infectious diseases
Typhoid Fever
Salmonella carrier state
 1 year. Some carriers have no history of clinical illness. Most of the estimated 2000 carriers in the US are older women with chronic biliary disease. Obstructive uropathy related to Schistosomiasis or nephrolithiasis may predispose certain typhoid patients to urinary carriage. Epidemiologic data indicate that typhoid carriers are more likely than the general population to develop hepatobiliary cancer. 