hepatic and biliary disorders
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Etiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma is usually a complication of Cirrhosis . The presence of HBV increases risk of HCC by>100-fold among HBV carriers. Incorporation of HBV-DNA into the host’s genome may initiate malignant transformation, even in the absence of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. Other disorders that cause hepatocellular carcinoma include cirrhosis due to Hepatitis C, Chronic , Environmental carcinogens may play a role; eg, ingestion of food contaminated with fungal aflatoxins is believed to contribute to the high incidence of HCC in subtropical regions. 