endocrine and metabolic disorders
Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Diagnosis of Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Thyroxine (T4) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Thyroid autoantibodies Thyroid ultrasonography Laboratory Testing of Thyroid Function consists of measuring T4, TSH, and thyroid autoantibodies. Early in the disease, T4 and TSH levels are normal and there are high levels of thyroid peroxidase antibodies and, less commonly, of antithyroglobulin antibodies (see table Thyroid ultrasonography should be done if there are palpable Approach to the Patient With a Thyroid Nodule . Ultrasonography often reveals that the thyroid tissue has a heterogeneous, hypoechoic echotexture with septations that form hypoechoic micronodules, and there may be reduced vascularity of the gland. Testing for other autoimmune disorders is warranted only when clinical manifestations are present or when there is a strong family history of Hashimoto thyroiditis or Graves disease associated with autoimmune polyglandular deficiency syndrome. 