For example the following suite: TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 From what I understand the SHA384 at the end is used to authenticate the message, which is exactly what MAC does, and the mode GCM already creates a MAC, then why is the cipher suite followed by SHA384?
According to specification, to create data that will be signed with server private key for CertificateVerify message, we need to concatenate 64 space characters, the string &quot;TLS 1.3, server CertificateVerify&quot;, null and the hash of all handshake messages to this point. During the handshake process, we choosing the cipher suite and signature scheme... So, if the cipher suite is, for example, TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 and the signature scheme is rsa_pss_rsae_sha256 (different hash algorithms), hash of which algorithm should be used as handshake hash in data to sign, SHA-384 or SHA-256?
Regarding running Watir scripts for UI Automation from Jenkins CI - How to hook up Jenkins and watir-automations Notation and the name choice for meet and join (in order theory) I have two simple questions:   From where do the names  come from? I don't see any intuition between those names in context of order theory. From where does the notation come? I have to admit, I always had an impression that notation we use is somewhat backwards... just take the look at the picture at the wikipedia!    I used this notation a lot of times and I have to admit that often I have to stop for a minute and convince myself that I'm indeed using it right. I'm hoping that learning a bit about origin and context of name choice and notation will make it easier. How do I install wine? Can someone please explain how I can install  in the following ways?   By using the package manager? By downloading and installing a pre-built package? Lightsabers are not made of light, nor have they anything to do with lasers (even if there are people who mistakenly refer to them as "laser swords").   Blaster bolts are also not lasers. They travel significantly slower than light, they travel even slower than ordinary bullets fired by gunpowder. (called slug throwers on the Star Wars universe)  Was there any use of lasers ever presented in the Star Wars universe, either as we use them today, or as weapons?  By laser I mean something which behaves like laser does, even if it's not called by that name in a movie or book. If something is called a laser (in the script or by fans) but clearly doesn't work like a laser (for example, it travels slowly, and in visible blocks) it doesn't count. What book has criminals wear a ring? I remember reading one of my father's books when I was younger.  It was about a guy who ended up getting in trouble with the law and was required to wear a ring that could not be removed and would shock the wearer any time they committed a crime (No matter how minor.)    The book was probably published in the early to mid 80s.  I thought the name of the book was 'The Ring', but I am unable to locate anything.  The cover had a car with a single wheel driving on a metal I-beam. Say I had  and I used  on something, could I respond to Cloudshift bringing the creature back into play with  or something similar? I looked up a few grammar-teaching websites (in Chinese language). The website says many people do not use the phrase "A xxx of" correctly because they do not identify the subject of the phrase correctly.   The website says phrases like "A range of; A high percentage of" is singular, while "a number of; a group of; a couple of; a total of" is plural.  Therefore according to the website, the correct sentences should be as follows.     A wide range of courses is available. ("A wide range" is the subject)      A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids is present   in the sample. ("A high percentage" is the subject)      A number/ group/ couple of people were killed in the earthquake.("people" is the subject )       A total of 230 employees were laid off. ("employees" is the subject)   I don't get the pattern here. All of this looks (or should I use "look"?) arbitrary to me. In fact I thought this phrase is supposed to be arbitrary and whether the phrase is plural or singular should depend on the the person's own judgment.   How do I identify the correct subject in the "A xxx of" phrase? Interpretation of ROC curve While all the Hobbits I can think of have a combination of first- and lastname (e.g., Bilbo Baggins, Peregrin Took, the Sackville-Baggins's,...), I can't think of any character* of another race that has a lastname:   Men seem to like to add a reference to their ancestors (e.g., Aragorn, Arathorn's son or Isildur's heir) Dwarves seem to like descriptive or honorary names (e.g., Thorin Oakenshield, Dain Ironfoot). They are not lastnames though, since they do not get passed on to descendants. Elves don't have a need for lastnames, since elvish names are unique. Some nevertheless seem to have an additive (e.g., Legolas Greenleaf). Likewise, I can't find any usage of lastnames among Ents, Eagles, Istari, Orcs, trolls,...   But why would a society that is quite rural and not a leader of modernization be the only one to use a modern naming system with first- and lastnames?  *Except for Tom Bombandil. But he is, well, "special". Given the Lie algebra, what is the systematic way to construct the matrix representation of the generators of the desired dimension? I ask this question here because it is the physicists for whom representation of groups is more important than mathematicians.   Let us, for example, take $SU(2)$ for concreteness. Starting from the generic parametrization of a $3\times 3$ unitary matrix $U$ with $\det U=1$, and using the formula of generators $$J^i=-i\Big(\frac{\partial U}{\partial \theta_i}\Big)_{\{\theta_i=0\}}$$ one can find the $3\times 3$ matrix representation of the generators.  However, I'm looking for something else.    Given the Lie algebra $[J^i, J^j]=i\epsilon^{ijk}J^k$, is there a way that one can explicitly construct (not by guess or trial) the $3\times 3$ representations of $\{J^i\}$? Will the same procedure apply to solve other Lie algebras appearing in physics such as that of $SO(3,1)$ (or $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$)? Possible Duplicate:          I am a little bit confused about asking a question:     Can you please tell me my next work?   or     Could you please tell me my next work?   Which is more correct? Definition of the $Q$ factor? According to Wikipedia, the  is defined as:  $$Q=2\pi\frac{\mathrm{energy \, \, stored}}{\mathrm{energy \, \,dissipated \, \, per \, \, cycle}}.$$  Here are my questions:   Does the energy dissipated per cycle assume that the amplitude is constant from one cycle to the next. Is it always calculated at the resonance frequency? If the answer to 2 is yes can you explain why for a forced oscillator system with a damping coefficient of $\gamma$ and natural frequency $\omega_o$ the quality factor is $Q=\omega_o/\gamma$ and not some more complicated expression involving the actual resonant frequency (which is not quite $\omega_o$  and is given by $$\omega_r=(\omega_0^2-\frac{\gamma^2}{2})^{\frac{1}{2}}$$ of the system? Is this just an approximation i.e. are we assuming that it resonates at $\omega_o$ but in fact the actual expression is a big more complicated?   Edit: With using the actual value of $\omega_r$ I get: $Q=(\omega_0^2-\frac{\gamma^2}{2})^{\frac{1}{2}}/\gamma$  is this more correct? The moderator agreement is visible at the following URL:       I acknowledge and agree that as a moderator for Stack Exchange Inc.      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Stack Exchange Inc. reserves the   right to terminate my privileges as a moderator at any time without   warning.   It hasn't been updated with the new company name and still refers to Stack Exchange Inc. instead of Stack Overflow (Inc.?). How to print a date in a regular format? If a warlock's invocation states that they can use a spell without a slot does that mean they can cast the spell as often as they want? On page 111 of the 5E hand book the invocations Misty Visions, Mask of Many Faces, Master of Myriad Forms, and Otherworldly Leap all they that you can cast them without expending a spell slot. Does this mean the spells essentially become cantrips and I can cast them as often as I want? Let $X$ be an arbitrary random variable  takes values in $\{0,1,2,...,10\}$. What are the minimum and  maximum values of variance of random variable $X$? Solution for A/C Condensate Drain Line that doesn't require emptying a bucket of water every day? Where does gravity get its energy from? I would like to know where gravity gets its energy to attract physical bodies?  I know that the law of conservation states that total energy of an isolated system cannot change. So gravity has to be getting its energy from somewhere, or else things like hydropower plants wouldn't be able to turn the power of the falling water into a spinning rotor.  Just to be clear, Lets create an example:  Lets say we have two objects with equal mass close to each other. So gravity does its job and it pulls each other closer, this gets turned into kinetic energy. This is where I'm lost. According to the law of conservation energy can't be created or destroyed and the kinetic energy comes from the gravitational pull so where does the gravitational pull gets its energy.  If that energy isn't being recycled from some where else then that means you have just created energy, therefore breaking the law of conservation. Let $t∈\Bbb N$ and let $x=6t+1, \:y=12t+1$ and $z=18t+1$. $x, y$ and $z$ are all primes and let $n=xyz$. Prove that  $a ^{n-1} \equiv 1 \pmod  n\;$ whenever $ a∈\Bbb Z$ and $\gcd(a,n) = 1$.  I have started using the Euler-Fermat Theorem since $\gcd(a,n)=1$. Giving $\phi (n)=(1296t^3) $ But unsure how to proceed? Georeferencing old map in QGIS? I have an old map over a part of Laos and wondering how do I georeference the map with the help of the Grid lines and other Longitude and Latitude information on the scanned map? I have searched for information on the internet and tried many times. My scanned map wont overly correctly on the base map. Any base map would be fine. As long as I can check the result.  Do I add X/East and Y/North values from the grid line crossings as marked and written in some parts of the map? How do I begin georeferencing this map? Do I have to add zeros after the two digits? For example if the Easting is 24 (its in KM right? Do I add like three/four zeros to convert it to meters?  I georeferenced the map with the option "From Map Canvas" in the georeferencer tool and I succeeded but I want to know the coordinate of a point on my old scanned map and write them as X/East and Y/North to georeference the map.   I hope I am not babbling and someone understands what I mean!  We can set the CRS to WGS84, EPSG:4326.