women s health issues
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Causes of Bacterial Vaginosis
Many different types of bacteria normally reside in the vagina. One type, called lactobacilli, maintains the normal acidity of the vagina. By doing so, lactobacilli help keep the lining of the vagina healthy and prevent the growth of certain bacteria that cause infections. Bacterial vaginosis results when the number of protective lactobacilli decreases and the number of other bacteria that are normally present (such asGardnerella vaginalisandPeptostreptococcusbacteria) increases. Bacterial vaginosis is a shift in the balance of bacteria (vaginal microbiome). It is not considered a sexually transmitted infection. Bacterial vaginosis can occur in people who have never or have not recently had sexual activity. However, it is associated with some aspects of sexual activity. A current sexually transmitted infection is a risk factor for developing bacterial vaginosis, and conversely, people with bacterial vaginosis have a higher risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted infection. In some cases of bacterial vaginosis, if treatment is not successful, it is helpful to treat sex partners. 