59. 可持续发展目标 12 呼吁减少全球物质消费和粮食浪费，并使低效的化石燃料补贴合理化，这将推动在减缓和适应气候变化方面取得进展。停止砍伐森林和加强植树造林——部分通过改变目前的农业方法实现——将通过创造碳汇来应对气候变化，同时也保护生物多样性和集水区。从以化石燃料为基础的线性经济转向以生物为基础的循环经济，不仅能够应对气候变化，还可以减少污染、浪费和自然退化，确保从 COVID-19 大流行中实现可持续复苏，并改善今世后代的健康和福祉。扶持政策、新的商业模式、创新融资模式、科学、技术、创新和数字化以及人力资本投资，对于推进可持续消费和生产举措至关重要。当社会向可持续消费和生产模式转变，就可以实现人类福祉和环境可持续性的集体利益。
59. Sustainable Development Goal 12 calls for a reduction in global material consumption and food waste and the rationalization of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, all of which will advance progress in mitigating and adapting to climate change. Halting deforestation and ramping up afforestation, which will be made possible in part by reshaping current agricultural approaches, will address climate change by creating carbon sinks, while also safeguarding biodiversity and water catchments. Moving away from a fossil fuel-based linear economy towards bio-based circular economies will not only address climate change but also reduce pollution, waste and the degradation of nature, ensure a sustainable recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and improve the health and well-being of current and future generations. Enabling policies, new business models, innovative financing models, science, technology, innovation and digitization together with investments in human capital is critical to advancing sustainable consumption and production initiatives. When society shifts towards sustainable consumption and production patterns, the collective benefits for human well-being and environmental sustainability can be realized.