联合国人权事务高级专员的报告*概要本报告根据人权理事会第 37/3 号决议提交，联合国人权事务高级专员在报告中研究了司法系统缺乏公正廉明对人权的影响，特别是对关押在各国域外拘留设施人员的人权的影响。* 本报告在截止日期之后提交，以反映最新情况。联 合 国 A/HRC/43/35大 会 Distr.: General24 July 2020ChineseOriginal: English一. 导言1. 人权理事会在关于司法系统的公正廉明的第 37/3 号决议中，请联合国人权事务高级专员与各国、联合国有关机构、特别程序、条约机构、非政府组织和其他相关利益攸关方协商，编写一份全面研究报告，说明司法系统缺乏公正廉明对人权的影响，特别是对关押在各国域外拘留设施人员的人权的影响。理事会要求向第四十三届会议提交该报告。1 在编写报告时，征求了会员国和其他相关利益攸关方的意见。2 此外，高级专员还采用了一系列公共信息来源。2. 司法系统的公正廉明，连同其独立性和公正性，是保护人权和基本自由、维护法治和民主及确保司法一视同仁必不可少的先决条件。所有国家都必须确保其根据国际法，包括根据其加入的国际和区域人权文书所承担的义务适用于关押在受其管辖的拘留设施，包括位于境外的此类设施中的每一个人。人权事务委员会指出，第二条第一款规定，缔约国必须尊重和保证在其领土内和受其管辖的一切个人享有本《公约》所承认的权利。33. 在本报告中，高级专员研究了可能影响司法系统的公正廉明并影响人权的不同类型的域外拘留。其中包括执法机构和情报机构所实施的域外拘留、武装冲突
Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development Integrity of the judicial system Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights* Summary In the present report, submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 37/3, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights examines the implications of the lack of integrity of the judicial system for human rights, in particular for persons kept in detention facilities outside the territory of States. * The present report was submitted after the deadline in order to reflect the most recent information. United Nations A/HRC/43/35 General Assembly Distr.: General 24 July 2020 Original: English I. Introduction 1. In its resolution 37/3 regarding the integrity of the judicial system, the Human Rights Council requested the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in consultation with States, relevant United Nations agencies, special procedures, treaty bodies, non-governmental organizations and other relevant stakeholders, to submit a comprehensive study on the implications of the lack of integrity of the judicial system for human rights, in particular for persons kept in detention facilities outside the territory of States. The Council requested that the report be submitted at its forty-third session.1 In preparing the report, contributions were sought from Member States and other relevant stakeholders.2 In addition, the High Commissioner draws on a range of public sources. 2. The integrity of the judicial system, together with its independence and impartiality, is an essential prerequisite to protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms, upholding the rule of law and democracy and ensuring that there is no discrimination in the administration of justice. All States must ensure that their obligations under international law, including international and regional human rights instruments to which they are party, are applied to every person kept in detention facilities under their jurisdiction, including when those facilities are situated abroad. The Human Rights Committee has stated that States parties to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights are required by article 2 (1) to respect and to ensure the Covenant rights to all persons who may be within their territory and to all persons subject to their jurisdiction. 3 3. In the present report, the High Commissioner examines different types of extraterritorial detention that may have an impact on the integrity of the judicial system