During the late 1800s, brain–behavior relationships were interpreted by European physicians who observed and identified behavioural syndromes that were related with focal brain dysfunction.
1800-ndate lõpus seletasid aju-käitumise seoseid Euroopa arstid, kes jälgisid ja identifitseerisid käitumuslikke sündroome, mis olid seotud aju fokaalse düsfunktsiooniga .