special subjects
Preoperative Evaluation
Testing
) pregnancy testing should be done in all women of childbearing age ( Testing references ). In symptomatic patients, those with known underlying disease, or those undergoing operations with a higher risk of significant bleeding or other complications, laboratory evaluation may include the following tests: Complete blood count (CBC) and urinalysis (glucose, protein, and cells) usually are done. CBC is particularly relevant in patients > 65 or in younger patients with significant anticipated blood loss. Serum electrolytes and creatinine and plasma glucose are measured unless patients are extremely healthy and<50, the procedure is considered very low risk, and use of nephrotoxic drugs is not expected. Liver tests are often measured if abnormalities are suspected based on the patient’s history or examination. Coagulation studies and bleeding time are needed only if patients have a personal or family history of bleeding diathesis or a disorder associated with bleeding. ECG is done for patients at risk of Overview of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), including all men Chest x-ray only in patients with symptoms of or risk factors for underlying cardiopulmonary disease. Overview of Tests of Pulmonary Function may be done if patients have a known chronic pulmonary disorder or symptoms or signs of pulmonary disease. Patients with symptomatic CAD need additional tests (eg, Stress Testing , 