12. 从全球来看，1998 年至 2018 年，劳动力参与方面的性别差距停滞在 31%，性别薪酬差距平均保持在 20%。妇女从事无偿看护和家政工作，平均是男子的三倍，并且继续集中于非正规经济中的弱势就业，很少或没有劳动和社会保护(见E/CN.6/2020/3)。暴力侵害妇女和女童行为仍然普遍存在，世界各地的女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性者和双性人妇女遭受暴力和骚扰的风险更高(同上)。面临年龄、阶级、种族、族裔、性取向和性别认同、残疾、移民身份等多种交叉形式歧视的妇女和女童取得的进展最少(同上)，这一系列因素将使她们不成比例地受到疫情的影响(见 E/2020/57)。
12. At the global level, the gender gap in labour force participation stagnated at 31 per cent between 1998 and 2018, and the gender pay gap remains on average at 20 per cent. Women do on average three times more unpaid care and domestic work than men and continue to be concentrated in vulnerable employment in the informal economy with little or no labour and social protections (see E/CN.6/2020/3). Violence against women and girls remains pervasive, with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex women around the world at heightened risk of violence and harassment (ibid.). Women and girls who face multiple and intersecting forms of discrimin ation, based on age, class, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation and gender identity, disability or migration status, among other factors, have made the least progress (ibid.), and this constellation of factors would make them disproportionately affected by the pandemic (see E/2020/57).