I'm reading the book &quot;Linux Kernel Development&quot;, and there are some important points:  inode doesn't include filename. filenames are stored in directory entry(dentry). but dentry is not stored on disk, it's dynamic generated.   Unlike the previous two objects, the dentry object does not correspond to any sort of on-disk data structure.TheVFS creates it on-the-fly from a string representation of a path name. Because the dentry object is not physically stored on the disk, no flag in struct dentry specifies whether the object is modified (that is, whether it is dirty and needs to be written back to disk).  So the question is: where exactly the file names store? and how &quot;list directory&quot; works?
I know that symlinks have a separated inode from the original file and that they only point for the inode containing the data. My question is, where is the hardlink name stored if there's no field in the inode structure refering to "name". I know that this could be a a relatively easy question, but as all hardlinks have the same inode number i assume that no inode is created when creating a hard link.
Why should I use a private variable in a property accessor? How can I restart a Windows 7 computer without screen or mouse? I've recently had problems with my work computer not recognizing either of its attached screens.  I've also had problems with my home computer "locking" the mouse to one app, and no longer acknowledging clicks on, say, the start menu.  In both cases the computer is still running, and I can close apps and so forth with the keyboard.  Restarting usually addresses the problem.  What's the simplest way to restart a Windows 7 computer by the keyboard alone?  Something consistent across all versions would be super.  In Win XP, I believe it was Ctrl-Alt-Delete; pause; Alt-R for Restart; Enter to select.  But on 7 Ctrl-Alt-Delete no longer brings up the same menu.  I'd use Ctrl-Alt-Esc for the Task Manager, but it no longer has a Restart menu (at least on Win 7 Home). Selecting ARIMA orders based on ACF-PACF vs. auto.arima Beamer Bibliography Icon I want to list my references in a beamer presentation using thebibliography environment, with the nice little    book icon (\beamertemplatebookbibitems) and  article icon (\beamertemplatearticlebibitems)   in front of each source.  Is there an icon for websites too? something like \beamertemplatewebsitebibitems? If not, is there a way to implement this easily ? What is the "wheel" user in OS X? Any data for average number of papers per year at different career stages? Is there a "sentence stretch" that acts horizontally in a similar way as \setstretch acts vertically? “Fire” a weapon before firearms existed? Did the verb “fire a weapon” exist before the actual introduction of firearms on battlefields?  More specifically, does it make sense for a creative work to have archers (or whatever ranged weaponry) be told to “fire!”, when the world they live in has not yet seen firearms?  It seems some kind of an anachronism to me, since before firearms, “fire” would never propel any projectile...  I've seen several movies do it; I can't remember them all, but for instance I verified it in The Lord of the Rings trilogy (left), Kingdom of Heaven (top right), and more recently Frozen (bottom right):    The first two do it several times (with Kingdom of Heaven also using it on ballistae, and The Return of the King even having Aragorn ask Legolas to ), whereas firearms never appear on the battlefields they feature (Kingdom of Heaven is set in the 12th century; as for The Lord of the Rings, apart from one occurrence of a witchcraft-ish bomb, it's archery and medieval siege engines all the way).  Frozen may be debatable, happening probably somewhere in the 18th or 19th century, but since we only see swords, spears and the like, it made me flinch to hear crossbowmen use “fire!”.  I've also noticed other movies avoiding this, using “loose!” instead, such as Troy (left) and Gladiator (right):    This makes me think it would be the right thing to say instead... although I'm still wondering why not use “shoot”, which seems simpler to me. How is hotness score calculated at larger sites? To start with, I am aware that hot questions from larger sites are somehow "penalized" and :     This is designed to ensure that a single site doesn't dominate the list, and that users see a good sampling of questions that are likely to interest them throughout the network...   I would like to understand how is hotness score really calculated at these sites. The reason why I ask is that per my observations, this seems to be quite different than is documented in the . Specifically, I would like to understand the difference in the impact of answer(s) score and aging factor.  Regarding impact of answers score, my observations of hot questions from smaller sites appear to be in agreement with known formula: (MIN(AnswerCount, 10) * QScore) / 5 + AnswerScore. For example, a question with low score (+1, +2) can get into hot list if it has got answer(s) with sufficiently high score.  At larger sites, this doesn't seem to be the case. Say, it looks like Stack Overflow questions just don't enter hot list until they reach certain score (+6,+7), no matter how many answers are there and how high is their score.  Does system simply totally ignore answers until question reaches certain score?  Another thing I noticed is that questions seem to age away from the hot list 2-3 times faster than ones from smaller sites (having comparable question and answers scores). Granted, this is harder to track and I am not yet sure if I figured that correctly. Do larger sites questions age away faster than those from smaller sites?    For those interested, here is a (partial) list of example questions I studied before asking this: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .  Although above examples are only from Stack Overflow, my question isn't (I only used it as an example of a large site in my studies). I would like to understand if hot questions from other larger sites are handled in a similar way. Windows 98 on a modern computer? Full Wi-fi/ethernet signal but no internet I'm really hoping someone here can help me, as I'm getting pretty frustrated with my macbook now. I have a late 2011 model 15" macbook pro running OSX 10.9.5 that refuses to connect to Internet on my home network. I have the same problem whether it's WiFi or through ethernet cable, I have full signal but not getting online. Every other device connects fine; android phones and tablets,xbox one, iPhone and other macbooks, all online and browsing the net. I have had no problems connecting to other networks with my macbook pro before and I just tried at a friend's house to check, with no problems. A little something, that may be a clue to someone: when I open network diagnostic tool, my macbook pro connects for something that seems like a microsecond and it tells me I'm connected to Internet and everything seems fine. My IP is 192.168.0.5 subnet mask 255.255.255.0 and IPv6 is set to automatic. None of the options are checked under the proxies tab. Now I've tried the following, in different order and a number of times, to no avail:   Renewing/turning off&amp;on/inputting manually DHCP.  Restarting/resetting the router and the macbook.  Turning WiFi on/off. Remove &amp; add services (WiFi &amp; ethernet). Checked and copied all network settings from another macbook pro that's connected and online on my network. Ran network diagnostic and assistant tools Duplicated/removed/added location Removed the /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration folder. Removed network password from keychain.      I've tried other things too, but can't remember what else right now.  Response from ifconfig en1:  en1: flags=8863&lt;UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500              ether 28:cf:da:e6:95:0a              inet6 fe80::2acf:daff:fee6:950a%en1 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x5               inet 192.168.0.5 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255              nd6 options=1&lt;PERFORMNUD&gt;              media: autoselect               status: active    I'm praying that someone out there has the magic words or the 2-click solution for me, but I would be grateful for a long thorough guidelines to solve it too! &lt;3        Regards Trond How to open a terminal from within Atom? I'm currently working with Atom, and sometimes I want to open a terminal on the directory my working file is. To do this, I usually have to open the folder in nautilus (right clicking the file in atom) and then I open a terminal on that directory from nautilus (right click).  I wonder if there is a way to open the terminal in the file directory without having to open nautilus first. How prove this inequality $\frac{a}{b+3}+\frac{b}{c+3}+\frac{c}{d+3}+\frac{d}{a+3}\le 1$ Question:  let $a,b,c,d\ge 0$,such $$a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2=4$$ show that $$\dfrac{a}{b+3}+\dfrac{b}{c+3}+\dfrac{c}{d+3}+\dfrac{d}{a+3}\le 1$$  My try: By Cauchy-Schwarz inequality,we have $$\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{a}{b+3}\le\sqrt{(\sum_{cyc}a^2)\left(\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{1}{(b+3)^2}\right)}$$ then we have only prove this $$\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{1}{(a+3)^2}\le \dfrac{1}{4}?$$ This is  not true,in fact, we have $$\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{1}{(a+3)^2}\ge \dfrac{1}{4}?$$ because we have $$\dfrac{1}{(a+3)^2}\ge\dfrac{5-a^2}{64}$$ this is true because $$\Longleftrightarrow \dfrac{(a-1)^2(a^2+8a+19)}{64(a+3)^2}\ge 0$$ so $$\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{1}{(a+3)^2}\ge\sum_{cyc}\dfrac{5-a^2}{64}=\dfrac{1}{4}$$ can see:  This methods is from: can  see:  By the way I have see this three variable inequality  let $a,b,c$ be non-negative numbers such that $$a^2+b^2+c^2=3$$  show that $$\dfrac{a}{b+2}+\dfrac{b}{c+2}+\dfrac{c}{a+2}\le 1$$  proof: By expanding,the inequality becomes $$ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\le abc+2$$ without loss of generality,assume that  $$\min(a,b,c)\le b\max(a,b,c)$$ then \begin{align*} 2-ab^2-bc^2-ca^2+abc&amp;=2-ab^2-b(3-a^2-b^2)-ca^2+abc\\ &amp;=(b^3-3b+2)-a(b^2-ab+ca-bc)\\ &amp;=(b-1)^2(b+2)-a(b-a)(b-c)\ge 0 \end{align*} Equality occurs for $(a,b,c)=(1,1,1)$ and also for $(a,b,c)=(0,1,\sqrt{2})$ or any cyclic permutation.  so my Four-inequality  variable inequality,can use this methods $$\dfrac{a}{b+3}+\dfrac{b}{c+3}+\dfrac{c}{d+3}+\dfrac{d}{a+3}\le 1$$ $$\Longleftrightarrow a^2cd+3a^2c+3a^2d+9a^2+ab^2d+3ab^2+abc^2-abcd+3ac^2+9ac+3b^2d+9b^2+3bc^2+bcd^2+3bd^2+9bd+9c^2+3cd^2+9d^2-81\le 0$$ $$\Longleftrightarrow a^2cd+3a^2c+3a^2d+ab^2d+3ab^2+abc^2+3ac^2+9ac+3b^2d+3bc^2+bcd^2+3bd^2+9bd+3cd^2\le 45$$ $$\Longleftrightarrow a^2(cd+3c+3d)+ab^2d+3ab^2+abc^2+3ac^2+9ac+3b^2d+3bc^2+bcd^2+3bd^2+9bd+3cd^2\le 45$$ $$\Longleftrightarrow (4-b^2-c^2-d^2)(cd+3c+3d)+ab^2d+3ab^2+abc^2+3ac^2+9ac+3b^2d+3bc^2+bcd^2+3bd^2+9bd+3cd^2\le 45$$  Then  I can't  Thank you  very  much I have two files in a directory. One has correct permissions and the other has not. Is there a way I can "copy" the set of permissions from one file to another? How can I Remove .DS_Store files from a Git repository? Real definition of "countable set" Why would Antimatter behave differently via Gravity? Can thebibliography be sorted by citation order? Or is there a solution with an inlined bibliography that can be sorted?  Not having an additional .bib file would be preferable.  My current bilbiography is inluded in the rest of the article inside a thebibliography block.  \begin{document} \section{Example} The citations in\cite{ne} the bibliography should\cite{flowers} be ordered  according which order they appear in the text.   \begin{thebibliography}{9}  \bibitem{fetebok} \emph{Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals}  \bibitem{ne} \emph{Förbränningsmotorer}  \bibitem{flowers} \emph{HCCI Research Towards Development for Stationary Power  Applications}  \end{thebibliography}   Should output:  The citations in[1] the bibliography should[2] be ordered  according which order they appear in the text.   Bilbiography [1] Förbränningsmotorer [2] HCCI Research Towards Development for Stationary Power Applications [3] Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals Are there other schools for witches and wizards in the rest of the world? In the books they only speak of 3 schools, but what about Asian or American people?  And even more, were they affected by the events happening in Europe? Back when the first discussion about deleted questions came up, I  building an official unofficial read-only archive for good deleted SE content.  I had a plan to build something like this:    Each link would point to a 1:1 scraped StackOverflow (or other SE network) deleted question (of course with a big fat disclaimer to the top, historical data, legal stuff, yada yada yada - and of course after asking Stack Exchange for permission, seeing as this would go far beyond what the CC license allows.)   I also registered a domain name that would (IMO) suit nicely, overflown.org.  However, when thinking about it, I realized doing this properly is a lot of work. You would have to:   build a scraper that can use a 10k+er's OpenID to fetch the deleted question (using the API or the data dump is for wusses. If we go through all this trouble, we want a historical document of what the site looked like "back then", right?) edit the page's DOM to remove dynamic elements, remove the "deleted" CSS classes, remove all the voting abilities from the buttons, and add the "this is historical data" disclaimer fetch - this is the biggest part and applies even if you use the API or data dump - all linked image resources (even those from imgur - even images used only in deleted questions could be purged one day), store them, and link them fetch all associated CSS style sheets and store them intelligently - preferably in a way that you don't fetch a copy of each file for each page (as normal page scrapers do), but also in a way that doesn't break if SE update their style sheets   long story short, I won't be in a position to build this any time in the foreseeable future - with old work, new work, and studying, I really have enough on my plate already.  Of course, if somebody else in the community feels like giving this a try, cool! But what I was really thinking is - maybe this is something Stack Exchange should build after all?   I know Jeff's  on these questions is used to be     @system I did think about a sweet place for them, in the bitbucket. – Jeff Atwood♦ Dec 29 '10 at 1:54   but come on. Think about it:     Future deletion discussions and changes in on-topicness policy would become way more relaxed because the popular and loved stuff has a place to go. A site for "overflown" questions could be curated by selected community members, who decide whether a contribution deserves to be archived or not.  A separate domain name (I'm happy to donate overflown.org for the purpose if desired) and the separate site design would create enough distance to the Stack Exchange network: it would be crystal clear that this read-only archive is for historical purposes only, and the existence of a question there does not mean you can ask something similar on one of the live sites. The pages would be 1:1 scrapes of what the site looked like at the time of the scraping, making it a general historical archive as well. These questions traditionally drive a lot of traffic. The possibility of continuing to show ads in the usual places would allow Stack Exchange to take advantage of that traffic without endangering content quality on the SE network. Hosting an archive like this is a job for a business, not us regular joes. A private project hosted by some community member can go down once they forget to pay a bill, or decide they want to password protect their private blog or photo album. The ideal place to host a site like this is at a company with professional admins that intends to stay online for a long time.    How about it?