How can I back up my whole system and be able to restore perfectly to where I was? I have installed some nice themes and customized quite a few things (graphically) and wouldn't want to repeat this process if I need to re-install. I guess my question is, do I have to only backup the home folder or do I have to do the whole system root folder. Many topics have advised not to backup the root folder but has let me confused. I have no problem installing Ubuntu from scratch again and importing my home folder, as long as it gives me everything back in terms of the UI and custom themes etc. I am not fussed about the actual data such as Documents, Videos etc. I have alternative methods for these via cloud based solutions. Also, I have some commands in fstab but not sure this is stored in the home directory as well? My idea was to use rsync and use sudo rsync -aAXv --delete --exclude=/dev/* --exclude=/proc/*    --exclude=/sys/* --exclude=/tmp/* --exclude=/run/* --exclude=/mnt/*    --exclude=/media/* --exclude=&quot;swapfile&quot; --exclude=&quot;lost+found&quot;    --exclude=&quot;.cache&quot; --exclude=&quot;Downloads&quot; --exclude=&quot;.VirtualBoxVMs&quot;    --exclude=&quot;.ecryptfs&quot;  Then set up a cron to schedule this. Can you help?
No, this is not a , nor is it a solicitation on  to backup or  and only a little bit about Where to backup and When to do it.  This is basically a strategy question: what, where and when all together. "How" is not really relevant: there are tons of back-up programs out there and they all do the same basic thing: make copies of data.  But the real question is: are these back-up programs making copies of the data important to you?  How should you install&amp;run Ubuntu while safeguarding your data?  There is no "one size fits all" when it comes to computers, Ubuntu versions or a backup strategy, therefore I've split this up into 5 basic user types with each their own answer:       (or you're running in UEFI mode!)   And as the above does not fit everyone, one for the impatient:   !    So click one of the above links and go to your user type!  P.S. If you're running a server farm and you've read this question so far, I'm sorry: this is about a single PC, not a network, nor a server farm.
Prove every odd integer is the difference of two squares I know that I should use the definition of an odd integer ($2k+1$), but that's about it.  Thanks in advance! Does Find My Mac work if the disk gets erased? Requires installation of untrusted packages? Is there a relationship between regression and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)? What are their similarities and differences? Does it make any difference if there are two classes or more than two classes? Looking for a single word for 'blind worship' Is there a single word for 'blind worship' as in worshiping an actor blindly notwithstanding the bad performance? How can I set the maximum draw type for multiple objects? tmux: shared session, one user in a pane, another in another pane, two different cursors I've decided to try tmux: have been reading the docs and googling around, trying to find a way to have two users sharing a session, each with a different cursor.  However, giving 777 permissions to the socket, or creating a group, chgrping the socket and adding both users to it, seems to let that same socket be used to share a session with only one cursor: both users can write, but always in the same cursor position.  Right now both users are in the same home server over ssh, and the idea is to be able to have:   A terminal in a, let's say, left pane, where I can type commands Another terminal in a right pane, where I can see another user typing commands  in his own terminal The same thing for the other user   What I'm doing at the moment is using two sessions (not shared) and a script -f and tail -f combination that kinda works for reading each other's key strokes, but I reckon there is probably some way of doing this using tmux sharing capabilities.  Is there a way to get this idea working with write support in each other's terminal?  What is the better way to do this? I've heard that i can travel to the US any time before my tourist visa expiry.  Is that true?  (please advise) Where was Alastor Moody during Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince? How does Meta Stack Exchange work? Meta Stack Exchange seems to have different rules and user behavior than the "regular" Stack Exchange sites.  How is it different?    Individual questions answered below:                Related Returning an unevaluated expression with values substituted in Limit as $x\to 0$ of $\frac{(1+x)^{1/x}-e}{x}$ Prove that a function is not injective Passing multiple commands to gnome-terminal from a script My bash-script is not run in a terminal, but opens a terminal at runtime to ask for user input (sudo password). I would like to tell the user in this terminal what the script is trying to do. First, here is my script:  #!/bin/bash #This should install: Qt Linguist, lrelease  #for Qt Linguist dpkg-query -l qt4-dev-tools if echo $? == 0; then  check1=1 fi  #for lrelease dpkg-query -l qt4-default if echo $? == 0; then  check2=1 fi  echo $check1 echo $check2  if [ $check1 = 1 ] &amp;&amp; [ $check2 = 1 ];then  gnome-terminal -x sudo apt-get install qt4-dev-tools qt4-default fi $SHELL   This opens a terminal with this:  [sudo] password for "username":    But I would like to have:  qt4-dev-tools and qt4-default are missing. Now trying to install. [sudo] password for "username":    How do I get this when starting the terminal with gnome-terminal -x? I tried to get the number of available brew packages by running  brew search | wc -l   but I don't know how accurate this really is. What do I need to take into account to get a more correct number?  PS: macports lists 19,889 packages online How Can I prove (a+b) mod m = (a mod m) + (b mod m)) mod m? modular arithmetic  How Can I prove (a+b) mod m = (a mod m) + (b mod m)) mod m ? The names of the derived functors $\operatorname{Tor}$ and $\operatorname{Ext}$ seem quite cryptic to me. Does anyone know what these abbreviations stand for? I would be glad if someone could tell me where these names come from. Our team is developing a new system and it has a Warehouse table that must have a hierarchical relationship between entries since a customer can have 1st, 2nd, 3rd and Nth degree warehouses.  We first thought that  was the best way to do it. By creating a Parent and a Child column on the table and then making Parent the FK to Child (on the same table) but friend DBA told us that there is a different way.  So, for instance, we had thought about making a table like this:  CREATE TABLE Warehouse( filterId INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY, parentId INT NOT NULL, active BOOL DEFAULT 1, warehouseName VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY parentId REFERENCES Warehouse(filterId)  | FILTERID   | PARENTID | ACTIVE | WAREHOUSENAME | -------------------------------------------------- |          1 |        0 |      1 | N WAREHOUSE 1 | |          2 |        1 |      1 | ROOM 1        | |          3 |        1 |      1 | ROOM 2        | |          4 |        1 |      1 | ROOM 3        | |          5 |        1 |      1 | ROOM 4        | |          6 |        2 |      1 | SHELF 1       | |          7 |        2 |      1 | SHELF 2       | |          8 |        2 |      1 | SHELF 3       | |          9 |        2 |      1 | SHELF 4       | |         10 |        2 |      1 | SHELF 5       | |         11 |        2 |      1 | SHELF 6       | |         12 |        2 |      0 | SHELF 7       | |         13 |        3 |      1 | BOX 1         | |         14 |        3 |      0 | BOX 2         | |         15 |        3 |      1 | BOX 3         | |         16 |        3 |      1 | BOX 4         | --------------------------------------------------   But this DBA said that we should work on something like this:  CREATE TABLE Warehouse( filterId VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY, active BOOLEAN DEFAULT 1, warehouseName VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL)   | FILTERID   | ACTIVE | WAREHOUSENAME | --------------------------------------- | 1.00       |      1 | N WAREHOUSE 1 | | 1.01       |      1 | ROOM 1        | | 1.02       |      1 | ROOM 2        | | 1.03       |      1 | ROOM 3        | | 1.04       |      1 | ROOM 4        | | 1.01.01    |      1 | SHELF 1       | | 1.01.02    |      1 | SHELF 2       | | 1.01.03    |      1 | SHELF 3       | | 1.01.04    |      1 | SHELF 4       | | 1.01.05    |      1 | SHELF 5       | | 1.01.06    |      1 | SHELF 6       | | 1.01.07    |      0 | SHELF 7       | | 1.01.01.01 |      1 | BOX 1         | | 1.01.01.02 |      0 | BOX 2         | | 1.01.01.03 |      1 | BOX 3         | | 1.01.01.04 |      1 | BOX 4         | ---------------------------------------   Which way should we follow?   On one hand we have a relationship between parentId and filterId; on the other we do not have any relationship, but it is easy to understand where does the entry belong.  Not all the warehouses are of the same level - that's what I mean by degree. They should be ordered like: For Customer A, 1 is parent of 1.1 and 1.2, 2 is parent of 2.1, 3 is parent of 3.1 and 4 is parent of 4.1 and 4.2 - but 1, 2, 3 and 4 are of the same level (1st level), and 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1 and 4.2 are also of the same level (2nd level) but not of the same parents. What does the caret (‘^’) mean in C++/CLI? ssh into an account which has no home directory