kidney and urinary tract disorders
Acute Kidney Injury
Symptoms of Acute Kidney Injury
Symptoms depend on the Severity of decline in kidney function Rate of decline in kidney function Cause of decline in kidney function Early symptoms include Water retention, causing weight gain and swelling of the feet and ankles or puffiness of the face and hands Decreased amount of urine The amount of urine (which for most healthy adults is between 3 cups [about 750 milliliters] and 2 quarts [about 2 liters] per day) often decreases to less than 2 cups (about 500 milliliters) per day or stops completely. Very little urine production is called oliguria, and no urine production is called anuria. However, some people with acute kidney injury continue to produce normal amounts of urine. Later, as acute kidney injury persists and waste products accumulate in the body, people may experience Fatigue Decreased ability to concentrate on mental tasks Loss of appetite Nausea Overall itchiness (pruritus) People with acute kidney injury may develop more serious symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndromes (Heart Attack; Myocardial Infarction; Unstable Angina) , muscle twitching, or even seizures. If The passing of cola-colored urine may indicate a number of kidney diseases that damage the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidney. The brown color results from blood passing through the filtering units and may be the first sign of a condition known as a Glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the filtering units). Examples include postinfectious glomerulonephritis, antiglomerular basement membrane disease, and lupus nephritis. ). Urinary Tract Obstruction often causes a constant dull ache under the lower ribs but may cause crampy pain—ranging from mild to excruciating—usually along the sides (flanks) of the body. Some people with hydronephrosis have blood in their urine from an underlying cause, such as kidney stones. If the obstruction is located below the bladder, the bladder will enlarge. If the bladder enlarges rapidly, people are likely to feel severe pain and pressure in the pelvis, just above the pubic bone. If the bladder enlarges slowly, pain may be minimal, but the lower part of the abdomen may swell because of the enlarged bladder. If acute kidney injury develops during hospitalization, the condition often relates to some recent injury, surgery, medication, or illness such as infection. Symptoms due to the cause of the acute kidney injury may predominate. For example, high fever, life-threateningly low blood pressure ( ), and symptoms of Some of the conditions that cause acute kidney injury also affect other parts of the body. For example, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis , which damages blood vessels in the kidneys, may also damage blood vessels in the lungs, causing a person to cough up blood. Rashes are typical of some causes of acute kidney injury, including 