Much in the same vein as  question, I am trying to convert 5e so players roll all the dice. I'm using  as a starting framework that seems to work well with 5e so far, without changing monster vs. player statistics.   My stumbling block is spell saves. Take a humble goblin and his +2 dex vs. a high level save of 19 (8+6+5). He has a 4/20 chance of passing that save. If I stick to the same-ish formula of 14+2 vs. (caster mod)+proficiency on the players’ side, I end up with the goblin having 4/20 of saving.  I am looking to convert spell save DCs from 8+proficiency+caster mod vs d20+ stat mod+proficiency fairly. I think 14+saving throw does so correctly, and fairly. If not I want someone to tell me why that’s wrong.
In D&amp;D 5, the saving throws for spells has the following formula:  The DC is set to 8 + prof bonus + magical stat bonus.  The target then makes a saving throw, adding their stat bonus and hoping to get above that DC.  Instead of having the defender roll the saving throw, we would like the attacker to roll the attack against the "defense" of the monster. (Mainly to make play by post run smoother)  Would this mean that the attacker just rolls d20+prof + magic stat bonus, and they try to get a number which is higher than 8+ monster def stat bonus, or is there a different formula which better maintains the math? (This math sounds wrong to me, so I assume there is a better formula)
Underworld Connections: Tapping the Land for mana and ability? I have four numeric variables. All of them are measures of soil quality. Higher the variable, higher the quality. The range for all of them is different:  Var1 from 1 to 10  Var2 from 1000 to 2000  Var3 from 150 to 300  Var4 from 0 to 5  I need to combine four variables into single soil quality score which will successfully rank order.  My idea is very simple. Standardize all four variables, sum them up and whatever you get is the score which should rank-order. Do you see any problem with applying this approach. Is there any other (better) approach that you would recommend?  Thanks  Edit:  Thanks guys. A lot of discussion went into "domain expertise"... Agriculture stuff... Whereas I expected more stats-talk. In terms of technique that I will be using... It will probably be simple z-score summation + logistic regression as an experiment. Because vast majority of samples has poor quality 90% I'm going to combine 3 quality categories into one and basically have binary problem (somequality vs no-quality). I kill two birds with one stone. I increase my sample in terms of event rate and I make a use of experts by getting them to clasify my samples. Expert classified samples will then be used to fit log-reg model to maximize level of concordance / discordance with the experts.... How does that sound to you? Divisibility by 7 What is the fastest known way for testing divisibility by 7? Of course I can write the decimal expansion of a number and calculate it modulo 7, but that doesn't give a nice pattern to memorize because 3 is a primitive root. I'm looking for alternative ways that can help you decide when a number is divisible by 7 by hand.  I'm sorry if this is a duplicate question, but I didn't find anything similar on the site. Is the trio's Polyjuice escapade in Chamber of Secrets ever discovered? What is a good introductory book on quantum mechanics? I'm really interested in quantum theory and would like to learn all that I can about it. I've followed a few tutorials and read a few books but none satisfied me completely. I'm looking for introductions for beginners which do not depend heavily on linear algebra or calculus, or which provide a soft introduction for the requisite mathematics as they go along.  What are good introductory guides to QM along these lines? Why there is a $\frac{1}{2}$ in the distance formula $d=\frac{1}{2}at^2$? How can I prove that $$\displaystyle x-\frac {x^2} 2 &lt; \ln(1+x)$$ for any $x&gt;0$  I think it's somehow related to Taylor expansion of natural logarithm, when:  $$\displaystyle \ln(1+x)=\color{red}{x-\frac {x^2}2}+\frac {x^3}3 -\cdots$$  Can you please show me how? Thanks. Context Around this Code: I am making a schedulable class run each Sunday to track a couple of metrics important to the team.   Question: I am looking to consolidate DML operations and a big part of this is understanding pass by reference vs pass by value.  I want to pass the salesOps user object to the method SDREfficiencyLastWeek. I made the return type void, because I figured that I will be passing this by reference and I can make all the updates in the method without having to anything.   Why I am confused:    I read the above article and am thrown off by the following statement:  "Non-primitive data type arguments, such as sObjects, are also passed into methods by value. "   If the object is indeed passed by reference, then the query for the salesOps user in my code should be sufficient enough to edit all fields on that object without actually having to state each field in the query.  global class SDREfficientMetricsSchedulable implements Schedulable  {     global void execute(SchedulableContext sc)      {         User salesOps = [SELECT ID FROM USER WHERE id = '0056A000002Z3p9QAC'];         List&lt;String&gt; queries = new List&lt;String&gt;();          String contactsWorked_lastWeek  = 'select count(id) results from contact where LastActivityDate = last_week';         queries.add(contactsWorked_lastWeek);          String demosSet_lastWeek            = 'select count(id) results from form__c where CreatedDate = last_week';         queries.add(demosSet_lastWeek);          String demosCompleted_lastWeek  = 'select count(id) results from opportunity where (stagename = \'Unqualified Demo Completed\'  OR stagename = \'Qualified Demo Completed\' )  and RecordTypeId = \'0126A000000yudDQAQ\' and CloseDate = last_week';         queries.add(demosCompleted_lastWeek);          String qualifiedDemos_lastWeek  = 'select count(id) results  from opportunity where RecordTypeId = \'0126A0000004Ao6QAE\' and isclosed = false and  SDR_Owner__c != null and CreatedDate = last_week';         queries.add(qualifiedDemos_lastWeek);          String closedWon_lastWeek       = 'select count(id) results  from opportunity where RecordTypeId = \'0126A0000004Ao6QAE\' and iswon = true and  SDR_Owner__c != null and CloseDate = last_week';         queries.add(qualifiedDemos_lastWeek);            SDREfficiencyLastWeek(queries, salesOps);          update salesOps;     }       public void SDREfficiencyLastWeek(List&lt;String&gt; queries, User salesOps )     {        }  } How do we fetch data through REST service which hosted in azure from SharePoint site which in office 365? How do we fetch data through REST service which is hosted in window azure, from SharePoint site which in office 365? Can we need to create app for SharePoint which contain restAPI endpoint or any better solution than this? Get rows with most recent date for each different item How do properties work in Object Oriented MATLAB? Is there any easy LINQ expression to concatenate my entire List&lt;string&gt; collection items to a single string with a delimiter character?  What if the collection is of custom objects instead of string? Imagine I need to concatenate on object.Name. What is the procedure for taking down Titans? If votes were cast on a post while it was community wiki, and a moderator removes wiki from that post, the votes should count towards reputation again. However, while this is visible in a reputation audit, , and the reputation score needs to be recalculated to reflect the change.  Can someone fix this? Disabled submit button on form vs allow submit then show errors? We have a few different forms as part of a web-based medical application. These forms have quite a few fields - 10-20 depending on the form. Each has at least 5 or so required fields. We currently disable the save button until those required fields are all completed.  We've been debating whether it's a better user experience to make the submit button enabled by default and then display an error message (and highlight missing required fields) if the submit button is clicked before all required fields are filled out.  Any research or sound opinions on what might be better? We're leaning towards the latter approach since our forms are pretty long -- allowing them to submit then find errors might be more efficient than the cognitive load of searching through the form to see why the button isn't enabled. sudo on Windows 10 Linux subsystem cannot resolve local machine name I installed Windows 10 Anniversary update and the Linux subsystem. When running anything with sudo it takes ages and then I get this error message:     sudo: unable to resolve host MYMACHINE   How to get rid of this and make sudo fast? It's a really simple question. However I didn't see it in books and I tried to find the answer on the web but failed.  If I have two independent random variables, $X_1$ and $X_2$, then I define two other random variables $Y_1$ and $Y_2$, where $Y_1$ = $f_1(X_1)$ and $Y_2$ = $f_2(X_2)$.  Intuitively, $Y_1$ and $Y_2$ should be independent, and I can't find a counter example, but I am not sure. Could anyone tell me whether they are independent? Does it depend on some properties of $f_1$ and $f_2$?  Thank you. $M$ connected $\iff$ $M$ and $\emptyset$ are the only subsets of $M$ open and closed at the same time I'm trying to understand this proof that:  $M$ connected $\iff$ $M$ and $\emptyset$ are the only subsets of $M$ open and closed at the same time  Which is:  If $M=A\cup B$ is a separation, then $A$ and $B$ are open and closed. Recriprocally, if $A\subset M$ is open and closed, then $M = A\cup(M-A)$. What? I know that if $M=A\cup B$ is a separation, $A$ and $B$ are both open. But why closed? Also, the 'recriprocally' part is totally nonsense to me. Anybody could help?  Also, there's another proof, which states: $M$ and $\emptyset$ are the only subsets of $M$ at the same time closed and open $\iff$ if $X\subset M$ has empty boundary, theb $X=M$ or $X=\emptyset$  which is proved as the following:  given $X\subset M$, we know the condition $X\cap \partial X = \emptyset$ implies $X$ is open, while the condition $\partial X \subset X$ implies $X$ is closed. Then, $X$ is open and closed $\iff$ $\partial X = X\cap \partial X = \emptyset$, this show $\iff$ for the theorem above.  First of all, I think that the condition $X$ has boundary empty implies that $X\cap \partial X$ is empty, but who said anything about $\partial X\subset X$? Also, where's the $\rightarrow$ of this proof? I can only see $\leftarrow$ What is wrong with the De Broglie–Bohm theory a.k.a "Causal Interpretation" of quantum theory? Possible Duplicate:          I've heard of De Broglie–Bohm theory a.k.a causal interpretation of quantum theory. The predictions match accurately with with the nondeterministic quantum theory.  As a philosophy buff this one seems just like the classical universe. No funny new-age religion style gimmicks.  So why don't people use this interpretation instead of the Copenhagen "magic" interpretation?  P.S. I'm not an expert. I possess only superficial knowledge of quantum physics. Spaces and em-dash In using the em-dash, where do you put the spaces? Which of the following is correct?     School is based on the three R’s —reading, writing, and ’rithemtic.   or     School is based on the three R’s— reading, writing, and ’rithemtic.   or     School is based on the three R’s — reading, writing, and ’rithemtic.