large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb_6
large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb
English
12904
To see how this worked, one began by noting that electrons in an atom existed in a series of shells. TO SEE HOW THIS WORKED ONE BEGAN BY NOTING THAT ELECTRONS IN AN ATOM EXISTED IN A SERIES OF SHELLS
 very high and the hydrogen and oxygen are combining to form water at an enormous rate. If a great deal of hydrogen and oxygen are well-mixed to begin with, the rate of reaction is so great that an explosion occurs. Such a situation, in which each reacting bit of the system adds energy to the system by its reaction and brings about more reactions like itself, is called a “chain reaction”. Thus, a match flame put to one corner of a large sheet of paper will set that corner burning. The heat of the burning will ignite a neighboring portion of the sheet and so on till the entire sheet is burned. For that matter a single smoldering cigarette end can serve to burn down an entire forest in a vastly destructive chain reaction. Electrons and Energy The discovery of the structure of the atom sharpened the understanding of chemical energy. In 1904 the German chemist Richard Abegg (1869-1910) first suggested that atoms were held together through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN ARE COMBINING TO FORM WATER AT AN ENORMOUS RATE IF A GREAT DEAL OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN ARE WELL MIXED TO BEGIN WITH THE RATE OF REACTION IS SO GREAT THAT AN EXPLOSION OCCURS SUCH A SITUATION IN WHICH EACH REACTING BIT OF THE SYSTEM ADDS ENERGY TO THE SYSTEM BY ITS REACTION AND BRINGS ABOUT MORE REACTIONS LIKE ITSELF IS CALLED A CHAIN REACTION THUS A MATCH FLAME PUT TO ONE CORNER OF A LARGE SHEET OF PAPER WILL SET THAT CORNER BURNING THE HEAT OF THE BURNING WILL IGNITE A NEIGHBORING PORTION OF THE SHEET AND SO ON TILL THE ENTIRE SHEET IS BURNED FOR THAT MATTER A SINGLE SMOULDERING CIGARETTE END CAN SERVE TO BURN DOWN AN ENTIRE FOREST IN A VASTLY DESTRUCTIVE CHAIN REACTION ELECTRONS AND ENERGY THE DISCOVERY OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM SHARPENED THE UNDERSTANDING OF CHEMICAL ENERGY IN NINETEEN O FOUR THE GERMAN CHEMIST RICHARD A BEG EIGHTEEN SIXTY NINE NINETEEN TEN FIRST SUGGESTED THAT ATOMS WERE HELD TOGETHER THROUGH THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER
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