18. 众所周知，必须对有关暴力极端主义驱动因素和深层因素的推定和假设提出有力质问。36 特别报告员在审查了大量有关防止和打击暴力极端主义的国家计划和政策后得出结论，在调查人们如何走上激进化道路以及制定旨在防止和打击暴力极端主义的战略时，对宗教意识形态的重视是以没有适当处理其他因素为代价的，尽管尚无实证数据支持宗教意识形态助长恐怖主义的假设。37 她承认，一些防止和打击暴力极端主义的国家计划确实属于良好做法，尤其是瑞士的国家计划，该计划最大力度地纳入了人权框架。她还承认，奥地利、加拿大、芬兰和大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国的计划切实纳入了人权作为重要考量因素。
18. As is now widely recognized, presumptions and assumptions about the drivers of violent extremism and the underlying factors must be robustly challenged.36 Having reviewed numerous national plans and policies on the prevention and countering of violent extremism, the Special Rapporteur concludes that the importance given to religious ideology in both mapping the pathways to radicalization and devising strategies aimed at preventing and countering violent extremism was done at the expense of appropriately addressing other factors, despite the lack of empirical data to support the assumption that religious ideology supports terrorism. 37 She recognizes evidence of good practice in national plans for the prevention and countering of violent extremism, specifically that of Switzerland, which has the strongest incorporation of a human rights framework, and acknowledges the meaningful incorporation of human rights as a key reference point into the plans of Austria, Canada, Finland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.