Trying to upgrade 16.04 to 18.04 (following  article) and having problem that seems to be related to packages not being upgraded, yet when trying to upgrade the packages am told that those packages cannot be upgraded. Upgrade attempt logs provided below, but not sure the best way to interpret the problem from them. Any advice would be appreciated.  ➜  ~ /usr/lib/ubuntu-release-upgrader/check-new-release-gtk /usr/lib/ubuntu-release-upgrader/check-new-release-gtk:30: PyGIWarning: Gtk was imported without specifying a version first. Use gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0') before import to ensure that the right version gets loaded.   from gi.repository import Gtk Checking for a new Ubuntu release Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading. ➜  ~ sudo apt update                                        .... http://ppa.launchpad.net/qbittorrent-team/qbittorrent-stable/ubuntu xenial InRelease                   Hit:43 http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu xenial InRelease        Fetched 326 kB in 2s (125 kB/s)                     Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done 2 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them. W: http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/op/stable/debian/dists/lsb3.2/Release.gpg: Signature by key E5220FB7014D0FBDA50DFC2BE5E86C008AA65D56 uses weak digest algorithm (SHA1) ➜  ~ apt list --upgradable                                  Listing... Done cuda/unknown 10.1.105-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 9.2.148-1] cuda-drivers/unknown 418.40.04-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 396.44-1] ➜  ~ sudo apt upgrade cuda cuda-drivers                     Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation:  The following packages have unmet dependencies:  cuda-drivers : Depends: nvidia-418 (&gt;= 418.40.04) but it is not going to be installed                 Depends: nvidia-418-dev (&gt;= 418.40.04) but it is not going to be installed                 Depends: libcuda1-418 (&gt;= 418.40.04) but it is not going to be installed                 Depends: nvidia-opencl-icd-418 (&gt;= 418.40.04) but it is not going to be installed E: Broken packages ➜  ~ sudo apt upgrade                                       Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:   cuda-command-line-tools-10-0 cuda-command-line-tools-10-1 cuda-compiler-10-0 cuda-compiler-10-1   .... Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. The following packages have been kept back:   cuda cuda-drivers 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded. ➜  ~ sudo apt upgrade cuda cuda-drivers                     Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation:  The following packages have unmet dependencies:  cuda-drivers : Depends: nvidia-418 (&gt;= 418.40.04) but it is not going to be installed                 Depends: nvidia-418-dev (&gt;= 418.40.04) but it is not going to be installed                 Depends: libcuda1-418 (&gt;= 418.40.04) but it is not going to be installed                 Depends: nvidia-opencl-icd-418 (&gt;= 418.40.04) but it is not going to be installed E: Broken packages
I just added a PPA repository for the development version of the GIMP, but I get this error:  $ apt-get update &amp;&amp; apt-get upgrade ... The following packages have been kept back:   gimp gimp-data libgegl-0.0-0 libgimp2.0   Why and how can I solve it so that I can use the latest version instead of the one I have now?
sum pair of columns based on matching fields I've got to send a bulk email out to a bunch of people in reply to emails they sent me. I've got all the original emails stored in a single outlook folder. I want to extract all of the reply addresses from the emails in that folder so I can send an email to all of them.  The article  shows you how to export the FROM address of these emails, however a large amount of them came from a web service that sends emails 'on behalf of' the person I'm trying to mail to. So I need the reply-to address, and the export wizard doesn't do that.  Does anyone have a tip on how to do this? This is Outlook 2007 on Exchange 2010. How do I delete all Folders with a specific name (e.g. 128Kbps_Songs) without deleting its files  For example if I have directory "MP3_SONGS" with subdirectories "A", "B", "C" and each subdirectory has MANY directory Contains Film Name "FILM_NAME1", "FILM_NAME2", "FILM_NAME3" in it, In That Each Film NAme I have specific Folder NAme (128Kbps_Songs) in this "128Kbps_Songs" Folder I have That Film mp3 Songs Files  how can I remove the Folder "128Kbps_Songs", in Each Film_Name directory and Have to get these mp3 songs in that FILM_NAME..   ( Have to Delete 128Kbps_Songs Folder in all FILM_NAME without deleting the mp3 Songs in it, have to get the mp3 in FILM_NAME Directory..  MP3_SONGS (Parent Directory) ------ A , B, C  A (Sub Directory1) ------ FILM_NAME1 , FILM_NAME2 B (Sub Directory2) ------ FILM_NAME3 , FILM_NAME4 c (Sub Directory3) ------ FILM_NAME5 , FILM_NAME6  FILM_NAME1 (Directory) ---- 128Kbps_Songs (Directory) ------ FILM_NAME1 (MP3 Files) FILM_NAME2 (Directory) ---- 128Kbps_Songs (Directory) ------ FILM_NAME2 (MP3 Files)  FILM_NAME3 (Directory) ---- 128Kbps_Songs (Directory) ------ FILM_NAME3 (MP3 Files) FILM_NAME4 (Directory) ---- 128Kbps_Songs (Directory) ------ FILM_NAME4 (MP3 Files)  FILM_NAME5 (Directory) ---- 128Kbps_Songs (Directory) ------ FILM_NAME5 (MP3 Files) FILM_NAME6 (Directory) ---- 128Kbps_Songs (Directory) ------ FILM_NAME6 (MP3 Files)  Need Files in: FILM_NAME1 (Directory)  ------ FILM_NAME1 (MP3 Files) FILM_NAME2 (Directory)  ------ FILM_NAME2 (MP3 Files)  FILM_NAME3 (Directory)  ------ FILM_NAME3 (MP3 Files) FILM_NAME4 (Directory)  ------ FILM_NAME4 (MP3 Files)  FILM_NAME5 (Directory)  ------ FILM_NAME5 (MP3 Files) FILM_NAME6 (Directory)  ------ FILM_NAME6 (MP3 Files) Predicate Calculus Practice I've been doing some practice questions in the textbook for an upcoming predicate calculus lecture and I think I've managed to get A and B (possibly C) correct but I am clueless on how I can manage D and E.   For A I got: ∃x(R(x)∧¬B)  For B I got: ∀x(¬R(x)∧B)  For C I got: ∃x(R(x)∧(x=y))   - Not sure if this is even remotely correct    R(X) : ”X is rich”  X = Y : ”X equals Y”  B : ”Bill Gates”  a) Someone besides Bill Gates is rich.  b) Bill Gates alone is rich.  c) At least two people are rich.  d) Exactly one person is rich.  e) Exactly two persons are rich.  The universe of discourse is the set of all people. How do I use Conditional Formatting based on due dates in Excel 2013? I am trying to format cells in Excel 2013. I want the cells to get colored as green, yellow, and red based on how close they are with the target date (January 13, 2015 in this case).  I am unable to use conditional formatting as Excel says that relative formatting is not permitted within conditional formatting.   Target:   06-01-2015  01-01-2015 02-01-2015 03-01-2015 04-01-2015 05-01-2015 06-01-2015 07-01-2015 08-01-2015 09-01-2015 10-01-2015   If the date in the cell is more than 2 days of the target date, I want the cell to change color to Green. I used =DATEDIF($N12,$N$9,"d")&gt;=3 and the format changed to green.  If the date in the cell is exactly 2 days near the target date, I want the cell to change color to yellow. I used =DATEDIF($N12,$N$9,"d")=2 and the format changed to yellow.  If the date in the cell is within 2 days of the target date, I want the cell to change color to red. I used =DATEDIF($N12,$N$9,"d")&lt;2 and the format changed to red only for 5th and 6th January. Apparently, it does not recognize negative values.  How can I get this to match the required colors? align vs equation Find the condition on $a$ and $b$ so that the two tangents drawn to the parabola $y^2=4ax$ from a point are normals to the parabola $x^2=4by.$  The required condition is $a^2&gt;8b^2$.I dont know how to prove it.I tried.  Let $(h,k)$ be the point from where tangents are drawn to the parabola $y^2=4ax$.Let $m_1,m_2$ be the slopes of the tangents.Equations of tangents are $y=m_1x+\frac{a}{m_1}$ and $y=m_2x+\frac{a}{m_2}$ and equations of normal to the parabola $x^2=4by$ is $y=m_1x-2bm_1-bm^3_1$ and $y=m_2x-2bm_2-bm^3_2$.  As $y=m_1x+\frac{a}{m_1}$ and $y=m_1x-2bm_1-bm^3_1$  are the same lines.Therefore,$\frac{a}{m_1}=-2bm_1-bm^3_1$  $bm^4+2bm^2+a=0$  And I am stuck.I cannot get the desired condition.Please help me. How can I get a dryad in my village? I already build new home for her but nothing happens.I have 18 gold(if that matters) but no one moves into the new home. In my village I already have 4 NPCs. Whether the players killed a mage and got his spellbook(s) or they met with a nice wizard who let him or her learn a spell from his spellbook, can a player prepare a spell from a spellbook that isn't his or hers?  I'm asking because the PHB p. 114 says:     [...] Preparing a new list of wizard spells requires time spent studying your spellbook and memorizing the incantations and gestures you must make to cast the spell: at least 1 minute per spell level for each spell on your list.    emphasis mine   Further, the block on the left as a Copying a Spell into the Book ("the" Book as in "your" Book, since it appears in the block titled Your Spellbook), which explains how you can copy a spell from one book to another, assuming the book is from a stranger, it cost more and takes more time. It actually says:     [...] deciphering the unique system of notation used by the system of notation of the wizard who wrote it. [...]   It continues saying that you have to learn the various parts of the spell (verbose, material, gesture.)  This makes it sounds like a wizard would have a really hard time to prepare a spell from another's spellbook. Is that the case? How do I prove that $x^p-x+a$ is irreducible in a field with $p$ elements when $a\neq 0$? I have made a command  \newcommand{\mysec}[2]{%  \textbf{#1} \\ #2 }   I use it with \mysec{A}{B}.  But sometimes I also want a third parameter. I could make a whole new command for those situations where I need 3 parameters. But I thought if I could handle it with an optional parameter in my original command?  So I have to check if the third parameter is set and how to print if it is set. Delay jquery hover event? I would like to delay a hover event in jquery.  I am reading from a file when user hovers over a link or label.  I don't want this event to occur immediately in case the user is just moving the mouse across the screen.  Is there a way to delay the event from firing?  Thank you.  Example code:  $(function() {     $('#container a').hover(function() {         $('&lt;div id="fileinfo" /&gt;').load('ReadTextFileX.aspx',             {filename:'file.txt'},             function() {                 $(this).appendTo('#info');             }          );     },         function() { $('#info').remove(); }     }); });   UPDATE: (1/14/09) After adding the HoverIntent plugin the above code was changed to the following to implement it.  Very simple to implement.  $(function() {     hiConfig = {         sensitivity: 3, // number = sensitivity threshold (must be 1 or higher)         interval: 200, // number = milliseconds for onMouseOver polling interval         timeout: 200, // number = milliseconds delay before onMouseOut         over: function() {             $('&lt;div id="fileinfo" /&gt;').load('ReadTextFileX.aspx', {filename:'file.txt'},                 function() {                    $(this).appendTo('#info');                 }              );         }, // function = onMouseOver callback (REQUIRED)         out: function() { $('#info').remove();  } // function = onMouseOut callback (REQUIRED)     }     $('#container a').hoverIntent(hiConfig) } Combine the first two commits of a Git repository? Suppose you have a history containing the three commits A, B and C:  A-B-C   I would like to combine the two commits A and B to one commit AB:  AB-C   I tried  git rebase -i A   which opens up my editor with the following contents:  pick e97a17b B pick asd314f C   I change this to  squash e97a17b B pick asd314f C   Then Git 1.6.0.4 says:  Cannot 'squash' without a previous commit   Is there a way or is this just impossible? Clip for each feature I want to clip a polyline feature class by a polygon feature class (buffers created from points). Several polygons overlap, so I want to get each polygon feature clipped with each polyline feature.  Using the Clip_analysis tool, I get the orange lines:   whereas I want the following red lines:    In a python script, I tried the following code to clip every polyline with each polygon:          temp = arcpy.ValidateTableName("clip_temp")     bufferCursor = arcpy.SearchCursor(buffer)     n = 0     for pRow in bufferCursor:         arcpy.AddMessage(n)         feat = pRow.Shape         arcpy.Clip_analysis(inputPolylineLayer, feat, temp, "#")         if n == 0:             arcpy.Copy_management(temp, clip)         else:             arcpy.Append_management(temp, clip)         n=n+1   But the execution is very very slow and it crashes before finishing.  I also tried the Intersect_analysis tool but I didn't get the right geometries:   Do you have any idea of a better methods to do it? What is the intuition behind beta distribution? Disclaimer: I'm not a statistician but a software engineer. Most of my knowledge in statistics comes from self-education, thus I still have many gaps in understanding concepts that may seem trivial for other people here. So I would be very thankful if answers included less specific terms and more explanation. Imagine that you are talking to your grandma :)  I'm trying to grasp the nature of beta distribution – what it should be used for and how to interpret it in each case. If we were talking about, say, normal distribution, one could describe it as arrival time of a train: most frequently it arrives just in time, a bit less frequently it is 1 minute earlier or 1 minute late and very rarely it arrives with difference of 20 minutes from the mean. Uniform distribution describes, in particular, chance of each ticket in lottery. Binomial distribution may be described with coin flips and so on. But is there such intuitive explanation of beta distribution?    Let's say, $\alpha=.99$ and $\beta=.5$. Beta distribution $B(\alpha, \beta)$ in this case looks like this (generated in R):     But what does it actually mean? Y-axis is obviously a probability density, but what is on the X-axis?   I would highly appreciate any explanation, either with this example or any other. Prove that if $a$ and $b$ are relatively prime, then $\gcd(a+b, a-b) = 1$ or $2$ Prove that if $a$ and $b$ are relatively prime, then $\gcd(a+b, a-b) = 1$ or $2$.  I started off by putting $\gcd(a+b, a-b) = d$. This implies that there are two relatively prime integers $x_1, x_2$, such that   $dx_1 = a+b$   $dx_2 = a -b$  Adding the first equation to the second gives us: $d(x_1 + x_2) = 2a$, and subtracting the second from the first gives us $d(x_1 - x_2) = 2b$. This implies that $d\mid2a, d\mid2b \implies \gcd(2a, 2b) = d \implies d = 2\cdot \gcd(a,b) \implies d = 2$.   This is based on the fact that $\gcd(x_1 + x_2, x_1 - x_2) = 1$, which is in fact the statement of the problem. How do I prove this? Can I somehow use the Euclidean Algorithm for this. In grade school we learn to rationalize denominators of fractions when possible. We are taught that $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ is simpler than $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$.  says that "there is a bias against roots in the denominator of a fraction". But such fractions are well-defined and I'm failing to see anything wrong with $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ - in fact, IMO it is simpler than $\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$ because 1 is simpler than 2 (or similarly, because the former can trivially be rewritten without a fraction).  So why does this bias against roots in the denominator exist and what is its justification? The only reason I can think of is that the bias is a relic of a time before the reals were understood well enough for mathematicians to be comfortable dividing by irrationals, but I have been unable to find a source to corroborate or contradict this guess. I am looking for an example such that in a pre-Hilbert space $H$ we have for a subspace $U$ that  (i) $\bar{U} \oplus U^\perp \neq H$  (ii) $ \bar{U} \neq U^{\perp \perp}$  Since finite and closed subspaces will probably not do it, I am not good at inventing nice examples. Does anybody here have a few at hand? "1 in 10 are" or "1 in 10 is"? Take the examples:   "One in ten children are dyslexic."  "One in ten children is dyslexic." "One in ten children has dyslexia." "One in ten children have dyslexia."   The "one" is singular so 2 and 3 should be correct. But the "one in ten" is a fraction" so 1 and 4 should be correct. And yet I think I usually say 1 and 3. Which is/are correct?! I am interested in determining the ages of all 70+ my servers. I would like to create a growth graph showing when servers and databases were added to the environment either/both monthly or annually. I executed the following query using the SSMS multi-query feature with only partial success.  SELECT [name], create_date FROM sys.databases   It's partial success because the master and model databases return with a date of 'April 8, 2003' when I know that I created some of these servers during the past couple years.  I refresh databases from one server to another several times a week, which appears to be causing issues with the database create date.   Is there a simple method to determine the actual create date for both servers and databases?