description: Petya has an array of integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n. He only likes sorted arrays. Unfortunately, the given array could be arbitrary, so Petya wants to sort it.
  
  Petya likes to challenge himself, so he wants to sort array using only 3-cycles. More formally, in one operation he can pick 3 pairwise distinct indices i, j, and k (1 ≤ i, j, k ≤ n) and apply i → j → k → i cycle to the array a. It simultaneously places a_i on position j, a_j on position k, and a_k on position i, without changing any other element.
  
  For example, if a is [10, 50, 20, 30, 40, 60] and he chooses i = 2, j = 1, k = 5, then the array becomes [\underline{50}, \underline{40}, 20, 30, \underline{10}, 60].
  
  Petya can apply arbitrary number of 3-cycles (possibly, zero). You are to determine if Petya can sort his array a, i. e. make it non-decreasing.
  
  Input
  
  Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 5 ⋅ 10^5). Description of the test cases follows.
  
  The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 5 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of the array a.
  
  The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, …, a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ n).
  
  It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 5 ⋅ 10^5.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, print "YES" (without quotes) if Petya can sort the array a using 3-cycles, and "NO" (without quotes) otherwise. You can print each letter in any case (upper or lower).
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  7
  1
  1
  2
  2 2
  2
  2 1
  3
  1 2 3
  3
  2 1 3
  3
  3 1 2
  4
  2 1 4 3
  
  
  Output
  
  
  YES
  YES
  NO
  YES
  NO
  YES
  YES
  
  Note
  
  In the 6-th test case Petya can use the 3-cycle 1 → 3 → 2 → 1 to sort the array.
  
  In the 7-th test case Petya can apply 1 → 3 → 2 → 1 and make a = [1, 4, 2, 3]. Then he can apply 2 → 4 → 3 → 2 and finally sort the array.
solution: import java.util.*;
  import java.io.*;
  
  public class D_1591 {
  	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
  		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
  		
  		int T = sc.nextInt();
  		for(int t = 1; t <= T; t++) {
  			int n = sc.nextInt();
  			int[] array = sc.nextIntArray(n);
  			TreeSet<Integer> set = new TreeSet<>();
  			for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  				set.add(array[i]);
  			if(set.size() < n)
  				pw.println("YES");
  			else {
  				int N = 1;
  				while(N <= n)
  					N <<= 1;
  				SegmentTree tree = new SegmentTree(N);
  				long cnt = 0;
  				for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
  					cnt += tree.query(array[i] + 1, N);
  					tree.update_point(array[i], 1);
  				}
  				pw.println(cnt % 2 == 0 ? "YES" : "NO");
  			}
  		}
  		
  		pw.flush();
  	}
  	
  	public static class SegmentTree {
  		
  		int N;
  		int[] sTree;
  		
  		public SegmentTree(int N) {
  			this.N = N;
  			sTree = new int[N<<1];
  		}
  		
  		public int query(int l, int r) {
  			return query(1, 1, N, l, r);
  		}
  		
  		public int query(int node, int b, int e, int l, int r) {
  			if(r < b || l > e)
  				return 0;
  			if(b >= l && e <= r)
  				return sTree[node];
  			
  			int left = node<<1, right = node<<1|1;
  			int mid = (b + e)>>1;
  						
  			return query(left, b, mid, l, r) + query(right, mid + 1, e, l, r);
  		}
  		
  		public void update_point(int n, int v) {
  			n += N - 1;
  			sTree[n] += v;
  			while(n > 1) {
  				n /= 2;
  				sTree[n] = sTree[n<<1] + sTree[n<<1|1];
  			}
  		}
  	}
  
  	public static class Scanner {
  		StringTokenizer st;
  		BufferedReader br;
  
  		public Scanner(InputStream system) {
  			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(system));
  		}
  
  		public Scanner(String file) throws Exception {
  			br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
  		}
  
  		public String next() throws IOException {
  			while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens())
  				st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
  			return st.nextToken();
  		}
  
  		public String nextLine() throws IOException {
  			return br.readLine();
  		}
  
  		public int nextInt() throws IOException {
  			return Integer.parseInt(next());
  		}
  
  		public double nextDouble() throws IOException {
  			return Double.parseDouble(next());
  		}
  
  		public char nextChar() throws IOException {
  			return next().charAt(0);
  		}
  
  		public long nextLong() throws IOException {
  			return Long.parseLong(next());
  		}
  
  		public int[] nextIntArray(int n) throws IOException {
  			int[] array = new int[n];
  			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  				array[i] = nextInt();
  			return array;
  		}
  
  		public Integer[] nextIntegerArray(int n) throws IOException {
  			Integer[] array = new Integer[n];
  			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  				array[i] = new Integer(nextInt());
  			return array;
  		}
  
  		public long[] nextLongArray(int n) throws IOException {
  			long[] array = new long[n];
  			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  				array[i] = nextLong();
  			return array;
  		}
  
  		public double[] nextDoubleArray(int n) throws IOException {
  			double[] array = new double[n];
  			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  				array[i] = nextDouble();
  			return array;
  		}
  
  		public static int[] shuffle(int[] a) {
  			int n = a.length;
  			Random rand = new Random();
  			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
  				int tmpIdx = rand.nextInt(n);
  				int tmp = a[i];
  				a[i] = a[tmpIdx];
  				a[tmpIdx] = tmp;
  			}
  			return a;
  		}
  
  		public boolean ready() throws IOException {
  			return br.ready();
  		}
  
  		public void waitForInput() throws InterruptedException {
  			Thread.sleep(3000);
  		}
  	}
  }
  