pediatrics
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD, ADHD)
ADHD in adults
Although ADHD is considered a disorder of children and always starts during childhood, the underlying neurophysiologic differences persist into adult life, and behavioral symptoms continue to be evident in adulthood in about half of cases. Although the diagnosis occasionally may not be recognized until adolescence or adulthood, some manifestations should have been present before age 12. In adults, symptoms include Difficulty concentrating Difficulty completing tasks ( Executive function impairments ) Mood swings Impatience Difficulty in maintaining relationships Hyperactivity in adults usually manifests as restlessness and fidgetiness rather than the overt motor hyperactivity that occurs in young children. Adults with ADHD tend to be at higher risk of unemployment, reduced educational achievement, and increased rates of substance abuse and criminality. Motor vehicle crashes and violations are more common. ADHD can be more difficult to diagnose during adulthood. Symptoms may be similar to those of Overview of Mood Disorders , Adults with ADHD may benefit from the same types of stimulant drugs that children with ADHD take. They may also benefit from counseling to improve time management and other coping skills. 