description: Shohag has an integer sequence a_1, a_2, …, a_n. He can perform the following operation any number of times (possibly, zero):
  
    * Select any positive integer k (it can be different in different operations). 
    * Choose any position in the sequence (possibly the beginning or end of the sequence, or in between any two elements) and insert k into the sequence at this position. 
    * This way, the sequence a changes, and the next operation is performed on this changed sequence. 
  
  
  
  For example, if a=[3,3,4] and he selects k = 2, then after the operation he can obtain one of the sequences [\underline{2},3,3,4], [3,\underline{2},3,4], [3,3,\underline{2},4], or [3,3,4,\underline{2}].
  
  Shohag wants this sequence to satisfy the following condition: for each 1 ≤ i ≤ |a|, a_i ≤ i. Here, |a| denotes the size of a.
  
  Help him to find the minimum number of operations that he has to perform to achieve this goal. We can show that under the constraints of the problem it's always possible to achieve this goal in a finite number of operations.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 200) — the number of test cases.
  
  The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100) — the initial length of the sequence.
  
  The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the sequence.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, print a single integer — the minimum number of operations needed to perform to achieve the goal mentioned in the statement.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  4
  3
  1 3 4
  5
  1 2 5 7 4
  1
  1
  3
  69 6969 696969
  
  
  Output
  
  
  1
  3
  0
  696966
  
  Note
  
  In the first test case, we have to perform at least one operation, as a_2=3>2. We can perform the operation [1, 3, 4] → [1, \underline{2}, 3, 4] (the newly inserted element is underlined), now the condition is satisfied.
  
  In the second test case, Shohag can perform the following operations:
  
  [1, 2, 5, 7, 4] → [1, 2, \underline{3}, 5, 7, 4] → [1, 2, 3, \underline{4}, 5, 7, 4] → [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, \underline{3}, 7, 4].
  
  In the third test case, the sequence already satisfies the condition.
solution: from __future__ import division, print_function
  import math
  import sys
  import os
  from io import BytesIO, IOBase
  #from collections import deque, Counter, OrderedDict, defaultdict
  #import heapq
  #ceil,floor,log,sqrt,factorial,pow,pi,gcd
  #import bisect
  #from bisect import bisect_left,bisect_right
  
  BUFSIZE = 8192
  
  
  class FastIO(IOBase):
  	newlines = 0
  
  	def __init__(self, file):
  		self._fd = file.fileno()
  		self.buffer = BytesIO()
  		self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode
  		self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None
  
  	def read(self):
  		while True:
  			b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
  			if not b:
  				break
  			ptr = self.buffer.tell()
  			self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
  		self.newlines = 0
  		return self.buffer.read()
  
  	def readline(self):
  		while self.newlines == 0:
  			b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
  			self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b)
  			ptr = self.buffer.tell()
  			self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
  		self.newlines -= 1
  		return self.buffer.readline()
  
  	def flush(self):
  		if self.writable:
  			os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue())
  			self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0)
  
  
  class IOWrapper(IOBase):
  	def __init__(self, file):
  		self.buffer = FastIO(file)
  		self.flush = self.buffer.flush
  		self.writable = self.buffer.writable
  		self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii"))
  		self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii")
  		self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii")
  
  
  def print(*args, **kwargs):
  	"""Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default."""
  	sep, file = kwargs.pop("sep", " "), kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
  	at_start = True
  	for x in args:
  		if not at_start:
  			file.write(sep)
  		file.write(str(x))
  		at_start = False
  	file.write(kwargs.pop("end", "\n"))
  	if kwargs.pop("flush", False):
  		file.flush()
  
  
  if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
  	sys.stdin, sys.stdout = FastIO(sys.stdin), FastIO(sys.stdout)
  else:
  	sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)
  
  input = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")
  
  def inp():
      return(int(input()))
  def inps():
      return input().strip()
  def inlt():
      return(list(map(int,input().split())))
  def insr():
      s = input().strip()
      return(list(s[:len(s)]))
  def invr():
      return(map(int,input().split()))
  for _ in range(inp()):
      n=inp()
      l=inlt()
      v=0
      for i in range(n):
          v=max(v,l[i]-i)
      print(v-1)