6. 虽然防止和打击暴力极端主义的说法相对较新，但应对暴力极端主义的初衷在一定程度上是为了寻求广泛和战略性的对策，以应对暴力极端主义团体的社会后果和暴力行为，并阻止这些后果和行为。8 早期方案和政策举措旨在防止和遏制某些极端意识形态的扩张，并寻找到社会融合和广泛进步的融合战略，而不是监禁战略，以遏制暴力并扭转基于仇恨的意识形态。9 防止和打击暴力极端主义可追溯到德国、挪威和瑞典在 1990 年代中后期涌现的“去激进化”方案(称为“退出方案”)，以对付日益壮大的极右翼极端团体。10
6. Although the language of preventing and countering violent extremism is relatively new, the genesis of addressing violent extremism results in part from seeking broad and strategic responses to address the social consequences and violent manifestations of violent extremist groups and disrupting them. 8 Early programmes and policy interventions were aimed at preventing and containing the expansion of certain extreme ideologies and finding social and broadly progressive integration strategies, as opposed to carceral ones, to contain violence and positively evolve hate-based ideologies.9 Preventing and countering violent extremism has roots in the “deradicalization” programmes that sprang up in Germany, Norway and Sweden (known as “exit programmes”) in the middle to late 1990s to tackle growing far-right extremist groups.10