maximum effective range of a 12 gauge slug
Shotgun slug Shotgun slugs (12 gauge) achieve typical velocities of approximately 1800 fps for 1-oz. (437.5 grain) slugs, for an energy of over 3,100 ft-lbs (4200 J). In contrast, a .30-06 bullet weighing 150 grains at a velocity of 2600 fps achieves an energy of 2,250 ft-lbs (3051 J). However, a shotgun slug has greater air resistance and slows more quickly than a spitzer bullet fired from a rifle. Shotgun slugs thus are best suited for uses over shorter ranges than rifle bullets. However, for hunting in built-up populated areas, shotgun slugs (with regard to range) are considerably safer than rifles, with maximum ranges typically under 400 yards, in comparison to maximum ranges of several miles for errant projectiles from rifles.