description: You are given an array consisting of all integers from [l, r] inclusive. For example, if l = 2 and r = 5, the array would be [2, 3, 4, 5]. What's the minimum number of elements you can delete to make the [bitwise AND](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND) of the array non-zero?
  
  A bitwise AND is a binary operation that takes two equal-length binary representations and performs the AND operation on each pair of the corresponding bits.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then t cases follow.
  
  The first line of each test case contains two integers l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the description of the array.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, output a single integer — the answer to the problem.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  5
  1 2
  2 8
  4 5
  1 5
  100000 200000
  
  
  Output
  
  
  1
  3
  0
  2
  31072
  
  Note
  
  In the first test case, the array is [1, 2]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0, as 1\ \& \ 2 = 0. However, after deleting 1 (or 2), the array becomes [2] (or [1]), and the bitwise AND becomes 2 (or 1). This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 1.
  
  In the second test case, the array is [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0. However, after deleting 4, 5, and 8, the array becomes [2, 3, 6, 7], and the bitwise AND becomes 2. This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 3. Note that there may be other ways to delete 3 elements.
solution: import java.util.*;
  import java.io.*;
  import java.math.BigInteger;
   
  public class code{
   
      static class Reader
      {
          final private int BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 16;
          private DataInputStream din;
          private byte[] buffer;
          private int bufferPointer, bytesRead;
   
          public Reader()
          {
              din = new DataInputStream(System.in);
              buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
              bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0;
          }
   
          public Reader(String file_name) throws IOException
          {
              din = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file_name));
              buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
              bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0;
          }
   
          public String readLine() throws IOException
          {
              byte[] buf = new byte[64]; // line length
              int cnt = 0, c;
              while ((c = read()) != -1)
              {
                  if (c == '\n')
                      break;
                  buf[cnt++] = (byte) c;
              }
              return new String(buf, 0, cnt);
          }
   
          public int nextInt() throws IOException
          {
              int ret = 0;
              byte c = read();
              while (c <= ' ')
                  c = read();
              boolean neg = (c == '-');
              if (neg)
                  c = read();
              do
              {
                  ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
              }  while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
   
              if (neg)
                  return -ret;
              return ret;
          }
   
          public long nextLong() throws IOException
          {
              long ret = 0;
              byte c = read();
              while (c <= ' ')
                  c = read();
              boolean neg = (c == '-');
              if (neg)
                  c = read();
              do {
                  ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
              }
              while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
              if (neg)
                  return -ret;
              return ret;
          }
   
          public double nextDouble() throws IOException
          {
              double ret = 0, div = 1;
              byte c = read();
              while (c <= ' ')
                  c = read();
              boolean neg = (c == '-');
              if (neg)
                  c = read();
   
              do {
                  ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
              }
              while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
   
              if (c == '.')
              {
                  while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9')
                  {
                      ret += (c - '0') / (div *= 10);
                  }
              }
   
              if (neg)
                  return -ret;
              return ret;
          }
   
          private void fillBuffer() throws IOException
          {
              bytesRead = din.read(buffer, bufferPointer = 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
              if (bytesRead == -1)
                  buffer[0] = -1;
          }
   
          private byte read() throws IOException
          {
              if (bufferPointer == bytesRead)
                  fillBuffer();
              return buffer[bufferPointer++];
          }
   
          public void close() throws IOException
          {
              if (din == null)
                  return;
              din.close();
          }
      }
   
      public static int GCD(int a, int b)
      {
        if (b == 0)
          return a;
        return GCD(b, a % b);
      }
      
    
      //@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
      public static void main(String[] arg) throws IOException{
          //Reader in=new Reader();
          
          PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
          Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
          
          int t=in.nextInt();
          int m=200001;
          int[][] count=new int[m][20];
          for(int i=1;i<m;i++){
              int k=1;
              for(int j=0;j<20;j++){
                  if((i & k)!=0) count[i][j]=count[i-1][j]+1;
                  else count[i][j]=count[i-1][j];
                  k<<=1;
              }
          }
          
          while(t-- > 0){
             int l=in.nextInt();
             int r=in.nextInt();
  
             int min=r-l;
             for(int i=0;i<20;i++){
                 min=Math.min(min,(r-l+1)-(count[r][i]-count[l-1][i]));
             }
  
             out.println(min);
          }
   
          out.flush();
      }
  
      
   
  }