symptoms in infants and children
children s health issues
Vomiting in Infants and Children
If a specific disorder is the cause, it is treated. Vomiting caused by gastroenteritis usually stops on its own. Making sure children are well-hydrated is important. Fluids are usually given by mouth (see Dehydration in Children ). Oral rehydration solutions that contain the right balance of electrolytes are used. In the United States, these solutions are widely available without a prescription from most pharmacies and from supermarkets. Even children who are vomiting frequently may tolerate small amounts of solution that are given often. Typically, 1 teaspoon (5 milliliters) is given every 5 minutes. If children keep this amount down, the amount is gradually increased. With patience and encouragement, most children can take enough fluid by mouth to avoid the need for fluids by vein (intravenous fluids). However, children with severe dehydration and those who do not take enough fluid by mouth may need intravenous fluids. Drugs frequently used in adults to reduce nausea and vomiting are less often used in children because their usefulness has not been proved. Also, these drugs may have side effects that include drowsiness, dizziness, headache, and constipation. However, if nausea or vomiting is severe or does not go away, doctors may givepromethazine,prochlorperazine,metoclopramide, orondansetronto children who are over 2 years of age. As soon as children have received enough fluid and are not vomiting, they should be given an age-appropriate diet. Infants may be given breast milk or formula. 