nutritional disorders
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
TPN Solutions
Many TPN solutions are commonly used. Electrolytes can be added to meet the patient’s needs. TPN solutions vary depending on other disorders present and patient age, as for the following: For renal insufficiency not being treated with dialysis or for liver failure: Reduced protein content and a high percentage of essential amino acids For heart or kidney failure: Limited volume (liquid) intake For respiratory failure: A lipid emulsion that provides most of nonprotein calories to minimize carbon dioxide production by carbohydrate metabolism For neonates: Lowerdextroseconcentrations (17 to 18%) 