gynecology and obstetrics
Assisted Reproductive Techniques
Introduction
Assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) involve manipulation of sperm and ova or embryos in vitro with the goal of producing a pregnancy. For assisted reproductive techniques, oocytes and sperm are collected from the intended parents or donors, and an embryo or the gametes are transferred to the woman's reproductive tract after culture in vitro. ARTs may result in multifetal pregnancy, but risk is much less than that with controlled ovarian stimulation. If risk of genetic defects is high, the embryo can often be tested for defects before transfer and implantation ( Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) ). 