pediatrics
Respiratory Support in Neonates and Infants
NIPPV for Neonates and Infants
NIPPV (see also Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) ) delivers positive pressure ventilation using nasal prongs or nasal masks. It can be synchronized (ie, triggered by the infant's inspiratory effort) or nonsynchronized. NIPPV can provide a back-up rate and can augment an infant's spontaneous breaths. Peak pressure can be set to desired limits. It is particularly useful in patients with apnea to facilitate extubation and to help prevent atelectasis. NIPPV has been found to reduce the incidence of extubation failure and the need for reintubation within 1 week more effectively than nasal CPAP; however, it has no effect on the development of chronic lung disease or on mortality. 