disorders of nutrition
Thiamin Deficiency
Introduction
Thiamin deficiency (causing beriberi and other problems) is most common among people whose diet mainly consists of white rice or highly processed carbohydrates in countries with high rates of food insecurity and among people with alcohol use disorder. A diet consisting mainly of white flour, white sugar, and other highly processed carbohydrates can cause thiamin deficiency. At first, people have vague symptoms such as fatigue and irritability, but a severe deficiency (beriberi) can affect the nerves, muscles, heart, and brain. The diagnosis is based on symptoms and a favorable response to thiamin supplements. Thiamin supplements, usually taken by mouth, can correct the deficiency. The Overview of Vitamins thiamin (vitamin B1) is widely available in the diet. It is essential for the processing (metabolism) of carbohydrates (to produce energy), proteins, and fats and for normal nerve and heart function. Thiamin is not toxic, so consuming excess amounts of thiamin is not a concern. Good sources of thiamin include dried yeast, whole grains, meat (especially pork and liver), enriched cereals, nuts, legumes, and potatoes. Thiamin deficiency often occurs with other B vitamin deficiencies. 