hepatic and biliary disorders
Systemic Abnormalities in Liver Disease
Pulmonary Abnormalities
 Hepatopulmonary Syndrome is hypoxemia caused by pulmonary microvascular vasodilation in patients with Portopulmonary Hypertension is pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with portal hypertension that does not have secondary causes. Careful assessment of hemodynamics with right heart catheterization is required to distinguish portopulmonary from traditional pulmonary hypertension and helps determine the role for liver transplantation. 