55] They include hormone-mimicking phytoestrogens and astringent tannins.[
Polyphenols of several classes are widespread in plants, having diverse roles in defenses against plant diseases and predators.[55] They include hormone-mimicking phytoestrogens and astringent tannins.[63][75] Plants containing phytoestrogens have been administered for centuries for gynecological disorders, such as fertility, menstrual, and menopausal problems.[76] Among these plants are Pueraria mirifica,[77] kudzu,[78] angelica,[79] fennel, and anise.[80]