pulmonary disorders
Pneumothorax
Etiology of Pneumothorax
Primary spontaneous pneumothoraxoccurs in patients without underlying pulmonary disease, classically in tall, thin young men in their teens and 20s. It is thought to be due to spontaneous rupture of subpleural apical blebs or bullae that result from smoking or that are inherited. It generally occurs at rest, although some cases occur during activities involving reaching or stretching. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax also occurs during diving and high-altitude flying. occurs in patients with underlying pulmonary disease. It most often results from rupture of a bleb or bulla in patients with severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] . The cause is intrathoracic Endometriosis , possibly due to migration of peritoneal endometrial tissue through diaphragmatic defects or embolization through pelvic veins. Pneumothorax (Traumatic) None Iatrogenic pneumothoraxis caused by medical interventions, including transthoracic needle aspiration, thoracentesis, central venous catheter placement, mechanical ventilation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 