If you end up with a big excess of a resource over something it pairs with, your plans had better include a port.
The last 4 photos show what you need to build roads, settlements, cities and development cards. Wheat is uniquely a part of 3 different builds, so is the one resource everyone should make sure they have. Ore always needs wheat in order to be played. Wood and brick are always used together in even amounts, so try to balance these. If you end up with a big excess of a resource over something it pairs with, your plans had better include a port. The fact that the same amount of brick and wood are needed in every game, but that there is one more wood tile than brick means that brick is more highly valued due to scarcity. There is a surplus of sheep in the basic game, so it is the easiest to trade for. Ore is the most powerful resource and it is tough to win without a decent supply of it; try to get at least as much wheat to go with it.