bone, joint, and muscle disorders
Spondylolisthesis
Introduction
Spondylolisthesis is partial displacement of a bone in the lower back. Injuries or a degenerative condition can cause this disorder. Pain is felt in the low back and may travel down one or both legs. The diagnosis is based on the results of imaging tests. Treatment includes measures to relieve pain. The spine (spinal column) consists of back bones (vertebrae) stacked one on top of another. In lumbar spondylolisthesis, a vertebrae in the lower back slips forward. This disorder usually occurs during adolescence or young adulthood (often in athletes). It is usually caused by a birth defect or an injury that causes fractures (breaks) in a part of the vertebra. If both sides of the vertebra are involved, the vertebra can then slip forward over the one below it. Spondylolisthesis can also occur in older adults, mainly as the result of degeneration of the discs between the vertebrae or Osteoarthritis (OA) . People who develop spondylolisthesis as adults are at risk of developing 