pediatrics
Congenital Rubella
Symptoms and Signs of Congenital Rubella
In a pregnant woman,rubella may be asymptomatic or characterized by upper respiratory tract symptoms, mild fever, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy (especially in the suboccipital and posterior auricular areas), and a maculopapular rash. This illness may be followed by joint symptoms. In the fetus,there may be no effects, death in utero, or multiple anomalies referred to as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The most frequent abnormalities include Intrauterine growth restriction Microcephaly None Meningoencephalitis Cataracts Retinopathy Hearing Impairment in Children None Cardiac defects ( Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) and pulmonary artery stenosis) Hepatosplenomegaly Bone radiolucencies Less common manifestations include thrombocytopenia with purpura, dermal erythropoiesis resulting in bluish red skin lesions, adenopathy, hemolytic anemia, and interstitial pneumonia. Ongoing observation is needed to detect subsequent hearing loss, intellectual disability, abnormal behavior, endocrinopathies (eg, diabetes mellitus), or a rare progressive encephalitis. Infants with congenital rubella infections may develop immune deficiencies such as hypogammaglobulinemia. 