hematology and oncology
Splenomegaly
Introduction
Splenomegaly is abnormal enlargement of the spleen. (See also Overview of the Spleen .) Splenomegaly is almost always secondary to other disorders. Causes of splenomegaly are myriad, as are the many possible ways of classifying them (see table Common Causes of Splenomegaly ). In temperate climates, the Connective tissue disorders Hepatic cirrhosis with portal hypertension Hemolytic anemias Infections (eg, hepatitis, mononucleosis) Infiltrative diseases (eg, Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Liver Disease (MASLD) , Lymphoproliferative disorders Overview of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms None Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) None In the tropics, the most common causes are Infectious diseases (eg, Malaria , If splenomegaly is massive (spleen palpable 8 cm below the costal margin), the cause is usually Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) None Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) None Gaucher Disease None Hairy cell leukemia Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas None Polycythemia Vera None Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF) None Splenomegaly can lead to cytopenias, a disorder called Hypersplenism . 