large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_01_asimov_64kb_106
large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_01_asimov_64kb
English
12904
The alpha particles seemed to push the light electrons aside and to act as though the positively charged main body of the atom that Thomson had pictured was not solid, but was soft and spongy. THE ALPHA PARTICLES SEEMED TO PUSH THE LIGHT ELECTRONS ASIDE AND ACT AS THOUGH THE POSITIVELY CHARGED MAIN BODY OF THE ATOM THAT THOMPSON HAD PICTURED WAS NOT SOLID BUT WAS SOFT AND SPONGY
 groups of atoms, from which one or more of the electrons within the atoms had been removed. There were negative ions made up of single atoms or of groups of atoms, to which one or more extra electrons had been added. [Illustration: ] Neutral atom Each unit of positive charge is balanced by a unit of negative charge In this case, total charge = +2 -2 = 0 Ionized atom: If an electron is removed, the balance is destroyed In this case, total charge = +2 -1 = +1 Although Thomson’s model of the atom explained the existence of ions and the fact that atoms could give off electrons or absorb them, it was not satisfactory in all ways. Further investigations yielded results not compatible with the raisins-in-the-pound-cake notion. In 1906 Rutherford began to study what happened when massive subatomic particles, such as alpha particles, passed through matter. When alpha particles passed through a thin film of gold, for instance, they raced through, for the most part, as though nothing were there. D OUT A DETAILED THEORY BASED ON THE SUGGESTION THAT THESE IONS WERE ATOMS OR GROUPS OF ATOMS THAT CARRIED AN ELECTRIC CHARGE BY THE CLOSE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY THEN ERRHEUMOUS SUGGESTION SEEMED CORRECT THERE WERE POSITIVE IONS MADE UP OF ATOMS OR GROUPS OF ATOMS FROM WHICH ONE OR MORE OF THE ELECTRONS WITHIN THE ATOMS HAD BEEN REMOVED THERE WERE NEGATIVE IONS MADE UP OF SINGLE ATOMS OR OF GROUPS OF ATOMS TO WHICH ONE OR MORE EXTRA ELECTRONS HAD BEEN ADDED ALTHOUGH THOMPSON'S MODEL OF THE ATOM EXPLAINED THE EXISTENCE OF IONS AND THE FACT THAT ADAMS COULD GIVE OFF ELECTRONS OR ABSORB THEM IT WAS NOT SATISFACTORY IN ALL WAYS FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS YIELDED RESULTS NOT COMPATIBLE WITH THE RAISINS IN THE POUND CAKE NOTION IN NINETEEN O SIX RUFFORD BEGAN TO STUDY WHAT HAPPENED WHEN MASSIVE SUB ATOMIC PARTICLES SUCH AS ALPHA PARTICLES PASSED THROUGH MATTER WHEN ALPHA PARTICLES PASSED THROUGH A THIN FILM OF GOLD FOR INSTANCE THEY RACED THROUGH FOR THE MOST PART AS THOUGH NOTHING WERE THERE
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