injuries and poisoning
Fractures of the Jaw and Midface
Introduction
Injuries to the face often occur in combination. For example, the eye and the nose or the mouth and the cheek can be damaged as a result of the same injury. A broken lower jaw usually causes pain and swelling, changes the way the teeth fit together, and prevents the person from fully opening the mouth. Fractures of the middle part of the face can cause swelling, double vision, facial numbness, a sunken eyeball, changes in the way the teeth fit together, and/or inability to fully open the mouth. Doctors can usually detect jaw and face fractures during an examination, but usually X-Rays are taken or A lower jaw fracture is treated by resting the jaw, surgery, or wiring the jaw closed until bones heal. A midface fracture can be treated surgically, but surgery usually is done only if the fracture causes problems other than pain and swelling, such as facial deformity. The term jaw fracture often refers to a break of the lower jaw (mandible). Fractures of the upper jaw (part of the bone called the maxilla) are sometimes called jaw fractures but are usually considered facial fractures. The mandible is most often broken as a result of blunt trauma, such as being punched or hit with a baseball bat or other object. Fractures of the maxilla can occur when the front of the face smashes against an immovable object, as occurs in a fall from a height or a motor vehicle crash. Some are caused by being hit by a blunt object such as a fist or weapon. Some jaw fractures break only a tooth socket. Many fractures of the face, usually ones that result from a substantial amount of force (such as a motor vehicle crash), fall into one of the following categories (called the LeFort classification): I. The fracture extends across the upper jaw (maxilla). II. The fracture extends from the lower part of one cheek, up to and across the bridge of the nose, and then down to the lower part of the other cheek. III. The fracture extends across the bridge of the nose and the bones surrounding the eyes. 