While in countries such as Belgium, France, The Netherlands and Spain trade unions were involved in the pension reform process, elsewhere the role of social partners has been minimal, leading to conflict.
Kui Belgias, Prantsusmaal, Madalmaades ja Hispaanias olid ametiühingud pensionireformi protsessis osalised, siis mujal oli sotsiaalpartnerite osalus minimaalne, mis omakorda tekitas vastuseisu.