16 Umayyad Caliphate The Umayyad Caliphate (661 - 750 CE) was the second major Islamic caliphate after the Rashidun, with its capital in Damascus.
16 Umayyad Caliphate The Umayyad Caliphate (661 - 750 CE) was the second major Islamic caliphate after the Rashidun, with its capital in Damascus. It expanded across the Middle East, North Africa, and into parts of Europe, leaving a lasting cultural and political impact.