After the last figure of each chapter adds an extra line for me is bad. How I can fix?  Attached my configuration.  Thank you.  \documentclass[letterpaper,11pt,twoside,openright]{book}  \usepackage[english, spanish]{babel} % espanol \usepackage{inputenc} % acentos  sin codigo \usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} %imagenes \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.png,.jpg}  \usepackage{geometry} %  margenes para encuadernacion \geometry{bindingoffset=2cm} \geometry{textwidth=390pt}  \usepackage{color} % para el color de fondo y letras \definecolor{gris}{gray}{0.5} \usepackage[table]{xcolor}  \usepackage{verbatim} % para la letra tipo consola \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3} % para que ponga 1.1.1.1 en subsubsecciones \setcounter{tocdepth}{3} % para que ponga subsubsecciones en el indice  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[scaled]{uarial} \renewcommand*\familydefault{\sfdefault} %% Only if the base font of the document  \pagestyle{headings} % establece el estilo como book \pretolerance=10000 % se usa para no separar palabras se-pa-ra-cion \tolerance=10000  \usepackage{longtable}  %longuitud de las tablas (tabla 4.1 muy ancha)  \usepackage{hyperref} \hypersetup{     colorlinks=true,%     citecolor=black,%     filecolor=black,%     linkcolor=black,%     urlcolor=black }  \usepackage{amsmath,amsthm} \RequirePackage{wboiboites} \definecolor{itcrtxtcolor}{RGB}{255,255,255} \newboxedtheorem[boxcolor=gray,                   background=gray!15,                   titlebackground=gray!5,                  titleboxcolor = black]                  {Ejemplo}{Ejemplo}{thm}  \addto\captionsspanish{% Sirve para cambiar las traducciones que vienen en LATEX \def\bibname{Referencias}% \def\tablename{Tabla}% }  \begin{document}  ...
I am using the book documentclass and have a list of figures. After  I noticed that there is a blank line to separate figures that are in different chapters, but not if they are within the same chapter. Since I changed the numbering of my figures to be {1, 2, 3, etc.} instead of {2.1, 2.2, 3.1, etc.} this looks silly and I'd rather have a blank line between each figure, no matter what.  How do I do that?  Similar:
Why does blowing on someone who is wet feel colder than on someone who is dry? What differentiates the scientific method from other methods From the controversy in , I would like to know what differentiates "the scientific method" from other method.  I'm asking for differentiation, rather than a definition, because definitions call for an all encompassing answer, which is often hard to find.  If someone asks "what is an alternative to the scientific method," I would like to be able to start by being able to reliably say whether a particular method is the scientific method or not.  Of course, being a linguistic issue, the definitions of words themselves are flexible.  For instance, it is not uncommon to hear one in science talk of "truth" in a sense which is incompatable with the mathematical meaning of "truth."  Accordingly, I would like to stick to the following ideals in wording whenever possible:   Prefer mathematically accurate terminology.  Ideally the word "proof" should be used in the form found in proof theory, and "true" and "false" should be used in the form of Boolean algebra.   No method should claim a hypothesis which predicts the state of the future is "true" unless they claim soothsaying abilities (most scientific theories include a random variable to avoid needing to claim soothsaying abilities... this is legitimate)  Words which imply direction should be clarified carefully.  "Good" and "bad" are notoriously difficult, but phrases such as "advancing society" can also be very tricky as well. The physical world and the world of information theory should be treated differently.  In particular, the concept of "testing a hypothesis" will likely need to be broken down into testing and observing the physical world, taking measurements (which should have errors associated with them), and only then is the hypothesis compared against the results of the measurements. Mathematically extending arguments into infinity (such as claiming some specific cellular level learning process qualifies as the scientific method) are valid, but may rapidly make it harder to distinguish non-scientific methods from scientific ones.  Such claims should be made carefully, but they are not inherently invalid.   If these ideals are too strict, you may bend them, but you should qualify such choices with an explanation of why my recommended wording choices are too strict.  Their goal is to put different methodologies on the levelest playing fields that I can manage in this medium.  Being stack exchange, bonus points for references to existing theories, though you may need to paraphrase their results to fit with the ideals I'm recommending for these answers.  Answers may be tested two ways:   Positive: If we think something is the scientific method, does it meet the requirements set forth? Negative: If we think something is not the scientific method, does the answer explain why it is not? I know than an ellipsis can be used to show a broken sentence, the same way an em dash can be used. What I don't know is that if the two are interchangeable and it is writer preference or if different meaning is conveyed by their use.  Are ellipses and em dashes commutable? Word: how to show hidden ribbon tabs? How can I control which tabs are available to be opened in the MS Word 2010 ribbon?  Under Word Options > Customize Ribbon > Main Tabs there are several groups checked (Blog Post, Insert (Blog Post), Outlining, Background Removal), but they don't appear on the ribbon even though there is space for them. How is one supposed to turn them on or get to them?  The one in particular I'm after today is the Blog Post tab, which I know I can get to in a round about way via File > New > Blog Post Template. However I don't want a new post, rather an old one, which means File > New > Blog Post Template > Open existing > [select from list] > [close new blog post window] > [slap No I don't to save darn it]. Extra work for nothing is irritating; how do I get Blog Post (or Outlining or ...) to show up in that nice empty space next to AddIns? drupal 7 + services 3 - inserting nodes with select fields I'm using Drupal 7 + Services 3 to create nodes with POST and JSON. Everything works fine, except field types of select - entity reference select or plain text.  The entity reference uses the autocomplete widget, while the text select is a plain radio button.  This is the format I'm using:  "field_urgency": {     "und": [  {  "value": 1    }   ] } R.Java not generated For example, in this text:     Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc eu tellus vel nunc pretium lacinia. Proin sed lorem. Cras sed ipsum. Nunc a libero quis risus sollicitudin imperdiet.   I want to match the word after 'ipsum'. Why this javascript regex doesn't work? If I type something like this:  {\itshape\LARGE   Dunt venim dolorerosto do odit   ametum vulla conum dolore   conulput in vero od el   Dunt venim dolorerosto do odit   ametum vulla conum dolore   conulput in vero od el }   it results in a block of 4 lines with narrow spacing between the 1st and 2nd line and between the 3rd and 4th line. Line spacing between the 2nd and 3rd line is normal.  I can't fully explaing it to myself so I am looking for a short description for this behaviour. I know for example that with a \par at the end of the text (inside the group), the calculation would correct. But I have no idea why... tarring in parallel An Oceanographer friend at work needs to back up many months worth of data.  She is overwhelmed so I volunteered to do it.  There are hundreds of directories to be backed up and we want to tar/bzip them into files with the same name as the directory.  I can do this easy enough serially - but - I wanted to take advantage of the several hundred cores on my work station.  Question:  using find with the -n -P args or GNU Parallel, how do I tar/bzip the directories, using as many cores as possible while naming the end product:  origonalDirName.tar.bz2?  I have used find to bunzip 100 files simultaneously and it was VERY fast - so this is the way to approach the problem though I do not know how to get each filename to be that of each directory. A solid sphere has charge $q$ and radius $R$. Find the potential at a point a distance $r$ from the center of the sphere where $r&gt;R$, using infinity as the reference point.  My attempt:  From Gauss' theorem we may deduce that $\displaystyle\mathbf{E}=\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{q}{r'^2}\hat{\mathbf{r}}$ where $r'$ is the distance of an arbitrary point from the center of the sphere provided $r'&gt;R$.  $V=-\int_\infty^\mathbf{r}\mathbf{E}\cdot d\mathbf{l}$  My question: What is $d\mathbf{l}$? Since we are traversing in the direction opposite to $\hat{\mathbf{r}}$, I think it should be $-dr'\hat{\mathbf{r}}$. But when I use it to find $V$, I get a sign error. Please help! GUI to CLI command translator Is there any application (or sequence of commands) for this function: seeing the result of the actions, while using a GUI interface, being automatically translated into a Terminal (or similar CLI environment) on the same machine.  I saw this in action long years ago in VBA for Applications (for example the Macros in Excel). I wonder if there is same function in Linux. Given a polynomial $f(x)$ with integral coefficients and $f(x) = 37$ has 5 distinct integral roots, find the number of integral roots of $f(x) = 41$?  My Approach: Say $f(x) = (x-r_1)(x-r_2)(x-r_3)(x-r_4)(x-r_5)g(x) + 37$, where $r_i$ are the distinct integers.   Now for $f(x) = 41$ we have $(x-r_1)(x-r_2)(x-r_3)(x-r_4)(x-r_5)g(x) = 4$, so the factors can be $\pm 1, \pm2$ or $\pm 4$. Given $r_i$ are distinct at most two of them will give $\pm1$, then there can be both of $\pm 2$ or one of $\pm 4$. This is where I get lost, since even if I use all of $\pm1, \pm2$, I will be still be left with one $x-r_i$ factor. What about that? Does it matter that 37 and 41 are primes, or is it just a coincidence?  Thanks in advance. This thought occurred to me earlier and I'm surprised I hadn't considered it previously. I get the feeling that no meaningful generalization can occur in a non-separable Banach space but on the surface it seems like a meaningful generalization can be had if the Banach space is separable. Even if it's possible, convergence and other issues likely severely complicate the matter. I have a virtual machine running ubuntu and I am trying to host some files on ubuntu and map the drive in windows PC.  Following the steps , I am able to see (from windows) the "work" folder after typing in \ubuntu_ip. But when trying to access or map it with "svc_acct" from windows, I get "0x80070043 error the network name cannot be found". I guess I am not accessing correctly from windows.   SAMBA config below (svc_acct is an account set up under linux). When accessing the folder from windows, I get prompted for username/password. Not sure what credential to type in exactly.  samba config: [work] path = /home/svc_acct/work valid users = svc_acct available = yes read only = no browsable = yes public = yes writable = yes force user = svc_acct create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777   UPDATE:  All I did to resolve this is by changing samba config's path from path = /home/svc_acct/work to path = /home/svc_acct following  post  (last sentence). Then no more prompt for password in windows when I try to click into the folder. Thanks to @sancho.s for suggesting the link. Continuous Images of $GL_n(\mathbb{R})$ Which of the following is a continuous image of $GL_n(\mathbb{R})$?  The real line $\mathbb{R}$  The subspace $\{(x,\frac1x):x\in \mathbb{R},x \ne 0\}$ of $\mathbb{R}^2$  $\mathbb{R}^2 \setminus \{(x,\frac1x):x\in \mathbb{R},x \ne 0\}$  $\{(x_1,x_2,...,x_n):x_1^2+x_2^2+...+x_n^2 \le 1\}$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$   How do I proceed? $GL_n(\mathbb{R})$ is not compact, not connected, so I cannot rule out some options using topological properties. Get path to application? How can a user determine the path to an application being showed in launcher?  This is meant for non-programmers or experts, so terminal commands are not really suited for them. Why: we need to make our users able to drag files/folders on our applications, a standard OS feature entirely missing in Ubuntu. How to secure my laptop so that hacking by physical access is not possible? I messed up my system earlier, I was greeted with a black screen, when booting in to Ubuntu. When I started up my laptop, I selected the recovery option from the grub menu, and chose fallback at root terminal. I saw that I was able to use the add user command, with it, I probably could use to create a privileged user on my machine.   Isn't that a security issue?  One could have stolen my laptop and at startup chose recovery and add another user, I'm fudged then. Including my data.  Come to think of it, even if you somehow remove that entry, one could boot from a live-CD, get a chroot up and running and then add another user, with the right privileges that allows it to see all my data.   If I set the BIOS to boot at my HD only, no USB, CD/DVD, Network startup, and set a BIOS password, it still wouldn't matter, because you'd still have that grub recovery startup entry.  I am fairly certain that someone from China, Russia can't hack my Ubuntu Trusty Tahr, from the network, because it's secure like that. But, if one has physical access to my - your - machine, then, well, that's why I'm asking this question. How can I secure my machine so that hacking through physical access is not possible?    Bug Report: Show $\sin x = bx$ has at least 3 real solutions. Show $\sin x=bx$ has at least 3 real solutions for every $b$, where $-\dfrac{2}{3 \pi} &lt; b &lt; \dfrac{2}{\pi}$.   Some useful facts I am trying to use:  Intermediate value theorem: If $f$ is a continuous real-valued function on $[a,b]$ and $d \in \mathbb{R}$ satisfies $f(a)&lt; d&lt; f(b)$, then there exists a point $c$ in $(a,b)$ such that $f(c) = d$.   Corollary: If $f$ is a continuous real-valued function on $[a,b]$, then $f([a,b])$ is a closed interval. $f:\mathbb{R}^3\to\mathbb{R}, f(rx)=r^{\alpha}f(x)$ for some $\alpha&gt;0$, $\forall x\in\mathbb{R}$, for any $r\in\mathbb{R}$, could any one tell me which of the following is true?  $1.$ If $f(x)=f(y)$ whenever $||x||=||y||=\beta&gt;0$, then $f(x)=\beta ||x||^{\alpha}$  $2.$ If $f(x)=f(y)$ whenever $||x||=||y||=1$, then $f(x)= ||x||^{\alpha}$  $3.$ If $f(x)=f(y)$ whenever $||x||=||y||=1$, then $f(x)=c||x||^{\alpha}$ for some constant $c$  $4.$ If $f(x)=f(y)$ whenever $||x||=||y||$, then $f(x)$ must be a constant function. Thank you.