large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_01_asimov_64kb_123
large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_01_asimov_64kb
English
12904
There were positive ions made up of atoms or groups of atoms, from which one or more of the electrons within the atoms had been removed. THERE WERE POSITIVE IONS MADE UP OF ATOMS OR GROUPS OF ATOMS FROM WHICH ONE OR MORE OF THE ELECTRONS WITHIN THE ATOMS HAD BEEN REMOVED
 would be +1. On the other hand, if an extra electron were forced onto the atom, the charge of +5 would be balanced by 6 electrons with a total charge of -6, and the net charge of the atom as a whole would be -1. Such electrically charged atoms were called “ions” and their existence had been suspected since Faraday’s day. Faraday had known that atoms had to travel through a solution under the influence of an electric field to account for the way in which metals and gases appeared at the cathode and anode. It was he who first used the term, ion, from a Greek word meaning “traveller”. The word had been suggested to him by the English scholar, William Whewell (1794-1866). In 1884 the Swedish chemist Svante August Arrhenius (1859-1927) had first worked out a detailed theory based on the suggestion that these ions were atoms or groups of atoms that carried an electric charge. [Illustration: _Svante A. Arrhenius_] By the close of the 19th century, then, Arrhenius’s suggestion seemed correct.  ELECTRON WERE FORCED INTO AN ATOM THE CHARGE OF PLUS FIVE WOULD BE BALANCED BY SIX ELECTRONS WITH A TOTAL CHARGE OF MINUS SIX AND THE NET CHARGE OF THE ATOM AS A WHOLE WOULD BE MINUS ONE SUCH ELECTRICALLY CHARGED ATOMS WERE CALLED IONS AND THEIR EXISTENCE HAD BEEN SUSPECTED SINCE FARADAY'S DAY FARADAY HAD KNOWN THAT ATOMS HAD TO TRAVEL THROUGH A SOLUTION UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD TO ACCOUNT FOR THE WAY IN WHICH METALS AND GASES APPEARED AT THE CATHODE AND ANNOED IT WAS HE WHO FIRST USED THE TERM ION FROM A GREEK WORD MEANING TRAVELER THE WORD HAD BEEN SUGGESTED TO HIM BY THE ENGLISH SCHOLAR WILLIAM WHEWELL SEVENTEEN NINETY FOUR EIGHTEEN SIXTY SIX IN EIGHTEEN EIGHTY FOUR THE SWEDISH CHEMIST SVANTA AUGUST ARINIUS EIGHTEEN FIFTY NINE NINETEEN TWENTY SEVEN HAD FIRST WORKED OUT A DETAILED THEORY BASED ON THE SUGGESTION THAT THESE IONS WERE ATOMS OR GROUPS OF ATOMS THAT CARRIED AN ELECTRIC CHARGE BY THE CLOSE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY THEN ERRHEUMOUS SUGGESTION SEEMED CORRECT
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