large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb_77
large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb
English
12904
In each case he turned it into heat and allowed the heat to raise the temperature of a given quantity of water. IN EACH CASE HE TURNED IT INTO HEAT AND ALLOWED THE HEAT TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF A GIVEN QUANTITY OF WATER
 substances, but whatever happened, the total mass at the end was exactly the same (as nearly as chemists could tell) as at the beginning. None was either created or destroyed, however, the nature of the matter might change. This was called the “law of conservation of mass”. [Illustration: _Lavoisier in his laboratory during his studies on respiration. From a sketch made by Madame Lavoisier._] [Illustration: _Antoine Lavoisier and his wife._] Naturally, it would occur to scientists to wonder if a similar law might hold for energy. The answer wasn’t easy to get. It wasn’t as simple to measure the quantity of energy as it was to measure the quantity of mass. Nor was it as simple to pen up a quantity of energy and keep it from escaping or from gaining additional quantity from outside, as it was in the case of mass. Beginning in 1840, however, the English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) began a series of experiments in which he made use of every form of energy he could think of. ICAL REACTIONS EVERYTHING ABOUT IT MIGHT CHANGE BUT NOT ITS MASS A SOLID MIGHT TURN INTO A GAS A SINGLE SUBSTANCE MIGHT CHANGE INTO TWO OR THREE DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES BUT WHATEVER HAPPENED THE TOTAL MASS AT THE END WAS EXACTLY THE SAME AS NEARLY AS CHEMISTS COULD TELL AS AT THE BEGINNING NONE WAS EITHER CREATED OR DESTROYED HOWEVER THE NATURE OF THE MATTER MIGHT CHANGE THIS WAS CALLED THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS NATURALLY IT WOULD OCCUR TO SCIENTISTS TO WONDER IF A SIMILAR LAW MIGHT HOLD FOR ENERGY THE ANSWER WASN'T EASY TO GET IT WASN'T AS SIMPLE TO MEASURE THE QUANTITY OF ENERGY AS IT WAS TO MEASURE THE QUANTITY OF MASS NOR WAS IT AS SIMPLE TO PEN UP A QUANTITY OF ENERGY AND KEEP IT FROM ESCAPING OR FROM GAINING ADDITIONAL QUANTITY FROM OUTSIDE AS IT WAS IN THE CASE OF MASS BEGINNING IN EIGHTEEN FORTY HOWEVER THE ENGLISH PHYSICIST JAMES PRESCOTT JEWEL EIGHTEEN EIGHTEEN EIGHTEEN EIGHTY NINE BEGAN A SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS IN WHICH HE MADE USE OF EVERY FORM OF ENERGY HE COULD THINK OF
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