Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine: Oral; second-line malaria treatment
Oral, IV • mixed clearance (half-life 4 h) • dosed every 12 h • divalent and trivalent cations impair oral absorption • Toxicity: Gastrointestinal upset, neurotoxicity, tendonitis
Levofloxacin: Oral, IV; L-isomer of ofloxacin; once-daily dosing; renal clearance; “respiratory” fluoroquinolone with improved activity versus pneumococcus
Moxifloxacin: Oral, IV; “respiratory” fluoroquinolone; once-daily dosing; improved activity versus anaerobes and M tuberculosis; hepatic clearance results in lower urinary levels so use in urinary tract infections is not recommended
Gemifloxacin: Oral; “respiratory” fluoroquinolone
GENERIC NAME AVAILABLE AS GENERAL-PURPOSE SULFONAMIDES Sulfadiazine Generic SULFONAMIDES FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS Mafenide Generic, Sulfamylon Silver sulfadiazine Generic, Silvadene Sulfacetamide sodium (ophthalmic)Generic TRIMETHOPRIM TrimethoprimGeneric, Proloprim, TrimpexTrimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(co-trimoxazole,TMP-SMZ)Generic, Bactrim, Septra, others GENERIC NAME AVAILABLE AS PYRIMETHAMINE Pyrimethamine Daraprim Pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine Generic, Fansidar QUINOLONES & FLUOROQUINOLONES Ciprofloxacin Generic, Cipro, Cipro I.V., Ciloxan (ophthalmic)Gemifloxacin Factive Levofloxacin Levaquin,Quixin(ophthalmic)Moxifloxacin Generic, Avelox, others Norfloxacin Noroxin Ofloxacin Generic, Floxin, Ocuflox (ophthalmic),FloxinOtic(otic)PREP AR A TIONS A V AIL ABLE
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Cohen JS: Peripheral neuropathy associated with fluoroquinolones. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:1540.
Davidson R et al: Resistance to levofloxacin and failure of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2002;346:747.
Gupta K et al: International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:103.
Keating GM, Scott LJ: Moxifloxacin: A review of its use in the management of bacterial infections. Drugs 2004;64:2347.
Mandell LA et al: Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44:S27.
Mwenya DM et al: Impact of cotrimoxazole on carriage and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in HIV-infected children in Zambia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54:3756.