pediatrics
Ureteral Anomalies
Ureterocele
Prolapse of the lower end of the ureter into the bladder with pinpoint obstruction may cause progressive ureterectasis, hydronephrosis, infection, occasional calculus formation, and impaired renal function. Ureterocele treatment options include endoscopic transurethral incision and open repair. When a ureterocele involves the upper of two duplex ureters, treatment depends on function in that renal segment, which is frequently dysplastic. Removal of the affected renal segment and ureter may be preferable to obstruction repair if that segment is nonfunctional or if significant renal dysplasia is suspected. Alternatively, ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy may be done to bypass the obstruction. In rare instances, the ureterocele may prolapse beyond the bladder neck, causing a bladder outlet obstruction. In girls, this may manifest as an interlabial mass. 