dental disorders
Burning Mouth Syndrome
Introduction
Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic condition of burning intraoral pain, usually involving the tongue, in the absence of an identified cause. There are no physical signs or specific diagnostic tests, and treatment is symptomatic and often difficult. Secondary burning mouth syndrome refers to similar symptoms caused by another disorder. (See also Evaluation of the Dental Patient .) Burning mouth syndrome is uncommon and usually affects postmenopausal women. It is believed to be neurogenic, affecting central and peripheral nerves of pain and taste, and may be multifactorial in origin. Causes of secondary burning mouth syndrome include Nutritional deficiency ( Vitamin B12 Deficiency , Anemia Diabetes Mellitus (DM) None infection ( Candidiasis (Mucocutaneous) ) Overview of Allergic and Atopic Disorders (foods, dental products) Oral mucosal disorders (eg, stomatitis, lichen planus, pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, neoplasia) Xerostomia None Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors None Oral parafunctional behavior (eg, tongue thrusting, clenching, Bruxism ) Burning mouth syndrome may cause burning, tingling, or numbness of the tongue, palate, lips, or other mucosal surfaces of the mouth, often bilaterally and sometimes in multiple foci. The pain can be significant and may occur daily. It may be constant or increase throughout the day and may be relieved by eating or drinking. Perceived dry mouth and altered taste may occur. Pain, as well as associated emotional issues (anxiety, depression), can be socially debilitating. Duration of symptoms of burning mouth syndrome varies from months to years, but symptoms resolve spontaneously or if a secondary cause can be identified and addressed. 