when the sounds in a composition are left to chance we call this type of music
John Cage While much of Cage's work remains controversial,[citation needed] his influence on countless composers, artists, and writers is notable.[citation needed] After Cage introduced chance,[clarification needed] Boulez, Stockhausen, and Xenakis remained critical, yet all adopted chance procedures in some of their works (although in a much more restricted manner); and Stockhausen's piano writing in his later Klavierstücke was influenced by Cage's Music of Changes and David Tudor.[106] Other composers who adopted chance procedures in their works included Witold Lutosławski, Mauricio Kagel, and many others.[citation needed] Music in which some of the composition and/or performance is left to chance was labelled aleatoric music—a term popularized by Pierre Boulez.[citation needed] Helmut Lachenmann's work was influenced by Cage's work with extended techniques.[107]