description: You are given an array consisting of all integers from [l, r] inclusive. For example, if l = 2 and r = 5, the array would be [2, 3, 4, 5]. What's the minimum number of elements you can delete to make the [bitwise AND](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND) of the array non-zero?
  
  A bitwise AND is a binary operation that takes two equal-length binary representations and performs the AND operation on each pair of the corresponding bits.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then t cases follow.
  
  The first line of each test case contains two integers l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the description of the array.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, output a single integer — the answer to the problem.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  5
  1 2
  2 8
  4 5
  1 5
  100000 200000
  
  
  Output
  
  
  1
  3
  0
  2
  31072
  
  Note
  
  In the first test case, the array is [1, 2]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0, as 1\ \& \ 2 = 0. However, after deleting 1 (or 2), the array becomes [2] (or [1]), and the bitwise AND becomes 2 (or 1). This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 1.
  
  In the second test case, the array is [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0. However, after deleting 4, 5, and 8, the array becomes [2, 3, 6, 7], and the bitwise AND becomes 2. This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 3. Note that there may be other ways to delete 3 elements.
solution: import java.io.*;
  import java.util.*;
  
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  ////////                                                                                                               /////////
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  ////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEEEEEEEEEE   MMMM          MMMM         OOOOOO             SSSSSSS      EEEEEEEEEEEEE  /////////
  ////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEEEEEEEEEE   MMMMMM      MMMMMM      OOO      OOO        SSSS   SSS     EEEEEEEEEEEEE  /////////
  ////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEE           MMMM MMM  MMM MMMM    OOO          OOO    SSSS       SSS   EEEEE          /////////
  ////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEE           MMMM  MMMMMM  MMMM   OOO            OOO   SSSS             EEEEE          /////////
  ////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEE           MMMM          MMMM  OOO              OOO   SSSSSSS         EEEEE          /////////
  ////////   HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH  EEEEEEEEEEE     MMMM          MMMM  OOO              OOO      SSSSSS       EEEEEEEEEEE    /////////
  ////////   HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH  EEEEEEEEEEE     MMMM          MMMM  OOO              OOO         SSSSSSS   EEEEEEEEEEE    /////////
  ////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEE           MMMM          MMMM   OOO            OOO              SSSS  EEEEE          /////////
  ////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEE           MMMM          MMMM    OOO          OOO     SSS       SSSS  EEEEE          /////////
  ////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEEEEEEEEEE   MMMM          MMMM      OOO      OOO        SSS    SSSS    EEEEEEEEEEEEE  /////////
  ////////   HHHH        HHHH  EEEEEEEEEEEEE   MMMM          MMMM         OOOOOO             SSSSSSS      EEEEEEEEEEEEE  /////////
  ////////                                                                                                               /////////
  ////////                                                                                                               /////////
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  public class global18 {
      static int[][] bitInside;
      static int Max = (int) 3e5 + 1;
  
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
  
          Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
          PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
          int t = sc.nextInt();
          bitInside = new int[30][Max + 1];
  
          for (int i = 1; i <= Max; i++) {
              for (int j = 0; j < 30; j++) {
                  if ((i & (1 << j)) != 0)
                      bitInside[j][i]++;
  
                  bitInside[j][i] += bitInside[j][i - 1];
              }
          }
          while (t-- > 0) {
              int l = sc.nextInt() - 1;
              int r = sc.nextInt();
              int ans = r - l;
  
              for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
                  ans = Math.min(ans, (r - l) - (bitInside[i][r] - bitInside[i][l]));
              }
              pw.println(ans);
          }
  
          pw.flush();
  
      }
  
  
      static class Scanner {
          BufferedReader br;
          StringTokenizer st;
  
          public Scanner(InputStream s) {
              br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s));
          }
  
          public Scanner(FileReader f) {
              br = new BufferedReader(f);
          }
  
          public String next() throws IOException {
              while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens())
                  st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
              return st.nextToken();
          }
  
          public int nextInt() throws IOException {
              return Integer.parseInt(next());
          }
  
          public long nextLong() throws IOException {
              return Long.parseLong(next());
          }
  
          public double nextDouble() throws IOException {
              return Double.parseDouble(next());
          }
  
          public int[] nextIntArr(int n) throws IOException {
              int[] arr = new int[n];
              for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                  arr[i] = Integer.parseInt(next());
              }
              return arr;
          }
  
      }
  
  }