what was the wahhabi movement of the early eighteenth century
Wahhabism Wahhabism (Arabic: الوهابية‎, al-Wahhābiya(h)) is an Islamic doctrine and religious movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab.[1] It has been variously described as "ultraconservative",[2] "austere",[3] "fundamentalist",[4] or "puritan(ical)";[5][6] as an Islamic "reform movement" to restore "pure monotheistic worship" (tawhid) by devotees;[7] and as a "deviant sectarian movement",[7] "vile sect"[8] and a distortion of Islam by its opponents.[3][9] The term Wahhabi(ism) is often used polemically and adherents commonly reject its use, preferring to be called Salafi or muwahhid.[10][11][12] claiming to emphasis the principle of tawhid[13] (the "uniqueness" and "unity" of God).[14], for exclusivity on monotheism, dismissing other Muslims as practising shirk.[15] It follows the theology of Ibn Taymiyyah and the Hanbali school of jurisprudence, although Hanbali leaders renounced Abd al-Wahhab's views.[6]