kidney and urinary tract disorders
Bladder Cancer
Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer
Blood in urine Cytology (examination of urine under the microscope) Cystoscopy (visualization of the inside of the bladder) and biopsy (examination of bladder tissue under the microscope) The diagnosis is often first suspected when blood is found in the urine. Blood may be detected when a routine microscopic examination of a urine specimen detects red blood cells, or sometimes the urine may be visibly red. Bladder cancer may be suspected if the symptoms of cystitis do not disappear with treatment. Special microscopic evaluation of urine (such as Diagnosis ) may detect cancer cells. Sometimes bladder cancer is detected when an imaging study such as Most bladder cancers are diagnosed by Cystoscopy and If the cancer has invaded the bladder muscle, additional testing, including abdominal CT and chest x-ray, is needed to determine whether a cancer has spread. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now be used to determine the extent of spread in the area around the bladder cancer. Improvements in detecting and staging bladder cancer are expected to improve outcomes by finding the cancer earlier. 