infections
Onchocerciasis
Symptoms of Onchocerciasis
Onchocerciasis symptoms occur when the microfilariae die. Their death can cause intense itching, which may be the only symptom. A rash with redness may develop. Over time, the skin may thicken, roughen, and wrinkle. It may lose its elasticity and pigment in patchy spots. In severe cases, people may develop long folds of skin that hang down over their lower abdomen and upper thighs ("hanging groin"). Lymph nodes, including those in the genital area, may become inflamed and swollen. Lumps (nodules) containing adult worms form and may be seen or felt under the skin. Usually, these lumps do not cause symptoms. Effects on visionrange from mild impairment (blurring) to complete blindness. The eye may become inflamed and appear red. Exposure to bright light may cause pain. Without treatment, the cornea may become completely opaque and may scar—the cause of blindness. Other structures in the eye, including the iris, pupil, and retina, may be affected. The optic nerve may become inflamed and degenerate. If people become blind, they may become unable to work and provide for their family, and their life span may be decreased. 