If I write the following code:  var foo = [1, 2, 3, 4]; var bar = foo; Object.freeze(bar);   Does this mean foo is also immutable?  If not, how can bar remain constant if foo is updated?
The primitive types (number, string, etc.) are passed by value, but objects are unknown, because they can be both passed-by-value (in case we consider that a variable holding an object is in fact a reference to the object) and passed-by-reference (when we consider that the variable to the object holds the object itself).  Although it doesn't really matter at the end, I want to know what is the correct way to present the arguments passing conventions. Is there an excerpt from JavaScript specification, which defines what should be the semantics regarding this?
Are there any tools, methods, incantations to recover recently deleted files on Ubuntu?  If it makes any difference, I want to recover a  2.x database file. But would be better to have a method/tool that works on any kind of file. If everything in the universe doubled in size overnight, would it be noticeable? How to run GUI applications remotely on a headless server? I'm new to Ubuntu - sorry for novice questions. What I have - is Ubuntu server, to which I have access only via ftp and putty. What I would like to do - is to run firefox (or any other browser) from that Ubuntu machine.  I've managed to install firefox , but when I'm trying to run something like this:  x-www-browser http://google.com   It is saying:  Error: no display specified   I don't understand - there is no display at all at Ubuntu sever - it is just computer case on rack, the only display I have - is mine.  Don't know, how to redirect this display output to my machine (if this is possible at all). What Wording Did Witches and Wizards in Other Cultures Use for Spells? The spells that we know about in the Harry Potter world all seem to be either in Latin, derived from Latin, or resembling Latin.  This makes sense for the European World, but there were likely witches and wizards in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.  These cultures would have developed independently, and the magical people in them would likely have still found ways to cast their spells.  Do cultures with languages that did not derive from Latin use the same words and phrases that are related to Latin for their spells?  Or did they have other phrases based on the languages in their cultures? I have been around on Twitter for awhile and I regularly find people using "Please to retweet this" or "Please to help me", etc. Is this proper English? I do not think prefixing the infinitive form with a 'to' is necessary here at all. Need Google Geocoding to return City name in English Display command in xterm titlebar My Bash Prompt is currently setting the xterm titlebar using the following sequence:  PS1='\033]0;\u@\h&gt;\w\007'   Is there an easy way to display the current command in the titlebar. For example, if I am tailing a file using tail -f foo.log, I want my titlebar to say tail -f foo.log. Prison problem: locking or unlocking every $n$th door for $ n=1,2,3,...$ How to AutoSize the height of a Label but not the width How do I change my default account with Google multiple sign-in? After I enable multiple sign-in, and login to multiple accounts, I see that one of them says "(Default)". How do I change which of the accounts is the default one? Renaming a bunch of files with date modified timestamp at the end of the filename? In the begining of "" episode (Star Trek Next Generation 6x16) an Yridian tells Worf, that he has a certain information,      that Worf's father is still alive (apparently not killed in ) and is held in a prison camp on Carraya IV.   Yridian is an information broker and agrees to reveal details (i.e. location) only for a price.      Worf agrees.   How or with what Worf would pay for this? There is no economic factor inside the Federation (no money is being used) and I don't recall anything, Worf would have on board Enterprise, that would have enough value for an information this kind. How to list of all the tables defined for the database when using active record? How do I get a list of all the tables defined for the database when using active record? Motivation for Ramanujan's mysterious $\pi$ formula The following formula for $\pi$ was discovered by Ramanujan: $$\frac1{\pi} = \frac{2\sqrt{2}}{9801} \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{(4k)!(1103+26390k)}{(k!)^4 396^{4k}}\!$$   Does anyone know how it works, or what the motivation for it is? Conjugation: Do we cite authors or papers? When referencing to another work in a scientific paper, do we cite the paper or its author(s)?  This question is intended to clarify the conjugation of the verb that follows the reference -- especially in these cases:   One author, two papers:     Jane Doe (2015a, 2015b) list-s the very specific conditions under which...   -> lists (singular: referencing to Jane Doe) or list (plural: referencing to both papers) Several authors, one paper:     John Doe, et al. (2015) claim-s this and that.   -> claim (plural: referencing to the multiple authors of the paper) or claims (singular: referencing to the single paper). Recursive matching with regular expressions in Javascript How to make a persistent live Ubuntu USB with more than 4GB I want to make a persistent live Ubuntu USB drive with more than 4GB of storage.   I know there is an option of installing directly on the drive but I don't want to do this as it will restrict the drive from working on different computers.   One option is to make an additional partition with extra space but if I do this how can I get newly installed software to be stored on this partition? I'm building a child theme and it currently has a very simple &lt;head&gt; section in header.php:  &lt;head&gt;   &lt;meta charset="&lt;?php bloginfo( 'charset' ); ?&gt;"&gt;   &lt;meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"&gt;   &lt;title&gt;&lt;?php wp_title( '|', true, 'right' ); ?&gt;&lt;/title&gt;   &lt;link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"&gt;   &lt;link rel="pingback" href="&lt;?php bloginfo( 'pingback_url' ); ?&gt;"&gt;   &lt;!--[if lt IE 9]&gt;   &lt;script type="text/javascript" src="&lt;?php echo get_template_directory_uri(); ?&gt;/js/html5shiv.min.js"&gt;&lt;/script&gt;   &lt;![endif]--&gt;    &lt;?php wp_head(); ?&gt; &lt;/head&gt;   I'm guessing wp_head() is responsible for the second &lt;title&gt; element (it appears just there in the final HTML), but other things I've read say this is impossible.  Should I be removing the &lt;title&gt; from my header.php, or should I be adding something to my functions to remove the title from wp_head() (eg. remove_action('wp_head', 'title') ?  Or should I be doing something else altogether? How can you describe someone who gives up too easily? A friend of mine said that he was a cynic. I had told him that he was giving up too easily. In this situation, the worst case outcome was rejection, which logically speaking, was equivalent to not trying in the first place.  I want to say, "No, you aren't cynical, you are X," or "No, you aren't a cynic, you are a(n) X."  The closest I can come up with is unmotivated or intimidated.  What word describes a person who gives up too easily? Count and limit the number of files uploaded (HTML file input)