pulmonary disorders
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Etiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Anatomic risk factorsfor obstructive sleep apnea include An oropharynx “crowded” by a short or retracted mandible A prominent tongue base or tonsils A rounded head shape and a short neck A neck circumference>43 cm (> 17 in) Thick lateral pharyngeal walls and parapharyngeal fat pads Such risk factors may not predict severity. include postmenopausal status, aging, obesity, and alcohol or sedative use ( Etiology references ). Medical disorders that can cause or contribute to OSA include A family history of OSA is present in 25 to 40% of adult cases, reflective of polygenic risks affecting ventilatory drive or anatomy; genetic risks may vary by ethnicity ( Etiology references ). Likelihood of OSA in a given family member is proportional to the number of other affected family members. 1.Patel SR: Obstructive sleep apnea.Ann Intern Med171(11):ITC81-ITC96, 2019. doi: 10.7326/AITC201912030 2.Yi M, Tan Y, Pi Y, et al: Variants of candidate genes associated with the risk of obstructive sleep apnea.Eur J Clin Invest52(1):e13673, 2022. doi: 10.1111/eci.13673 