pediatrics
Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot) and Other Foot Abnormalities
Pes planus (flat feet)
In pes planus (flat feet), the normal arch in the middle of the feet appears flattened. Until about 3 years of age, all children have flat feet and then the arch begins to develop. There are two main reasons for flat feet: Flexible flat feet Tarsal coalition Inflexible flat feet,the feet remain flat because the arch of the foot is unusually flexible. Flexible flat feet usually do not require treatment. However, if an older child has pain or cramps in the feet, corrective shoes may be needed. Intarsal coalition,the feet are fixed in a flattened position. Tarsal coalition may be a congenital defect or result from conditions such as injuries or prolonged swelling. Treatment of tarsal coalition often includes a cast. Sometimes surgically separating the stiffened foot joint restores mobility to the foot. 