dermatologic disorders
Psoriasis
Introduction
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease that manifests most commonly as well-circumscribed, erythematous papules and plaques covered with silvery scales. Multiple factors contribute, including genetics. Common triggers include trauma, infection, and certain medications. Symptoms are usually minimal, but mild to severe itching may occur. Cosmetic implications may be major. Some people also develop psoriatic arthritis. Diagnosis is based on appearance and distribution of lesions. Treatment can include topical treatments (eg, corticosteroids, vitamin D3 analogs, calcineurin inhibitors,tazarotene,roflumilast,tapinarof, emollients,salicylic acid,coal tar,anthralin), phototherapy, and, when severe, systemic medications (eg,methotrexate, oral retinoids,cyclosporine, other immunosuppressants [biologics or small molecules]). Psoriasis is hyperproliferation of epidermal keratinocytes combined with inflammation of the epidermis and dermis. Estimates of the prevalence of psoriasis vary widely across different populations, and it is likely that psoriasis is underreported among people with dark skin compared with people with light skin ( References ). One study reported rates ranging from 0 to 1.4% in children and 0.5 to 11.4% in adults ( 