infectious diseases
Schistosomiasis
Dermatitis Caused by Avian and Animal Schistosomes
Cercarial dermatitis, a skin condition that also may be called clam digger's itch or swimmer's itch, occurs whenSchistosomaspecies that cannot develop in humans penetrate the skin during contact with contaminated fresh water or brackish water. Cercariae ofSchistosomaspecies that infect birds and mammals other than humans can penetrate human skin. Although the organisms do not develop in humans, humans may become sensitized and develop pruritic maculopapular or vesicular skin lesions at the site of penetration. Skin lesions may be accompanied by a systemic febrile response that runs for 5 to 7 days and resolves spontaneously. Cercarial dermatitis occurs worldwide. In North America, ocean-related schistosome dermatitis (clam digger's itch) occurs on all Atlantic, Gulf, Pacific, and Hawaiian coasts. It is common in muddy flats off Cape Cod. Freshwater schistosome dermatitis (swimmer's itch) is common in the Great Lakes region. Diagnosisof cercarial dermatitis is based on clinical findings. Most cases do not require medical attention. Treatmentof cercarial dermatitis is symptomatic with cool compresses, baking soda, or antipruritic lotions. Topical corticosteroids can also be used. 