immunology allergic disorders
Lung and Heart Lung Transplantation
Timing of transplantation referral
Timing of referral for transplantation should be determined by factors such as Degree of obstructive defect: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)<25 to 30% predicted in patients with COPD, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, or cystic fibrosis PaO2<55 mm Hg PaCO2>50 mm Hg Right atrial pressure>10 mm Hg and peak systolic pressure>50 mm Hg for patients with primary pulmonary hypertension Progression rate of clinical, radiographic, or physiologic disease 