dental disorders
Halitosis
Etiology of Halitosis
Most cases result from oral conditions ( Etiology reference ). A variety of systemic and extraoral conditions account for the remainder (see table Themost common causesoverall are the following: Gingivitis or Smoking Ingested foods that have a volatile component Gastrointestinal disorders rarely cause halitosis, because the esophagus is normally collapsed. However, certain disorders (eg, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) [GERD], esophageal diverticula, stomach cancer) may cause halitosis. It is a fallacy that breath odor reflects a state of digestion and bowel function. Several systemic diseases produce volatile substances detectable on the breath, although not the particularly foul, pungent odors typically considered halitosis. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) (DKA) produces a sweet or fruity odor of acetone, 1.Fedorowicz Z, Aljufairi H, Nasser M, et al: Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis.Cochrane Database Syst Rev(4):CD006701, 2008. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006701.pub2. Update in:Cochrane Database Syst Rev(5):CD006701, 2016 