injuries poisoning
Approach to Sports Injuries
Overuse injuries
Overuse is one of the most common causes of athletic injury and is the cumulative effect of excessive, repetitive stress on anatomic structures. It results in trauma to muscles, tendons, cartilage, ligaments, bursae, fascia, and bone in any combination. Risk of overuse injury depends on complex interactions between individual and extrinsic factors. Individual patient factorsinclude Muscle weakness and inflexibility Joint laxity Previous injury Bone malalignment Limb asymmetries Extrinsic factorsinclude Training errors (eg, exercise without sufficient recovery time, excess load, building one group of muscles without training the opposing group, and extensive use of the same movement patterns) Environmental conditions (eg, excessive running on banked tracks or crowned roads—which stresses the limbs asymmetrically) Training equipment characteristics (eg, unusual or unaccustomed motions, such as those made while on an elliptical trainer) Runners most often sustain injury after too rapidly increasing their intensity or length of workouts. Swimmers may be least prone to overuse injuries because buoyancy has protective effects, although they still are at risk, particularly in the shoulders, from which most movement occurs. 