pediatrics
Urinary Incontinence in Children
Key Points
Primary urinary incontinence most frequently manifests as nocturnal incontinence (enuresis). Constipation should be considered as a contributing source. Most enuresis abates with maturation (15%/year), but at least 0.5% of adults have nighttime wetting episodes. Organic causes of incontinence are infrequent but should be considered. Alarms are the most effective treatment for maturational-related enuresis. Other treatments include behavioral interventions and sometimes medications. Parental education is essential to the child’s outcome and well-being. 