hormonal and metabolic disorders
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Screening for Diabetes
Blood glucose levels are often checked during a routine physical examination. Checking the levels of glucose in the blood regularly is particularly important in older adults because diabetes is so common in later life. People may have diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, and not know it. Screening for type 1 diabetes is not recommended for all children or adults. Doctors sometimes do tests to screen for type 1 diabetes in people at high risk of type 1 diabetes (such as siblings or children of people who have type 1 diabetes). Testing forinsulinantibodies allow doctors to identify people with early stage type 1 diabetes and start preventive measures. It is important to do screening tests in people at risk of type 2 diabetes, including those who Are 35 years or older Have overweight or obesity Have a sedentary lifestyle Have a family history of diabetes Have Prediabetes None Have had diabetes during pregnancy or had a baby who weighed more than 9 pounds (4,000 grams) at birth Have High Blood Pressure None Have a lipid disorder such as Dyslipidemia None Have cardiovascular disease Have Fatty Liver (previously called fatty liver disease) Have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) None Have racial or ethnic ancestry that is associated with high risk Have Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection None People with these risk factors should be screened for diabetes at least once every three years. Diabetes risk can also be estimated using a risk calculators from theAmerican Diabetes Association. Doctors may measure fasting blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1C level, or do an oral glucose tolerance test. If the test results are on the border between normal and abnormal, doctors do the screening tests more often, at least once a year. 