促进和保护所有人权――公民权利、政治权利、经济、社会及文化权利，包括发展权在 2019 冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间和之后协助实现人权的国际团结人权与国际团结独立专家奥比奥拉·希内杜·奥卡福尔的报告概要这是人权与国际团结独立专家奥比奥拉·希内杜·奥卡福尔为人权理事会编写的第四份报告。本报告根据人权理事会第 44/11 号决议提交，独立专家在报告中讨论了各国和其他行为方在 2019 冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行背景下为促进更充分地实现所有类别的人权而展现国际团结的方式，以及这方面的不足。他讨论了这场大流行病以及为控制疫情而采取的措施对享有人权构成的严重威胁。他阐述了国际团结义务的道德和法律依据，包括在大流行病背景下的依据，讨论了在享有国际团结方面的差距案例，并指出和强调了各国和非国家行为方对这种团结的积极表现，包括最佳做法。联 合 国 A/HRC/47/31大 会 Distr.: General13 April 2021ChineseOriginal: English目录页次一. 导言........................................................................................................................................ 3二. 大流行病和控制疫情的措施对享有所有类别人权的威胁................................................ 5A. 经济和社会权利............................................................................................................ 6B. 公民及政治权利............................................................................................................ 9三. 国际团结对于在大流行病期间和之后实现人权的必要性................................................ 12A. 道德依据........................................................................................................................ 12B. 法律依据........................................................................................................................ 13四. 大流行病背景下国际团结的差距........................................................................................ 13五. 为在大流行病期间及之后实现人权展现国际团结的正面案例........................................ 16六. 结论 ....................................................................................................................................... 21七. 建议 ....................................................................................................................................... 21一. 导言1. 在本报告所述期间，人权与国际团结独立专家奥比奥拉·希内杜·奥卡福尔
Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development International solidarity in aid of the realization of human rights during and after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic Report of the Independent Expert on human rights and international solidarity, Obiora Chinedu Okafor Summary This is the fourth report prepared for the Human Rights Council by the Independent Expert on human rights and international solidarity, Obiora Chinedu Okafor. In the present report, submitted pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 44/11, the Independent Expert discusses how international solidarity in aid of the fuller realization of all categories of human rights has, or has not, been expressed by States and other actors in the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. He discusses the serious threats to the enjoyment of human rights posed by the pandemic and the measures put into place to control it. He articulates the moral and legal rationale for an international solidarity obligation, including in the context of the pandemic, discusses examples of gaps in the enjoyment of international solidarity and identifies and highlights positive expressions of such solidarity by States and non-State actors, including best practices. United Nations A/HRC/47/31 General Assembly Distr.: General 13 April 2021 Original: English Contents Page I. Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 3 II. The pandemic, and measures taken to contain it, as a threat to the enjoyment of all categories of human rights ................................................................................................................................ 5 A. Economic and social rights....................................................................................................... 6 B. Civil and political rights............................................................................................................ 8 III. The international solidarity imperative for the realization of human rights during and after the pandemic .................................................................................................................................... 12 A. The ethical rationale ................................................................................................................ 12 B. The legal rationale ................................................................................................................... 12 IV. Gaps in international solidarity in the context of the pandemic ....................................................... 13 V. Positive expressions of international solidarity for the realization of human rights during and after the pandemic ............................................................................................................................ 16 VI. Conclusions...................................................................................................................................... 20 VII. Recommendations............................................................................................................................ 20 I. Introduction 1. During the reporting period, the Independent Expert on human rights and international