Indian merchants, scholars, and sometimes armies were involved in this transmission; South-East Asians took the initiative as well, with many sojourning in Indian seminaries and translating Buddhist and Hindu texts into their languages.
Comerciantes, estudosos e ás veces exércitos indios envolvéronse nesta transmisión cultural; os asiáticos do sueste do continente tamén tomaron a iniciativa e organizaron moitas peregrinacións aos seminarios indios, amais de teren traducido os textos budistas e hindús aos seus respectivos idiomas.