women s health issues
Barrier Contraceptives
Cervical Cap
The cervical cap, a hat-shaped silicone cup, is inserted into the vagina and positioned over the cervix. A cervical cap prevents sperm from entering the cervix. Cervical caps resemble diaphragms but are smaller and more rigid. Only one cervical cap is available in the United States. It comes in three sizes. Health care professionals determine what size a woman needs based on whether she has been pregnant before and whether the baby was delivered vaginally or by cesarean. Health care professionals must write a prescription for the cervical cap, but it does not need to be fitted for the woman. A spermicidal cream or gel should always be used with a cervical cap. The cap is inserted 15 minutes to 40 hours before sexual intercourse and left in place at least 6 hours after intercourse and not more than 48 hours. A strap is attached to the cervical cap for easy removal. The cervical cap can be washed and reused for 1 year. During the first year, the percentage of women who become pregnant with typical use is about 8% in women who have not had a baby. However, women who have had children are more likely to become pregnant when using a cervical cap than women who have not had children. Childbirth changes the cervix, making a secure fit with a cap less likely. 