infectious diseases
Anthrax
Introduction
Anthrax is caused by the gram-positiveBacillus anthracis, which are toxin-producing, encapsulated, facultative anaerobic organisms. Anthrax, an often fatal disease of animals, is transmitted to humans by contact with infected animals or their products. In humans, infection is typically acquired through the skin. Inhalation infection is less common; oropharyngeal, meningeal, and gastrointestinal infections are rare. For inhalation and gastrointestinal infections, nonspecific local symptoms are typically followed in several days by severe systemic illness, shock, and often death. Empiric treatment is with fluoroquinolones ordoxycycline. A vaccine is available. (See also the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’sEmergency Preparednessregarding anthrax.) 