large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_01_asimov_64kb_2
large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_01_asimov_64kb
English
12904
Cathode Rays An electric current flows through a closed circuit of some conducting material, such as metal wires. It starts at one pole of a battery, or of some other electricity generating device, and ends at the other. CATHODE RAYS AN ELECTRIC CURRENT FLOWS THROUGH A CLOSED CIRCUIT OF SOME CONDUCTING MATERIAL SUCH AS METAL WIRES IT STARTS AT ONE POLE OF A BATTERY OR OF SOME OTHER ELECTRICITY GENERATING DEVICE AND ENDS AT THE OTHER
ty of electricity would liberate only one-half, or only one-third, the usual number of atoms. (Thus, 18 units of electricity would liberate 18 atoms if distributed 1 to an atom; only 9 atoms if distributed 2 to an atom; and only 6 atoms if distributed 3 to an atom.) It was understood at the time that electricity existed in two varieties, which were called positive and negative. It appeared that if an atom attached a positive unit of electricity to itself it would be pulled in one direction through the solution by the voltage. If it attached a negative unit of electricity to itself it would be pulled in the other direction. [Illustration: _Michael Faraday_] The units of electricity were a great deal more difficult to study than the atomic units of matter, and throughout the 19th century they remained elusive. In 1891, though, the Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney (1826-1911) suggested that the supposed unit of electricity be given a name at least. He called the unit an “electron”. TY WOULD LIBERATE ONLY ONE HALF OR ONLY ONE THIRD THE USUAL NUMBER OF ATOMS THUS EIGHTEEN UNITS OF ELECTRICITY WOULD LIBERATE EIGHTEEN ATOMS IF DISTRIBUTED ONE TO AN ATOM ONLY NINE ATOMS IF DISTRIBUTED TWO TO AN ATOM AND ONLY SIX ATOMS IF DISTRIBUTED THREE TO AN ATOM IT WAS UNDERSTOOD AT THE TIME THAT ELECTRICITY EXISTED IN TWO VARIETIES WHICH WERE CALLED POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IT APPEARED THAT IF AN ATOM ATTACHED A POSITIVE UNIT OF ELECTRICITY TO ITSELF IT WOULD BE PULLED IN ONE DIRECTION THROUGH THE SOLUTION BY THE VOLTAGE IF IT ATTACHED A NEGATIVE UNIT OF ELECTRICITY TO ITSELF IT WOULD BE PULLED IN THE OTHER DIRECTION THE UNITS OF ELECTRICITY WERE A GREAT DEAL MORE DIFFICULT TO STUDY THAN THE ATOMIC UNITS OF MATTER AND THROUGHOUT THE NINETEENTH CENTURY THEY REMAINED ELUSIVE IN EIGHTEEN NINETY ONE THOUGH THE IRISH PHYSICIST GEORGE JOHNSTONE STONEY EIGHTEEN TWENTY SIX NINETEEN ELEVEN SUGGESTED THAT THE SUPPOSED UNIT OF ELECTRICITY BE GIVEN A NAME AT LEAST HE CALLED THE UNIT AN ELECTRON
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