injuries poisoning
Hip Fractures
Introduction
Hip fractures may occur in the head, neck, or area between or below the trochanters (prominences) of the femur. These fractures are most common among older patients, particularly those with osteoporosis, and usually result from ground level falls. Diagnosis is by x-rays or, if needed, MRI. Treatment is usually with open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) or sometimes hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty. (See also Overview of Fractures .) Most hip fractures result from falls, but in older people, seemingly minimal force (eg, rolling over in bed, getting up from a chair, walking) can result in fracture, usually because Osteoporosis has weakened the bone. Fracture locations include Femoral head Femoral neck (subcapital) Intertrochanteric Subtrochanteric Subcapital and intertrochanteric fractures are the most common types. Complicationsof hip fractures include Osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head Fracture nonunion Osteoarthritis (OA) None Complications are more common among older patients with a displaced femoral neck fracture. In patients with femoral neck fractures, risk of osteonecrosis is increased because the fracture often disrupts the blood supply to the femoral head. 