pediatrics
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Neonates
Treatment of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Neonates
Intratracheal surfactant if indicated Supplementary oxygen as needed Mechanical ventilation as needed Specific treatment of RDS is intratracheal surfactant therapy. This therapy requires Mechanical Ventilation , which also may be necessary to achieve adequate ventilation and oxygenation. There is increasing evidence supporting use of less invasive ventilation techniques, such as nasal continuous positive airway pressure ( Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) ), even in very preterm infants ( hastens recovery and decreases risk of Pneumothorax , Beractant Poractant alfa Calfactant Beractantis a lipid bovine lung extract supplemented with proteins B and C, colfosceril palmitate, palmitic acid, and tripalmitin. Poractant alfais a modified porcine-derived minced lung extract containing phospholipids, neutral lipids, fatty acids, and surfactant-associated proteins B and C. Calfactantis a calf lung extract containing phospholipids, neutral lipids, fatty acids, and surfactant-associated proteins B and C. Lung compliance can improve rapidly after therapy. The ventilator peak inspiratory pressure may need to be lowered rapidly to reduce risk of a pulmonary air leak. Other ventilator parameters (eg, FIO2, rate) also may need to be reduced. 1.Blennow M, Bohlin K: Surfactant and noninvasive ventilation.Neonatology107(4):330–336, 2015. doi: 10.1159/000381122 2.Bohlin K, Gudmundsdottir T, Katz-Salamon M, et al: Implementation of surfactant treatment during continuous positive airway pressure.J Perinatol27(7):422–427, 2007. doi: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211754 3.Aldana-Aguirre JC, Pinto M, Featherstone RM, Kumar M: Less invasive surfactant administration versus intubation for surfactant delivery in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed102(1):F17–F23, 2017. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-310299 