There are words that have "j" where in most languages it would be pronounced like romaji "y".  Take for example "Jesus", "Jehovah", "John". It should be pronounced "Yesus", "Yehovah", "Yohn".  Slavic languages and Esperanto have "j" sound like romaji "y" so if you'd write "Jessica", it would be pronounced "Yessica". Now, why isn't that in English? Why does also in Spanish "j" sound like "h"? How did this transformation start?  Also, why is "halelujah" not written like it's pronounced: "haleluyah"? Ironically "trojan" is not just an English word, but a Croatian word too that sounds like "troyan". Why is the "j" there if it sounds like "g" and not "y"? Why isn't "Troy" "troj"? I'm so confused! When is it "j" and when is it "y"!?
I understand that the letter "J" is relatively new — perhaps 400–500 years old.  But since there has long been important names that begin with J, such as Jesus, Joshua, Justinian, etc., and which predate the introduction of a special letter, does that mean that the "J" sound predated the letter, or were such famous names spelled and pronounced differently?
Why does my water pressure fluctuate? How did the Swooping Evil Venom infused rain affect the magical community? If $k>0$ is a positive integer and $p$ is any prime, when is $\mathbb Z_p[\sqrt{k}] =\{a + b\sqrt k~|~a,b \in\mathbb Z_p\}$ a field. Why are there no spaces in Hangul-Words (XeLaTeX - xeCJK) This is my minimal working example:  \documentclass{article}   \usepackage{xeCJK} \setCJKmainfont{Batang}  \begin{document}         나는 남자를 이다 \end{document}   As you see, there are spaces between the Korean words. I compiled with XeLaTeX => PDF with XeTeX Version 3.1415926-2.5-0.9999.3 (MiKTeX 2.9) in TeXnicCenter. However there are no spaces in the outputfile. Help would be greatly appreciated. Resources for Blender Ubuntu 19.04 and Gnome desktop icons I have been running Ubuntu 12.04 for the past few weeks. I recently tried to download and install some files through the Update Manager. It located a few files, downloaded them, but then failed to install them. It gave the error:  installArchives() failed: (Reading database ...  (Reading database ... 80% dpkg: unrecoverable fatal error, aborting:  reading files list for package 'libasn1-8-heimdal': Input/output error   I tried using apt-get upgrade but a similar error was produced:  Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading state information... Done The following packages will be upgraded:   icedtea-6-jre-cacao icedtea-6-jre-jamvm openjdk-6-jre openjdk-6-jre-headless   openjdk-6-jre-lib 5 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/34.6 MB of archives. After this operation, 1,024 B of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 80% dpkg: unrecoverable fatal error, aborting:  reading files list for package 'libasn1-8-heimdal': Input/output error E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)   Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.  Edit: Here's some extra information that may be useful. My original problem was that the Ubuntu Software Centre would not open. I found that the Update Manager and Synaptic Package Manager also failed to open. They all gave an error along the lines of:   "installArchives() failed: dpkg: error: reading package info file '/var/lib/dpkg/available': Input/output errorError in function:"   After much googling I seemed to fix that problem as the package managers would open again. When I then tried to download and install any updates from the Update Manager I got the error at the beginning of this post. Chat requirement to post images should be made explicit There is (apparently) a 100 reputation requirement to upload and post images through chat.  There isn't any easily located documentation on this, however. 100 global reputation is listed as the privilege for , while the chat FAQ and help both do not mention any restrictions on uploading images.  As such, could somewhere other than  be used to indicate that there is a reputation requirement in chat for uploading images? gain admin access to sql express 2008 I recently updated my profile bio (from Arqade) and clicked 'Save and copy changes to all public communities'. This appears to have broken/reset my profile picture on all but Arqade. Note that I did not update my profile picture as part of my changes. Arqade:  Meta SE for comparison:  I haven't touched my profile picture in years. Is this a bug?  Update: It appears my profile pic across all communities has been set back to 'Identicon'. I went on to Stack Overflow and changed my profile picture back to 'Gravitar' and clicked 'Save and copy to all communities' again, but this did not update my profile picture anywhere but SO. (I did the same on Sustainability to be doubly sure). Update 2: This is a persistent bug - I had changed most of my SE communities back to my 'Robotnik' display pic over the past little while. Today I edited my profile again on Arqade, Clicked 'Save and copy' - and the display pic reverted back to identicon again across all sites. Update 3: I have re-uploaded my profile picture and the 'Save and copy' function worked. It appears that this is actually a bug to do with the old images from Gravatar. Problem with "scopes" of variables in try catch blocks in Java Can you forgo your readied action to take an opportunity attack instead? Example:   Player 1 uses the ready action to do something when something happens (unimportant) Goblin, decides to charge across the battlefield and attack Player 2, but happens to cross paths with Player 1 possibly provoking an opportunity attack (here lies my question)   Could Player 1 decide to ignore their readied action and use their reaction to attack the goblin? This would of course take up their reaction so they could no longer take their readied action when it triggers.  If so; let's say it is a fireball that was readied (or any spell), would Player 1 be required to drop the fireball spell? They technically cast it as part of their ready action, but I would understand if this would be a downside to using a reaction before their readied action triggered (maybe this should be another question, but please answer it anyway and tell me if I need to create a separate one so you can answer it there too :P). I was watching the film A Game of Shadows starring Robert Downey Junior and Jude Law when this line came up, "...neither you nor I is in control..." (I can’t remember the exact words that ended the phrase; if anyone can supply them, it would be much appreciated.)   It immediately struck me as being odd. When I mentioned this to my boyfriend; an English native speaker, with a PhD in something sciency, he told me it was correct. When I asked why, he couldn't explain but put forward the following sentence as an example. "Neither of us is in control..." However, I disagreed with the wording and said the sentence should have been: "Neither one of us is in control..." The genderless third person, one, is singular, and hence, so too the verb that follows. And we say, "one is" NOT "one are".      "Neither you nor I are in control over ..."    I believe the above sounds better, but it is more logical to say:     "Neither you nor I am in control..."    because the verb agrees with the subject closest to it; however, I'm not sure if I have ever read or heard this solution. So, I tried inverting the subject and auxiliary verb order and the resulting phrase was:    "Neither you nor am I in control..."    which sounds very formal, pompous, and ... odd. Am I imagining things?  The two subjects you and I are two separate individuals who are not joined together, I agree the verb should be in the singular; but why should we use "is"? We don't say, "you is" or "I is". Before anyone rushes off to claim my question is a duplicate of a previous Stackexchange one:  I want to explain why the answer to that question fails to explain why my boyfriend and the film makers consider the  sentence below correct:     Neither you nor I is in control...   As I see it, Michael and Albert are two separate individuals, it therefore stands to reason that the verb should be singular, and "is" agrees with the subject. If I rephrase the neither and nor construction, I would get:          Michael is not correct but neither is Albert   OR          Michael is not correct and Albert isn't either.      Which have the same meaning, (either being the negative equivalent of neither) the sentences are grammatical which leads me to conclude that the verb must be singular and hence         Neither Michael nor Albert is correct      However, when I rephrase the "neither you nor I" sentence following the same procedure I have to say this:        You are not in control but neither am I (‘I am’ is ungrammatical)   OR              You are not in control and I’m not either.      which leads me to surmise that the sentence below must be grammatically correct        Neither you nor I am in control"      So, why does my boyfriend insist that the sentence ought to be:     Neither you nor I is in control   Which one of us is right and why? Which Defiant was shown in ST: First Contact? In Memory Alpha, the page on the  states that two Defiant-class ships had that name: the prototype Defiant, and a successor, the U.S.S. Sao Paulo, which was assigned to DS9 and renamed Defiant after the loss of the original. All of this happened during the DS9 series.  In the Star Trek: First Contact movie, the Defiant participates in the opening battle, where a Borg Cube penetrates the Sol system's defenses and besieges Earth. Worf is in command, and is transported out of the crippled Defiant along with whatever's left of his crew by the Enterprise; out-of-universe, this is a rather transparent method to get Worf back into the TNG side of things after the events of ST: Generations, when he moved to DS9 as tactical officer and unofficial envoy to the Klingon Empire.  The question is, was Worf's Defiant in the movie the original, or the Sao Paulo? This would primarily depend on where the movie falls in the overall canon timeline. According to in-movie dialog, whichever one it was was salvageable and therefore would have survived the movie, so the movie would have had little impact on the canon of any running TV series at the time. "That solved my problem" doesn't make sense if the target question is unanswered Writing string at the same position using Console.Write in C# 2.0 $f$ strictly increasing does not imply $f'>0$ We know that a function $f: [a,b] \to \mathbb{R}$ continuous on $[a,b]$ and differentiable on $(a,b)$, and if $f'&gt;0 \mbox{ on} (a,b)$ , f is strictly increasing on $[a,b]$. Is there any counterexample that shows the converse fails?   I have been trying to come up with simple examples but they all involve functions that are discontinuous or has derivative $f'=0$ which does not agree with the hypothesis hmmm How to make Fedora user a sudoer? Random integer in VB.NET I need to generate a random integer between 1 and n (where n is a positive whole number) to use for a unit test. I don't need something overly complicated to ensure true randomness - just an old-fashioned random number.  How would I do that? How to make two people play at the same time? My brother owns Skyrim on steam. We use Steam Family Share, but we were wondering how both of us could play it at the same time?