19. 虽然经授权并符合国际人道主义法的拘留原则上不是任意的，62 但在武装冲突中在没有法律依据的情况下实施的域外拘留则属于任意拘留，侵犯了人身自由权。在国家间发生的国际武装冲突中，在通常至少涉及冲突一方的域外行动时，国际人道主义法授权将战斗人员作为战俘进行域外拘禁，63 并允许在出于迫切的安全理由认为必要时，64 在被占领土内对被保护人65 进行刑事拘留66 和拘禁。相比之下，在一国与一个或多个有组织的非国家武装团体之间或在非国家武装团体之间发生的非国际武装冲突中，国际人道主义法没有明确规定拘留的法律依据。虽然根据红十字国际委员会的说法，非国际武装冲突各方有固有的权力，可以以安全理由所迫为由拘禁人员，67 但这一立场并没有得到一致承认。68
19. While detention that is authorized, and that is consistent with international humanitarian law, is in principle not arbitrary,62 extraterritorial detention in armed conflict when carried out without a legal basis becomes arbitrary and violates the right to personal liberty. In international armed conflicts, waged between States and usually involving extraterritorial operations by at least one party to the conflict, international humanitarian law authorizes status-based extraterritorial internment of combatants as prisoners of war63 and permits the criminal detention64 and internment of protected persons 65 in occupied territory when deemed necessary for imperative security reasons.66 By contrast, in non-international armed conflicts, waged between a State and one or more organized non-State armed groups or between non-State armed groups, international humanitarian law does not explicitly establish a legal basis for detention. While, according to the International Committee of the Red Cross, parties to a non-international armed conflict have an inherent power to intern persons on the grounds of imperative reasons of security,67 this position is not unanimous. 68