和谐关系的必要性“以及人权法平衡相互冲突但同样紧迫的问题的能力”。93根据《条例》第四十三条，虽然各国可以自主实施额外卫生措施来应对突发公共卫生事件，但这些措施必须与风险相称，符合人权要求，并有科学证据支持。另一方面，第四十四条概述了各国在建设国家公共卫生系统方面相互合作和援助的法律义务。这意味着各国共同负有并彼此分担着促进《条例》中所确定的核心公共卫生能力的国际责任。94 因此，《条例》为评估在 COVID-19 大流行期间，各国为帮助更加充分地实现人权展现或未展现国际团结的情况提供了国际法中的合理依据。95 独立专家在下文列举了一些欠缺国际团结的实例，说明了各国未展现出国际团结的程度。
93 Under article 43 of the Regulations, while States can implement sovereign additional health measures to respond to public health emergencies, those measures must be proportional to the risk, aligned with human rights imperatives and backed by scientific evidence. Under article 44, on the other hand, the legal duty of States to collaborate and assist one another in building national public health systems is outlined. That constitutes a common and shared international responsibility to facilitate the core public health capacities identified in the Regulations.94 As such, the Regulations form a valid basis in international law for assessing the extent to which States have, or have not, expressed international solidarity in aid of the fuller realization of human rights during the COVID-19 pandemic.95 The Independent Expert sets out below some examples of the kinds of gaps that are indicative of the extent to which States have not done so.