injuries and poisoning
Stress Fractures of the Foot
Introduction
Stress fractures are small, incomplete fractures (breaks) in bones that result from repeated stress rather than a distinct injury. (See also Overview of Sports Injuries .) Pain occurs with weight-bearing and worsens gradually. X-rays or a bone scan is done. The fractured part should not bear weight for at least 6 to 12 weeks. Stress fractures develop when repetitive weight-bearing exceeds the ability of the supporting muscles and tendons to absorb the stress and cushion the bones. Stress fractures can involve the thighbone, pelvis, or shin. More than half of all stress fractures involve the lower leg, most often the bones of the midfoot (metatarsals). Stress fractures do not result from a distinct injury (for example, a fall or a blow) but occur after repeated stress and overuse. Stress fractures of the metatarsal bones (march fractures) usually occur in runners who too quickly change the intensity or length of workouts and in poorly conditioned people who walk long distances carrying a load (for example, newly recruited soldiers). Other risk factors include a high foot arch, shoes with inadequate shock-absorbing qualities, and thinning bones ( ). Women and girls who exercise strenuously and do not eat an adequate diet (for example, some long distance runners and some athletes in sports that emphasize appearance) may be at risk of stress fractures. They may stop having menstrual periods ( Absence of Menstrual Periods ) and develop osteoporosis. This condition is known as the female athlete triad (amenorrhea, Stress fractures of the bones of the foot are sometimes called march fractures because they commonly occur among newly recruited soldiers who have recently started marching long distances. 