Making car travel less desirable, more expensive, slower, and inconvenient could also work, but punishing people, in general as history has shown, tends not to go well.
It is always challenging to induce change within cities, and we need to figure out ways to encourage and motivate people. First, we need to offer high quality public transport service and make these benefits available to everyone, so that people would consider choosing a bus or a train over their car. Making car travel less desirable, more expensive, slower, and inconvenient could also work, but punishing people, in general as history has shown, tends not to go well.