21. 在这些 21 世纪初的结论之前，已有许多联合国文件表达了类似的结论，包括《建立新的国际经济秩序宣言》47 和联合国教育、科学及文化组织《种族与种族偏见问题宣言》。48 1993 年第一次关于对非洲人的奴役、殖民化和新殖民问题作出赔偿泛非会议通过的《非洲统一组织阿布贾宣言》序言也强调了这些“历史性”侵权行为的延续性质。49 在过去几十年中，联合国特别程序任务负责人还得出结论，指出殖民主义和奴隶贸易已经深刻地延续了种族歧视，并仍然是种族主义和种族歧视性质的侵犯人权行为当代表现形式的根源。50
21. Preceding the conclusions dating from the early twenty-first century are numerous United Nations documents that express a similar conclusion, including the Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order 47 and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice. 48 The preamble to the Abuja Proclamation of the Organization of African Unity, adopted at the first Pan-African Conference on Reparations for African Enslavement, Colonization and Neo-colonization in 1993, also emphasizes the ongoing nature of those “historical” violations.49 Over the past few decades, United Nations special procedure mandate holders have also concluded that colonialism and the slave trade have entrenched racial discriminationand continue to be a root cause of contemporary manifestations of racism and racially discriminatory violations of human rights.50