injuries poisoning
Bladder Trauma
Key Points
Most bladder injuries from external trauma are caused by blunt mechanisms and are accompanied by pelvic fractures and gross hematuria. Consider the diagnosis when there is a compatible mechanism of injury and suprapubic pain and tenderness, inability to void, hematuria, bladder distention, and/or unexplained shock or peritoneal signs. Confirm the diagnosis using retrograde cystography. Contusions and most extraperitoneal ruptures can be managed with catheter drainage alone. Complicated extraperitoneal ruptures and intraperitoneal ruptures should be surgically explored. Most bladder injuries during surgery are identified and repaired intraoperatively. 