large/12344/historyoffrance_1807_librivox_64kb_mp3/historyoffrance_01_yonge_64kb_5
large/12344/historyoffrance_1807_librivox_64kb_mp3/historyoffrance_01_yonge_64kb
English
12344
Pilgrimage to the Holy Land had now become one great means by which the men of the West sought pardon for their sins. Jerusalem had long been held by the Arabs, who had treated the pilgrims well; but these had been conquered by a fierce Turcoman tribe, who robbed and oppressed the pilgrims. PILGRIMAGE TO THE HOLY LAND HAD NOW BECOME ONE GREAT MEANS BY WHICH THE MEN OF THE WEST SOUGHT PARDON FOR THEIR SINS JERUSALEM HAD LONG BEEN HELD BY THE ARABS WHO HAD TREATED THE PILGRIMS WELL BUT THESE HAD BEEN CONQUERED BY A FIERCE TURCOMAN TRIBE WHO ROBBED AND OPPRESSED THE PILGRIMS
fuge and sanctuary, which often indeed protected the lawless, but which also saved the weak and oppressed. It was during these reigns that the Papacy was beginning the great struggle for temporal power, and freedom from the influence of the Empire, which resulted in the increased independence and power of the clergy. The religious fervour which had begun with the century led to the foundation of many monasteries, and to much grand church architecture. In the reign of _Philip I._, William, Duke of Normandy, obtained the kingdom of England, and thus became far more powerful than his suzerain, the King of France, a weak man of vicious habits, who lay for many years of his life under sentence of excommunication for an adulterous marriage with Bertrade de Montfort, Countess of Anjou. The power of the king and of the law was probably at the very lowest ebb during the time of Philip I., though minds and manners were less debased than in the former century. 5. The First Crusade (1095--1100).-- SANCTUARY WHICH OFTEN INDEED PROTECTED THE LAWLESS BUT WHICH ALSO SAVED THE WEAK AND OPPRESSED IT WAS DURING THESE REIGNS THAT THE PAPACY WAS BEGINNING THE GREAT STRUGGLE FOR TEMPORAL POWER AND FREEDOM FROM THE INFLUENCE OF THE EMPIRE WHICH RESULTED IN THE INCREASED INDEPENDENCE AND POWER OF THE CLERGY THE RELIGIOUS FERVOR WHICH HAD BEGUN WITH THE CENTURY LED TO THE FOUNDATION OF MANY MONASTERIES AND TO MUCH GRAND CHURCH ARCHITECTURE IN THE REIGN OF PHILIP THE FIRST WILLIAM DUKE OF NORMANDY OBTAINED THE KINGDOM OF ENGLAND AND THUS BECAME FAR MORE POWERFUL THAN HIS SUZERIN THE KING OF FRANCE A WEAK MAN OF VICIOUS HABITS WHO LAY FOR MANY YEARS OF HIS LIFE UNDER SENTENCE OF EXCOMMUNICATION FOR AN ADULTEROUS MARRIAGE WITH BERTHARD DE MONFER COUNTESS OF ANJOU THE POWER OF THE KING AND OF THE LAW WAS PROBABLY AT THE VERY LOWEST EBB DURING THE TIME OF PHILIP THE FIRST THOUGH MINDS AND MANNERS WERE LESS DEBASED THAN IN THE FORMER CENTURY FIVE THE FIRST CRUSADE TEN NINETY FIVE TO ELEVEN HUNDRED
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