38. 在国家境外实施的拘留，包括在武装冲突中或紧急情况下实施的拘留，必须置于与司法机关同样独立和公正的法院或其他法庭的有效控制之下。关于行政拘留，各国还应确保向所有被拘留者提供独立、及时和周全的程序，以审查拘留的前因后果和被拘留者的状况。被拘留者有权提起诉讼，对非法或任意拘留提出异议。
38. Detention carried out outside of States’ borders, including in situations of armed conflict or emergency, must be under the effective control of a court or other tribunal possessing the same attributes of independence and impartiality as the judiciary. In relation to administrative detention, States should also ensure that independent, prompt and thorough procedures to review the circumstances of detention and the status of detainees are available to all detainees. Detained persons have a right to institute proceedings to challenge unlawful or arbitrary detention.