Simple measures to prevent the swelling include hyperventilation (which alters the intracerebral acid–base balance and decreases swelling) and intravenous corticosteroids (though their action is often delayed).
Extracerebral hematoma may be removed surgically.
The outcome of patients with head injury depends on how the secondary injury is managed. Even with a severe primary injury, patients may recover to lead a normal life.
In the clinic