infectious diseases
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection
Prevention of HPV Infection
(For more information, see Childhood Vaccination Schedules and A9-valent vaccineand aquadrivalent vaccineprotect against the 2 types of HPV (types 6 and 11) that cause>90% of visible genital warts. These vaccines also protect against the 2 types of HPV (types 16 and 18) that cause most cervical cancers. The 9-valent vaccine also protects against other types of HPV (types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) that cause about 15% of cervical cancers. Abivalent vaccineprotects against only types 16 and 18. Only the 9-valent vaccine is available in the US. The current recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control are as follows: For both females and males up to age 26 years:HPV vaccine is recommended at age 11 or 12 years (can start at age 9 years) and for previously unvaccinated or not adequately vaccinated patients up through age 26 years. For adults 27 to 45 years:Clinicians should engage in a shared decision-making discussion with patients to determine whether they should be vaccinated. Because HPV can be transmitted by skin-to-skin contact, condoms do not fully protect against infection. 