genitourinary disorders
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Type 4 (generalized) RTA
 triggers sodium resorption in exchange for potassium and hydrogen, there is reduced potassium excretion, causing Hyperkalemia and reduced acid excretion. Hyperkalemia may decrease ammonia excretion, contributing to This disorder is the most common type of RTA. It typically occurs sporadically secondary to impairment in the renin-aldosterone-renal tubule axis (hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism), which occurs in patients with the following: Diabetic Nephropathy None Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis None Other factors that can contribute to type 4 RTA include the following: ACE inhibitor use Aldosteronesynthase type I or II deficiency Angiotensin IIreceptor blocker use Chronic Kidney Disease , usually due to Overview of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia , particularly 21-hydroxylase deficiency Critical illness Cyclosporineuse Heparinuse (including low molecular weight heparins) HIV-Associated Nephropathy (due, possibly in part, to infection with Interstitial renal damage (eg, due to systemic lupus erythematosus, obstructive uropathy, or sickle cell disease) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Obstructive Uropathy None Other drugs (eg,pentamidine,trimethoprim) Potassium-sparing diuretics (eg,amiloride,eplerenone,spironolactone,triamterene) Primary adrenal insufficiency Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type I (type I or II) Volume expansion (eg, in acute glomerulonephritis or Chronic Kidney Disease ) 