special subjects
Hydrofluoric Acid Exposure
Diagnosis of Hydrofluoric Acid Exposure
Clinical evaluation Electrolyte levels Diagnosis of problems due to hydrofluoric acid exposure begins with a thorough history and physical examination. Physicians should obtain information about potential exposure in the last 24 hours, including route and duration of exposure, concentration of HF, other chemicals in the formulation, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). There is no specific test for HF poisoning; however, hypocalcemia (ideally measured as ionized calcium), hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia, and elevated serum fluoride (if available) may suggest that systemic exposure has occurred. Except for the most minor burns, patients are usually admitted to the hospital for monitoring for systemic toxicity and for any indicated treatments. Pulmonary function testing is not necessary to do immediately but, if done, may detect a Restrictive disorders . If pulmonary edema is suspected, a chest x-ray and other appropriate testing (eg, pulse oximetry) are done. If the fingers are burned, x-rays are taken promptly to check for bone damage. If systemic exposure is possible, electrocardiography is done to check for the effects of Diagnosis (eg, a prolonged QT interval) and Endoscopy should generally be done for oral ingestion, and consultation with gastroenterology and/or otorhinolaryngology should be obtained. 