pediatrics
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
Introduction
Vesicoureteral reflux is retrograde passage of urine from the bladder back into the ureter and sometimes also into the renal collecting system, depending on severity. Reflux predisposes to urinary tract infection, often recurrent. Evaluation includes ultrasonography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder before and after voiding, and then fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Treatment depends on the cause and severity. 