bone, joint, and muscle disorders
Low Back Pain
Key Points
Low back pain is very common and usually caused by a musculoskeletal disorder of the spine plus other factors, such as fatigue, obesity, and lack of exercise. In young people, low back pain is rarely serious, and testing is usually unnecessary unless symptoms persist for weeks. People who have warning signs or who are over age 55 should see a doctor without delay. Strengthening abdominal and back muscles with specific exercises can help prevent the most common types of low back pain. For most low back pain, avoiding activities that stress the back, taking pain relievers, and sometimes applying ice or heat are sufficient treatment. Prolonged bed rest and traction can delay recovery. In severe cases, for example, when people have abnormal sensation and weakness in the legs, surgery may be needed. Vertebral compression fractures can be treated conservatively (with bracing, pain relievers, andcalcitoninnasal spray) or occasionally more aggressively with surgery. 