description: You are given an array consisting of all integers from [l, r] inclusive. For example, if l = 2 and r = 5, the array would be [2, 3, 4, 5]. What's the minimum number of elements you can delete to make the [bitwise AND](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND) of the array non-zero?
  
  A bitwise AND is a binary operation that takes two equal-length binary representations and performs the AND operation on each pair of the corresponding bits.
  
  Input
  
  The first line contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10^4) — the number of test cases. Then t cases follow.
  
  The first line of each test case contains two integers l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the description of the array.
  
  Output
  
  For each test case, output a single integer — the answer to the problem.
  
  Example
  
  Input
  
  
  5
  1 2
  2 8
  4 5
  1 5
  100000 200000
  
  
  Output
  
  
  1
  3
  0
  2
  31072
  
  Note
  
  In the first test case, the array is [1, 2]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0, as 1\ \& \ 2 = 0. However, after deleting 1 (or 2), the array becomes [2] (or [1]), and the bitwise AND becomes 2 (or 1). This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 1.
  
  In the second test case, the array is [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Currently, the bitwise AND is 0. However, after deleting 4, 5, and 8, the array becomes [2, 3, 6, 7], and the bitwise AND becomes 2. This can be proven to be the optimal, so the answer is 3. Note that there may be other ways to delete 3 elements.
solution: // 12/24/21 noon
  // package codeforce.global.r18;
  
  import java.util.*;
  import java.io.*;
  
  public class B2 {
      static PrintWriter pw;
      private final int N = (int) 2e5 + 1;
      private final int MAX_BIT = 20;
  
      void solve(int l, int r, int[][] pre) {
          int tot = r - l + 1, maxOne = 0;
          for (int i = 0; i < MAX_BIT; i++) {
              maxOne = Math.max(maxOne, pre[i][r] - pre[i][l - 1]);
          }
          int res = tot - maxOne;
          pr(res);
      }
  
      private void run() {
          // read_write_file(); // comment this before submission
          FastScanner fs = new FastScanner();
          int t = fs.nextInt();
          int[][] pre = new int[MAX_BIT][N];
          for (int i = 0; i < MAX_BIT; i++) {
              for (int x = 1; x < N; x++) {
                  // int bitOfOneJudge = x >> i & 1;
                  int bitOfOneJudge = ((x & (1 << i)) > 0) ? 1 : 0; // difference
                  pre[i][x] = pre[i][x - 1] + bitOfOneJudge;
              }
          }
          while (t-- > 0) {
              int[] a = fs.readArray(2);
              solve(a[0], a[1], pre);
          }
      }
  
      private final String INPUT = "input.txt";
      private final String OUTPUT = "output.txt";
  
      void read_write_file() {
          FileInputStream instream = null;
          PrintStream outstream = null;
          try {
              instream = new FileInputStream(INPUT);
              outstream = new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(OUTPUT));
              System.setIn(instream);
              System.setOut(outstream);
          } catch (Exception e) {
          }
      }
  
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
          new B2().run();
          pw.close();
      }
  
      void pr(int num) {
          pw.println(num);
      }
  
      void pr(long num) {
          pw.println(num);
      }
  
      void pr(double num) {
          pw.println(num);
      }
  
      void pr(String s) {
          pw.println(s);
      }
  
      void pr(char c) {
          pw.println(c);
      }
  
      class FastScanner {
          BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
          StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("");
  
          String next() {
              while (!st.hasMoreTokens())
                  try {
                      st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                  } catch (IOException e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
              return st.nextToken();
          }
  
          int nextInt() {
              return Integer.parseInt(next());
          }
  
          int[] readArray(int n) {
              int[] a = new int[n];
              for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextInt();
              return a;
          }
  
          long nextLong() {
              return Long.parseLong(next());
          }
  
          double nextDouble() {
              return Double.parseDouble(next());
          }
      }
  
      void tr(Object... o) {
          pw.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
      }
  }