description: You are given an array consisting of all integers from [l, r] inclusive. For example, if l = 2 and r = 5, the array would be [2, 3, 4, 5]. What's the minimum number of elements you can delete to make the [bitwise AND](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND) of the array non-zero?
  
  A bitwise AND is a binary operation that takes two equal-length binary representations and performs the AND operation on each pair of the corresponding bits.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then t cases follow.
  
  The first line of each test case contains two integers l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the description of the array.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, output a single integer — the answer to the problem.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  5
  1 2
  2 8
  4 5
  1 5
  100000 200000
  
  
  Output
  
  
  1
  3
  0
  2
  31072
  
  Note
  
  In the first test case, the array is [1, 2]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0, as 1\ \& \ 2 = 0. However, after deleting 1 (or 2), the array becomes [2] (or [1]), and the bitwise AND becomes 2 (or 1). This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 1.
  
  In the second test case, the array is [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0. However, after deleting 4, 5, and 8, the array becomes [2, 3, 6, 7], and the bitwise AND becomes 2. This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 3. Note that there may be other ways to delete 3 elements.
solution: import java.util.*;
  import java.io.*;
  
  public class _18 {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          MyScanner sc = new MyScanner();
          PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedOutputStream(System.out));
          int t = sc.nextInt();
          int MAX = (int) 2e5 + 1;
          int [][] count = new int[MAX][20];
          for (int i = 1; i < MAX; i++) {
              for (int j = 0; j < 20; j++) {
                  count[i][j] = count[i - 1][j] + ((i >> j) & 1);
              }
          }
          while (t-- > 0) {
              int l = sc.nextInt();
              int r = sc.nextInt();
              int res = r - l;
              for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                  res = Math.min(res, r - l + 1 - (count[r][i] - count[l - 1][i]));
              }
              out.println(res);
          }
          out.close();
      }
  
  
      static void sort(int[] a) {
          ArrayList<Integer> q = new ArrayList<>();
          for (int i : a) q.add(i);
          Collections.sort(q);
          for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) a[i] = q.get(i);
      }
  
      static void sort(long[] a) {
          ArrayList<Long> q = new ArrayList<>();
          for (long i : a) q.add(i);
          Collections.sort(q);
          for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) a[i] = q.get(i);
      }
  
  
      //-----------MyScanner class for faster input----------
      public static class MyScanner {
          BufferedReader br;
          StringTokenizer st;
  
          public MyScanner() {
              br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
          }
  
          String next() {
              while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
                  try {
                      st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                  } catch (IOException e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
              }
              return st.nextToken();
          }
  
          int nextInt() {
              return Integer.parseInt(next());
          }
  
          long nextLong() {
              return Long.parseLong(next());
          }
  
          double nextDouble() {
              return Double.parseDouble(next());
          }
  
          String nextLine() {
              String str = "";
              try {
                  str = br.readLine();
              } catch (IOException e) {
                  e.printStackTrace();
              }
              return str;
          }
  
  
      }
  
  }