large/475/federalist_papers_librivox_64kb_mp3/federalist-papers_40_64kb_15
large/475/federalist_papers_librivox_64kb_mp3/federalist-papers_40_64kb
English
475
There are two rules of construction, dictated by plain reason, as well as founded on legal axioms. The one is, that every part of the expression ought, if possible, to be allowed some meaning, and be made to conspire to some common end. THERE ARE TWO RULES OF CONSTRUCTION DICTATED BY PLAIN REASON AS WELL AS FOUNDED ON LEGAL AXIOMS THE ONE IS THAT EVERY PART OF THE EXPRESSION OUGHT IF POSSIBLE TO BE ALLOWED SOME MEANING AND BE MADE TO CONSPIRE TO SOME COMMON END
appears, 1st, that the object of the convention was to establish, in these States, A FIRM NATIONAL GOVERNMENT; 2d, that this government was to be such as would be ADEQUATE TO THE EXIGENCIES OF GOVERNMENT and THE PRESERVATION OF THE UNION; 3d, that these purposes were to be effected by ALTERATIONS AND PROVISIONS IN THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, as it is expressed in the act of Congress, or by SUCH FURTHER PROVISIONS AS SHOULD APPEAR NECESSARY, as it stands in the recommendatory act from Annapolis; 4th, that the alterations and provisions were to be reported to Congress, and to the States, in order to be agreed to by the former and confirmed by the latter. From a comparison and fair construction of these several modes of expression, is to be deduced the authority under which the convention acted. They were to frame a NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, adequate to the EXIGENCIES OF GOVERNMENT, and OF THE UNION; and to reduce the articles of Confederation into such form as to accomplish these purposes. ACTS IT APPEARS FIRST THAT THE OBJECT OF THE CONVENTION WAS TO ESTABLISH IN THESE STATES A FIRM NATIONAL GOVERNMENT SECOND THAT THIS GOVERNMENT WAS TO BE SUCH AS WOULD BE ADEQUATE TO THE EXIGENCIES OF GOVERNMENT AND THE PRESERVATION OF THE UNION THIRD THAT THESE PURPOSES WERE TO BE EFFECTED BY ALTERATIONS AND PROVISIONS IN THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AS IT IS EXPRESSED IN THE ACT OF CONGRESS OR BY SUCH FURTHER PROVISIONS AS SHOULD APPEAR NECESSARY AS IT STANDS IN THE RECOMMENDATORY ACT FROM ANNAPOLIS FOURTH THAT THE ALTERATIONS AND PROVISIONS WERE TO BE REPORTED TO CONGRESS AND TO THE STATES IN ORDER TO BE AGREED TO BY THE FORMER AND CONFIRMED BY THE LATTER FROM A COMPARISON AND FAIR CONSTRUCTION OF THESE SEVERAL MODES OF EXPRESSION IS TO BE DEDUCED THE AUTHORITY UNDER WHICH THE CONVENTION ACTED THEY WERE TO FRAME A NATIONAL GOVERNMENT ADEQUATE TO THE EXIGENCIES OF GOVERNMENT AND OF THE UNION AND TO REDUCE THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION INTO SUCH A FORM AS TO ACCOMPLISH THESE PURPOSES
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