22. 美国的例子说明了已被废除的动产奴隶制仍存在长期的余孽。奴隶解放后，南方各州实施了种族隔离法律和惯例，白人实际上获得了恐吓黑人社区的特许。51 大约有 5000 名黑人被白人暴徒处以私刑，52 另有许多人遭到殴打或性侵犯。53 司法系统并不保护黑人免受暴力；相反，白人在法律体系的包庇下找到了藏身之处。54即使在今天，执法当局和义务自发刑警民众杀害和残暴虐待黑人的数量依然惊人，而且很少受到追究。55 目前，美国有 220 万人关押在监狱和监狱中，56 并从囚徒身上抽取免费或低薪的劳动力。57 黑人成年人被监禁的机率是白人成年人的 5.9倍。58 出现这样的种族差异并非偶然：大规模监禁是奴隶制及随后的“吉姆·克罗”时代的种族隔离产生的余孽。5923. 黑人即使在摆脱奴隶制以后继续面临经济剥削，并通过佃农制度被迫借债。60许多人获得解放后仍在以前受奴役的种植园里劳作，并因对前奴隶主所欠的的债务而被压得喘不过气来。此外，黑人无法通过财产所有权获得财富。那些逃离美国南部到北方寻找更好机会的人因为种族限制的规约而被迫进入种族隔离的社区，这些规约是一些在财产契约上写明不得向黑人出售的协议。61
22. Examples from the United States illustrate the long legacy of chattel slavery, notwithstanding its abolition. After emancipation, southern states implemented segregationist laws and practices and whites were effectively granted a licence to terrorize black communities.51 Approximately 5,000 black people were lynched by white mobs 52 and many others were beaten or sexually assaulted. 53 The judicial system did not protect black people from violence; instead, white people found refuge in the complicity of the legal system. 54 Even today, black people are killed and brutalized at alarming rates by law enforcement authorities and vigilantes, who have little to no accountability.55 Currently, 2.2 million people are incarcerated in jails and prisons in the United States, 56 which extract free or low-wage labour from those behind bars.57 Black adults are 5.9 times more likely to be incarcerated than white adults. 58 Such racial disparities do not occur by accident: mass incarceration is a vestige of slavery and the “Jim Crow” era of racial segregation that followed. 59