However, other leading protocols like Zigbee, Z-Wave, and Insteon have emerged today, relying more heavily on modern wireless technology such as mesh-networking.
X10 was the initial industry standard for smart home automation, which facilitated the connection of devices primarily through power line wiring, radio frequency, and wireless-based protocols. However, other leading protocols like Zigbee, Z-Wave, and Insteon have emerged today, relying more heavily on modern wireless technology such as mesh-networking. All of these systems are complex, but in essence, they use electricity, radio waves, and wireless technology to send and receive messages between devices.