special subjects
Problems in Transit
Ear and Sinus Pressure While Flying
Ear and sinus pressure while flying is the result of changes in air pressure in the airplane (cabin pressure). Normally as an airplane takes off and climbs (ascends), cabin pressure decreases, and small pockets of air trapped in the sinuses and middle ear expand, leading to ear pressure, ear popping, or both and to mild sinus pressure or discomfort. As an airplane descends, cabin pressure increases, and similar symptoms occur. These mild sensations usually disappear as air pressure in the sinuses and ears equalizes with cabin pressure. In people with allergies, sinus problems, and head colds, the passages that connect the ears and sinuses to the nose and mouth become inflamed and sometimes blocked by mucus, which prevents air pressure from equalizing normally. People with these problems may experience significant discomfort. Swallowing (particularly while holding the nose closed) frequently or yawning during descent, taking decongestants before descending, or blowing hard against a closed mouth and pinched nostrils helps equalize air pressure. Some people suck on hard candies during descent. These actions are normally sufficient to relieve minor ear and sinus discomfort. Untreated dental problems or teeth that were subjected to recent dental procedures may become painful when air pressure changes. Children are particularly susceptible to the pain of unequal air pressure. They should chew gum, suck hard candy, or be given something to drink during ascent and descent to encourage swallowing. Babies can be breastfed or given a bottle or pacifier. 