37. 国家关于国际不法行为的责任条款草案规定了三管齐下的方式，与此相比联合国人权系统对各种补救和赔偿采取了更详细和更广泛的措施。大会 2005 年通过的《严重违反国际人权法和严重违反国际人道主义法行为受害人获得补救和赔偿的权利基本原则和准则》115 (《基本原则和准则》)旨在整合对联合国人权系统内承认的补救和赔偿方面的权利和最佳做法。116 《基本原则和准则》针对侵权行为规定了 5 种补救和赔偿形式：恢复原状、赔偿、康复、平反和保证不再发生。117 这五种形式的每一种在确保全面有效的补救方面起着不同的作用，与过渡期正义的理念有密切关联性。118 复原的目的是“将受害人恢复到发生严重违反国际人权法或严重违反国际人道主义法行为之前的原有状态”。119 赔偿要求对可在经济上评估的损失(包括物质和精神损害)、社会福利的丧失、实质性损害、精神损害和造成的代价。120 康复包括提供“医疗和心理护理以及法律和社会服务”。121 平反是赔偿和补救的一种多方面要素。在适当的情况下，平反可以涵盖制止侵权行为、宣布真相、恢复尊严、承担责任、纪念或悼念受害者，并确保对责任方实行制裁措施。122 最后，对不再发生的保证涉及了有助于不再发生的措施，这些措施极为密切地关系到结构改革和加强国家机构以及确保充分的民事监督和对人权的适当尊重。123
37. The United Nations human rights system follows a more detailed and expansive approach to types of remedies and reparations than the three-pronged approach set out in the draft articles on responsibility of States for internationally wrongful acts. The Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law 115 (“the Basic Principles and Guidelines”), adopted by the General Assembly in 2005, aim to consolidate rights and best practices for remedies and reparations recognized within the United Nations human rights system.116 The Basic Principles and Guidelines set out five forms of remedy and reparations for violations: restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition.117 Each of those forms plays a different role in ensuring a holistic and effective remedy, one closely related to the notion of transitional justice.118 Restitution aims to “restore the victim to the original situation before the gross violations of international human rights law or serious violations of international humanitarian law occurred”. 119 Compensation entails payment for economically assessable damage, including physical and mental harm, lost social benefits, material damages, moral damage and costs incurred. 120 Rehabilitation includes the provision of “medical and psychological care as well as legal and social services”. 121 Satisfaction is a wide-ranging element of reparations and remedies. Where appropriate, satisfaction may encompass measures to stop violations, disclose the truth, restore dignity, accept responsibility, commemorate or pay tribute to victims, and ensure sanctions against responsible parties. 122 Lastly, guarantees of non-repetition involve measures that contribute to non-recurrence and are most closely associated with the structural reform and strengthening of State institutions, as well as ensuring sufficient civilian oversight and proper respect for human rights. 123