I have a source point table in SRID:4326, and to make it look geographically accurate, I project my project file to SRID:2877 (State Plane CO) (layer still reports source CRS of SRID:4326).  In order to use the Prolong Line feature in Easy Custom Labeling, the project and layer CRS's must match.  But when I set the point layer CRS to SRID:2877 (overriding SRID:4326) the layer moves way over to the middle of Arizona (should be in Denver).  This happens with any of the State Plane CRS's for Colorado Central in the list.  In addition to drawing in the wrong place, it also greatly affects the 'map unit' size I'm using for the symbols and points in my map.  I've tried various datasets from my database and from the City of Denver, with all the same results.  Is there a setting I'm missing to do this accurately?
I have a series of layers of lines (shapefiles) in My Project. The CRS of some are different and to merge them they all must have same CRS.  When I use Processing/Toolbox/Qgis_algorithims/Reproject_layer the reprojection only works if it is allowed to save to temporary file somewhere (it will not change the CRS when I reproject if I try to save and replace it in My Project directory);   I must remove the original from the layer list and reproject the temp file (without changing the CRS) to get it into my project and name it appropriately.  Is there a better way to reproject a layer in Qgis?
jquery mobile external panel not taking on styling According to specification, to create data that will be signed with server private key for CertificateVerify message, we need to concatenate 64 space characters, the string &quot;TLS 1.3, server CertificateVerify&quot;, null and the hash of all handshake messages to this point. During the handshake process, we choosing the cipher suite and signature scheme... So, if the cipher suite is, for example, TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 and the signature scheme is rsa_pss_rsae_sha256 (different hash algorithms), hash of which algorithm should be used as handshake hash in data to sign, SHA-384 or SHA-256? How to ask great questions As programmers we are daily faced with having to get requirements, test things out, etc.  It's practically half our job to know what questions to ask, and how to ask them to get the most concise, actionable answer possible, especially from reluctant users/managers/customers/etc.  How do you ask questions that get answers? Why do we use the base form of verbs instead of the past form in past tense questions? Draw a vertical line over the entries of a column in an array I'd like to draw vertical/horizontal lines over the entries of a column/row in an array. I find the method to draw horizontal lines at . But when I used the same way to draw the vertical lines. It didn't look well. My codes are:  \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{calc} \newcommand{\tikzmark}[1]{\tikz[overlay,remember picture] \node (#1) {};} \newcommand{\DrawLine}[3][]{% \begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture]     \draw [#1] ($(#2)+(0,0.6ex)$) -- ($(#3)+(0,0.6ex)$); \end{tikzpicture}% }%  \begin{displaymath} \left[ \begin{array}{cccc} \tikzmark{11}{15} &amp; 0 &amp; \tikzmark{13}{0} &amp;0\tikzmark{14} \\ 0 &amp; 50 &amp; 20 &amp; 25 \\ 35 &amp; 5 &amp; 0 &amp; 10\\ \tikzmark{41}{0} &amp; 65 &amp; \tikzmark{43}{50} &amp; 65 \end{array} \right]. \DrawLine[black,thick]{11}{14} \DrawLine[black,thick]{11}{41} \DrawLine[black,thick]{13}{43} \end{displaymath}   The result looks like     But the result I want is     Does anyone know how to fix this? Thank you. Big floor symbols When I write  \lfloor\dfrac{1}{2}\rfloor   the floors come out too short to cover the fraction. How can I lengthen the floor symbols? How to setup synctex with vim, pdflatex and an open-source PDF-viewer under Linux? Proving that $\lim\limits_{x \to 0}\frac{e^x-1}{x} = 1$ I was messing around with the definition of the derivative, trying to work out the formulas for the common functions using limits. I hit a roadblock, however, while trying to find the derivative of $e^x$. The process went something like this:  $$\begin{align} (e^x)' &amp;= \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{e^{x+h}-e^x}{h} \\ &amp;= \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{e^xe^h-e^x}{h} \\ &amp;= \lim_{h \to 0} e^x\frac{e^{h}-1}{h} \\ &amp;= e^x \lim_{h \to 0}\frac{e^h-1}{h} \end{align} $$  I can show that $\lim_{h\to 0} \frac{e^h-1}{h} = 1$ using L'Hôpital's, but it kind of defeats the purpose of working out the derivative, so I want to prove it in some other way. I've been trying, but I can't work anything out. Could someone give a hint? Putnam and Beyond AM-GM help Below is a visual proof (!) that $32.5 = 31.5$. How could that be?    (As noted in a comment and answer, this is known as .) Given that $x^y=y^x$, what could $x$ and $y$ be? It's not too difficult to figure out that $x$ and $y$ can both be 1, and also $x$ can be 2 and $y$ can be 4 (and vice versa). But I can't rule out if there are other solutions. Does it have anything to do with inverse functions? Is there a way to see the solutions by graphing, or algebraically? How can I make my microSD card writable? How to pass multiple operator properties via UI layout? Basically, I want to have a single operator which can do multiple things, based on some attributes values.  class MyPanel(bpy.types.Panel):     # (...)     layout = self.layout     row = layout.row()     row.operator("my.button", text="Button text")  class MY_BUTTON_OT_Button(bpy.types.Operator):     bl_idname = "my.button"     bl_description = "Button description"     bl_label = "Button"     foo = bpy.props.IntProperty()     bar = bpy.props.BoolProperty()      if bar:         # Do something with foo     else:         # Do something else :P   I know how to set one attribute, like so:      row.operator("my.button", text="Button text").foo=5   But what about multiple arguments? I tried several things that didn't worked, like (e.g.):   With setattr(): row.operator("my.button", text="Button text").setattr(foo=5,bar=True)   With a custom method setVal() in the operator class: row.operator("my.button", text="Button text").setVal(foo=5,bar=True)   Maybe I must use a single EnumProperty? I hope to avoid this, so my question is: Is it possible to pass multiple custom arguments to set attributes in an operator class? And if yes, how ?  Thanks for your help. For $f$ in dual space, there exists $x$ with norm 1 and $f(x)=\|f\|$ if space is reflexive (and nontrivial) Let $X\ne\{0\}$ be a reflexive space and let $f\in X^*$, where $X^*$ is the dual of $X$. I want to know: in general, does there exist an $x\in X$ with $\|x\|=1$, and $f(x)=\|f\|$, where $\|f\|$ is defined as $\sup\{|f(x)|:x\in X,\|x\|=1\}$?  I know this is true for $\mathbb{R}^n$ with the norm from the standard inner product, but I'm wondering if it is true in general. How to force GPG to use console-mode pinentry to prompt for passwords? Definitions of "linearity" across branches of mathematics or levels of math education Linearity is a ubiquitous concept in mathematics; however, each branch of mathematics appears to have its own definition of what a linear map (function, functional, functor, transformation, form, operator, or whatsoever) is. These different definitions can lead to confusion, especially when people apply conflicting definitions of linearity to the same mathematical object (just  to figure out what I mean).  One of my favorite examples with potential for conflict is the natural logarithm $\ln : \mathbb{R}_{&gt;0} \to \mathbb{R}$, which the majority of people, as I could learn during hot disputations not only  but also with colleagues in my field, regard as clearly non-linear, even though it fully complies with the definition of a linear map from the vector space $\mathbb{R}_{&gt;0}$ to the vector space $\mathbb{R}$ (cf. Definition 4 below). A similar conflict arises analogously for the exponential function $\exp :\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}_{&gt;0}$.  I do not want to initiate yet another discussion here, about what the right and what the wrong definition of linearity is! Rather, ...  ... I would like to compile a list of existing definitions, to get a better overview of the different uses of the term "linearity" across the different branches of mathematics and levels of education.    Let be begin with the following four, which are certainly far from constituting a complete list. What about bilinear or multilinear forms, linear morphisms and linear functors in category theory, linear metrics, or other concepts of linearity? I am looking forward to see your answers.  At school I was taught that     Definition 1:   A function $f$ is linear if it is of the form $f(x) = ax + b$.   Later I learned that $f(x) = ax + b$ is affine, rather than linear, because     Definition 2:   A function $f$ is linear if it is of the form $f(x) = ax$.   From real analysis and systems theory, I know the following     Definition 3:   A map $f$ is linear if         $f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y)$   $f(a \cdot x) = a \cdot f(x)$.      This definition also applies to the expected value in statistics, as        $\mathrm{E}(X + Y) = \mathrm{E}(X) + \mathrm{E}(Y)$   $\mathrm{E}(a \cdot X) = a \cdot \mathrm{E}(X)$.      In a linear algebra course, I learned for the first time that we must not forget to take into account that the vector-space operations of the domain and the codomain of a map $f$ may be dissimilar. In fact, if $(V, \oplus, \odot)$ and $(W, \boxplus, \boxdot)$ are two $\mathbb{K}$-vector spaces, then     Definition 4:   A map $f : V \to W$ is linear if         $f(x \oplus y) = f(x) \boxplus f(y)$   $f(a \odot x) = a \boxdot f(x)$.         Notice that I deliberately used distinct symbols for the operations in both vector spaces, to emphasize how this definition differs from Definition 3.   Correct me if I am wrong, but this definition should also apply to maps between two modules.    Updates: I have a Java process that opens a file using a FileReader. How can I prevent another (Java) process from opening this file, or at least notify that second process that the file is already opened? Does this automatically make the second process get an exception if the file is open (which solves my problem) or do I have to explicitly open it in the first process with some sort of flag or argument? To clarify: I have a Java app that lists a folder and opens each file in the listing for processing it. It processes each file after the other. The processing of each file consists of reading it and doing some calculations based on the contents and it takes about 2 minutes. I also have another Java app that does the same thing but instead writes on the file. What I want is to be able to run these apps at the same time so the scenario goes like this. ReadApp lists the folder and finds files A, B, C. It opens file A and starts the reading. WriteApp lists the folder and finds files A, B, C. It opens file A, sees that is is open (by an exception or whatever way) and goes to file B. ReadApp finishes file A and continues to B. It sees that it is open and continues to C. It is crucial that WriteApp doesn't write while ReadApp is reading the same file or vice versa. They are different processes. I am trying to understand what mathematics is really built up of. I thought mathematical logic was the foundation of everything. But from reading a book in mathematical logic, they use "="(equals-sign), functions and relations.  Now is the "=" taken as undefined? I have seen it been defined in terms of the identity relation.  But in order to talk about functions and relations you need set theory.  However,  seems to be a part of mathematical logic.  Does this mean that (naive) set theory comes before sentential and predicate logic? Is (naive)set-theory at the absolute bottom, where we can define relations and functions and the eqality relation. And then comes sentential logic, and then predicate logic?  I am a little confused because when I took an introductory course, we had a little logic before set-theory. But now I see in another book on introduction to proofs that set-theory is in a chapter before logic. So what is at the bottom/start of mathematics, logic or set theory?, or is it circular at the bottom?  Can this be how it is at the bottom?  naive set-theory $\rightarrow$ sentential logic $\rightarrow $ predicate logic $\rightarrow$ axiomatic set-theory(ZFC) $\rightarrow$ mathematics  (But the problem with this explanation is that it seems that some naive-set theory proofs use logic...)  (The arrows are of course not "logical" arrows.)  simple explanation of the problem:  a book on logic uses at the start: functions, relations, sets, ordered pairs, "="  a book on set theory uses at the start: logical deductions like this: "$B \subseteq A$", means every element in B is in A, so if $C \subseteq B, B \subseteq A$, a proof can be "since every element in C is in B, and every element in B is in A, every element of C is in A: $C \subseteq A$". But this is first order logic? ($(c \rightarrow b \wedge b \rightarrow a)\rightarrow (c\rightarrow a)$).  Hence, both started from each other? Move rigidbody using WASD keys but rotate it based on camera/mouse movement I am very new to unity and my scripts are based on some scripts found on the web.   I want to make a first person view so the camera is attached to my rigidbodys head. Then i want to move my rigidbody based on keyboard input (wasd) and rotate it using the mouse movement.  Until now, i used the following code for moving my rigidbody:  void Update() {      /* calculate rigidbody movement */     movement = new Vector3( Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal"), 0, Input.GetAxisRaw("Vertical")).normalized;      /* calculate mouse look to rotate the rigidbody*/     mouseDelta = new Vector2(Input.GetAxisRaw("Mouse X"), Input.GetAxisRaw("Mouse Y"));     mouseDelta = Vector2.Scale(mouseDelta, new Vector2(sensitivity * smoothing, sensitivity * smoothing));     smoothV.x = Mathf.Lerp(smoothV.x, mouseDelta.x, 1f / smoothing);     smoothV.y = Mathf.Lerp(smoothV.y, mouseDelta.y, 1f / smoothing);     mouseLook += smoothV;  }  void FixedUpdate() {         /* apply rigidbody movement from Update() */     transform.Translate( movement * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime );             /* apply rigidbody rotation from Update() */     transform.localRotation = Quaternion.AngleAxis(mouseLook.x, transform.up);             /* apply camera rotation from Update() */     Camera.main.transform.localRotation = Quaternion.AngleAxis(-mouseLook.y, Vector3.right);    }   I learned today that i dont have to move a rigidbody's transform but now i am totally confused and it seems i have to restart my whole (first!) project.  So when i use MovePosition and MoveRotation, how do i rotate it based on the camera perspective/mouse movement?  I think the movement Vector is ok so i can simply rewrite the FixedUpdate to something like  rigidbody.MovePosition(movement * speed * Time.deltaTime)   but i am totally stuck on how to apply the camera rotation to my rigidbody to use it like  void FixedUpdate() {      /* move the rigidbody */                rigidbody.MovePosition(movement * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime);     /* rotate the camera */     camera.transform.localRotation = Quaternion.AngleAxis(-mouseLook.y, Vector3.right);      /* but how can i rotate the rigidbody based on the cameras rotation??? */     rigidbody.MoveRotation(?????);  }   I hope its clear what i want, thank you! Asking a question: DO or ARE? When should you ask a question with &quot;do&quot;, and when with &quot;are&quot;?  In other words,  Are you going to Spain next week?   Do you like Chinese food?  What is the rule here?  We don't say  Do you go to Spain next week?   Are you liking Chinese food?  Why is that?