SHRINKAGE ANO TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT 1ensioo stresses in concrete can be caused by rapidly changing temperatures or when the curing pl OCC:$il or the concrete hu been 11CCclcratcd, which causes shrialaige as the concn:lc hardens. Reioforcerneot is needed to hold the re­ ulling cracks ti&hlly IO(;elhcr. A aood exnmple is a reinfo,-ced concrett high­ way pave Jneot. IJ\ continuously reinforced con. crete pavcmect, longitudinal reinforcement eliminates the need for cross.. jolnts. The initial drying shrink nge and temperature cycling can ca. use crooking at regular intervals. The re. inforcement is designed to hold those cracks tightly together so the pavement essentially. i. tts a$ on uncr.,cka J 1lub. The roof slabs of rclnfor:o;d ~ocrctc buildings arc subject to-wide tcmpcrz­ turc ch. 1n~,1:$ well ~ 1;. unc1tt_c: ~hnnk,agc. floor,b 1101 u-. u;_illy subjeciccl to wide tc:mpt:t<1ture. cl1anges, a1e. !bo sut,-jec L h'> shiin Joge. Jt is 8t1)c::rit 11111c1iu to pl. 1cc re,nforchis it. eel in slab. $ 11 right. uia!es-to ch..: ml WJ stress resic,tjng steel. m provide for tht"SC mc!ucru°st. n::5;Scs. This rcmforucrm;nl is refea«i to as te:mperntnr-c. and shri. ol~ge-Sh~el i:lml rntt)' OI-' <lesi_plated oa d. rawm_g:. as T &. S )tccl. lt1 reinforoed <:oncrete-~val. 4, tc1npcrarurc and shri~c-rcinfo~mcm is U$ed. 1t rtgh1. mglcs: ~o the main stcd ror Lhc :,Jtni: _purpu:. c. Oflen in \\'8JI constructio~ temperature and shrinkage reinforcem~r1t may be placerl hori­ zontally,and vcrtic~dly i. n u wall face for 1empemrure And shnnkn,se pur(''i Me$ only, even though thal face of lbe wall does nol resist any other tension forces. COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT IN COLUMNS While 100 main pul'J)OSt t0r tt,l\forclng ~eel in oo. ncrete is to resist tension fore~ it is also used to resist compression fon. :es.. The mosl \.-Ommon ll S-e of rcinforciqg s1ttl to resist co1~s:sion forces is in colunrns.. If concrete alone were used, ihe size of column required would he so lalge th3I it would be im prnctic:al and add considerable weight to the stlllcturc. Bccawc rcinfon:in. a bars arc about twenry times stronger than a. n equivalent area of concrete, they are used to resist pan or the column load. The concrute and reinforcing $!eel work together and Ille resulting column is smaller in size and lighter 111 weight. &-8 CQncrul Refnfon:ing S&eel lo&tituut Section 609 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 6-9