blood disorders
Hemophilia
Symptoms of Hemophilia
The main symptom is Bruising and Bleeding . The bleeding may be into a joint or muscle, inside the abdomen or head, or from cuts, dental procedures, or surgery. A child who has hemophilia bruises easily. The severity of the bleeding depends on how a particular gene abnormality affects the blood clotting activity of factor VIII or factor IX. Mild hemophilia: Clotting activity is 5 to 49% of normal Moderate hemophilia: Clotting activity 1 to 5% of normal Severe hemophilia: Clotting activity less than 1% of normal People who have mild hemophilia may go undiagnosed. However, these people may bleed more than expected after surgery, dental extractions, or a severe injury. People with moderate hemophilia have few unprovoked bleeding episodes, but surgery or injury may cause uncontrolled and fatal bleeding. In moderate hemophilia, the first bleeding episode usually occurs before a child is 18 months old. Bleeding may occur after a minor injury. When hemophilia is severe, serious episodes of bleeding occur and recur after minor injury or for no apparent reason. In severe hemophilia, the first bleeding episode often occurs during or immediately after delivery. The infant may develop a collection of blood under the scalp (cephalhematoma) or may bleed excessively during circumcision. Even an injection into a muscle can cause bleeding that results in a large bruise and collection of blood (hematoma). Recurring bleeding into the joints and muscles can lead to crippling deformities. Bleeding can swell the base of the tongue until it blocks the airway, making breathing difficult. A slight bump on the head can trigger substantial bleeding in the brain or between the brain and the skull, causing brain damage and death. 