the era of dual federalism ended with the
Dual federalism The general consensus among scholars is that dual federalism ended during Franklin Rooseveltâ€™s presidency in 1937[32][33][34][35][36][37][38] when the New Deal policies were decided constitutional by the Supreme Court.[35] Industrialization, economic modernization, and conditions surrounding the Great Depression elevated commerce to a more national level, so there was an overlap in the powers of the federal government and the states.[38][39] The federal government, using the Commerce Clause,[36][38] passed national policies to regulate the economy.[32] The Interstate Commerce Act and Sherman Antitrust Act solidified Congress's authority to regulate commerce between states and expanded its role.[21] This, in addition to the New Deal policies, led to the federal government and the states working together more, ending the era of dual federalism and moving America into cooperative federalism.