description: Berland State University has received a new update for the operating system. Initially it is installed only on the 1-st computer.
  
  Update files should be copied to all n computers. The computers are not connected to the internet, so the only way to transfer update files from one computer to another is to copy them using a patch cable (a cable connecting two computers directly). Only one patch cable can be connected to a computer at a time. Thus, from any computer where the update files are installed, they can be copied to some other computer in exactly one hour.
  
  Your task is to find the minimum number of hours required to copy the update files to all n computers if there are only k patch cables in Berland State University.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^5) — the number of test cases.
  
  Each test case consists of a single line that contains two integers n and k (1 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 10^{18}) — the number of computers and the number of patch cables.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case print one integer — the minimum number of hours required to copy the update files to all n computers.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  4
  8 3
  6 6
  7 1
  1 1
  
  
  Output
  
  
  4
  3
  6
  0
  
  Note
  
  Let's consider the test cases of the example:
  
    * n=8, k=3: 
      1. during the first hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 2; 
      2. during the second hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 3, and from the computer 2 to the computer 4; 
      3. during the third hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 5, from the computer 2 to the computer 6, and from the computer 3 to the computer 7; 
      4. during the fourth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 2 to the computer 8. 
    * n=6, k=6: 
      1. during the first hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 2; 
      2. during the second hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 3, and from the computer 2 to the computer 4; 
      3. during the third hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 5, and from the computer 2 to the computer 6. 
    * n=7, k=1: 
      1. during the first hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 2; 
      2. during the second hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 3; 
      3. during the third hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 4; 
      4. during the fourth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 4 to the computer 5; 
      5. during the fifth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 4 to the computer 6; 
      6. during the sixth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 3 to the computer 7. 
solution: 
  import java.io.*;
  import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  import java.util.*;
  
  public class Main {
  
      static class Pair {
          int x,y;
  
          public Pair(int x,int y) {
              this.x=x;
              this.y=y;
          }
      }
  
      static int mod=1000000007;
  
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
      {
          InputStream inputStream = System.in;
          OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
          InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
          OutputWriter out = new OutputWriter(outputStream);
          TaskC solver = new TaskC();
          solver.solve(1, in, out);
          out.close();
      }
  
      static class TaskC
      {
          public static void solve(int testNumber, InputReader in, OutputWriter out)
          {
              int t=in.readInt();
              while(t-->0)
              {
                  long n=in.nextLong();
                  long k=in.nextLong();
                  if(k==1)
                  {
                      out.printLine(n-1);
                      continue;
                  }
                  if(n==1)
                  {
                      out.printLine(0);
                      continue;
                  }
                  long cnt = 1,res = 0;
                  while(cnt <= k){
                      res++;
                      cnt *= 2;
                      if(cnt >= n){
                          break;
                      }
                  }
  
                  if(cnt < n){
                      res += (n - cnt + k - 1)/k;
                  }
                  out.printLine(res);
              }
          }
      }
  
      static class InputReader {
          private InputStream stream;
          private byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
          private int curChar;
          private int numChars;
          private InputReader.SpaceCharFilter filter;
  
          public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
              this.stream = stream;
          }
  
          public int read() {
              if (numChars == -1) {
                  throw new InputMismatchException();
              }
              if (curChar >= numChars) {
                  curChar = 0;
                  try {
                      numChars = stream.read(buf);
                  } catch (IOException e) {
                      throw new InputMismatchException();
                  }
                  if (numChars <= 0) {
                      return -1;
                  }
              }
              return buf[curChar++];
          }
  
          public int readInt() {
              int c = read();
              while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                  c = read();
              }
              int sgn = 1;
              if (c == '-') {
                  sgn = -1;
                  c = read();
              }
              int res = 0;
              do {
                  if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
                      throw new InputMismatchException();
                  }
                  res *= 10;
                  res += c - '0';
                  c = read();
              } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
              return res * sgn;
          }
  
          public int[] nextIntArray(int arraySize) {
              int[] array = new int[arraySize];
  
              for (int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++) {
                  array[i] = readInt();
              }
  
              return array;
          }
  
          public String readString() {
              int c = read();
              while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                  c = read();
              }
              StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
              do {
                  if (Character.isValidCodePoint(c)) {
                      res.appendCodePoint(c);
                  }
                  c = read();
              } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
              return res.toString();
          }
  
          public boolean isNewLine(int c) {
              return c == '\n';
          }
  
          public String nextLine() {
              int c = read();
  
              StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
  
              do {
                  result.appendCodePoint(c);
  
                  c = read();
              } while (!isNewLine(c));
  
              return result.toString();
          }
  
          public long nextLong() {
              int c = read();
  
              while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                  c = read();
              }
  
              int sign = 1;
  
              if (c == '-') {
                  sign = -1;
  
                  c = read();
              }
  
              long result = 0;
  
              do {
                  if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
                      throw new InputMismatchException();
                  }
  
                  result *= 10;
                  result += c & 15;
  
                  c = read();
              } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
  
              return result * sign;
          }
  
          public long[] nextLongArray(int arraySize) {
              long array[] = new long[arraySize];
  
              for (int i = 0; i < arraySize; i++) {
                  array[i] = nextLong();
              }
  
              return array;
          }
  
          public double nextDouble() {
              double ret = 0, div = 1;
              byte c = (byte) read();
  
              while (c <= ' ') {
                  c = (byte) read();
              }
  
              boolean neg = (c == '-');
  
              if (neg) {
                  c = (byte) read();
              }
  
              do {
                  ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
              } while ((c = (byte) read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
  
              if (c == '.') {
                  while ((c = (byte) read()) >= '0' && c <= '9') {
                      ret += (c - '0') / (div *= 10);
                  }
              }
  
              if (neg) {
                  return -ret;
              }
  
              return ret;
          }
  
          public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
              if (filter != null) {
                  return filter.isSpaceChar(c);
              }
              return isWhitespace(c);
          }
  
          public static boolean isWhitespace(int c) {
              return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
          }
  
          public interface SpaceCharFilter {
              public boolean isSpaceChar(int ch);
  
          }
      }
  
      static class CP {
  
          static boolean isPrime(long n) {
              if (n <= 1)
                  return false;
              if (n == 2 || n == 3)
                  return true;
              if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0)
                  return false;
              for (int i = 5; (long) i * i <= n; i += 6) {
                  if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0)
                      return false;
              }
              return true;
          }
  
          static String addChar(String s, int n, String ch) {
              String res =s+String.join("", Collections.nCopies(n, ch));
              return res;
          }
  
          static int ifnotPrime(int[] prime, int x) {
  
              return (prime[x / 64] & (1 << ((x >> 1) & 31)));
          }
  
          static void makeComposite(int[] prime, int x) {
  
              prime[x / 64] |= (1 << ((x >> 1) & 31));
          }
  
          static ArrayList<Integer> bitWiseSieve(int n) {
              ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<>();
              int prime[] = new int[n / 64 + 1];
  
  
              for (int i = 3; i * i <= n; i += 2) {
  
                  if (ifnotPrime(prime, i) == 0)
                      for (int j = i * i, k = i << 1;
                           j < n; j += k)
                          makeComposite(prime, j);
              }
  
              al.add(2);
  
              for (int i = 3; i <= n; i += 2)
                  if (ifnotPrime(prime, i) == 0)
                      al.add(i);
  
              return al;
          }
  
          public static long[] sort(long arr[]){
              List<Long> list = new ArrayList<>();
              for(long n : arr){list.add(n);}
              Collections.sort(list);
              for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
                  arr[i] = list.get(i);
              }
              return arr;
          }
  
  
          static List<Integer> sieve(long size) {
  
              ArrayList<Integer> pr = new ArrayList<Integer>();
              boolean prime[] = new boolean[(int) size];
              for (int i = 2; i < prime.length; i++) prime[i] = true;
              for (int i = 2; i * i < prime.length; i++) {
                  if (prime[i]) {
                      for (int j = i * i; j < prime.length; j += i) {
                          prime[j] = false;
                      }
                  }
              }
              for (int i = 2; i < prime.length; i++) if (prime[i]) pr.add(i);
              return pr;
          }
  
          static void segmented_sieve(int l, int r, ArrayList<Integer> primes) {
              if (l == 1) ++l;
              int max = r - l + 1;
              int arr[] = new int[max];
              for (int p : primes) {
                  if (p * p <= r) {
                      int i = (l / p) * p;
                      if (i < l) i += p;
                      for (; i <= r; i += p) {
                          if (i != p) {
                              arr[i - l] = 1;
                          }
                      }
                  }
              }
              for (int i = 0; i < max; ++i) {
                  if (arr[i] == 0) {
                      System.out.println(l + i);
                  }
              }
          }
  
          static boolean isfPrime(long n, int iteration) {
  
              if (n == 0 || n == 1)
                  return false;
  
              if (n == 2)
                  return true;
  
              if (n % 2 == 0)
                  return false;
  
              Random rand = new Random();
              for (int i = 0; i < iteration; i++) {
                  long r = Math.abs(rand.nextLong());
                  long a = r % (n - 1) + 1;
                  if (modPow(a, n - 1, n) != 1)
                      return false;
              }
              return true;
          }
  
          static long modPow(long a, long b, long c) {
              long res = 1;
              for (int i = 0; i < b; i++) {
                  res *= a;
                  res %= c;
              }
              return res % c;
          }
  
          private static long binPower(long a, long l, long mod) {
  
              long res = 0;
  
              while (l > 0) {
                  if ((l & 1) == 1) {
                      res = mulmod(res, a, mod);
                      ;
                      l >>= 1;
                  }
                  a = mulmod(a, a, mod);
              }
              return res;
          }
  
          private static long mulmod(long a, long b, long c) {
  
              long x = 0, y = a % c;
              while (b > 0) {
                  if (b % 2 == 1) {
                      x = (x + y) % c;
                  }
                  y = (y * 2L) % c;
                  b /= 2;
              }
              return x % c;
  
          }
  
          static long binary_Expo(long a, long b) {
              long res = 1;
              while (b != 0) {
                  if ((b & 1) == 1) {
                      res *= a;
                      --b;
                  }
                  a *= a;
                  b /= 2;
              }
              return res;
          }
  
          static long Modular_Expo(long a, long b) {
              long res = 1;
              while (b != 0) {
                  if ((b & 1) == 1) {
                      res = (res * a) % 1000000007;
                      --b;
                  }
                  a = (a * a) % 1000000007;
                  b /= 2;
              }
              return res;
          }
  
          static int i_gcd(int a, int b) {
              while (true) {
                  if (b == 0)
                      return a;
                  int c = a;
                  a = b;
                  b = c % b;
              }
          }
  
          static long gcd(long a, long b) {
              if (b == 0)
                  return a;
              return gcd(b, a % b);
          }
  
          static long ceil_div(long a, long b) {
              return (a + b - 1) / b;
          }
  
          static int getIthBitFromInt(int bits, int i) {
              return (bits >> (i - 1)) & 1;
          }
  
          private static TreeMap<Long, Long> primeFactorize(long n) {
              TreeMap<Long, Long> pf = new TreeMap<>(Collections.reverseOrder());
              long cnt = 0;
              long total = 1;
              for (long i = 2; (long) i * i <= n; ++i) {
                  if (n % i == 0) {
                      cnt = 0;
                      while (n % i == 0) {
                          ++cnt;
                          n /= i;
                      }
                      pf.put(cnt, i);
                      //total*=(cnt+1);
                  }
              }
              if (n > 1) {
                  pf.put(1L, n);
                  //total*=2;
              }
              return pf;
          }
  
          static long upper_Bound(long a[], long x) {
              long l = -1, r = a.length;
              while (l + 1 < r) {
                  long m = (l + r) >>> 1;
                  if (a[(int) m] <= x)
                      l = m;
                  else
                      r = m;
              }
              return l + 1;
          }
  
          static int upper_Bound(List<Integer> a, int x) {
              int l = -1, r = a.size();
              while (l + 1 < r) {
                  int m = (l + r) >>> 1;
                  if (a.get(m) <= x)
                      l = m;
                  else
                      r = m;
              }
              return l + 1;
          }
  
          static int lower_Bound(int a[],int x) {
              int l = -1, r = a.length;
              while (l + 1 < r) {
                  int m = (l + r) >>> 1;
                  if (a[(int) m] >= x)
                      r = m;
                  else
                      l = m;
              }
              return r;
          }
  
          static long bsh(int  a[],int t) {
              int ans = -1;
              int i = 0, j = a.length - 1;
              while (i <= j) {
                  int mid = i + (j - i) / 2;
                  if (a[mid] == t) {
                      ans = mid;
                      break;
                  } else if (a[mid] > t) {
                      ans = mid;
                      j = mid - 1;
                  } else {
                      i = mid + 1;
                  }
              }
              return ans;
          }
  
          static int bsl(int a[],int t) {
              int ans = -1;
              int i = 0, j = a.length - 1;
              while (i <= j) {
                  int mid = i + (j - i) / 2;
                  if (a[mid] == t) {
                      ans = mid;
                      break;
                  } else if (a[mid] > t) {
                      j = mid - 1;
                  } else {
                      ans=mid;
                      i = mid + 1;
                  }
              }
              return ans;
          }
  
          static int lower_Bound(List<Integer> a, int x)  //closest to the right
          {
              int l = -1, r = a.size();
              while (l + 1 < r) {
                  int m = (l + r) >>> 1;
                  if (a.get(m) >= x)
                      r = m;
                  else
                      l = m;
              }
              return r;
          }
  
          static boolean isSquarefactor(int x, int factor, int target) {
              int s = (int) Math.round(Math.sqrt(x));
              return factor * s * s == target;
          }
  
          static boolean isSquare(int x) {
              int s = (int) Math.round(Math.sqrt(x));
              return x * x == s;
          }
  
          static void sort(int a[]) // heap sort
          {
              PriorityQueue<Integer> q = new PriorityQueue<>();
              for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
                  q.add(a[i]);
              for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
                  a[i] = q.poll();
          }
  
          static void shuffle(int[] in) {
              for (int i = 0; i < in.length; i++) {
                  int idx = (int) (Math.random() * in.length);
                  fast_swap(in, idx, i);
              }
          }
  
          static int[] computeLps(String pat) {
              int len = 0, i = 1, m = pat.length();
              int lps[] = new int[m];
              lps[0] = 0;
              while (i < m) {
                  if (pat.charAt(i) == pat.charAt(len)) {
                      ++len;
                      lps[i] = len;
                      ++i;
                  } else {
                      if (len != 0) {
                          len = lps[len - 1];
                      } else {
                          lps[i] = len;
                          ++i;
                      }
                  }
              }
              return lps;
          }
  
          static void kmp(String s, String pat) {
              int n = s.length(), m = pat.length();
              int lps[] = computeLps(pat);
              int i = 0, j = 0;
              while (i < n) {
                  if (s.charAt(i) == pat.charAt(j)) {
                      i++;
                      j++;
  
                  } else {
                      if (j != 0) {
                          j = lps[j - 1];
                      } else {
                          i++;
                      }
                  }
              }
          }
  
          static void reverse_ruffle_sort(int a[]) {
              shuffle(a);
              Arrays.sort(a);
              for (int l = 0, r = a.length - 1; l < r; ++l, --r)
                  fast_swap(a, l, r);
  
          }
  
          static void ruffle_sort(int a[]) {
              shuffle(a);
              Arrays.sort(a);
          }
  
          static int getMax(int arr[], int n) {
              int mx = arr[0];
              for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
                  if (arr[i] > mx)
                      mx = arr[i];
              return mx;
          }
  
          static ArrayList<Long> primeFactors(long n) {
              ArrayList<Long> al = new ArrayList<>();
              while (n % 2 == 0) {
                  al.add(2L);
                  n /= 2L;
              }
  
              for (int i = 3; (long) i * i <= n; i += 2) {
                  while ((n % i == 0)) {
                      al.add((long) i);
                      n /= i;
                  }
              }
  
              if (n > 2) {
                  al.add(n);
              }
              return al;
          }
  
          static int[] z_function(String s) {
              int n = s.length(), z[] = new int[n];
  
              for (int i = 1, l = 0, r = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                  if (i <= r)
                      z[i] = Math.min(z[i - l], r - i + 1);
  
                  while (i + z[i] < n && s.charAt(z[i]) == s.charAt(i + z[i]))
                      ++z[i];
  
                  if (i + z[i] - 1 > r) {
                      l = i;
                      r = i + z[i] - 1;
                  }
              }
              return z;
          }
  
          static void swap(int a[], int idx1, int idx2) {
              a[idx1] += a[idx2];
              a[idx2] = a[idx1] - a[idx2];
              a[idx1] -= a[idx2];
          }
  
          static void fast_swap(int[] a, int idx1, int idx2) {
              if (a[idx1] == a[idx2])
                  return;
  
              a[idx1] ^= a[idx2];
              a[idx2] ^= a[idx1];
              a[idx1] ^= a[idx2];
          }
  
          public static void fast_sort(long[] array) {
              ArrayList<Long> copy = new ArrayList<>();
              for (long i : array)
                  copy.add(i);
              Collections.sort(copy);
              for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++)
                  array[i] = copy.get(i);
          }
  
          static int divCount(int n) {
              boolean hash[] = new boolean[n + 1];
              Arrays.fill(hash, true);
              for (int p = 2; p * p < n; p++)
                  if (hash[p] == true)
                      for (int i = p * 2; i < n; i += p)
                          hash[i] = false;
  
              int total = 1;
              for (int p = 2; p <= n; p++) {
                  if (hash[p]) {
                      int count = 0;
                      if (n % p == 0) {
                          while (n % p == 0) {
                              n = n / p;
                              count++;
                          }
                          total = total * (count + 1);
                      }
                  }
              }
              return total;
          }
  
          public static ArrayList<Long> getFactors(long x) {
  
              ArrayList<Long> facts=new ArrayList<>();
              for(long i=2;i*i<=x;++i)
              {
                  if(x%i==0)
                  {
                      facts.add(i);
                      if(i!=x/i)
                      {
                          facts.add(x/i);
                      }
                  }
              }
              return facts;
          }
      }
  
      static void py() {
          System.out.println("YES");
      }
  
      static void pn() {
          System.out.println("NO");
      }
  
      static class OutputWriter {
          private final PrintWriter writer;
  
          public OutputWriter(OutputStream outputStream) {
              writer = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream)));
          }
  
          public OutputWriter(Writer writer) {
              this.writer = new PrintWriter(writer);
          }
  
          public void print(int[] array) {
              for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
                  if (i != 0) {
                      writer.print(' ');
                  }
                  writer.print(array[i]);
              }
          }
  
          public void printLine(int[] array) {
              print(array);
              writer.println();
          }
  
          public void close() {
              writer.close();
          }
  
          public void printLine(long i) {
              writer.println(i);
          }
  
          public void printLine(int i) {
              writer.println(i);
          }
          public void printLine(char c)
          {
              writer.println(c);
          }
  
          public void print(Object... objects) {
              for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
                  if (i != 0) {
                      writer.print(' ');
                  }
                  writer.print(objects[i]);
              }
          }
  
          public void printLine(Object... objects) {
              print(objects);
              writer.println();
          }
      }
  }
  
  
  
  
  