description: Theofanis really likes sequences of positive integers, thus his teacher (Yeltsa Kcir) gave him a problem about a sequence that consists of only special numbers.
  
  Let's call a positive number special if it can be written as a sum of different non-negative powers of n. For example, for n = 4 number 17 is special, because it can be written as 4^0 + 4^2 = 1 + 16 = 17, but 9 is not.
  
  Theofanis asks you to help him find the k-th special number if they are sorted in increasing order. Since this number may be too large, output it modulo 10^9+7.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases.
  
  The first and only line of each test case contains two integers n and k (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^9; 1 ≤ k ≤ 10^9).
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, print one integer — the k-th special number in increasing order modulo 10^9+7.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  3
  3 4
  2 12
  105 564
  
  
  Output
  
  
  9
  12
  3595374
  
  Note
  
  For n = 3 the sequence is [1,3,4,9...]
solution: import java.util.*;
  import java.io.*;
  
  public class B {
  
      public void prayGod() throws IOException {
          int t = nextInt();
          while (t-- > 0) {
              long n = nextLong(), k = nextLong();
              long curr = 1;
              long ret = 0;
              while (k > 0) {
                  if (k % 2 == 1)
                      ret = (ret + curr) % mod;
                  curr *= n;
                  curr %= mod;
                  k /= 2;
              }
              out.println(ret);
  
          }
      }
  
      public void printVerdict(boolean verdict) {
          if (verdict)
              out.println(VERDICT_YES);
          else
              out.println(VERDICT_NO);
      }
  
      static final String VERDICT_YES = "YES";
      static final String VERDICT_NO = "NO";
      static final boolean RUN_TIMING = true;
      static final boolean AUTOFLUSH = false;
      static final boolean FILE_INPUT = false;
      static final boolean FILE_OUTPUT = false;
  
      static int iinf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
      static long inf = (long) 1e18 + 10;
      static long mod = (long) 1e9 + 7;
  
      static char[] inputBuffer = new char[1 << 20];
      static PushbackReader in = new PushbackReader(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)), 1 << 20);
      static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out)), AUTOFLUSH);
  
      // int data-type
      public int nextInt() throws IOException {
          return Integer.parseInt(next());
      }
  
      public int[] nextIntArray(int n) throws IOException {
          int[] arr = new int[n];
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
              arr[i] = nextInt();
          return arr;
      }
  
      public void sort(int[] a) {
          shuffle(a);
          Arrays.sort(a);
      }
  
      public static void printArray(int[] arr) {
          for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
              out.print(arr[i] + " ");
          out.println();
      }
  
      // long data-type
      public long nextLong() throws IOException {
          return Long.parseLong(next());
      }
  
      public long[] nextLongArray(int n) throws IOException {
          long[] arr = new long[n];
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
              arr[i] = nextLong();
          return arr;
      }
  
      public static void printArray(long[] arr) {
          for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
              out.print(arr[i] + " ");
          out.println();
      }
  
      public void sort(long[] a) {
          shuffle(a);
          Arrays.sort(a);
      }
  
      // double data-type
      public double nextDouble() throws IOException {
          return Double.parseDouble(next());
      }
  
      public double[] nextDoubleArray(int n) throws IOException {
          double[] arr = new double[n];
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
              arr[i] = nextDouble();
          return arr;
      }
  
      public static void printArray(double[] arr) {
          for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
              out.print(arr[i] + " ");
          out.println();
      }
  
      // Generic type
      public <T> void sort(T[] a) {
          shuffle(a);
          Arrays.sort(a);
      }
  
      public static <T> void printArray(T[] arr) {
          for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
              out.print(arr[i] + " ");
          out.println();
      }
  
      public String next() throws IOException {
          int len = 0;
          int c;
          do {
              c = in.read();
          } while (Character.isWhitespace(c) && c != -1);
          if (c == -1) {
              throw new NoSuchElementException("Reached EOF");
          }
          do {
              inputBuffer[len] = (char) c;
              len++;
              c = in.read();
          } while (!Character.isWhitespace(c) && c != -1);
          while (c != '\n' && Character.isWhitespace(c) && c != -1) {
              c = in.read();
          }
          if (c != -1 && c != '\n') {
              in.unread(c);
          }
          return new String(inputBuffer, 0, len);
      }
  
      public String nextLine() throws IOException {
          int len = 0;
          int c;
          while ((c = in.read()) != '\n' && c != -1) {
              if (c == '\r') {
                  continue;
              }
              inputBuffer[len] = (char) c;
              len++;
          }
          return new String(inputBuffer, 0, len);
      }
  
      public boolean hasNext() throws IOException {
          String line = nextLine();
          if (line.isEmpty()) {
              return false;
          }
          in.unread('\n');
          in.unread(line.toCharArray());
          return true;
      }
  
      public void shuffle(int[] arr) {
          int n = arr.length;
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
              int j = (int) (Math.random() * (n - i));
              int temp = arr[i];
              arr[i] = arr[j];
              arr[j] = temp;
          }
      }
  
      public void shuffle(long[] arr) {
          int n = arr.length;
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
              int j = (int) (Math.random() * (n - i));
              long temp = arr[i];
              arr[i] = arr[j];
              arr[j] = temp;
          }
      }
  
      public void shuffle(Object[] arr) {
          int n = arr.length;
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
              int j = (int) (Math.random() * (n - i));
              Object temp = arr[i];
              arr[i] = arr[j];
              arr[j] = temp;
          }
      }
  
      public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
          if (FILE_INPUT)
              in = new PushbackReader(new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File("output.txt"))), 1 << 20);
          if (FILE_OUTPUT)
              out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(new File("output.txt")));
  
          long time = 0;
          time -= System.nanoTime();
          new B().prayGod();
          time += System.nanoTime();
  
          if (RUN_TIMING)
              System.err.printf("%.3f ms%n", time / 1000000.0);
  
          out.flush();
          in.close();
      }
  }