injuries poisoning
Stress Fractures
Introduction
Stress fractures are small incomplete fractures that often involve the metatarsal shafts. They are caused by repetitive weight-bearing stress. Stress fractures do not usually result from a discrete injury (eg, fall, blow) but occur instead following repeated stress and overuse that exceeds the ability of the supporting muscles to absorb the stress. Stress fractures can involve the proximal femur, pelvis, or lower extremity. Over 50% involve the lower leg and, in particular, the metatarsal shafts of the foot. Proximal stress fractures suggest the presence of metabolic bone disease such as Osteoporosis . Metatarsal stress fractures(march fractures) usually occur in Runners who too quickly change intensity of workouts, time of workouts, or both Poorly conditioned people who walk long distances carrying a load (eg, newly recruited soldiers) They most commonly occur in the 2nd metatarsal. Other risk factors include the following: Cavus foot (a foot with a high arch) Shoes with inadequate shock-absorbing qualities Osteoporosis Stress fractures also may be a sign of the female athlete triad ( Amenorrhea , 