How to properly have chapters in a thesis
Regarding the `book`, `report`, and `article` document classes: what are the main differences?
Where are the images from  coming from?  Where are they being saved on my system?  Is there any way for me to point this at my own source of images? Markov's paper on insolubility of the homeorphy problem When I was at school and learning integration in maths class at A Level my teacher wrote things like this on the board.  $$\int f(x)\, dx$$  When he came to explain the meaning of the $dx$, he told us "think of it as a full stop".  For whatever reason I did not raise my hand and question him about it.  But I have always shaken my head at such a poor explanation for putting a $dx$ at the end of integration equations such as these.  To this day I do not know the purpose of the $dx$.  Can someone explain this to me without resorting to grammatical metaphors? Do professors get paid for supervising students? Geometric random variables $X_1:G(p_1)$ $X_2:G(p_2)$ $X_3:G(p_3)$ are independent, prove the following : I am trying to build a computer, placing an  in a custom .  The case is an extra small form factor which can accommodate the Mini ITX board, but it requires an external power supply, similar to the power-bricks that laptops use.  I am looking at different power supplies and like , but I cannot figure out whether/how to power this system, because they provide a 24-pin connector, but the motherboard has a 4-pin connector as well.  Is the 4-pin connector optional or is it required? If it is required, how can I provide power for this system? How to match all occurrences of a regex Is there a quick way to find every match of a regular expression in Ruby? I've looked through the Regex object in the Ruby STL and searched on Google to no avail. Decoupling capacitors: what size and how many? Benefits & Practicality of Virtual Machines I have been living under a rock for the past 5 - 8 years, and am just now getting up to speed with virtualization, virtual machines and platforms like VMware or VirtualBox.  I think I am starting to get them, but there are two concepts about VMs that I'm just choking on for some reason; one has to do with their intrinsic benefit to the enterprise, and the other has to do with their practicality when being used.  So I understand that you can have multiple VMs running on the same physical machine, all doing their own "thing" as if they were separate machines. So let's say I want to make a nice little virtual network of servers in my home office so I can have a big sandbox to play inside of for all my projects. I set up 2 physical machines as servers, and on each of them I have, say, 4 virtual machines running (1 might be an app server, another might be a RDBMS, another might be a message broker, etc.).   Besides saving me money (as I only have to provide 2 physical machines instead of buying 8 servers), what instrinsic benefit/purpose do these VMs serve here? I don't care how clever virtual machines are, if my computer only has 8GB of RAM, and I have 4 VMs running on it, those VMs only get 8GB of RAM to share between them. Putting 4 VMs on my server doesn't endow it with 4 times that amount of RAM! So, as far as I see it, VMs save you money on hardware, but just end up bogging down that hardware as you have multiple machines competing over the same pool of resources. What am I missing here? Can VMs communicate with each other over your network using high-level protocols like TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, etc.? Otherwise, it just doesn't make sense to implement all these VMs if you have to feed them separate and independent chunks of data/requests to process. Find the sum to n terms as well as the sum to infinity of the series: Find the sum to $n$ terms as well as the sum to infinity of the series:  $$\frac{1}{3} + \frac{1}{4\cdot 2!} + \frac{1}{5\cdot 3!} +\cdots.$$  I was trying this question many times but I didn't get the answer. I was using geometric series formula, but it was not applicable here...I don't know where I have to start, and I don't know any hint about this series....  If anybody helps me, I would be very thankful to him. Disallow downvoting other answers if I've posted my own Possible Duplicates:        As Dan Dyer mentioned in his comment on , there is a conflict of interest when you have posted your own answer and are allowed to downvote other answers.  Despite the vote editing window being drastically reduced, the fundamental problem remains: I can downvote the other answers permanently and still benefit - my answer gets upvoted ONCE and wham, I have just made up the rep loss for my 10 other downvotes. The vote editing window fixes part of the problem, but there is a more complete fix that has the extra benefit of not preventing legitimate vote changes: to disallow downvotes on competing answers when you have posted one yourself.  The temptation to wrongfully downvote competing answers is huge. The rep loss is tiny in comparison. It has to be in order for people to continue to legitimately downvote.  Details:   If I have previously voted and then post my own answers, delete my downvotes. Continue to allow me to remove the upvotes - I think this is fully legitimate. If I delete my answer it's probably best to continue to deny downvotes (perhaps even including the question), but I don't have a strong opinion either way. Sum of reciprocals of numbers with certain terms omitted Allow the owner of a post to approve a suggested edit even if it was rejected by reviewers My internet connection used to be a direct LAN connection to my provider. Back then, everything would load fine on both Windows and Ubuntu (dual boot). However, a while ago they started needing me to dial (PPPoE) using a username and password. Gateway, subnet mask, IP, DNS servers all stayed the same. But since then, I haven't been able to browse certain websites on Ubuntu, even though there have been no such issues on Windows. Some example websites are -  (although share.ovi.com loads fine, and nokia.com loads fine),  (works on Chrome(ium) and Opera but not on Firefox (both 3.6 and 4)) Mozilla  and other random websites.  Some of the websites that don't load show timeout messages and for some websites (like the moz addons one), the browser will keep trying to load without an end (I've left it like that even for hours but not noticed anything different happen).  I have tried changing the DNS servers to public ones. I have even tried booting from a Fedora LiveCD and then changing the DNS to those (and even to the ones of OpenDNS), but the exact same thing happens. What could be inherently wrong with some config within Linux itself that is causing this problem?  Does anyone know why this is happening and how it can be fixed?  Note: This question has been  on SU, but not gotten any responses.  Update: Just saw  that someone else was having similar problem and solved it by putting a NetworkManager.conf file in /etc/NetworkManager. What needs to be in that file? In Python, is there a concise way of comparing whether the contents of two text files are the same? I don't care what the differences are.  I just want to know whether the contents are different. I have 4 time series. One of them is stationary and rest of them are not. I need to find relation between them. I will use AIC to decide lag length.   Should I use VAR or VECM to find relation between them?  Will VAR or VECM give me relation in terms of equation which can be used for forecasting?  Do I need to perform Johansen's test of cointegration?  What good would it do? Okay, obviously beyond Data and the Soong-type androids. But seriously, we have more robots in our daily life now than there apparently are on Trek. Is there a canon answer why not? It seems like Star Wars is more on the nose in this regard - it’s unclear why all dirty/dangerous/boring work wouldn’t be done by robots (anthropomorphic or not). Why does the amount of energy transferred depend on distance rather than time? The change in energy of an object can be determined by the work equation, where work is the change in energy:  $$ W = F \cdot d $$  I conceptualize the transfer of energy as simply a series of small "packets" of energy being transferred at every Planck length. These small "packets" of energy add up to the total energy transferred (i.e. work). I'm not sure if this conceptualization is correct, so correct me if I am wrong.  However, it makes me wonder why the amount of energy transferred is dependent on distance and not time.  $$ m_1 = 10~kg \\ m_2 = 20~kg \\ W_1 = (10~N)\cdot(5~m) = 50~J \\ W_2 = (10~N)\cdot(5~m) = 50~J \\ W_1 = W_2 \\ t_1 \neq t_2 $$  If I apply a constant force on an object, why isn't the energy transferred at a constant rate with respect to time? The energy transfer rate varies dependent on how long it takes to cover the set distance.  In other words: why is the energy transferred consistent per unit of distance, and not per unit of time? How do I make my program watch for file modification in C++? Proving that if $A$ is a $8\times 8$ matrix over $\mathbb{R}$ and $A^3=A$, then $A$ is diagonalizable.