One day Mr. Takahashi picked up a dictionary containing all of the N! permutations of integers 1 through N. The dictionary has N! pages, and page i (1 ≤ i ≤ N!) contains the i-th permutation in the lexicographical order.

Mr. Takahashi wanted to look up a certain permutation of length N in this dictionary, but he forgot some part of it.

His memory of the permutation is described by a sequence P_1, P_2, ..., P_N. If P_i = 0, it means that he forgot the i-th element of the permutation; otherwise, it means that he remembered the i-th element of the permutation and it is P_i.

He decided to look up all the possible permutations in the dictionary. Compute the sum of the page numbers of the pages he has to check, modulo 10^9 + 7.

Constraints

* 1 ≤ N ≤ 500000
* 0 ≤ P_i ≤ N
* P_i ≠ P_j if i ≠ j (1 ≤ i, j ≤ N), P_i ≠ 0 and P_j ≠ 0.

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:


N
P_1 P_2 ... P_N


Output

Print the sum of the page numbers of the pages he has to check, as modulo 10^9 + 7.

Examples

Input

4
0 2 3 0


Output

23


Input

3
0 0 0


Output

21


Input

5
1 2 3 5 4


Output

2


Input

1
0


Output

1


Input

10
0 3 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 0


Output

953330050
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using Int = long long;
template<typename T1,typename T2> inline void chmin(T1 &a,T2 b){if(a>b) a=b;}
template<typename T1,typename T2> inline void chmax(T1 &a,T2 b){if(a<b) a=b;}


template<typename T,T MOD = 1000000007>
struct Mint{
  T v;
  Mint():v(0){}
  Mint(signed v):v(v){}
  Mint(long long t){v=t%MOD;if(v<0) v+=MOD;}

  Mint pow(long long k){
    Mint res(1),tmp(v);
    while(k){
      if(k&1) res*=tmp;
      tmp*=tmp;
      k>>=1;
    }
    return res;
  }
  
  static Mint add_identity(){return Mint(0);}
  static Mint mul_identity(){return Mint(1);}
  
  Mint inv(){return pow(MOD-2);}
  
  Mint& operator+=(Mint a){v+=a.v;if(v>=MOD)v-=MOD;return *this;}
  Mint& operator-=(Mint a){v+=MOD-a.v;if(v>=MOD)v-=MOD;return *this;}
  Mint& operator*=(Mint a){v=1LL*v*a.v%MOD;return *this;}
  Mint& operator/=(Mint a){return (*this)*=a.inv();}
  
  Mint operator+(Mint a) const{return Mint(v)+=a;};
  Mint operator-(Mint a) const{return Mint(v)-=a;};
  Mint operator*(Mint a) const{return Mint(v)*=a;};
  Mint operator/(Mint a) const{return Mint(v)/=a;};

  Mint operator-() const{return v?Mint(MOD-v):Mint(v);}

  bool operator==(const Mint a)const{return v==a.v;}
  bool operator!=(const Mint a)const{return v!=a.v;}
  bool operator <(const Mint a)const{return v <a.v;}

  // find x s.t. a^x = b
  static T log(Mint a,Mint b){
    const T sq=40000;
    unordered_map<T, T> dp;
    dp.reserve(sq);
    Mint res(1);
    for(int r=0;r<sq;r++){
      if(!dp.count(res.v)) dp[res.v]=r;
      res*=a;
    }
    Mint p=a.inv().pow(sq);
    res=b;
    for(int q=0;q<=MOD/sq+1;q++){
      if(dp.count(res.v)){
        T idx=q*sq+dp[res.v];
        if(idx>0) return idx;
      }
      res*=p;
    }
    assert(0);
    return T(-1);
  }
  
  static Mint comb(long long n,int k){
    Mint res(1);
    for(int i=0;i<k;i++){
      res*=Mint(n-i);
      res/=Mint(i+1);
    }
    return res;
  }
};


template<typename M>
struct Enumeration{
  static vector<M> fact,finv,invs;
  
  static void init(int n){
    int m=fact.size();
    if(n<m) return;
    
    fact.resize(n+1,1);
    finv.resize(n+1,1);
    invs.resize(n+1,1);
    
    if(m==0) m=1;
    for(int i=m;i<=n;i++) fact[i]=fact[i-1]*M(i);
    finv[n]=M(1)/fact[n];
    for(int i=n;i>=m;i--) finv[i-1]=finv[i]*M(i);
    for(int i=m;i<=n;i++) invs[i]=finv[i]*fact[i-1];
  }
  
  static M C(int n,int k){
    if(n<k||k<0) return M(0);
    init(n);
    return fact[n]*finv[n-k]*finv[k];
  }

  static M P(int n,int k){
    if(n<k||k<0) return M(0);
    init(n);
    return fact[n]*finv[n-k];
  }
  
  static M H(int n,int k){
    if(n<0||k<0) return M(0);
    if(!n&&!k) return M(1);
    init(n+k-1);
    return C(n+k-1,k);
  }

  static M S(int n,int k){
    M res;
    init(k);
    for(int i=1;i<=k;i++){
      M tmp=C(k,i)*M(i).pow(n);
      if((k-i)&1) res-=tmp;
      else res+=tmp;
    }    
    return res*=finv[k];
  }

  static vector<vector<M> > D(int n,int m){
    vector<vector<M> > dp(n+1,vector<M>(m+1,0));
    dp[0][0]=M(1);
    for(int i=0;i<=n;i++){
      for(int j=1;j<=m;j++){
        if(i-j>=0) dp[i][j]=dp[i][j-1]+dp[i-j][j];
        else dp[i][j]=dp[i][j-1];
      }
    }
    return dp;
  }

  static M B(int n,int k){
    if(n==0) return M(1);
    k=min(k,n);
    init(k);    
    vector<M> dp(k+1);
    dp[0]=M(1);
    for(int i=1;i<=k;i++)
      dp[i]=dp[i-1]+((i&1)?-finv[i]:finv[i]);    
    M res;
    for(int i=1;i<=k;i++)
      res+=M(i).pow(n)*finv[i]*dp[k-i];    
    return res;
  }

  static M montmort(int n){
    M res;
    init(n);
    for(int k=2;k<=n;k++){
      if(k&1) res-=finv[k];
      else res+=finv[k];
    }
    return res*=fact[n];
  }

  static M LagrangePolynomial(vector<M> &y,M t){
    int n=y.size()-1;    
    if(t.v<=n) return y[t.v];
    init(n+1);
    M num(1);
    for(int i=0;i<=n;i++) num*=t-M(i);
    M res;
    for(int i=0;i<=n;i++){
      M tmp=y[i]*num/(t-M(i))*finv[i]*finv[n-i];
      if((n-i)&1) res-=tmp;
      else res+=tmp;
    }
    return res;
  }
};
template<typename M>
vector<M> Enumeration<M>::fact = vector<M>();
template<typename M>
vector<M> Enumeration<M>::finv = vector<M>();
template<typename M>
vector<M> Enumeration<M>::invs = vector<M>();


struct FastIO{
  FastIO(){
    cin.tie(0);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
  }
}fastio_beet;


template<typename T> 
struct BIT{
  int n;
  vector<T> bit;
  //1-indexed
  BIT():n(-1){}
  BIT(int n_,T d):n(n_),bit(n_+1,d){}
  
  T sum(int i){
    T s=bit[0];
    for(int x=i;x>0;x-=(x&-x))
      s+=bit[x];
    return s;
  }
  void add(int i,T a){
    if(i==0) return;
    for(int x=i;x<=n;x+=(x&-x))
      bit[x]+=a;
  }
  
  T sum0(int i){
    return sum(i+1);
  }
  void add0(int i,T a){
    add(i+1,a);
  }
};

//INSERT ABOVE HERE
signed main(){
  using M = Mint<int>;
  using E = Enumeration<M>;
  E::init(6e5);

  int n;
  cin>>n;
  vector<int> a(n);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++) cin>>a[i],a[i]--;
  
  vector<int> c(n,0);
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    if(~a[i]) c[a[i]]++;

  vector<int> vs;
  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    if(!c[i]) vs.emplace_back(i);
  
  int m=vs.size();    
  M ans(0);

  M x(0),y(0);
  BIT<M> bit(n+1,M(0));
  
  for(int i=n-1;i>=0;i--){
    int l=n-i;    
    M add(0); 
    if(~a[i]){ // kotei
      // kotei
      add+=bit.sum0(a[i])*E::fact[m];
      
      // mada
      if(m){
        int k=lower_bound(vs.begin(),vs.end(),a[i])-vs.begin();      
        add+=x*M(k)*E::fact[m-1];      
        y+=M(m-k);
      }
      
      bit.add0(a[i],M(1));            
    }else{ //mada
      assert(m>=1);
      // kotei
      add+=y*E::fact[m-1];
      
      // mada
      add+=x*E::invs[2]*E::fact[m];
      
      x+=M(1);
    }
    
    //cout<<add.v<<endl;
    ans+=add*E::fact[l-1];    
  }
  
  ans+=E::fact[m];  
  cout<<ans.v<<endl;
  return 0;
}
