共卫生应对措施”，同时避免“对国际交通和贸易的不必要干扰”。20 这些条例近乎得到普遍接受(196 个国家)，突出表明，在法律和政治上，人们都预先认识到，在一个全球化的世界中，需要开展跨国界的合作，以防止传染病的传播。21《条例》规定了控制传染病的特定合法措施，力求在确保正常国际生活连续性的同时保持疾病控制的这种平衡兼顾关系。《条例》还允许各国采取《条例》规15 同上，第 1 条。另见 Puvimanasinghe, “International solidarity in an interdependent world”, p. 180;and Obiora Chinedu Okafor, “The future of international solidarity in global refugee protection”,Human Rights Review, vol. 22, No. 1, p. 6。
20 Their near universal acceptance (196 States) underscores the prior recognition, both legal and political, of the need to cooperate across borders in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in a globalized world.21 The Regulations preserve that balance of disease control, while aiming to ensure the continuity of regular international life, by prescribing certain lawful measures in infectious disease control. The Regulations also allow for national actions beyond those prescribed in the Regulations or recommended by WHO, provided that they achieve similar or greater health protections than the international prescriptions (article 43 (1) (a)) and are not specifically prohibited by the Regulations, in particular relating to international traffic and trade. In conditions similar to limitations and derogations in international human rights law, such measures must be proportional and not more restrictive or invasive to persons than is needed for health protection and be scientifically validated, including using data from WHO and other international institutions. Significantly, States must report the application of such