cardiovascular disorders
Cardiovascular Examination
Introduction
Complete examination of all systems is essential to detect peripheral and systemic effects of cardiac disorders and evidence of noncardiac disorders that might affect the heart. Examination includes the following: Vital sign measurement Pulse palpation and auscultation Vein observation Chest inspection, and palpation Cardiac percussion, palpation, and Cardiac Auscultation None Lung examination, including percussion, palpation, and auscultation Extremity and abdomen examination Cardiac Auscultation is discussed in a separate topic. Despite the ever-increasing use of cardiac imaging, bedside auscultation remains useful as it is always available and can be repeated as often as desired without cost. Examination also includes the collection of other patient data. 