I have a file that contains string in each line. I used this file as an input in a program that reads them automatically. The program seem to not be able to read the strings correctly. I tried to fiure out what is different than usual. The only thing I found is that the file (I take it as-is from a source) adds the newline character at the beginning of the new line, and not at the end of the previous line as I used to see and as the program could successfully read previous files.   So if I use cat -E file.txt to see the newline character I see the file contains string like this:  string1 $string2 $string3 $string4   Note that the $ is the newline character.  As a troubleshooting step, I want to change the newline position to be:  string1$ string2$ string3$ string4$   How to do this?
I need to periodically run a command that ensures that some text files are kept in Linux mode. Unfortunately dos2unix always modifies the file, which would mess file's and folder's timestamps and cause unnecessary writes.   The script I write is in Bash, so  I'd prefer answers based on Bash.
How to convince stakeholders to invest in proper UX? I'm working on a web app with a team of 5, including me. One database administrator, one project manager, two programmers and me the front-end designer. This project is an internal reporting system.  Anyways, I've struggling a little bit with my team, the DBA and two programmers seem to control our meetings with what Data we are going to pull and the best way to work it into an object model.  And then look to me to design some pretty interface.  Truth is, we've never measured the objectives of this application and what strategy will best meet them from a front-end design/UX standpoint. We've done no wire frames, no planning of content, no planning of pages, no conversations on specific interface components, nothing like that. It seems my team is content with designing and building the entire UX/UI based on a couple of ideas we've spit-balled in meetings.  Forgive me if this sounds too much like a gripe, but I'm at a loss. How do I get my team to understand, we can't just throw the front-end together based on back-end data and the interface HAS to be well planned out and organized? Why do we use AC for long distance transmission? Why do we use AC (Alternating Current) for long distance transmission of electrical power?  I know that AC is such a current that changes polarity (magnitude and direction) and has fixed poles. Ubuntu 18.10 gnome extensions stop working after hibernation After upgrading to 18.10 I am experiencing very strange behaviour of gnome extensions. After my laptop goes into hibernation they all switch off and enabling them back on  doesn't help: nothing changes and when I refresh the page they are disabled again.   The only way to turn them back on is to reinstall them. Do we have name for these kind of "flat graphics" images? Why does changing the returned variable in a finally block not change the return value? Windows 10 - Users already logged in at boot Is there a way to display the number of messages for any label in the Gmail label list? The Gmail sidebar displays the list of our labels (or some of them, according to settings). Next to every label name there is a number showing how many unread messages we have for that label.  Is there a way to display also the total number of messages for each label?  Example:  [to answer] (0/36) [to do] (0/55) [waiting answer] (0/7) cooking (2/48) family (6/352) friends (1/1828) website (2/412) work (12/12801) How to delete entry in Auto Complete in Microsoft Edge How do I delete an unwanted entry in AutoComplete in Microsoft Edge?  I have tried everything including highlighting with the down arrows and nothing works. How to make different materials for different objects? When I change one material, it changes it on another object. Why and how do I fix it? is there some link between the objects?    Here is my blender file of Iron Man's faceplate.  Here is my whole screen with the main portion of the face selected. On the right, you can see the material, and I can tell you that that is the same as the eyes part: What is the correct pronunciation of TeX and LaTeX? Is it tex(tech)? Or Is it tex(like touch)?  Lay-TeX? or La-TeX?  Should I use TeX pronunciation in LaTeX? Finding sharing settings OWD Does a four-divergence extra term in a Lagrangian density matter to the field equations? Greiner in his book "Field Quantization" page 173, eq.(7.11) did this calculation:     ${\mathcal L}^\prime=-\frac{1}{2}\partial_\mu A_\nu\partial^\mu A^\nu+\frac{1}{2}\partial_\mu A_\nu\partial^\nu A^\mu-\frac{1}{2}\partial_\mu A^\mu\partial_\nu A^\nu $   $\space\space\space\space=-\frac{1}{2}\partial_\mu A_\nu\partial^\mu A^\nu+\frac{1}{2}\partial_\mu[A_\nu(\partial^\nu A^\mu)-(\partial_\nu A^\nu) A^\mu]$        The last term is a four-divergence which has no influence on the field equations. Thus the dynamics of the electromagnetic field (in the Lorentz gauge) can be described by the simple Lagrangian        ${\mathcal L}^{\prime\prime}=-\frac{1}{2}\partial_\mu A_\nu\partial^\mu A^\nu$     Yes, if it is a four-divergence of a vector whose 0-component doesn't contain time derivatives of the field, indeed according to the variational principle this four-divergence will not influence the field equation.  And actually I calculated the time-derivative dependence of 0-component of $[A_\nu(\partial^\nu A^\mu)-(\partial_\nu A^\nu) A^\mu]$, in which only $[A_0(\partial^0 A^0)-(\partial_0 A^0) A^0]$ could possibly contain time-derivative, which vanishes fortunately, so whatever the general case it doesn't matter in this present case.  But how can he seem to claim that it holds for a general four-divergence term,The last term is a four-divergence which has no influence on the field equations?  EDIT: I only assumed the boundary condition to be $A^\mu=0$ at spatial infinity, not at time infinity. And the variation of the action $S = \int_{t_1}^{t_2}L \, dt$ is due to the variation of fields which vanish at time, $\delta A^\mu(\mathbf x,t_1)=\delta A^\mu(\mathbf x,t_2)=0$, not having the knowledge of $\delta \dot A^\mu(\mathbf x,t_1)$ and $\delta \dot A^\mu(\mathbf x,t_2)$, which don't vanish generally, so the four-divergence term will in general contribute to the action, $$\delta S_j=\delta \int_{t_1}^{t_2}dt\int d^3\mathbf x \partial_\mu j(A(x),\nabla A(x),\dot A(x))^\mu =\delta \int_{t_1}^{t_2}dt\int d^3\mathbf x \dot j^0 =\int d^3\mathbf x [\delta j(\mathbf x, t_2)^0-\delta j(\mathbf x, t_1)^0]$$ which does not vanish in general! I've heard that you need to get a Mac if you want to develop iPhone apps. Is this true?   Is it possible to develop iPhone apps using Linux? If yes, what do I need and where do I download the necessary tools? I have a shell script with this code:  var=`hg st -R "$path"` if [ -n "$var" ]; then     echo $var fi   But the conditional code always executes, because hg st always prints at least one newline character.   Is there a simple way to strip whitespace from $var (like trim() in )?   or   Is there a standard way of dealing with this issue?   I could use  or , but I'd like to think there is a more elegant solution to this problem. There has been a significant drop (90%) in traffic from Google to one of my well-established sites (6+ years) in the last week. Searches show that the top 3 wide keywords all dropped 4 spots. Searches for other keywords do not show ANY results in the first 10 to 25 pages of results, while previously one 1st or 2nd page at most.  Since there are , the question really is:  What steps are necessary to figure out what caused such a drop?  There have been no major changes during this period or the last month on the site and certainly not in the homepage which has dropped in rank. Over all the years of running this site and plenty of others, I have never experienced this. There are is duplicate content on my site and I have rigorously used canonical links for the last few years to ensure it is not misinterpreted as such. Automatically switch gpu graphics driver when gaming I have installed Ubuntu GNOME 15.10. I installed the nvidia tested proprietary driver and then I restarted. Afterr that I selected as primary GPU the Intel driver for normal use. However, when I enter a steam game(Portal) the graphics is bad so In order to play normal I have to switch manually to the nvidia driver again and reboot again. After the game I have to manually select as primary driver the Intel one and reboot again. It is so boring. QUESTION: How to automatically switch gpu graphics driver when I enter a game or something that needs more GPU? tasks package: items are in two line with 4 columns and 4 items I write some choice questions into beamer frame, after some research, here is my code:  \documentclass[aspectratio=169]{beamer} \usetheme{Berkeley} \usepackage{tasks,CJK} \begin{document} \begin{CJK*}{utf8}{bsmi} \begin{frame} \transwipe 1.Which one you want to choose? \begin{tasks}[counter-format=tsk[A].,debug=true](4) \task A \task B \task C \task D \end{tasks} \end{frame} \end{CJK*} \end{document}   output with pdflatex:  But I don't want the D choice goto the second line, I want them stay in one line, what should I do? What is the range of the validity of Coulomb's law? What is the smallest and biggest distance in which  is valid?  Please provide a reference to a scientific journal or book. Just saying that this law is valid from this range to that range is not enough. Which experiments did result to these ranges? reference overlay numbers with names In the comedic music video  there are many clips of vintage scifi films, some of which I recognize.  This one however, of a large blue floating holographic head talking to some kind of military installation does not look at all familiar.  Does anyone recognize this film?