digestive disorders
Traveler’s Diarrhea
Introduction
Traveler’s diarrhea is an infection characterized by diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting that commonly occur in travelers to areas of the world with poor water purification. Traveler's diarrhea can be caused by bacteria, parasites, or viruses. Organisms that cause the disorder are usually acquired from food or water, especially in countries where the water supply may be inadequately treated. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea can occur with any degree of severity. The diagnosis is usually based on the doctor's evaluation, but sometimes stool is tested for organisms. Treatment involves drinking plenty of safe fluids and sometimes taking antidiarrheal medications or antibiotics. Preventive measures include drinking only bottled carbonated beverages, avoiding uncooked vegetables or fruits, not using ice cubes, and using bottled water to brush teeth. (See also Overview of Gastroenteritis .) Traveler’s diarrhea occurs when people are exposed to bacteria, viruses, or, less commonly, parasites to which they have had little exposure and thus no immunity. The organisms are usually acquired from food or water (including water used to wash foods). Traveler’s diarrhea occurs mostly in countries where the water supply is inadequately treated. ) is the organism most likely to cause traveler’s diarrhea, particularly the E. coli Gastroenteritis , and viruses such as Travelers who avoid drinking local water may still become infected by brushing their teeth with an improperly rinsed toothbrush, drinking bottled drinks with ice made from local water, or eating food that is improperly handled or washed with local water. People who take medications that decrease stomach acid (such as antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors) are at risk of developing a more severe illness. 