Independent testability of auxiliary hypotheses "An auxiliary hypothesis ought to be testable independently of the particular problem it is introduced to solve, independently of the theory it is designed to save" (e.g. the evidence for the existence of Neptune is independent of the anomalies in Uranus's orbit).
Hipóteses auxiliares que son comprobables independentemente "Unha hipótese auxiliar debería ser comprobada independentemente do problema determinado que se introduce para resolver, independentemente da teoría para a que está deseñada para salvar" (1982: 46) (por exemplo, a evidencia da existencia de Neptuno é independente das anomalías na órbita de Urano).