kidney and urinary tract disorders
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Introduction
Tubulointerstitial nephritis is inflammation that affects the tubules of the kidneys and the tissues that surround them (interstitial tissue). This disorder may be caused by diseases, medications, and toxins that damage the kidneys. People may have excessive urination, urinate at night, or have fever and/or a rash. Laboratory tests of blood and urine are done as well as usually imaging tests and sometimes a kidney biopsy. Stopping exposure to the offending medications or toxins and treating underlying disorders improve kidney function. (See also Overview of Kidney Filtering Disorders .) Tubulointerstitial nephritis may be Acute (sudden) Chronic (gradual) Tubulointerstitial nephritis often results in Overview of Kidney Failure (loss of most kidney function). It may be caused by various diseases, medications, toxins, or radiation that damages the kidneys. Damage to the tubules results in changes in the amounts of electrolytes (for example, sodium and potassium) in the blood or in problems with the kidney's ability to concentrate urine, resulting in urine that is too dilute. Problems concentrating urine causes an increase in daily urine volume ( Diseases Kidney infection ( Kidney Infection ) Multiple Myeloma None Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) None Sarcoidosis None Sickle Cell Disease None Sjögren Syndrome None Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (lupus) Reflux Nephropathy (backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter, as can occur in children with Medications Allopurinol Anti-rejection medications for transplant recipients (such ascyclosporineandtacrolimus) Certain antibiotics (such as penicillins, cephalosporins,rifampin,ciprofloxacin, and sulfa medications such as sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim) Chemotherapy medications Certain diuretics (such asfurosemideandbumetanide) Lithium Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Proton-pump inhibitors (such asomeprazoleorlansoprazole) Toxins Aristolochic acid Cadmium Lead 