hormonal and metabolic disorders
Hypoparathyroidism
Introduction
Hypoparathyroidism is a deficiency ofparathyroid hormone(PTH) often caused by an autoimmune disorder, treatment-related damage to the parathyroid glands, or removal of the glands during surgery. (See also Overview of Parathyroid Function ) Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are due to low calcium levels in the blood and include tingling in the hands or around the mouth and muscle cramps. Blood tests to check the levels ofparathyroid hormoneand calcium are needed for diagnosis. People are givenvitamin Dand calcium to treat hypoparathyroidism. The parathyroid glands are located near the thyroid gland. Their exact location, and even the total number of glands, is quite variable. These glands secreteparathyroid hormone(PTH), which regulates calcium levels in the blood and tissues through its effects on bones, the kidneys, and the intestine. Hypoparathyroidism results from deficientparathyroid hormone(PTH) secretion, which can occur as the result of Removal of or damage to several parathyroid glands during surgery to remove them (parathyroidectomy) or the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) An inherited Autoimmune Disorders (a malfunction of the body's immune system that causes the body to attack its own tissues) An inherited disorder in which the parathyroid glands are missing or shrunken Hypoparathyroidism causes a low level of calcium in the blood ( Hypocalcemia (Low Level of Calcium in the Blood) ) and a high blood level of phosphate ( 