I have a druid with the ability to cast level 5 spells. If I multi-class this druid to be a level 1 cleric, In theory, I should be able to read and use any cleric scrolls. But in the DMG (page 200) it says  If the spell is on your class's spell list but of a higher level than you can normally cast, you must make an ability check using your spellcasting ability to determine whether you cast it successfully. The DC equals 10 + spell's level. On a failed check, the spell disappears from the scroll with no other effect.  Now here is the conundrum, If I were to use a level 5 cleric scroll (like ) Since I can normally cast level 5 spells, (even some cleric spells because of my druid circle) Would I have to make this check because I am a level 1 cleric, or do the rules mean what they literally say here, that as long as the spell is not above a level which I can normally cast, I do not have to make the check. Is there a further clarifying rule about this I am missing or is this just something inherently vague that the DM would have to decide?
I am aware that, to use a Spell Scroll, you must have the related spell on (at least one of) your spell list(s). Then, if you have the spell slot to cast it, you succeed automatically; else, you must make an ability check in order to cast it (failure resulting in the scroll being wasted).  Consider this example : A Cleric 5 / Wizard 4 finds a Raise Dead Spell Scroll. The spell is on the Cleric List, but is a fifth level spell. Considering that the cleric-wizard has fifth level slots, but can only pick up to third level cleric spells, would he have to make the ability check to successfully cast the Raise Dead in the Spell Scroll, or would he succeed automatically ?
Why was M87 targeted for the Event Horizon Telescope instead of Sagittarius A*? The first image of a black hole has been released today, April 10th, 2019. The team targeted .  Why didn't the team target  at the center of our own galaxy? Intuitively, it would seem to be a better target as it is closer to us. Let's say I have a document that has many pages and some pages have different formats. For example, most of the pages are fine with \documentclass{article} but there may be pages in the middle that I want to be \documentclass{letter}. I want my letter pages to be numbered inline with the other pages and have them show up in the Table of Contents.   Is it possible to change the class used for an individual or range of pages while still keeping things like page numbering consistent across them?   EDIT I'm trying to create a "welcome to the company" sort of document that has a cover page, table of contents, welcome letter, then various sections of information. I've never tried this in anything other than a word processor where it's easy to set "master pages" or "template pages" for individual pages in the document. So I could use a letterhead template page for the welcome letter part and a standard article-type template for the rest and still have the letter numbered/referenced in the ToC.   So the idea was to take advantage of the classes written, if possible, rather than have to format a single page by hand differently from the rest. Shapefile: "table1.shp"   Field name: "Name" Field name: "Result"   Flat file: "referenceTable"   Field name: "STREET" Field name: "AKA"   I need to compare the value "Name" in "table1.shp" to the value "STREET" in "referenceTable"  If the values are the same then put the "AKA" value into the "Result" in "table1.shp"     Here is my code.  I got stuck on accessing the elements from the array  import arcpy, os, sys, string from array import *   table1 = "G:\\xStreetNew\\table1.shp" table1_column = ['Name', 'Result'] referenceTable = "G:\\xStreetNew\\Test.gdb\\referenceTable" referenceTable_column = ['STREET', 'AKA']  referenceTable_List = [] with arcpy.da.SearchCursor(referenceTable, referenceTable_column) as rCur: for r_row in rCur:     reference_row = r_row[0].split(",")     referenceTable_List.insert(0,reference_row) ##print sorted(referenceTable_List)  Table1_Update_Cursor = arcpy.da.UpdateCursor(table1, "Name") for row in Table1_Update_Cursor:   if row[0] == None:   row[0] = row[0] else:   row[0] = row[0].replace(";",",")   Table1_Update_Cursor.updateRow(row)  table1_List = [] with arcpy.da.SearchCursor(table1, table1_column) as tCur: for t_row in tCur:     row = t_row[0].split(",")     table1_List.insert(0,row) ##print sorted(table1_List)  Table1_row = len(table1_List) Table1_column = len([table1_List]) ref_row = len(referenceTable_List) for i in range(0,Table1_row):  #Table Row   for ii in range(0,Table1_column):   #Table Column     print table1_List[i][ii]   Below was my old post.  Sorry for the confusion.  I have a shapefile named "table1.shp".     I would like to get all values from fielname "Name" from this table and put them into a list. Able to output each element from the list     So far, I'm able to create a list but not too sure how to get to value "AVENUE 33" or "CHAPMAN ST"  This is my code:  import arcpy, os, sys, string from array import *   table1 = "G:\\xStreetNew\\table1.shp" referenceTable = "G:\\xStreetNew\\Test.gdb\\referenceTable" cursor = arcpy.da.UpdateCursor(table1, "Name") for row in cursor: if row[0] == None:     row[0] = row[0] else:     row[0] = row[0].replace(";",",") cursor.updateRow(row) table1_column = ['Name'] table1_curObj = arcpy.da.SearchCursor(table1, table1_column) table1_List = [] for row in table1_curObj:    table1_row = row[0].split(",")    table1_List.insert(0,table1_row)    print table1_List[0] Show that $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_n)$ is Galois over $\mathbb{Q}$ and $Gal(\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_n)/\mathbb{Q}))\cong \mathbb{Z_n}^*$ Question 1: For $n \in \mathbb{N}$ explain why $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_n)$ is Galois over $\mathbb{Q}$   We must show that it is normal and separable.   $\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_n)/\mathbb{Q}$ is normal since it is a splitting field for $X^n-1 \in\mathbb{Q}[X]$ (I think... Is this correct?).  It is separable because it is of characteristic $0$  Question 2: $Gal(\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_n)/\mathbb{Q}))\cong \mathbb{Z_n}^*$  Is this because the primitive nth root of unity $\zeta_n$ acts as a generator for a cyclic group? I am unable to fill out a decent proof on this.   Thanks for your help How to get a record from within custom visualforce page? Prove that for all integers $n$, $n \geq 1$,   $$1 + 3 + 5 + \cdots + (2n - 1) = n\cdot n$$   How would I go about proving this? How do I center text horizontally and vertically in a TextView? I have a generic method with this (dummy) code (yes I'm aware IList has predicates, but my code is not using IList but some other collection, anyway this is irrelevant for the question...)  static T FindThing&lt;T&gt;(IList collection, int id) where T : IThing, new() {     foreach T thing in collecion     {         if (thing.Id == id)             return thing;     }     return null;  // ERROR: Cannot convert null to type parameter 'T' because it could be a value type. Consider using 'default(T)' instead. }   This gives me a build error      "Cannot convert null to type parameter   'T' because it could be a value type.   Consider using 'default(T)' instead."   Can I avoid this error? Why does a light object appear lighter in your peripheral vision when it's dark? So, I am not sure I can reproduce it via images, but the steps are:  1) At night, open a window and have a look at the surface of the earth  2) Suppose there's an object that reflects a tiny amount of light  3) When you actually try to focus your eyes at this object, you either don't see anything (depends on the amount of light it reflects) or you can hardly see it  4) When you focus your eyes on something that is 3-10 metres away, you can easily see this object with your ambient vision. Not the details, but it seems that it reflects more light.   Why does it happen? Problem:  Ajax suggest-search on [n] ingredients in recipes. That is: match recipes against multiple ingredients.  For instance: SELECT Recipes using "flower", "salt" would produce: "Pizza", "Bread", "Saltwater" and so forth.  Tables:  Ingredients [     IngredientsID INT [PK],     IngredientsName VARCHAR ]  Recipes [     RecipesID INT [PK],     RecipesName VARCHAR ]  IngredientsRecipes [     IngredientsRecipesID INT [PK],     IngredientsID INT,     RecipesID INT ]   Query:  SELECT     Recipes.RecipesID,     Recipes.RecipesName,     Ingredients.IngredientsID,     Ingredients.IngredientsName FROM     IngredientsRecipes      INNER JOIN Ingredients     ON IngredientsRecipes.IngredientsID = Ingredients.IngredientsID      INNER JOIN Recipes     ON IngredientsRecipes.RecipesID = Recipes.RecipesID WHERE     Ingredients.IngredientsName IN ('salt', 'water', 'flower')   I am currently constructing my query using ASP.NET C# because of the dynamic nature of the WHERE clause.  I bites that I have to construct the query in my code-layer instead of using a stored procedure/pure SQL, which in theory should be much faster.  Have you guys got any thoughts on how I would move all of the logic from my code-layer to pure SQL, or at least how I can optimize the performance of what I'm doing?  I am thinking along the lines of temporary tables:  Step one: SELECT IngredientsID FROM Ingredients and INSERT INTO temp-table  Step two: SELECT RecipesName FROM Recipes joined with IngredientsRecipes joined with temp-table.IngredientsID Example images in LaTeX? How to make an example image in LaTeX, a dummy image, a spot holder? I have seen it before, but I can't remember how they would made. It would be nice to be able to use example images - if you should help anyone or you need to question in this community. You might say I could , but I tried - and are obviously too stupid to find anything.  \documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[ngerman, danish]{babel} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} %\usepackage[]{}  \begin{document}  \iffalse \begin{figure} \includegraphics[scale=1]{•}  \end{figure} \fi  \end{document}   Is it also possible to resize the example image? So I need a usepackage to make an image without including an immage. An placeholder so anyone can try my code without needing images - just needing my tex-code. I hope you understand?  Kind regards! A Particular Two-Variable System in a Group Suppose $a$ and $b$ are elements of a group $G$. If $a^{-1}b^{2}a=b^{3}$ and $b^{-1}a^{2}b=a^{3}$, prove $a=e=b$.   I've been trying to prove but still inconclusive. Please prove to me.  Thanks very much for proof. No homomorphism from $Z_{16}\oplus Z_{2}$ onto $Z_{4}\oplus Z_{4}$. For some reasons, homomorphism is a very hard area for me to make improvements. I've been hitting the brick wall for almost 2 hours.   Prove that no homomorphism exists from $Z_{16}\oplus Z_2$ onto $Z_4\oplus Z_4$.  Assume a homomorphism $\phi$ exists from $Z_{16}\oplus Z_2$ onto $Z_4\oplus Z_4$. Then $\phi$ is an isomorphism.  Note that the $\left | \ker \phi \right |=2$ The $\ker \phi$ is also a normal subgroup for $Z_{16}\oplus Z_{2}$. We want possible normal subgroup of order 2. I.e., 2 elements in each normal subgroups.  By Lagrange's theorem, the order of each element in a group divides the order of a group so the possible order of the elements are 1 or 2. If the elements has order 1, then the Ker \phi cannot have 2 elements.  Hence, $\ker\phi$ = $\left \{ (0,0),(8,0) \right \}$ ,$\left \{ (0,0),(0,8) \right \}$,$\left \{ (0,0),(8,1) \right \}$, possibly.  By the First isomorphism theorem:  $\phi: Z_{16}\oplus Z_2 \rightarrow Z_2\oplus Z_2$  $\Psi: G/\ker \phi \rightarrow \phi\left ( Z_16\oplus Z_2 \right )=Z_2\oplus Z_2$  $g\ker \phi  \mapsto \phi(g)=\Psi(g\ker \phi)$  Any help is appreciated.  Edit: I know that $(2,0)$ has order $8$ in $Z_{16}\oplus Z_{2}$ but any elements in $Z_{4}\oplus Z_{4}$ does not have order $8$ which would have solved the question at the outset. But I would like a different route. What are the zero divisors of $C[0,1]$? Suppose you have a ring $(C[0,1],+,\cdot,0,1)$ of continuous real valued functions on $[0,1]$, with addition defined as $(f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x)$ and multiplication defined as $(fg)(x)=f(x)g(x)$. I'm curious what the zero divisors are.  My hunch is that the zero divisors are precisely the functions whose zero set contains an open interval. My thinking is that if $f$ is a function which is at least zero on an open interval $(a,b)$, then there exists some function which is nonzero on $(a,b)$, but zero everywhere else on $[0,1]\setminus(a,b)$. Conversely, if $f$ is not zero on any open interval, then every zero is isolated in a sense. But if $fg=0$ for some $g$, then $g$ is zero everywhere except these isolated points, but continuity would imply that it is also zero at the zeros of $f$, but then $g=0$, so $f$ is not a zero divisor.   I have a hard time stating this formally though, since I'm only studying algebra, and not analysis. Is this intuition correct, and if so, how could it be rigorously expressed? Does the Rule of Two Serve any Actual Purpose? I know Darth Bane came up with the Rule of Two to ensure the survival of the Sith, but, in reality (or in the Star Wars reality), does it (or any Sith rule) serve a true purpose?  And why does each successive Sith bother with it?  Due to the nature of the Sith, Sith Lords tend toward arrogance and self-importance.  Both the Sith master and Sith apprentice seem to regularly break the rule by training others.  Deceit and personal interest over loyalty is a way of life for the Sith.  What is to keep any Sith from following the Rule of Two (or any rule, for that matter) if it is against their own self interest?  If a Sith Master can stay in power longer by training a 2nd apprentice and pitting the two against each other, is he really going to worry about the Rule of Two more than his own plans and survival?  The Rule of Two also assumes that every Sith Master would place the survival of the Sith over his own survival, as opposed to attempting to ensure his own immortality in whatever way he could (like Plagueis).  When you have a group that, by default, is arrogant and self-serving, as well as deceptive, why would they want the Sith to survive themselves?  I can see how the Rule of Two, and any other Sith beliefs would be possible guidelines, but it terms of the nature of ambitious people (and the Sith are ambitious), it's hard to believe that each new Sith Master would follow this rule faithfully.  So does this rule, or any Sith rule, actually work?  Or is it more of a suggestion that is broken when convenient? In the 1960s I read book--an older children's book, I think--which I loved, and still remember, roughly.  I have no idea what the title is or who the author is, and I'm wondering if anyone knows this one:  Scientists had invented a device which they didn't fully understand, and which had puzzling effects.  For example, when a pencil was put into the machine, it disappeared, and then reappeared inside out: The lead was on the outside.  When people went into the machine, they came back dead, having died from fright.  Finally they sent a very open-minded person into the machine.  She was an artist, I think.  She was able to return alive, and described an alternate universe in which geometry was very different.  I distinctly remember that there were supposedly square triangles or four-sided triangles--or was it three-sided squares?  (This is, of course, a literally contradictory claim, but I didn't see the matter as clearly then.)  Thanks! I'm about to fly from Istanbul to Seoul and I have a useful amount of Turkish Lira (TRY) left but I don't have any South Korean Won (KRW) to pay for the metro to my hostel when I get there.  Several times in the past I've ended up being stuck with currencies that are very difficult to exchange in the country I've arrived in.  Can I buy KRW at the airport in Istanbul?  (I've also asked , since Stack Exchange questions are meant more for the long tail than just for the original asker.) Show if a user is online, idle, or offline on their account page? I want to display the status of the user on the account page. I added the following code in the theme I am using. It works, but users are never displayed offline. Why? What is wrong in the code? user.html.twig &lt;div class=&quot;bs-field-status&quot;&gt;   {% if status == 'Online' %}     &lt;i class=&quot;user-online fa fa-circle fa-lg&quot;&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Online   {% elseif status == 'Absent' %}     &lt;i class=&quot;user-absent fa fa-circle fa-lg&quot;&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Absent   {% else %}     &lt;i class=&quot;user-offline fa fa-circle fa-lg&quot;&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Offline   {% endif %} &lt;/div&gt;  bootstrap_subtheme_front_office.theme &lt;?php /**  * @file  * Bootstrap sub-theme.  *  * Place your custom PHP code in this file.  */  use Drupal\Core\Database\Database;  /**  * Implements hook_entity_presave().  */ function bootstrap_subtheme_front_office_preprocess_user(&amp;$variables) {   // get user object   $user = $variables['elements']['#user'];   //- The user has logged in at least once   if ($user-&gt;getLastLoginTime()) {     if (account_is_logged_in_less_then_thirty_minutes($user-&gt;id())) {       $status = 'Online';     }     else {       $status = 'Absent';     }   }   else {     $status = 'Offline';   }   $variables['status'] = $status; }  /**  * @param $uid  *  * @return bool  */ function account_is_logged_in_less_then_thirty_minutes($uid) {   $connection = Database::getConnection();   $query = $connection-&gt;select('sessions', 'sessions')     -&gt;fields('sessions', ['sid', 'uid', 'timestamp'])     -&gt;condition('sessions.uid', $uid, '=')     //- chef if the user was online in 30 minutes (60 * 30)     -&gt;condition('sessions.timestamp', \Drupal::time()         -&gt;getRequestTime() - (60 * 30), '&gt;')     -&gt;execute();   //- Get result.   $results = $query-&gt;fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_OBJ);   return (count($results) &gt; 0) ? TRUE : FALSE; } How is Mono magical? I'm learning C#, so I made a little C# program that says Hello, World!, then compiled it with mono-csc and ran it with mono:  $ mono-csc Hello.cs $ mono Hello.exe Hello, World!   I noticed that when I hit TAB in bash, Hello.exe was marked executable. Indeed, it runs by just a shell loading the filename!   Hello.exe is not an ELF file with a funny file extension:  $ readelf -a Hello.exe readelf: Error: Not an ELF file - it has the wrong magic bytes at the start $ xxd Hello.exe | head -n1 00000000: 4d5a 9000 0300 0000 0400 0000 ffff 0000  MZ..............   MZ means it's a Microsoft Windows statically linked executable. Drop it onto a Windows box, and it will (should) run.  I have wine installed, but wine, being a compatibility layer for Windows apps, takes about 5x as long to run Hello.exe as mono and executing it directly do, so it's not wine that runs it.  I'm assuming there's some mono kernel module installed with mono that intercepts the exec syscall/s, or catches binaries that begin with 4D 5A, but lsmod | grep mono and friends return an error.   What's going on here, and how does the kernel know that this executable is special?    Just for proof it's not my shell working magic, I used  (aka sh) to run it and it still runs natively.    Here's the program in full, since a commenter was curious:  using System;  class Hello {   /// &lt;summary&gt;   ///   The main entry point for the application   /// &lt;/summary&gt;   [STAThread]   public static void Main(string[] args) {     System.Console.Write("Hello, World!\n");   } } Changed permissions of / to user