dental disorders
Overview of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs)
Introduction
The term temporomandibular disorders is an umbrella term for a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that involve the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the masticatory muscles, and all associated structures. Temporomandibular disorders (previously known as temporomandibular joint dysfunction or temporomandibular joint [TMJ] syndrome) often present with pain in the jaw, face, and neck and/or with dysfunction of the jaw joint (often joint sounds and/or a decreased range of motion) that is often accompanied by Approach to the Patient With Headache or ear pain. People are considered to have a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) when the pain or dysfunction is severe enough to make them seek professional care. Temporomandibular disorders typically are multifactorial in origin, but most are related to problems with masticatory muscles and ligaments of the temporomandibular joints or internal derangements within the joints themselves. Joint hypermobility can also contribute. Internal Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Derangement are a result of altered or disturbed movement of the mandibular condyle in the glenoid fossa or against the articular disk (see figure (See also Mandibular Dislocation , The joint is formed by the mandibular condyle and the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone; a fibrocartilaginous articular disk functions as a cushion between the joint surfaces. 