1. 尽管在过境运输制度方面有了某些积极发展 但由于缺乏领土上的出海口加以地处偏远 孤悬世界市场之外 转口成本高昂 风险又大 这些因素都对内陆发展中国家的整个社会 经济发展形成严重的限制 这些国家因而不能充分受惠于自由化和全球化进程带来的新的贸易和投资机会 它们需要更多援助以便有效 有利地融入全球经济2. 大多数的过境国家本身是发展中国家 面临严重的经济问题 包括缺乏适当的过境运输基础设施3. 会议强调运输在总的发展进程中的重要性 特别是在推进国家 区域和国际贸易方面 对消除贫穷的目标能作出重大贡献 由于基础设施薄弱 政策环境不良导致运输服务效率低下 运输成本过高 对许多内陆和过境发展中国家扩大贸易 提升竞争力 甚至持续发展的目标形成了重大障碍 发展连贯的国家 区域和国际运输网络 结合有效率的运输服务是对在各别国家内剌激经济活动 开辟生产领域 甚至与国家 区域和国际市场取得联系而言 都是十分必要的4. 各国政府应优先重视运输部门 拟订和加强其政策 以吸引对基本设施和有关服务的投资 在这方面 私营部门的参与 包括经由公私合营的方式 可在改进运输质量和服务上发挥重要作用B. 基础设施的发展5. 有效的调节框架和建立有利的环境是发展基础设施的先决条件 发展基础设施 包括提高现有的资产 需要一笔超过内陆和过境发展中国家现有手段的资金官方发展援助 官方发展援助 下降 私营融资不足对内陆发展中国家和过境国家的过境系统均会产生消极影响 因为这些国家大多数属发展中或最不发达国家 需要国外融资 因此有必要增加官方发展援助和私营投资
Countries and Representatives of Donor Countries Financial and Development Institutions New York, 30 July-3 August 2001 Agenda item 3 Review of progress in development of transit systems in landlocked and transit developing countries Draft agreed conclusions and recommendations A. Transport costs, export performance and sustainable development 1. Despite some positive developments in transit transport systems, lack of territorial access to the sea, aggravated by remoteness and isolation from world markets and high transit costs and risks continue to impose serious constraints on the overall socio-economic development of landlocked developing countries. They have not been able to take full benefit of the new trade and investment opportunities offered by the process of liberalization and globalization. They need greater assistance to enable them to integrate effectively and beneficially into the global economy. 2. Most transit countries are themselves developing countries facing serious economic problems, including the lack of adequate transit transport infrastructure. 3. The meeting underlined the importance of transport for the development process in general and for the promotion of national, regional and international trade in particular which significantly contribute to the goal of eradication of poverty. Weak infrastructure, inappropriate policy environments lead to inefficient transport services that engender high transport costs, which is a major impediment to trade expansion, competitiveness, and hence sustainable development in many landlocked and transit developing countries. The development of a coherent, national, regional and international transport network combined with efficient transport services are essential for stimulating economic activity, opening up productive areas in individual countries and linking them to national, regional and international markets. 4. Governments should give high priority to the transport sector by formulating and strengthening their policies to attract investment in infrastructure and related services. In this context, private sector participation has an important role in improving the quality of transport and transit services including through public-private partnership framework. B. Infrastructure development 5. Effective regulatory framework and establishment of a conducive environment is a prerequisite for infrastructure development. Development of infrastructure, including the upgrading of existing assets, requires a degree of financing exceeding the means of landlocked and transit developing countries. The decline of official development assistance (ODA), and inadequate private financing have negatively affected transit systems not only in landlocked developing countries but also in transit countries as most of them are either developing or least developed countries