special criminal chambers, as set out in Organic Law No. 53, but that have not beenadequately integrated into the legal criminal framework, such as the crimes of enforced4 Related concerns were expressed in communication TUN 2/2021. Available athttps://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=26008.5 CCPR/C/TUN/CO/6, para. 11.6Ibid., para. 12 (c).
12. Organic Law No. 53 and Organic Law No. 17 of 2014 established a special regime for the operation of the specialized criminal chambers, which differed significantly from the existing criminal legal framework in that, under Organic Law No. 53, the authority of the Truth and Dignity Commission to investigate crimes and determine which cases would be referred to the chambers was normally entrusted to the Office of the Public Prosecutor, investigating judges and the indictment chamber. Furthermore, the Code of Criminal Procedure does not provide sufficient procedural standing for victims and their families, as required under international human rights law.6 There is also a lack of clarity regarding the applicable body of law criminalizing certain offences that fall within the jurisdiction of the special criminal chambers, as set out in Organic Law No. 53, but that have not been adequately integrated into the legal criminal framework, such as the crimes of enforced 4 Related concerns were expressed in communication TUN 2/2021. Available at https://spcommreports.ohchr.org/TMResultsBase/DownLoadPublicCommunicationFile?gId=26008. 5 CCPR/C/TUN/CO/6, para. 11. 6 Ibid., para. 12 (c). disappearance,7 torture,8 and excessive use of force.9