salmonella spp. typically transmitted from animals to humans
Salmonella Salmonella species are intracellular pathogens:[4] certain serotypes cause illness. Nontyphoidal serotypes can be transferred from animal-to-human and from human-to-human. They usually invade only the gastrointestinal tract and cause Salmonella food poisoning; symptoms resolve without antibiotics. However, in sub-Saharan Africa they can be invasive and cause paratyphoid fever, which requires immediate treatment with antibiotics. Typhoidal serotypes can only be transferred from human-to-human, and can cause Salmonella food poisoning, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.[5] Typhoid fever occurs when Salmonella invades the bloodstream—the typhoidal form; or in addition spreads throughout the body, invades organs, and secretes endotoxins—the septic form. This can lead to life-threatening hypovolemic shock and septic shock and requires intensive care including antibiotics.