gynecology and obstetrics
Genito Pelvic Pain Penetration Disorder
Etiology of Genito Pelvic Pain Penetration Disorder
Causes of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder may involve Etiology . may result from provoked vestibulodynia, genitourinary syndrome of menopause, dermatologic disorders (eg, Lichen Sclerosus , vulvar dystrophies), congenital malformations, Provoked vestibulodyniacan be primary or secondary: Primary: Is present from the first experience with penetration (whether by insertion of a tampon, a speculum examination, or sexual intercourse) Secondary: Develops in patients who have previously been able to have comfortable, pain-free penetration The etiology of provoked vestibulodynia is not entirely understood and may result from multiple factors, possibly including an inflammatory or immune response, an increased number of nerve fibers resulting in hyperesthesia, a hormonal imbalance, and pelvic floor dysfunction. Provoked vestibulodynia can occur in chronic pain syndromes, including Fibromyalgia , may result from pelvic floor muscle hypertonicity or uterine or ovarian disorders (eg, Uterine Fibroids , chronic A history of trauma or sexual trauma can also contribute to a genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. The termlevator ani syndromeis being increasingly used to replace vaginismus because symptoms of vaginismus typically result from levator ani muscle dysfunction. Levator ani syndrome may combine pain and emotional components. This disorder may be primary, occurring with the first attempt at sexual intercourse or secondary, occurring after a period of pain-free sex. 