52. 毒品和犯罪问题办公室提请注意有些国家在量刑实践中对人权的挑战，在这些国家，被判犯有某些腐败罪行的人可能面临死刑。根据《联合国反腐败公约》第三十条第 1 款，缔约国应当根据罪行的严重性对实施腐败犯罪进行制裁。虽然《公约》第六十五条第 2 款允许缔约国采取比《公约》的规定更为严格或严厉的措施，但这种制裁不应影响生命权并禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚。人权事务委员会在其关于生命权的第 36 号一般性意见(2018 年)中解释道，对《公民及政治权利国际公约》接受可判处死刑的“最严重罪行”的表述必须进行严格解读，只适用于涉及故意杀人的极其严重的罪行。委员会还声称，经济和政治罪行(如腐败)虽然性质严重，但在《公民及政治权利国际公约》第六条的框架内，绝不能成为判处死刑的依据。因此，对腐败罪行废除死刑或至少暂停执行死刑是一种良好做法。
52. UNODC drew attention to challenges to human rights in the sentencing practices of some countries, where those convicted of certain corruption offences may face the death penalty. In line with article 30 (1) of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, States parties should make the commission of corruption offences liable to sanctions that take into account the gravity of the offence. Although article 65 (2) of the Convention allows States parties to adopt more strict or severe measures than those provided for by the Convention, such sanctions should not affect the right to life and the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The Human Rights Committee has explained, in its general comment No. 36 (2018) on the right to life, that the term “the most serious crimes”, for which the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights accepts the possibility of imposing the death penalty, must be read restrictively and appertain only to crimes of extreme gravity, involving intentional killing. The Committee has also asserted that economic and political crimes such as corruption, although grave in nature, can never, within the framework of article 6 of the Covenant, provide the basis for the death penalty. Abolishing the death penalty for corruption offences or at least imposing a moratorium on such sentences is therefore a good practice.