to the precise meanings of words like current, voltage, amplify, resistor, diode etc. So what at first presents itself as a simple explanation quickly turns into a wikipedia tabfest of ever increasing complexity. With that in mind please forgive my probably inaccurate use of these terms in this post.  The basic problem for me is that gates on a logic circuit appear to be creating power from nothing, which is impossible. For example imagine two NOT gates connected in sequence: To my uninitiated mind what seems to be happening is that the first NOT gate cuts the power to the second NOT gate, which responds by magically conjuring new power out of thin air and sending it on it's way. The only explanation I can come up with feels a bit redundant and absurd (That every single gate on the diagram is implied to be directly connected to a power source)  The closest I've come to an answer is something to do with changing the "signal" from "high" to "low" but again, I'm not familiar enough with the language. It still suffers from the same problem, if you've got a low signal how is it that a NOT gate can turn it into a high one without directly drawing on a power source?  To wrap up and present the question in all it's rookie glory: How do logic gates physically convert 0 to 1 without violating the law of conservation of energy? Associativty of smash product on compact spaces Let $Y,Z$ be compact or $X,Z$ locally compact. Then the canonical bijection    $$ (X \wedge Y) \wedge Z \rightarrow X \wedge (Y \wedge Z) $$    is a homeomoprhism.    I can prove the case when $X,Z$ are locally compact using exponential law. But I don't see how one approaches the case when $Y,Z$ compact. Hints? Selection of logical connectives {¬,∨,∧,⇒,⇔} in set theory? yum install error I can't run a yum command on my server without getting this:   CRITICAL:yum.cli:Config Error: Error accessing file for config file:///etc/yum.conf   This is what my yum.conf looks like:  # This is the fedorafaq.org yum.conf for Fedora Core 5. # # Note that you also need the rest of the configuration # as described at http://www.fedorafaq.org/#yumconf  [main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum keepcache=0 debuglevel=2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log exactarch=1 obsoletes=1 gpgcheck=1 plugins=1 metadata_expire=1800  # PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo # in /etc/yum.repos.d   This is what my yum.repos.d looks like:  fedora.repo fedora-updates.repo fedora-updates-testing.repo   The permissions on those files are 0666 and it won't allow me to make them root:root What is the most ruby-ish way of accessing nested hash values at arbitrary depths? What is the optimal path between $2$ fixed points around an invisible obstructing wall? I was viewing some old posts on Stack Overflow (two-year-old posts) and found that due to "fast technology trend changing," some of them are no longer valid. Stack Overflow (and the Stack Exchange sites generally) should have some sort of criteria to tag questions as Obsolete, or a vote-based system to mark them as such.  I am not in favour of closing obsolete questions. SOQL: Comparing two custom relationship fields in a nested query How to extend summations to fractional orders? How to extract pixel value counts from a raster in QGIS? It was suggested to me recently that Annihilator sacrifices (such as 's) are only chosen during resolution, rather than while they're going on the stack.  Do I choose those sacrifices during resolution? What part of the comprehensive rules backs that up?  I can't find any clarity on the internet, in the rules, on the MTG Salvation wiki for Annihilator, or in the ability's rulings. It seems reasonable, but I'd like to know what's behind it. Plus, if I can choose and then later  some stuff, all the better. lstlisting: how to set code color and frame color What options do I have to replace a failed service panel? What are my options to replace an old service panel?   We had a terminal get burned up in our old 1960s GE (TRX2012S if it matters, it's a split-bus/rule-of-six panel).   The tech who looked at it said the part is no longer available, but that if I could find another old service panel just like it, he could swap in the part. Otherwise, it's going to be $2,000+ to replace it with a modern service panel, which also requires getting up to modern code, which involves a lot of other stuff.   EBay and Google isn't showing any direct replacements (or the flush-mount TRX2012F).    What other options would there be to replace the panel internals?  Are the screw mounting holes compatible with modern GE panel internals? Is the main breaker separable and could that be changed alone?    Enclosure dimensions are about 20.5" x 12". Front panel dimensions are about 22.25" x 14".  UPDATE:    I'm looking at information on replacing the breaker box myself. As the homeowner I wouldn't be required to update anything else to get up to code. Does this sound like a good idea? I've done minor electrical DYI work but nothing this involved.  PICTURES:            More pictures: after upgrading to 19.04 the Grub menu have become hidden. It still works and I can boot to both Windows 10 and Ubuntu by blindly finding the entry and pressing enter. I have tried to edit the /etc/default/grub and running sudo update-grub afterward but no change. Here is how it looks now:  # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. # For full documentation of the options in this file, see: #   info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration'  GRUB_DEFAULT=0 GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2&gt; /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=false  # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef"  # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console  # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480  # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true  # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"  # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1"   I can't use either Shift or Esc to make it visible too. After pressing either of these, Grub doesn't work anymore and I need to turn my laptop off and on in order to boot.  Edit: Not sure if it helps or not, but I just realized that if I go to the BIOS when I exit BIOS the grub menu shows up with no problem. The next time I boot, the grub menu is invisible again. Is there a way to export my artwork as PDF so that it has a transparent background? Something like exporting objects only... whenever I try to save my .ai as pdf, it always comes with a full white background. If I try to save as eps, I get a chunky white background (where it has white rectangles behind the artwork only where the artwork exists, so there are transparent chunks).  If I export as png, I get an image like what I'm looking for. Is there any way to do that in a vector format?