when was the entire text of the quran collected in an official version
History of the Quran According to Muslim belief and Islamic scholarly accounts, the revelation of the Quran began in 610 C.E. when the angel Gabriel (Arabic: جبريل, Jibrīl or جبرائيل, Jibrāʾīl) appeared to Muhammad in the cave Hira near Mecca, reciting to him the first verses of Sura Iqra (al-`Alaq). Throughout his life, Muhammad continued to have revelations until before his death in 632.[1] The Quran we see today was compiled into book format by Zayd ibn Thabit and other scribes under Uthman, the third caliph (reign 644 to 656). (A caliph is the political leader of a Caliphate (Islamic government).) For this reason, the Quran as it exists today is also known as the Uthmanic codex.[citation needed] According to Professor Francis Edward Peters, what was done to the Quran in the process seems to have been extremely conservative and the content was formed in a mechanical fashion to avoid redactional bias.[2]