infectious diseases
Sulfonamides
Adverse Effects of Sulfonamides
Adverse effects of sulfonamides can result from oral and sometimes topical sulfonamides; effects include Hypersensitivity reactions, such as rashes, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) , vasculitis, serum sickness, drug fever, anaphylaxis, and angioedema Crystalluria, oliguria, and anuria Hematologic reactions, such as agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and, in patients with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency , hemolytic anemia Kernicterus in neonates Photosensitivity Neurologic effects, such as insomnia, and headache Hypothyroidism, hepatitis, and activation of quiescent systemic lupus erythematosus may occur in patients taking sulfonamides. These drugs can exacerbate porphyrias. Incidence of adverse effects is different for the various sulfonamides, but cross-sensitivity is common. Sulfasalazinecan reduce intestinal absorption of folate (folic acid). Thus, use of this drug may trigger folate deficiency in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which also reduces absorption, especially if dietary intake is also inadequate. Mafenidemay cause metabolic acidosis by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase. 