description: You are given an array consisting of all integers from [l, r] inclusive. For example, if l = 2 and r = 5, the array would be [2, 3, 4, 5]. What's the minimum number of elements you can delete to make the [bitwise AND](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND) of the array non-zero?
  
  A bitwise AND is a binary operation that takes two equal-length binary representations and performs the AND operation on each pair of the corresponding bits.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then t cases follow.
  
  The first line of each test case contains two integers l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the description of the array.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, output a single integer — the answer to the problem.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  5
  1 2
  2 8
  4 5
  1 5
  100000 200000
  
  
  Output
  
  
  1
  3
  0
  2
  31072
  
  Note
  
  In the first test case, the array is [1, 2]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0, as 1\ \& \ 2 = 0. However, after deleting 1 (or 2), the array becomes [2] (or [1]), and the bitwise AND becomes 2 (or 1). This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 1.
  
  In the second test case, the array is [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0. However, after deleting 4, 5, and 8, the array becomes [2, 3, 6, 7], and the bitwise AND becomes 2. This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 3. Note that there may be other ways to delete 3 elements.
solution: import static java.lang.Integer.parseInt;
  import static java.lang.Long.parseLong;
  import static java.lang.Math.min;
  import static java.lang.System.exit;
  
  import java.io.BufferedReader;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InputStreamReader;
  import java.io.PrintWriter;
  import java.util.StringTokenizer;
  
  public class B {
  
  	static int get(int b, int i) {
  		return ((b & (1 << i)) != 0 ? b & ((1 << i) - 1) : 0) + ((b & ~((1 << (i + 1)) - 1)) >> 1);
  	}
  
  	static void solve() throws Exception {
  		int tests = scanInt();
  		for (int test = 0; test < tests; test++) {
  			int l = scanInt(), r = scanInt() + 1;
  			int ans = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
  			for (int i = 0; i < 18; i++) {
  				ans = min(ans, r - l - get(r, i) + get(l, i));
  			}
  			out.println(ans);
  		}
  	}
  
  	static int scanInt() throws IOException {
  		return parseInt(scanString());
  	}
  
  	static long scanLong() throws IOException {
  		return parseLong(scanString());
  	}
  
  	static String scanString() throws IOException {
  		while (tok == null || !tok.hasMoreTokens()) {
  			tok = new StringTokenizer(in.readLine());
  		}
  		return tok.nextToken();
  	}
  
  	static BufferedReader in;
  	static PrintWriter out;
  	static StringTokenizer tok;
  
  	public static void main(String[] args) {
  		try {
  			in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
  			out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
  			solve();
  			in.close();
  			out.close();
  		} catch (Throwable e) {
  			e.printStackTrace();
  			exit(1);
  		}
  	}
  }