5. 强调政府和社区应一道努力 有效地应对此种挑战 需要实行包括犯罪控制犯罪预防和社会相互支持措施的综合政策 还鼓励在国家一级开展部与部之间的合作和在地方一级加强合作伙伴之间的横向联合 地方一级的行动是开展预防活动的原动力 因为地方一级采取的行动涉及受影响的人 是最切合当地问题的在这方面 一些不同的手段证明是有效的 这些不同的手段包括建立社区委员会加强中央政府和地方政府之间的安全和保安联系 一些发言者指出 综合和知情的做法应包括注重情况和社会发展及针对种种风险因素对社区进行改组的措施几位发言者强调指出 建立关键机构和社区之间的真正伙伴关系是一个长期的过程 需要进行情况交流和相互帮助 取得的关键经验教训包括 需要有政治领导和承诺 确保地方官员的参与 需要把地方战略和国家战略结合起来 考虑到地方的关切和对从业人员提供适当培训的重要性
5. It was emphasized that Governments and communities should work together to respondeffectively to such challenges. Integrated policies that involved crime control, crime prevention and social solidarity measures were required. Inter-ministerial cooperation at the national level and the horizontal integration of partners at the local level were also encouraged. Action at the local level was viewed as the engine of prevention, since it involved the affected populations and was most attuned to local issues. In this regard, various tools had proved to be effective. These included the establishment of community councils and safety and security contracts between central and local governments. A number of speakers stated that integrated and knowledge-based approaches should involve situational, social development and community reorganization measures that targeted risk factors. Several speakers stressed that the establishment of true partnerships between key agencies and the community was a long-term process, requiring the sharing of information and power. Key lessons learned included the need for political leadership and commitment, ensuring the involvement of local officials, the need to integrate local and national strategies, and the importance of taking local concerns into account and providing proper training for practitioners.