special subjects
Preoperative Evaluation
Procedural Risk Factors
Procedural risk is highest with the following: Heart or lung surgery Hepatic resection Intra-abdominal surgeries that are estimated to require a prolonged operative time or that have a risk of large-volume hemorrhage (eg, Whipple procedure, aortic surgery, retroperitoneal surgery) Open prostatectomy Major orthopedic procedures (eg, hip replacement) Patients undergoing elective surgery that has a significant risk of hemorrhage should consider banking blood for Blood Collection should it be needed. Autologous transfusion decreases the risks of infection and transfusion reactions. Emergency surgery has a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than the same surgery done electively. 