large/6138/signsofchange_1209_librivox_64kb_mp3/signsofchange_10_morris_64kb_61
large/6138/signsofchange_1209_librivox_64kb_mp3/signsofchange_10_morris_64kb
English
6138
Owing to all these causes, the reserve army of labour necessary to our present system of manufactures for the gambling market, the introduction of labour saving machines (labour saved for the master, mind you, not the man), and the intensifying of the labour while it lasts, the employment of the auxiliary labour of women and children: owing to all this there are in ordinary years even, not merely in specially bad years like the current one, {184} more workers than there is work for them to do. OWING TO ALL THESE CAUSES THE RESERVE ARMY OF LABOR NECESSARY TO OUR PRESENT SYSTEM OF MANUFACTURES FOR THE GAMBLING MARKET THE INTRODUCTION OF LABOUR SAVING MACHINES LABOR SAVED FOR THE MASTER MIGHTIER NOT THE MAN AND THE INTENSIFYING OF THE LABOR WHILE IT LASTS THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE AUXILIARY LABOR OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN OWING TO ALL THIS THERE ARE IN ORDINARY YEARS EVEN NOT MERELY UNSPECIALLY BAD YEARS LIKE THE CURRENT ONE MORE WORKERS THAN THERE IS WORK FOR THEM TO DO
e, _the whole of which he gets from the exercise of the labour-power possessed by the worker_: he is anxious therefore to make the most of this privilege, and competes with his fellow-manufacturers to the utmost in the market: so that the distribution of wares is organized on a gambling basis, and as a consequence many more hands are needed when trade is brisk than when it is slack, or even in an ordinary condition: under the stimulus also of the lust for acquiring this surplus value of labour, the great machines of our epoch were invented and are yearly improved, and they act on labour in a threefold way: first they get rid of many hands; next they lower the quality of the labour required, so that skilled work is wanted less and less; thirdly, the improvement in them forces the workers to work harder while they are at work, as notably in the cotton-spinning industry. Also in most trades women and children are employed, to whom it is not even pretended that a subsistence wage is given. MAINS OVER AND ABOVE THE WHOLE OF WHICH HE GETS FROM THE EXERCISE OF THE LABOUR POWER POSSESSED BY THE WORKER HE IS ANXIOUS THEREFORE TO MAKE THE MOST OF THIS PRIVILEGE AND COMPETES WITH HIS FELLOW MANUFACTURERS TO THE UTMOST IN THE MARKET SO THAT THE DISTRIBUTION OF WARES IS ORGANIZED ON A GAMBLING BASIS AND AS A CONSEQUENCE MANY MORE HANDS ARE NEEDED WHEN TRADE IS BRISK THAN WHEN IT IS SLACK OR EVEN IN AN ORDINARY CONDITION UNDER THE STIMULUS ALSO OF THE LUST FOR ACQUIRING THIS SURPLUS VALUE OF LABOUR THE GREAT MACHINES OF OUR EPOCH WERE INVENTED AND ARE YEARLY IMPROVED AND THEY ACT ON LABOUR IN A THREEFOLD WAY FIRST THEY GET RID OF MANY HANDS NEXT THEY LOWER THE QUALITY OF THE LABOR ACQUIRED SO THAT SKILLED WORK IS WANTED LESS AND LESS THIRDLY THE IMPROVEMENT IN THEM FORCES THE WORKERS TO WORK HARDER WHILE THEY ARE AT WORK AS NOTABLY IN THE COTTON SPINNING INDUSTRY ALSO IN MOST TRADES WOMEN AND CHILDREN ARE EMPLOYED TO WHOM IT IS NOT EVEN PRETENDED THAT A SUBSISTENCE WEIGHT IS GIVEN
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