brain, spinal cord, and nerve disorders
Vascular Dementia
Types of vascular dementia
There are four major types of vascular dementias: Subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: Dementia results from tissue damage in the area of the brain under the cortex (the convoluted outer surface of the cerebrum, which is the largest part of the brain). Usually, smaller blood vessels are involved Multi-infarct dementia: Dementia is caused by several strokes and usually involves medium-sized blood vessels. Poststroke dementia: Cognitive decline begins immediately after or within 6 months after a stroke. Mixed dementia: Vascular dementia occurs with another dementia, often Alzheimer Disease . Subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment and dementia has several subtypes: Multiple lacunar infarction:Blockages occur in several small blood vessels located deep within the brain. Binswanger dementia:There are widespread blockages of small blood vessels in white matter, located in the deeper tissues of the brain. Typically, Binswanger dementia occurs in people who have severe, poorly controlled high blood pressure and a disorder that affects blood vessels throughout the body. Other types of vascular dementias are less common. They include Strategic single-infarct dementia:A single area of brain tissue in a crucial area is destroyed. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA): This type causes a slow decline in mental function and episodes of difficulty seeing and speaking, weakness and numbness on one side of the body. Bleeding may occur in the brain. If it does, symptoms occur suddenly. CAA is caused by accumulation of beta-amyloid (an abnormal protein) in blood vessels in brain, Most people with Alzheimer disease have CAA, but it also occurs in the brains of many healthy older people. Hereditary vascular dementias:These disorders affect small blood vessels. They are caused by mutations in certain genes. Two relatively common types are cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL). 