 Hitting a dog is ineffective. Dogs don't understand the pain that comes from the hit because mommy dogs don't hit baby dogs. They nip them on the back of the neck. Hence, collars are on the back of the neck. People aren't stupid. They didn't put a collar around the belly of the dog. They put it on the back of the neck for a reason. That's why harnesses are ineffective because mommy dog doesn't grab the dog by the back and wrap its arms around it like a harness.