description: Berland State University has received a new update for the operating system. Initially it is installed only on the 1-st computer.
  
  Update files should be copied to all n computers. The computers are not connected to the internet, so the only way to transfer update files from one computer to another is to copy them using a patch cable (a cable connecting two computers directly). Only one patch cable can be connected to a computer at a time. Thus, from any computer where the update files are installed, they can be copied to some other computer in exactly one hour.
  
  Your task is to find the minimum number of hours required to copy the update files to all n computers if there are only k patch cables in Berland State University.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^5) — the number of test cases.
  
  Each test case consists of a single line that contains two integers n and k (1 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 10^{18}) — the number of computers and the number of patch cables.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case print one integer — the minimum number of hours required to copy the update files to all n computers.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  4
  8 3
  6 6
  7 1
  1 1
  
  
  Output
  
  
  4
  3
  6
  0
  
  Note
  
  Let's consider the test cases of the example:
  
    * n=8, k=3: 
      1. during the first hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 2; 
      2. during the second hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 3, and from the computer 2 to the computer 4; 
      3. during the third hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 5, from the computer 2 to the computer 6, and from the computer 3 to the computer 7; 
      4. during the fourth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 2 to the computer 8. 
    * n=6, k=6: 
      1. during the first hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 2; 
      2. during the second hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 3, and from the computer 2 to the computer 4; 
      3. during the third hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 5, and from the computer 2 to the computer 6. 
    * n=7, k=1: 
      1. during the first hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 2; 
      2. during the second hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 3; 
      3. during the third hour, we copy the update files from the computer 1 to the computer 4; 
      4. during the fourth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 4 to the computer 5; 
      5. during the fifth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 4 to the computer 6; 
      6. during the sixth hour, we copy the update files from the computer 3 to the computer 7. 
solution:     import java.io.BufferedReader;
      import java.io.FileInputStream;
      import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
      import java.io.IOException;
      import java.io.InputStreamReader;
      import java.util.*;
  import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
  import java.io.PrintStream;
      import java.io.PrintWriter;
      import java.io.DataInputStream;
  
          public class Solution {
  
              public static boolean Local(){
                  try{ 
                      return System.getenv("LOCAL_SYS")!=null;
                  }catch(Exception e){
                      return false;
                  }
              }   
  
              public static boolean LOCAL;
  
              static class FastScanner {
  
                      BufferedReader br;
                      StringTokenizer st ;
  
                      FastScanner(){
                          br =  new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                          st = new StringTokenizer("");
                      }
  
                      FastScanner(String file) {
  
                          try{
                              br =  new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file)));
                              st = new StringTokenizer("");
                          }catch(FileNotFoundException e) {
                              // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                              System.out.println("file not found");
                              e.printStackTrace();
                          }
                          
                      }
                      
  
                      String next() {
                          while (!st.hasMoreTokens())
                              try {
                                  st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                              } catch (IOException e) {
                              }
                          return st.nextToken();
                      }
  
                      int nextInt() {
                          return Integer.parseInt(next());
                      }
  
                      long nextLong() {
                          return Long.parseLong(next());
                      }
                      String readLine() throws IOException{
                          return br.readLine();
                      }
                  }
                                      
              static class Pair<T,X> {
  
                  T first;
                  X second;
                  
                  Pair(T first,X second){
                      this.first = first;
                      this.second = second;
                  }
  
                  @Override
                  public int hashCode(){
                      return Objects.hash(first,second);
                  }
  
                  @Override
                  public boolean equals(Object obj){
                      return obj.hashCode() == this.hashCode();
                  }
  
              }
  
          
          static PrintStream debug = null;
          
          
          static long mod = (long)(Math.pow(10,9) + 7); 
          
  
          public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
              
              FastScanner s = new FastScanner();
  
              LOCAL = Local();
  
              //PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
  
  
              
              if(LOCAL){
                  s = new FastScanner("src/input.txt");
                  PrintStream o = new PrintStream("src/sampleout.txt");
                  debug = new PrintStream("src/debug.txt");
                  System.setOut(o);
              //  pw = new PrintWriter(o);
              }
  
  
              
              long mod = 1000000007;
  
          
              int tcr =  s.nextInt();                  
              
              StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  
  
              for(int tc=0;tc<tcr;tc++){
                  
                  long n = s.nextLong();
                  long k = s.nextLong();
                  if(n == 1l){sb.append("0\n");continue;}
                  long hour = 0l;
                  // if(k >= (n-1l)){
                  //     sb.append(hour+"\n");
                  //     continue;
                  // }
                  long done = 1l;
                  while(done < n && done <= k){
                      done += (done);
                      hour+=1l;
                  }
                 // println(done+" ");
                  long rem = n - done;
                  
                 // println(rem+"--");
                  if(rem <= 0l){
                      sb.append(hour+"\n");
                      continue;
                  }
                  //println((long)Math.ceil(rem / (k)));
                  hour += (long)(rem / (k));
                  if(rem % k != 0l){
                      hour++;
                  }
                  sb.append(hour+"\n");
              }                           
  
              print(sb.toString());
          }
  
          public static int justGreater(long arr[],long num,int st,long mag_dec){
             // int st = 0;
              int e = arr.length - 1;
  
              int ans = arr.length;
  
              while(st <= e){
                  
                  int mid = (st + e)/2;
  
                  if((arr[mid] - mag_dec) <= num){
                      st = mid + 1;
                  }else{
                      ans = mid;
                      e = mid - 1;
                  }
              }
  
              return ans;
  
          }
  
  
          public static List<int[]> print_prime_factors(int n){
          
              List<int[]> list = new ArrayList<>();
              
              for(int i=2;i<=(int)(Math.sqrt(n));i++){
      
                  if(n % i == 0){
                      
                      int cnt = 0;
                      
                      while( (n % i) == 0){
                          n = n/i;
                          cnt++;
                      }
      
                      list.add(new int[]{i,cnt});
                  }
              }
      
              if(n!=1){
                  list.add(new int[]{n,1});
              }
  
              return list;
          }
  
          public static boolean inRange(int r1,int r2,int val){
              return ((val >= r1) && (val <= r2));
          }
  
          static int len(long num){
              return Long.toString(num).length();
          }
  
          static long mulmod(long a, long b,long mod)
          {
              long ans = 0l;
              
              while(b > 0){
                  long curr = (b & 1l);
                  if(curr == 1l){
                      ans = ((ans % mod) + a) % mod;
                  }
                  
                  a = (a + a) % mod;
  
                  b = b >> 1;
              }
  
              return ans;
          }
  
  
          public static void dbg(PrintStream ps,Object... o) throws Exception{
              if(ps == null){
                  return;
              }
              Debug.dbg(ps,o);
          }
  
          public static long modpow(long num,long pow,long mod){
  
              long val = num;
              long ans = 1l;
  
              while(pow > 0l){
                  
                  long bit = pow & 1l;
  
                  if(bit == 1){
                      ans = (ans * (val%mod))%mod;
                  }
  
                  val = (val * val) % mod;
                  pow = pow >> 1;
              }
  
              return ans;
  
          }
  
          public static char get(int n){
              return (char)('a' + n);
          }
  
          public static long[] sort(long arr[]){
              List<Long> list = new ArrayList<>();
              for(long n : arr){list.add(n);}
              Collections.sort(list);
              for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
                  arr[i] = list.get(i);
              }
              return arr;
          }
  
          public static int[] sort(int arr[]){
              List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
              for(int n : arr){list.add(n);}
              Collections.sort(list);
              for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++){
                  arr[i] = list.get(i);
              }
              return arr;
          }
  
          // return the (index + 1)
          // where index is the pos of just smaller element
          // i.e count of elemets strictly less than num
          public static int justSmaller(long arr[],long num){
              //  System.out.println(num+"@");
              int st = 0;
              int e = arr.length - 1;
  
              int ans = -1;
  
              while(st <= e){
  
                  int mid = (st + e)/2;
  
                  if(arr[mid] >= num){
                      e = mid - 1;
                  }else{
                      ans = mid;
                      st = mid + 1;
                  }
  
              }
  
  
              return ans + 1;
  
          }
          public static int justSmaller(int arr[],int num){
              //  System.out.println(num+"@");
              int st = 0;
              int e = arr.length - 1;
  
              int ans = -1;
  
              while(st <= e){
  
                  int mid = (st + e)/2;
  
                  if(arr[mid] >= num){
                      e = mid - 1;
                  }else{
                      ans = mid;
                      st = mid + 1;
                  }
  
              }
  
  
              return ans + 1;
  
          }
          
          //return (index of just greater element)
          //count of elements smaller than or equal to num
  
          public static int justGreater(long arr[],long num){
              int st = 0;
              int e = arr.length - 1;
  
              int ans = arr.length;
  
              while(st <= e){
                  
                  int mid = (st + e)/2;
  
                  if(arr[mid] <= num){
                      st = mid + 1;
                  }else{
                      ans = mid;
                      e = mid - 1;
                  }
              }
  
              return ans;
  
          }
  
          public static int justGreater(int arr[],int num){
              int st = 0;
              int e = arr.length - 1;
  
              int ans = arr.length;
  
              while(st <= e){
                  
                  int mid = (st + e)/2;
  
                  if(arr[mid] <= num){
                      st = mid + 1;
                  }else{
                      ans = mid;
                      e = mid - 1;
                  }
              }
  
              return ans;
  
          }
  
          
  
          public static void println(Object obj){
              System.out.println(obj.toString());
          }
  
          public static void print(Object obj){
              System.out.print(obj.toString());
          }
  
          public static int gcd(int a,int b){
              if(b == 0){return a;}
              return gcd(b,a%b);
          }
  
          public static long gcd(long a,long b){
              if(b == 0l){
                  return a;
              }
  
              return gcd(b,a%b);
          }
  
          public static int find(int parent[],int v){
              if(parent[v] == v){
                  return v;
              }
              
              return parent[v] = find(parent, parent[v]);
          }
  
  
  
          public static List<Integer> sieve(){
          
                  List<Integer> prime = new ArrayList<>();
  
                  int arr[] = new int[100001];
  
              Arrays.fill(arr,1);
  
              arr[1] = 0;
              arr[2] = 1;
  
              for(int i=2;i<=100000;i++){
                  
                  if(arr[i] == 1){
                      
                      prime.add(i);
  
                      for(long j = (i*1l*i);j<100001;j+=i){
                          arr[(int)j] = 0;
                      }
                  }
              }
  
              return prime;
          }
  
          static boolean isPower(long n,long a){
              
              long log = (long)(Math.log(n)/Math.log(a));
  
              long power = (long)Math.pow(a,log);
  
              if(power == n){return true;}
  
              return false;
          }
  
  
          private static int mergeAndCount(int[] arr, int l,int m, int r)
          {
  
              // Left subarray
              int[] left =  Arrays.copyOfRange(arr, l, m + 1);
  
              // Right subarray
              int[] right = Arrays.copyOfRange(arr, m + 1, r + 1);
  
              int i = 0, j = 0, k = l, swaps = 0;
  
              while (i < left.length && j < right.length) {
                  if (left[i] <= right[j])
                      arr[k++] = left[i++];
                  else {
                      arr[k++] = right[j++];
                      swaps += (m + 1) - (l + i);
                  }
              }
              while (i < left.length)
                  arr[k++] = left[i++];
              while (j < right.length)
                  arr[k++] = right[j++];
              return swaps;
          }
  
          // Merge sort function
          private static int mergeSortAndCount(int[] arr, int l,int r)
          {
  
              // Keeps track of the inversion count at a
              // particular node of the recursion tree
              int count = 0;
  
              if (l < r) {
                  int m = (l + r) / 2;
  
                  // Total inversion count = left subarray count
                  // + right subarray count + merge count
  
                  // Left subarray count
                  count += mergeSortAndCount(arr, l, m);
  
                  // Right subarray count
                  count += mergeSortAndCount(arr, m + 1, r);
  
                  // Merge count
                  count += mergeAndCount(arr, l, m, r);
              }
  
              return count;
          }
  
          static class Debug{
              //change to System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE")==null; for CodeForces
              public static final boolean LOCAL = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE")==null;
  
              
  
              private static <T> String ts(T t) {
                  if(t==null) {
                      return "null";
                  }
                  try {
                      return ts((Iterable) t);
                  }catch(ClassCastException e) {
                      if(t instanceof int[]) {
                          String s = Arrays.toString((int[]) t);
                          return "{"+s.substring(1, s.length()-1)+"}\n";
                      }else if(t instanceof long[]) {
                          String s = Arrays.toString((long[]) t);
                          return "{"+s.substring(1, s.length()-1)+"}\n";
                      }else if(t instanceof char[]) {
                          String s = Arrays.toString((char[]) t);
                          return "{"+s.substring(1, s.length()-1)+"}\n";
                      }else if(t instanceof double[]) {
                          String s = Arrays.toString((double[]) t);
                          return "{"+s.substring(1, s.length()-1)+"}\n";
                      }else if(t instanceof boolean[]) {
                          String s = Arrays.toString((boolean[]) t);
                          return "{"+s.substring(1, s.length()-1)+"}\n";
                      }
                      try {
                          return ts((Object[]) t);
                      }catch(ClassCastException e1) {
                          return t.toString();
                      }
                  }
              }
              private static <T> String ts(T[] arr) {
                  StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
                  ret.append("{");
                  boolean first = true;
                  for(T t: arr) {
                      if(!first) {
                          ret.append(", ");
                      }
                      first = false;
                      ret.append(ts(t));
                  }
                  ret.append("}");
                  return ret.toString();
              }
              private static <T> String ts(Iterable<T> iter) {
                  StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
                  ret.append("{");
                  boolean first = true;
                  for(T t: iter) {
                      if(!first) {
                          ret.append(", ");
                      }
                      first = false;
                      ret.append(ts(t));
                  }
                  ret.append("}\n");
                  return ret.toString();
              }
              public static void dbg(PrintStream ps,Object... o) throws Exception {
                  if(LOCAL) {
                      System.setErr(ps);
                      System.err.print("Line #"+Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[2].getLineNumber()+": [\n");
                      for(int i = 0; i<o.length; i++) {
                          if(i!=0) {
                              System.err.print(", ");
                          }
                          System.err.print(ts(o[i]));
                      }
                      System.err.println("]");
                  }
              }
          }
  
      }