pediatrics
Neonatal Hypercalcemia
Etiology of Neonatal Hypercalcemia
Themost common causeof neonatal hypercalcemia is Iatrogenic Iatrogenic causes usually involve excess calcium orvitamin D, or phosphate deprivation, which can result from prolonged feeding with incorrectly prepared formula. Other causesof neonatal hypercalcemia include Maternal hypoparathyroidism Subcutaneous fat necrosis Parathyroid hyperplasia Abnormal renal function Williams syndrome Idiopathic Maternal hypoparathyroidism or maternal hypocalcemia may cause secondary fetal hyperparathyroidism, with changes in fetal mineralization (eg, osteopenia). Subcutaneous fat necrosis may occur after major trauma and causes hypercalcemia that usually resolves spontaneously. Neonatal hyperparathyroidism is very rare. Williams syndrome's key features include supravalvular Aortic Stenosis , pulmonary valvular or peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis, Idiopathic neonatal hypercalcemia is a diagnosis of exclusion and is difficult to differentiate from Williams syndrome and often requires genetic testing. 