I am trying to make my references have parentheses instead of brackets. I have  \usepackage[super]{natbib}   in my preamble but when i did  \usepackage[super,round]{natbib}   that only changes how my citations look in the actual document.  I am looking for      (1) Masaaki Aoki, et.al. Structural insight into ...etc..    instead of     [1] Masaaki Aoki, et. al. ...etc   thanks,  J
Possible Duplicate:          I would like to use round parentheses () instead of square brackets [] for citations in a document that I'm working on.   I figured out how to get them in the text using the round option with natbib.  I can't figure out to have the generated bibliography to show () instead of [] when it lists the references.  What do I need to change to fix the way it formats the bibliography?
Reordering polygon shapefile permanently? On citing "common knowledge" statements I am an undergraduate student with no experience at all.  If you are writing a research paper, that you are planning to submit for publication, how do you state that a particular statement/fact is commonly known to all and it's dicoverer/inventor is not known, and that there exists no research paper that introduced the concept but there do exist various books/websites that discuss the very concepts and a few derivatives of the concept?  I am not able to cite a particular statement/bunch of statements as I am not able to find any research paper related to that at all.  The particular thing in question is:   What should I do? Address is invalid on local machine [on windows 8 only] If I upload my brain into a computer is it still me? I think the answer is yes but I know a lot of people disagree. So, I would like to ask these people when exactly does it stop being me.  Let's say I want to upload my brain into a computer using the following procedure:  I have each of my neurons replaced by electronic neurons. By electronic neurons I mean chips with the necessary hardware and software to perform the exact same function that the neuron being replaced was performing. This means that given the same inputs that the biological neuron was given it would produce the same outputs. Then I connect that electronic neuron to all the neurons that former biological neuron was connected to.   At the end of this process is it still me? If not when did it stop being me? When one neuron was replaced? When 1,000 were replaced? When 1,000,000 were replaced?  (assuming it is still me)  Then, I divide these electronic neurons into groups and for each group I perform the following:   Write software to simulate the group of electrical neurons in my computer such that given the same inputs that go into the group of electronic neurons in my brain, it will produce the same outputs. Replace each group of neurons with another chip that communicates with my computer. Each of the chips will communicate to the corresponding software module in order to determine how to transform its inputs into the necessary outputs. Connect all of the inputs and outputs of the group of electronic neurons to that new chip.   At the end of this process is it still me? If not when did it stop being me? When one group was replaced? When 1,000 were replaced? When 1,000,000 were replaced?  (assuming it is still me) Now, what I have is a bunch of these new chips in my head, connected to each other and for each of these chips I have a small neural network software module in my computer. So, now for each pair of chip/software module I do this:   Transfer all connections going into and out of the chip into the computer version (i.e. connect the software module to the other software modules that represent the other chips that this chip is connected to) Disconnect the chip from the other chips and remove it   At the end of this process is it still me? If not when did it stop being me? When one of the new chips was replaced? When 1,000 were replaced? When 1,000,000 were replaced?  If it is still me then I have successfully moved my brain into a computer without ceasing being myself.  So, again the question is if at the end it is not me anymore when exactly does it stop being me and why does it stop being me?  EDIT: This question assumes that our universe and everything in it (including ourselves) follows the (testable) laws of physics. As it stands it also assumes that neuroscience is mostly right, although the question could also be considered without that requirement if instead of neural simulations we were to implement physics simulation of the brain. Of course this is a lot less practical. However, if your view is that our minds have a supernatural component then the question does not make any sense.  It was also pointed out that this is related to the Ship of Theseus, i.e. is something still the same if all its parts have been changed. With regards to that I think it is useful to consider that most of the cells in our body (not including brain cells) are regularly replaced anyway and some people even get entire organs replaced. Yet, we don't say that they stopped being themselves. Note, however, that if you are assuming a supernatural component of the mind that this explanation is not really adequate or relevant. Can multiple different HTML elements have the same ID if they're different elements? Iphone 4 won't update past a 7.1.2 Antonym of "phobia" If a phobia is to have an irrational fear of something, what is the word for having an irrational affinity for something?  For example a numerologist may fear the number 13, but be attracted to (or even have a love for) the number 8. (Some would say this is irrational.) Is my way of solving and my answer correct?  Let $f(x)=x+\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{x^3}{3}+\frac{x^4}{4}+\frac{x^5}{5}$   And $g(x)=f^{-1}(x)$  Find $g'''(0)$  My attempt:  We know that $g'(x)=\frac{1}{f'(g(x))}$  $f'(x)=1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4=\frac{x^5-1}{x-1}$  $f'(g(x))=\frac{(g(x))^5-1}{(g(x))-1}$  $\Rightarrow g'(x)=\frac{(g(x))-1}{(g(x))^5-1}$  $\Rightarrow g'(x)[(g(x))^5-1]=g(x)-1$  Similarly differentiating again,  $\Rightarrow g'(x)[5(g(x))^4]+[(g(x))^5-1]g''(x)=g'(x)$  Similarly differentiating again,  $\Rightarrow g'(x)[20(g(x))^3g'(x)]+[5(g(x))^4]g''(x)+[(g(x))^5-1]g'''(x)+g''(x)[5(g(x))^4]=g''(x)$  Putting $x=0$,  $g(0)=f^{-1}(0)=0$  $g'(0)=\frac{1}{f'(g(0))}=\frac{1}{f'(0)}=1$  similarly,$g''(0)=-1$  $\Rightarrow g'''(0)=1$ How to start X windows inside "Bash on Ubuntu on Windows" After installing the new feature (still "Beta") called  that is a feature subset of Windows 10 Anniversary edition, I get the following message when trying to start X-Windows using startx :    What do I need to tweak / configure in order for X-Windows to launch?  I noticed that xauth was already installed, however I had to install the rest of the framework as follows :  apt-get install xorg openbox Given $a,b,c$ are the sides of a triangle. Prove that $\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}<2$ How to fix Footnote position at the bottom of the page \footnote[1]{\nameref*{8.1.16} is an अधिकार सूत्र it goes upto \nameref*{8.3.55}} \&amp; अङ्गाधिकार (अङ्गस्य)\footnote[2]{\nameref*{6.4.1} is an अधिकार सूत्र it goes upto \nameref*{7.4.97}}  I am using footnote as shown above. However the footnote appears to be floating and when I don't have much in the page it appears in the middle of the page. I got by so far with \vspace{} but I think there must be a way to position this at the bottom of the page despite whats in the page. Thanks for your help How to create a page like this? I'm a LaTeX newbie. I want to create a page layout like in the picture below on every page.  Can someone help please? Thanks. Problem:  $F = \frac{(G m_1 m_2)}{r^2}$  An object of unknown mass is placed directly between the Earth and the Moon such that the forces of gravity acting on the object are equal from both the Earth and the Moon. The distance from the Moon to the object is exactly one-tenth of the distance from the Moon to Earth. Using the above formula, determine the distance from the Moon to the Earth.  Given is:  The factor $G≈6.67∙10−11\mathbf{N(\frac{m^2}{kg^2})}$ is a universal constant.  Mass of Earth $≈5.972∙10^{24}\mathbf{kg}$   Mass of the Moon as $≈7.348∙10^{22}\mathbf{kg}$  Mass of unknown object = $m$  My solution:  $F = \frac{(6.67 *10^-11) m (7.348*10^{24})}{R^2}$  $F = \frac{(6.67 *10^-11) (5.92* 10^22) m}{10R^2}$  As gravitational force acting on the object is equal   $\frac{(5.92\cdot 10^22)}{100r^2} = \frac{(7.348*10^{24})}{r^2}$  $R = 1.24 \cdot 10^4 KM$  Is this a viable solution to the problem? Please provide feedback. Thank you! Should I use the singular or plural verb in mathematical formulae ("Two and two make/makes four")? Are there any differences between URLs with and without "www" and "http://" Are there any differences among these addresses?     www.example.com http://www.example.com example.com Well, one example is this file of the game The Sims 2 for PS2: quickdat.arc. The file contains this .arc extension, but it's no one an archive file and it contains some data of the game inside. How can I do this? Put so many files in one?  How to do something like this? All the game files inside one without using a file compressor? Why $9$ & $11$ are special in divisibility tests using decimal digit sums? (casting out nines & elevens) Could anyone tell me what is up with so many archives, and how are they differ?  There's at least five that I can think of, .tar.tz, .tar.gz, .tar.bz2, .tar.lz, .tar.z  Which is best for what applications? It just seems silly to make so many variations of the same file but I'm sure there's a reason. Proof explanation $A\setminus B = A \setminus B \cap A$ $A\setminus B = A \setminus B \cap A$  Proof $A\setminus B \subseteq A \setminus B \cap A$:  $x\in A\setminus B \to x\in A \land x \notin B$  $x\in A \land (x \notin B \color{red}{\lor x\notin A})$  $x \in A \land (x\notin B \cap A)$  $x \in A\setminus B\cap A$  Proof $A \setminus B \cap A \subseteq A\setminus B$:  $x \in A \setminus B \cap A \to x\in A \land x\notin B \cap A$  $x \in A \land (x\notin B \color{red}{\lor x\notin A})$  $x \in A \land x \notin B$  $x \in A \setminus B $  Therefore $A\setminus B = A \setminus B \cap A$  I am confused how the stuff in the red is formed. Can we add an or statement to anything and ignore if its true or not if the first part of the or is true? Anvil, extra lines thingies