cardiovascular disorders
Mitral Stenosis
Diagnosis of Mitral Stenosis
Echocardiography Diagnosis of mitral stenosis is suspected clinically and confirmed by Echocardiography . Typically, 2-dimensional echocardiography shows abnormal valve and subvalvular structures. It also provides information about the degree of valvular calcification and stenosis and LA size. Doppler echocardiography provides information about the transvalvular gradient and pulmonary artery pressure. The normal area of the mitral valve orifice is 4 to 5 cm Severity of mitral stenosisis characterized echocardiographically as Moderate: Valve area > 1.5 to 2.5 cm2or diastolic pressure half-time<150 msec Severe: Valve area≤1.5 cm2or diastolic pressure half-time≥150 msec; symptoms are often present However, the relationship between the area of the valve orifice and symptoms is not always consistent. Color Doppler echocardiography detects associated mitral regurgitation. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) can be used to detect or exclude small LA thrombi, especially those in the LA appendage, which usually cannot be seen transthoracically. TEE also can better assess mitral regurgitation when mitral calcification causes acoustic shadowing of the left atrium from the transthoracic window. An ECG and chest x-ray are usually obtained. Electrocardiography None Chest x-ray None Stress Testing None Cardiac Catheterization , 