infectious diseases
Poliomyelitis
Introduction
Poliomyelitis is an acute infection caused by a poliovirus (an enterovirus). Manifestations include a nonspecific minor illness (abortive poliomyelitis), sometimes aseptic meningitis without paralysis (nonparalytic poliomyelitis), and, less often, flaccid weakness of various muscle groups (paralytic poliomyelitis). Diagnosis is clinical, although laboratory diagnosis is possible. Treatment is supportive. 60:1 and are the main source of spread. (See also Overview of Enterovirus Infections .) Prevention has almost eradicated the disease worldwide. In 2022, wild-type poliovirus type 1 was circulating in only 2 countries (Afghanistan, 2 paralytic cases; Pakistan, 20 cases). In contrast, vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks were reported in an additional 31 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Israel, Malawi, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Yemen. (See also the In the United States, a case of vaccine-derived paralytic polio was identified in an unvaccinated person who acquired it in New York State in July 2022 ( References ). No additional cases have been identified in the United States, but wastewater surveillance has detected the virus in samples across several NY counties, indicating local transmission ( 