genitourinary disorders
Chronic Kidney Disease
Symptoms and Signs of Chronic Kidney Disease
Patients with mildly diminished renal reserve are asymptomatic. Even patients with mild to moderate renal insufficiency may have no symptoms despite elevated bloodureanitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Nocturia is often noted, principally due to failure to concentrate the urine. Lassitude, fatigue, anorexia, and decreased mental acuity often are the earliest manifestations of uremia. ), neuromuscular symptoms may be present, including coarse muscular twitches, Peripheral Neuropathy , muscle cramps, hyperreflexia, Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, stomatitis, and an unpleasant taste in the mouth are almost uniformly present. The skin may be yellow-brown and/or dry. Occasionally,ureafrom sweat crystallizes on the skin (uremic frost). Pruritus may be especially uncomfortable. Undernutrition leading to generalized tissue wasting is a prominent feature of chronic uremia. In advanced CKD, Pericarditis and gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding may occur. Hypertension is present in 