My table of contents has the following structure:  List of figures.........3 List of acronyms........4 Introduction............6 1 First Section.........7 2 Second Section........8   But I want it to have some vertical space between the "introduction" sections and the actual content, like this:  List of figures.........3 List of acronyms........4 Introduction............6  1 First Section.........7 2 Second Section........8   Does anyone know how to achieve that? I just found some snippets to change the space between the lines in general or for all sections, but nothing about how to change the vertical space just for a single line.
In a table of contents that has been generated with LaTeX's \tableofcontents command, I would like to add a vertical space before a Chapter item in the table of contents. One way that I have in my notes is to use  \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\vspace{10pt}}   at a desired location in the document so that this gets processed by \tableofcontents to include an appropriate vertical space in the table of contents. I have two questions:   Is the above the correct way to get a vertical space in a table of contents? Why is it necessary to use the \protect command here?   Thank you...
How to insert text into a root-owned file using sudo? How to delete all events on many dates all at once but not the whole Calendar in Google Calendar? How to delete all events on many dates all at once but not the whole Calendar in Google Calendar? I tried to click on a date that got an event to delete and dragged my mouse to 2 days after that date, but then I always see "create an Event". I thought I could press backspace or delete to delete all those events.  What I did so far = deleting event one by one :( Can't change mouse influence in proportional editing mode I press O and I see it change to Proportional Editing mode, but when I press G and mouse wheel down/up, or arrow keys down/up, it doesn't change the influence area.    And I am, I press G and then I tried to scroll to change influence, but it's not working.    Done this aswell and it's not working Erase Windows Vista to Install Ubuntu new here. I have an old E-machine which as Windows Vista on it and I want to erase the Windows Vista, and install Ubuntu on it instead, but I am not sure where to start. Can I first install Ubuntu, and THEN erase Windows Vista, or is there a more sure method? I appreciate your help. Working in Cycles.  Say I have a "disco ball" with a glossy shader. I'm pointing a spot light to it, and I'm trying to have the reflections of that light illuminate the diffuse material on the walls with the patterns from the ball.    I get this:    but I'd like to get something like:    For the illustration I placed a point light inside the ball an removed faces. But what I'd like to do is move the light around the ball so that the light reflected from it changes like it would do in real life.   Is that possible at this point?  EDIT:  Just for the record here's the image rendered in LuxRender (yet another program to learn...) I cannot mount Windows 8 partition disk on Ubuntu 12.10.  My Windows 8 is installed on "C" partition, and I have another "D" partition.  I can easily mount "D" partition, see files and make changes on them. Actually I also have a problem with this: when I copy a file from ubuntu to "D", I cannot see this file on Windows 8.  My main problem is when I try to mount "C" partition I get this:     Unable to mount 121 GB Volume   Error mounting /dev/sda3 at /media/furkan/06DEC78FDEC77589: Command-line `mount -t "ntfs" -o "uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=0077,fmask=0177" "/dev/sda3" "/media/furkan/06DEC78FDEC77589"' exited with non-zero exit status 14: Windows is hibernated, refused to mount.   Failed to mount '/dev/sda3': Operation not permitted   The NTFS partition is hibernated. Please resume and shutdown Windows   properly, or mount the volume read-only with the 'ro' mount option, or   mount the volume read-write with the 'remove_hiberfile' mount option.   For example type on the command line:           mount -t ntfs-3g -o remove_hiberfile /dev/sda3 /media/furkan/06DEC78FDEC77589 horizontal alignment of dot over hat over bold greek letter! For some strange reason, this:   \hat{\dot{\bm{\phi}}}   prints the dot and the hat slightly off the left of the phi letter. Any ideas if this can be fixed? thanks. Using bm package for bold symbols. Pressure variation in a sound wave Presentation $\langle x,y,z\mid xyx^{-1}y^{-2},yzy^{-1}z^{-2},zxz^{-1}x^{-2}\rangle$ of group equal to trivial group Problem: Show that the group given by the presentation $$\langle x,y,z  \mid xyx^{-1}y^{-2}\, , \, yzy^{-1}z^{-2}\, , \, zxz^{-1}x^{-2} \rangle $$ is equivalent to the trivial group.   I have tried all sorts of manners to try to show that the relations given by the presentation above imply that $x=y=z=e$. However, I am stuck and would appreciate any hints as to how I should move forward. Dynamic trigger creation from managed package I have a requirement to create triggers dynamically after a managed package is installed. I have read that the tooling API can be used to create triggers dynamically however it cannot be used in production. Is it possible to create triggers from a managed package in an org? I want to be able to create the trigger based on some user inputs. I'm wanting to use Xen Hypervisor to be able to run both Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7 at the same time using virtualization. I can find plenty of XCP tutorials but I'm not looking to install the cloud stack, I just want the server confined to my machine.  All I need is a link to a decent tutorial for this purpose. I've read a ton of articles that lead me to believe I'm on the right track, but not enough to feel comfortable getting it right if I just dive in. I'm getting caught up on whether I need to install Ubuntu and then install Xen into it, or do I need to install Xen on a small partition and then leave the rest of the hard drive open for the virtualization... I dunno.  Basically, I need the virtualization of Windows 7 for Adobe Premiere and After Effects (until Lightworks for Linux comes out and I can afford NUKEX). If I didn't need those, I'd be rocking out a straight up Ubuntu machine or just using VirtualBox for my virtualization. However, I need Windows to run as an HVM so it runs like I would expect rather than having the issues I may run into with VirtualBox (video drivers, etc).  So, any suggestions? Matrix Group induction proof and order of elements question $H$ is the set of the matrices $A$ of the form $$A= \begin{pmatrix} \cos(\theta) &amp; \sin (\theta) \\ -\sin (\theta) &amp; \cos (\theta)\end{pmatrix}$$  where $0\leq \theta &lt; 2\pi$  is a group with respect to matrix multiplication.  Question part (1) Prove by induction that  for any $\theta$ and any positive integer $n$,  $$\begin{pmatrix} \cos(\theta) &amp; \sin (\theta) \\ -\sin (\theta) &amp; \cos (\theta)\end{pmatrix}^{n} = \begin{pmatrix} \cos(n\theta) &amp; \sin (n\theta) \\ -\sin (n\theta) &amp; \cos (n\theta)\end{pmatrix}$$   When $n =1$ we have $$\begin{pmatrix} \cos(\theta) &amp; \sin (\theta) \\ -\sin (\theta) &amp; \cos (\theta)\end{pmatrix}^{1} = \begin{pmatrix} \cos(\theta) &amp; \sin (\theta) \\ -\sin (\theta) &amp; \cos (\theta)\end{pmatrix}$$   and clearly this holds for the base case.   Now I'm going to assume true when $n=k$ and try and prove for $k+1$. So we have   $$\begin{pmatrix} \cos(\theta) &amp; \sin (\theta) \\ -\sin (\theta) &amp; \cos (\theta)\end{pmatrix}^{k}\begin{pmatrix} \cos(\theta) &amp; \sin (\theta) \\ -\sin (\theta) &amp; \cos (\theta)\end{pmatrix}^{1} = \begin{pmatrix} \cos(k\theta + \theta) &amp; \sin (k\theta + \theta) \\ -\sin (k\theta + \theta) &amp; \cos (k\theta + \theta)\end{pmatrix}$$   Now I'm sure I can cheese this, but is there some clever way to pull this apart? I want to just be able to say something like the determinant of the left side is $1^{k+1}$ and its the same on the right ...  Question part (2) Find an element of $H$ of order 5.  Here I'm totally lost, I seem to think that every element is of order 1 cause the determinant is 1.  Question part (3) Find an element of $H$ of infinite order.  Again I'm lost; I want to somehow make the determinant 0 for this but it can never be 0 for any $\theta$. Ubuntu does not offers me "install alongside Windows" Any of the partitions makes in Windows was not recognised by Ubuntu, or Zorin OS, or LinuxMint. It's like a blank hard disc, 250 gb free. I'm a new Linux user, but what confuses me is that I was able to install Ubuntu alongside Windows on my laptop with no problems, but on PC... no way! What's the canonical way to check for type in Python? Professionals: Would you choose GIMP over Photoshop and/or Inkscape over Illustrator? Overriding "+=" in Python? (__iadd__() method) Writing comments in QGIS Graphical Modeler I want to explain my model step by step so anyone can easely understand what's going on. So, is it possible to write comments in the QGIS's Graphical Modeler? How do I make a 2D game resolution independent? I'm working on a simple 2D game. I've finished the mobile phone version.  However, my boss wants the game to works on his RT. I'm doing the "conversion" but my buttons are in the wrong places, because I hard-coded the screen size, like this:   texture = game.Content.Load&lt;Texture2D&gt;("StartScreen");  mainFrame = new Rectangle(0, 0, game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width, game.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height);   // button definitions  startbrect = new Rectangle(300, 258, 88, 88);  startbtext = game.Content.Load&lt;Texture2D&gt;("bplay");   In this example, mainframe is fine, but startbrect isn't, because I defined the size to match a Windows phone's screen. How can I handle responsive design when all Windows 8 phones' screens are different? Is there a formula or macro to calculate each time the good size? "No root filesystem is defined" while installing Ubuntu I have just got a new laptop, It is running Windows 7 Home Premium.  I have shrunk the windows partition to give me some empty space and now I want to install ubuntu.  From Windows my partitions look like:   So now in the ubuntu live cd If I hit install and go manual the partitioner looks like   So I thought I could just select the empty space and be away laughing, but when I hit it I get How do I convert Word smart quotes and em dashes in a string?