description: You are given an array consisting of all integers from [l, r] inclusive. For example, if l = 2 and r = 5, the array would be [2, 3, 4, 5]. What's the minimum number of elements you can delete to make the [bitwise AND](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND) of the array non-zero?
  
  A bitwise AND is a binary operation that takes two equal-length binary representations and performs the AND operation on each pair of the corresponding bits.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then t cases follow.
  
  The first line of each test case contains two integers l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the description of the array.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, output a single integer — the answer to the problem.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  5
  1 2
  2 8
  4 5
  1 5
  100000 200000
  
  
  Output
  
  
  1
  3
  0
  2
  31072
  
  Note
  
  In the first test case, the array is [1, 2]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0, as 1\ \& \ 2 = 0. However, after deleting 1 (or 2), the array becomes [2] (or [1]), and the bitwise AND becomes 2 (or 1). This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 1.
  
  In the second test case, the array is [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0. However, after deleting 4, 5, and 8, the array becomes [2, 3, 6, 7], and the bitwise AND becomes 2. This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 3. Note that there may be other ways to delete 3 elements.
solution: import java.util.*;
  import java.io.*;
  public class Solution {
      static class FastReader {
          BufferedReader br;
          StringTokenizer st;
          public FastReader() {
              br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
          }
          String next() {
              while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
                  try {
                      st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                  } catch (IOException e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
              }
              return st.nextToken();
          }
          int nextInt() {
              return Integer.parseInt(next());
          }
          long nextLong() {
              return Long.parseLong(next());
          }
          double nextDouble() {
              return Double.parseDouble(next());
          }
          String nextLine() {
              String str = "";
              try {
                  str = br.readLine();
              } catch (IOException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
              return str;
          }
      }
      static void sort(int a[]){ // int -> long
          ArrayList<Integer> arr=new ArrayList<>(); // Integer -> Long
          for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++)
          arr.add(a[i]);
          Collections.sort(arr);
          for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++)
          a[i]=arr.get(i);
          
      }
      private static long gcd(long a, long b){
          if(b==0)return a;
          return gcd(b,a%b);
      }
      private static long pow(long x,long y){
          if(y==0)return 1;
          long temp = pow(x, y/2);
          if(y%2==1){
              return x*temp*temp;
          }
          else{
              return temp*temp;
          }
      }
      static int log(long n){
          int res = 0;
          while(n>0){
              res++;
              n/=2;
          }
          return res;
      }
  
      static int mod = (int)1e9+7;
      static int INF = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
      static PrintWriter out;
      static FastReader sc ;
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
          sc = new FastReader();
          out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
          // primes();
          // ================================ //
          dp = new int[200009][21];
          for(int i=1;i<=200000;i++){
              for(int j=0;j<21;j++){
                  dp[i][j]=dp[i-1][j]+(((1<<j)&i)==(1<<j)?1:0);
              }
          }
          int test = sc.nextInt();
          while (test-- > 0) {
              int a = sc.nextInt();
              int b = sc.nextInt();
              solver(a, b);
          }
          // ================================ //
          // int n = sc.nextInt();
          // solver();
          // ================================ //
          out.flush();
      }
      static int[][]dp;
      public static void solver(int a, int b) {
          int res = 0;
          for(int i=0;i<21;i++){
             res = Math.max(res, dp[b][i]-dp[a-1][i]); 
          }
          out.println( b-a+1-res);
      }
  }
  