children s health issues
Hydrocephalus
Introduction
Hydrocephalus is an accumulation of extra fluid in the normal spaces within the brain (ventricles) and/or between the inner and middle layers of tissues that cover the brain (the subarachnoid space). The extra fluid usually causes an enlarged head and developmental problems. Hydrocephalus occurs when the fluid in the normal spaces in the brain (ventricles) cannot drain. The fluid may accumulate for many reasons, such as a birth defect, bleeding within the brain, or a brain tumor. Typical symptoms include an abnormally large head and abnormal development. The diagnosis is based on computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Surgery is needed to insert a drain (shunt) into the brain or to create an opening that allows fluid to drain. (See also Overview of Brain and Spinal Cord Birth Defects .) The fluid surrounding the brain is called cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid is produced in spaces within the brain called ventricles. The fluid is constantly being produced and must drain to a different area, where it is absorbed into the blood. When the fluid cannot drain, it accumulates in the ventricles and/or subarachnoid space, causing hydrocephalus (water on the brain). Often, the pressure in the ventricles and within the brain increases, compressing brain tissue. Many conditions, such as a birth defect, Bleeding In and Around the Brain (which is a complication particularly for Infants can be born with hydrocephalus or it can occur during or after birth. 