ear, nose, and throat disorders
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Causes of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Most episodes of BPPV are triggered by a change in head position—typically turning the head over on the pillow after awakening in the morning or tipping the head backward to reach a high shelf. BPPV usually develops when calcium particles (otoconia) that are normally embedded in one part of the inner ear (the utricle and saccule) are displaced and move into another part of the inner ear (most commonly the posterior semicircular canal). The inner ear contains three semicircular canals, which help with balance. Of the three canals,the posterior canal is in the best position to receive most of the loose particles through gravity during the night. Less commonly, the particles move into the other two canals. As the particles collect, they form a chalky sludge that exaggerates the movement of fluid in the canal when the head changes position. The result is overstimulation of nerve receptors (hair cells) inside the posterior canal, creating a false sensation of moving or spinning. Particles may be displaced from the utricle and saccule as people age. Or, displacement may be caused by Ear infections Head or ear injury Prolonged bed rest Ear surgery Some people with symptoms of BPPV have other disorders including other inner ear disorders (such as Meniere Disease ), blockage of an artery to the inner ear, and a tumor of the central nervous system. 