I'm trying to make a function that can generate a random number and specify how many bits the random number can be. More specifically, I am trying to generate a number that could either be 8, 10, or 12 bits long. This bit amount is specified by another variable. I then want to represent this number as a hex in string or as an signed and unsigned integer in decimal. I think i can just use the various Integer.toString methods for that part. How would I go about generating specific bit-length random numbers in Java? So far, I have this function skeleton in place: public static String generateQuestion(int numBits, int taskType){     String questionStr = &quot;&quot;;     String questionVal = &quot;&quot;; // This is the string hexadecimal version of the randomly generated number     // TODO: Code to generate random value based on numBits           switch(taskType){         case 0: // Hex to Decimal             questionStr = &quot;What are the signed and unsigned values for the &quot; + numBits + &quot;-bit value &quot; + questionVal + &quot;?&quot;;             return questionStr; // Return the constructed string         case 1: // Signed Decimal to Hex         case 2: // Unsigned Decimal to Hex         default:             throw new IllegalStateException(&quot;Unexpected Question Type: &quot; + taskType); // In case the task type is something other than the 3 possible question types     } }
How do I generate a random int value in a specific range? I have tried the following, but those do not work: Attempt 1: randomNum = minimum + (int)(Math.random() * maximum);  Bug: randomNum can be bigger than maximum. Attempt 2: Random rn = new Random(); int n = maximum - minimum + 1; int i = rn.nextInt() % n; randomNum =  minimum + i;  Bug: randomNum can be smaller than minimum.
sudo -k vs. sudo -K I know what the man page has to say about the -K and -k :     ‑K       The ‑K (sure kill) option is like ‑k except that it removes the user's   cached credentials entirely and may not be used in conjunction with a   command or other option. This option does not require a password. Not   all security policies support credential caching.      ‑k[command]       When used alone, the ‑k (kill) option to sudo invalidates the user's   cached credentials. The next time sudo is run a password will be   required. This option does not require a password and was added to   allow a user to revoke sudo permissions from a .logout file. Not all   security policies support credential caching. When used in conjunction   with a command or an option that may require a password, the ‑k option   will cause sudo to ignore the user's cached credentials. As a result,   sudo will prompt for a password (if one is required by the security   policy) and will not update the user's cached credentials.   So if there is no need to use a command in conjunction with these options, am i correct in assuming K is always the better option to use rather that k? number of quadratic residues in finite field Is there a way to determine how many quadratic residues are there in the finite field $F_q$ for $q = p^k$?  It seems if $q=p$ exactly $(p-1)/2$ are residues and the same amount are not. Does analogy holds for $q = p^k$?  Thanks for any input. Reputation in summary tab shows as blank instead of 0, if net result is zero When can we use 'much' in affirmative clauses? Just need help understanding this question, as I don't really understand what a continuous random vector is. My limited understanding is that a continuous random vector must be completely continuous (so for continuous X and Y this is satisfied) and that to get the probability of the random vector occurring, we double integrate over the supports (of X and Y obviously). My guess is then, that the c.r.v (X,Y) IS a continuous random vector.  Also, what of the converse? If (X,Y) is a continuous random vector, then are X and Y continuous random variables? I also think this is correct, as the continuity of the vector MUST imply the continuity of X and Y, although I'm honestly not sure.  Thanks How do I install drivers for an Intel HD Graphics? In System Info in 11.10, the graphics driver wasn't detected. I use ACER Aspire 4750 with Intel Core i3-2340M and Intel HD Graphics 3000 graphic card  How to install the driver for my Ubuntu? I'm positive that vs I strongly believe that In general, which one is conveys a stronger conviction/opinion? I did some quick google search but didn't find any interesting results.      I'm positive that   or     I strongly believe that I've heard that you should use \[ ... \] for displayed equations instead of  $$ ... $$, but why is that?  I'd assumed that it's so that you can more easily tell which are starting and which are ending delimiters, but if I always use a syntax-highlighting text editor, I can see that easily based on the color of the symbols.  Is there any reason for this suggestion? Server socket program not executing after connection establishment Find the infinite sum $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\sqrt k - 2\sqrt {k + 1} + \sqrt {k + 2} $ I am facing a problem, where I have to find the partial sum of a sequence/sum and with that, the infinite sum of the sequence.  $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\sqrt k - 2\sqrt {k + 1} + \sqrt {k + 2} $   The problem here is that I don't know how to proceed. I would be thankful if someone would steer me in the right direction. Formatting the union of sets In the example  $\cup^{i=1}_{\infty}F_i$   How do you get the i=1 directly below the union symbol and the infinity directly above? Why won't Blender run on Windows XP? I downloaded Blender 64 bit and the OS indicated that the program was not compatible with my computer chip. I then downloaded the 32 bit version which seemed to allow me to install. However the blender Icon in windows when pressed informs me that the program is not a window application. I have an Intel(R) Core (TM)2 Duo CPU E7300 @2.66Ghz if that is important and I am running XP. I am fairly sure I am doing something wrong here- can anyone help please? Prove a graph Containing $2k$ odd vertices contains $k$ distinct trails I am taking a course in Mathematical Methods for physicsPhysics (Junior Level).   We are working from   > Mathematical Methods for physicists, George B.Arfken .    I just need online resources covering ( Matrices, Determinants, Vector Analysis, Tensors and differential forms and Vector spaces...etc) to study and understand from. How to send emails and avoid them being classified as spam? This is a  about how to handle email sent from your server being misclassified as spam.  For additional information you may find these similar questions helpful:                    Sometimes I want to send newsletters to my customers. The problem is, that some of the emails get caught as spam messages. Mostly by Outlook at the client (even in my own Outlook 2007).  Now I want to know what should be done to create "good" emails. I know about reverse lookup etc., but (for example), what about a unsubscribe link with an unique ID?  Does that increase a spam rating? Why do positive and negative variants of the same question elicit the same answer? \includegraphics cannot handle filenames that contain more than the one dot, separating the filename from the extension. Apparently it uses everything after the first dot as extension and then, of course, complains about an unknown graphics extension.  This is annoying as I very often have filenames that contain parameter values, e.g. plot_a0.4_b0.6.pdf.  Is there a way to teach LaTeX to interpret only the string behind the last dot as extension? How to handle :java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: android.os.BinderProxy.finalize() timed out after 10 seconds errors? How to mount EXT4 disk on 10.15? Since I have osxfuse installed it would be nice if I could use it. There are a  (heavily) outdated  here, saying that it is not . Is this still the case? Should Emergency Funds be Used for Infrequent, but Likely, Expenses? Say we break down non-monthly costs into the following three categories.   High level of predictability: This would include oil changes that may be needed every 2 to 4 months depending on usage, car insurance (if paid every 6 month), car registration, etc. Medium level of predictability: There are some expense which one can reasonable assume will occur on an infrequent basis.  For example, car repairs, house repairs, or even doctor visits during flu season. Low level of predictability: For example, losing a job, significant medical expense, etc.   Which of these categories are emergency funds meant to cover?  I think it is pretty clear that a high level of predictability costs should not use emergency funds while a low level of predictability should.  But medium level of predictability costs seem different, and it left me wondering what is generally defined as an "emergency".  While you do not know when these costs will occur or how much they will be, you could devise some pretty good rules of thumb on frequency and cost. Say you know your 2007 Volvo should have a repair cost averaging out to $100 per month.  Conceptually you could save $100 each month and when your car breaks, not have to spend any emergency funds on the repair.  Is doing this "double-saving" and not suggested if you already have the 6 month emergency fund saved up?  Note: this is a question on how to save money for expenses.  It is not a question about if you should spend emergency fund money to fix a car when you have no other money set aside.