brain, spinal cord, and nerve disorders
Hypoglossal Nerve Disorders
Introduction
Disorders of the 12th cranial nerve (hypoglossal nerve) cause weakness or wasting (atrophy) of the tongue on the affected side. This nerve moves the tongue. Hypoglossal nerve disorders may be caused by tumors, strokes, infections, injuries, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. People with hypoglossal nerve disorder have difficulty speaking, chewing, and swallowing. Doctors usually do magnetic resonance imaging and/or a spinal tap to identify the cause. The cause is treated. (See also Overview of the Cranial Nerves .) 