pediatrics
Ureteral Anomalies
Introduction
Ureteral anomalies frequently occur with Renal Anomalies but may occur independently. Complications include Obstruction, Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR) , Urinary Incontinence in Children (due to abnormal termination of the ureter in the urethra, perineum, or vagina) Diagnosis of ureteral anomalies may be suggested by abnormalities on routine prenatal ultrasonography (eg, hydronephrosis) and occasionally by physical examination (eg, finding an external ectopic ureteral orifice or a palpable mass). Ureteral anomalies should be suspected in children with an episode of pyelonephritis or recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children and in girls with persistent urinary incontinence. Testing typically involves ultrasonography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder before and after voiding, and then fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography. Magnetic resonance urography may be used to identify an ectopic ureter associated with a nonfunctioning renal segment. Ureteral anomaly treatments are surgical. 