neurologic disorders
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
Introduction
Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are characterized by abnormal motions of and, for RLS, usually sensations in the lower or upper extremities, which may interfere with sleep. (See also Approach to the Patient With a Sleep or Wakefulness Disorder .) PLMD is more common during middle and older age;>80% of patients with RLS also have PLMD. The mechanism is unclear but may involve abnormalities indopamineneurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). PLMD and RLS can occur In isolation During drug withdrawal With use of stimulants, certain antidepressants, ordopamineantagonists During pregnancy In patients with chronic renal or hepatic failure, Iron Deficiency , anemia, In primary RLS, heredity may be involved; more than one third of patients with primary RLS have a family history of it. Risk factors may include a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and obesity. Periodic leg movement disorder is common among people with Narcolepsy and 