pulmonary disorders
Bronchoscopy
Contraindications to Bronchoscopy
Absolute contraindicationsto bronchoscopy include Acute respiratory failure with hypercapnia (unless the patient is intubated and ventilated) High-grade tracheal obstruction Inability to adequately oxygenate the patient during the procedure Untreatable life-threatening arrhythmias Relative contraindicationsto bronchoscopy include Recent myocardial infarction Inability or unwillingness to hold still for the procedure Uncorrectable coagulopathy Transbronchial biopsy should be done with caution in patients with uremia, superior vena cava obstruction, or pulmonary hypertension because of increased risk of bleeding. Inspection of the airways is safe in these patients, however. 