pulmonary disorders
Bronchial Carcinoid
Diagnosis of Bronchial Carcinoid
Bronchoscopic biopsy Diagnosis of bronchial carcinoid is based on bronchoscopic biopsy, but evaluation often initially involves chest CT, which reveals tumor calcifications in up to one third of patients. Indium-111–labeledoctreotidescans are useful for determining regional and metastatic spread. Increased urinaryserotoninand 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels support the diagnosis, but these substances are not commonly elevated. 