12. 利比亚仍然是偷运难民和移民的重要目的地和转运地。但是，利比亚没有将贩运人口定为刑事犯罪的单独法律，许多移民偷运者和人口贩运者继续受到众所周知的民兵的保护。利比亚问题专家小组在提交安全理事会的最近报告(S/2019/914)中指出，向利比亚和通过利比亚向欧洲偷运移民和贩运人口仍然有利可图，但与 2018 年前相比，这一贸易已经崩溃。邻国法规的变化以及贩运路线上的局部冲突，迫使人们改变既定路线。这造成前往利比亚的路途时间更长，成本更高，也更危险。抵达利比亚的难民和移民大多成为国内人口贩运网络的受害者。专家小组并报告，利比亚的人口贩运变得更加分散，个人、武装团体和犯罪网络都能利用弱势个人获取廉价劳力、其他个人利益或经济利益。个人和武装团体一直在利比亚各地开设拘留中心和其他非正式关押设施。他们充当了人口贩运路线上的节点，难民和移民在经济、身体和心理上受到进一步虐待。7
12. Despite being an important destination as well as a transit country for smuggled refugees and migrants, Libya does not have stand-alone legislation criminalizing trafficking in persons, and many migrant smugglers and human traffickers have continued to be protected by well-known militias. The Panel of Experts on Libya, in its most recent report to the Security Council (S/2019/914), noted that migrant smuggling and human trafficking to and through Libya onward to Europe remained profitable, but that the trade had all but collapsed compared with the pre-2018 period. Changing regulations in neighbouring countries and localized clashes along trafficking routes had forced changes to established routes. This had made migration to Libya longer, costlier and more dangerous. Most of those who had reached Libya had become victims of human trafficking networks within the country. The Panel also reported that human trafficking in Libya had become a far more fragmented process, whereby individuals, armed groups and criminal networks alike had been able to exploit vulnerable individuals for low-cost labour or other personal or financial gain. Individuals and armed groups had been operating detention centres and other informal holding facilities throughout Libya. They had acted as nodes along the human trafficking routes, where refugees and migrants had been financially, physically and psychologically abused.7