When studies are based only on observations, the results should be expressed as
A. cause-and-effect relationships.
B. descriptions.
C. principles.
D. theories.
Answer:B
When studies are based only on observations, the results should be expressed as
A. cause-and-effect relationships. B. descriptions. C. principles. D. theories.
Explanation: B) When studies are based only on observations, the results must be expressed as descriptions of events. Descriptive studies rely on observational and subjective data. Correlational studies identify the relationship(s) among two or more variables for a specific group of people. Experimental studies require controlled, objective data in order to establish causal relationships.