The combination of attractive forces on adjacent vertices, and repulsive forces on all vertices, was first used by Eades (1984); additional pioneering work on this type of force-directed layout was done by Fruchterman & Reingold (1991).
Kombinaciju privlačnih sila na susednim temenima, i odbojnih sila na svim temenima je najpre koristio Eades 1984; dodatni pionirski rad na ovoj vrsti silom usmerenog rasporeda je urađeno od strane Fruchterman & Reingold 1991.