97 Nicholas Wasonga Orago, “Commonification of food as an approach for the achievement of foodsecurity and the realisation of the right to food for all”, Strathmore Law Journal, vol. 4, No. 1.98 见 www.dw.com/en/us-accused-of-seizing-face-mask-shipments-bound-for-europe-canada/a-53010923。令人遗憾的行为埋下了伏笔。该条款规定的合作建设国家公共卫生系统的义务，必然禁止对国家执行挽救生命的必要卫生规程的努力(如采购医疗设备)进行故意和非法干涉。这也可以被称为过度医学民族主义或保护主义的案例，涉及囤积诊断工具、治疗方法和疫苗。
31. In April 2020, politicians from two Western European States accused a powerful North American State of confiscating thousands of protective face masks that one of the European States had already paid for, calling it “an act of modern piracy”.98 Those aggressive acts, early in the pandemic, set the stage for unfortunate acts which were also possibly unlawful under article 44 of the International Health Regulations. The duty to collaborate in building national public health systems imposed by that provision surely prohibits wilful and unlawful interference with national efforts to implement necessary life-saving health protocols, such as the procurement of medical equipment. It can also be said to be an instance of excessive medical nationalism or protectionism, which involves the hoarding of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines.