hematology and oncology
Monocytopenia
Introduction
Monocytopenia is a reduction in blood monocyte count to<500/mcL (<0.5 × 109/L). Risk of certain infections is increased. It is diagnosed by complete blood count with differential. Treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be needed. Monocytes migrate into the tissues where they become macrophages, with specific characteristics depending on their tissue localization. Peripheral blood monocytopenia does not usually indicate a decrease in tissue macrophages; in some cases it is associated with impaired granuloma formation in response to infections. Monocytopenia can increase the risk of infection, and it can indicate poor prognosis in patients withacetaminophen-induced hepatic damage, severe neutropenia, or thermal injuries. Monocytopenia can result from Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression (along with other cytopenias) Hematopoietic cell mutation involvingGATA2 Neoplastic disorders (eg, hairy cell leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) , Infections (eg, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection , Corticosteroid or immunoglobulin therapy Gastric or intestinal resection Transient monocytopenia can occur with Lymphocytopenia with infections, the stress response, endotoxemia, hemodialysis, or cyclic neutropenia. 