29. 在整个欧洲联盟，确定年龄的程序经常是侵扰性的，不可靠的。无人陪伴儿童与无证成人往往受到同样侵权对待。如果被逮捕，特别是不被认定为未成年人，无人陪伴儿童可能面临遭受拘留21 、驱逐出境和暴力的风险。22 当局视非法入境为犯罪，而不仅仅是违反行政法规。实际上，确定年龄常常是例行进行，谈不上尊重孩子的尊严或权利，更违反应该作为最后手段的原则。23
29. Across the European Union, age determination procedures are frequently intrusive and unreliable, and unaccompanied children are often subjected to the same violations as undocumented adults. If they are apprehended, and particularly if they are not recognized as children, unaccompanied children can face detention, 21 deportation, and violence. 22 The authorities treat irregular entry as a criminal activity rather than as mere violation of administrative regulations. In practice, age determination is frequently carried out routinely, without respect for the dignity or rights of the child, and contrary to the principle that it should be a last resort.23