infectious diseases
Yellow Fever
Prevention of Yellow Fever
Preventive measures include Mosquito avoidance Vaccination The most effective way to prevent yellow fever outbreaks is To maintain ≥ 80% vaccination coverage of the population in areas at risk of yellow fever It is also helpful to reduce the number of mosquitoes and limit mosquito bites by usingdiethyltoluamide(DEET), mosquito netting, and protective attire. The occurrence of death in monkeys due to yellow fever often indicates that jungle outbreaks are occurring with the risk of spillover to people. Unvaccinated individuals in these regions should evacuate the area until they are immunized. Prompt mass yellow fever vaccination of the population is used to control an ongoing yellow fever outbreak through immunization. A single dose of vaccine can provide life-long immunity against yellow fever. provides long-lasting protection and the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices no longer recommend a booster dose every 10 years for most travelers, not all points of entry into countries may be aware that this requirement has been suspended. Thus, it is probably more practical for those vaccinated > 10 years previously to get the booster and its accompanying official certificate and not risk being denied entry. A recent study showed that in infants vaccinated when 9 to 12 months of age, neutralizing antibodies may decline to undetectable levels in as little as 2 to 3 years, suggesting a loss of protection ( Prevention reference ) and possible necessity for a booster. In the United States, the vaccine is given only at US Public Health Service–authorized Yellow Fever Vaccination Centers ( Theyellow fever vaccineis contraindicated in the following: Pregnant women Infants < 6 months People with compromised immunity If infants aged 6 to 8 months cannot avoid travel to an endemic area, parents should discuss vaccination with their clinician since the vaccine is typically not offered until age 9 months. To prevent further mosquito transmission, infected patients should be isolated in rooms that are well screened and sprayed with insecticides. 1.Domingo C, Fraissinet J, Ansah PO, et al: Long-term immunity against yellow fever in children vaccinated during infancy: a longitudinal cohort study.The Lancet19:1363-70, 2019. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30323-8 