I am trying to produce a structured or 'tagged' PDF from pdftex (Tex Live 2013) that passes automated tests in Adobe Acrobat for tagging. These tests are the de facto indicator for a document accessibility, which are often required by universities, government agencies and others worldwide for published documents.  To test a document for accessibility / tagging, try this:   Open the PDF in Acrobat Reader 'file -> 'document properties' -> 'Description' under 'advanced', you'll see a field, 'tagged pdf'. Ideally it should say 'yes'. But it doesn't :(     Question: does anyone know of any way to create a PDF which passes Acrobat's 'Tagged PDF' test directly from LaTeX?  The ideal solution would be a package or two that can be called from the preamble of a latex document. I want something that is very low effort for the author, and can thus be very easily integrated with .  Note: There has been discussion about this in the past (see tags and links on the right), but as of May 2014, there was no clear solution to this. Much of the existing discussion is from 2012 or earlier (see ), and so I'd like to see if we can kick-start this discussion.  Why this isn't a duplicate question: When I first posted this question in July 2013, it was flagged as a duplicate of . The answer references a presentation given at at TUG 2010. That presentation basically says "we're working on it", and is not an answer that allows me to implement a solution.  Because it is now 2014, I think it reasonable to expect that:   There have been new developments in this field through new packages or updates to core LaTeX Attempting to comply with Section 508 will have required that people figure out solutions. This is a relatively recent requirement and so solutions may have changed since 2010 The software that is typically used to judge compliance (Adobe Acrobat) has changed several times since the question was not answered Packages that address accessibility have been proposed but not come in to widespread use or even disappeared (e.g. the accessibility package, ), and it is therefore reasonable to revisit this issue with fresh eyes.
How to create tagged PDF such that they will be:   good enough for PDF/UA "reflowable" on smaller screens and ebook readers   Any syntax &amp; any engine are of interest, but I'm most interested in using LaTeX with [Xe|pdf]latex engines.
Let $X$ be a normed linear space, $x\in X$ and $r&gt;0$. Define the open and closed ball centered at $x$ as  $$ B(x, r) = \{y \in X : \Vert x − y\Vert &lt; r\} $$  $$ \overline{B}(x, r) = \{y \in X : \Vert x − y\Vert \leq r\}. $$ Then $B(x, r)$ and $\overline{B}(x, r)$ are convex.  I tried to prove this, but either my calculation is incorrect, or I am on the wrong path:  I aim to show for the closed ball $\overline{B}(x,r)$ (for open ball I assume the proof is similar). Suppose $y,z \in \overline{B}(x, r)$. Then $\Vert x − y\Vert \leq r$ and $\Vert x − z\Vert \leq r$. We must show that $t \in [0,1]$ implies $ty + (1-t)z \in \overline{B}(x,r)$. But $t \in [0,1]$ implies $$ \Vert ty + (1-t)z - x\Vert = \Vert t(y-z) + z - x\Vert \leq |t| \Vert y-z\Vert + \Vert z-x\Vert \leq |t|(\Vert y-x\Vert + \Vert x-z\Vert) + \Vert z-x\Vert &lt; |t|(2r) + r = r(2|t| + 1), $$ which is not necessarily $\leq r$. We probably wanted to end up with $&lt; |t|r$ or $\leq |t|r$ as our final inequality.  Thanks in advance. How to add USB 3.0 port to your laptop As I understand these two statements:   An electromagnetic field gives particles charge A photon is a quantum of electromagnetic field   It must mean that a photon carries charge. But I guess it isn't true. Why not? I think I accidentally pressed something to make it like this:    See how the XYZ arrows are at the 3D cursor instead of those vertexes I've selected?  How do I fix that? Whenever I select on a vertex or something, those blue, red, green arrows would always be where I selected, now it just keeps going to the 3D cursor. Seatpost Overextension I've been riding with my very short seat post extended well past its maximum extension line for quite a while now. Looking at the seat post itself I don't see any signs of deformation or damage other than some very minor surface rust.   Could my bike frame have been damaged? Could the lever force have damaged the frame? I can post some pictures of the frame if needed. My bike is all aluminum. Pressure at base of 3 different dam designs The question asks, For which design will the water pressure at the base of the dam wall be the greatest?  The answer is all are equal.    This doesn't make sense to me.  Using the formula: P (pressure) = p (atmospheric pressure) + rho (density) * g (gravity) * y (depth below water surface)    What is confusing me is the y value, the depth below the surface. Yes both red points are the same depth below the water surface. But doesn't the red point in dam III only "see" a smaller column of water above it and so shouldn't it have less pressure on it than the red point in dam II?    Also, I know the formula would give the points at the base of dam I and dam II equal. But why doesn't the extra water in dam II (shaded in black) cause it to have a higher pressure at the base? Do Bard and Rogue expertise stack? If you multiclass correctly so you get expertise from both bard and rogue(e.g. Rogue 1 and Bard 3), and if in both classes you put the expertise into Deception, does it stack on an ability check?   Example:   The bard/rogue is proficient in Deception.  With a 16 (+3) charisma at level 4 would the character get a +15 bonus to Deception rolls? Is there some trick to burning a cd with the CD/DVD creator?    I'm installing k3b because that's a known entity.  What is this, and where is the "burn" button?  Help just tells me this is Nautilus 3.4.1, but I don't see a .  There's no option to burn in the Files menu, nor does clicking on the whitespace indicate an option to burn anything. No module named numpy I am trying to run Jupyter notebook from my Ubuntu subsystem in Windows 10. I've installed numpy, scipy, and pandas using the following commands:  pip install scipy numpy pip install pandas   When I load python in Ubuntu, there is no issue importing numpy in Ubuntu cmd.   But, when I run my Jupyter Notebook from Ubuntu terminal, and try to import numpy as np, or import pandas as pd, they report  ModuleNotFoundError                       Traceback (most recent call last) &lt;ipython-input-1-a9340201ed9f&gt; in &lt;module&gt;       5 import dash_html_components as html       6 import plotly.graph_objs as go ----&gt; 7 import numpy as np       8 from dash.dependencies import Input, Output       9   ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'numpy'   Is there anyway to solve this issue? Thanks a lot. Which tool for fixing wobbly crank? Any idea what kind of tool should I but to fix the loose left crank on my bike? I found this  but not sure if it's gonna suit. Or is it enough to buy only nut driver? I have a spreadsheet full of addresses to geocode in ArcMap 10.  I've added the spreadsheet to the map, then started to geocode them via the context menu's "Geocode addresses" item.  Many were matched automatically, and most of the unmatched I've been able to resolve within the Interactive Rematch dialog. But I have a handful of addresses where I get no result at all.  I can, however, locate these points on Google Maps, and I can get the latitude and longitude that way.  How can I enter that data into the table to locate the missing points?  I have tried editing the data and putting the lat/lon values into the X and Y columns, (via Edit Features -> Start Editing, then Open Attribute Table on the context menu).  But when I Flash the point, I don't see it.  The lat &amp; lon are consistent with the other data points on the map (i.e., not swapped, and using the correct sign).  How can I add the points to the table? Is it possible to create 3D red/cyan anaglyphs in a hand drawing? There are plenty tutorials online on how to create 3D red/cyan anaglyphs from existing photos in Photoshop or similar software. However, I'm wondering if it is possible to draw a 3D image by hand on for example a whiteboard using markers.  My plan is to tape together a red and blue marker and draw with it using the same rotation/inclination of the marker across the drawing. Will this give a 3D effect when viewed through red/cyan glasses? Or is the 3D anaglyph method more complex than just offsetting red and cyan lines? In other words, are $\emptyset$ and $\mathbb{R}$ the only open and closed sets in $\mathbb{R}$? Why/Why not?  I tried by assuming a set is equal to its interior points and contains its limit points.  A bounded set will not do since stuff like $[1,4]$ and $\{5\}$ will not work, though that is not really proof. Help please?  Anyway, it must then be unbounded.  If $a$ is a real number then $(a,\infty)$, $(-\infty,a)$, $[a,\infty)$ and $(-\infty,a]$ don't seem to cut it so it must be $\mathbb{R}$. What do hollow/filled stars mean in chat? I was on chat in Stack Overflow and noticed that some of the message had grey stars with a black border while others were just black stars. What is the difference between the 2 star types? How to convert standard IP address format string to hex and long? The reciprocal of many prime numbers p in base 10 have a set of repeating digits p-1. Why? I've noticed that the reciprocal of many prime numbers have a curious number of digits. For example. 1/7 has 6 repeating digits, 1/17 has 16 repeating digits, and 1/47 has 46. There's a rule here that makes this pattern, and I haven't quite figured it out. Does anyone have some insight on this?  There are a few other numbers that follow the pattern subversively. For example, 1/3 has two repeating digits: 33. 1/11 has ten repeating digits: 0909090909. The number 1/13 has a set of six that repeats twice, which makes a set that's 12 digits long.  For reference, here is a website that lists reciprocals of numbers 2 through 70, including non-primes.   The ones that break the rule are 1/2 and 1/5, but they seem to be a matched pair, where the 2 and 5 switch places in the equation 1/X = Y/10  What is the rule that makes this pattern? I'm very curious. Find the area where dog can roam A dog is tied to circular pillar by a rope. Radius of this pillar is $1m$ and length of rope is $\pi m$. What is an area where dog can roam?   I tried to find the area of all semicircles and then to find its sum. It is easy to find an area at front side of the pillar. It is $\displaystyle\frac12\pi^2\pi=\frac{\pi^3}{2}$. Problem is how to find remaining area. I tried to write this area using compass and straightedge, but I couldn't. Then I wrote this in AutoCAD and it looks like this: Is it possible to find the exact value of this area? "With who" vs. "with whom" Is this correct?     The person with whom I'm doing the project should be here soon.   If it is, is with always a dative preposition (like mit in German)? Can't run my hello world in C I am trying to prove that all vector spaces can be written as the direct sum of two subspaces.  My attempt: If each vector in vector space V can be uniquely written as the sum of two other vectors in V, the two vectors can be categorized into subspaces and thus V can be written as the direct sum of these subspaces. I am not sure how to show that this is true for all cases though. Edit Sorry for the confusion,to clarify I meantGiven a vector space V with a subspace W, prove that there exists a subspace W' such that the direct sum of W and W' is V.I am not sure about my proof method at all. Thank you.