These may have led to his excommunication by the holy see and possibly precipitated his death, and his son Denis's premature rise to the throne at only 18 years old.
قد أدت هذه إلى حرمانه من قبل الكرسي الرسولي وربما عجلت وفاته، وابنه دينيس ارتفاع سابق لأوانه إلى العرش في 18 عاما فقط.