hormonal and metabolic disorders
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the body does not produce enough or respond normally toinsulin, causing blood sugar (glucose) levels to be abnormally high. Symptoms of diabetes may include increased urination and thirst, and people may lose weight even if they are not trying to. Diabetes can damage nerves and cause problems with the sense of touch. Diabetes can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and vision loss. Doctors diagnose diabetes by measuring blood sugar levels. People with diabetes need to follow a healthy diet that is low in refined carbohydrates (including sugar), saturated fat, and processed foods. They also need to exercise, maintain a healthy weight, and usually take medications to lower blood sugar levels and promote weight loss if their weight is above a healthy level. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the amount of sugar in the blood is elevated. Doctors often use the full name diabetes mellitus, rather than diabetes alone, to distinguish this disorder from ArginineVasopressin Deficiency (Central Diabetes Insipidus) , which used to be called diabetes insipidus. (See also Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Children and Adolescents .) 