dental disorders
Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Rheumatoid arthritis
 17% of adults and children with rheumatoid arthritis, but it is usually among the last joints involved. Pain, swelling, and limited movement are the most common findings. In children, destruction of the condyle results in mandibular growth disturbance and facial deformity. Ankylosis may follow. X-rays of the TMJ are usually negative in early stages but often show late-stage bone destruction, which may result in an anterior open-bite Malocclusion . The diagnosis is suggested by TMJ inflammation associated with polyarthritis and is confirmed by other findings typical of the disease. Treatment is similar to that of Treatment in other joints. In the acute stage, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs may be given, and jaw function should be restricted. An oral appliance worn during sleep is often helpful. When symptoms subside, mild jaw exercises help prevent excessive loss of mandibular motion. Surgery is necessary if 