I develop an application with Laravel 5 and use sqlite during development. I want to switch to something faster later on. I'd like to have a string as unique identifier for the users-table. Is this a problem in any way? For example with foreign keys? Or is there no difference to auto-increment integers?
I am not very familiar with databases and the theories behind how they work.  Is it any slower from a performance standpoint (inserting/updating/querying) to use Strings for Primary Keys than integers?
QGIS locked into fullscreen mode on Ubuntu 12.04 No crash in this case, but I made the mistake of toggling to fullscreen mode on my netbook running Ubuntu 12.04. It's now impossible to escape , and it seems to have disabled the popout unity launcher as well. Steps I've already taken:   Alt-Tab to move to a different program, then back - QGIS remains in fullscreen Alt-V, Ctrl-F and F11 get no response I've unistalled QGIS, deleted the /.qgis/ profile data folder, and reinstalled. Still launches fullscreen   To add to the weirdness, it now launches - still in fullscreen - into a different workspace than the active one.  I realize this has the sound of a Unity problem, but it's just this program that has a malfunctioning UI.  Thanks to all the crew; this in no way changes my opinion of QGIS as an essential tool. How does the Comma Operator work How does the comma operator work in C++?  For instance, if I do:  a = b, c;     Does a end up equaling b or c?   (Yes, I know this is easy to test - just documenting on here for someone to find the answer quickly.)  Update:  This question has exposed a nuance when using the comma operator.  Just to document this:  a = b, c;    // a is set to the value of b!  a = (b, c);  // a is set to the value of c!   This question was actually inspired by a typo in code.  What was intended to be  a = b; c = d;   Turned into  a = b,    //  &lt;-  Note comma typo! c = d; says:     A humanoid killed by this spell rises at the start of your next turn as a zombie that is permanently under your command   If a player is hit by finger of death and dropped to 0hp, do they turn into a zombie immediately? If they subsequently fail death saves and die, do they then turn into a zombie? Which are the safety recommendations for soldering? I have an application which is a relatively old. Through some minor changes, it builds nearly perfectly with Visual C++ 2008. One thing that I've noticed is that my "debug console" isn't quite working right. Basically in the past, I've use AllocConsole() to create a console for my debug output to go to. Then I would use freopen to redirect stdout to it. This worked perfectly with both C and C++ style IO.  Now, it seems that it will only work with C style IO. What is the proper way to redirect things like cout to a console allocated with AllocConsole()?  Here's the code which used to work:  if(AllocConsole()) {     freopen("CONOUT$", "wt", stdout);     SetConsoleTitle("Debug Console");     SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_RED); }   EDIT: one thing which occurred to me is that I could make a custom streambuf whose overflow method writes using C style IO and replace std::cout's default stream buffer with it. But that seems like a cop-out. Is there a proper way to do this in 2008? Or is this perhaps something that MS overlooked?  EDIT2: OK, so I've made an implementaiton of the idea I spelled out above. Basically it looks like this:  class outbuf : public std::streambuf { public:     outbuf() {         setp(0, 0);     }      virtual int_type overflow(int_type c = traits_type::eof()) {         return fputc(c, stdout) == EOF ? traits_type::eof() : c;     } };  int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {     // create the console     if(AllocConsole()) {         freopen("CONOUT$", "w", stdout);         SetConsoleTitle("Debug Console");         SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_RED);       }      // set std::cout to use my custom streambuf     outbuf ob;     std::streambuf *sb = std::cout.rdbuf(&amp;ob);      // do some work here      // make sure to restore the original so we don't get a crash on close!     std::cout.rdbuf(sb);     return 0; }   Anyone have a better/cleaner solution than just forcing std::cout to be a glorified fputc? Visually stunning math concepts which are easy to explain Since I'm not that good at (as I like to call it) 'die-hard-mathematics', I've always liked concepts like the  or the , which are easy to understand and explain but are mathematically beautiful at the same time.  Do you know of any other concepts like these? What are these circular splotches on my negatives? How to 'sum' a standard deviation? I have a monthly average for a value and a standard deviation corresponding to that average. I am now computing the annual average as the sum of monthly averages, how can I represent the standard deviation for the summed average ?  For example considering output from a wind farm:  Month        MWh     StdDev January      927     333  February     1234    250 March        1032    301 April        876     204 May          865     165 June         750     263 July         780     280 August       690     98 September    730     76 October      821     240 November     803     178 December     850     250   We can say that in the average year the wind farm produces 10,358 MWh, but what is the standard deviation corresponding to this figure ? Batch fit images into ratio with blurred background I need to resize a lot of images into a 4:3 ratio with the desired effect.  Is there a way to do this using photoshop actions? (the background can be scaled or two copies moved to the sides, either way works)     image credits: How does this wiring work? I have a Trane XV90 and XL 14i. The wiring looks a little strange as in the picture bellow.                    _____________                   |           |   BK W2  W1   R  G  Y  B/C  YLO O     |___||   |__|  ||   |          |   |     ||   |_____>|----------|         |   |     ||_________>|other wire|         |   |     |           ------------         V   V     V     ---------------     |thermostat   |     ---------------  The R and G are jumpered together and the G wire is connected on the board  but is actually not connecting to the thermostat on the other end. So people told me that means the furnace fan is always on! (In my diagram above, I switched the location of Y and B/C to make diagram easier to draw. You can refer to the photo added below to see the details) My questions are the following  is the jumper between O and Y doing anything? I don't think I have heat pump I need to install Honeywell wifi thermostat and I am thinking of doing either one of the following:   remove jumper between R and G, and use G to connect B/C and then to thermostat C and put jumper between G and Y  leave jumper between R and G, and use G to connect B/C and then to thermostat C and put jumper between G and Y  remove jumper between R and G, connect G on control board to thermostat G, and finally have the spare wire to connect B/C and then thermostat C  leave jumper between R and G, does not connect G to thermostat,  and just use a spare wire to connect B/C on board to thermostat C   Can anyone comment on those plans? Thanks a lot! Apostrophes and double quotes don't show up until I type the next letter in Windows XP, when I type an apostrophe ', or  ", no character is displayed.  If I type another character, the apostrophe or dumb quote and the next character appear at the same time.  This happens with double quotes ", apostrophes ' and tilde ~ characters.  What could possibly be causing this?  This occurs in all applications I have tested - wordpad, firefox, ms word etc. How to deal with variable income in the budget We have a budget planned out for various categories, and in order to make ends meet we count on child support for my wife's child from a previous marriage.  However, lately we have not been receiving this amount.  How do we deal with this in the budget?    My wife has just been "borrowing" it from our savings, but I don't think that is reasonable given that I find it highly unlikely we will ever be able to recover it.  On the other hand, she doesn't think it reasonable to cut out of her budget and cutting it out of the budget for the kids (which is where it really should be going!) isn't reasonable either. I'm currently reading Evans' PDE book. In it he claims that for $f \in C^2_c(\mathbb{R}^n)$ $$\frac{f(x + he_i) - f(x)}{h} \to \frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}f(x)$$ and $$\frac{\frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}f(x + he_j) - \frac{\partial}{\partial x_i}f(x)}{h} \to \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_jx_i}f(x)$$ uniformly as $h \to 0$.  My question is why must the convergence be uniform?  Thanks in advance. Comments saying "thank you" remind OP to accept answer Is there a limit to Rule 0? Rule Zero: All other rules can be changed by the GM.   I appreciate that there is a massive amount of work that goes into being a GM and the last thing that any GM wants or deserves is to have his players constantly questioning everything they do. However, a group I am currently playing with has been having a huge problem with a GM who has been using rule 0 to deny virtually every skill check and give all his custom enemies powers that have either no save or unbeatable DCs. Then, whenever he realizes he has made the fight unwinnable he brings in one of his level 60+ GMPCs to instantly win the fight, making us feel even more helpless.  We try to hold our tongues and not be the dreaded Rules Lawyer, but he keeps pulling out stuff so ridiculous that we have to question it… and every time we do we find that he is either misunderstanding or completely disregarding the rules. When this happens he always jumps immediately to rule 0. He probably cited rule 0 around 6 times in our last session (and we only had one combat encounter). I pick a random subset $S$ of $\{1,\ldots,N\}$, and you have to guess what it is. After each guess $G$, I tell you the number of elements in $G \cap S$. How many guesses do you need? Image a phone and browse on computer emulator? I have a galaxy nexus (stock OS). During its use I have used WeChat and WhatsApp, and would like to save my chat and voice histories within these programs.  Does a way exist to image my current phone as it is, so I can load it onto some PC emulator and browse these apps on my PC? This would allow me to save everything as it is, but also start fresh on my phone with a format. I do not want to format my phone then load back on WeChat for instance, yet I still want to be able to browse my old WeChat chats and voice clips (using a PC).  Thanks How to Straighten Curved UVs into Straight Belt Showing the actual 3D model of a curving ramp.  Shows the UVs of that model that blender did automatically. Shows the UV image that I need.   I am going put a road texture on it., but round faces are not helping me at all. All I need is straight belt kind of UV. MySQL Database User: Which Privileges are needed? The short installation instruction for WordPress () state that:     Create a database for WordPress on your web server, as well as a MySQL user who has all privileges for accessing and modifying it.   While setting up a new blog professionally I was wondering how that maps to what the MySQL database user privileges/permissions configuration offers me:   Data: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE Definition: CREATE, ALTER, DROP Extra: INDEX More:  LOCK TABLES REFERENCES CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES CREATE VIEW SHOW VIEW CREATE ROUTINE EXECUTE ALTER ROUTINE    I'm pretty sure for the first three groups, I named them Data, Definition and Extra here. But what about the others below the More entry? Normally I would say, those are not needed, but I would like to get a second opinion. Smooth transition between two materials I need to make the transition smoother between the 2 different colored objects in my scene, somehow like one of the colors fades into the other one, while still keeping the line between them.