what criteria are used to rank results in google scholar
Google Scholar While most academic databases and search engines allow users to select one factor (e.g. relevance, citation counts, or publication date) to rank results, Google Scholar ranks results with a combined ranking algorithm in a "way researchers do, weighing the full text of each article, the author, the publication in which the article appears, and how often the piece has been cited in other scholarly literature".[16] Research has shown that Google Scholar puts high weight especially on citation counts[21] and words included in a document's title.[22] As a consequence, the first search results are often highly cited articles.