31. 大会 2001 年通过关于国家对国际不法行为的责任的条款草案附有评注，88概述了当代对国家赔偿义务的解读。第 31 条的条款草案根据目前的国际法以法律形式规定了国家作出赔偿的基本义务：如果“损害包括一国国际不法行为造成的任何损害，无论是物质损害还是精神损害”，则责任国有义务“对国际不法行为所造成的损害提供充分赔偿”。89 条款草案的评注指出第 31 条中的两个要素与国际法所载的原则相应。90 评注中还指出，第 31 条要求责任国努力提供一种或多种赔偿形式“消除非法行为的所有后果，恢复实行不法行为以前极可能存在的状况”。91
31. The draft articles on responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts, with commentaries, adopted by the General Assembly in 2001, 88 outline a contemporary understanding of the obligation of States to make reparations. Drawing on existing international law, article 31 of the draft articles codifi es the basic reparative obligation of States: “to make full reparation for the injury caused by the internationally wrongful act” where “injury includes any damage, whether material or moral, caused by the internationally wrongful act of a State ”.89 In the commentary to the draft articles, it is noted that two of the elements of article 31 correspond to principles enshrined in international law. 90 It is also noted in the commentary that article 31 requires a responsible State to endeavour to “wipe out all theconsequences of the illegal act and re-establish the situation which would, in all probability, have existed if that act had not been committed” 91 through the provision of one or more of the forms of reparation.