special subjects
Volatile Solvents
Introduction
Inhalation of volatile industrial solvents and solvents from aerosol sprays can cause a state of intoxication. Chronic use can result in neuropathies and hepatotoxicity. Use of volatile solvents (eg, acetates, alcohol, chloroform, ether, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ketones) continues to be an endemic problem among adolescents. Common commercial products (eg, glues and adhesives, paints, paint strippers, cleaning fluids) contain these substances; thus, children and adolescents can easily obtain them. About 10% of adolescents in the US have reportedly inhaled volatile solvents. Typically, a solvent-soaked rag is placed in a bag or container that is held to the mouth and nose; the naturally volatilized vapors are then inhaled (huffing, sniffing). Volatile solvents temporarily stimulate the central nervous system before depressing it. Partial tolerance and psychologic dependence develop with frequent use, but a withdrawal syndrome does not occur. Some volatile solvents may contain methanol (carburetor cleaning sprays); clinicians should identify the contents of the solvent whenever possible. 