infectious diseases
Cyclosporiasis
Treatment of Cyclosporiasis
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Alternatively,ciprofloxacinornitazoxanide Treatment of choice for cyclosporiasis is double-strengthtrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX): 160 mg TMP and 800 mg SMX orally 2 times a day for 7 to 10 days. Children are given 5 mg/kg TMP and 25 mg/kg SMX orally 2 times a day for the same number of days. In patients with AIDS, higher doses and longer duration may be needed, and treatment of acute infection is usually followed by long-term suppressive therapy. Institution or optimization of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important. Ciprofloxacin(500 mg orally twice a day for 7 days) is an alternative to TMP/SMX. Nitazoxanide(100mg twice a day for 3 days) is an alternative to TMP/SMX in patients with sulfonamide intolerance andciprofloxacin-resistant infections. Efficacy ofnitazoxanidefor cyclosporiasis is reported to be between 71 to 87%. Prevention is by food and water precautions during travel in endemic areas and by avoiding potentially contaminated foods during outbreaks. In endemic regions, drinking water should be boiled or chlorinated, unpeeled fruit should be avoided, and vegetables cooked thoroughly. Detailed recommendations for international travelers are available in theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Yellow Book. 