large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_01_asimov_64kb_93
large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_01_asimov_64kb
English
12904
For instance, if all the electrons are removed so that only the nucleus remains, this nucleus is as massive as an atom but is so tiny in size that it can penetrate matter. The alpha particle would be a bare atomic nucleus from this point of view. Rutherford's model of the "nuclear atom" is still accepted today. FOR INSTANCE IF ALL THE ELECTRONS ARE REMOVED SO THAT ONLY THE NUCLEUS REMAINS THIS NUCLEUS IS AS MASSIVE AS AN ATOM BUT IS SO TINY IN SIZE THAT IT CAN PENETRATE MATTER THE ALPHA PARTICLE WOULD BE A BARE ATOMIC NUCLEUS FROM THIS POINT OF VIEW RUTHERFORD'S MODEL OF THE NUCLEAR ATOM IS STILL ACCEPTED TO DAY
shes caused by each impact are seen through the microscope (M). Below, alpha particles are shown bouncing off a nucleus in the gold foil._] [Illustration: ] By 1911 Rutherford announced his results to the world. He suggested that just about all the mass of the atom was concentrated into a very tiny, positively charged “nucleus” at its center. The diameter of the nucleus was only about 1/10,000 the diameter of the atom. All the rest of the atom was filled with the very light electrons. [Illustration: _Hans Geiger (left) and Ernest Rutherford at Manchester University about 1910._] According to Rutherford’s notion, the atom consisted of a single tiny positively charged lead shot at the center of a foam of electrons. It was Thomson’s notion in reverse. Still, the nucleus carried a positive charge of a particular size and was balanced by negatively charged electrons. Rutherford’s model of the atom explained the existence of ions just as easily as Thomson’s did and it explained more besides. RY LARGE FOR IF IT WERE ALPHA PARTICLES WOULD HIT IT FREQUENTLY INSTEAD THE ALPHA PARTICLES MADE VERY FEW HITS THIS MEANT THE MASSIVE PORTION WAS VERY SMALL AND THAT MOST ALPHA PARTICLES TORE THROUGH THE ATOM WITHOUT COMING ANYWHERE NEAR IT BY NINETEEN ELEVEN RUTHERFORD ANNOUNCED HIS RESULTS TO THE WORLD HE SUGGESTED THAT JUST ABOUT ALL OF THE MASS OF THE ATOM WAS CONCENTRATED INTO A VERY TINY POSITIVELY CHARGED NUCLEUS AT ITS CENTRE THE DIAMETER OF THE NUCLEUS WAS ONLY ABOUT ONE TEN THOUSANDTH THE DIAMETER OF THE ATOM ALL THE REST OF THE ATOM WAS FILLED WITH THE VERY LIGHT ELECTRONS ACCORDING TO RUTHERFORD'S NOTION THE ATOM CONSISTED OF A SINGLE TINY POSITIVELY CHARGED LEAD SHOT AT THE CENTRE OF A FOAM OF ELECTRONS IT WAS THOMSON'S NOTION IN REVERSE STILL THE NUCLEUS CARRIED A POSITIVE CHARGE OF A PARTICULAR SIZE AND WAS BALANCED BY NEGATIVELY CHARGED ELECTRONS RUTHERFORD'S MODEL OF THE ATOM EXPLAINED THE EXISTENCE OF IONS JUST AS EASILY AS THOMPSON'S DID AND IT EXPLAINED MORE BESIDES
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