ear, nose, and throat disorders
Sialadenitis
Etiology of Sialadenitis
Sialadenitis usually occurs after hyposecretion or duct obstruction but may develop without an obvious cause. The major salivary glands are the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Sialadenitis is most common in the parotid gland and typically occurs in Patients in their 50s and 60s Chronically ill patients with Xerostomia None Patients with Sjögren Syndrome None Adolescents and young adults with Anorexia Nervosa None Children (age 1 to18 years) with juvenile recurrent parotitis of undetermined etiology The most common causative organism isStaphylococcus aureus;others include streptococci, coliforms, and various anaerobic bacteria. Inflammation of the parotid gland can also develop in patients who have had radiation therapy to the oral cavity or radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer ( Etiology references ). Although sometimes described as sialoadenitis, this inflammation is rarely a bacterial infection, particularly in the absence of fever. Juvenile recurrent parotitis is a disorder of unknown etiology affecting children (most commonly 4 to 6 years old) and often resolving by puberty. Allergy, infection, genetic inheritance, and autoimmune disorders have not been confirmed as causes. Except for possibly mumps, it remains the second most common form of parotitis in children ( 1.Erkul E, Gillespie MB: Sialendoscopy for non-stone disorders: the current evidence.Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol1(5):140-145, 2016. doi: 10.1002/lio2.33 2.An YS, Yoon JK, Lee SJ, et al: Symptomatic late-onset sialadenitis after radioiodine therapy in thyroid cancer.Ann Nucl Med27(4):386-91, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s12149-013-0697-5 3.Kim YM, Choi JS, Hong SB, et al: Salivary gland function after sialendoscopy for treatment of chronic radioiodine-induced sialadenitis.Head Neck38(1):51-8, 2016. doi: 10.1002/hed.23844 4.Schwarz Y, Bezdjian A, Daniel SJ: Sialendoscopy in treating pediatric salivary gland disorders: a systematic review.Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol275(2):347-356, 2018. doi: 10.1007/s00405-017-4830-2 