Exercise testing—patients are connected to an ECG monitor and exercised on a treadmill. Areas of ischemia, or poor blood flow, can be demonstrated, so localizing the vascular abnormality.
Nuclear medicine—thallium (a radioactive X-ray emitter) and its derivatives are potassium analogs. They are used to determine areas of coronary ischemia. If no areas of myocardial uptake are demonstrated when these substances are administered to a patient the myocardium is dead.