infectious diseases
Streptococcal Infections
Virulence Factors
Many streptococci elaborate virulence factors, including streptolysins, DNAases, andhyaluronidase, which contribute to tissue destruction and spread of infection. A few strains release exotoxins that activate certain T cells, triggering release of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins, and other immunomodulators. These cytokines activate the complement, coagulation, and fibrinolytic systems, leading to shock, organ failure, and death. 