28. 还必须将全面执行《消除一切形式种族歧视国际公约》理解为实现对奴隶制和殖民主义作出赔偿的根本手段。《公约》缔约国直接摒弃了殖民时代关于种族的理论，重申深信“任何基于种族差别的种族优越学说，在科学上均属错误，在道德上应予谴责，在社会上均属失平而招险，无论何地，理论上或实践上的种族歧视均无可辩解”。78 此外，鉴于《公约》得到通过，缔约国明确回顾了殖民主义中普遍存在的种族歧视。79 《公约》为拆除种族歧视的结构、包括那些根植于历史上种族不公正的结构提供了健全的蓝图。为有效保护个人免受各种形式的种族歧视，就需要诉诸司法、追究责任、作出赔偿、作出不再发生的保证并消除有罪不罚现象。80 此外，《公约》要求缔约国“以一切适当方法实行消除一切形式
28. Full implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination must also be understood as an essential means of achieving reparations for slavery and colonialism. In a direct repudiation of colonial-era biological theories of race, States parties to the Convention affirmed their belief that “any doctrine of superiority based on racial differentiation is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous, and that there is no justificatio n for racial discrimination, in theory or in practice, anywhere”.78 Furthermore, with the adoption of the Convention, States parties explicitly recalled the racial discrimination endemic in colonialism.79 The Convention provides a solid blueprint for dismantling racially discriminatory structures, including those rooted in historical racial injustices. The effective protection of individuals from forms of racial discrimination requires access to justice, pursuit of accountability, reparations, guarantees of non-recurrence, and the elimination of impunity. 80