genitourinary disorders
Overview of Nephrotic Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs of Nephrotic Syndrome
Primary symptoms include anorexia, malaise, and frothy urine (caused by high concentrations of protein). Fluid retention may cause Dyspnea (pleural effusion or laryngeal edema) Arthralgia (hydrarthrosis) Abdominal pain ( Ascites or, in children, mesenteric edema) Corresponding signs may develop, including peripheral edema and ascites. Edema may obscure signs of muscle wasting and cause parallel white lines in fingernail beds (Muehrcke lines). Other symptoms and signs are attributable to the many complications of nephrotic syndrome (see table). 