pediatrics
Neonatal Hospital Acquired Infection
Key Points
Nosocomial infection is primarily a problem for premature infants and for term infants with disorders requiring prolonged hospitalization. The lower the birth weight, the higher is the risk of infection, particularly in neonates with central catheters, endotracheal tubes, or both. Meticulous technique for inserting and maintaining catheters, tubes, and devices is essential for prevention; formal protocols improve adherence. Prophylactic antibiotics are not recommended except possibly during a confirmed nursery epidemic involving a specific pathogen. Inactivated vaccines should be given according to the routine schedule. 