special subjects
High Pressure Injection Injuries
Introduction
High-pressure injection (HPI) injuries occur when substances are accidentally injected by industrial equipment with pressure high enough to break the skin. The injected substance causes extensive tissue damage and sometimes results in amputation. High-pressure injection injuries are rare but have serious consequences, including loss of a limb. The affected body part may not be able to function normally, muscles may become permanently stiff, and people may have chronic pain and abnormal sensations. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent serious consequences. To diagnose the injury, doctors ask detailed questions about the injury and take x-rays. Treatment includes antibiotics and surgery. High-pressure injection (HPI) injuries are usually work-related but occasionally occur in hobbyists or homeowners. Most HPI injuries occur in the nondominant hand of male workers in their 30s. HPI injuries are rare, even though the use of high-pressure injection apparatus and activities are common in industry. Industrial fluids that may be injected include paints, air, solvents, gasoline, hydraulic fluid, grease, and water. HPI injuries have serious consequences, including loss of a limb. 