hormonal and metabolic disorders
Amyloidosis
Forms of Amyloidosis
Amyloid deposits may be Systemic: widespread throughout the body Localized: affecting only one organ or tissue The severity of the disease depends on which organs are affected by the amyloid deposits. Systemic amyloidosis can be classified into four major groups: (light chain amyloidosis) occurs with abnormalities of Overview of Plasma Cell Disorders (a type of immune cell that makes antibodies) that cause them to produce excessive amounts of abnormal antibody proteins called light chains. Some people with AL amyloidosis also have cancer of the plasma cells ( may develop in response to various diseases that cause persistent infection or inflammation (such as Tuberculosis (TB) , AF (familial) amyloidosisis a collection of rare inherited diseases that causes symptoms in adulthood. The amyloid-producing defect occurs because of inherited mutations in specific proteins in the blood. These mutated proteins form amyloid fibrils that typically target the kidneys, nerves, or heart. Mutated transthyretin, a protein produced by the liver, is the most frequent cause of familial amyloidosis. ATTRwt (wild type transthyretin) amyloidosis(previously called senile systemic amyloidosis) usually affects the heart. It is much more common in men than in women. ATTRwt amyloidosis is caused by abnormal folding of normal (wild type, not mutated) transthyretin protein. It is not known what causes amyloid to build up in the heart. Localized amyloidosis occurs when amyloid is deposited in specific organs or tissues. For example, amyloid accumulates in the brain of people with Alzheimer Disease and is thought to play a role in causing Alzheimer disease. Localized amyloid deposits may also form in the skin, digestive tract, airways, or bladder. 