infections
Lyme Disease
Prevention of Lyme Disease
People should take precautions to avoid being bitten by a tick. If people may have been exposed to ticks, they should check their whole body very carefully after each possible exposure and remove any ticks they find. Checking is effective because ticks must usually be attached for more than a day and a half to transmit Lyme disease. People can reduce their chances of picking up or being bitten by a tick by doing the following: Staying on paths and trails when walking in wooded areas Walking in the center of trails to avoid brushing up against bushes and weeds Not sitting on the ground or on stone walls Wearing long-sleeved shirts Wearing long pants and tucking them into boots or socks Wearing light-colored clothing, which makes ticks easier to see Applying an insect repellent containing diethyltoluamide (DEET) to the skin Applying an insect repellent containingpermethrinto clothing or wearing clothing commercially pretreated withpermethrin Usually, Lyme disease is transmitted by young deer ticks (nymphs), which are very small, much smaller than dog ticks. So people who may have been exposed to ticks should check the whole body very carefully, especially hairy areas, every day. Inspection is effective because ticks must be attached usually for more than a day and a half to transmit Lyme disease. To remove a tick, people should use fine-pointed tweezers to grasp the tick by the head or mouthparts right where it enters the skin and should gradually pull the tick straight off. The tick's body should not be grasped or squeezed. Petroleum jelly, alcohol, lit matches, or any other irritants should not be used. If a person is bitten by a tick, doctors sometimes give the person a single dose ofdoxycyclineby mouth to prevent Lyme disease from developing. Alternatively, doctors may have the person observe the area of the bite and give antibiotics only if the person develops the typical rash or other symptoms that suggest early Lyme disease. 