Fig. 33.5 Anatomy of the glomerulus and juxtaglomerular apparatus. The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of the macula densa (MD) of the thick ascending limb, extraglomerular mesangial cells (EGM), and renin-and angiotensin II–producing granular cells (G) of the afferent arterioles (AA). BM, basement membrane; BS, Bowman’s space; EA, efferent arteriole; EN, endothelial cell; FP, foot processes of the podocyte; M, mesangial cells between capillaries; P, podocyte cell body (visceral cell layer); PE, parietal epithelium; PT, proximal tubule cell. (Modified from Kriz W, Kaissling B. Structural organization of the mammalian kidney. In Alpern RJ, Moe OW, Caplan M [eds]: Seldin and Giebisch’s The Kidney, 5th ed. London, Elsevier, 2013. Figure in that source based on Kriz W, Sakai T, et al. [1988]. Morphological aspects of glomerular function. In “Nephrology,” A. M. Davison, Vol. 1, Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Nephrology, 323. Bailliere Tindall, London.)