pediatrics
Overview of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Neonates and Infants
Introduction
Several gastrointestinal disorders can affect both neonates and infants, including Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants None Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis None Intussusception None Meconium Ileus None Meconium Plug Syndrome None Necrotizing Enterocolitis None Neonatal Cholestasis None Neonates are also susceptible to other conditions that may become Miscellaneous Surgical Emergencies in Neonates such as Infectious Overview of Gastroenteritis is the most common pediatric gastrointestinal disorder. About 3 to 5 billion episodes occur worldwide each year, most commonly in medically underserved countries and predominately among children In the United States, more than 350 million cases of infectious gastroenteritis occur annually, leading to 100 to 300 deaths. Approximately 2% of children in developed countries will require hospitalization at some time because of acute gastroenteritis and dehydration. In the United States, acute gastroenteritis accounts for an estimated 200,000 hospitalizations and 1.5 million outpatient visits at a cost in excess of 2 billion dollars. The incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis, which was the most common viral cause, has decreased by 58 to 90% because of routine administration of the Rotavirus Vaccine . Norovirus is now the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children in the United States ( (See also Dehydration in Children .) 