injuries and poisoning
Shin Splints
Introduction
Shin splints refers to pain in the lower legs that can be from various causes but that typically is caused by running or vigorous walking. (See also Overview of Sports Injuries .) Pain can occur in the front or back of the leg below the knee. Ice, analgesics, rest, and stretching exercises can help. Repetitive impact forces in the legs during running or vigorous walking (such as hiking) can overload the muscles and tendons in the legs and cause shin pain. Excessive outward rotation of the foot on the leg (supination) may also cause or exacerbate shin splints. Shin splints may develop in the muscles in the front and outer parts of the shin (anterolateral shin splints) or in the muscles in the back and inner parts (posteromedial shin splints). Pain is felt in different areas, depending on which muscles are affected. 