Ethylene glycol: Poisoning creates toxic aldehydes and oxalate, which causes kidney damage and severe acidosis •Benzodiazepines(eg, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, lorazepam) BDZ receptor agonists that facilitate GABA-mediated activation of GABAA receptors Prevention and treatment of acute ethanol withdrawal syndrome See Chapter 22 •Thiamine(vitaminB1) Essential vitamin required for synthesis of the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate Administered to patients suspected of having alcoholism (those exhibiting acute alcohol intoxication or alcohol withdrawal syndrome) to prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome Administeredparenterally•Toxicity: None•Interactions: None DRUGS USED IN ACUTE ETHANOL WITHDRAWAL • Ethanol: Higher affinity than methanol or ethylene glycol for alcohol dehydrogenase; used to reduce metabolism of methanol and ethylene glycol to toxic products
Disulfiram Generic, Antabuse
Chlordiazepoxide HCl Generic, Librium
DRUGS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL ABUSE Acamprosate calcium Generic, Campral
Diazepam Generic, Valium
Naltrexone HCl Generic, Vivitrol, ReVia
Lorazepam Generic, Ativan
Oxazepam Generic, Serax Thiamine HCl Generic Ethanol Generic Fomepizole Generic, Antizol
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