where did the phrase innocent until proven guilty come from
Presumption of innocence "Presumption of innocence" serves to emphasize that the prosecution has the obligation to prove each element of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt (or some other level of proof depending on the criminal justice system) and that the accused bears no burden of proof.[19] This is often expressed in the phrase innocent until proven guilty, coined by the English lawyer Sir William Garrow (1760â€“1840).[20] Garrow insisted that accusers be robustly tested in court. An objective observer in the position of the juror must reasonably conclude that the defendant almost certainly committed the crime.[21]