genitourinary disorders
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Key Points
RCC, an adenocarcinoma, accounts for 90 to 95% of primary malignant renal tumors. Symptoms (most often gross or microscopic hematuria) usually do not develop until the tumor is large or metastatic, so incidental discovery is common. Diagnose RCC by MRI or contrast-enhanced CT and do a chest x-ray, blood tests (including liver tests) to investigate staging. Treat most localized RCC by surgery, active surveillance or thermal ablation. Treat advanced RCC with combination immunotherapy, targeted pharmacotherapy,interferon alfa-2bor IL-2, palliative radiation, and/or surgery. 