description: You are given an array consisting of all integers from [l, r] inclusive. For example, if l = 2 and r = 5, the array would be [2, 3, 4, 5]. What's the minimum number of elements you can delete to make the [bitwise AND](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND) of the array non-zero?
  
  A bitwise AND is a binary operation that takes two equal-length binary representations and performs the AND operation on each pair of the corresponding bits.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then t cases follow.
  
  The first line of each test case contains two integers l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the description of the array.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, output a single integer — the answer to the problem.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  5
  1 2
  2 8
  4 5
  1 5
  100000 200000
  
  
  Output
  
  
  1
  3
  0
  2
  31072
  
  Note
  
  In the first test case, the array is [1, 2]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0, as 1\ \& \ 2 = 0. However, after deleting 1 (or 2), the array becomes [2] (or [1]), and the bitwise AND becomes 2 (or 1). This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 1.
  
  In the second test case, the array is [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0. However, after deleting 4, 5, and 8, the array becomes [2, 3, 6, 7], and the bitwise AND becomes 2. This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 3. Note that there may be other ways to delete 3 elements.
solution: import java.io.*;
  import java.util.*;
  
  public class Main {
  	static class Scanner {
  		Scanner(InputStream in) { this.in = in; } InputStream in;
  		byte[] bb = new byte[1 << 15]; int i, n;
  		byte getc() {
  			if (i == n) {
  				i = n = 0;
  				try { n = in.read(bb); } catch (IOException e) {}
  			}
  			return i < n ? bb[i++] : 0;
  		}
  		int nextInt() {
  			byte c = 0; while (c <= ' ') c = getc();
  			int a = 0; while (c > ' ') { a = a * 10 + c - '0'; c = getc(); }
  			return a;
  		}
  	}
  	
  	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
  		//BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
  		BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));		
  		
  		int[][] dp = new int[200200][20];
  		for (int i=1; i<=200000; i++) {
  			for (int j=0; j<20; j++) {
  				if ((i & (1<<j)) != 0) {
  					dp[i][j] = 1;
  				} else {
  					dp[i][j] = 0;
  				}
  				dp[i][j] += dp[i-1][j];
  			}
  		}
  		
  		int T = in.nextInt();
  		
  		for (int ts=1; ts<=T; ts++) {
  			int l = in.nextInt();
  			int r = in.nextInt();
  			
  			int max_set = 0;
  			for (int j=0; j<20; j++) {
  				int j_set = dp[r][j] - dp[l-1][j];
  				max_set = Math.max(max_set, j_set);
  			}
  			out.write((r - l + 1 - max_set) + "\n");
  			//out.flush();
  		}
  		
  		
  		out.close();
  	}
  
  }
  