The fibular artery parallels the course of the tibial artery, but descends along the lateral side of the posterior compartment adjacent to the medial crest on the posterior surface of the fibula, which separates the attachments of the tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longus muscles.
The fibular artery supplies adjacent muscles and bone in the posterior compartment of the leg and also has branches that pass laterally through the intermuscular septum to supply the fibularis muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg.