genitourinary disorders
Hypertensive Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis
Introduction
Hypertensive arteriolar nephrosclerosis is progressive renal impairment caused by chronic, poorly controlled hypertension. Symptoms and signs of chronic kidney disease may develop (eg, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, somnolence or confusion), as may signs of end-organ damage secondary to hypertension. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by ultrasonography and routine laboratory test findings. Treatment is strict blood pressure control and support of renal function. Hypertensive arteriolar nephrosclerosis results when chronic Hypertension damages small blood vessels, glomeruli, and tubulointerstitial tissues. As a result, progressive Hypertensive arteriolar nephrosclerosis progresses to end-stage renal disease in only a small percentage of patients. However, because chronic hypertension and hypertensive nephrosclerosis are common, hypertensive arteriolar nephrosclerosis is one of the most common diagnoses in patients with end-stage renal disease. It is often described as benign to distinguish it from malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis, which is a synonym for Hypertensive Emergencies . Risk factors include Older age Poorly controlled moderate to severe hypertension Other renal disorders (eg, Diabetic Nephropathy ) Black people are at increased risk; it is unclear if the risk is increased because poorly treated hypertension is more common among Black people or because they are more genetically susceptible to hypertension-induced renal damage. 