I want the Super key to behave as a regular modifier key, just like Ctrl, Shift and Alt.  Currently, it doesn't.  Using the System Settings to set a shortcut like Super+Up will set the shortcut, but the shortcut will be unusable. Pressing Super+Up instead functions just like pressing a single Up. The Super modifier is ignored and the shortcut never gets activated. Likewise for shortcuts such as Super+W (i.e. it's like pressing an unmodified single W).  I've used CompizConfig to unbind all Unity-related shortcuts, but Super still behaves in this weird, special way.  How can I create keyboard shortcuts such as Super+W that work?
In 10.04, I had a lot of keyboard shortcuts defined using Super/Mod4 and one single other key,   Super+O ran Opera Super+W opened Nautilus pointing to my Work folder, etc.   In 11.04, these do not seem to work -- only Super+R works to run the terminal, and Super+Shift+W successfully runs Nautilus.  Is there some way I can get these to function again?  Adding them in Keyboard Shortcuts does not work, and neither does adding commands in CompizConfig Settings Manager.
Debug a java application without starting the JVM with debug arguments Normally to attach a debuger to a running jvm you would need start the jvm with arguments such as the following:  &gt; java -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,address=1000,server=y,suspend=n   Now if I want to debug a process that wasn't started in debug mode, what can I do?  This situation arrises when a production system (i.e. started without debug args) exhibits a 'random' (I use the term loosely) bug. So I can't restart the jvm with the appropriate arguments, because nobody knows how to reproduce the bug again. Is it impossible to attach to the JVM in this situation?  Just to clarify it is not possible to use tools like jdb to attach to already running JVMs unless they were started in debug mode  from the JVM man page     Another way to use jdb is by attaching it to a Java VM that is   already running. A VM that is to be   debugged with jdb must be started with   the following options: 'setenv' command not working on tcsh shell when called explicitly I can run setenv command just fine in my tcsh shell like this:  echo $0 /usr/bin/tcsh echo $SHELL /usr/bin/tcsh setenv START_TIME `date +%s` echo $START_TIME 1499355967   But, whenever I run it explicitly like shown below, it doesn't work. I need to do this because I have to specify shell when executing it via python subprocess call, otherwise it will call a sh shell as default.  /usr/bin/tcsh -i -f -c 'setenv START_TIME `date +%s`' echo $START_TIME START_TIME: Undefined variable.   What's the problem here? I searched for this issue online, but couldn't find any issue similar to this. This is extremely frustrating. Show that a finite cyclic group of order $n$ has exactly one subgroup of order $d$ dividing $n$ and these are all the subgroups it has My attempt  Note- Addition is under $mod$ $d$  Let $G = (a^0,a^1,a^2.....a^{n-1})$  $n=kd$  Let $H_d = (a^{0k},a^{1k},a^{2k}......a^{{(d-1)}k})$  For $a^{z_1k},a^{z_2k} \in H_d$  $a^{z_1k}a^{z_2k} = a^{{(z_1+z_2)}k} \in H_d$  $H_d$ is closed  For $a^{zk} \in H_d$  $a^{zk} (a^{zk})^{-1}=a^0$  $(a^{zk})^{-1} = (a^{-1})^{zk}$  Since $a^{-1}$ is $a^{n-1}$ we can rewrite it as   $(a^{zk})^{-1} = (a^{n-1})^{zk}=a^{z(n-1)k} \in H_d$  Since $(a^{zk})^{-1} \in H_d$ and $H_d$ is closed, $H_d$ is a subgroup.  I can easily prove the 3rd part by using Lagrange's theorem.  I have no idea how to prove that only $1$ subgroup of order $d$ exists. Maybe by proving that the elements of the $2$ groups have to be the same?  I would really appreciate if someone could verify my proof so far and give some hints to complete the proof. How to give an image or video a TV screen effect? Is it possible for a system to have negative potential energy? With respect to both gravity and electromagnetism, to the best of my understanding potential energy is added or subtracted from a system based on the distance between two objects such as charged or massive objects.  Would this then imply that when oppositely charged objects or two massive objects are brought together within a small enough radius that the drop in potential energy would be greater than the combined mass of the two objects making the net mass/energy of the system negative? UV mapping a straight image around a ring shaped flat mesh Is it possible to mapping a image around a ring shaped mesh? I would imagine there should be a way to curve/distort the image around the mesh. If not, how can I straighten out the mesh easily instead to fit the image? Set active image node with python There's any way to change it directly by Python, or there's any way to set by Python what node image is the active to display in viewport (Textured) and bake? Why are bash tests so picky about whitespace? As a primarily Java programmer, I find the bash if-then construct quite confusing, especially regarding whitespace. Can anyone explain why the first one works, but not the second or third?  #works if [ -n $1 ]; then echo "parameterized"; fi  #output: ./links: Zeile 1: [-n: Kommando nicht gefunden. if [-n $1 ]; then echo "parameterized"; fi  #output: ./links: Zeile 1: [: Fehlende `]' if [ -n $1]; then echo "parameterized"; fi Accessing localhost (xampp) from another computer over LAN network - how to? I have just set up a wi-fi network at home. I have all my files on my desktop computer (192.168.1.56) and want to access localhost over there from another computer (192.168.1.2).  On my desktop I can access localhost through the normal . Apache is running on port 80 as usual.  Exactly what do I have to do to achieve this? There is documentation on the net but they either don't work or are too fragment and confusing to understand.  I think I have to make changes to my apache's httpd.conf file and the hosts file. Any ideas as to what changes to make? I installed CCSM to enable window previews in Unity. But when I went into extras, there was no 'window preview' option.  So I tried experimenting with other options in Compiz and now there are no borders in the dialogue boxes (close, minimize, restore buttons are not there, I had enabled some 'flat....' option in Compiz.  Later, I uninstalled Compiz and then reinstalled it. Now it says      "Failed to load session Ubuntu"   I can't even access through the guest account, I am new to Ubuntu.(please explain in detail).  All I have access to is the login screen (it still shows my custom wallpaper). Please help, I don't want to lose my stuff. Get width of a given text as length Was it just coincidence that Tahir Mahmood went on stage? Is there anyway in a flex application to figure out (in runtime) when the running swf was compiled?  I'd like to compare this with the latest file version of the swf on the server and detect if there's a newer version on the server and if so force the user to reload their browser to get the new version.   I need this to also work with swfs from the cache. How can I explain to a non-native why the plural of a noun isn't used adjectivally? How can I explain to a non-native speaker that while this is correct:     The felling of trees.    And this is also correct:     tree felling   This is not:     *trees felling   To a non-native it seems very reasonable that since many trees are being felled and given that the felling of trees uses the plural, the inverse form would also use the plural and become trees felling.  To a native speaker such as myself, the latter is very obviously wrong, but I couldn't figure out how to formalize this into a rule that a non-native can understand. I am looking for a step by step instruction to guide me in the ways of installing, configuring and debugging many of the issues new users have when dealing with Wine in Ubuntu.  What is the recommended way of installing Wine, some of the key issues that it has and how to solve them?  If I have a specific problem with an App in Wine, how do I go about solving it? What are the recommended steps to ensure that I can fix a problem related to an app I wish to use? Playing a video in full screen after startup Interpretation of R's lm() output The help pages in R assume I know what those numbers mean, but I don't. I'm trying to really intuitively understand every number here. I will just post the output and comment on what I found out. There might (will) be mistakes, as I'll just write what I assume. Mainly I'd like to know what the t-value in the coefficients mean, and why they print the residual standard error.   Call: lm(formula = iris$Sepal.Width ~ iris$Petal.Width)  Residuals:      Min       1Q   Median       3Q      Max  -1.09907 -0.23626 -0.01064  0.23345  1.17532    This is a 5-point-summary of the residuals (their mean is always 0, right?). The numbers can be used (I'm guessing here) to quickly see if there are any big outliers. Also you can already see it here if the residuals are far from normally distributed (they should be normally distributed).  Coefficients:                  Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(&gt;|t|)     (Intercept)       3.30843    0.06210  53.278  &lt; 2e-16 *** iris$Petal.Width -0.20936    0.04374  -4.786 4.07e-06 *** --- Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1    Estimates $\hat{\beta_i}$, computed by least squares regression. Also, the standard error is $\sigma_{\beta_i}$. I'd like to know how this is calculated.  I have no idea where the t-value and the corresponding p-value come from. I know $\hat{\beta}$ should be normal distributed, but how is the t-value calculated?  Residual standard error: 0.407 on 148 degrees of freedom   $\sqrt{ \frac{1}{n-p} \epsilon^T\epsilon }$, I guess. But why do we calculate that, and what does it tell us?  Multiple R-squared: 0.134,  Adjusted R-squared: 0.1282    $ R^2 = \frac{s_\hat{y}^2}{s_y^2} $, which is $ \frac{\sum_{i=1}^n (\hat{y_i}-\bar{y})^2}{\sum_{i=1}^n (y_i-\bar{y})^2} $. The ratio is close to 1 if the points lie on a straight line, and 0 if they are random.  What is the adjusted R-squared?  F-statistic: 22.91 on 1 and 148 DF,  p-value: 4.073e-06    F and p for the whole model, not only for single $\beta_i$s as previous. The F value is $ \frac{s^2_{\hat{y}}}{\sum\epsilon_i} $. The bigger it grows, the more unlikely it is that the $\beta$'s do not have any effect at all. Why was the universe in an extraordinarily low-entropy state right after the big bang? Let me start by saying that I have no scientific background whatsoever. I am very interested in science though and I'm currently enjoying Brian Greene's The Fabric of the Cosmos. I'm at chapter 7 and so far I understand most of general ideas he has talked about. Or at least, I think I understand them :-)  There is however one part, at the end of chapter 6 that I can't grasp.  It is about entropy and the state of the universe a few minutes after the big bang.  On page 171 he says:     Our most refined theories of the origin of the universe -our most refined cosmological theories- tell us that by the time the universe was a couple of minutes old, it was filled with a nearly uniform hot gas composed of roughly 75 percent hydrogen, 23 percent helium, and small amounts of deuterium and lithium. The essential point is that this gas filling the universe had extraordinarily low entropy.   And on page 173-174:     We have now come to the place where the buck finally stops. The ultimate source of order, of low entropy, must be the big bang itself. In its earliest moments, rather than being filled with gargantuan containers of entropy such as black holes, as we would expect from probabilistic considerations, for some reason the nascent universe was filled with a hot,   uniform, gaseous mixture of hydrogen and helium. Although this configuration has high entropy when densities are so low that we can ignore gravity, the situation is otherwise when gravity can't be ignored; then, such a uniform gas has extremely low entropy. In comparison with black holes, the diffuse, nearly uniform gas was in an extraordinarily low-entropy state.   In the first part of the chapter Brian Greene explains the concept of entropy with tossing the 693 pages of War and Peace in the air.  At first, the pages are ordered. The specific order they are in make sense and are required to recognize the pages as a readable book called War and Peace. This is low entropy. It is very highly ordered and there is no chaos.  Now, when you throw the pages in the air, let them fall and then pick them up one by one and put them on top of each other, the chances you get the exact same order as the initial state are extremely small. The chance you get another order (no matter what order, just not the one from the beginning) is extremely big. When the pages are in the wrong order, there is high entropy and a high amount of chaos. The pages are not ordered and when they are not ordered you would not notice the difference between one unordered state and another one.  However, should you swap two pages in the ordered, low entropy version, you would notice the difference.  So I understand low entropy as a highly ordered state with low chaos in which a reordering of the elements would be noticeable.  I hope I'm still correct here :-)  Now, what I don't understand is how a uniform mixture of hydrogen and helium can by highly ordered? I'd say you wouldn't notice it if some particles traded places. I'd say that a uniform mixture is actually in a state of high entropy because you wouldn't notice it if you swapped some hydrogen atoms.  Brian Greene explains this would indeed be the case when gravity plays no important role, but that things change when gravity does play a role; and in the universe right after the big bang, gravity plays a big role.  Is that because a reordering of the particles would change the effects of gravity? Or is there something else that I'm missing here? I would like to set up an APT repository on a server that will provide a couple of packages.  Is there a way to set one up without installing any software on the server?  How do the files have to be organized?    Edit: I must be doing something wrong... can someone please help me? I have the repository at   I'm not sure where or what, but something's misconfigured. I only currently have one package and it's for all architectures.  Here's what's been added to my /etc/apt/sources.list:  deb http://quickmediasolutions.com/apt stable main Is the composition of two injective functions injective?