This mod­el rep­re­sents the mag­net­ic prop­er­ties of a 2D mate­r­i­al using a net­work of quan­tum spins that inter­act with their near­est neigh­bours.
IBM researchers have shown that it is pos­si­ble to achieve quan­tum advan­tage (or “suprema­cy”) with­out error cor­rec­tion. To do this, they used a 127-qubit quan­tum proces­sor to cal­cu­late the mag­neti­sa­tion of a mate­r­i­al using a 2D Ising mod­el. This mod­el rep­re­sents the mag­net­ic prop­er­ties of a 2D mate­r­i­al using a net­work of quan­tum spins that inter­act with their near­est neigh­bours. Appar­ent­ly sim­ple, this mod­el is known to be extreme­ly dif­fi­cult to solve.