39. 随着时间的推移，在没有强有力国家机构的情况下，移民偷运者或人贩子与拘留系统掌权者之间的关系产生了一种利润丰厚的商业模式，主要集中在该国北部和西部沿海地区。塞卜哈、库夫拉、塔济尔布、别拉克沙蒂、舒韦雷夫、巴尼瓦利德、纳斯马和扎维亚的贩运者和偷运者在利比亚人领导、常由外国人管控的武装犯罪团伙控制的营地里拘留了数百名难民和移民。在巴尼瓦利德，数十具难民和移民尸体被丢弃在干涸的河床和沙漠，他们死在人贩子和移民偷运犯的营地中，死于酷刑、疾病和枪杀。另外，出钱买通被偷运到欧洲的情况经常发生，越来越多的难民和移民遭到绑架被勒索赎金，或遭受酷刑被逼付钱。
39. Over time, and in the absence of strong State institutions, the relationship between migrant smugglers or human traffickers and those in control of the detention system has generated a lucrative business model, concentrated mainly in the coastal north and the west of the country. Traffickers and smugglers in Sabha, Kufrah, Tazirbu, Birak al-Shati’, Shuwayrif, Bani Walid, Nasamah and Zawiyah have detained hundreds of refugees and migrants in compounds under the control of armed criminal gangs led by Libyans and often managed by foreign nationals. In Bani Walid, the dead bodies of dozens of refugees and migrants have been dumped in dry riverbeds and in the desert following deaths in captivity at the hands of human traffickers and migrant smugglers as a result of torture, disease and gunshots. Furthermore, offers to be smuggled to Europe in return for payment were frequent, and there was an increase in the number of refugees and migrants kidnapped for ransom and subjected to torture to extract payment.