endocrine and metabolic disorders
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Macrovascular Disease
Large-vessel Atherosclerosis is a result of the hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia characteristic of diabetes mellitus. Manifestations are Angina Pectoris and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) and Peripheral Arterial Disease None Diagnosis is made by history and physical examination. Treatment is rigorous control of atherosclerotic risk factors, including normalization of plasma glucose, lipids, and blood pressure, combined with Smoking Cessation , daily intake of 1.ACCORD Study Group; ACCORD Eye Study Group, Chew EY, et al. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes [published correction appears inN Engl J Med2011 Jan 13;364(2):190] [published correction appears inN Engl J Med2012 Dec 20;367(25):2458].N Engl J Med2010;363(3):233-244. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1001288 2.Nathan DM, Cleary PA, Backlund JY, et al. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes.N Engl J Med2005;353(25):2643-2653. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa052187 3.Zoungas S, Chalmers J, Neal B, et al. Follow-up of blood-pressure lowering and glucose control in type 2 diabetes.N Engl J Med2014;371(15):1392-1406. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1407963 