42. 若要解决防止和打击暴力极端主义行动的陷阱，则需反思民间社会在反恐过程中所面临的挑战。在推动全球促进和保护人权方面，民间社会的参与通过抵制恐怖主义行动和减轻激进或暴力极端主义的吸引力这两条途径，为实施更为有效的预防战略铺平了道路。民间社会的参与促使人们一贯关注维护法治、倡导基于人权的价值观、保护最脆弱和边缘化群体并为反恐措施的目标人群发声。反恐措施针对的个人和群体有时因其观点或因被视作威胁而遭到辱骂和排斥，但身而为人，他们的人权和固有尊严理应受到平等保护。当民间社会组织让包括恐怖主义受害者在内的边缘化和弱势群体有机会发声时，便为确保反恐工作中的问责和透明度提供了一条建设性途径，包括通过开展倡导活动、教育、研究、监督和与政府缔结伙伴关系。
42. Addressing the pitfalls of preventing and countering violent extremism involves reflecting on the challenges faced by civil society in counter-terrorism contexts. In advancing the promotion and protection of human rights globally, civil society participation paves the way for more effective prevention strategies, through both pathways of resistance to terrorist action and mitigation of the attraction of radical or violent extremism. Civil society engagement brings consistent attention to upholding the rule of law, engaging human rights-based values, protecting the most vulnerable and marginalized and speaking on behalf of the targets of counter-terrorism measures, the individuals and groups who are sometimes reviled and excluded because of their views or the perceived threat that they pose, but whose 85 Melissa Johnston and Jacqui True, “Misogyny and violent extremism: implications for preventing violent extremism”, United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women), policy brief, 2019. 86 Fionnuala Ní Aoláin and Jayne Huckerby, Gendering counterterrorism: how to and how not to (part II), Just Security, 3 May 2018. 87 Jayne Huckerby, “Feminism and international law in the post-9/11 era”, Fordham International Law Journal, vol. 39, No. 3. 88 Fatima Ahdash, “The interaction between family law and counter-terrorism: a critical examination of the radicalization cases in the family courts” Child and Family Law Quarterly, vol. 30. 89 Katherine E. Brown, Gender, Religion, Extremism: Finding Women in Anti-Radicalization, (Oxford University Press, 2020). humanity equally demands the protection of their human rights and inherent dignity. When civil society organizations give voice to the marginalized and vulnerable, including victims of terrorism, they provide a constructive route to accountability and transparency in counter-terrorism work, including through activism, education, research, oversight and partnership with Governments.