large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb_75
large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb
English
12904
If an atom contained electrons in more than one shell and the outermost shell that held electrons held 8, that was a stable arrangement, too. IF AN ATOM CONTAINED ELECTRONS IN MORE THAN ONE SHELL AND THE OUTERMOST SHELL THAT HELD ELECTRONS HELD EIGHT THAT WAS A STABLE ARRANGEMENT TOO
t to one corner of a large sheet of paper will set that corner burning. The heat of the burning will ignite a neighboring portion of the sheet and so on till the entire sheet is burned. For that matter a single smoldering cigarette end can serve to burn down an entire forest in a vastly destructive chain reaction. Electrons and Energy The discovery of the structure of the atom sharpened the understanding of chemical energy. In 1904 the German chemist Richard Abegg (1869-1910) first suggested that atoms were held together through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. To see how this worked, one began by noting that electrons in an atom existed in a series of shells. The innermost shell could hold only 2 electrons, the next 8, the next 18 and so on. It turned out that some electron arrangements were more stable than others. If only the innermost shell contained electrons and it were filled with the 2 electrons that were all it could hold, then that was a stable arrangement. HAT CORNER BURNING THE HEAT OF THE BURNING WILL IGNITE A NEIGHBORING PORTION OF THE SHEET AND SO ON TILL THE ENTIRE SHEET IS BURNED FOR THAT MATTER A SINGLE SMOULDERING CIGARETTE END CAN SERVE TO BURN DOWN AN ENTIRE FOREST IN A VASTLY DESTRUCTIVE CHAIN REACTION ELECTRONS AND ENERGY THE DISCOVERY OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM SHARPENED THE UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMICAL ENERGY IN NINETEEN O FOUR THE GERMAN CHEMIST RICHARD A BEG EIGHTEEN SIXTY NINE NINETEEN TEN FIRST SUGGESTED THAT ATOMS WERE HELD TOGETHER THROUGH THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER TO SEE HOW THIS WORKED ONE BEGAN BY NOTING THAT ELECTRONS IN AN ATOM EXISTED IN A SERIES OF SHELLS THE INNERMOST SHELL COULD HOLD ONLY TWO ELECTRONS THE NEXT SHELL COULD HOLD EIGHT THE NEXT EIGHTEEN AND SO ON IT TURNED OUT THAT SOME ELECTRON ARRANGEMENTS WERE MORE STABLE THAN OTHERS IF ONLY THE INNERMOST SHELL CONTAINED ELECTRONS AND IT WERE FILLED WITH THE TWO ELECTRODES THAT WERE ALL IT COULD HOLD THEN THAT WAS A STABLE ARRANGEMENT
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