(a) 长期以来，缔约国境内普遍存在针对妇女和女童的性别暴力形式，包括身体、心理、性和经济暴力，以及家庭暴力、强迫失踪、性虐待和谋杀事件增多，特别是杀害女性事件；
(a) The persistent patterns of widespread gender-based violence against women and girls across the State party, including physical, psychological, sexual and economic violence, as well as the increase in domestic violence, enforced disappearances, sexual torture and murder, especially feminicide;