endocrine and metabolic disorders
Hypothyroidism
Introduction
Hypothyroidism is thyroid hormone deficiency. Symptoms include cold intolerance, fatigue, and weight gain. Signs may include a typical facial appearance, hoarse slow speech, and dry skin. Diagnosis is with thyroid function tests. Management includes administration of thyroxine. (See also Overview of Thyroid Function .) Hypothyroidism occurs at any age but is particularly common among older adults, where it may present subtly and be difficult to recognize. Hypothyroidism may be Primary: Caused by disease in the thyroid Secondary: Caused by disease in the hypothalamus or pituitary 