neurologic disorders
How to Assess the Cranial Nerves
2nd Cranial nerve
For the 2nd (optic) cranial nerve, visual acuity is tested using a Visual acuity for distance vision or a handheld chart for near vision; each eye is assessed individually, with the other eye covered. Color perception is tested using standard pseudoisochromatic Color vision testing or Hardy-Rand-Ritter plates that have numbers or figures embedded in a field of specifically colored dots. Visual fields are tested by directed confrontation in all 4 visual quadrants. Direct and consensual Diagnosis are tested. 