You are given four positive integers n, m, a, b (1 ≤ b ≤ n ≤ 50; 1 ≤ a ≤ m ≤ 50). Find any such rectangular matrix of size n × m that satisfies all of the following conditions:

  * each row of the matrix contains exactly a ones; 
  * each column of the matrix contains exactly b ones; 
  * all other elements are zeros. 



If the desired matrix does not exist, indicate this.

For example, for n=3, m=6, a=2, b=1, there exists a matrix satisfying the conditions above:

$$$ \begin{vmatrix} 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\\ 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 \end{vmatrix} $$$

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases. Then t test cases follow.

Each test case is described by four positive integers n, m, a, b (1 ≤ b ≤ n ≤ 50; 1 ≤ a ≤ m ≤ 50), where n and m are the sizes of the matrix, and a and b are the number of ones for rows and columns, respectively.

Output

For each test case print:

  * "YES" (without quotes) and the required matrix (if there are several answers, print any) if it exists, or 
  * "NO" (without quotes) if it does not exist. 



To print the matrix n × m, print n rows, each of which consists of m numbers 0 or 1 describing a row of the matrix. Numbers must be printed without spaces.

Example

Input


5
3 6 2 1
2 2 2 1
2 2 2 2
4 4 2 2
2 1 1 2


Output


YES
010001
100100
001010
NO
YES
11
11
YES
1100
1100
0011
0011
YES
1
1
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.*;
public class Main{
    public static class InputReader {
        private InputStream stream;
        private byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        private int curChar;
        private int numChars;
        private InputReader.SpaceCharFilter filter;
        private BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
     
        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            this.stream = stream;
        }
     
        public int read() {
            if (numChars==-1)
                throw new InputMismatchException();
     
            if (curChar >= numChars) {
                curChar = 0;
                try {
                    numChars = stream.read(buf);
                }
                catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                }
     
                if(numChars <= 0)
                    return -1;
            }
            return buf[curChar++];
        }
     
        public String nextLine() {
            String str = "";
            try {
                str = br.readLine();
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return str;
        }
        public int nextInt() {
            int c = read();
     
            while(isSpaceChar(c))
                c = read();
     
            int sgn = 1;
     
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }
     
            int res = 0;
            do {
                if(c<'0'||c>'9')
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            }
            while (!isSpaceChar(c));
     
            return res * sgn;
        }
     
        public long nextLong() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = read();
            int sgn = 1;
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }
            long res = 0;
     
            do {
                if (c < '0' || c > '9')
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            }
            while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res * sgn;
        }
     
        public double nextDouble() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = read();
            int sgn = 1;
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }
            double res = 0;
            while (!isSpaceChar(c) && c != '.') {
                if (c == 'e' || c == 'E')
                    return res * Math.pow(10, nextInt());
                if (c < '0' || c > '9')
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            }
            if (c == '.') {
                c = read();
                double m = 1;
                while (!isSpaceChar(c)) {
                    if (c == 'e' || c == 'E')
                        return res * Math.pow(10, nextInt());
                    if (c < '0' || c > '9')
                        throw new InputMismatchException();
                    m /= 10;
                    res += (c - '0') * m;
                    c = read();
                }
            }
            return res * sgn;
        }
     
        public String readString() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = read();
            StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
            do {
                res.appendCodePoint(c);
                c = read();
            }
            while (!isSpaceChar(c));
     
            return res.toString();
        }
     
        public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
            if (filter != null)
                return filter.isSpaceChar(c);
            return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
        }
     
        public String next() {
            return readString();
        }
     
        public interface SpaceCharFilter {
            public boolean isSpaceChar(int ch);
        }
    }
 
    static long gcd(long a, long b){
        if (a == 0)
            return b;  
        return gcd(b % a, a);  
    }
    static long lcm(long a, long b)  {
        return (a*b)/gcd(a, b);  
    }
    public static void sortbyColumn(int arr[][], int col) 
    { 
        
        Arrays.sort(arr, new Comparator<int[]>() { 
            
          @Override              
          
          public int compare(final int[] entry1,  
                             final int[] entry2) { 
  
            
            if (entry1[col] > entry2[col]) 
                return 1; 
            else
                return -1; 
          } 
        });  
    } 
    static long func(long a[],long size,int s){
        long max1=a[s];
        long maxc=a[s];
        for(int i=s+1;i<size;i++){
            maxc=Math.max(a[i],maxc+a[i]);
            max1=Math.max(maxc,max1);
        }
        return max1;
    }
    public static class Pair<U extends Comparable<U>, V extends Comparable<V>> implements Comparable<Pair<U, V>> {
        public U x;
        public V y;
    
        public Pair(U x, V y) {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }
    
        public int hashCode() {
            return (x == null ? 0 : x.hashCode() * 31) + (y == null ? 0 : y.hashCode());
        }
    
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (this == o)
                return true;
            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass())
                return false;
            Pair<U, V> p = (Pair<U, V>) o;
            return (x == null ? p.x == null : x.equals(p.x)) && (y == null ? p.y == null : y.equals(p.y));
        }
    
        public int compareTo(Pair<U, V> b) {
            int cmpU = x.compareTo(b.x);
            return cmpU != 0 ? cmpU : y.compareTo(b.y);
        }
    
        public String toString() {
            return String.format("(%s, %s)", x.toString(), y.toString());
        }
    
    }
    //static LinkedList<Integer> li[]=new LinkedList[100001];
    static int ans1=0,ans2=0;
    static int dist[];
    static int visited[];
    //static int arr[];
    static ArrayList<Integer> adj[];
    
    public static void main(String args[]){
        InputStream inputStream = System.in;
        OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
        InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
        PrintWriter w = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
        int t,i,j;
        t=in.nextInt();
        while(t-->0){
            int n=in.nextInt();
            int m=in.nextInt();
            int a=in.nextInt();
            int b=in.nextInt();
            int y=0,c=0;
            char ch[][]=new char[n][m];
            for(i=0;i<n;i++){
                for(j=0;j<m;j++){
                    ch[i][j]='0';
                }
            }
            if(n*a!=m*b){
                w.println("NO");
            }else{
                j=0;
                w.println("YES");
                for(i=0;i<n;i++){
                    c=0;
                    while(c!=a){
                        ch[i][j]='1';
                        c++;
                        j++;
                        if(j==m){
                            j=0;
                        }
                    }
                }
                for(i=0;i<n;i++){
                    for(j=0;j<m;j++){
                        w.print(ch[i][j]);
                    }
                    w.println();
                }
            }
            
        }
        
        w.close();
    }
   
}