Question prompted by this comic:
I know that the Windows copy dialog (in Windows&nbsp;XP) stores the copy in memory first, and it is still copying after the dialog closes, so the time is off, but why is the estimation of the time it will take to make a copy so inaccurate, even when memory copying has been disabled (in Vista and Windows&nbsp;7)? It seems so arbitrary! How does the whole copy procedure work, and why can't Windows estimate it correctly?
How can Obito use his Mangekyo so often? Tags in spoilers are always visible Why does the checkbox stay checked when reloading the page? In a  a doubt was voiced about my answer, which claims GCM to requires $2^{128}$ for a successful forgery. The doubt was that the square root needs to be taken meaning the security would be $2^{64}$.  So of course I immediately checked the relevant security theorem ():  $$\mathbf{Adv}^{\text{auth}}_{\operatorname{GCM}[\operatorname{Perm}(n),\tau]}(\mathcal A)\leq \frac{0.5(\sigma+q+q'+1)^2}{2^n}+\frac{q'(\ell_A+1)}{2^\tau}$$  with $\sigma$ being the total plaintext size in blocks, $q$ being the total number of encryption queries, $q'$ being the total number of decryption queries, $n$ being the size in bits of the underlying permutation, $\ell_A$ being maximum authenticated input length in blocks and $\tau$ being the tag size in bits.  Now clearly from this we can see that performing $2^{n/2}=2^{64}$ queries yields a strong enough advantage for a break.  Now my question is: When talking about "n-bits of security" or "needs $2^n$ operations to break", do we usually talk about "online" security, ie queries to an oracle can be done and cost $1$ or "offline" security where no oracles are available or do we need to make this decision depending on the situation?  TL;DR: Does GCM offer 64 or 128 bit security? How can I revert a config file back to the originally installed version after I have edited it? I want to revert a file in /etc/ back to its originally-installed form. I have edited the file since it was installed. How can I revert this config file? Apt is smart enough not to overwrite edited config files, so how do I tell it that I want it to do so?  For argument's sake, let's say that I want to revert the file /etc/foo.conf from the package foo. Did I "get" (or "take") my degree "from" (or "in") the University of Somewhere? I would like to know what is the preferred way to indicate that I took a degree in some subject while also naming the place where I obtained the degree from:   I got my master's degree from the University of Somewhere; I got my master's degree in the University of Somewhere; I took my master's degree in the University of Somewhere.   I would say that "in" is more suitable to mention the particular subject (a degree in maths, for instance) than to indicate the place, but I still have doubts.  By the way, is it a "master's degree" or a "Master's degree"? What is attached to this spigot and how to remove nth fibonacci number in sublinear time How to include graphics with spaces in their path? I want to import graphics into my main input file using the macro \includegraphics. It does not work if the filename contains spaces.   also discusses this subject, but there is no solution there.  My compilation routine is latex->dvips->ps2pdf (because of PSTricks). I know there is a difference between assert and verify in Junit; the assert results in a runtime exception, causing test method execution to abort. To overcome this problem, we can have verify which will make test case fail, but allowing test execution to proceed rather than getting aborted.  I doubt there is any such built in approach in testNG. I do understand that best practices say, there should not be multiple asserts in same test case.  But, in practical world, we do come across scenarios where we need to have multiple checkpoints in one test case and we don't want our test method to abort because of one check point failure (test execution should proceed despite failure).  How can we use a soft assert mechanism, similar to verify, which will not abort test method when there is a checkpoint failure.  Example:  @Test(dataProvider = "getMailUrl") public void testMail(email,subject); Assert.assertFalse(subject.isEmpty);//1st checkpoint Assert.assertNotNull(email); //2nd checkpoint Assert.assertEquals(email, "feedback@yoursite.com"); //3rd checkpoint   Now, I want test execution to proceed, even if the 1st checkpoint (validation of subject being not empty) fails. Definitely we will be not be using assert (hard assert). We will need concept of soft assert similar to verify (facilitated by Junit).   I understand, we have to build a customListener implementing TestNG interfaces or extending existing listeners such as TestListenerAdapter. I am still struggling - how can we do this? Uk visa refused as self employed Why did Dumbledore drink the potion in the attempt to get a Horcrux? Story on quantum indeterminacy: protagonist has to “quantum select” a portable computer’s state What is the importance of eigenvalues/eigenvectors? What is the importance of eigenvalues/eigenvectors? If $P(A \cup B \cup C) = 1$, $P(B) = 2P(A) $, $P(C) = 3P(A) $, $P(A \cap B) = P(A \cap C) = P(B \cap C) $, then $P(A) \le \frac14$ We have ($P$ is probability): $P(A \cup B \cup C) = 1$ ; $P(B) = 2P(A) $ ; $P(C) = 3P(A) $ and $P(A \cap B) = P(A \cap C) = P(B \cap C) $. Prove that $P(A) \le \frac{1}{4} $. Well, I tried with the fact that $ 1 = P(A \cup B \cup C) = 6P(A) - 3P(A \cap B) + P(A \cap B \cap C) $ but I got stuck... Could anyone help me, please? Prove $\left| \int_a^b f(t) dt \right| \leq \int_a^b \left| f(t) \right| dt$ I've been given a proof that shows the following:  If $f:[a,b]\to \mathbb C$ is a continuous function and $f(t)=u(t)+iv(t)$ then $$\left| \int_a^b f(t) dt \right| \leq \int_a^b \left| f(t) \right| dt$$ The proof begins by letting $\theta$ be the principle argument of the complex number $\int_a^b f(t)dt$ and there is one step in the proof I don't understand; can anyone explain to me why $$\int_a^b e^{-i\theta}f(t) dt=\Re\bigg(\int_a^be^{-i\theta}f(t)dt\bigg)$$  Would this not imply that the imaginary part of the left hand side is equal to $0$? I'm not sure why the LHS and RHS would be equal here. Apache on CentOS 5.9 VM serves modified files incorrectly Force NTFS permissions inheritance for newly created files Does anybody know a way to force that all files that get created inside some folder inherit the NTFS permissions of that folder.  The problem is the following:  I have a third party software that is creating PDF files inside a certain folder, but the problem is that those files get created with only the permissions for that user and for the administrators group, the file doesn't inherit the permissions of the folder it is in (Include inheritable permissions... is not marked on the files that get created), which give access to other groups of users also. What is the joint distribution of $Z=\min(X,Y)$ and $I_{Z=X}$? I have a bunch of SD cards that do not have the little plastic switch for the read only setting. so Windows thinks it’s write protected or something. The card is not write protected by the software lock present on the SD card standard.  I’m using one with tape over the notch and it’s ugly. Also, the Thinkpad slot drags on the tape all the time so I’m afraid it will might loose in there eventually.  So, is there any way to tell Windows to ignore this lame write-protect feature?  I’m not interested on the SD card itself as it’s irrelevant for the issue at hand. Read this question as being about a 5.25” floppy disk drive instead of an SD card if you wish. I’m pretty sure the Windows settings are the same for both, really.  I’m  that there are 3 ways to secure an SD card. I’m talking about only the mechanical switch, which is the responsibility of the host to handle.