18. 在各个部门，妇女在能源、交通、水和卫生等基础设施部门的任职人数仍然不足，特别是在决策一级。据世界经济论坛估计，2016 年，妇女仅占据能源及信息和通信技术部门高级职位的 11%。在可再生能源部门，妇女的就业机会被认为高于总体的能源部门，但即使如此，估计表明，妇女仅拥有可再生能源部门工作的 20-24%。虽然妇女在科学、技术、工程和数学学位课程方面取得了重要进展，但她们在毕业生中仍然占少数，并在“非传统”部门就业方面继续面临社会和体制障碍。各国为促进妇女在男性主导领域的代表性所采取的办法包括扶持行动政策、辅导和帮助妇女从学校走入工作等。
18. Across sectors, women remain underrepresented in infrastructure sectors, such as energy, transport, water and sanitation, in particular at the decision-making level. According to estimates of the World Economic Forum, women occupied only 11 per cent of senior positions in the energy and information and communications technology sectors in 2016. Even in the renewable energy sector, where employment opportunities for women are considered to be better than in the energy sector overall, estimates suggest that women hold only 20–24 per cent of renewable energy jobs. While women have made important inroads into science, technology, engineering and mathematics degree programmes, they continue to be a minority among graduates and continue to face social and institutional barriers to employment in “non-traditional” sectors. Affirmative action policies, mentoring and support for women’s school-to-work transitions are among the options that countries have pursued to promote women’s representation in male-dominated fields.