46. 根据对 11 组地下矿工的汇总分析而开发的电离辐射的生物效应（BEIR）VI模型为估计氡照射引发的风险和说明风险随受照以来时间的增加而减少等因素提供了一个坚实的基础。自 BEIR VI 报告以来，对于各种矿工群体的研究进行了更新，这些研究证实了第六委员会报告的与剂量和受照以来的时间有关的一般风险模式，其中包括一些考虑到受照以来时间的新系数。因此关于矿工的各项研究为评估氡照射引起的风险和考察修正因素对剂量反应关系的影响提供了强有力的基础。多阶段致癌过程的生物和细胞模型被用于分析来自矿工研究的数据。这些模型为评估我们在了解癌症发展机制和为了风险评估目的建立机制模型方面的不确定性提供了可能。
46. The BEIR VI model developed from the pooled analysis of 11 cohorts of underground miners provides a well-established basis for estimating risks from exposure to radon and accounts for factors such as the reduced risk with increasing time since exposure. Since the BEIR VI report, studies of various miner cohorts have been updated and these confirm the general patterns of risk with dose and with time since exposure that were reported by BEIR VI, including updated coefficients to take account of the time since exposure. Studies of miners therefore provide a strong basis for evaluating risks from exposure to radon and for investigating the effects of modifiers to the dose-response relationship. Biological and cellular models of the multistage process of carcinogenesis are used to analyse the data from studies on miners. They offer the possibility of assessing the uncertainties in our understanding of the mechanisms for the development of cancer and in modelling the mechanisms for the purposes of risk estimation.