gynecology and obstetrics
Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy
Risks of diabetes during pregnancy
Diabetes during pregnancy increases fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Neonates are at risk of respiratory distress, Neonatal Hypoglycemia , Poor control of preexisting (pregestational) or gestational diabetes during organogenesis (up to about 10 weeks gestation) increases risk of the following: Major congenital malformations Spontaneous Abortion None Poor control of diabetes later in pregnancy increases risk of the following: Large-for-Gestational-Age (LGA) Infant (usually defined as fetal weight > 4000 grams or > 4500 grams at birth) Preeclampsia and Eclampsia None Fetal Presentation, Position, and Lie (Including Breech Presentation) None Cesarean Delivery None Stillbirth None However, gestational diabetes can result in fetal macrosomia even if blood glucose is kept nearly normal. 