26. 国际团结在法律上也植根于这样一种普遍信念，即和谐的国际生活的基础不只是停止或避免针对其他国家的恶意行动的消极义务，还包括开展合作的积极义务。86 国际法规定了合作以促进人权的义务，这是国际团结的一个方面。87《联合国宪章》是当代最终确定和管理国际关系的宪法，其基本宗旨之一是实现国际合作，以解决国际间属于经济、社会、文化及人类福利性质之国际问题，且不分种族、性别、语言或宗教，增进并激励对于全体人类之人权及基本自由之尊重(第一条第三款)。在《宪章》第五十五条和第五十六条中，所有会员国承诺采取共同及个别行动与联合国合作，以实现其中所载的宗旨，包括不分种族、性别、语言或宗教，普遍尊重和遵守全体人类的人权和基本自由。在这场大流行病的背景下，《国际卫生条例》第三条以强制性语言不仅提及人的尊严、人权和基本自由，还提及《联合国宪章》和《世界卫生组织组织法》，澄清在传染病控制的背景下必须适用国际团结和人权88，公共卫生紧急情况下的国际合作义务是必要的，具有法律约束力。89
26. International solidarity is also legally rooted in the universal conviction that harmonious international life is based not only in the negative obligations to cease or desist from malign actions against other States but also in positive obligations to cooperate.86 International law establishes the obligation to cooperate to advance human rights, an aspect of international solidarity.87 In the Charter of the United Nations, the constitution that ultimately frames and governs global relations in our time, one of its fundamental purposes is asserted as the achievement of international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion (Art. 1 (3)). In Articles 55 and 56 of the Charter, all Members pledge themselves to take joint and separate action in cooperation with the Organization to achieve the purposes set forth therein, which include universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion. In the context of the pandemic, the reference in article 3 of the International Health Regulations, in mandatory language, not only to dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms of persons, but also to the Charter of the United Nations and the Constitution of WHO, clarifies that international solidarity and human rights must be applied in the context of infectious disease control88 and that the obligation of international cooperation in public health emergencies is imperative and legally binding.89