sleep disorders
brain, spinal cord, and nerve disorders
Insomnia and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS)
Insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness may be caused by conditions inside or outside the body. Some conditions cause insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, and some cause one or the other. Some people have chronic insomnia that has little or no apparent relationship to any particular cause. Genetic factors may be involved. Insomniais most often caused by Poor sleep habits, such as drinking a caffeinated beverage in the late afternoon or evening, exercising late at night, or having an irregular sleep-wake schedule Mental health disorders, particularly depression, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders Other disorders such as heart and lung disorders, disorders that affect muscles or bones, or chronic pain Stress, such as that due to hospitalization, loss of a job, or a death in the family (called adjustment insomnia) Excessive worrying about sleeplessness and another day of fatigue (called psychophysiologic insomnia) Sleeping late or napping to make up for lost sleep may make sleeping during the next night even harder. Excessive daytime sleepinessis most often caused by Insufficient sleep despite having ample opportunity to sleep (called insufficient sleep syndrome) Obstructive sleep apnea (a serious disorder in which breathing frequently stops during sleep) Various disorders, particularly mental health disorders, brain or nerve (neurologic) disorders (such as Encephalitis , Disorders that disrupt people's internal sleep-wake schedule ( Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ), such as jet lag and shift work disorder Most major mental health disorders are accompanied by insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness. About 80% of people with major depression have excessive daytime sleepiness and insomnia, and about 40% of people with chronic insomnia have a mental health disorder, usually Depression or an Any disorder that causes pain or discomfort, particularly if worsened by movement, can cause brief awakenings and interfere with sleep. Drugs, when used for a long time or when stopped (withdrawal), can cause insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness. Many mind-altering (psychoactive) drugs can cause abnormal movements during sleep and may disturb sleep. Sedatives that are commonly prescribed to treat insomnia can cause irritability and apathy and reduce mental alertness. Also, if a sedative is taken for more than a few days, stopping the sedative can make the original sleep problem suddenly worse. Sometimes the cause is a sleep disorder. Central sleep apnea None Narcolepsy None Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) None Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) None 