3. 2015 年，会员国在 1992 年联合国环境与发展会议产生的《21 世纪议程》以及 2000 年千年发展目标的基础上通过了《2030 年议程》。《21 世纪议程》和《千年发展目标》都承认，发展的社会、经济和环境层面紧密相连，但《2030 年议程》将这些相互联系确定为持久进展的基础。2015 年以来，广泛的学术研究致力于认识并利用《2030 年议程》的 17 个可持续发展目标及其具体目标之间的相互联系。正如《2019 年全球可持续发展报告》所述，“可以通过一种系统性方法实现《2030年议程》的真正变革潜力，这种方法有助于确定和管理各项目标与具体目标之间的权衡取舍，同时最大限度地实现共同利益”。1
3. When Member States adopted the 2030 Agenda in 2015, they were building on Agenda 21, which emerged from the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, as well as on the Millennium Development Goals of 2000. Agenda 21 and the Millennium Development Goals both acknowledged that the social, economic and environmental dimensions of development were inextricably linked, but the 2030 Agenda identified these interlinkages as the foundation for any durable progress. Since 2015, extensive scholarship has been devoted to understanding and harnessing the interconnections among the 2030 Agenda’s 17 Sustainable Development Goals and their targets. As stated in the Global Sustainable Development Report 2019, “the true transformative potential of the 2030 Agenda can be realized through a systemic approach that helps identify and manage trade-offs while maximizing co-benefits” among the Goals and targets.1