I tried asking general high level (newb-ish) questions about the ESP8266's firmware, how it works, Arduino IDE, sketches in general at Arduino Stack Exchange but was told it was off-topic. I think the IoT site doesn't seem like the right place either and Arduino Stack Exchange seemed like the most relevant to me. Which site should I post this question?  Does flashing ESP8266/ESP-01 firmware mean uploading a new 'sketch' and why different firmware? Hi, I am new to IoT and I am now in love with this. However I'm a little confused right now with the jargon. My question is similar to . But I do have some extra questions though.  When using ESP as standalone microcontroller, and if I uploaded a sketch written on the Arduino IDE, does that count as 'Arduino firmware' other people are referring to?  On the Arduino IDE, uploading sketches onto the ESP8266 seems easy by just installing extra libraries from Board Manager and selecting the right board. Is this step equivalent of doing this but for different firmwares such as AT, NodeMCU and Micropython?  For the NodeMCU dev boards, is the default firmware on the module NodeMCU firmware? If I were to use the Arduino IDE to upload a sketch, does that mean I have overwritten the NodeMCU firmware with my custom 'Arduino firmware' sketch?  To the extent of my knowledge, when using NodeMCU firmware, I would need to code in LUA language using some sort of LUA IDE and if I flashed/uploaded micropython I would need to code in micropython using exclusively the Thonny IDE. And there is no way to code in micropy or LUA from the Arduino IDE.  Is the reason for using other firmware is because of how the code is compiled and the language used?
I came across the following question:    This can be easily flagged for too broad or opinion based, but I wonder on which stack-exchange site can one ask answers for such a question?
Is the money you get from shorting a stock free to use for going long on other stocks? I shorted a particular stock which resulted in $10,000 being deposited into my Interactive Brokers account. I then put all of that $10,000 into VTI (total stock market index). Basically making the bet that the stock I shorted will perform worse than the total stock market.   I assumed I would be charged some sort of interest or fees for using that money, however it appears that I am not being charged at all. Are there really no costs for doing this? How to reset Kali linux root password Consider there is a box of mass $m$ at rest on the floor. Most books give an example that we need to do a work of $mgh$ to lift the box $h$ upward.  If we analyze this work done, the external force acting on the box by us should be equal to the weight of the box. Therefore the net force is zero which in turn there is no acceleration. If there is no acceleration and the initial velocity of the box is also zero, how can the box move upward? Bash while read loop breaking early I've been banging my head against for wall for a while with this one.  I want to SSH into a set of machines and check whether they are available (accepting connections and not being used). I have created a small script, tssh, which does just that:  #!/bin/bash  host=$1 timeout=${2:-1}  ssh -qo "ConnectTimeout $timeout" $host "[ \`who | cut -f1 | wc -l \` -eq 0 ] &amp;&amp; exit 0 || exit 1"   This script works correctly. Returning 255 if there was a connection problem, 1 if the machine is busy and 0 if everything is good. If anyone knows a better way to do this please let me know.  So next I try and call tssh on my set of machines using a while read loop, and this is where it all goes wrong. The loop exits as soon as tssh returns 0 and never completes the full set.   while read nu ; do tssh "MYBOXES$nu" ; done &lt; &lt;(ruby -e '(0..20).each { |i| puts i }')   At first I thought this was a subshell problem but apparently not. Any help, along with comments on style/content, would be much appreciated! I know I'm going to kick myself when I find out why... I've recently been trying to introduce myself to formal logic, and I've hit a stumbling point:  In the text I'm reading, a valid argument is defined as "an argument in which it is impossible for the premises to be true and at the same time the conclusion false."  The text then later prompts me to declare whether it's possible for an argument to be valid with a contradiction for a conclusion. The answer key then claims that yes, it is in fact possible, but offers no further explanation. I'm also supposed to create an example.  I just can't wrap my head around this one.  Here's the example I've worked up, is this a valid argument?   If grass is green then it is raining.  If water is wet then it is not raining.  Therefore: It is raining and not raining.   My head hurts. You have two identical eggs. Standing in front of a 100 floor building, you wonder what is the maximum number of floors from which the egg can be dropped without breaking it. What is the minimum number of tries needed to find out the solution? I created the following script:  #!bin/bash cat &gt; Top10 &lt;&lt;EOF Linux Mint 17.2 Ubuntu 15.10 Debian GNU/Linux 8.2 Mageria 5 Fedora 23 openSUSE Leap 42.1 Arch Linux CentOS 7.2-1511 PCLinuxOS 2014.12 Slackware Linux 14.1 FreeBSD EOF sed -ri "s/^[^0-9]*$//" Top10 sed -r "s/(.*)([[:space:]][[:digit:]]*.*)$/\2\1/" Top10 | sed -r "s/([[:space:]])([[:digit:]])/\2/" | sed -r "s/([[:digit:]])([[:alpha:]])/\1 \2/" &gt; Top10 sed -r -i "s/(.*)/\L\1/" Top10 sed -r -i "y/[aeiou]/[AEIOU]/" Top10 sort Top10 -g -o Top10 cat Top10   When I run it a few times the following happens:     As you can see sometimes the Top10 file turns out empty and sometimes it turn out the way I needed it to be. I know that the command which replaces the extensions from the end to the front of a line is done poorly. I ran this script on a VMware virtual machine. Could that be the reason? What does the leading semicolon in JavaScript libraries do? How do I calculate spoke length? I have a problem when I try to start a Workflow 2013 in SharePoint Server 2013. I believe the error is related with permissions, but I cannot be sure.  Here is the error message in the log:  RequestorId: ef9edb7c-cc3d-5e10-3681-eada907596a4.  Details: System.ApplicationException: HTTP 401 {"Transfer-Encoding":["chunked"],"X-SharePointHealthScore":["0"],"SPRequestGuid":["ef9edb7c-cc3d-5e10-3681-eada907596a4"],"request-id":["ef9edb7c-cc3d-5e10-3681-eada907596a4"],"X-FRAME-OPTIONS":["SAMEORIGIN"],"MicrosoftSharePointTeamServices":["15.0.0.4420"],"X-Content-Type-Options":["nosniff"],"X-MS-InvokeApp":["1; RequireReadOnly"],"Cache-Control":["max-age=0, private"],"Date":["Thu, 31 Jan 2013 16:36:44 GMT"],"Server":["Microsoft-IIS\/8.0"],"WWW-Authenticate":["NTLM"],"X-AspNet-Version":["4.0.30319"],"X-Powered-By":["ASP.NET"]}  The HTTP response content could not be read.  'Error while copying content to a stream.'. at Microsoft.Activities.Hosting.Runtime.Subroutine.SubroutineChild.Execute(CodeActivityContext context) at System.Activities.CodeActivity.InternalExecute(ActivityInstance instance, ActivityExecutor executor, BookmarkManager bookmarkManager) at System.Activities.Runtime.ActivityExecutor.ExecuteActivityWorkItem   The question is: What permissions do I need to configure in SharePoint for the WF publisher and the WF manager service account?  I’ve set a WF Manager service account named “wfservice” (this account is a local admin and has the sysadmin permissions in SQL Server), and I published the workflow and tested it using the account “wfuser”. Both accounts have full control permissions in the web app and are site owners, for testing WF 2013 purposes.  I’ve already done the DNS flush, as mentioned in Andrew Connell’s article, and I’m still getting an Unauthorized exception in the Item Workflow Status.  Anyone knows what’s going on? Which permissions do I need to configure? How to find previous boot log after Ubuntu 16.04+ restarts? My question is, how can I find boot log from previous system boot attempt?  Today when first powering on my PC, boot process stopped on Ubuntu logo, when I pressed Esc I have seen several lines containing some kernel error and restart required at the bottom, so I pressed Ctrl+ALt+Del and next boot went OK without problems.  I have trouble finding messages from the screen I have seen during the first unsuccessful boot. Should I have taken picture to my phone?  /var/log/boot is there but empty, I searched  and  for strings I remembered with today's date like error but found nothing familiar to what I have seen on previous boot screen.  $ journalctl -b -1 gives me only kernel messages during boot, I can find that elsewhere too, and they are not what was appearing on screen during boot, journalctl is useless for me, I am looking for messages appearing on screen during boot time.  For now, only option is take a photo of write the message on paper. What algorithm(s) are used by MoleculeModify's GenerateConformers? Caption on tabular environment I have got codes like the following (generated by Kile). How can I add a caption. I guess I should have used the table environment. Is there any solution now?  \newcommand{\mc}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3}} \begin{center} \begin{tabular}{rccll}      &amp;   &amp; \mc{3}{c}{Colin}\\      &amp;   &amp; a &amp; \mc{1}{c}{b} &amp; \mc{1}{c}{c}\\\cline{3-5} Rose &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{A} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(1,2)} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(2,5)} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(4,4)}\\\cline{3-5}      &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{B} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(7,4)} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(3,5)} &amp; \mc{1}{c|}{(0,6)}\\\cline{3-5} \end{tabular} \end{center} Find two elements that don't have a gcd in a subring of Gaussian integers a) There's a radially symmetric charge density $\rho(r)$ centered around the origin. Determine the dipolemoment of that charge density. b) Let $\rho(r)$ be an arbitrary charge density now. Under what circumstances does the dipole moment of the displaced charge density  $\rho '(\vec{r}) = \rho (\vec{r}-\vec{b})$ differ from the one not displaced at all.  Here were my ideas so far: a) Just thinking about the situation it has to be zero, right? I mean, since there's no real dipole. But how do I show that mathematically? I was thinking of just going like this (it may be wrong): Let the charge density be $\rho (r)=kr$, then we can get the charge q by integrating: $$q=4\pi \int_0^R kr\cdot r^2dr=\pi k R^4$$ I'm looking at the charge distribution as a spherical electron cloud with radius $R$. Then, since $p=qd$ and $d$ is zero because there are no two different charges the dipole moment is zero. Is that sufficient as an answer? b) I don't know how to approach this one. My guess is that its dipole moment is also zero because we're only looking at a displacement here. Anyone got any idea? I would appreciate any advice on this. Appending to an ObjectOutputStream How do we know photons have spin 1? As a new user on a site, what's the best way to ensure your question will be positively received? If cooking meat kills bacteria, and bacteria are responsible for problems with eating meat which has been left out, then why is it dangerous to eat meat which has been left out at room temperature and then thoroughly cooked?   mentions that "Even if the bacteria is dead, toxins can remain if the food was out too long, causing problems".  However, there's no further detail given.  Are these toxins as dangerous as the bacteria themselves?  How long does meat have to be left out to accumulate a dangerous level of toxins and thus be dangerous even if thoroughly cooked?  Are these toxins the reason for the usual guideline of keeping meat unrefrigerated for a maximum of 2 hours?  update  The revelation, courtesy of Aaronut, that e. coli is actually dangerous because of its toxins — which cannot be denatured at temperatures which will leave meat in an edible state — has pretty much answered this question.  And also given me further incentive to stop eating meat altogether :)  Our discussion (see the comments on hobodave's answer) has progressed into the realm of microbiology.  Some highlights from my ongoing research:  .  These seem to be the reason for the importance of keeping meat at a high temperature for a period of time.  .  This also provides fascinating insight into how bacteria evolved immunity to antibiotics.  Fungi. What are my options if I need to move a database from SQL Server 2012(32bit) to SQL Server 2005(64bit)?  I know I cannot:   restore a backup of the database on SQL Server 2005 detach &amp; attach   I know I can:   use import data wizard, and I tried it on one database, but it only moves data, and even that was troublesome as I needed to do a lot of work creating temp tables to maintain identity columns, recreating all FKs, indexes etc.    Is there an easier option?