While in the infra-orbital groove and canal, the infra-orbital nerve gives origin to middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves, respectively, which ultimately join the superior alveolar plexus to supply the upper teeth:
The middle superior alveolar nerve also supplies the maxillary sinus.
The anterior superior alveolar nerve also gives origin to a small nasal branch, which passes medially through the lateral wall of the nasal cavity to supply parts of the areas of the nasal floor and walls.