genitourinary disorders
Metabolic Nephropathies
Hypercalcemia
 Hypercalcemia causes nephropathy by 2 mechanisms. Severe (>12 mg/dL) temporary hypercalcemia may cause reversible renal insufficiency by renal vasoconstriction and natriuresis-induced volume depletion. Long-standing hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria lead to chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis with calcification and necrosis of tubular cells, interstitial fibrosis, and calcification (nephrocalcinosis). Common associated findings include Urinary Calculi None Renal Tubular Acidosis None Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (previously called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus) Diagnosis is based on presence of hypercalcemia and unexplained renal insufficiency; nephrocalcinosis can be detected by ultrasonography or noncontrast CT. Treatment is management of Treatment . 