large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb_92
large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb
English
12904
Atoms could cling together not only as a result of the outright transfer of 1 or more electrons, but through sharing pairs of electrons. ADAMS COULD CLING TOGETHER NOT ONLY AS A RESULT OF THE OUTRIGHT TRANSFER OF ONE OR MORE ELECTRODES BUT THROUGH SHARING PAIRS OF ELECTRODES
ical reactions at all. The neon atom has 10 electrons—2 in the innermost shell, and 8 in the next—and it does not react. The argon atom has 18 electrons—2, 8, and 8—and it too is very stable. But what if an atom did not have its electron shell so neatly filled. The sodium atom has 11 electrons—2, 8, and 1—while the fluorine atom has 9 electrons—2 and 7. If the sodium atom passed one of its electrons to a fluorine atom, both would have the stable configuration of neon—2 and 8. This, therefore, ought to have a great tendency to happen. If it did happen, though, the sodium atom, minus 1 electron, would have a unit positive charge and would be Na⁺, a positively charged ion. Fluorine with 1 electron in excess would become F⁻, a negatively charged ion. The 2 ions, with opposite charges, would cling together, since opposite charges attract, and thus the molecule of sodium fluoride (NaF) would be formed. In 1916 the American chemist Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875-1946) carried this notion farther.  THE NEXT ELECTRONE SHELL AND IT DOES NOT REACT THE ARGON ATOM HAS EIGHTEEN ELECTRONES TWO EIGHT AND EIGHT AND IT TOO IS VERY STABLE BUT WHAT IF AN ATOM DID NOT HAVE ITS ELECTRON SHELL SO NEATLY FILLED THE SODIOM ATOM HAS ELEVEN ELECTRONS TWO EIGHT AND ONE WHILE THE FLORIN ATOM HAS NINE ELECTRONS TWO AND SEVEN IF THE SODIUM ATOM PASSED ONE OF ITS ELECTRONS TO A FLORINE ATOM BOTH WOULD HAVE THE STABLE CONFIGURATION OF NEEON TWO AND EIGHT THIS THEREFORE OUGHT TO HAVE A GREAT TENDENCY TO HAPPEN IF IT DID HAPPEN THOUGH THE SODIUM ATOM MINUS ONE ELECTRON WOULD HAVE A UNIT POSITIVE CHARGE AND WOULD BE SODIUM PLUS A POSITIVELY CHARGED ION FLORINE WITH ONE ELECTRON IN EXCESS WOULD BECOME FLORIN MINUS A NEGATIVELY CHARGED ION THE TWO IONS WITH OPPOSITE CHARGES WOULD CLING TOGETHER SINCE OPPOSITE CHARGES ATTRACT AND THUS THE MOLECULE OF SODIUM FLORIDE WOULD BE FORMED IN NINETEEN SIXTEEN THE AMERICAN CHEMIST GILBERT NEWTON LEWIS EIGHTEEN SEVENTY FIVE NINETEEN FORTY SIX CARRIED THIS NOTION FARTHER
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