罪不罚现象。80 此外，《公约》要求缔约国“以一切适当方法实行消除一切形式种族歧视”81 并预计有必要采取“使若干须予必要保护的种族或民族团体或个人获得充分进展而采取的特别措施”或平权行动，“以期确保此等团体或个人同等享受或行使人权及基本自由”。82 特别报告员强调各国有义务采取特别措施纠正历史上的侵权行为和伤害。83
Furthermore, the Convention requires States parties “to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating racial discrimination in all its forms” 81 and anticipates the necessity of special measures or affirmative action “taken for the sole purpose of securing adequate advancement of certain racial or ethnic groups or individuals requiring such protection as may be necessary in order to ensure such groups or individuals equal enjoyment or exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms”.82 The Special Rapporteur has emphasized the obligation of States to undertake special measures to correct historical violations and harms.83