endocrine and metabolic disorders
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Complications
Years of poorly controlled hyperglycemia lead to multiple, primarily vascular complications that affect small vessels (microvascular), large vessels (macrovascular), or both. (For additional detail, see Complications of Diabetes Mellitus .) Microvascular diseaseunderlies 3 common and severe complications of diabetes mellitus: Diabetic Retinopathy None Diabetic Nephropathy None Diabetic Neuropathy None Microvascular disease may also impair wound healing, so that even minor breaks in skin integrity can develop into deeper ulcers and easily become infected, particularly in the lower extremities. Intensive control of plasma glucose can prevent or delay many of these complications but will not reverse them once established. involves Atherosclerosis of large vessels, which can lead to Angina Pectoris and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and Peripheral Arterial Disease None is another major complication and develops from the direct effects of hyperglycemia on Cellular Components of the Immune System . Patients with diabetes mellitus are particularly susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections. 