when considering 'abusive head trauma' (aht) what is the classic triad of symptoms
Abusive head trauma SBS may be misdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, and overdiagnosed,[25] and caregivers may lie or be unaware of the mechanism of injury.[11] Commonly, there are no externally visible signs of the condition.[11] Examination by an experienced ophthalmologist is often critical in diagnosing shaken baby syndrome, as particular forms of ocular bleeding are quite characteristic.[26] Magnetic resonance imaging may also depict retinal bleeds;[27] this may occasionally be useful if an ophthalmologist examination is delayed or unavailable.[citation needed] Conditions that must be ruled out include hydrocephalus, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), seizure disorders, and infectious or congenital diseases like meningitis and metabolic disorders.[28][29] CT scanning and magnetic resonance imaging are used to diagnose the condition.[11] Conditions that may accompany SBS include bone fractures, injury to the cervical spine (in the neck), retinal bleeding, cerebral bleed or atrophy, hydrocephalus, and papilledema (swelling of the optic disc).[12]