infectious diseases
Zika Virus (ZV) Infections
Key Points
The Zika virus is transmitted primarily byAedesmosquitoes. Most Zika virus infections are asymptomatic; symptomatic infections are usually mild, causing fever, a maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, joint pain, retro-orbital pain, headache, and muscle pain (myalgia). Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause a serious birth defect called microcephaly, ocular and other lesions within the congenital Zika syndrome spectrum. Monitor brain development in all infants born to mothers infected with Zika virus, whether infants have microcephaly or ocular lesions or not, for ≥ 2 years. Test pregnant women for Zika virus if they have traveled to or live in areas of ongoing Zika virus transmission using serologic testing (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgM, the plaque reduction neutralization test) or RT-PCR. Treat supportively; treat fever withacetaminophenand avoid usingaspirinor NSAIDs until dengue has been excluded. Pregnant women should NOT travel to areas with ongoing Zika virus outbreaks. Prevention of Zika virus infection depends on controllingAedesmosquitoes and avoiding mosquito bites. Because Zika virus can be transmitted sexually, men and women who live in or have traveled to an area of ongoing Zika virus transmission should abstain from sexual activity or consistently and correctly use barrier methods during sex while their partner is pregnant. 