I'd like to have a conditional macro that emboldens symbols, using different commands depending on whether the argument is a math symbol or text.     Specifically, I'd like to use \bm for math symbols and \mathbf for alphanumeric characters.   Thus it would look something like  \def\vec#1{\ifthenelse{\ismathsymbol{#1}}{\bm{#1}}{\mathbf{#1}}   Problem is I don't know of a test such as \ismathsymbol.  Obviously, it would be just fine if there were a test for alphanumeric characters.  Thanks for any advice!
This is a follow-up to .  Suppose you want to denote vectors by upright bold letters; then \mathbf{u} works fine, except that if it's a Greek letter you have to use \boldsymbol{\omega} instead.  Question: Is it possible to define a generic vector command in LaTeX which automatically chooses between \mathbf and \boldsymbol, so that one can write just \vect{u} and \vect{\omega} without having to treat the Greek symbols specially by hand?  (Just to be clear: \newcommand{\vect}[1]{\boldsymbol{#1}} is no good in this situation, since \boldsymbol{u} gives bold italic instead of roman.)
Is the gravitational constant $G$ a fundamental universal constant? Proving the so-called "Well Ordering Principle" Is there anything wrong with the following proof?  Theorem. Every non-empty subset $B \subset\mathbb{N}$ has a least member.  Proof. Assume not. Then, of necessity, we'd have to have $B=\varnothing$, for if $B$ contained even one $b\in\mathbb{N}$, then that $b$ would satisfy $b=min(B). $ Contradiction, end proof.  I get the sense there is something wrong here, but I can't seem to define exactly what. Also, is there a context where one can simply take this principle as an axiom, and not have to prove it? After all, it is extremely intuitive. Thanks. I'm planning on re-watching the currently-released 5 Marvel films prior to seeing The Avengers.  Have Marvel released any sort of official viewing order?  Captain America: The First Avenger seems like the hardest one for me to place in order with the rest.  It takes place prior to the other films, but has the greatest number of references to the other films.  So should it be watched first, or last?  The rest of them are relatively clear, as they're chronological in the order they're released, with the possible exception of The Incredible Hulk and Iron Man 2 happening at the same time. How to reverse the pagination numbers of an archive? I have archive pages that each contain titles and excerpts from 10 blog entries. Both entries and archive pages are in reverse chronological order:   when a new blog entry is written its title and excerpt go to the top of the front page; when you are on one page and you click through to "Next page", you get the titles and excerpts for the 10 previous blog entries.   This is pretty standard for blogs.  But the archive pages are numbered by default in the same order. Thus Page 1 contains excerpts from the most recent 10 entries, Page 2 contains excerpts from the next 10 most recent, etc.  To be clear: at the moment, "Next page" refers to the page with the next higher number. Thus the front page, which contains excerpts from the most recent entry and the nine next most recent entries, is labelled Page 1, and the 10 entries posted before those 10 entries are on Page 2.  I need the page-numbering the other way round, namely in direct chronological order, so that for example if there are 97 entries then   entries 28-37 would be excerpted on Page 4, and the PREVIOUS page from there, containing excerpts from entries 18-27, would be called page 3.   How can I achieve this, whether by amending functions.php in the child theme (preferably), by writing a "Snippet" (next most preferred), or by amending archive.php in the Astra parent theme directly (least preferred, because of possible update problems)?  Edit  The following isn't a solution but it may be part of one. This re-numbers pages into direct chronological order, but unfortunately it also reverses the order in which they are shown (from reverse chronological to direct chronological). So it causes the front archive paget to contain excerpts from the earliest posts rather than the latest ones!  &lt;?php  add_filter('pre_get_posts', 'posts_by_forward_date');  function posts_by_forward_date($query) {   if(is_archive() || is_home()) {     $query-&gt;set('order', 'ASC');   } } ?&gt; Please refer the following questions asked elsewhere on this site:       I am a native Hindi speaker; Hindi has a plethora of terms referring to relationships. To take a trivial example, the term uncle may refer to father's elder brother, father's younger brother, mother's brothers, father's sister's husband, mother's sister's husband, all of which have specific addresses in Hindi.  I discussed the same with one of my teachers. She had the opinion that the development of language mirrors the cultural moorings of the society that uses the language. Now, since all of the above relationships have distinct status and reverence in the Hindi speaking society, that calls for different addresses. That may well not be the case in English speaking societies.  Is that correct? What other linguistic reasons may account for such a dearth of vocabulary in English in this area? When in many rooms, user's info goes off screen So, I wanted to check what low-number rooms are still active so I joined a bunch of rooms in the chat.  This is the result:    Bug also exists when expending rooms on the side:    Since the position is fixed I can't scroll down.  Proposed fix:  Only show the first 10 rooms, and show ... pointing to the user's profile for other rooms. Auto incrementing field based on groups within feature class? I am needing to auto increment a field based on groups within a feature class. I have 8 plots within a given polygon and I need to assign them an ID from 1-8 for each set of plots within each polygon. The polygon would have its own unique ID number to be used to group the plots.  I assume it would be an alteration of this:  rec=0 def autoIncrement():  global rec  pStart = 1   pInterval = 1   if (rec == 0):    rec = pStart   else:    rec = rec + pInterval   return rec Linux: clnt_create: RPC: Program not registered NFS mounts recently automatically got un-mounted. When I checked, the NFS service status it was shown to be running.  [root@hsluasrepo]# service nfs status rpc.svcgssd is stopped rpc.mountd (pid 4083) is running... nfsd (pid 4148 4147 4146 4145 4144 4143 4142 4141) is running... rpc.rquotad (pid 4079) is running...  [root@hsluasrepo]# service rpcbind status rpcbind (pid  4203) is running...  [root@hsluasrepo common]# rpcinfo -p 10.80.3.154    program vers proto   port  service     100000    4   tcp    111  portmapper     100000    3   tcp    111  portmapper     100000    2   tcp    111  portmapper     100000    4   udp    111  portmapper     100000    3   udp    111  portmapper     100000    2   udp    111  portmapper   But showmount output was showing an error.  [root@hsluasrepo ]# showmount -e 10.80.3.154 clnt_create: RPC: Program not registered   After restarting the NFS service, showmount output displayed the NFS server's export list.  Can anyone tell me the root cause of this issue and How to avoid this problem in future?  /var/log/messages:  Jul 7 03:22:01 hsluasrepo rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.10" x-pid="1188" x-info="rsyslog.com"] rsyslogd was HUPed Jul 7 03:22:02 hsluasrepo rhsmd: In order for Subscription Manager to provide your system with updates, your system must be registered with RHN. Please enter your Red Hat login to ensure your system is up-to-date. Jul 8 03:22:01 hsluasrepo rhsmd: In order for Subscription Manager to provide your system with updates, your system must be registered with RHN. Please enter your Red Hat login to ensure your system is up-to-date. Jul 8 16:36:55 hsluasrepo kernel: nfsd: last server has exited, flushing export cache Jul 8 16:36:55 hsluasrepo rpc.mountd[4083]: Caught signal 15, un-registering and exiting. Jul 8 16:36:55 hsluasrepo rpc.mountd[24463]: Version 1.2.3 starting Jul 8 16:36:55 hsluasrepo kernel: NFSD: Using /var/lib/nfs/v4recovery as the NFSv4 state recovery directory Jul 8 16:36:55 hsluasrepo kernel: NFSD: starting 90-second grace period Jul 8 16:37:32 hsluasrepo rpc.mountd[24463]: authenticated mount request from 10.60.5.208:1004 for /common/PROD (/common/PROD) Jul 8 16:38:09 hsluasrepo rpc.mountd[24463]: authenticated mount request from 10.60.5.181:869 for /common/PROD (/common/PROD)  Jul 8 16:38:43 hsluasrepo rpc.mountd[24463]: authenticated mount request from 10.60.5.180:825 for /common/PROD (/common/PROD) Jul 8 16:39:12 hsluasrepo rpc.mountd[24463]: authenticated mount request from 10.60.5.176:688 for /common/PROD (/common/PROD) When does a .com domain become available after it expires? (With status clientTransferProhibited) Long story short  I have two computers: a laptop and a desktop computer. Both have Windows 7 on them.  I buy the Windows 8 Pro upgrade. To see if it screws up anything, I install it on my laptop as a guinea pig. I intend to use Windows 8 for my main computer, my desktop, but I want to test it on the laptop, so I know I don’t risk losing access to my desktop and the data on it. I never use my laptop, and only used it, because it already has a Windows 7 installation on it.  The problem  At some point, I must have entered the license key on my laptop, because when I go to the activation screen on my desktop, I get this:    Uh-oh. I can’t use the key on my desktop. Now how the hell do I transfer the key from my laptop to my desktop computer?  Answers and suggestions so far  Let’s just say that I tried everything possible to get some answers on this matter. The best response I got from Microsoft is this:     To install Windows 8 on your desktop, do the following:         Uninstall Windows 8 on your laptop   Afterwards, install Windows 8 on your desktop   If it won’t activate, call product activation at (...)      I am not a fan of that last point. The error message does allude to such a solution, however:     If you’ve reinstalled Windows or made changes to your hardware recently, you may be able to use your current key.   The question  My main question is this: has anyone been in a similar situation, and if so, what did you do to resolve this?  Failing that, what is the proper way to   uninstall the Windows 8 installation on my laptop, and reinstall the Windows 8 installation on my desktop?   Ad 1  I have already tried using the “reset” feature on my laptop, but that only resulted in a new Windows 8 installation that was already activated. But which is the right way to uninstall the installation in a way that allows me to use the license key on the desktop computer?  Ad 2  Which is the proper way to reinstall the Windows 8 installation on my desktop computer? Why do I even have to reinstall it in the first place?  I won’t get around to do this, until my USB key with 3.0 support arrives in the mail, but it is going to be a while, until I find a assuaging response to the best way to go about this anyway. Can you explain the "Axiom of choice" in simple terms? Seems that I just proved $2=4$. Solving $x^{x^{x^{.^{.^.}}}}=2\Rightarrow x^2=2\Rightarrow x=\sqrt 2$.  Solving $x^{x^{x^{.^{.^.}}}}=4\Rightarrow x^4=4\Rightarrow x=\sqrt 2$.  Therefore, $\sqrt 2^{\sqrt 2^{\sqrt 2^{.^{.^.}}}}=2$ and $\sqrt 2^{\sqrt 2^{\sqrt 2^{.^{.^.}}}}=4\Rightarrow\bf{2=4}$.  What's happening!? Is there any difference between "color" and "colour"? What is the difference between color and colour? How do I write a short literal in C++? Very basic question: how do I write a short literal in C++?  I know the following:   2 is an int 2U is an unsigned int 2L is a long 2LL is a long long 2.0f is a float 2.0 is a double '\2' is a char.   But how would I write a short literal?  I tried 2S but that gives a compiler warning. Our admins deployed a new version of Notepad++ (version 6.3) on our machines, and this version is highlighting all changes done in a file by default. It does so by setting the background color of every modified line to a bright orange, which I find very distracting.  We  have dozens of plugins installed, but I double checked and we do not have the "Change Markers" plugin (which could be the culprit).  Any idea where I can disable this feature? Changing the highlight color could also be an option. If/When to move to secondary fermentation Digression from   What are the good rules of thumb for determining a. whether to use secondary fermentation at all and b. when to move from primary to secondary.  Preferably any rule of thumb should have both chemical and anecdotal rationale supporting it. After cruising through a lot of material online, and answers over here, my understanding of contravariant and covariant vectors are, in a finite-dimensional vector space, suppose we have a vector, which is contravariant to its basis. However, using the metric tensor, we can map this vector to a one form in the dual space, which acts as a vector space for this example. This one form, or covactor, varies similarly to the basis in our original vector space. However, the covectors have a different basis, which is the dual basis, and are expanded in terms of those. Here's where my confusion arises : Many diagrams over the internet give a geometric picture of the scenario, by claiming that contravariant components of an 'arrow' are found by drawing parallel lines along the axes, and checking where they intersect. Co-variant components could be found by sketching the perpendicular lines on these axes. So, these materials are treating covariant and contravariant as different representations of the same arrow, while I'm inclined to believe they are completely different. However, if we let go of rigour, in exchange for a 'more' geometric understanding, I think we are allowed to do this. The diagrams are usually of the form :  However, even if we assume that contravariant and covariant are different representations of the same object, this particular diagram still seems wrong to me. Particularly the locations of $x_1,x_2$. In this diagram, they are located on the span of the original basis. Shouldn't covector components be located on the span of the dual basis ? This diagram suggests to me, that co-variant components have the same basis, as the contravariant ones. Shouldn't the diagram look more like this ?  This second diagram seems to fit the concept better according to me. This is because the dual vector must be 'contravariant' with respect to the 'dual basis'. This means, their components must be found out by sketching parallel lines along the span of the dual basis. These lines intersect the original axis at a right angle, which is to be expected, as dual bases are orthogonal to the original bases. Moreover, this second picture can also show in a much better way, how scaling up of the original basis, scales down the 'contravariant components' and the 'dual basis', which in turn scales up the 'covariant' components.This shows that the components of the dual vector are covariant to the original basis. This is something that is not readily visible in the first diagram. So, am I correct in assuming this second 'geometrical' representation is correct ? I know this doesn't make much sense, because as the mathematicians said, that vectors are completely different from one forms, and one forms should be represented using the number of hyperplanes intercepted by our arrow. However, I've seen most course material refer to it in this way, and frankly it is easier to visualize. However, most of this material used the first picture. Can anyone point out my mistakes, if any, and tell me if the first picture is correct, or the second one ? Or in this case 'less-flawed'. I used the jQuery Form plugin for asynchronous form submission. For forms that contain files, it copies the form to a hidden iframe, submits it, and copies back the iframe's contents. The problem is that I can't figure out how to find what HTTP status code was returned by the server. For example, if the server returns 404, the data from the iframe will be copied as normal and treated as a regular response.  I've tried poking around in the iframe objects looking for some sort of status_code attribute, but haven't been able to find anything like that.    The $.ajax() function can't be used, because it does not support uploading files. The only way to asynchronously upload files that I know of is using the hidden iframe method. How can I know if a branch has been already merged into master? I have a git repository with multiple branches.   How can I know which branches are already merged into the master branch? Say I have a variable named choice it is equal to 2. How would I access the name of the variable? Something equivalent to  In [53]: namestr(choice) Out[53]: 'choice'   for use in making a dictionary. There's a good way to do this and I'm just missing it.  EDIT:  The reason to do this is thus. I am running some data analysis stuff where I call the program with multiple parameters that I would like to tweak, or not tweak, at runtime. I read in the parameters I used in the last run from a .config file formated as  filename no_sig_resonance.dat  mass_peak 700  choice 1,2,3   When prompted for values, the previously used is displayed and an empty string input will use the previously used value.  My question comes about because when it comes to writing the dictionary that these values have been scanned into. If a parameter is needed I run get_param which accesses the file and finds the parameter.   I think I will avoid the problem all together by reading the .config file once and producing a dictionary from that. I avoided that originally for... reasons I no longer remember. Perfect situation to update my code!