9. 在联合国，根据安全理事会第 1963(2010)号决议，自 2010 年起，“暴力”和“极端主义”开始出现在同一句话中。15 “打击暴力极端主义”于 2014 年首次出现在安全理事会第 2178(2014)号决议中，而“防止暴力极端主义”出现在 2015年秘书长的《防止暴力极端主义行动计划》中。正如《行动计划》所指出，暴力极端主义是一种多样化的现象，没有明确的定义。它既不是新的，也不是任何地区、民族或信仰体系所独有的。正如《行动计划》所强调，暴力极端主义意识形态通常宣扬不容忍不同宗教、文化和社会观点的信息，暴力极端主义团体采用的策略挑战和平、正义和人的尊严的价值观，暴力极端主义在治理不善和不公正的环境中猖獗。16
9. At the United Nations, the words “violent” and “extremism” began appearing in the same sentence beginning in 2010, with Security Council resolution 1963 (2010). 15 “Countering violent extremism” appeared for the first time in 2014, in Security Council resolution 2178 (2014), whereas “preventing violent extremism” appeared in 2015, in the Secretary-General’s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism. As noted in the Plan of Action, violent extremism is a diverse phenomenon, without a clear definition. It is neither new nor exclusive to any region, nationality or system of belief. As highlighted in the Plan of Action, violent extremist ideologies usually promoted messages of intolerance for differing religious, cultural and social views, that violent extremist groups employed tactics that challenged the values of peace, justice and human dignity and that violent extremism flourished in environments characterized by poor governance and injustice.16