I have been assigned to do a job on a server but am unsure what dist is running. /proc/version tells me:  Linux version 2.6.18-194.26.1.el5.028stab079.2 (root@rhel5-build-x64) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #1 SMP Fri Dec 17 19:25:15 MSK 2010  so that makes me think Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 but then i try to install some package and find out that aptitude and apt-get are installed instead of yum. I thought aptitude and apt-get belonged to the debian world. So now I wonder, what distro is running on this server?
Is there a way to determine what version (distribution &amp; kernel version, I suppose) of Linux is running (from the command-line), that works on any Linux system?
biblatex: Full Citations in Footnotes on Every Page How can I create this sort of bibliography using biblatex, ie, bibliography at the footer of every page? Center figure that is wider than \textwidth I have a figure that is wider than the \textwidth of my document. (I don't want to change the \textwidth.) As a result, the leftmost part of the figure is flush with the left margin, while the rightmost part spills into the right margin too much. I'd like to center the figure, so that it will exceed the \textwidth equally on both sides. XIV pages in page counts? Why can't I define a static method in a Java interface? It seems like I'm doing something wrong when using foreach variables to indicate node numbers. The two foreach loops are anchoring the paths to the east of each node. Why does this happen?    \documentclass{article}  \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{backgrounds,fit,patterns,decorations.pathreplacing,calc}  \makeatletter \tikzset{   labelnode/.style={draw=none, fill=none, black},   latentnode/.style={draw, minimum width=5mm, shape=circle, ultra thick, black},   dagconn/.style={arrows=-&gt;, black, thick}, } \makeatother  \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]  \pgfmathsetmacro{\colgap}{1.6}  \pgfmathsetmacro{\rowgap}{1.3}   \node[labelnode] (x1) at (\colgap*0,\rowgap*1) {$X_1$};  \node[labelnode] (x2) at (\colgap*1,\rowgap*1) {$X_2$};  \node[labelnode] (x3) at (\colgap*2,\rowgap*1) {$X_3$};   \node[latentnode,blue] (x4) at (\colgap*0,\rowgap*0) {$X_4$};  \node[latentnode,red] (x5) at (\colgap*1,\rowgap*0) {$X_5$};  \node[labelnode] (x6) at (\colgap*2,\rowgap*0) {$X_6$};   \foreach \c in {1,...,2} {    \foreach \r in {1,...,2} {      \pgfmathsetmacro{\st}{(((\r-1)*3)+\c)}      \pgfmathsetmacro{\en}{\st+1}      \draw[dagconn] ([xshift=0.2cm]x\st) to ([xshift=-0.9cm]x\en);    }  }   \foreach \c in {1,...,3} {    \foreach \r in {1,...,1} {      \pgfmathsetmacro{\st}{((\r-1)*3)+\c}      \pgfmathsetmacro{\en}{\st+3}      \draw[dagconn] (x\st) to (x\en);    }  } \end{tikzpicture} \end{document} What is the translation of what's written below?  I think it may be the poem of the One Ring, but I'm not sure. Authenticate to Stack Exchange using GitHub I've seen sign in methods using  as an authentication provider, for example : (AWS Cloud9)        Is it possible to authenticate into Stack Exchange using this method? At the moment there's other methods such as OpenID, Google, Yahoo and Facebook, but it would be interesting to also have the GitHub authentication. Bootstrap Paradox in Interstellar Count the number occurrences of a character in a string Animation Blending Basics Say I have a framework with characters that can run and walk and of course, stand still.  Am I right in thinking that animation blending is the process of smoothly transitioning between these by generating dynamic animations at runtime?  If so, what is the basic theory of how this works, and how would I implement it? Natural examples of deformation retracts that are not strong deformation retracts The question  asks for examples of deformation retracts which are not strong deformation retracts. A comment is given refering the asker to Exercise 0.6 in Hatcher. (The description of this space also appears in , which is about this very same exercise.)  This space, however, seems to be constructed specifically for this purpose.     Are there any naturally occurring (by which I mean not constructed specifically for this purpose, arising in some other way) spaces that are deformation retracts but not strong deformation retracts?   The main reason for asking is that it doesn't seem very likely to me that one would stumble upon such a space at random, so I don't know what to watch out for. One can never be too careful. Let $D \subset \mathbb{C}$ be an open, connected set and let $\{ u_n \}$ be a sequence of harmonic functions with $u_n: D \longrightarrow (0, \infty)$. Show that if $u_n(z_0) \rightarrow 0$ for some $z_0 \in D$, then $u_n \rightarrow 0$ uniformly on compact subsets of $D$.  If you could offer a hint or a helpful question to get me started I'd appreciate it.   Progress: I now see why showing it for the unit disk suffices (any compact subset in $D$ can be covered by finitely many disks each which is contained in $D$). With Unix script, I'd like to add values in column 1 if text in column 2 is the same and print the sum.  I have a file that is:    7 GeneA 2 GeneB 6 GeneC 2 GeneB 9 GeneA   I want the output to look like:   16 GeneA 4  GeneB 6  GeneC   Thanks Can a ring of positive characteristic have infinite number of elements? In a LaTeX article, the math characters are more "curvy" than the text characters:  \documentclass[12pt]{article} \begin{document}  $x^2 + y^2 = z^2$ \end{document}     In a beamer presentation, the math characters do not have the same curves:  \documentclass{beamer} \begin{document} \begin{frame}  $x^2 + y^2 = z^2$ \end{frame} \end{document}     Question  How can I get the beamer math to look just like the article math?  I would prefer if the solution was a single line (that I could place at the top of my LaTeX file) as opposed to something that needs to appear next to every piece of math. Prove $f(x) = \sqrt x$ is uniformly continuous on $[0,\infty)$ I have seen a proof in   Below shows an alternative proof. Please correct me if im wrong.  Proof:  For any given $\varepsilon &gt;0$,  Let $\delta_1 = \frac{\varepsilon}{2}$, $\forall x,y \in [1,\infty)$ with $|x-y|&lt;\delta_1$  Since $|\sqrt x + \sqrt y|\geq2$  $$|\sqrt x - \sqrt y|  = \frac{|x-y|}{|\sqrt x+\sqrt y|} &lt; |x-y| &lt; \delta_1 = \frac{\varepsilon}{2}$$  Hence, $\sqrt x$ is uniformly continuous on $[1,\infty)$.  $\sqrt x$ is continuous on [0,1] , so $\sqrt x$ is uniformly continuous on [0,1].  So, there exist $\delta_2 &gt; 0$ such that $\forall x,y \in [0,1], |x-y|&lt;\delta_2$, $|\sqrt x -\sqrt y| &lt;\frac{\varepsilon}{2}$  Let $\delta = \min{(\delta_1,\delta_2)}$  $\forall x,y \in [0,\infty)$ with $|x-y|&lt;\delta$,  Case 1: $x,y \in [0,1]$ Proven above as $|x-y| &lt; \frac{\varepsilon}{2} &lt; \varepsilon$  Case 2: $x,y \in [1,\infty)$ Proven above as $|x-y| &lt; \frac{\varepsilon}{2} &lt; \varepsilon$  Case 3: $x \in [0,1] , y \in [1,\infty]$  $$|\sqrt x-\sqrt y| = |\sqrt x -1+1-\sqrt y| \leq |\sqrt x-1| + |\sqrt y -1| &lt; \frac{\varepsilon}{2} + \frac{\varepsilon}{2}= \varepsilon$$  by applying case 1 and case 2. Is `sudo pip install` still a broken practice? Hibernate: comparing current & previous record I want to compare the current value of an in-memory Hibernate entity with the value in the database:  HibernateSession sess = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession(); MyEntity newEntity = (MyEntity)sess.load(MyEntity.class, id); newEntity.setProperty("new value"); MyEntity oldEntity = (MyEntity)sess.load(MyEntity.class, id); // CODEBLOCK#1 evaluate differences between newEntity and oldEntity sess.update(newEntity);       In CODEBLOCK#1 I get that newEntity.getProperty()="new value" AND oldEntity.getProperty()="new value" (while I expected oldEntity.getProperty()="old value", of course). In fact the two objects are exactly the same in memory.  I messed around with HibernateSessionFactory.getSession().evict(newEntity) and attempted to set oldEntity=null to get rid of it (I need it only for the comparison):  HibernateSession sess = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession(); MyEntity newEntity = (MyEntity)sess.load(MyEntity.class, id); newEntity.setProperty("new value"); HibernateSessionFactory.getSession().evict(newEntity); MyEntity oldEntity = (MyEntity)sess.load(MyEntity.class, id); // CODEBLOCK#1 evaluate differences between newEntity and oldEntity oldEntity = null; sess.update(newEntity);   and now the two entities are distinct, but of course I get the dreaded org.hibernate.NonUniqueObjectException: a different object with the same identifier value was already associated with the session.  Any idea?  EDIT: I tried the double session strategy; I modified my HibernateSessionFactory to implement a map of session and then...  Session session1 = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession(SessionKeys.DEFAULT); Session session2 = HibernateSessionFactory.getSession(SessionKeys.ALTERNATE); Entity newEntity = (Entity)entity; newEntity.setNote("edited note"); Entity oldEntity = (Entity)session1.load(Entity.class, id);  System.out.println("NEW:" + newEntity.getNote()); System.out.println("OLD: " + oldEntity.getNote()); // HANGS HERE!!!  HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession(SessionKeys.ALTERNATE);   My unit test hangs while attempting to print the oldEntity note... :-( Generalized RBF Kernels There is the notion of Generalized RBF Kernels, for example in "Towards Optimal Bag-of-Features for Object Categorization and Semantic Video Retrieval" from Jiang (1) or in formula (2.72) in  (2).  They define: Gen. RBF Kernel: $e^{-pd(x,y)}$, where (1) says d can be any distance function and (2) requires it to be a metric.  I now have been wondering for a long time: Is a function defined by $e^{-pd(x,y)}$ where d is a metric always a Mercer's Kernel? I think in (2) it sounds like it, but if it were true, not many people know of it, since they are still looking to prove that $e^{-EMD(x,y)}$ is a kernel, where EMD = Earth Mover's Distance, which is a metric.  If its not a Mercer's Kernel - do you know of any counter example? .       The  has no sign of the user sharth The  also does not have any sign of related activity   I would like to know why the user's name is associated with the question. At least why their display name shows up as having modified the question timeline activity.  Possible reason that I can think of is that, .  Is this the reason?  Is there a way (for normal users), to look for such details, other than looking at the user activity and the question's revision history.