eye disorders
Tumors of the Orbit
Adults
 are most commonly Meningiomas , mucoceles, and cavernous venous malformations (previously known as are most commonly Overview of Lymphoma , Lymphomas involving the orbit are the most frequent malignant orbital tumor and are typically B-cell and characteristically low grade (usually a MALT lymphoma [mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue], also known as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma). Lymphomas can be bilateral and simultaneous and can be part of a systemic process or exist in the orbit in isolation. Many orbital lymphomas have minimal symptoms and findings despite impressive radiologic findings. Radiation therapy effectively treats orbital lymphomas with few adverse effects, but treatment with monoclonal antibodies (eg,rituximab) against a surface receptor (eg, CD20) on the lymphocyte is also effective and should be considered in addition to or instead of radiation therapy, particularly if lymphoma is systemic. Most squamous cell carcinomas arise from the adjacent paranasal sinuses. Surgery, radiation therapy, or both form the backbone of therapy. Metastatic disease is usually treated with radiation therapy. Metastatic disease involving the orbit is usually an unfavorable prognostic sign; carcinoid tumors are a notable exception. Lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma is treated with surgery and then usually with radiation therapy (sometimes proton beam therapy) or by a protocol using intra-arterial chemotherapy with radiation therapy and surgery. 