digestive disorders
Norovirus Gastroenteritis
Introduction
Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the lining of the stomach and small and large intestines. It can be caused by the norovirus. Norovirus is very contagious and spreads from person to person. Typically, people have diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. The diagnosis is based on a person’s history of recent contact with contaminated food, water, or people infected with the virus; recent travel; and sometimes laboratory tests. Thoroughly washing the hands after a bowel movement or contact with fecal matter and avoidance of undercooked foods and contaminated water are the best ways to prevent infection. Fluids are usually the only treatment needed, but some people may be given medications to help stop diarrhea. Norovirus infects people of all ages. It is now the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States in all age groups, including children (peak age is between 6 months and 18 months). Infections occur year-round in the United States, but most occur from November to April. Most people are infected after swallowing contaminated food or water. Because norovirus is highly contagious, infection can easily be spread from person to person. This virus causes most cases of gastroenteritis epidemics on cruise ships and in nursing homes. (See also Overview of Gastroenteritis .) 