Individuals in the prostate cancer group were found to have significantly lower blood levels of lycopene, lutein, α-carotene, and β-carotene than those in the control group.
A 2022 study examined 116 plasma samples of Caucasian men with late-onset prostate cancer and 132 matched controls. They analyzed them for micronutrients. Individuals in the prostate cancer group were found to have significantly lower blood levels of lycopene, lutein, α-carotene, and β-carotene than those in the control group.