endocrine and metabolic disorders
Hyperphosphatemia
Introduction
Hyperphosphatemia is a serum phosphate concentration>4.5 mg/dL (>1.46 mmol/L). Causes include chronic kidney disease, hypoparathyroidism, and metabolic or respiratory acidosis. Clinical features may be due to accompanying hypocalcemia and include tetany. Diagnosis is by serum phosphate measurement. Treatment includes restriction of phosphate intake and administration of phosphate-binding antacids, such ascalcium carbonate. (See also Overview of Disorders of Phosphate Concentration .) 