large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb_22
large/12904/worldswithinworlds_v1-3_1904_librivox_64kb_mp3/worldswithinworlds_02_asimov_64kb
English
12904
The Energy of the Sun The most serious problem raised by the law of conservation of energy involved the sun. THE ENERGY OF THE SUN THE MOST SERIOUS PROBLEM RAISED BY THE LA LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY INVOLVED THE SUN
 charged ion. The 2 ions, with opposite charges, would cling together, since opposite charges attract, and thus the molecule of sodium fluoride (NaF) would be formed. In 1916 the American chemist Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875-1946) carried this notion farther. Atoms could cling together not only as a result of the outright transfer of 1 or more electrons, but through sharing pairs of electrons. This sharing could only take place if the atoms remained close neighbors, and it would take energy to pull them apart and break up the shared pool, just as it would take energy to pull 2 ions apart against the attraction of opposite charges. In this way the vague notions of atoms clinging together in molecules and being forced apart gave way to a much more precise picture of electrons being transferred or shared. The electron shifts could be dealt with mathematically by a system that came to be called “quantum mechanics” and chemistry was thus made a more exact science than it had ever been before. ITH OPPOSITE CHARGES WOULD CLING TOGETHER SINCE OPPOSITE CHARGES ATTRACT AND THUS THE MOLECULE OF SODIUM FLORIDE WOULD BE FORMED IN NINETEEN SIXTEEN THE AMERICAN CHEMIST GILBERT NEWTON LEWIS EIGHTEEN SEVENTY FIVE NINETEEN FORTY SIX CARRIED THIS NOTION FARTHER ADAMS COULD CLING TOGETHER NOT ONLY AS A RESULT OF THE OUTRIGHT TRANSFER OF ONE OR MORE ELECTRODES BUT THROUGH SHARING PAIRS OF ELECTRODES THIS SHARING COULD ONLY TAKE PLACE IF THE ATOMS REMAINED CLOSE NEIGHBORS AND IT WOULD TAKE ENERGY TO PULL THEM APART AND BREAK UP THE SHARED POOL JUST AS IT WOULD TAKE ENERGY TO PULL TWO IONS APART AGAINST THE ATTRACTION OF OPPOSITE CHARGES IN THIS WAY THE VAGUE NOTIONS OF ADAMS CLINGING TOGETHER IN MOLECULES AND BEING FORCED APART GAVE WAY TO A MUCH MORE PRECISE PICTURE OF ELECTRON'S BEING TRANSFERRED OR SHARED THE ELECTRON SHIFTS COULD BE DEALT WITH MATHEMATICALLY BY A SYSTEM THAT CAME TO BE CALLED QUANTUM MECHANICS AND CHEMISTRY WAS THUS MADE A MORE EXACT SCIENCE THAN IT HAD EVER BEEN BEFORE
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