作为缔约国报告组成部分的共同核心文件乌拉圭 *［收到日期：2016 年 11 月 8 日］* 本文件未经正式编辑印发。国际人权文书 Distr.: General27 December 2016ChineseOriginal: SpanishGE.16-22968 (EXT)目录页次一. 国土与人口............................................................................................................................ 3A. 地理和人口特征............................................................................................................ 3B. 经济、社会和文化特征................................................................................................ 4二. 总体政治结构........................................................................................................................ 4A. 政治和经济历史............................................................................................................ 4B. 政府结构........................................................................................................................ 6三. 保护人权的总体法律框架.................................................................................................... 92 GE.16-22968 (EXT)一. 国土与人口A. 地理和人口特征1. 乌拉圭东岸共和国位于拉普拉塔河与乌拉圭河左岸。西邻阿根廷共和国，东北与巴西联邦共和国接壤，东南濒大西洋，南接拉普拉塔河。其首都是蒙得维的亚。2. 国内人口大多数为欧洲人后裔，主要是在十九世纪末二十世纪初涌入乌拉圭的西班牙人、意大利人和法国人。根据 2011 年的普查数据，这一群体占到国内人口的 93.1%。非洲裔人口占国内人口的 8.1%，大多集中在首都和国家北部地区，主要是与巴西联邦共和国接壤的边境地区。从人数上说，这部分人口是国内主要的少数民族−种族群体。与此同时，据估计，土著人口占国内人口的 5%，亚裔人口占 0.5%，其他未列明血统的占 0.2%。1 乌拉圭的官方语言是西班牙语，《宪法》第 5 条规定：“乌拉圭实行宗教信仰自由，国家不奉行任何一种宗教”。3. 国土面积：• 总面积：318,392 平方公里；• 陆地面积：176,215 平方公里(± 64 平方公里)；
Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties Uruguay* [Date received: 8 November 2016] * The present document is being issued without formal editing. United Nations HRI/CORE/URY/2016 International Human Rights Instruments Distr.: General 27 December 2016 English Original: Spanish Contents Page I. Land and people ............................................................................................................................ 3 A. Geographic and demographic characteristics ....................................................................... 3 B. Economic, social and cultural characteristics ....................................................................... 4 II. General political structure ............................................................................................................. 4 A. Political and economic history.............................................................................................. 4 B. Structure of the Government................................................................................................. 5 III. General legal framework within which human rights are protected.............................................. 9 I. Land and people A. Geographic and demographic characteristics 1. The Eastern Republic of Uruguay is located on the left bank of the Río de la Plata and the Uruguay River. It is bounded to the west by Argentina and to the north-east by Brazil and has coasts on the Atlantic Ocean to the south-east and the Río de la Plata to the south. The capital is Montevideo. 2. Most of the population is of European ancestry, mainly the descendants of Spanish, Italian and French immigrants who arrived in the country in massive waves in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. According to data from the 2011 census, this group accounts for 93.1 per cent of the country’s population. The population of African descent accounts for 8.1 per cent of the total and is highly concentrated in the capital and the northern part of the country, mainly in areas along the border with Brazil. Persons of African descent are thus the country’s largest ethnic and racial minority. It is estimated that persons of indigenous descent account for 5 per cent of the country’s population, whereas persons of Asian descent account for 0.5 per cent and unspecified others for 0.2 per cent.1 The official language is Spanish, and, as stated in article 5 of the Constitution, Uruguay has complete freedom of worship and no State-supported religion. 3. Land area: • Total area: 318,392 km2 • Land area: 176,215 km2 (± 64 km2 )