Iahubina is tired of so many complicated languages, so she decided to invent a new, simple language. She already made a dictionary consisting of n 3-words. A 3-word is a sequence of exactly 3 lowercase letters of the first 24 letters of the English alphabet (a to x). She decided that some of the letters are vowels, and all the others are consonants. The whole language is based on a simple rule: any word that contains at least one vowel is correct.

Iahubina forgot which letters are the vowels, and wants to find some possible correct sets of vowels. She asks Iahub questions. In each question, she will give Iahub a set of letters considered vowels (in this question). For each question she wants to know how many words of the dictionary are correct, considering the given set of vowels.

Iahubina wants to know the xor of the squared answers to all the possible questions. There are 224 different questions, they are all subsets of the set of the first 24 letters of the English alphabet. Help Iahub find that number.

Input

The first line contains one integer, n (1 ≤ n ≤ 104). Each of the next n lines contains a 3-word consisting of 3 lowercase letters. There will be no two identical 3-words.

Output

Print one number, the xor of the squared answers to the queries.

Examples

Input

5
abc
aaa
ada
bcd
def


Output

0
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#pragma GCC optimize("O3")
using namespace std;
template <class T>
using pq = priority_queue<T>;
template <class T>
using pqg = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T>>;
int scan() { return getchar(); }
template <class T>
void scan(T a) {
  cin >> a;
}
void scan(int &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(long long &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(char &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(double &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(long double &a) { cin >> a; }
void scan(char a[]) { scanf("%s", a); }
void scan(string &a) { cin >> a; }
template <class T>
void scan(vector<T> &);
template <class T, size_t size>
void scan(array<T, size> &);
template <class T, class L>
void scan(pair<T, L> &);
template <class T, size_t size>
void scan(T (&)[size]);
template <class T>
void scan(vector<T> &a) {
  for (auto &i : a) scan(i);
}
template <class T>
void scan(deque<T> &a) {
  for (auto &i : a) scan(i);
}
template <class T, size_t size>
void scan(array<T, size> &a) {
  for (auto &i : a) scan(i);
}
template <class T, class L>
void scan(pair<T, L> &p) {
  scan(p.first);
  scan(p.second);
}
template <class T, size_t size>
void scan(T (&a)[size]) {
  for (auto &i : a) scan(i);
}
template <class T>
void scan(T &a) {
  cin >> a;
}
void IN() {}
template <class Head, class... Tail>
void IN(Head &head, Tail &...tail) {
  scan(head);
  IN(tail...);
}
string stin() {
  string s;
  cin >> s;
  return s;
}
template <class T>
inline bool chmax(T &a, T b) {
  if (a < b) {
    a = b;
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}
template <class T>
inline bool chmin(T &a, T b) {
  if (a > b) {
    a = b;
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}
vector<int> iota(int n) {
  vector<int> a(n);
  iota(begin(a), end(a), 0);
  return a;
}
template <class T>
void UNIQUE(vector<T> &x) {
  sort(begin(x), end(x));
  x.erase(unique(begin(x), end(x)), x.end());
}
int in() {
  int x;
  cin >> x;
  return x;
}
long long lin() {
  unsigned long long x;
  cin >> x;
  return x;
}
void print() { putchar(' '); }
void print(bool a) { cout << a; }
void print(int a) { cout << a; }
void print(long long a) { cout << a; }
void print(char a) { cout << a; }
void print(string &a) { cout << a; }
void print(double a) { cout << a; }
template <class T>
void print(const vector<T> &);
template <class T, size_t size>
void print(const array<T, size> &);
template <class T, class L>
void print(const pair<T, L> &p);
template <class T, size_t size>
void print(const T (&)[size]);
template <class T>
void print(const vector<T> &a) {
  if (a.empty()) return;
  print(a[0]);
  for (auto i = a.begin(); ++i != a.end();) {
    cout << " ";
    print(*i);
  }
  cout << endl;
}
template <class T>
void print(const deque<T> &a) {
  if (a.empty()) return;
  print(a[0]);
  for (auto i = a.begin(); ++i != a.end();) {
    cout << " ";
    print(*i);
  }
}
template <class T, size_t size>
void print(const array<T, size> &a) {
  print(a[0]);
  for (auto i = a.begin(); ++i != a.end();) {
    cout << " ";
    print(*i);
  }
}
template <class T, class L>
void print(const pair<T, L> &p) {
  cout << '(';
  print(p.first);
  cout << ",";
  print(p.second);
  cout << ')';
}
template <class T>
void print(set<T> &x) {
  for (auto e : x) print(e), cout << " ";
  cout << endl;
}
template <class T>
void print(multiset<T> &x) {
  for (auto e : x) print(e), cout << " ";
  cout << endl;
}
template <class T, size_t size>
void print(const T (&a)[size]) {
  print(a[0]);
  for (auto i = a; ++i != end(a);) {
    cout << " ";
    print(*i);
  }
}
template <class T>
void print(const T &a) {
  cout << a;
}
int out() {
  putchar('\n');
  return 0;
}
template <class T>
int out(const T &t) {
  print(t);
  putchar('\n');
  return 0;
}
template <class Head, class... Tail>
int out(const Head &head, const Tail &...tail) {
  print(head);
  putchar(' ');
  out(tail...);
  return 0;
}
long long gcd(long long a, long long b) {
  while (b) {
    long long c = b;
    b = a % b;
    a = c;
  }
  return a;
}
long long lcm(long long a, long long b) {
  if (!a || !b) return 0;
  return a * b / gcd(a, b);
}
vector<pair<long long, long long>> factor(long long x) {
  vector<pair<long long, long long>> ans;
  for (long long i = 2; i * i <= x; i++)
    if (x % i == 0) {
      ans.push_back({i, 1});
      while ((x /= i) % i == 0) ans.back().second++;
    }
  if (x != 1) ans.push_back({x, 1});
  return ans;
}
vector<int> divisor(int x) {
  vector<int> ans;
  for (int i = 1; i * i <= x; i++)
    if (x % i == 0) {
      ans.push_back(i);
      if (i * i != x) ans.push_back(x / i);
    }
  return ans;
}
template <typename T>
void zip(vector<T> &x) {
  vector<T> y = x;
  sort(begin(y), end(y));
  for (int i = 0; i < x.size(); ++i) {
    x[i] = distance((y).begin(), lower_bound(begin(y), end(y), (x[i])));
  }
}
int popcount(long long x) { return __builtin_popcountll(x); }
mt19937 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
int rnd(int n) { return uniform_int_distribution<int>(0, n - 1)(rng); }
vector<string> YES{"NO", "YES"};
vector<string> Yes{"No", "Yes"};
vector<string> yes{"no", "yes"};
template <class... T>
void err(const T &...) {}
template <typename T>
struct edge {
  int from, to;
  T cost;
  int id;
  edge(int to, T cost) : from(-1), to(to), cost(cost) {}
  edge(int from, int to, T cost) : from(from), to(to), cost(cost) {}
  edge &operator=(const int &x) {
    to = x;
    return *this;
  }
  operator int() const { return to; }
};
template <typename T>
using Edges = vector<edge<T>>;
template <typename T>
using WeightedTree = vector<Edges<T>>;
template <typename T>
using Edges = vector<edge<T>>;
template <typename T>
using WeightedGraph = vector<Edges<T>>;
template <typename T>
using Matrix = vector<vector<T>>;
using Graph = vector<vector<int>>;
using tree = vector<vector<int>>;
tree getTree(int n, int offset = 1) {
  tree res(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
    int a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    a -= offset, b -= offset;
    res[a].emplace_back(b);
    res[b].emplace_back(a);
  }
  return res;
}
template <typename T>
WeightedTree<T> getWeightedTree(int n, int offset = 1) {
  WeightedTree<T> res(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
    int a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    a -= offset, b -= offset;
    T c;
    cin >> c;
    res[a].emplace_back(b, c);
    res[b].emplace_back(a, c);
  }
  return res;
}
Graph getGraph(int n, int m, int offset = 1) {
  Graph res(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
    int a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    a -= offset, b -= offset;
    res[a].emplace_back(b);
    res[b].emplace_back(a);
  }
  return res;
}
template <typename T>
WeightedGraph<T> getWeightedGraph(int n, int m, int offset = 1) {
  WeightedGraph<T> res(n);
  for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
    int a, b;
    cin >> a >> b;
    T c;
    cin >> c;
    res[a].emplace_back(b, c);
    res[b].emplace_back(a, c);
  }
}
struct Setup_io {
  Setup_io() {
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);
    cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
  }
} setup_io;
int main() {
  int n;
  IN(n);
  vector<short> a(1 << 24);
  for (long long i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    string s;
    IN(s);
    int x = 0;
    for (auto e : s) x |= (1 << (e - 'a'));
    x = (1 << 24) - 1 - x;
    a[x] += 1;
  }
  for (long long j = 0; j < 24; ++j) {
    for (long long i = 0; i < 1 << 24; ++i) {
      if (~i & (1 << j)) {
        a[i] += a[i | (1 << j)];
      }
    }
  }
  int ans = 0;
  for (long long i = 0; i < 1 << 24; ++i) {
    ans ^= (int)(n - a[i]) * (n - a[i]);
  }
  cout << ans << '\n';
}
