35. 还应该指出的是，在大流行病的背景下，某些单方面和非针对性的制裁可能对国际团结构成严重和非法威胁，造成严重的人权问题。针对部分国家的全方位单方面制裁只会继续阻碍这些国家快速获得 COVID-19 相关诊断工具、治疗方法和疫苗的能力，它们的卫生系统和社会保护系统已经千疮百孔，长期制裁便是部分原因。事实上，制裁对这些国家中的穷人和弱势群体伤害最大，包括摧毁为数百万人提供生计的中小型企业。107 单方面强制性措施对享受人权的不良影响问题特别报告员于 2020 年 4 月呼吁取消阻碍各国抗击 COVID-19 的单方面制裁，2020 年 8 月 7 日独立专家与其他任务负责人共同重申了这项呼吁。108 此外，
35. It should also be noted that certain unilateral and non-targeted sanctions can constitute serious and unlawful threats to international solidarity in the context of the pandemic, which render them a serious human rights issue. Blanket unilateral sanctions against certain States have only continued to impede the capacity of those States to readily acquire COVID-19 related diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines, along with the existing dilapidation of health and social protection systems occasioned, in part, by the long-standing sanctions. In reality, the sanctions hurt the poor and vulnerable in those societies the most, including by decimating small- and medium-sized businesses that provide livelihoods for millions of people.107 The Special Rapporteur on the negative impact of unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights called for the lifting of unilateral sanctions that prevented countries from combating COVID-19, in April 2020, an appeal which the Independent Expert joined other mandate holders in reiterating on 7 August 2020.