pediatrics
Dyslexia
Symptoms and Signs of Dyslexia
Dyslexia may manifest as Delayed language production Speech articulation difficulties Difficulties remembering the names of letters, numbers, and colors Difficulties with word problems despite normal math computation skills Children with phonologic processing problems often have difficulty blending sounds, rhyming words, identifying the positions of sounds in words, and segmenting words into pronounceable components. They may reverse the order of sounds in words. Delay or hesitation in choosing words, substituting words, or naming letters and pictures is often an early sign. Short-term auditory memory and auditory sequencing difficulties are common. Fewer than 20% of children with dyslexia have difficulties with the visual demands of reading. However, some children confuse letters and words with similar configurations or have difficulty visually selecting or identifying letter patterns and clusters (sound–symbol association) in words. Reversals or visual confusions can occur, most often because of retention or retrieval difficulties that cause affected children to forget or confuse the names of letters and words that have similar structures; subsequently,dbecomesb,mbecomesw,hbecomesn,wasbecomessaw, andonbecomesno. However, such reversals are normal in children<8 years of age. Although dyslexia is a lifelong problem, many children develop functional reading skills. However, other children never reach adequate literacy. 