large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb_54
large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb
English
12904
But what if an atom did not have its electron shell so neatly filled. BUT WHAT IF AN ATOM DID NOT HAVE ITS ELECTRON SHELL SO NEATLY FILLED
9-1910) first suggested that atoms were held together through the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. To see how this worked, one began by noting that electrons in an atom existed in a series of shells. The innermost shell could hold only 2 electrons, the next 8, the next 18 and so on. It turned out that some electron arrangements were more stable than others. If only the innermost shell contained electrons and it were filled with the 2 electrons that were all it could hold, then that was a stable arrangement. If an atom contained electrons in more than one shell and the outermost shell that held electrons held 8, that was a stable arrangement, too. Thus, the helium atom has 2 electrons only, filling the innermost shell, and that is so stable an arrangement that helium undergoes no chemical reactions at all. The neon atom has 10 electrons—2 in the innermost shell, and 8 in the next—and it does not react. The argon atom has 18 electrons—2, 8, and 8—and it too is very stable. GH THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM ONE ATOM TO ANOTHER TO SEE HOW THIS WORKED ONE BEGAN BY NOTING THAT ELECTRONS IN AN ATOM EXISTED IN A SERIES OF SHELLS THE INNERMOST SHELL COULD HOLD ONLY TWO ELECTRONS THE NEXT SHELL COULD HOLD EIGHT THE NEXT EIGHTEEN AND SO ON IT TURNED OUT THAT SOME ELECTRON ARRANGEMENTS WERE MORE STABLE THAN OTHERS IF ONLY THE INNERMOST SHELL CONTAINED ELECTRONS AND IT WERE FILLED WITH THE TWO ELECTRODES THAT WERE ALL IT COULD HOLD THEN THAT WAS A STABLE ARRANGEMENT IF AN ATOM CONTAINED ELECTRONS IN MORE THAN ONE SHELL AND THE OUTERMOST SHELL THAT HELD ELECTRONS HELD EIGHT THAT WAS A STABLE ARRANGEMENT TOO THUS THE HELIUM ATOM HAS TWO ELECTRONS ONLY FILLING THE INNERMOST SHELL AND THAT IS SO STABLE AN ARRANGEMENT THAT HELIUM UNDERGOES NO CHEMICAL REACTIONS AT ALL THE KNEON ATOM HAS TEN ELECTRONES TWO IN THE INNERMOST SHELL AND EIGHT IN THE NEXT ELECTRONE SHELL AND IT DOES NOT REACT THE ARGON ATOM HAS EIGHTEEN ELECTRONES TWO EIGHT AND EIGHT AND IT TOO IS VERY STABLE
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