pediatrics
Amblyopia
Etiology of Amblyopia
There are 3 causes: Strabismus Refractive errors Obstruction of the visual axis Strabismus None Refractive errors(astigmatism, myopia, or hyperopia) can cause amblyopia due to a blurring of the image or images reaching the brain. Anisometropic amblyopia occurs in cases of an inequality of refraction between the two eyes, resulting in a different focus of the retinal images, with the image from the eye with the greater refractive error being less well focused. Bilateral amblyopia may occur in cases of equally high refractive errors in both eyes, because the brain receives two blurred images. at some point between the surface of the eye and the retina (eg, by a Congenital Cataract ) interferes with or completely prevents formation of a retinal image in the affected eye. This obstruction can cause amblyopia. 