36. 独立专家注意到 COVID-19 大流行期间的许多良好做法。由世卫组织及其合作伙伴发起的“获取 COVID-19 工具(ACT)加速计划”是一项全球协作项目，旨在加速 COVID-19 诊断工具、治疗方法和疫苗的开发、生产和公平获取。该计划于 2020 年 4 月启动，迄今已认捐 56 亿美元，仍需要 37 亿美元，此外，2021 年还需要 239 亿美元来实现其目标。其成员包括流行病防范创新联盟、全球疫苗免疫联盟、全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金、国际药品采购机制、创新性新诊断基金会、韦尔科姆信托基金、世界银行集团和比尔及梅林达·盖茨基金会。111截至 2020 年 9 月，已评估了 50 项诊断测试，预计将向低收入国家提供 1.2 亿份低价优质快速检测试剂。在治疗方法方面，ACT 加速计划的合作伙伴正在评估1,700 多项临床试验，并为低收入国家多达 290 万名患者提供了地塞米松，还达成了一项帮助促进低收入和中等收入国家未来获得单克隆抗体治疗的协议。112世卫组织继续在 ACT 加速计划的卫生系统对接支柱下评估 100 多个国家的卫生系统瓶颈和能力差距。106 见 www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/adar-poonawalla-india-bar-serum-institute-export-oxford-astrazeneca-covid19-coronavirus-vaccine-months-1755592-2021-01-04。107 Simon Tisdall, “In the age of COVID, sanctions against ‘rogue states’ just spread the misery”, op-ed,The Guardian, 18 October 2020. 可查阅 www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/oct/18/in-the-age-of-covid-sanctions-against-rogue-states-just-spread-the-misery。
36. The Independent Expert has noted many good practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator, convened by WHO and its partners, is a global collaboration aimed at accelerating the development and production of, and equitable access to, COVID-19 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines. The scheme was launched in April 2020, and $5.6 billion has been pledged to date, with $3.7 billion still needed, in addition to a further $23.9 billion needed in 2021 to achieve its aims. Its membership includes the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, the Gavi Alliance, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Unitaid, the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, the Wellcome Trust, the World Bank Group and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.111 As at September 2020, 50 diagnostic tests had been assessed, and 120 million affordable quality rapid tests were expected to be made available to low-income States. In the area of therapeutics, ACT-Accelerator partners are evaluating over 1,700 clinical trials and have secured dexamethasone for up to 2.9 million patients in low-income countries and an agreement to help to facilitate future access to monoclonal 104 Akash Bisht, “India lifts drug export ban after Trump’s ‘retaliation’ threat”, Al Jazeera, 7 April 2020. Available from www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/7/india-lifts-drug-export-ban-after-trumps-retaliation-threat. 105 See www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55860540. 106 See www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/adar-poonawalla-india-bar-serum-institute-export-oxford-astrazeneca-covid19-coronavirus-vaccine-months-1755592-2021-01-04. 107 Simon Tisdall, “In the age of COVID, sanctions against ‘rogue states’ just spread the misery”, op-ed, The Guardian, 18 October 2020. Available from www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/oct/18/