135 Poggioli, “For help on coronavirus”.136 Nyawira Mwangi, “China’s aid to Africa in fighting COVID-19”, China Global Television Network,18 June 2020. 可查阅 https://africa.cgtn.com/2020/06/18/chinas-aid-to-africa-in-fighting-covid-19/。137 Pizaro Gozali Idrus, “China ‘ready’ to include ASEAN in $2B COVID-19 aid”, Andalou Agency,29 May 2020。可查阅 www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/china-ready-to-include-asean-in-2b-covid-19-aid/1857846。138 见 www.wilsoncenter.org/aid-china-and-us-latin-america-amid-covid-19-crisis。139 同上。140 Tal Axelrod, “Trump adds Africa to growing list of areas US sending ventilators”, The Hill, 25 April2020. 可查阅 https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/494646-trump-commits-to-sending-ventilators-to-several-countries。141 见 www.montageafrica.com/the-uk-in-the-push-for-equitable-vaccine-supplies/；142 另见 www.wilsoncenter.org/aid-china-and-us-latin-america-amid-covid-19-crisis。143 世界贸易组织，IP/C/W/669 号文件。144 Ronald Labonte and Mira Johri, “COVID-19 drug and vaccine patents are putting profit before people”,The Conversation, 5 November 2020. 可查阅 https://theconversation.com/covid-19-drug-and-vaccine-patents-are-putting-profit-before-people-149270。获得这些工具。截至 2020 年 11 月，大多数发达国家反对免除执行请求，而大多数发展中国家支持这一请求。145 限制对 COVID-19 相关医疗产品和服务的专利保护将有助于获得 COVID-19 疫苗的低成本仿制药。146 就像全球艾滋病流行一样，强制许可可以“[缓解]必要药品供应不足的问题，同时也可以[缓解]药品价格过高令人望而却步的问题”。14743. 世界各地的一些慈善机构，如马云公益基金会148，也对 COVID-19 大流行做出了回应，除其他外，为预防、治疗、医学研究提供支持，为弱势群体提供生计支持。149 相应的机构，如开放社会基金会，已做出响应，投资数百万，为因国家侵犯公民权利而勉力维持的弱势群体提供紧急救济。15044. 2020 年 4 月，二十国集团同意重组最不发达国家的双边债务，将偿还义务冻结至 2020 年底。暂停偿债倡议及其通过国际货币基金组织的特别提款权调动额外流动性的行动151，是联合国贸易和发展会议发起的倡议之一，这些倡议很早就认识到 COVID-19 大流行病对低收入国家享有发展权的威胁。债务减免或暂停偿债仍然是确保人权的疫情后复苏的核心所在。152 调动财政资源防治疫情是符合《国际卫生条例》第四十四条第一款第(三)项规定的国际合作义务的积极行动。15345. 维持疫情爆发前的人道主义合作和技术合作，特别是全球南方国家的合作，以及在南南和三方合作背景下的合作154，是 COVID-19 期间和之后国际团结的一145 同上；另见 https://msf.or.ke/en/magazine/msf-calls-kenya-support-landmark-move-ban-patents-covid-medicines-and-tools。146 Saeed Shah, “Developing countries push to limit patent protections for COVID-19 vaccines”, The Wall
43. Some philanthropic institutions across the globe, such as the Jack Ma Foundation,148 have also responded to the COVID-19 pandemic with support for prevention, treatment, 136 Nyawira Mwangi, “China’s aid to Africa in fighting COVID-19”, China Global Television Network, 18 June 2020. Available from https://africa.cgtn.com/2020/06/18/chinas-aid-to-africa-in-fighting-covid-19/. 137 Pizaro Gozali Idrus, “China ‘ready’ to include ASEAN in $2B COVID-19 aid”, Andalou Agency, 29 May 2020. Available from www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/china-ready-to-include-asean-in-2b-covid-19-aid/1857846. 138 See www.wilsoncenter.org/aid-china-and-us-latin-america-amid-covid-19-crisis. 139 Ibid. 140 Tal Axelrod, “Trump adds Africa to growing list of areas US sending ventilators”, The Hill, 25 April 2020. Available from https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/494646-trump-commits-to-sending-ventilators-to-several-countries. 141 See www.montageafrica.com/the-uk-in-the-push-for-equitable-vaccine-supplies/; and see also www.wilsoncenter.org/aid-china-and-us-latin-america-amid-covid-19-crisis. 143 World Trade Organization, document IP/C/W/669. 144 Ronald Labonte and Mira Johri, “COVID-19 drug and vaccine patents are putting profit before people”, The Conversation, 5 November 2020. Available from https://theconversation.com/covid-19- drug-and-vaccine-patents-are-putting-profit-before-people-149270. 145 Ibid; see also https://msf.or.ke/en/magazine/msf-calls-kenya-support-landmark-move-ban-patents-covid-medicines-and-tools. 146 Saeed Shah, “Developing countries push to limit patent protections for COVID-19 vaccines”, The