Due to the fact that most PT attributes (travel time, dwell time, demand, etc.) are stochastic, the passenger is likely to experience unplanned waiting and trip times.
Due to the fact that most PT attributes (travel time, dwell time, demand, etc.) are stochastic, the passenger is likely to experience unplanned waiting and trip times. This uncertainty (especially for buses) will create the undesirable vehicle-bunching phenomenon, unproductive service, increase of passenger waiting and travel times, and of passenger frustration. Inefficient PT operation not only causes a loss of existing and potential passengers, but also leads to major detrimental impacts on environmental aspects and resources.