gastrointestinal disorders
Overview of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Etiology of GI Bleeding
There are many possible causes (see table), which are divided into upper GI (above the ligament of Treitz), lower GI, and small bowel. Bleeding of any cause is more likely, and potentially more severe, in patients with chronic liver disease (eg, Alcohol-Related Liver Disease , Medications associated with GI bleeding include anticoagulants (eg,heparin,warfarin,dabigatran,apixaban,rivaroxaban,edoxaban), those affecting platelet function (eg,aspirinand certain other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs],clopidogrel, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]), and those affecting mucosal defenses (eg, NSAIDs). Upper GI tract Upper GI tract Peptic Ulcer Disease (20–30%) Gastric or duodenal erosions (20–30%) Varices (15–20%) Peptic Ulcer Disease (10–20%) Mallory-Weiss Syndrome (5–10%) Erosive esophagitis (5–10%) Angioma (5–10%) Vascular Gastrointestinal Lesions ( Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) None Hemobilia Lower GI tract (percentages vary with the age group sampled) Lower GI tract (percentages vary with the age group sampled) Anal Fissure None Vascular Gastrointestinal Lesions (vascular ectasia) Colitis: Radiation, ischemic, infectious Colorectal Cancer None Polyps of the Colon and Rectum None Definition of Diverticular Disease None Overview of Inflammatory Bowel Disease : Hemorrhoids None Small-bowel lesions (rare) Small-bowel lesions (rare) Angiomas Vascular Gastrointestinal Lesions None Meckel Diverticulum None Small-Bowel Tumors None 