cardiovascular disorders
Hypertension
Symptoms and Signs of Hypertension
 120 mm Hg) can be asymptomatic (hypertensive urgency). When severe hypertension causes severe cardiovascular, neurologic, renal, and retinal symptoms (eg, symptomatic coronary atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertensive encephalopathy, renal failure), it is referred to as a Hypertensive Emergencies . A 4th heart sound is one of the earliest signs of hypertensive heart disease. may include arteriolar narrowing, hemorrhages, exudates, and, in patients with encephalopathy, papilledema ( Hypertensive Retinopathy ). Changes are classified (according to the Keith, Wagener, and Barker classification) into 4 groups with increasingly worse prognosis: Grade 1: Constriction of arterioles only Grade 2: Constriction and sclerosis of arterioles Grade 3: Hemorrhages and exudates in addition to vascular changes Grade 4: Papilledema 