The 'counterfactual' measures what would have happened to beneficiaries in the absence of the intervention, and impact is estimated by comparing counterfactual outcomes to those observed under the intervention.
‘Kontrafaktilised’ meetmed, mis oleks abisaajate olukord sekkumise puudumisel, ja mõju hinnatakse omavahelises võrdluses saavutatud sekkumise tulemustega.