immunology allergic disorders
Heart Transplantation
Prognosis for Heart Transplantation
Survival rates at 1 year after heart transplantation are 85 to 90%, and annual mortality thereafter is about 4%. Pretransplantation predictors of 1-year mortality include Need for preoperative ventilation or left ventricular assist devices Cachexia Female recipient or donor Diagnoses other than heart failure or coronary artery disease Posttransplantation predictors include Elevated C-reactive protein and troponin levels Within 1 year, death most often results from acute rejection or infection; after 1 year, death most often results from cardiac allograft vasculopathy or a lymphoproliferative disorder. 1 year is excellent; exercise capacity remains below normal but is sufficient for daily activities and may increase over time with sympathetic reinnervation. More than 95% of patients reach New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification of Heart Failure , and 