menstrual disorders and abnormal vaginal bleeding
women s health issues
Menstrual Cramps
Menstrual cramps are pains in the lowest part of the abdomen (pelvis), a few days before, during, or after a menstrual period. The pain tends to be most intense about 24 hours after periods begin and to subside after 2 to 3 days. The pain is often crampy or a dull, constant ache, but it may be sharp or throbbing and may come and go. It sometimes extends to the lower back or legs. Many women also have a headache, nausea (sometimes with vomiting), and constipation or diarrhea. They may need to urinate frequently. Some women with painful periods also have symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) (such as irritability, nervousness, depression, fatigue, and abdominal bloating). These symptoms may persist during part or all of the menstrual period. Sometimes menstrual blood contains clots. The clots, which may appear bright red or dark, may contain tissue and fluid from the lining of the uterus, as well as blood. Symptoms tend to be more severe if Menstrual periods started at an early age. Periods are long or heavy. Women smoke. Family members also have dysmenorrhea. Symptoms tend to lessen after women have their first pregnancy and as they get older. 