description: You are given an array consisting of all integers from [l, r] inclusive. For example, if l = 2 and r = 5, the array would be [2, 3, 4, 5]. What's the minimum number of elements you can delete to make the [bitwise AND](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND) of the array non-zero?
  
  A bitwise AND is a binary operation that takes two equal-length binary representations and performs the AND operation on each pair of the corresponding bits.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then t cases follow.
  
  The first line of each test case contains two integers l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the description of the array.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, output a single integer — the answer to the problem.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  5
  1 2
  2 8
  4 5
  1 5
  100000 200000
  
  
  Output
  
  
  1
  3
  0
  2
  31072
  
  Note
  
  In the first test case, the array is [1, 2]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0, as 1\ \& \ 2 = 0. However, after deleting 1 (or 2), the array becomes [2] (or [1]), and the bitwise AND becomes 2 (or 1). This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 1.
  
  In the second test case, the array is [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0. However, after deleting 4, 5, and 8, the array becomes [2, 3, 6, 7], and the bitwise AND becomes 2. This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 3. Note that there may be other ways to delete 3 elements.
solution: import java.util.*;
  import java.io.*;
  
  public class Practice {
  	static boolean multipleTC = true;
  	FastReader in;
  	PrintWriter out;
  
  	static int mod = (int) (1e9 + 7);
  	int mod2 = 998244353;
  	int parent[];
  	int rank[];
  	int cnt[][];
  
  	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  		new Practice().run();
  	}
  
  	void run() throws Exception {
  		in = new FastReader();
  		out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
  		int T = (multipleTC) ? ni() : 1;
  		pre();
  		for (int t = 1; t <= T; t++)
  			solve(t);
  		out.flush();
  		out.close();
  	}
  
  	void pre() throws Exception {
  		cnt = new int[33][1000005];
  		for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
  			for (int j = 1; j < 1000005; j++) {
  				if ((j & (1 << i)) != 0) {
  					cnt[i][j] = cnt[i][j - 1] + 1;
  				} else {
  					cnt[i][j] = cnt[i][j - 1];
  				}
  			}
  		}
  
  	}
  
  	void solve(int TC) throws Exception {
  		int l = ni();
  		int r = ni();
  		int max = 0;
  		for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
  			max = Math.max(max, cnt[i][r] - cnt[i][l-1]);
  		}
  		int ans = (r - l + 1) - max;
  		pn(ans);
  
  	}
  
  	public <E> StringBuilder printArr(E arr[]) {
  		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
  		int n = arr.length;
  		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
  			sb.append(arr[i] + " ");
  		}
  		return sb;
  	}
  
  	static int bitCount(int x) {
  		return x == 0 ? 0 : (1 + bitCount(x & (x - 1)));
  	}
  
  	static void dbg(Object... o) {
  		System.err.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
  	}
  
  	int bit(long n) {
  		return (n == 0) ? 0 : (1 + bit(n & (n - 1)));
  	}
  
  	void p(Object o) {
  		out.print(o);
  	}
  
  	void pn(Object o) {
  		out.println(o);
  	}
  
  	void pni(Object o) {
  		out.println(o);
  		out.flush();
  	}
  
  	String n() throws Exception {
  		return in.next();
  	}
  
  	String nln() throws Exception {
  		return in.nextLine();
  	}
  
  	int ni() throws Exception {
  		return Integer.parseInt(in.next());
  	}
  
  	long nl() throws Exception {
  		return Long.parseLong(in.next());
  	}
  
  	long[] readArr(int n) throws Exception {
  		long arr[] = new long[n];
  		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
  			arr[i] = nl();
  		}
  		return arr;
  	}
  
  	double nd() throws Exception {
  		return Double.parseDouble(in.next());
  	}
  
  	class FastReader {
  		BufferedReader br;
  		StringTokenizer st;
  
  		public FastReader() {
  			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
  		}
  
  		public FastReader(String s) throws Exception {
  			br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(s));
  		}
  
  		String next() throws Exception {
  			while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
  				try {
  					st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
  				} catch (IOException e) {
  					throw new Exception(e.toString());
  				}
  			}
  			return st.nextToken();
  		}
  
  		String nextLine() throws Exception {
  			String str = "";
  			try {
  				str = br.readLine();
  			} catch (IOException e) {
  				throw new Exception(e.toString());
  			}
  			return str;
  		}
  	}
  }