cardiovascular disorders
Arteriovenous Fistula
Diagnosis of Arteriovenous Fistula
Clinical evaluation Sometimes ultrasonography Fistulas are diagnosed clinically based on presence of thrill, murmur, and other signs. Doppler ultrasonography is the best confirmatory test. For fistulas that cannot be visualized with ultrasonography, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA) may be used. Imaging with conventional angiography is typically done when a catheter-based treatment is planned. 