injuries poisoning
Knee (Tibiofemoral) Dislocations
Diagnosis of Knee Dislocations
X-rays Vascular and neurologic evaluation A knee dislocation (as well as an anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] and/or posterior cruciate ligament [PCL] tear) should be suspected if an injured knee is grossly unstable (see also Knee Sprains and Meniscal Injuries ). Anteroposterior and lateral x-rays are diagnostic for dislocations that have not spontaneously reduced. Vascular and neurologic evaluations are particularly important. Popliteal artery injury should be suspected regardless of whether ischemia is evident. Clinical evaluation of the distal pulses cannot completely rule out a popliteal artery injury, even if the pulses are normal over a period of time. The Diagnosis (ABI) should be determined to check for vascular injury; values If the ABI is≤0.9 or if any findings suggest ischemia, immediate vascular surgical consultation is required. Clinicians should aggressively check for vascular injury because duration of ischemia greatly affects outcome. If surgery to repair the vascular injury is not done within 8 hours, amputation rates are higher. 