I am trying to explain physically what is happening in the picture below:    My gut explanation is that we are observing the reflection of a cone of light emanating from the moon, it explains the form of this reflection which looks like a cross section of a cone but I'm not convinced with this explanation.  I know this is supposed to be easy but, it bugs that I am not able to have an answer. Do you have a more convincing physics explanation?
Have you ever notice the sunset's image in the sea? It's like long light path to the end of the horizon! I've attached a sample of this:     How can we explain this? I know that it can happen even in wave less sea or lake! Why is this path so continuous? I expected that sea should act like a mirror!
Why no tag Badges for Good questions Why not make  but for questions too?  I love that everything is well though behind SO but I can't see no reason as to why great questions can't be prized with "Badges by subject". computing the orbits for a group action Let $G$ be the Galois group of a field with nine elements over its subfield with three elements. Then the number of orbits for the action of $G$ on the fields with nine elements is   3 5 6 9   I have no idea how to compute the numbers of orbits for a group action. Anyone please help me. Thanks. Restart my graphics card without rebooting? Why have  on every line I have Ubuntu 16.04 LTS installed on my PC. I have a problem playing  videos on google chrome. Version of google chrome: 51.0.2704.63 (64-bit). All other videos of youtube are playing normally in google chrome. I even tried playing the  videos on Firefox but the same problem persists. Can anyone help me with the same ? What is the definition of how to count degrees of freedom? resulted, rather as by-product, the discussion on how to count degrees of freedom (DOF). I extend that question here:   Are necessary1 derivatives such as velocities counted as individual DOFs or together with the respective coordinate2? Should complex valued DOFs be counted twice as in "two real-valued DOFs" or once as in "one complex-valued DOF"? (I mean, when one does not want to specify this explicitly)   Please answer with some reference, unless it turns out this is actually a matter of taste rather than a strictly defined thing.    1) I mean those a value of which is required as an initial condition 2) I count fields in QFT as coordinates as well, while space-time-coordinates are parameters to me, if that matters. I know a field actually has $\infty$ (or rather, $2^\aleph$) DOFs itself, but let's say e.g. "one $\mathbb R^3$ continous DOF" in that case Convert Latex to MathJax-HTML Is there any tool that can convert Latex documents to HTML documents, so that all math is presented with ?  (Obviously, it is fairly easy to hack together a quick Perl script that is able to do a crude conversion, but I am interested in a bit more robust solutions — at least it should get all cross-references right automatically.) How do you correctly say large numbers I saw a post on  which links to a video where a person . Is he saying a large portion of the numbers wrong? Back in high school my algebra teacher was extremely picky.  If we were going to say the number 135, we would say one hundred thirty-five.  If a person said one hundred and thirty-five my teacher would interpret that to mean 100.35.  Was my algebra teacher wrong, or did Jon just waste over 80 hours counting to 100,000 incorrectly. I tried searching the web, but searching for ‘numbers and’  doesn’t work very well.  Can you point me to a reference or style guide that describes how to properly say large numbers? How to Give Credit for An Answer in the Comments I asked a question on SO and someone gave me the answer as a comment to the question. Subsequently, someone else gave the same answer as an answer.  I would like to give credit to the poster who made the comment. Is there any way to do that?   Being new to the site, my only thought would be to contact the commenter and tell him to post an answer if he/she wants credit. Parsing JSON with Unix tools Assume that $(\text{X}, T)$ is compact and Hausdorff. Prove that a comparable but different topological space $(\text{X},T')$ is not. Say that a topological space is CH if it is both compact and Hausdorff.   Let $T$ and $T'$ be two topologies on the same set X that are comparable   but different, i.e., $T$ is either strictly smaller or strictly larger than $T'$.   Assume that $(\text{X}; T )$ is CH. Prove that $(\text{X}; T')$ is not CH.   I just can seem to get started, so I was wondering if anybody could give me a hint...  If $T' \subsetneqq T$, then the identity $id: (\text{X},T) \rightarrow (\text{X}, T')$ is continuous and surjective. This implies that $id(\text{X},T) = (\text{X},T')$ is also compact. So in order to show that $(\text{X},T')$ is not CH, I need to show that it is not Hausdorff, right? But I'm stuck... Inserting newlines in Rectangle Text elements via ArcPy causes overlap? I ran across an issue the other day when I tried to use ArcPy's mapping module to edit rectangle text elements with newlines (\n) in an ArcMap document.  Here's what the output looked like:    Here's the code I used to generate that output.  The first column are rectangle text elements Text1, Text2, Text3 going down; the second column are "plain" text elements Text4, Text5, and Text6 going down.  import os import arcpy  HomeDir = r"C:\Desktop" arcpy.env.workspace = HomeDir  CurrentMXD = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument(r"C:\Desktop\TextTest.mxd") OutputFilename = r"C:\Desktop\TextTest.pdf" if os.path.exists(OutputFilename):     os.remove(OutputFilename)  for TextElement in arcpy.mapping.ListLayoutElements(CurrentMXD, "TEXT_ELEMENT"):     TextElementName = TextElement.name      String1 = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.\nShe sells sea shells by the sea shore."     String2 = "The quick brown fox \njumped over the lazy dog.\nShe sells sea shells by the sea shore."     String3 = "The quick brown fox jumped \nover the lazy dog.\nShe sells sea shells by the sea shore."      if TextElementName == "Text1":         TextElement.text = String1     if TextElementName == "Text2":         TextElement.text = String2      if TextElementName == "Text3":         TextElement.text = String3     if TextElementName == "Text4":         TextElement.text = String1     if TextElementName == "Text5":         TextElement.text = String2     if TextElementName == "Text6":         TextElement.text = String3  arcpy.mapping.ExportToPDF(CurrentMXD, OutputFilename)   So far, it looks like the presence of the messed up text depends on whether the line is longer enough to wrap, and whether the line before the newline is longer than the line after the newline.  Any ideas about what could be going wrong?  Is there a workaround?  I could use plain text elements and worry about wrapping lines using Python, but I'm hoping I can figure something out. What happens when a caster targets an object that looks like a creature with a spell that targets only creatures? There are many spells which explicitly target creatures:     Choose one creature within range   The target creature is normally supposed to make a saving throw in this case.  What happens when the caster chooses a creature, that is actually an object? For instance, a scarecrow, a mannequin, an illusion, or a corpse.  Examples:   An evil mage is hiding in the bushes. He casts an illusion of himself on the road, using the Silent Image spell. A PC sorcerer walks down the road, sees the illusion and casts Magic Missile on it. A cleric is standing near a pile of dead bodies. He has suspicions that a few corpses are actually undead creatures. He casts Sacred Flame on every corpse, see which if them succeed, hence, reveals the undead. A wizard casts Acid Splash on a mannequin, trying to damage it with acid.   Possible outcomes I can think of are:   The caster cannot even try to cast the spell, regardless of their information about what the target actually is. The caster tries to cast the spell, the casting fails, not expending the spell slot. The caster casts the spell, it expends the spell slot, then fails. The caster casts the spell, but it hits the original and not the illusion. The caster casts the spell, it flies to the target illusion but deals no damage to it (passes through it).   References in the rules and Sage advice  I was trying to investigate, but it didn't make things clearer:    has an answer, that Magic Missile won't hit. It says nothing about if it can be targeted at all, it leaves it up to the DM. Magic Missile automatically finds the original, even when the caster targets an illusion. At least . Now . This supports the counter-intuitive option 4.   on the other hand   , if there were no perceivable effects (let's say you can try to cast the Command spell on an illusion). That assumes that casters can waste their spells on illusion, which means they at least can target it. This supports options 3 and 5. com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure In Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald Dumbledore teaches DADA. But from the books we always heard about him as of a Transfiguration teacher (say, in Tom Riddle's days). It is stated in the movie that Dumbledore was prohibited to teach DADA by the Ministry, though the limitations seemed to be canceled at the end of the movie together with the removal of his handcuffs (not completely clear about the teaching though). The strange thing is, however, that Dumbledore was a Transfiguration teacher and even the Head of Transfiguration Department in Hogwarts before Newt's days, as we learn from Pottermore:  Under the guidance of her [McGonagall] inspirational Transfiguration teacher, Albus Dumbledore, she had managed to become an Animagus She [McGonagall] sent an owl to Hogwarts, asking whether she might be considered for a teaching post. The owl returned within hours, offering her a job in the Transfiguration department, under Head of Department, Albus Dumbledore.  That is of course if we accept that Minerva McGonagall in the movie is the same Minerva we know. So it seems that he taught Transfiguration, then for some reason switched to DADA and then to Transfiguration again. While it is possible in general, is there any explanation for the reasons? Distribution of the digits of Pi How do I run a batch file from my Java Application? How can the median number of sexual partners be 6.1 and 3.6? Median number of female sexual partners in lifetime, for men 25-44 years of age, 2006-2008: 6.1  Wouldn't it only be able to be x.5 or x.0? At some point I accidentally ran off a cliff with my War Horse which resulted in a death. After respawning, I noticed my War Horse was gone and the default Tennessee Walker was my main horse.   How did the War Horse disappear and is it possible to retrieve it? Why would a JavaScript variable start with a dollar sign? I quite often see JavaScript with variables that start with a dollar sign. When/why would you choose to prefix a variable in this way?  (I'm not asking about $('p.foo') syntax that you see in jQuery and others, but normal variables like $name and $order)