infectious diseases
Fluoroquinolones
Introduction
Fluoroquinolones exhibit Time vs concentration of a single dose of a theoretical antibiotic by inhibiting the activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase, enzymes essential for bacterial DNA replication. Fluoroquinolones are divided into 2 groups, based on antimicrobial spectrum and pharmacology: Older group:Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, andofloxacin Newer group:Delafloxacin,gemifloxacin,levofloxacin, andmoxifloxacin Many newer fluoroquinolones have been withdrawn from the US market because of toxicity when given systemically; they include trovafloxacin (because of severe hepatic toxicity),gatifloxacin(because of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia; it is still available in the US as an ophthalmic preparation), grepafloxacin (because of cardiac toxicity), temafloxacin (because of acute renal failure, hepatotoxicity, hemolytic anemia, coagulopathy, and hypoglycemia), and lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, and enoxacin. Drug Drug Route* Route* Ciprofloxacin Oral or parenteral Delafloxacin Oral or parenteral Gemifloxacin Oral Levofloxacin Oral or parenteral Moxifloxacin Oral or parenteral Norfloxacin Oral Ofloxacin Oral or parenteral * Several fluoroquinolones are also available as otic and ophthalmic formulations. 