pediatrics
Large for Gestational Age (LGA) Infant
Symptoms, Signs, and Treatment of LGA Infant
LGA infants are large and plethoric. The 5-minutemay be low. These infants may be listless and limp and feed poorly. Delivery complications can occur in any LGA infant. Congenital anomalies and some metabolic and cardiac complications are specific to LGA infants of mothers with diabetes. Because of the infant’s large size, vaginal delivery may be difficult and occasionally results in Birth Injuries , particularly including Shoulder Dystocia None Fractures in Neonates None Perinatal asphyxia Other complications occur when weight is > 4000 g. There is a proportional increase in morbidity and mortality because of the following: Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Neonates (and need for ventilatory assistance) Meconium Aspiration Syndrome None Neonatal Hypoglycemia None Perinatal Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity Syndrome None Infants of mothers with diabetes are at risk of Neonatal Hypoglycemia None Neonatal Hypocalcemia and Perinatal Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity Syndrome None Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia None Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Neonates None Certain congenital anomalies Neonatal Hypoglycemia None -containing fluids are given IV. More evidence is needed about the effects of oral gel on long-term neurologic disability compared to other therapies for hypoglycemia ( Reference ). Neonatal Hypocalcemia and Perinatal Polycythemia and Hyperviscosity Syndrome None Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia None Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Neonates None Infants of mothers with diabetes None Congenital anomaliesare more likely in infants of mothers with diabetes because maternal hyperglycemia at the time of organogenesis is detrimental. Specific anomalies include Overview of Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ventricular septal defect, transposition of the great arteries, and aortic stenosis) Caudal regression syndrome Spina Bifida None Small left colon syndrome Persistently elevatedinsulinlevels can also lead to increased deposition of glycogen and fat into cardiomyocytes. This deposition can cause transient hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, predominantly of the septum. 1.Edwards T, Liu G, Battin M, et al: Oraldextrosegel for the treatment of hypoglycaemia in newborn infants.Cochrane Database Syst Rev3(3):CD011027, 2022. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011027.pub3 