Ubuntu 16.04 unable to boot with GTX 1080
My computer boots to a black screen, what options do I have to fix it?
I was going through the topic "formation of comparative and superlative".       The rule says     When two objects are compared with each other, the latter term of comparison must exclude the former, as in "Iron is more useful than any other metal". If we say "Iron is more useful than any metal", that is the same thing as saying    "Iron is more useful than iron", since iron is itself a metal.   I am finding difficulty to relate the rule with example. My friend and i would like to translate Ubuntu. where should we start? where to find translation tools? Is it possible to change the Environment of a parent process in Python? In Linux When I invoke python from the shell it replicates its environment, and starts the python process. Therefore if I do something like the following:  import os os.environ["FOO"] = "A_Value"   When the python process returns, FOO, assuming it was undefined originally, will still be undefined. Is there a way for the python process (or any child process) to modify the environment of its parent process?  I know you typically solve this problem using something like  source script_name.sh   But this conflicts with other requirements I have. Suppose that you are given a polynomial $p(x)$ as a black box (i.e. some oracle, to which you feed $x$ and it returns $p(x)$). It is known that the coefficients of $p(x)$ are all positive integers. How do you determine what $p(x)$ is in the quickest way possible?  (There are 2 metrics for quickness: the number of calls to the oracle and total number of operations. The relationship between the two is not given so we try to minimize both.) Influence of charged particle's own electric field on itself I read this in my textbook: A charged particle or object is not affected by its own electric field.  Since I find this completely unintuitive and my mind is yelling "wrong! wrong! how could a particle even distinguish between its own field and the external fields?" I would really like to hear an explanation about why this is true, if it is.  (A corollary question that comes to my mind after thinking about this is... What about gravity and mass considering the analogous situation? And the other two forces?) In Clan Wars, what factors are used to determine the opponent clan? In the clan wars matchmaking, what criteria is used to determine the clan that you are fighting against? Is it based on Clan Total Points (i.e. trophies), or something else?  If you win many wars in a row, does this mean you will get harder opponents? This story had a researcher landing on an uncharted planet to see if it was any good for mining some type of mineral/metal.  Whilst there he encounters this type of ball that chases him all over the planet. He ends up finding this ball’s collection of other things it has caught including animals all the way back to the dinosaurs.  On the ball it has the writing '+/-7.  In the end it chases him for so long that he weighs too little for the balls 'collection'.  Any ideas greatly appreciated. How do I retrieve an HTML element's actual width and height? Suppose that I have a &lt;div&gt; that I wish to center in the browser's display (viewport). To do so, I need to calculate the width and height of the &lt;div&gt; element.   What should I use? Please include information on browser compatibility. Generate a random variable with a defined correlation to an existing variable(s) For a simulation study I have to generate random variables that show a predefined (population) correlation to an existing variable $Y$.  I looked into the R packages copula and CDVine which can produce random multivariate distributions with a given dependency structure. It is, however, not possible to fix one of the resulting variables to an existing variable.  Any ideas and links to existing functions are appreciated!  &nbsp;  Conclusion: Two valid answers came up, with different solutions:   An R  by caracal, which calculates a random variable with an exact (sample) correlation to a predefined variable An R  I found myself, which calculates a random variable with a defined population correlation to a predefined variable     [@ttnphns' addition: I took the liberty to expand the question title from single fixed variable case to arbitrary number of fixed variables; i.e. how to generate a variable having predefined corretation(s) with some fixed, existing variable(s)] Consider a block cipher with a key of size 128 bits but a small block size, say 32 bits.  Is this kind of block cipher secure?  I would like to know to what extent I can use a small block cipher, like a 32 bit block cipher. What are the constraints so that the use is acceptable in a real life application.  For instance, if we use a one-time key, that is, to encrypt only one message. Besides, the message could be small.  Suppose that when we want so send one file, we perform a key agreement so that we use the key for one message. This scenario is not efficient, but the CPA find-then-guess game is not adequate in this case. What is the maximum convergent $x$ in the power tower $x^{x^{x^{x\cdots}}}$? In the power tower $x^{x^{x^{x\cdots}}}$ where there is an infinite stack of $x$'s, what is the maximum convergent number? I know the answer by playing with the form $x^y=y$ and using Mathematica, but I don't know how to solve this by hand. How to reinstall Ubuntu keeping my data intact? I want to reinstall Ubuntu keeping my data intact. I have 160 GB hardrive (sata or pata I don't know but it's slim and made in China) with a 40 GB ext3 partition, a 4GB swap memory and 3 other partition with a FAT32 file system. I have around 4GB space on my drive where Linux is installed.  I'd like to keep the data intact, especially the Downloads folder, desktop, and /var/www; And I no longer have access to any other machines or external storage devices. In a  a doubt was voiced about my answer, which claims GCM to requires $2^{128}$ for a successful forgery. The doubt was that the square root needs to be taken meaning the security would be $2^{64}$.  So of course I immediately checked the relevant security theorem ():  $$\mathbf{Adv}^{\text{auth}}_{\operatorname{GCM}[\operatorname{Perm}(n),\tau]}(\mathcal A)\leq \frac{0.5(\sigma+q+q'+1)^2}{2^n}+\frac{q'(\ell_A+1)}{2^\tau}$$  with $\sigma$ being the total plaintext size in blocks, $q$ being the total number of encryption queries, $q'$ being the total number of decryption queries, $n$ being the size in bits of the underlying permutation, $\ell_A$ being maximum authenticated input length in blocks and $\tau$ being the tag size in bits.  Now clearly from this we can see that performing $2^{n/2}=2^{64}$ queries yields a strong enough advantage for a break.  Now my question is: When talking about "n-bits of security" or "needs $2^n$ operations to break", do we usually talk about "online" security, ie queries to an oracle can be done and cost $1$ or "offline" security where no oracles are available or do we need to make this decision depending on the situation?  TL;DR: Does GCM offer 64 or 128 bit security? Where are the save files in Skyrim? 3/4 circle with plus in it? If $f \in L_p \cap L_q$, $1 \leq p < r < q < \infty$ then $f \in L_r$. If $f \in L_p \cap L_q$ and $1 \leq p &lt; r &lt; q &lt; \infty$ then $f \in L_r$.   Proof: Let $E = \{ x \in X: \left\lvert f \right\rvert \leq 1 \}$. Then, $$\int \left\lvert f \right\rvert^r \mathrm{d}\mu = \int_E \left\lvert f \right\rvert^r \mathrm{d}\mu+\int_{E^C} \left\lvert f \right\rvert^r \mathrm{d}\mu \leq \int_E \left\lvert f \right\rvert^p \mathrm{d}\mu+\int_{E^C} \left\lvert f \right\rvert^q \mathrm{d}\mu$$ $$\leq \int \left\lvert f \right\rvert^p \mathrm{d}\mu+\int \left\lvert f \right\rvert^q \mathrm{d}\mu &lt; \infty.$$ Thus, $f \in L_r$.  I just want to make sure I am somehow not missing anything. Thanks Why does pizza cheese seem hotter than the crust? When I eat hot pizza or a melted cheese sandwich, the cheese feels a lot hotter than the crust or bread: in particular, the cheese might scald the roof of my mouth. but the crust will not. Is this   my imagination, or because the crust cools a little faster than the cheese, so has already cooled a bit by the time I eat it, or because the cheese cools a little faster than the crust, so transfers heat to the roof of my mouth a bit more, or what? Why I can't scan the WhatsApp QR? Why I can't scan the Whatsapp QR?   I reinstalled WhatsApp  I already have the WhatsApp Web Option  I put it to scan but it just doesn't scan it. I Installed a QR Scanner app and it works perfectly. I uninstalled the QR Scanner app to see if that was the issue and still doesn't work.   My phone is a Samsung Galaxy Ace. Reference - What does this regex mean? Odd behavor with POSIXct/POSIXlt and subsecond accuracy