The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is the first branch of the superior mesenteric artery. It divides immediately into anterior and posterior branches, which ascend on the corresponding sides of the head of the pancreas. Superiorly, these arteries anastomose with anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (see Figs. 4.125 and 4.126). This arterial network supplies the head and uncinate process of the pancreas and the duodenum.