description: Berland State University has received a new update for the operating system. Initially it is installed only on the 1-st computer.
  
  Update files should be copied to all n computers. The computers are not connected to the internet, so the only way to transfer update files from one computer to another is to copy them using a patch cable (a cable connecting two computers directly). Only one patch cable can be connected to a computer at a time. Thus, from any computer where the update files are installed, they can be copied to some other computer in exactly one hour.
  
  Your task is to find the minimum number of hours required to copy the update files to all n computers if there are only k patch cables in Berland State University.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^5) — the number of test cases.
  
  Each test case consists of a single line that contains two integers n and k (1 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 10^{18}) — the number of computers and the number of patch cables.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case print one integer — the minimum number of hours required to copy the update files to all n computers.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  4
  8 3
  6 6
  7 1
  1 1
  
  
  Output
  
  
  4
  3
  6
  0
  
  Note
  
  Let's consider the test cases of the example:
  
    * n=8, k=3: 
      1. during the first hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 2; 
      2. during the second hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 3, and from the computer 2 to the computer 4; 
      3. during the third hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 5, from the computer 2 to the computer 6, and from the computer 3 to the computer 7; 
      4. during the fourth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 2 to the computer 8. 
    * n=6, k=6: 
      1. during the first hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 2; 
      2. during the second hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 3, and from the computer 2 to the computer 4; 
      3. during the third hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 5, and from the computer 2 to the computer 6. 
    * n=7, k=1: 
      1. during the first hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 2; 
      2. during the second hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 3; 
      3. during the third hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 4; 
      4. during the fourth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 4 to the computer 5; 
      5. during the fifth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 4 to the computer 6; 
      6. during the sixth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 3 to the computer 7. 
solution: import java.util.*;
  import java.io.*;
  
  public class B {
  
      public void prayGod() throws IOException {
          int t = nextInt();
          while (t-- > 0) {
              long n = nextLong(), k = nextLong();
              long remain = n - 1, ret = 0;
              long curr = 1;
              while (curr <= k && remain > 0) {
                  ret++;
                  remain -= curr;
                  curr *= 2;
              }
              out.println(ret + (remain + k - 1) / k);
          }
      }
  
      public void printVerdict(boolean verdict) {
          if (verdict)
              out.println(VERDICT_YES);
          else
              out.println(VERDICT_NO);
      }
  
      static final String VERDICT_YES = "YES";
      static final String VERDICT_NO = "NO";
      static final boolean RUN_TIMING = true;
      static final boolean AUTOFLUSH = false;
      static final boolean FILE_INPUT = false;
      static final boolean FILE_OUTPUT = false;
  
      static int iinf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
      static long inf = (long) 1e18 + 10;
      static long mod = (long) 1e9 + 7;
  
      static char[] inputBuffer = new char[1 << 20];
      static PushbackReader in = new PushbackReader(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)), 1 << 20);
      static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out)), AUTOFLUSH);
  
      // int data-type
      public int nextInt() throws IOException {
          return Integer.parseInt(next());
      }
  
      public int[] nextIntArray(int n) throws IOException {
          int[] arr = new int[n];
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
              arr[i] = nextInt();
          return arr;
      }
  
      public void sort(int[] a) {
          shuffle(a);
          Arrays.sort(a);
      }
  
      public static void printArray(int[] arr) {
          for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
              out.print(arr[i] + " ");
          out.println();
      }
  
      // long data-type
      public long nextLong() throws IOException {
          return Long.parseLong(next());
      }
  
      public long[] nextLongArray(int n) throws IOException {
          long[] arr = new long[n];
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
              arr[i] = nextLong();
          return arr;
      }
  
      public static void printArray(long[] arr) {
          for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
              out.print(arr[i] + " ");
          out.println();
      }
  
      public void sort(long[] a) {
          shuffle(a);
          Arrays.sort(a);
      }
  
      // double data-type
      public double nextDouble() throws IOException {
          return Double.parseDouble(next());
      }
  
      public double[] nextDoubleArray(int n) throws IOException {
          double[] arr = new double[n];
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
              arr[i] = nextDouble();
          return arr;
      }
  
      public static void printArray(double[] arr) {
          for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
              out.print(arr[i] + " ");
          out.println();
      }
  
      // Generic type
      public <T> void sort(T[] a) {
          shuffle(a);
          Arrays.sort(a);
      }
  
      public static <T> void printArray(T[] arr) {
          for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
              out.print(arr[i] + " ");
          out.println();
      }
  
      public String next() throws IOException {
          int len = 0;
          int c;
          do {
              c = in.read();
          } while (Character.isWhitespace(c) && c != -1);
          if (c == -1) {
              throw new NoSuchElementException("Reached EOF");
          }
          do {
              inputBuffer[len] = (char) c;
              len++;
              c = in.read();
          } while (!Character.isWhitespace(c) && c != -1);
          while (c != '\n' && Character.isWhitespace(c) && c != -1) {
              c = in.read();
          }
          if (c != -1 && c != '\n') {
              in.unread(c);
          }
          return new String(inputBuffer, 0, len);
      }
  
      public String nextLine() throws IOException {
          int len = 0;
          int c;
          while ((c = in.read()) != '\n' && c != -1) {
              if (c == '\r') {
                  continue;
              }
              inputBuffer[len] = (char) c;
              len++;
          }
          return new String(inputBuffer, 0, len);
      }
  
      public boolean hasNext() throws IOException {
          String line = nextLine();
          if (line.isEmpty()) {
              return false;
          }
          in.unread('\n');
          in.unread(line.toCharArray());
          return true;
      }
  
      public void shuffle(int[] arr) {
          int n = arr.length;
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
              int j = (int) (Math.random() * (n - i));
              int temp = arr[i];
              arr[i] = arr[j];
              arr[j] = temp;
          }
      }
  
      public void shuffle(long[] arr) {
          int n = arr.length;
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
              int j = (int) (Math.random() * (n - i));
              long temp = arr[i];
              arr[i] = arr[j];
              arr[j] = temp;
          }
      }
  
      public void shuffle(Object[] arr) {
          int n = arr.length;
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
              int j = (int) (Math.random() * (n - i));
              Object temp = arr[i];
              arr[i] = arr[j];
              arr[j] = temp;
          }
      }
  
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
          if (FILE_INPUT)
              in = new PushbackReader(new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File("output.txt"))), 1 << 20);
          if (FILE_OUTPUT)
              out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(new File("output.txt")));
  
          long time = 0;
          time -= System.nanoTime();
          new B().prayGod();
          time += System.nanoTime();
  
          if (RUN_TIMING)
              System.err.printf("%.3f ms%n", time / 1000000.0);
  
          out.flush();
          in.close();
      }
  }