The results showed that advanced technologies were most advantageous when there were many connecting buses - the schedule slack was then close to zero.
With respect to using the intelligent transportation system (ITS) and environmental impacts, the European Commission published a comprehensive qualitative analysis of the potential of ITS technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions related to road transport and suggests that more research on the energy-reducing capacity of ITS applications is required (Bani et al., 2009). Dessouky et al. show the potential benefits of real-time control of timed transfers using intelligent transportation systems (Dessouky et al., 1999). The results showed that advanced technologies were most advantageous when there were many connecting buses - the schedule slack was then close to zero.