pediatrics
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
Key Points
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is most often due to congenital anomalous development of the ureterovesical junction. Reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureter may cause bacterial infection of the upper urinary tract; about 30 to 40% of infants and toddlers with urinary tract infection have VUR. Diagnose by using VCUG. Monitor by using serial ultrasonography and VCUGs. Mild to moderate VUR often resolves spontaneously, but more serious disease may require surgical intervention. Children with newly diagnosed VUR are given prophylactic antibiotics depending on the severity and clinical course. Assess toilet-trained children for dysfunctional elimination and treat them appropriately. 