{ "56be4db0acb8001400a502ec": " National Football Conference", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ed": " National Football Conference", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ee": " Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay", "56be4db0acb8001400a502ef": " Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference", "56be4db0acb8001400a502f0": "Super Bowl", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d1": "Super Bowl", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d2": " February 7, 2016", "56be8e613aeaaa14008c90d3": "Super Bowl", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91b9": "Super Bowl", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91ba": "Super Bowl", "56bea9923aeaaa14008c91bb": " February 7, 2016", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91df": " Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e0": " Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Carolina Panthers 24\u201310 to earn their third Super Bowl", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e1": " Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e2": "Super Bowl", "56beace93aeaaa14008c91e3": " National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fd": "2016", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94fe": " Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c94ff": " Arabic", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9500": "Super Bowl", "56bf10f43aeaaa14008c9501": " February 7, 2016", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e8": "2015", "56d20362e7d4791d009025e9": " National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference", "56d20362e7d4791d009025ea": " National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference", "56d20362e7d4791d009025eb": " Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference", "56d600e31c85041400946eae": " National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos defeated the National Football Conference", "56d600e31c85041400946eb0": " San Francisco Bay", "56d600e31c85041400946eb1": " Levi's Stadium in the San Francisco Bay", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb50e": "Super Bowl", "56d9895ddc89441400fdb510": " American football game to determine the champion of the National Football League (NFL) for the 2015 season. The American Football Conference", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f6": " Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", "56be4e1facb8001400a502f9": "49", "56be4e1facb8001400a502fa": "1995", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c2": " Super Bowl XLIX by defeating them 20\u201318 in the AFC Championship Game. They joined the Patriots, Dallas Cowboys, and Pittsburgh Steelers", "56beaa4a3aeaaa14008c91c3": " Broncos finished the regular season with a 12\u20134 record, and denied the New England Patriots", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91e9": " quarterback Cam Newton", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ea": " quarterback Cam Newton", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91eb": " quarterback Cam Newton", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ec": "49", "56bead5a3aeaaa14008c91ed": " quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9507": "12\u20134 record", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9508": " quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c9509": "12\u20134 record", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950a": "49", "56bf159b3aeaaa14008c950b": " Broncos finished the regular season with a 12\u20134 record, and denied the New England Patriots", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f3": " quarterback Cam Newton", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f4": " a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f5": "49", "56d2045de7d4791d009025f6": " a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", "56d6017d1c85041400946ebe": " Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec1": " Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", "56d6017d1c85041400946ec2": " Panthers finished the regular season with a 15\u20131 record, and quarterback Cam Newton", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52a": " quarterback Cam Newton", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52b": " Broncos finished the regular season with a 12\u20134 record, and denied the New England Patriots", "56d98a59dc89441400fdb52e": "1995", "56be4eafacb8001400a50302": " Denver", "56be4eafacb8001400a50303": " seven", "56be4eafacb8001400a50304": " Broncos took an early lead in Super Bowl 50 and never trailed. Newton", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d2": " Denver", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d3": " seven", "56beab833aeaaa14008c91d4": " Denver", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f4": " seven", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f5": " Denver", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f6": " seven", "56beae423aeaaa14008c91f7": " seven", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9511": " Denver", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9513": " sacked him seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9514": " seven times and forced him into three turnovers, including a fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56bf17653aeaaa14008c9515": " seven times and forced him into three", "56d204ade7d4791d00902603": " Denver", "56d204ade7d4791d00902604": " seven times and forced him into three", "56d601e41c85041400946ece": " seven", "56d601e41c85041400946ecf": " seven times and forced him into three", "56d601e41c85041400946ed0": " Denver", "56d601e41c85041400946ed1": " Denver", "56d601e41c85041400946ed2": " fumble which they recovered for a touchdown. Denver linebacker Von Miller", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53b": " seven", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53c": " seven times and forced him into three", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53d": " Super Bowl", "56d98b33dc89441400fdb53e": " seven times and forced him into three", "56be5333acb8001400a5030a": " Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56be5333acb8001400a5030b": " $5 million", "56be5333acb8001400a5030c": " British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56be5333acb8001400a5030d": " Bruno Mars", "56be5333acb8001400a5030e": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fd": " British rock group Coldplay", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91fe": " $5 million", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c91ff": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9200": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56beaf5e3aeaaa14008c9201": " British rock group Coldplay", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951b": " Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951c": " $5 million", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951e": " Coldplay", "56bf1ae93aeaaa14008c951f": " $5 million", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902608": " $5 million", "56d2051ce7d4791d00902609": " $5 million", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260a": " $5 million for a 30-second commercial during the game. The Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d2051ce7d4791d0090260b": " $5 million", "56d602631c85041400946ed8": " British rock group Coldplay", "56d602631c85041400946eda": " British rock group Coldplay", "56d602631c85041400946edb": " British rock group Coldplay", "56d602631c85041400946edc": " Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb544": " $5 million", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb545": " British rock group Coldplay", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb546": " Super Bowl 50 halftime show was headlined by the British rock group Coldplay with special guest performers Beyonc\u00e9 and Bruno Mars", "56d98c53dc89441400fdb548": " $5 million", "56be53b8acb8001400a50314": " NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell", "56be53b8acb8001400a50315": "50th Super Bowl", "56be53b8acb8001400a50316": "2012", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9207": " NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell", "56beafca3aeaaa14008c9208": " early 2012", "56bf42f53aeaaa14008c95a3": " Roger Goodell", "56d2053ae7d4791d00902610": " NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198250": " NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell", "56d6edd00d65d21400198251": "an important game for us as a league\".", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54e": "spectacular\"", "56d98d0adc89441400fdb54f": "2012", "56be5438acb8001400a5031a": " Sun Life Stadium", "56be5438acb8001400a5031b": " Sun Life Stadium", "56be5438acb8001400a5031c": " Sun Life Stadium", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920b": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56beb03c3aeaaa14008c920d": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9580": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9581": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56bf3c633aeaaa14008c9582": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d20564e7d4791d00902612": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium, and the San Francisco Bay Area's Levi's Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198254": " three", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198255": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198256": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198257": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d6ee6e0d65d21400198258": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb552": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb553": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56d98db6dc89441400fdb554": " New Orleans' Mercedes-Benz Superdome, Miami's Sun Life Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50322": " May 3, 2013", "56be54bdacb8001400a50323": "49", "56be54bdacb8001400a50324": " Sun Life Stadium and Levi's Stadium", "56be54bdacb8001400a50325": " May 3, 2013", "56be54bdacb8001400a50326": " October 16, 2012", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921b": "10 times (tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010. The San Francisco Bay", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921c": " May 3, 2013", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921d": " Stanford", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921e": " October 16, 2012", "56beb0f43aeaaa14008c921f": "1985", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9525": "49", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9526": "10 times", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9528": "49", "56bf21b43aeaaa14008c9529": " Life Stadium", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198260": " Stanford Stadium in Stanford", "56d6ef6a0d65d21400198262": " Levi's Stadium", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb558": " May 3, 2013", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb559": "49", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55a": "tied for most with New Orleans), with the most recent one being Super Bowl XLIV in 2010. The San Francisco Bay", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55b": " October 16, 2012", "56d98f0ddc89441400fdb55c": " San Francisco Bay Area", "56be5523acb8001400a5032c": " May 21, 2013", "56be5523acb8001400a5032d": " Levi's Stadium. The $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay Area", "56be5523acb8001400a5032e": " May 21, 2013", "56be5523acb8001400a5032f": " $1.2 billion", "56be5523acb8001400a50330": " San Francisco", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9225": " Levi's Stadium", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9226": " May 21, 2013", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9227": " $1.2 billion", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9228": " Levi's Stadium", "56beb2153aeaaa14008c9229": " San Francisco Bay", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c952f": "2014", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9530": " May 21, 2013", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9531": " $1.2 billion", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9532": "2014", "56bf23363aeaaa14008c9533": " Levi's Stadium. The $1.2 billion stadium opened in 2014. It is the first Super Bowl held in the San Francisco Bay", "56d6f0770d65d21400198268": " May 21, 2013", "56d6f0770d65d21400198269": " May 21, 2013", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826a": " May 21, 2013", "56d6f0770d65d2140019826c": " San Francisco Bay", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb562": " May 21, 2013", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb563": " May 21, 2013", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb564": " $1.2 billion", "56d98fbfdc89441400fdb565": " May 21, 2013", "56be572b3aeaaa14008c9052": " John Fox", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c922f": " six", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9230": " six", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9231": " John Fox", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9232": " Super Bowl XXXVIII", "56beb2a03aeaaa14008c9233": " John Fox", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c9539": " one loss, and one of only six", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953a": " six", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953c": " Super Bowl XXXVIII", "56bf28c73aeaaa14008c953d": " six", "56d6f1190d65d21400198272": " Panthers made their second Super Bowl appearance in franchise history, their other appearance being Super Bowl XXXVIII", "56d6f1190d65d21400198273": " eight appearances in the Super Bowl. The Broncos made their second Super Bowl appearance in three years, having reached Super Bowl XLVIII", "56d6f1190d65d21400198274": " John Fox", "56d6f1190d65d21400198275": " John Fox", "56d6f1190d65d21400198276": " six", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56c": " six", "56d99179dc89441400fdb56d": " six", "56d99179dc89441400fdb570": " John Fox", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9058": " NFL history, breaking the 13\u20130 record previously shared with the 2009 New Orleans Saints and the 2011 Green Bay Packers", "56be59683aeaaa14008c9059": " Green Bay Packers", "56be59683aeaaa14008c905a": "15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978. Carolina started the season 14", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923d": "1978", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923e": " Green Bay Packers", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c923f": "15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978. Carolina started the season 14", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9240": "15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978. Carolina started the season 14", "56beb3083aeaaa14008c9241": " Panthers clinched home-field advantage throughout the NFC playoffs for the first time in franchise history. Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9543": "1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9544": "1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9545": "1978", "56bf2afe3aeaaa14008c9547": " Pro Bowl", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827c": " New Orleans Saints and the 2011 Green Bay Packers", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827d": " New Orleans Saints and the 2011 Green Bay Packers", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827e": "1978", "56d6f2000d65d2140019827f": "15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978. Carolina started the season 14", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb576": " DeAngelo Williams", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb577": "1978", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb578": " Panthers clinched home-field advantage throughout the NFC playoffs for the first time in franchise history. Ten players were selected to the Pro Bowl", "56d9943fdc89441400fdb57a": "15 regular season games since the league expanded to a 16-game schedule in 1978. Carolina started the season 14", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9247": " seven", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9248": " six", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c9249": " six", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924a": " seven", "56beb3a03aeaaa14008c924b": " Newton", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960b": "The Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl quarterback Cam Newton", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960c": "636, while recording a career-high and league-leading 45 total touchdowns (35 passing, 10 rushing), a career-low 10 interceptions", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960d": " Panthers offense, which led the NFL in scoring (500 points), was loaded with talent, boasting six Pro Bowl selections. Pro Bowl", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960e": "636, while recording a career-high and league-leading", "56bf6b303aeaaa14008c960f": " Pro Bowl quarterback", "56d6f2960d65d21400198286": " six", "56d6f2960d65d21400198287": " Newton", "56d6f2960d65d21400198288": " seven", "56d6f2960d65d21400198289": " seven", "56d6f2960d65d2140019828a": " seven", "56d997cddc89441400fdb586": " six", "56d997cddc89441400fdb587": " six", "56d997cddc89441400fdb588": " seven", "56d997cddc89441400fdb589": "636, while recording a career-high and league-leading", "56d997cddc89441400fdb58a": " seven", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925b": " three", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925c": " three", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925d": " three", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925e": " three", "56beb4343aeaaa14008c925f": " Thomas Davis and Luke", "56d6f3500d65d21400198290": " three", "56d6f3500d65d21400198291": " Thomas Davis and Luke", "56d6f3500d65d21400198292": " three", "56d6f3500d65d21400198293": " three", "56d6f3500d65d21400198294": " Thomas Davis and Luke", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59c": " three", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59e": " Thomas Davis and Luke", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb59f": " Thomas Davis and Luke", "56d9992fdc89441400fdb5a0": " three", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9265": " John Fox", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9266": " John Fox", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9267": " John Fox", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9268": " John Fox", "56beb4e43aeaaa14008c9269": " John Fox", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954d": " four", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954e": " Kubiak, the Broncos planned to install a run-oriented offense with zone blocking to blend in with quarterback Peyton Manning", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c954f": " playoffs, the Denver Broncos underwent numerous coaching changes, including a mutual parting with head coach John Fox", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9550": " four", "56bf301c3aeaaa14008c9551": " quarterback Peyton Manning", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829a": "1998", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829b": " John Fox", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829c": " zone blocking to blend in with quarterback Peyton Manning", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829d": " four", "56d6f4030d65d2140019829e": " four", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c8": " Broncos planned to install a run-oriented offense with zone blocking to blend in with quarterback Peyton Manning", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5c9": " quarterback Peyton Manning", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5ca": " John Fox", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cb": " Broncos planned to install a run-oriented offense with zone blocking to blend in with quarterback Peyton Manning", "56d99b7bdc89441400fdb5cc": " John Fox", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c9279": "17 interceptions", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927a": " nine", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927b": " Veteran receiver Demaryius", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927c": " Veteran receiver Demaryius", "56beb57b3aeaaa14008c927d": " nine", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956b": "17 interceptions", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956c": "17 interceptions", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956d": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956e": " Veteran receiver Demaryius", "56bf38383aeaaa14008c956f": "17 interceptions", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a4": "2,249 yards and nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a5": " nine touchdowns, with 17 interceptions. In contrast, Osweiler threw for 1,967 yards, 10 touchdowns and six", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a6": " Veteran receiver Demaryius", "56d6fe0b0d65d214001982a7": " nine", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d6": "17 interceptions", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d7": " nine", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d8": "17 interceptions", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5d9": " Veteran receiver Demaryius", "56d99c44dc89441400fdb5da": "17 interceptions", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928d": "5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks, forced four", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c928e": "5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks, forced four", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9290": " Derek Wolfe", "56beb6533aeaaa14008c9291": "5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks, forced four", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9588": "296). Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c9589": "296). Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson", "56bf3e803aeaaa14008c958b": "296). Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller", "56d6fea90d65d214001982ae": " four", "56d6fea90d65d214001982af": " tackles with 109, while Danny Trevathan ranked second with 102. Cornerbacks Aqib Talib (three interceptions) and Chris Harris", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b0": " Linebacker Brandon", "56d6fea90d65d214001982b2": "5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller led the team with 11 sacks, forced four", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5fd": " Derek Wolfe", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb5ff": "296). Defensive ends Derek Wolfe and Malik Jackson each had 5\u00bd sacks. Pro Bowl linebacker Von Miller", "56d99da8dc89441400fdb600": "5\u00bd sacks", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a1": " Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a2": " Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a3": " seven", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a4": " seven", "56beb6f23aeaaa14008c92a5": "487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c9559": "487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955a": "487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", "56bf34293aeaaa14008c955b": " seven", "56d701280d65d214001982b8": " Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game", "56d701280d65d214001982ba": " Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game", "56d701280d65d214001982bc": " seven", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb616": " Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb618": "487 yards and forcing seven turnovers", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb619": " Panthers then blew out the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Championship Game", "56d99e78dc89441400fdb61a": " seven", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ab": " New England Patriots", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ac": "20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ad": " New England", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92ae": "17 seconds", "56beb7953aeaaa14008c92af": "17 seconds", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9561": " Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9562": "17 seconds", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9563": " New England", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9564": "17 seconds", "56bf36b93aeaaa14008c9565": " New England", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c2": " New England Patriots", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c3": "17 seconds", "56d7018a0d65d214001982c5": " New England Patriots", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb628": " New England Patriots", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb629": " New England Patriots", "56d99f99dc89441400fdb62c": "20\u201318, by intercepting a pass on New England's 2-point conversion attempt with 17 seconds", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b5": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b6": "11-year veteran who had already overcome three ACL tears in his career, went down with a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b7": " three", "56beb7fd3aeaaa14008c92b8": " three", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9575": " a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9576": " a broken arm in the NFC Championship Game", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9577": " three", "56bf3a223aeaaa14008c9579": " Super Bowl", "56d703d10d65d214001982d6": " three", "56d703d10d65d214001982d7": " a way to play in the Super Bowl", "56d703d10d65d214001982d8": " three", "56d9a026dc89441400fdb632": " Thomas Davis", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bd": "39", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92be": " John Elway", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92bf": " two", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c0": " Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager", "56beb86b3aeaaa14008c92c1": " John Elway", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9591": " Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9592": " John Elway", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9593": " two", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9594": " John Elway", "56bf3fd53aeaaa14008c9595": " two", "56d704430d65d214001982de": " two", "56d704430d65d214001982e0": " John Elway", "56d704430d65d214001982e1": " John Elway, who led the Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations", "56d704430d65d214001982e2": " Broncos to victory in Super Bowl XXXIII at age 38 and is currently Denver's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63e": " John Elway", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb63f": "39", "56d9a0eadc89441400fdb640": " John Elway", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c7": "1998 NFL draft, while Newton was picked first in 2011", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c8": "1998 NFL draft, while Newton was picked first in 2011", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92c9": "48 days", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92ca": "48 days", "56beb90c3aeaaa14008c92cb": " matchup also pits the top two picks of the 2011 draft against each other: Newton for Carolina and Von Miller for Denver. Manning and Newton", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959b": " matchup also pits the top two picks of the 2011 draft against each other: Newton for Carolina and Von Miller for Denver. Manning and Newton", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959c": " Newton for Carolina and Von Miller", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959d": "48 days", "56bf41013aeaaa14008c959e": " Newton for Carolina and Von Miller", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fc": " Newton for Carolina and Von Miller", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fd": " Newton for Carolina and Von Miller", "56d7096b0d65d214001982fe": " matchup also pits the top two picks of the 2011 draft against each other: Newton for Carolina and Von Miller for Denver. Manning and Newton", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb647": "2011", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb648": "48 days", "56d9a199dc89441400fdb649": "39, Newton was 26).", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92db": " Super Bowl", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dc": " Chicago Bears", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92dd": " Chicago Bears", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92de": " Kubiak", "56beb97c3aeaaa14008c92df": " Chicago Bears", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9615": " Chicago Bears", "56bf6c3e3aeaaa14008c9617": " Chicago Bears", "56d709ef0d65d21400198306": " Kubiak", "56d709ef0d65d21400198307": " Chicago Bears", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e5": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e6": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e7": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e8": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56beba103aeaaa14008c92e9": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a5": " Justin Tucker", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a6": " various issues, and during a week 6 game earlier in the 2015 season, a portion of the turf collapsed under Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56bf467d3aeaaa14008c95a7": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56d70adc0d65d21400198311": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56d70adc0d65d21400198312": " change their cleats", "56d70adc0d65d21400198313": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56d70adc0d65d21400198314": " change their cleats", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb678": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56d9a419dc89441400fdb679": " Baltimore Ravens kicker Justin Tucker", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92f9": " Elway", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fa": " Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fb": " Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fc": " Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys", "56bebad93aeaaa14008c92fd": " Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ab": " Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ac": " Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95ae": " Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys", "56bf48cc3aeaaa14008c95af": " Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831d": " their road white jerseys", "56d70ccc0d65d2140019831f": " Elway", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb697": " Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white pants. Elway stated, \"We've had Super Bowl success in our white uniforms.\"", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb698": " Broncos elected to wear their road white jerseys with matching white", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb699": " Broncos elected to wear their road white", "56d9a637dc89441400fdb69a": " white as the designated home team in the Super Bowl was the Pittsburgh Steelers", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9303": " Stanford University", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9304": " Stanford University", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9305": " Stanford University", "56bebb293aeaaa14008c9306": " Stanford University", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b5": " San Jose State practice facility", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b6": " Broncos practiced at Stanford", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b7": " Stanford", "56bf49993aeaaa14008c95b8": " Stanford", "56d70d240d65d21400198326": " Stanford", "56d70d240d65d21400198327": " San Jose State", "56d70d240d65d21400198328": " Stanford", "56d70d240d65d21400198329": " San Jose State practice facility and stayed at the San Jose Marriott", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a0": " Stanford", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a1": " Stanford", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a2": " Stanford", "56d9a6b4dc89441400fdb6a3": " Stanford", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9315": " June 4, 2014", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9316": " Arabic", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9317": " Jaime Weston", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9318": " Arabic", "56bebbbf3aeaaa14008c9319": " Jaime Weston", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95bd": "2014", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95be": " Jaime Weston", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c0": " Arabic", "56bf4e1b3aeaaa14008c95c1": " Arabic", "56d70daa0d65d21400198332": " June 4, 2014", "56d70daa0d65d21400198333": " Arabic", "56d70daa0d65d21400198334": " Arabic", "56d70daa0d65d21400198335": " Arabic", "56d70daa0d65d21400198336": " June 4, 2014", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6a8": " Arabic", "56d9a7addc89441400fdb6ab": " Arabic", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c931f": "Golden Super Bowl", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9320": "2015", "56bebc383aeaaa14008c9321": "50-yard line on fields was colored gold", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c7": "Golden Super Bowl", "56bf52483aeaaa14008c95c8": "Golden Super Bowl", "56d70e570d65d2140019833c": "50-yard line on fields was colored gold", "56d70e570d65d2140019833e": "50-yard line on fields was colored gold", "56d70e570d65d2140019833f": " Super Bowl", "56d9b01fdc89441400fdb6d4": "50-yard line on fields was colored gold", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9325": " San Francisco", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9326": " San Francisco", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9327": " San Francisco mayor Ed Lee said of the highly visible homeless presence in this area \"they are going to have to leave\". San Francisco city supervisor", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9328": " San Francisco mayor Ed Lee said of the highly visible homeless presence in this area \"they are going to have to leave\". San Francisco city supervisor", "56bebcbe3aeaaa14008c9329": " January 30", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cb": " More than 1 million", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cc": " San Francisco city supervisor", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95cd": " San Francisco city supervisor", "56bf53e73aeaaa14008c95ce": " San Francisco city supervisor", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834c": " San Francisco", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834d": "Super Bowl City", "56d7145c0d65d2140019834f": " San Francisco mayor Ed Lee said of the highly visible homeless presence in this area \"they are going to have to leave\". San Francisco city supervisor", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ec": " San Francisco city supervisor", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ed": " More than 1 million", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ee": " San Francisco city supervisor", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6ef": " $5 million", "56d9b389dc89441400fdb6f0": " $5 million", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c932f": " Santa Clara University", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9330": " $2 million worth", "56bebd713aeaaa14008c9331": " $2 million worth", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d3": " $2 million worth", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d4": " $2 million worth of other ancillary events, including a week-long event at the Santa Clara Convention Center", "56bf555e3aeaaa14008c95d5": " Santa Clara Convention Center", "56d714cd0d65d21400198356": " Santa Clara University", "56d714cd0d65d21400198358": " the city council", "56d714cd0d65d21400198359": " the city council", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb700": " $2 million", "56d9b43edc89441400fdb701": " the city council", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9335": " February 1, 2016", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9336": " February 1, 2016", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9337": " Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9338": " February 1, 2016 at SAP Center", "56bebde53aeaaa14008c9339": " Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95d9": " February", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95da": " February 1, 2016", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95db": " Super Bowl", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dc": " Super Bowl Opening Night", "56bf57043aeaaa14008c95dd": " San Jose. Alongside the traditional media availabilities, the event featured an opening ceremony with player introductions on a replica of the Golden Gate Bridge", "56d71bd80d65d2140019835e": " February 1, 2016", "56d71bd80d65d21400198360": " Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d71bd80d65d21400198361": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016 at SAP Center", "56d71bd80d65d21400198362": " Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb708": " February 1, 2016", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb709": " February 1, 2016", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70a": " Monday evening and re-branded as Super Bowl Opening Night. The event was held on February 1, 2016 at SAP Center", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70b": " Super Bowl Opening Night", "56d9b4ebdc89441400fdb70c": " February 1, 2016", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c933f": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9340": " $40 million", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9341": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9342": " Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl. The host committee has already raised over $40 million", "56bebe873aeaaa14008c9343": " Super Bowl program that provides local companies with contracting opportunities in and around the Super Bowl. The host committee has already raised over $40 million", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e3": " Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e4": " $40 million", "56bf59523aeaaa14008c95e5": " $40 million", "56d71cb60d65d21400198368": " Apple, Google, Yahoo!, Intel, Gap, Chevron, and Dignity", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb720": " Super Bowl 50 Host Committee", "56d9b5ffdc89441400fdb721": " $40 million", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c9349": "25 percent", "56bebec43aeaaa14008c934a": " Super Bowl", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95e9": "50 Host Committee has vowed to be \"the most giving Super Bowl ever\", and will dedicate 25 percent", "56bf5abc3aeaaa14008c95ea": "the most giving Super Bowl", "56d71d150d65d2140019836e": "the most giving Super Bowl ever\", and will dedicate 25 percent of all money it raises for philanthropic causes", "56d71d150d65d2140019836f": "25", "56d71d150d65d21400198370": " Super Bowl", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb72f": "25 percent", "56d9b6a3dc89441400fdb730": "the most giving Super Bowl", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934d": " Super Bowl", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934e": "66", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c934f": " Super Bowl", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9350": " Super Bowl", "56bec0353aeaaa14008c9351": " Super Bowl", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ed": " Super Bowl", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95ef": " Super Bowl", "56bf5b933aeaaa14008c95f1": " Super Bowl", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198374": " Super Bowl", "56d71d9d0d65d21400198377": " Super Bowl", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9357": " sidelines. CBS introduced new features during the telecast", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9358": " Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c9359": " Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935a": "36", "56bec0dd3aeaaa14008c935b": " Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f7": "36", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f8": " Super Bowl XXXV", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95f9": " Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fa": " Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", "56bf5e7b3aeaaa14008c95fb": " Super Bowl XXXV", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837c": " Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson", "56d71ed50d65d2140019837d": " three", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb740": " Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb741": " Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb742": " Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb743": " Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", "56d9b7dcdc89441400fdb744": " Jim Nantz and Phil Simms called the contest, with Tracy Wolfson and Evan Washburn", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9361": " ESPN Deport", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9362": " ESPN Deportes", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9363": " ESPN Deportes", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9364": " December 28, 2015", "56bec1823aeaaa14008c9365": " CBS's second", "56bf6d343aeaaa14008c961b": " ESPN Deport", "56d71fc00d65d21400198386": " ESPN Deportes", "56d71fc00d65d21400198389": " ESPN Deportes", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb754": " CBS and the NFL to be the exclusive Spanish", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb757": " ESPN Deportes", "56d9ba95dc89441400fdb758": " ESPN Deportes", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9371": " Verizon Wireless customers via the NFL Mobile service. The ESPN Deportes Spanish", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9372": " smartphones", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9373": " ESPN Deportes Spanish", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9374": " smartphones", "56bec2013aeaaa14008c9375": " ESPN Deportes Spanish", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c961f": " ESPN Deportes Spanish", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9620": " ESPN Deportes Spanish", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9621": " ESPN Deportes Spanish", "56bf6e7a3aeaaa14008c9622": " Verizon Wireless customers via the NFL Mobile service. The ESPN Deportes Spanish", "56d7205e0d65d21400198391": " ESPN Deportes Spanish", "56d7205e0d65d21400198392": " ESPN Deportes Spanish", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75e": " Verizon Wireless customers via the NFL Mobile service. The ESPN Deportes Spanish", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb75f": " ESPN Deportes Spanish", "56d9bc13dc89441400fdb760": " tablets, Windows 10, Xbox One and other digital media players (such as Chromecast and Roku). Due to Verizon Communications", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937b": " James Corden", "56bec2573aeaaa14008c937c": " James Corden", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9631": " James Corden", "56bf6f743aeaaa14008c9632": " James Corden", "56d720c70d65d21400198396": " Super Bowl", "56d720c70d65d21400198397": " James Corden", "56d720c70d65d21400198398": " James Corden", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c9389": " $5,000", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938a": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938b": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56bec3153aeaaa14008c938c": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9635": " $5,000", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9637": " Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9638": " Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56bf717d3aeaaa14008c9639": " Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56d721af0d65d2140019839e": "CBS", "56d721af0d65d2140019839f": " Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56d721af0d65d214001983a0": " Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb768": " Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb769": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56d9bdc1dc89441400fdb76a": " Nintendo and The Pok\u00e9mon Company", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9397": "Small Business Big Game", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9398": "QuickBooks sponsored a \"Small Business Big Game", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c9399": "30", "56bec38b3aeaaa14008c939a": " nine", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c963f": "QuickBooks", "56bf71e73aeaaa14008c9640": " nine", "56d722330d65d214001983a6": "Quick", "56d722330d65d214001983a7": " Wish", "56d722330d65d214001983a8": " nine", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb770": "QuickBooks sponsored a \"Small Business Big Game", "56d9be16dc89441400fdb771": "QuickBooks", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93a9": " Apocalypse, Independence Day", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93aa": " Apocalypse, Independence Day", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ab": " Walt Disney Studios", "56bec4343aeaaa14008c93ac": " Apocalypse, Independence Day", "56d723560d65d214001983ac": " Apocalypse, Independence Day", "56d723560d65d214001983ad": " Civil War, The Jungle Book and Alice Through the Looking Glass", "56d723560d65d214001983ae": " Super Bowl. Fox paid for Deadpool, X-Men: Apocalypse, Independence Day: Resurgence and Eddie the Eagle, Lionsgate paid for Gods of Egypt", "56d723560d65d214001983af": " Civil War, The Jungle Book and Alice Through the Looking Glass", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77b": " Apocalypse, Independence Day", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77c": " Apocalypse, Independence Day", "56d9bf70dc89441400fdb77d": " Apocalypse, Independence Day", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b1": " Jim Gray", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b2": " Kevin Harlan", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b3": " Kevin Harlan", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b4": " Kevin Harlan", "56bec4a33aeaaa14008c93b5": " Kevin Harlan", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9655": "West", "56bf738b3aeaaa14008c9656": " Kevin Harlan", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b4": " Kevin Harlan", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b5": " Kevin Harlan", "56d723ad0d65d214001983b8": " Kevin Harlan", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78e": " Kevin Harlan", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb78f": " Kevin Harlan", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb790": " Kevin Harlan", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb791": " Kevin Harlan", "56d9c049dc89441400fdb792": " Kevin Harlan", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93cf": "850 AM) and KRFX", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d0": " Mick Mixon", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d1": "850 AM) and KR", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d2": " Chester, South Carolina", "56bec5233aeaaa14008c93d3": " Mick Mixon", "56d724620d65d214001983be": " Mick Mixon", "56d724620d65d214001983bf": " Mick Mixon", "56d724620d65d214001983c0": " Mick Mixon", "56d724620d65d214001983c1": " Mick Mixon", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a0": " Mick Mixon on play-by-play and Eugene Robinson and Jim Szoke", "56d9c203dc89441400fdb7a3": " Mick Mixon on play-by-play and Eugene Robinson and Jim Szoke", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e3": " BBC will carry its own British English broadcast, with Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e4": " Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher", "56bec5ff3aeaaa14008c93e5": " Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c8": " BBC will carry its own British English broadcast, with Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher", "56d724ea0d65d214001983c9": " Greg Brady, Darren Fletcher", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93e9": " Bart Starr", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ea": " Bart Starr", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93eb": " Bart Starr", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ec": "2001", "56bec6573aeaaa14008c93ed": " Bart Starr", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cc": "39 of the 43", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cd": " Harvey Martin, co-MVP of Super Bowl XII", "56d7251d0d65d214001983cf": " Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b4": "39 of the 43", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b5": "39 of the 43", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b6": " Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b7": " Bart Starr", "56d9c3a6dc89441400fdb7b8": " Bart Starr", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fd": "Six", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93fe": " Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c93ff": " Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9400": " Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin provided American Sign Language", "56bec6ac3aeaaa14008c9401": " Marlee Matlin", "56d20650e7d4791d00902614": " Academy Award winner Marlee Matlin", "56d20650e7d4791d00902615": " American Sign Language", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d4": " Marlee Matlin", "56d7253b0d65d214001983d5": " American Sign Language", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c4": " Marlee Matlin", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c5": "Six", "56d9c455dc89441400fdb7c6": " Marlee Matlin", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940d": " November 2015", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940e": " British rock group Coldplay", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c940f": " halftime show. On December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9410": " Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson", "56bec7353aeaaa14008c9411": " halftime show. On December 3, the league confirmed that the show would be headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d725790d65d214001983d8": " British rock group Coldplay", "56d725790d65d214001983da": " Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson", "56d725790d65d214001983db": "Hymn for the Weekend\", would be making an appearance. Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d0": " British rock group Coldplay", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d1": " headlined by the British rock group Coldplay", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d2": " Associated Press", "56d9c551dc89441400fdb7d3": " Bruno Mars, who headlined the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show, and Mark Ronson", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9417": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9418": " Peyton Manning", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c9419": " Peyton Manning", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941a": " Peyton Manning", "56bec7a63aeaaa14008c941b": " Peyton Manning", "56d728a10d65d21400198413": "20 yards to the Panthers 14-yard line, but Carolina's defense dug in over the next three", "56d728a10d65d21400198414": " Peyton Manning", "56d728a10d65d21400198415": " Peyton Manning", "56d728a10d65d21400198416": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d8": " Peyton Manning", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7d9": " Peyton Manning", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7da": "Denver took the opening kickoff and started out strong with Peyton Manning", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7db": " Peyton Manning", "56d9c5e7dc89441400fdb7dc": " Peyton Manning", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942b": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942c": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942d": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942e": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", "56bec8243aeaaa14008c942f": "15-yard line, linebacker Von Miller", "56d728e00d65d2140019841c": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", "56d728e00d65d2140019841d": " ball out of Newton's hands while sacking him, and Malik Jackson", "56d728e00d65d2140019841e": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", "56d728e00d65d2140019841f": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", "56d728e00d65d21400198420": "1993", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e7": " linebacker Von Miller", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e8": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7e9": " Panthers quarterback Cam Newton", "56d9c660dc89441400fdb7ea": "1993", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9435": " Broncos receiver Jordan Norwood", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9436": " Jonathan Stewart", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9437": "51 yards and rushed twice", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9438": "51 yards and rushed twice", "56bec8a13aeaaa14008c9439": "73-yard scoring drive. Newton completed 4 of 4 passes for 51 yards and rushed twice", "56d729180d65d21400198426": "51 yards and rushed twice", "56d729180d65d21400198427": " Jonathan Stewart", "56d729180d65d21400198428": "4 of 4 passes for 51 yards and rushed twice", "56d729180d65d21400198429": " Brad Nortman", "56d729180d65d2140019842a": "73", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f0": " Jonathan Stewart", "56d9c6e0dc89441400fdb7f4": " Brad Nortman", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9445": " DeMarcus", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9446": " fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9447": " Panthers soon took the ball back when defensive end Kony Ealy tipped", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9448": " DeMarcus", "56bec9133aeaaa14008c9449": " Darian Stewart", "56d729ec0d65d21400198430": " DeMarcus", "56d729ec0d65d21400198431": " DeMarcus", "56d729ec0d65d21400198432": "11 seconds", "56d729ec0d65d21400198434": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb804": " Panthers soon took the ball back when defensive end Kony Ealy tipped", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb805": " DeMarcus", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb806": " DeMarcus", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb807": "11 seconds", "56d9c79edc89441400fdb808": " Mike Tolbert lost a fumble while being tackled by safety Darian Stewart", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9455": " Graham Gano", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9456": " Graham Gano", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9457": "35", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9458": " Ted Ginn Jr", "56bec98e3aeaaa14008c9459": " Graham Gano", "56d7282f0d65d21400198408": " Newton completing a 42-yard pass to Corey Brown", "56d7282f0d65d21400198409": " Corey Brown. But once again they came up empty, this time as a result of a Newton pass", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840a": " J. Ward", "56d7282f0d65d2140019840c": " Graham Gano", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80e": " Ted Ginn Jr", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb80f": " Corey Brown", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb810": " Graham Gano", "56d9c92bdc89441400fdb811": " Graham Gano", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c945f": " Devin Funchess", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9460": "39", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9461": " Devin Funchess", "56bec9e83aeaaa14008c9462": " Devin Funchess", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e0": " winding", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e1": " Devin Funchess", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e2": " fourth", "56d7261e0d65d214001983e4": " Manning", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb820": " Broncos drove to the Panthers 41-yard line. On the next play, Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb821": " Broncos drove to the Panthers 41-yard line. On the next play, Ealy knocked the ball out of Manning", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb822": "39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310. The next three", "56d9ca0adc89441400fdb823": "39-yard field goal, cutting the Panthers deficit to one score at 16\u201310. The next three", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946d": " cornerback Josh Norman gave the Broncos a new set of downs. Then Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946e": " Ward", "56beca913aeaaa14008c946f": " Bennie Fowler", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9470": " Bennie Fowler", "56beca913aeaaa14008c9471": " Ward", "56d726b60d65d214001983ea": " Ward", "56d726b60d65d214001983eb": " Ward", "56d726b60d65d214001983ec": " Broncos a new set of downs. Then Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ed": " Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d726b60d65d214001983ee": " two more drives", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb832": " Miller stripped the ball away from Newton", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb833": " Miller stripped the ball away from Newton", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb834": " Broncos a new set of downs. Then Anderson scored on a 2-yard touchdown run and Manning completed a pass to Bennie Fowler", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb835": " five", "56d9cb47dc89441400fdb836": " Miller stripped the ball away from Newton", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9481": " six receptions for 83", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9482": " six receptions for 83", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9483": " six receptions for 83", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9484": "90 yards", "56becaf93aeaaa14008c9485": " six receptions for 83", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f4": " four receptions for 74", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f5": " four receptions for 74", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f6": " Charles Johnson", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f7": " Charles Johnson", "56d7270c0d65d214001983f8": " tackles, three sacks, a forced fumble, a fumble recovery, and an interception. Defensive End Charles Johnson", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb842": " Defensive End Charles Johnson", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb843": " Defensive End Charles Johnson", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb844": " six receptions for 83", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb845": " six receptions for 83", "56d9ccacdc89441400fdb846": " six receptions for 83", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948b": " seven", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948c": " seven", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948d": " Baltimore Ravens", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948e": " Baltimore Ravens", "56becb823aeaaa14008c948f": " Baltimore Ravens", "56d7277c0d65d214001983fe": " seven", "56d7277c0d65d214001983ff": " seven", "56d7277c0d65d21400198401": " John Taylor", "56d7277c0d65d21400198402": " totals ever by a Super Bowl winning team. The previous record was 244 yards by the Baltimore Ravens", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84c": " seven", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84d": " seven", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84e": " Baltimore Ravens", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb84f": " Baltimore Ravens", "56d9cd9adc89441400fdb850": " seven", "5733a5f54776f41900660f45": " W\u0142adys\u0142aw Szpilman", "5733a5f54776f41900660f48": "1745", "5733a5f54776f41900660f44": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska-Curie", "5733a5f54776f41900660f46": " Maria Sk\u0142odowska", "5733a5f54776f41900660f47": "60 km (37 mi) from Warsaw, he moved to the city with his family when he was seven months", "57336755d058e614000b5a3d": "76", "57336755d058e614000b5a3f": "ocks and pheasants, which can be seen here walking around freely, and royal carps in the pond. The Wilan\u00f3w Palace Park", "57336755d058e614000b5a3c": " Palace, is the two-level garden with a terrace facing the pond. The park around the Kr\u00f3likarnia Palace", "57336755d058e614000b5a3e": " Monument of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising is also situated here. The \u0141azienki Park", "57336755d058e614000b5a40": " Krasi\u0144ski Palace Garden", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbb": "15 kilometres (9 miles)", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbc": " otter, beaver and hundreds of bird species. There are also several lakes in Warsaw \u2013 mainly the oxbow lakes", "57337ddc4776f41900660bba": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbd": "13", "57337ddc4776f41900660bbe": " emptied before winter", "57337ea24776f41900660bd0": " Poland, with significant numbers of foreign-born inhabitants. In addition to the Polish majority, there was a significant Jewish minority", "57337ea24776f41900660bd3": "219,000", "57337ea24776f41900660bd2": "219,000 (around 34%", "57337ea24776f41900660bd1": " Polish majority, there was a significant Jewish minority", "57337ea24776f41900660bd4": " Polish majority, there was a significant Jewish minority", "57339555d058e614000b5df4": "2,000 professors. Other institutions for higher education include the Medical University of Warsaw", "57339555d058e614000b5df5": "2,000", "57339555d058e614000b5df6": " Medical University of Warsaw", "57339555d058e614000b5df3": "1816", "57339555d058e614000b5df7": " University of Warsaw", "57339902d058e614000b5e70": "15 December 1999", "57339902d058e614000b5e71": " over two million", "57339902d058e614000b5e72": " Marek Budzy\u0144ski and Zbigniew Badowski", "57339902d058e614000b5e73": " Zbigniew Badowski", "57339902d058e614000b5e74": " over two million", "573399b54776f41900660e64": " mentioning that the initial Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", "573399b54776f41900660e65": " mentioning that the initial Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", "573399b54776f41900660e66": " an Eastern Bloc economy \u2013 though it is worth mentioning that the initial Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", "573399b54776f41900660e67": " Eastern Bloc economy \u2013 though it is worth mentioning that the initial Three-Year Plan to rebuild Poland", "57339a554776f41900660e74": " Poland and East-Central Europe", "57339a554776f41900660e75": " Warsaw has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe. The city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e76": " Warsaw has some of the best medical facilities in Poland and East-Central Europe. The city is home to the Children's Memorial Health Institute", "57339a554776f41900660e77": "700", "57339a554776f41900660e78": " Warsaw", "57339ad74776f41900660e86": "Thanks to numerous musical venues, including the Teatr Wielki", "57339ad74776f41900660e87": " Teatr Wielki", "57339ad74776f41900660e88": " Palace", "57339ad74776f41900660e89": " Palace", "57339ad74776f41900660e8a": " International Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin Piano Competition", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec5": "Nearby", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec6": " Ogr\u00f3d Saski (the Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec7": "Polish monumental theatre\". From the mid-1930s, the Great Theatre", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec8": "Nearby, in Ogr\u00f3d Saski (the Saxon Garden), the Summer Theatre", "57339c16d058e614000b5ec9": "Polish monumental theatre", "57339dd94776f41900660ecc": " festival traces its roots to a peaceful pagan ritual", "57339dd94776f41900660ecd": " thousands", "57339dd94776f41900660ece": "19th century", "57339dd94776f41900660ecf": " peaceful pagan ritual", "57339dd94776f41900660ed0": " Wianki", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef6": " Museum of Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef7": "60", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef8": " Posters boasting one of the largest collections of art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5ef9": " art posters", "57339eb9d058e614000b5efa": " the world's first Museum of Posters", "5733a1854776f41900660f0a": " Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0b": " Poland", "5733a1854776f41900660f0c": " Poland can be found in the Warsaw Uprising Museum and in the Katy\u0144 Museum which preserves the memory of the crime. The Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0d": " Warsaw Uprising Museum", "5733a1854776f41900660f0e": "60", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f28": " realizes about 500 projects a year. Zach\u0119ta National Gallery", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f29": "17", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2a": " Centre", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2b": " Polish and international artists and promotes art in many other ways. Since 2011 Warsaw Gallery", "5733a2a9d058e614000b5f2c": "17th century", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f32": " Ekstraklasa", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f33": "1946", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f34": " twice", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f35": " Konwiktorska", "5733a32bd058e614000b5f36": " their disastrous financial situation", "5733a45d4776f41900660f23": " Warsaw", "5733a45d4776f41900660f24": " Warsaw", "5733a45d4776f41900660f25": "1390", "5733a45d4776f41900660f26": " mid-14th century", "5733a45d4776f41900660f27": " female upper body and holding a sword in its claws. In 1653 the poet Zygmunt Laukowski", "5733a560d058e614000b5f77": " Copenhagen. The second mermaid reached the mouth of the Vistula River", "5733a560d058e614000b5f78": " Copenhagen", "5733a560d058e614000b5f79": " Denmark", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7a": " Copenhagen. The second mermaid reached the mouth of the Vistula River", "5733a560d058e614000b5f7b": " Copenhagen", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f58": " Warsaw. She was born Maria G\u00f3rska in Warsaw", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f59": "1916", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5a": " Art Deco style", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5b": "Tamara de Lempicka was a famous artist born in Warsaw. She was born Maria G\u00f3rska", "5733a6ac4776f41900660f5c": " Tadeusz \u0141", "573312fcd058e614000b56e6": " FMCG manufacturing", "573312fcd058e614000b56e7": "2012", "573312fcd058e614000b56e8": " Warsaw", "573312fcd058e614000b56e9": "Eastern Europe", "573312fcd058e614000b56ea": "Eastern Europe", "5733140a4776f419006606e0": "1939, the massacre of the Jewish population and deportations to concentration camps led to the uprising in the Warsaw ghetto in 1943", "5733140a4776f419006606e1": " King Sigism", "5733140a4776f419006606e2": "1795", "5733140a4776f419006606e3": " King Sigismund III", "5733140a4776f419006606e4": " because it has survived many wars", "573314e3d058e614000b56f0": " Polish Academy of Sciences and the University of Warsaw, two opera houses, theatres, museums, libraries and monuments. The historic city-centre of Warsaw", "573314e3d058e614000b56f1": " Castle Square with the Royal Castle", "573314e3d058e614000b56f2": " Polish Academy of Sciences and the University of Warsaw, two opera houses, theatres, museums, libraries and monuments. The historic city-centre of Warsaw", "573314e3d058e614000b56f3": " Roman Catholic archdiocese (left bank of the Vistula", "573314e3d058e614000b56f4": "The city is the seat of a Roman Catholic archdi", "57332442d058e614000b5720": "Warsaw's name in the Polish language is Warszawa", "57332442d058e614000b5721": "belonging to Warsz\", Warsz being a shortened form of the masculine name of Slavic origin War", "57332442d058e614000b5722": "asto sto\u0142eczne", "57332442d058e614000b5723": "belonging to Warsz\", Warsz being a shortened form of the masculine name of Slavic origin War", "57332442d058e614000b5724": "Warsaw's name in the Polish language is Warszawa", "57332562d058e614000b5730": " Warszowa", "57332562d058e614000b5731": " Jazd\u00f3w", "57332562d058e614000b5732": "1526", "57332562d058e614000b5733": "1526", "57332562d058e614000b5734": "1526", "5733266d4776f41900660712": " King Sigismund III", "5733266d4776f41900660713": "1529", "5733266d4776f41900660714": " suburbs", "5733266d4776f41900660715": " to the Warsaw Confederation", "5733266d4776f41900660716": "1529", "57332a734776f41900660726": "1806, Warsaw was made the capital of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw. Following the Congress of Vienna of 1815, Warsaw", "57332a734776f41900660727": "Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660728": "Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia", "57332a734776f41900660729": "1796", "57332a734776f4190066072a": "1796", "57332b66d058e614000b5758": "4 August 1915 until November 1918. The Allied Armistice terms required in Article 12 that Germany", "57332b66d058e614000b5759": " Warsaw on 11 November and set up what became the Second Polish Republic", "57332b66d058e614000b575a": " Germany", "57332b66d058e614000b575b": " November 1918", "57332b66d058e614000b575c": " Second Polish Republic", "57332c1e4776f4190066073a": "1 September 1939", "57332c1e4776f4190066073b": " General Government", "57332c1e4776f4190066073c": "30%", "57332c1e4776f4190066073d": "19 April 1943", "57332c1e4776f4190066073e": "30%", "57332e48d058e614000b5762": " underground Home Army", "57332e48d058e614000b5763": " to PoW camps", "57332e48d058e614000b5764": "1 August 1944", "57332e48d058e614000b5765": "48", "57332e48d058e614000b5766": " underground Home Army", "57332f81d058e614000b5776": " Poland", "57332f81d058e614000b5777": " Communist regime set up by the conquering Soviets, the \"Bricks for Warsaw", "57332f81d058e614000b5778": " Poland and the country's centre of political and economic life", "57332f81d058e614000b5779": " Palace of Culture and Science, a gift from the Soviet Union", "57332f81d058e614000b577a": " Communist regime set up by the conquering Soviets, the \"Bricks for Warsaw", "573330444776f41900660758": "John Paul II", "573330444776f41900660759": "renew the face\" of Poland: Let Thy Spirit", "573330444776f4190066075a": " less than a year", "573330444776f4190066075b": " Victory Square in Warsaw", "573330444776f4190066075c": "renew the face\" of Poland: Let Thy Spirit", "5733314e4776f4190066076a": "300", "5733314e4776f4190066076b": "300", "5733314e4776f4190066076c": "Redutowa", "5733314e4776f4190066076d": "300 km", "5733314e4776f4190066076e": " east-central Poland", "57335c20d058e614000b58f9": " two", "57335c20d058e614000b58fa": "Warsaw is located on two main geomorphologic formations: the plain moraine plateau", "57335c20d058e614000b58fc": " Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fb": " Vistula River", "57335c20d058e614000b58fd": " Warsaw Escarpment", "57335ddbd058e614000b592f": " Vistula terraces is asymmetrical. The left side consist mainly of two levels: the highest one contains former flooded terraces", "57335ddbd058e614000b5930": " Vistula terraces is asymmetrical. The left side consist mainly of two levels: the highest one contains former flooded terraces", "57335ddbd058e614000b5931": " former flooded terraces", "57335ddbd058e614000b5932": " Vistula", "57335ddbd058e614000b5933": " Vistula terraces is asymmetrical. The left side consist mainly of two levels: the highest one contains former flooded terraces", "57335fcad058e614000b5970": " bombing raids and planned destruction", "57335fcad058e614000b5971": "1950s", "57335fcad058e614000b5972": "1950s", "57335fcad058e614000b5973": " Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "57335fcad058e614000b5974": " Leopold Kronenberg Palace", "573361404776f4190066093c": "14th century), the temple is a typical example of the so-called Masovian gothic style", "573361404776f4190066093d": "1603\u20131639", "573361404776f4190066093e": "1603\u20131639) and Sigismund's Column (1644).", "573361404776f4190066093f": "1407\u20131410). The most notable examples of Renaissance architecture in the city are the house of Baryczko merchant family", "573361404776f41900660940": "The Negro\" (early 17th century) and Salwator", "573362b94776f41900660974": "17th century. One of the best examples of this architecture are Krasi\u0144ski Palace (1677\u20131683", "573362b94776f41900660975": "17th century. One of the best examples of this architecture are Krasi\u0144ski Palace (1677\u20131683", "573362b94776f41900660976": " rococo architecture are Czapski Palace", "573362b94776f41900660977": " rococo architecture are Czapski Palace", "573362b94776f41900660978": "1677\u20131683), Wilan\u00f3w Palace (1677\u20131696", "5733638fd058e614000b59e8": " bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities after the war (like mentioned Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company", "5733638fd058e614000b59e9": " not restored by the communist authorities after the war (like mentioned Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company Rosja building) or they were rebuilt in socialist realism style", "5733638fd058e614000b59ea": "Exceptional examples of the bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities after the war (like mentioned Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company", "5733638fd058e614000b59eb": "Exceptional examples of the bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities after the war (like mentioned Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company", "5733638fd058e614000b59ec": "Exceptional examples of the bourgeois architecture of the later periods were not restored by the communist authorities after the war (like mentioned Kronenberg Palace and Insurance Company", "5733647e4776f419006609ae": " Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom", "5733647e4776f419006609af": " Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum", "5733647e4776f419006609b0": " Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum of Memory of Martyrdom", "5733647e4776f419006609b1": " Wincenty Ku\u0107ma", "5733647e4776f419006609b2": " Pawiak, an infamous German Gestapo prison now occupied by a Mausoleum", "573368044776f41900660a29": " palm house in the New Orangery displays plants of subtropics", "573368044776f41900660a2a": " Praga", "573368044776f41900660a2b": " New Orangery displays plants of subtropics", "573368044776f41900660a2c": " green spaces in the city include the Botanic Garden and the University Library garden", "573368044776f41900660a2d": "1865\u20131871", "573368e54776f41900660a53": " to the location of Warsaw", "573368e54776f41900660a54": " Warsaw", "573368e54776f41900660a55": " Kabaty Forest by the southern city border. Warsaw has also two botanic gardens: by the \u0141azienki", "573368e54776f41900660a56": " Kabaty Forest by the southern city border. Warsaw has also two botanic gardens: by the \u0141azienki", "573368e54776f41900660a57": " three", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcb": "420,000", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcc": "6%,", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcd": "1939, c. 1,300,000 people lived in Warsaw, but in 1945", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bce": "6%, so shortly the city started to suffer from the lack of flats and of areas for new houses. The first remedial measure was the Warsaw", "57337f6ad058e614000b5bcf": " Warsaw", "57338007d058e614000b5bda": " Warsaw", "57338007d058e614000b5bdb": "711,988", "57338007d058e614000b5bdc": "711,988 inhabitants 56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bdd": "711,988 inhabitants 56.2%", "57338007d058e614000b5bde": "1909", "573380e0d058e614000b5be9": " commune (gmina).", "573380e0d058e614000b5bea": " commune (gmina).", "573380e0d058e614000b5beb": " Poland", "57338160d058e614000b5bf9": "Legislative", "57338160d058e614000b5bfa": "60", "57338160d058e614000b5bfb": "30 days to override the veto by a two-thirds majority vote", "57338160d058e614000b5bfc": "Rada Miasta", "57338160d058e614000b5bfd": "60", "57338255d058e614000b5c0d": " President", "57338255d058e614000b5c0e": " Jan Andrzej", "57338255d058e614000b5c0f": "1990. The first Warsaw President was Jan Andrzej Menich (1695\u20131696", "57338255d058e614000b5c10": " Jan Andrzej", "57338255d058e614000b5c11": " presidents", "573382d24776f41900660c37": "\u015ar\u00f3dm", "573382d24776f41900660c38": "650 million", "573382d24776f41900660c39": "\u015ar\u00f3dm", "573382d24776f41900660c3a": "12%", "573382d24776f41900660c3b": "12%", "5733834ed058e614000b5c26": "1817 and continued trading until World War II. It was re-established in April 1991", "5733834ed058e614000b5c27": "374 companies listed and total capitalization of 162 584 mln EUR", "5733834ed058e614000b5c28": "1817 and continued trading until World War II. It was re-established in April 1991", "5733834ed058e614000b5c29": "374", "5733834ed058e614000b5c2a": "374 companies listed and total capitalization of 162 584 mln EUR", "573383d0d058e614000b5c35": "1951", "573383d0d058e614000b5c36": " Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c37": " FSO Car Factory", "573383d0d058e614000b5c38": " Daewoo", "573383d0d058e614000b5c39": " Daewoo", "573166ede6313a140071cef2": " Poland. It stands on the Vistula River", "573166ede6313a140071cef3": "Warsaw", "573166ede6313a140071cef4": " Poland", "573166ede6313a140071cef5": "300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.740 million", "573166ede6313a140071cef6": " Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains", "5732b6b5328d981900602021": "Warsaw", "5732b6b5328d981900602022": " Vistula River", "5732b6b5328d981900602023": "260 kilometres (160 mi)", "5732b6b5328d981900602024": "300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.740 million", "5732b6b5328d981900602025": " Carpathian Mountains", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9628": " France", "56ddde6b9a695914005b9629": "10th and 11th centuries", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962a": " Denmark, Iceland and Norway who, under their leader Rollo, agreed to swear fealty to King Charles III", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962b": " King Charles III", "56ddde6b9a695914005b962c": "10th and 11th", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad5f": " Richard I", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad60": " William the Conqueror", "56dddf4066d3e219004dad61": " Norman, Normaund or Norman French", "56dde0379a695914005b9636": " Nortmannus", "56dde0379a695914005b9637": "9th century", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad75": "10th century", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad76": " King Charles III", "56dde0ba66d3e219004dad77": " Rouen, and reproduced the Roman administrative structure of Gallia", "56dde1d966d3e219004dad8d": " Rollo's arrival, its populations did not differ from Picardy or the \u00cele-de-France", "56dde27d9a695914005b9651": "Christianity) and the Gallo-Romance language of the local people, blending their maternal Frankish heritage with Old Norse traditions", "56dde27d9a695914005b9652": " Catholicism", "56dde2fa66d3e219004dad9b": " avid Crusaders", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9660": "1017", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9661": " Prince Guaimar III", "56dde3aa9a695914005b9662": " Monte Gargano", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b595": "dux et magister Italiae comesque Normannorum totius Apuliae et Calabriae\" (\"Duke and Master of Italy", "56de0daecffd8e1900b4b596": " Duke Sergius IV of Naples in 1030. The Hauteville family achieved princely rank by proclaiming prince Guaimar IV", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59a": " Antipope Anacletus", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59b": "1130", "56de0e25cffd8e1900b4b59c": " Palermo", "56de0ed14396321400ee2579": "Kitab Rudjd", "56de0ed14396321400ee257a": "Kitab Rudjd", "56de0ed14396321400ee257b": " meritocratic bureaucracy", "56de0f6a4396321400ee257f": " Norman mercenaries", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258d": "1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258e": "1050s", "56de0ffd4396321400ee258f": " Robert Crispin", "56de10b44396321400ee2593": " Ours", "56de10b44396321400ee2594": " Raimba", "56de10b44396321400ee2595": " Philaretus", "56de11154396321400ee25aa": " Maniakates", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bc": " Comiscortes", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5bd": " February 1082", "56de148dcffd8e1900b4b5be": "30,000", "56de15104396321400ee25b7": " the banks of the river Deabolis", "56de15104396321400ee25b8": " Robert's son, landed in Valona and besieged Dyrrachium", "56de15104396321400ee25b9": " Normans secured the Arbanon passes and opened their way to Dibra. The lack of supplies, disease and Byzantine resistance", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c2": "1185", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c3": " Byzantine state", "56de1563cffd8e1900b4b5c4": " betrayal of high Byzantine officials", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c8": " England", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5c9": " Sweyn Forkbeard", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5ca": " Normandy", "56de15dbcffd8e1900b4b5cb": " Sweyn Forkbeard", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d0": " Robert of Jumi", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d1": "1041", "56de1645cffd8e1900b4b5d2": " Robert of Jumi", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c5": " Battle of Hastings", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c6": " Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c7": "1066", "56de16ca4396321400ee25c8": " Duke William II of Normandy conquered England killing King Harold II", "56de1728cffd8e1900b4b5d7": " English. The Anglo-Norman language", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5da": "1169", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5db": "more Irish than the Irish themselves.\" The Normans settled mostly in an area in the east of Ireland", "56de179dcffd8e1900b4b5dc": "more Irish than the Irish themselves.\" The Normans settled mostly in an area in the east of Ireland", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e0": " William the Conqueror, Edgar Atheling, eventually fled to Scotland. King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e1": " William the Conqueror, Edgar Atheling, eventually fled to Scotland. King Malcolm III", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e2": "1072", "56de17f9cffd8e1900b4b5e3": " William invaded Scotland", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6be": " Sybilla", "56de3cd0cffd8e1900b4b6bf": "Davidian Revolution", "56de3d594396321400ee26ca": " Wales", "56de3d594396321400ee26cb": " Edward the Confessor", "56de3d594396321400ee26cc": " Edward the Confessor", "56de3dbacffd8e1900b4b6d2": " William's most trusted Norman barons", "56de3e414396321400ee26d8": "1018", "56de3e414396321400ee26d9": " Roger de Tosny", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e6": "1096", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e7": " instrumental in the conquest of Jerusalem", "56de3ebc4396321400ee26e8": " Bohemond of Taranto", "56de3efccffd8e1900b4b6fe": "380 years", "56de3f784396321400ee26fa": " Cyprus", "56de3f784396321400ee26fb": " Richard the Lion-hearted", "56de3f784396321400ee26fc": "1191", "56de3f784396321400ee26fd": " Richard the Lion-hearted", "56de40da4396321400ee2708": " Richard. But Isaac changed his mind and tried to escape. Richard then proceeded to conquer the whole island, his troops being led by Guy de Lus", "56de40da4396321400ee2709": " Richard provided that he support Guy against his rival Conrad of Montferrat", "56de40da4396321400ee270a": " Richard. But Isaac changed his mind and tried to escape. Richard then proceeded to conquer the whole island, his troops being led by Guy de Lus", "56de41504396321400ee2714": " Berengaria of Navarre, first-born daughter of King Sancho VI", "56de41504396321400ee2715": "12 May 1191", "56de41504396321400ee2716": " Richard caused himself to be crowned King of Cyprus", "56de48f34396321400ee2770": "1192", "56de48f34396321400ee2771": " Knights Templar and it was subsequently acquired, in 1192, by Guy de Lusignan", "56de49564396321400ee277a": " Norman noble Jean de Bethencourt and the Poitevine Gad", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a7": " Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n, 2nd Count de Nie", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a8": " Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n, 2nd Count de Nie", "56de49a8cffd8e1900b4b7a9": " Jean's nephew Maciot de Bethencourt sold the rights to the islands to Enrique P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n, 2nd Count de Nie", "56de4a474396321400ee2786": " Latin", "56de4a474396321400ee2787": "13", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7bd": " stage in the architectural history of the regions they subdued. They spread a unique Romanesque idiom to England and Italy", "56de4a89cffd8e1900b4b7be": " stage in the architectural history of the regions they subdued. They spread a unique Romanesque idiom to England and Italy", "56de4b074396321400ee2793": " Norman-Arab architecture", "56de4b074396321400ee2794": " Norman-Arab architecture", "56de4b074396321400ee2795": " Norman-Arab architecture", "56de4b5c4396321400ee2799": " early 11th century", "56de4b5c4396321400ee279a": " the Normans", "56de4bb84396321400ee27a2": "16th century", "56de4c324396321400ee27ab": " Bayeux Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ac": " Bayeux Tapestry", "56de4c324396321400ee27ad": " Odo", "56de51244396321400ee27ef": " Norman art primarily survives as stonework or metalwork, such as capitals and baptismal fonts", "56de51c64396321400ee27f7": "11th", "56de51c64396321400ee27f8": " William of Volpiano", "56de52614396321400ee27fb": " Sant'Eufemia", "56de52614396321400ee27fc": " Latin", "56de52614396321400ee27fd": " Robert Guiscard", "56de52614396321400ee27fe": " Norman abbot Robert de Grant", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f6": "1943", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f8": " Serbian American inventor", "56df9e2838dc4217001520f9": "1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b7": "7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b8": "1856 \u2013 7 January 1943", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6b9": "Nikola", "56e0b94b7aa994140058e6bb": "Nikola", "56df9ee138dc421700152108": "1884", "56df9ee138dc421700152109": " Thomas Edison", "56df9ee138dc42170015210a": " Thomas Edison in New York City", "56df9ee138dc42170015210b": " Thomas Edison in New York", "56df9ee138dc42170015210c": "War of Currents", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c1": "1884", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c2": "War of Currents", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c3": " New York City", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c4": " George Westinghouse", "56e0b9d57aa994140058e6c5": "War of Currents", "56dfa01738dc42170015211d": "1893", "56dfa01738dc42170015211e": " electrical discharge tubes", "56dfa01738dc42170015211f": "ffe Tower", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35b": " intercontinental wireless transmission, his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35c": "1893", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35d": "ffe Tower", "56e0bab7231d4119001ac35e": " New York and Colorado", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb7": "1960", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb8": " General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebb9": " General Conference", "56dfa0d84a1a83140091ebba": "Tesla was renowned for his achievements and showmanship, eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture as an archet", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cb": " eventually earning him a reputation in popular culture", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cc": "1960", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cd": "mad scientist\".", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6ce": "7 January 1943", "56e0bb9f7aa994140058e6cf": " General Conference on Weights and Measures named the SI unit of magnetic flux density", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc1": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc2": "modern-day Croatia).", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc3": "10 July [O.S. 28 June] 1856 into a Serb family", "56dfa13d4a1a83140091ebc4": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36b": "10 July [O.S. 28 June] 1856 into a Serb family in the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36c": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36d": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36e": " Milutin Tesla, was a Serbian Orthodox priest", "56e0bcc0231d4119001ac36f": " Smiljan, Austrian Empire", "56dfa1d34a1a83140091ebd4": " five children. He had an older brother named Dane and three", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd6": "Lower\" or \"Primary\" School, followed by the \"Lower Real Gymnasium", "56dfa1d44a1a83140091ebd7": "1862", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac375": " Milka, Angelina and Marica", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac376": " Milka, Angelina and Marica", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac377": " horse-riding", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac378": " Gospi\u0107", "56e0c0c7231d4119001ac379": "Lower\" or \"Primary\" School, followed by the \"Lower Real Gymnasium", "56dfa24a38dc421700152142": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56dfa24a38dc421700152143": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium", "56dfa24a38dc421700152144": " Real Gymnasium", "56dfa24a38dc421700152145": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium", "56dfa24a38dc421700152146": "1870", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d5": "1870", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d6": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d7": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium, where he was profoundly influenced by a math teacher Martin Sekuli\u0107", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d8": " Karlovac, to attend school at the Higher Real Gymnasium", "56e0c1617aa994140058e6d9": "1873", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf2": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf3": " nine months", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf4": " the best engineering school", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf5": " his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56dfa2c54a1a83140091ebf6": " his birthtown, Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6df": "1873", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e0": " cholera; he was bedridden", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e1": " nine months", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e2": " Smiljan. Shortly after he arrived, Tesla contracted cholera; he was bedridden", "56e0c2307aa994140058e6e3": " the best engineering school", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfc": " Smiljan by running away to Toming", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfd": " Mark Twain", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebfe": " Mark Twain", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ebff": "1874", "56dfa3394a1a83140091ec00": " Mark Twain's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac389": " Mark Twain's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38a": "1874", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38b": " Mark Twain's works had helped him to miraculously recover from his earlier illness", "56e0c2bc231d4119001ac38c": " Mark Twain", "56dfa3c338dc421700152154": "1875", "56dfa3c338dc421700152155": "mortified when [his] father made light of [those] hard won honors.\"", "56dfa3c338dc421700152156": "1875", "56dfa3c338dc421700152157": "11 p.m.,", "56dfa3c338dc421700152158": "11 p.m.,", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ab": " Austrian Polytechnic in Graz, Austria", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ac": "1875", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ad": "1875", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3ae": "mortified when [his] father made light of [those] hard won honors.\"", "56e0cbf3231d4119001ac3af": "11 p.m.,", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfa9": " hide the fact that he dropped out of school", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfaa": " his family to hide the fact that he dropped out of school. His friends thought that he had drowned in the Mur River", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfab": " nervous breakdown", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfac": " hide the fact that he dropped out of school. His friends thought that he had drowned in the Mur River", "56dfa7887aa994140058dfad": " hide the fact that he dropped out of school. His friends thought that he had drowned in the Mur River", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e717": " March 1879", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e718": " nervous breakdown", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e719": " nervous breakdown", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71a": " hide the fact that he dropped out of school", "56e0ccaa7aa994140058e71b": " hide the fact that he dropped out of school. His friends thought that he had drowned in the Mur River", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbd": " to Gospi\u0107", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbe": "24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit. On 17 April 1879", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfbf": "pi\u0107", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc0": " Real Gymnasium", "56dfaa047aa994140058dfc1": "pi\u0107", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3bf": " Gospi\u0107", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c0": "24 March 1879, Tesla was returned to Gospi\u0107 under police guard for not having a residence permit. On 17 April 1879", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c1": " the age of 60", "56e0cd33231d4119001ac3c2": " Milutin Tesla died", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5b": " Charles-Ferdinand University", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5c": " to help him leave Gospi\u0107", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5e": " Prague", "56dfac8e231d4119001abc5f": "pi\u0107", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c7": " Charles-Ferdinand University", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c8": " January 1880", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3c9": " Charles-Ferdinand University", "56e0cdb9231d4119001ac3ca": " Charles-Ferdinand University", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc7": " Budapest", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc8": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfc9": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfca": " Central Station equipment", "56dfad0a7aa994140058dfcb": " functional and Tesla was allocated the chief electrician position. During his employment, Tesla made many improvements to the Central Station equipment", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fc": "1881", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fd": " Budapest", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3fe": " Ferenc Pusk\u00e1s at a telegraph company, the Budapest Telephone Exchange", "56e0d402231d4119001ac3ff": " Tesla made many improvements to the Central Station equipment", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc83": "1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France, designing and making improvements to electrical equipment. In June 1884", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc84": " France", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc85": " Continental Edison Company", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc86": " Thomas Edison", "56dfb0c8231d4119001abc87": " France", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e769": " France", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76a": " France", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76b": "1882, Tesla began working for the Continental Edison Company in France, designing and making improvements to electrical equipment. In June 1884", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76c": " Thomas Edison", "56e0d54a7aa994140058e76d": " France", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00d": " fifty thousand dollars", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e00e": " Edison Company's direct current generators", "56dfb4be7aa994140058e010": " fifty thousand dollars", "56e0d6367aa994140058e773": " fifty thousand dollars", "56e0d6367aa994140058e774": " US$10 a week raise over Tesla's US$18 per week salary", "56e0d6367aa994140058e775": " Edison Company's direct current generators", "56dfb5777aa994140058e021": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56dfb5777aa994140058e022": " Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting", "56dfb5777aa994140058e023": " dynamo electric machine", "56dfb5777aa994140058e024": " Tesla partnered with two businessmen in 1886, Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail, who agreed to finance an electric lighting", "56dfb5777aa994140058e025": " Tesla Electric", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac420": " electrical arc light based illumination systems designed by Tesla and also had designs for dynamo electric machine commutators", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac421": "1886", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac422": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac423": " dynamo electric machine", "56e0d6cf231d4119001ac424": " Robert Lane and Benjamin Vail", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb5": " develop an electrical utility than invent new systems. They eventually forced Tesla out leaving him penniless", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb6": " motors and electrical transmission equipment", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb8": " develop an electrical utility than invent new systems. They eventually forced Tesla out leaving him penniless", "56dfb5f5231d4119001abcb9": "1886", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42b": " develop an electrical utility than invent new systems. They eventually forced Tesla out leaving him penniless", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42c": " $2 per day", "56e0d76d231d4119001ac42d": " develop an electrical utility than invent new systems. They eventually forced Tesla out leaving him penniless", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc0": " Alfred S. Brown, a Western Union", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc1": " April 1887", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc2": " Manhattan", "56dfb666231d4119001abcc3": " Manhattan", "56e0d810231d4119001ac432": " April 1887", "56e0d810231d4119001ac433": " Western Union", "56e0d810231d4119001ac434": " Alfred S. Brown", "56e0d810231d4119001ac435": " Manhattan", "56e0d810231d4119001ac436": "89 Liberty Street", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e053": " alternating current, a power system format that was starting to be built in Europe", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e054": "1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e055": " alternating current, a power system format that was starting to be built in Europe", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e056": " polyphase current which generated a rotating magnetic field", "56dfb6d17aa994140058e057": " polyphase current", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43c": "1882). This innovative electric motor, patented in May 1888", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43d": " because of its advantages in long-distance", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43e": " polyphase current which generated a rotating magnetic field", "56e0d9e0231d4119001ac43f": "1887", "56e057e1231d4119001ac043": " Thomas Commer", "56e057e1231d4119001ac044": " Thomas Commerford", "56e057e1231d4119001ac045": "1888", "56e057e1231d4119001ac046": " to George Westinghouse", "56e057e1231d4119001ac047": " Thomas Commer", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e779": " Thomas Commer", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77a": " Thomas Commerford", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77b": " George Westinghouse", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77c": " George Westinghouse that Tesla had a viable AC motor and related power system", "56e0dbb57aa994140058e77d": " Thomas Commerford", "56e05900231d4119001ac04d": "1888", "56e05900231d4119001ac04e": " $60,000", "56e05900231d4119001ac04f": " Brown and Peck", "56e05900231d4119001ac051": " $60,000", "56e0dc667aa994140058e783": " $60,000", "56e0dc667aa994140058e784": " July 1888", "56e0dc667aa994140058e785": " $60,000 in cash and stock and a royalty of $2.50 per AC", "56e0dc667aa994140058e786": " July 1888", "56e059c8231d4119001ac057": " Pittsburgh, helping to create an alternating current system to power the city's streetcars", "56e059c8231d4119001ac058": " DC", "56e059c8231d4119001ac059": " streetcars", "56e059c8231d4119001ac05a": " DC", "56e0e518231d4119001ac444": " streetcars", "56e0e518231d4119001ac445": " streetcars", "56e05a78231d4119001ac062": " Thomas Edison", "56e05a78231d4119001ac063": "War of Currents", "56e05a78231d4119001ac064": "War of Currents", "56e05a78231d4119001ac065": "Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78b": " General Electric", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78c": " Thomas Edison", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78d": "1888", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78e": "Tesla's demonstration of his induction motor and Westinghouse", "56e0e5f37aa994140058e78f": " Thomas Edison", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cd": "Tesla Polyphase System", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1ce": " Chicago", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1cf": " General Electric", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d0": "Tesla Polyphase System", "56e07c86231d4119001ac1d1": "Tesla Polyphase System", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d5": " George Westing", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d6": " Chicago", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d7": "1893", "56e0ecd37aa994140058e7d8": "Tesla Polyphase System", "56e0812c231d4119001ac213": " Richard Dean Adams", "56e0812c231d4119001ac214": " General Electric", "56e0812c231d4119001ac215": " General Electric", "56e0812c231d4119001ac216": " General Electric", "56e0812c231d4119001ac217": " Niagara Falls", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac459": " Richard Dean Adams", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45a": "1893", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45b": " Westinghouse's demonstration that they could build a complete AC system", "56e0ee12231d4119001ac45c": " two-phase AC", "56e089ab231d4119001ac285": " mid 1890s", "56e089ab231d4119001ac287": " $200,000", "56e089ab231d4119001ac288": " $200,000", "56e089ab231d4119001ac289": " $200,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac462": " J. P.", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac463": " $200,000", "56e0ef0c231d4119001ac464": " $200,000", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5da": "35", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5db": " New York", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dc": " South Fifth Avenue", "56e08a1f7aa994140058e5dd": "35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States, and established his South Fifth Avenue laboratory", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac468": "30 July 1891", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac469": "35, Tesla became a naturalized citizen of the United States, and established his South Fifth Avenue", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46a": "35", "56e0ef90231d4119001ac46b": " United States, and established his South Fifth Avenue laboratory", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac299": " American Institute of Electrical Engineers", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29a": "Tesla served as a vice president of the American Institute", "56e08aa0231d4119001ac29d": "1892 to 1894", "56e0f019231d4119001ac470": " Institute of Radio Engineers", "56e0f019231d4119001ac471": "1894.", "56e0f019231d4119001ac472": "unner (along with the Institute of Radio Engineers", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a4": " as radiant energy", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a5": "invisible\" kinds after he had noticed damaged film in his laboratory in previous experiments (later identified as \"Roentgen rays", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a6": " March 1895", "56e08b3c231d4119001ac2a7": " March 1895", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c8": "1894", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4c9": "Roentgen rays", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4ca": " $50,000", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cb": "Roentgen rays\" or \"X-Rays\"). His early experiments were with Crookes tubes, a cold cathode electrical discharge tube", "56e0f32d231d4119001ac4cc": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ad": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography), Tesla proceeded to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2ae": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging (radiography), Tesla proceeded to do his own experiments in X-ray imaging", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2af": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b0": " X-ray imaging, developing a high energy single terminal", "56e08d32231d4119001ac2b1": " X-rays. Tesla held that, with his circuits, the \"instrument will ... enable one to generate Roentgen rays", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d4": " March 1896", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d5": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging", "56e0f5a6231d4119001ac4d6": " Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen's discovery of X-ray and X-ray imaging", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b7": " circuit and single-node", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b8": " circuit and single-node", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2b9": " X-rays were longitudinal waves", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2ba": " single-node", "56e08f4a231d4119001ac2bb": " single-node", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ee": " early investigation of this phenomenon, he attributed the skin damage", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4ef": " X-rays were longitudinal waves", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f0": " force-free magnetic fields", "56e0f6aa231d4119001ac4f1": " force-free magnetic fields", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e795": " Benjamin Lamme had made great progress developing an efficient version of Tesla's induction motor and Westinghouse Electric", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e796": "1893", "56e0e69b7aa994140058e797": " Benjamin Lamme", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7dd": " Egg of Columbus", "56e0ed557aa994140058e7e0": " demonstrating", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e859": "11 July 1934", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85a": " article on Tesla, in which he recalled an event that would occasionally take place while experimenting with his single-electrode vacuum tubes", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85b": "Tesla said he could feel a sharp stinging pain", "56e0fa5b7aa994140058e85c": "Tesla said he could feel a sharp stinging pain", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac525": " far as lectures and demonstrations in 1893 in St. Louis, Missouri, the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the National Electric Light Association", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac526": " Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the National Electric Light Association", "56e0fb14231d4119001ac527": " far as lectures and demonstrations in 1893 in St. Louis, Missouri, the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the National Electric Light Association", "56e0fb887aa994140058e869": "1898", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86a": "teleautom", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86b": " Madison Square", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86c": "teleautomaton\"\u2014to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square", "56e0fb887aa994140058e86d": "teleautomaton\"\u2014to the public during an electrical exhibition at Madison Square", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e877": "1903, followed by a reverse decision in favor of Marconi in 1904. In 1943", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e878": " Tesla was granted patents for a \"system of transmitting electrical energy\" and \"an electrical transmitter.\" When Guglielmo Marconi", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e879": "1900", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87a": "1904. In 1943", "56e0fc3f7aa994140058e87b": " Marconi", "56e0fd167aa994140058e881": "1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e882": " Foote", "56e0fd167aa994140058e883": "17 May 1899", "56e0fd167aa994140058e884": " Foote", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ea": "Tesla investigated atmospheric electricity", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673eb": "Tesla investigated atmospheric electricity", "56e0fde0cd28a01900c673ec": "Tesla investigated atmospheric electricity", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6a": "135 feet", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6b": "15 miles", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6c": " water line", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6d": "135 feet", "56e0fe85e3433e1400422a6e": "100 feet", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fb": " generator", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fc": "As an example of what has been done with several hundred kilowatts", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fd": " generator", "56e0ff5dcd28a01900c673fe": " outage", "56e10043e3433e1400422a84": " Red Cross Society", "56e10043e3433e1400422a85": "Talking With Plan", "56e10043e3433e1400422a86": "Talking With Plan", "56e10043e3433e1400422a87": "Talking With Plan", "56e10043e3433e1400422a88": "8 December 1899", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67403": " $100,000", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67404": " $100,000 for Tesla to further develop and produce a new lighting system", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67405": " $100", "56e100b6cd28a01900c67406": "1899", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740b": "7 January 1900", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740c": " two years later", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740d": "7 January 1900", "56e1011ecd28a01900c6740e": " two years later", "56e10179cd28a01900c67413": "ffe", "56e10179cd28a01900c67414": " Wardenclyffe", "56e10179cd28a01900c67415": " Shoreham, Long Island", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8e": " Panic", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a8f": " foreclosure", "56e101f4e3433e1400422a91": " more powerful transmitter", "56e10296cd28a01900c67423": " over 50 letters", "56e10296cd28a01900c67424": " complete the construction of Wardenclyffe", "56e10296cd28a01900c67425": " Over the next five years, Tesla wrote over 50 letters to Morgan, pleading for and demanding additional funding to complete the construction of Wardenclyffe", "56e10296cd28a01900c67426": " Over the next five years", "56e10325cd28a01900c67435": "16,000", "56e10325cd28a01900c67436": " Waterside Power Station", "56e10325cd28a01900c67437": "1906", "56e10325cd28a01900c67438": " turbine engines", "56e10412e3433e1400422aba": "Tesla", "56e10412e3433e1400422abb": " the resonance frequency", "56e10412e3433e1400422abc": "Tesla invented a steam-powered mechanical oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abd": "Tesla invented a steam-powered mechanical oscillator\u2014Tesla's oscillator", "56e10412e3433e1400422abe": " sledge hammer to terminate the experiment", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae4": " unconsciously with electricity,\" wiring the walls of a schoolroom", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae5": " unconsciously with electricity,\" wiring the walls of a schoolroom", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae6": " William H. Maxwell", "56e1066be3433e1400422ae7": " unconsciously with electricity,\" wiring the walls of a schoolroom", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afa": " European countries", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afb": " $20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afc": " $20,000 ($472,500 in today's dollars). In 1917, around the time that the Wardenclyffe Tower", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afd": " $20,000", "56e1075ae3433e1400422afe": " $20,000 ($472,500 in today's dollars). In 1917, around the time that the Wardenclyffe Tower", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0c": " reflection of an \"electric ray\" of \"tremendous", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0d": " using the reflection", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0e": "tremendous", "56e108abe3433e1400422b0f": " \u00c9mile Girardeau", "56e1097dcd28a01900c6748f": " Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla; however, on 15 November, a Reuters story from Stockholm stated the prize that year was being awarded to Sir William Henry", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67490": " Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla; however, on 15 November, a Reuters story from Stockholm stated the prize that year was being awarded to Sir William Henry", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67491": " Nobel Prize", "56e1097dcd28a01900c67492": " Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence", "56e10a28cd28a01900c674b1": " $20", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b3": "38", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b4": " Edison", "56e10aa5cd28a01900c674b5": "1915", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b24": " $1,000", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b25": " turbine engines in rotor aircraft", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b26": " turbine engines in rotor aircraft", "56e10b6ee3433e1400422b27": "gradually tilted through manipulation of the elevator devices\" in flight until it was flying like a conventional plane", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b36": " $125 per month", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b37": " $125 per month", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b38": " $125 per month", "56e10c61e3433e1400422b39": "Marc Seifer), as a type of unspecified settlement", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d7": " communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d8": " over any terrestrial distance", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674d9": " over any terrestrial distance", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674da": " communication, and a method of accurately determining the location of underground mineral deposits", "56e10d2dcd28a01900c674db": "1935", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b48": " feed the pigeons", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b49": " dodge a moving taxicab and was thrown heavily to the ground. Tesla's back was severely wrenched", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4a": " severely wrenched", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4b": "1937", "56e10ddce3433e1400422b4c": "1937", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674eb": "teleforce\" weapon", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ec": "teleforce\" weapon", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ed": "teleforce\" weapon", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ee": "teleforce\" weapon", "56e10e73cd28a01900c674ef": "teleforce\" weapon after studying the Van de Graaff generator. The press variably referred to it as a \"peace ray", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5c": "1937", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5d": " magnifying transformer).", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5e": " high voltage", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b5f": " the device is based on a narrow stream of small tungsten pellets that are accelerated via high voltage", "56e10f14e3433e1400422b60": " magnifying transformer).", "56e10fbacd28a01900c67509": " Energy through the Natural Media", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750a": " Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750b": " Belgrade", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750c": " millions", "56e10fbacd28a01900c6750d": "superweapon", "56e11044e3433e1400422b76": " steal", "56e11044e3433e1400422b77": " mind", "56e11044e3433e1400422b78": " thieves", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67531": "81", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67532": "7 January 1943", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67533": " maid Alice Monaghan", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67534": " maid Alice Monaghan", "56e110c3cd28a01900c67535": "86, Tesla died alone in room 3327 of the New Yorker Hotel", "56e11161e3433e1400422b86": " Manhattan Storage and Warehouse Company", "56e11161e3433e1400422b87": " John G. Trump", "56e11161e3433e1400422b89": " Manhattan Storage and Warehouse Company", "56e11161e3433e1400422b8a": " Manhattan Storage and Warehouse Company", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b90": " New York City mayor Fiorello La Guardia", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b91": " Fiorello La Guard", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b92": "10 January 1943", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b93": " two thousand", "56e111e5e3433e1400422b94": " Ardsley", "56e1127bcd28a01900c67549": " Belgrade in 80 trunks marked N.T. In 1957, Kosanovi\u0107's secretary Charlotte Muz", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754a": " Sava Kosanovi\u0107", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754b": " Sava Kosanovi\u0107", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754c": " Belgrade", "56e1127bcd28a01900c6754d": "1957", "56e11996e3433e1400422bde": "278 patents", "56e11996e3433e1400422bdf": "300", "56e11996e3433e1400422be0": " lain hidden in patent archives. There are a minimum of 278 patents", "56e11996e3433e1400422be1": " United States", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b5": "6:00", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b6": " Delmonico", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b7": "8:10", "56e11a16cd28a01900c675b8": " telephone his dinner order to the headwaiter", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf0": "10 miles per day. He squished his toes one hundred times for each foot every night", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf1": " each foot every night", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf2": " toes", "56e11a73e3433e1400422bf3": " toes one hundred", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c7": " murder", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c8": " Arthur Brisbane, Tesla said that he did not believe in telepath", "56e11afbcd28a01900c675c9": " one", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d7": " feed the pigeons and even brought injured ones into his hotel room to nurse", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d8": " $2,000", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675d9": " $2,000", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675da": " nurse back to health", "56e11ba9cd28a01900c675db": " feed the pigeons", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c18": "6 feet 2 inches", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c19": "6 feet 2 inches", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1a": "1888 to about 1926", "56e11c24e3433e1400422c1b": " New York City", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e7": " eight", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e8": " photographic memory", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675e9": "Tesla read many works, memorizing complete books, and supposedly possessed a photographic memory", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675ea": "Tesla read many works, memorizing complete books, and supposedly possessed a photographic memory", "56e11cedcd28a01900c675eb": "Tesla read many works, memorizing complete books, and supposedly possessed a photographic memory", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f1": "48 hours", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f2": "84 hours", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f3": " telephone.\"", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f4": " Swezey", "56e11d8ecd28a01900c675f5": "84 hours", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c28": " women vying", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c29": " I", "56e11e57e3433e1400422c2a": "-sp", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2e": " Robert Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c2f": " Robert Underwood Johnson", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c30": " seclude himself with his work. However, when he did engage in a social life, many people spoke very positively and adm", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c31": " seclude", "56e11f05e3433e1400422c32": " Tesla. Robert Underwood Johnson described him as attaining a \"distinguished sweetness", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67611": " Mark Twain", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67612": " Mark Twain", "56e11f83cd28a01900c67613": " late 1920s", "56e12005cd28a01900c67617": "Tesla could", "56e12005cd28a01900c67618": " criticize clothing; on several occasions, Tesla directed a subordinate to go home and change her", "56e12005cd28a01900c67619": " criticize clothing", "56e12005cd28a01900c6761a": " subordinate to go home and change", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c38": "ether\" that transmitted electrical energy", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c39": " electric charge", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3a": " electric charge", "56e120a1e3433e1400422c3b": "19th century", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4a": " Einstein", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4b": " Einstein's theory", "56e12110e3433e1400422c4c": " Einstein", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c50": "dynamic theory of gravity", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c51": "1892", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c52": "dynamic theory of gravity", "56e121b7e3433e1400422c53": "81", "56e122dacd28a01900c67639": "pity", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763a": "pity\" had interfered with the natural \"ruthless workings of nature,\" rather than from conceptions of a \"master race", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763b": "Tesla, like many of his era, became a proponent of an imposed selective breeding version of eugenics. His opinion stemmed", "56e122dacd28a01900c6763c": "1937", "56e1239acd28a01900c67641": " women", "56e1239acd28a01900c67642": "1926", "56e1239acd28a01900c67643": "Queen Bees", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5e": " Consummation", "56e12477e3433e1400422c5f": " Consummation", "56e12477e3433e1400422c60": " December 1914", "56e12477e3433e1400422c61": " Consummation", "56e124f1cd28a01900c6764f": " Buddhism and Christianity", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67650": "Tesla was raised an Orthodox Christian", "56e124f1cd28a01900c67651": " Buddhism and Christianity", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c66": "A Machine to End War", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c67": " End War", "56e1254ae3433e1400422c68": " End War", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6c": " magazines and journals", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6d": " Ben Johnston; The Fantastic Inventions of Nikola Tesla, compiled and edited by David Hatcher Child", "56e125b6e3433e1400422c6e": " Ben Johnston; The Fantastic Inventions of Nikola Tesla, compiled and edited by David Hatcher Child", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67655": " The Century Magazine", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67656": "1900", "56e1262fcd28a01900c67657": "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy,\" published in The Century Magazine in 1900, and the article \"Experiments With Alternate Current", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7c": " Tesla is a recurring theme in several types of science fiction", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7d": " The impact of the technologies invented or envisioned by Tesla is a recurring theme in several types of science fiction", "56e126dae3433e1400422c7e": "Tesla's legacy has endured in books, films, radio, TV, music", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765b": " science", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765c": " electrical power generation. He received congratulatory letters from more than 70 pioneers in science and engineering, including Albert Einstein", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765d": " electrical power generation", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765e": " Albert Einstein", "56e127bccd28a01900c6765f": "70", "56e16182e3433e1400422e28": "ational complexity theory", "56e16182e3433e1400422e29": " computation in theoretical computer science that focuses on class", "56e16182e3433e1400422e2a": "ational complexity theory", "56e16839cd28a01900c67887": " significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c67888": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c67889": " significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788a": "A problem is regarded as inherently difficult if its solution requires significant resources", "56e16839cd28a01900c6788b": " significant resources", "56e17644e3433e1400422f40": "Closely related fields in theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and comput", "56e17644e3433e1400422f41": "Clos", "56e17644e3433e1400422f42": "Closely related fields in theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17644e3433e1400422f43": "Closely related fields in theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a1": " Stated", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a2": " abstract question to be solved. In contrast, an instance of this problem is a rather concrete utterance", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a3": " a solution for every instance. The input string for a computational problem is referred to as a problem instance, and should not be confused with the problem itself", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a4": " infinite collection", "56e17a7ccd28a01900c679a5": " abstract question to be solved. In contrast, an instance of this problem is a rather concrete utterance", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f7f": "15", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f80": " Milan", "56e17e6ee3433e1400422f81": " Milan", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa0": " bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa1": " string over an alphabet. Usually, the alphabet is taken to be the binary alphabet (i.e., the set {0,1}),", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa2": "}), and thus the strings are bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa3": " bitstrings", "56e181d9e3433e1400422fa4": " string over an alphabet. Usually, the alphabet is taken to be the binary alphabet", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc8": " yes or no, or alternately", "56e190bce3433e1400422fc9": " yes or no, or alternately either 1 or 0. A decision problem can be viewed as a formal language", "56e190bce3433e1400422fca": " yes or no, or alternately", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcb": " yes or no, or alternately", "56e190bce3433e1400422fcc": "Decision problems", "56e19557e3433e1400422fee": " arbitrary graph", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff0": " graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19557e3433e1400422ff1": " graphs are encoded as binary strings", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f6": " single output", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f7": " more complex than that of a decision problem, that is, it isn't just yes", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f8": " single output", "56e19724cd28a01900c679f9": " yes", "56e19724cd28a01900c679fa": " the traveling salesman problem and the integer factorization", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2e": " since function problems can be recast as decision problems", "56e1a0dccd28a01900c67a2f": " triples", "56e1a38de3433e140042305c": "2n vertices compared to the time taken for a graph with n vertices", "56e1a38de3433e140042305d": "2n vertices compared to the time taken for a graph with n vertices", "56e1a38de3433e140042305e": " size", "56e1a38de3433e140042305f": " bits. Complexity", "56e1a38de3433e1400423060": " increase in the input size", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a48": " T(n) is a polynomial in n, then the algorithm is said to be a polynomial time algorithm. Cobham's thesis", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a49": "-case time complexity", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4a": " algorithm is said to be a polynomial time algorithm. Cobham's thesis", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4b": " a polynomial in n, then the algorithm is said to be a polynomial time algorithm", "56e1a564cd28a01900c67a4c": "-case time complexity", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423094": " mathematical model", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423095": " mathematical model of a general computing machine. It is a theoretical device that manipulates symbols contained on a strip of tape", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423097": " mathematical model of a general computing machine. It is a theoretical device that manipulates symbols", "56e1aba0e3433e1400423098": " mathematical model of a general computing", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a68": " randomized algorithms", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a69": " Algorithms that use random bits are called randomized algorithms", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6a": " randomized algorithms", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6b": " deterministic Turing", "56e1aff7cd28a01900c67a6c": " randomized algorithms", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309e": " deterministic Turing machines", "56e1b00ce3433e140042309f": " deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines, non-deterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines", "56e1b00ce3433e14004230a1": " deterministic Turing machines, probabilistic Turing machines, non-deterministic Turing machines, quantum Turing machines, symmetric Turing machines and alternating Turing machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a72": " random access machines", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a73": " random access machines. Perhaps surprisingly, each of these models can be converted to another without providing any extra computational power", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a74": " random access machines. Perhaps surprisingly, each of these models can be converted to another without providing any extra computational power. The time and memory consumption", "56e1b169cd28a01900c67a75": " another without providing any extra computational power", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b0": " some computational problems are easier to analyze in terms of more unusual resources. For example, a non-deterministic Turing", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b1": " analyze", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b2": " very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", "56e1b355e3433e14004230b3": " non-deterministic Turing machine has very little to do with how we physically want to compute algorithms", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa3": " DTIME(f", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa4": " DTIME(f", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa5": " deterministic Turing machine is used. The time required by a deterministic Turing", "56e1b62ecd28a01900c67aa6": " deterministic Turing", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abc": " complexity resources, any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource. Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abd": " complexity resources, any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource. Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abe": "alogous", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67abf": " complexity resources, any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource. Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity", "56e1b754cd28a01900c67ac0": " complexity resources, any complexity measure can be viewed as a computational resource. Complexity measures are very generally defined by the Blum complexity", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e6": "The best, worst and average", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e7": " faster", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e8": " worst and average", "56e1b8f3e3433e14004230e9": " faster", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae0": " O(n log n).", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae1": " when each pivoting divides the list in half", "56e1ba41cd28a01900c67ae2": " deterministic sorting algorithm", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423104": "-case complexity", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423105": "-case complexity", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423106": " algorithm", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423107": " the time complexity", "56e1bc3ae3433e1400423108": " Analyzing a particular algorithm falls under the field of analysis of algorithms", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afc": "Upper and lower bounds are usually stated using the big O notation", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afd": " big O notation", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67afe": "15n + 40, in big O notation one would write T(n)", "56e1bd4acd28a01900c67aff": " big O notation", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2c": "Of course, some complexity classes", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2d": " complicated definitions", "56e1c0f6cd28a01900c67b2e": " complicated definitions that do not fit into this framework. Thus, a typical complexity class", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423134": " quadratic time in the model of single-tape Turing", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423135": "Goldreich 2008", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423136": " complexity class P, which is the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423137": " FP", "56e1c2eee3433e1400423138": " FP", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423148": " bounding", "56e1c3e1e3433e1400423149": " bounding", "56e1c3e1e3433e140042314a": " bounding the time or space", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314e": " BQP and QMA", "56e1c4fce3433e140042314f": " Boolean circuits; and BQP and QMA, which are defined using quantum Turing machines", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423150": " quantum Turing machines. #P is an important complexity class of counting problems (not decision problems). Classes like IP and AM are defined using Interactive proof systems", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423151": " #P is an important complexity class", "56e1c4fce3433e1400423152": " quantum Turing machines. #P is an important complexity class of counting problems (not decision problems). Classes like IP and AM are defined using Interactive proof systems", "56e1c720e3433e140042316a": " hierarchy theorems", "56e1c720e3433e140042316b": "say) computation time indeed defines a bigger set of problems. In particular, although DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2", "56e1c720e3433e140042316c": " hierarchy theorems because they induce a proper hierarchy on the classes defined by constraining the respective resources. Thus there are pairs of complexity classes", "56e1c720e3433e140042316d": " hierarchy theorems because they induce a proper hierarchy on the classes defined by constraining the respective resources. Thus there are pairs of complexity classes", "56e1c720e3433e140042316e": "say) computation time indeed defines a bigger set of problems. In particular, although DTIME(n) is contained in DTIME(n2", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b74": " complexity classes. For instance, the time hierarchy theorem", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b75": " complexity classes. For instance, the time hierarchy theorem", "56e1c7e2cd28a01900c67b76": " complexity classes. For instance, the time hierarchy theorem tells us that P is strictly contained in EXPTIME, and the space hierarchy theorem", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423192": " Karp reductions and Levin reductions, and the bound on the complexity of reductions, such as polynomial-time reductions or log-space reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423193": " Y, X is no more difficult", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423194": " Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions, and the bound on the complexity of reductions, such as polynomial-time reductions or log-space reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423195": " Cook reductions, Karp reductions and Levin reductions", "56e1c9bfe3433e1400423196": " complexity of reductions, such as polynomial-time reductions or log-space reductions", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bac": " reduction is a polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bad": " reduction is a polynomial-time reduction. This means that the reduction process takes polynomial time", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bae": " reduction is a polynomial-time reduction", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67baf": " square an integer. Indeed, this can be done by giving the same input to both inputs of the multiplication algorithm", "56e1cbe2cd28a01900c67bb0": " multiplying", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a4": " complexity class", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a5": " NP-hard problems", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a6": " NP-hard problems", "56e1ce08e3433e14004231a8": " NP is the set of NP-hard problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cb": " NP-complete problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cc": " NP-complete problems", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231cd": " NP-complete problem, \u03a02, to another problem, \u03a01, would indicate that there is no known polynomial-time", "56e1d9fee3433e14004231ce": " NP-complete problems", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bca": " Boolean satisfiability", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcb": " Boolean satisf", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcc": " Boolean satisf", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bcd": " Boolean satisf", "56e1dc62cd28a01900c67bce": " Boolean satisf", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d5": " Millennium Prize", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d6": " Millennium Prize", "56e1ddfce3433e14004231d8": " one of the Millennium Prize", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd4": " Ladner", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd5": " NP-intermediate", "56e1ded7cd28a01900c67bd6": " NP-intermediate problems", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fc": " NP", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fd": " NP-complete, the polynomial time hierarchy collapses", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231fe": " NP", "56e1e9dfe3433e14004231ff": " Laszlo Babai", "56e1e9dfe3433e1400423200": " NP", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0a": " NP", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0b": " non-quantum complexity", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0c": " NP", "56e1ec83cd28a01900c67c0e": " quantum algorithm", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423210": " RP, BPP, PP, BQP, MA, PH, etc., it is possible that all these complexity classes collapse", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423211": " RP, BPP", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423212": " P = PSPACE", "56e1ee4de3433e1400423214": " RP, BPP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321a": " NP", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321b": " NP problems", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321c": " NP problems", "56e1efa0e3433e140042321d": " NP", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423222": " they are distinct or equal classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423223": " NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423224": " complexity classes between the two, such as NL and NC, and it is not known if they are distinct or equal classes", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423225": "the set of all problems", "56e1f10ee3433e1400423226": " strictly contained in P or equal to P. Again, there are many complexity classes", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322c": " solutions to be useful, are known as intractable problems", "56e1fc57e3433e140042322f": " feasibly computed", "56e1fc57e3433e1400423230": " feasibly computed", "56e1febfe3433e1400423236": " NP-complete Boolean", "56e1febfe3433e1400423237": " NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time and SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of the NP-complete Boolean", "56e1febfe3433e1400423238": " NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time and SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of the NP-complete Boolean", "56e1febfe3433e1400423239": " over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time and SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of the NP-complete Boolean", "56e1febfe3433e140042323a": " NP-complete knapsack problem over a wide range of sizes in less than quadratic time and SAT solvers routinely handle large instances of the NP-complete Boolean", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c14": " algorithmic problems", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c15": " Alan Turing", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c16": " algorithmic problems", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c17": "1936", "56e200e4cd28a01900c67c18": " algorithmic problems", "56e202e9e3433e1400423240": " Fortnow & Homer (2003) point out, the beginning of systematic studies in computational complexity is attributed to the seminal paper \"On the Computational Complexity", "56e202e9e3433e1400423241": " Fortnow & Homer", "56e202e9e3433e1400423242": "1965", "56e202e9e3433e1400423243": " Fortnow & Homer", "56e202e9e3433e1400423244": "1965", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1e": "Earlier papers studying problems solvable by Turing", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c1f": "1961), as well as Hisao Yamada's paper on real-time computations (1962", "56e2042ecd28a01900c67c20": " Raymond Smullyan's study of rudimentary sets (1961), as well as Hisao Yamada", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c24": " complexity-theoretic", "56e20a27cd28a01900c67c25": " input encoding, one tries to keep the discussion abstract", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324a": " Manuel Blum developed", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324b": "Reducibility Among Combin", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324d": " Manuel Blum developed an axiomatic complexity theory based on his axioms and proved an important result, the so-called, speed-up theorem", "56e20a3ae3433e140042324e": "21", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f23": " formal education", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f24": " teacher", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f25": " a school or other place of formal education", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f26": " Teachers may use a lesson plan to facilitate student learning", "56e7477700c9c71400d76f27": " a school or other place of formal education. In many countries", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f37": " vary among cultures. Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f38": " civics, community roles, or life skills", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f39": " teacher", "56e748a200c9c71400d76f3a": " craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f51": " anyone", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f52": " anyone with knowledge or skills in the wider community setting", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f53": " formal education", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f54": " Informal learning may be assisted by a teacher occupying a transient or ongoing role, such as a family member, or by anyone with knowledge or skills", "56e749dd00c9c71400d76f55": " anyone with knowledge or skills in the wider community setting", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f65": " gurus, mullahs, rabbis, pastors/youth pastors", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f66": " gurus", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f67": " pastors/youth pastors and lamas", "56e74af500c9c71400d76f68": " pastors/youth pastors", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e33": " homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e34": "Teaching", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e35": " homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e36": " homeschooling", "56e74bf937bdd419002c3e37": "Teaching", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6e": " formal teaching. Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f6f": " formal teaching", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f70": " formal teaching", "56e74d1f00c9c71400d76f71": "A teacher", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f76": "ill, preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of teachers", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f77": " to serve and protect the public interest through cert", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f78": " teachers", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f79": " teachers", "56e74e4800c9c71400d76f7a": " teachers", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f94": " Superintendent of Public Instruction", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f95": " college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples. In other areas these roles may belong to the State Board of Education", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f96": " college, and private schools may also require their teachers to be college peoples", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f97": " Superintendent of Public Instruction", "56e74faf00c9c71400d76f98": " Superintendent of Public Instruction", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5b": " teachers", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5c": " teachers", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5d": "In education, teachers", "56e7504437bdd419002c3e5e": " teachers", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa8": " formal approach to learning, including a course of study and lesson plan", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fa9": " pedagogy. When deciding what teaching method to use teachers", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76faa": " pedagogy. When deciding what teaching method to use teachers", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fab": " teachers", "56e751fb00c9c71400d76fac": "The objective is typically accomplished through either an informal or formal approach to learning, including a course of study and lesson plan", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e6f": " teacher may follow standardized curricula", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e70": " students of different ages, from infants to adults, students with different abilities and students with learning disabilities", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e71": " learning disabilities", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e72": "The objective is typically a course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula", "56e7535037bdd419002c3e73": " course of study, lesson plan, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized curricula", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbc": " lazy, inspire the bored, deflate the cocky, encourage the timid, detect and correct individual flaws", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbd": " Pedagogy can be thought of in two manners", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbe": " pedagogy of teaching styles. Second, the pedagogy of the learners comes into play when a teacher assesses the pedagogic diversity", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fbf": " lazy, inspire the bored, deflate the cocky, encourage the timid, detect and correct individual flaws", "56e7542f00c9c71400d76fc0": " lazy, inspire the bored, deflate the cocky, encourage the timid, detect and correct individual flaws", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc6": " teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc7": " teacher", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc8": " specialist teacher", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fc9": " teachers and children", "56e7550700c9c71400d76fca": " teacher", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8b": "platoon\" system", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8c": "platoon\" system", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8d": " teachers", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8e": " teachers", "56e7560937bdd419002c3e8f": " teachers", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e95": "Co-teaching", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e96": " two", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e97": "Co-teaching has also become a new trend amongst educational institutions", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e98": " two or more teachers", "56e756bc37bdd419002c3e99": " new trend amongst educational institutions", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ea9": " corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eaa": " school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eab": " school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3eac": " corporal punishment", "56e7578a37bdd419002c3ead": "Throughout the history of education the most common form of school discipline was corporal punishment", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb3": " lawful", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb4": " United States", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb5": "spanking or paddling", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb6": "spanking or paddling or caning or strapping or birching the student in order to cause physical pain", "56e7586d37bdd419002c3eb7": " lawful in the United States following a US Supreme Court", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fec": "30 US states have banned", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fed": " Alabama", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fee": " Corporal punishment in American schools is administered to the seat of the student's trousers", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76fef": "30 US states have banned corporal punishment", "56e7591b00c9c71400d76ff0": " Alabama", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77000": " corporal punishment", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77001": " individual countries", "56e759bb00c9c71400d77002": " schools in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec7": "Saturday detention\" held at some schools. During detention, students normally have to sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec8": "Saturday detention\" held at some schools. During detention, students normally have to sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ec9": " at some schools. During detention, students normally have to sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3eca": "Saturday detention\" held at some schools. During detention, students normally have to sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay", "56e75a9037bdd419002c3ecb": " sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed1": " Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed2": " Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed3": " Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed4": " Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment", "56e75b8237bdd419002c3ed5": " Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef5": "Whilst this is the consensus viewpoint amongst the majority of academics, some teachers and parents", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef6": "ational style", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef7": "ational style", "56e75d5037bdd419002c3ef8": "ational style", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702c": " commens", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702d": " commensurable with those in Western countries", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702e": " commens", "56e75e4500c9c71400d7702f": " commens", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703a": "50 students", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703b": " concentration", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703c": " sizes", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703d": "Where school class sizes", "56e75f5500c9c71400d7703e": " teachers may concentrate their attention on motivated students, ignoring attention-seeking and disruptive students", "56e7611500c9c71400d77054": " community discipline prevails", "56e7611500c9c71400d77055": " easier and more efficient than anywhere else", "56e7611500c9c71400d77056": "Sudbury model democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority", "56e7611500c9c71400d77057": " authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority", "56e7611500c9c71400d77058": " Sudbury model democratic schools", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f13": " teachers who showed enthusiasm towards the course materials and students can affect a positive learning experience towards the course materials. On teacher/course", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f14": " teachers who showed enthusiasm towards the course materials and students can affect a positive learning experience towards the course materials. On teacher/course", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f15": " teachers who showed enthusiasm towards the course materials and students can affect a positive learning", "56e761d037bdd419002c3f17": " a positive disposition towards the course content tend to transfer their passion", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77072": "Teachers", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77073": " intrinsic", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77074": "Teachers that exhibit enthusiasm can lead to students who are more likely to be engaged, interested, energetic, and curious about learning the subject matter", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77075": "Teachers", "56e762fe00c9c71400d77076": " intrinsic motivation", "56e763e800c9c71400d77086": " Enthusiastic teachers", "56e763e800c9c71400d77087": " Enthusiastic teachers", "56e763e800c9c71400d77088": "motivational embell", "56e763e800c9c71400d77089": "motivational embell", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708e": " school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships. Enthusiastic teachers", "56e764e200c9c71400d7708f": " student-teacher", "56e764e200c9c71400d77090": " school are closely linked to student-teacher", "56e764e200c9c71400d77091": " Useful teacher-to-student interactions are crucial in linking academic success with personal achievement", "56e764e200c9c71400d77092": " Useful teacher", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a2": " stronger relations with teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a4": " teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a5": " teachers", "56e765ba00c9c71400d770a6": " teachers", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f49": " teacher", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4a": " excitement", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4b": " very influential in the young students life", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4c": " excitement in the student as well. An enthusiastic teacher has the ability to be very influential in the young students life", "56e7667e37bdd419002c3f4d": " teacher", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f53": "Misconduct by teachers, especially sexual misconduct, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts. A study by the American Association", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f54": "9.6", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f55": " American Association", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f56": " American Association", "56e7673a37bdd419002c3f57": " American Association", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ca": "80,000 schools to create a stratified two-stage sample design of 2,065 8th to 11th grade students\"Its reliability", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cb": "80,000", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770cd": "80,000", "56e7683d00c9c71400d770ce": "80,000 schools to create a stratified two-stage sample design of 2,065 8th to 11th grade students\"It", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f67": " United States", "56e768ce37bdd419002c3f69": " Debra LaFave, Pamela Rogers, and Mary Kay Letourneau", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e8": " This has led to outrage from child protection and parental rights groups", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770e9": "Chris Keates", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ea": "Chris Keates", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770eb": "Chris Keates, the general secretary of National Association of Schoolmasters Union", "56e769dc00c9c71400d770ec": " pedophile", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f75": "Teachers face several occupational hazards in their line of work, including occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f76": " heavy workload", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f77": "Teachers face several occupational hazards in their line of work, including occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f78": " occupational stress, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance. Stress can be caused by organizational change", "56e76abf37bdd419002c3f79": " Teachers are also at high risk for occupational burnout", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f7f": " twice", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f80": " teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f81": "42%", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f82": " depression", "56e76b8337bdd419002c3f83": " teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710e": " several ways", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d7710f": " occupational hazards of teaching. Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77110": " promotions and bonuses, may be effective in helping to reduce occupational stress among teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77111": " promotions and bonuses, may be effective in helping to reduce occupational stress among teachers", "56e76c6a00c9c71400d77112": " occupational hazards of teaching. Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f93": " Governments may require certification by a recognized body before they can teach in a school. In many countries, elementary school education certificate", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f94": "student-teaching", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f95": "student-teaching", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f96": "student-teaching", "56e76d6537bdd419002c3f97": " teachers around the world. In almost all countries teachers", "56e76de800c9c71400d77122": " secondary education (secondary schools/high schools) and tertiary education (universities and/or TAFE", "56e76de800c9c71400d77123": " three", "56e76de800c9c71400d77124": "universities", "56e76de800c9c71400d77125": "primary schools), followed by secondary education (secondary schools/high schools) and tertiary education (universities", "56e76de800c9c71400d77126": "universities", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9d": " $40,000", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3f9e": " $40,000", "56e76ea737bdd419002c3fa1": " $40,000/year to $90", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712c": " Lehramtstud", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712d": " Germany, teachers are mainly civil servants recruited in special university classes, called Lehramtstud", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712e": " Lehramtstud", "56e76f7000c9c71400d7712f": " Lehramtstud", "56e76f7000c9c71400d77130": " Lehramtstud", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77137": " teaching through the Irish language, in a Gaeltacht area or on an island. The basic pay for a starting teacher", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77138": " \u20ac27", "56e7714a00c9c71400d77139": " \u20ac27", "56e7714a00c9c71400d7713a": " \u20ac27,814 p.a.,", "56e7721500c9c71400d77140": "Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council", "56e7721500c9c71400d77141": "Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council", "56e7721500c9c71400d77142": "2001", "56e7721500c9c71400d77143": " Teaching Council", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbb": "2006", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbc": " Existing staff", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbe": " Existing", "56e772bf37bdd419002c3fbf": " Existing staff", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714a": " \u00a341", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714b": " \u00a341,004 in September 2007, although some salaries can go much higher depending on experience and extra responsibilities. Preschool teachers", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714c": " \u00a341,004 in September 2007, although some salaries can go much higher depending on experience and extra responsibilities. Preschool teachers", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714d": " \u00a341,004 in September 2007, although some salaries can go much higher depending on experience and extra responsibilities. Preschool teachers", "56e773fa00c9c71400d7714e": " September 2007", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd5": " attract people", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd6": " retirements, especially among secondary school teachers", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd7": " retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd8": " Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth", "56e7752337bdd419002c3fd9": " Excellent job opportunities are expected as retirements, especially among secondary school teachers", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715c": " General Teaching Council", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715d": " General Teaching Council", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715e": " seven", "56e775ec00c9c71400d7715f": " General Teaching Council", "56e775ec00c9c71400d77160": " seven", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fdf": " \u00a320,427 for a Probationer, up to \u00a332,583 after 6 years", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe0": " \u00a320,427 for a Probationer, up to \u00a332,583 after 6 years", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe1": " \u00a320,427 for a Probationer, up to \u00a332,583 after 6 years", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe2": " \u00a378,642. Teachers in Scotland can be registered members of trade unions with the main ones being the Educational Institute of Scotland", "56e7770037bdd419002c3fe3": " Deputy Head, and Head teachers", "56e777e500c9c71400d77176": " Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction. Welsh medium education", "56e777e500c9c71400d77177": " Welsh medium education", "56e777e500c9c71400d77178": "22 per cent", "56e777e500c9c71400d77179": "22 per cent", "56e777e500c9c71400d7717a": " Welsh medium education", "56e7788200c9c71400d77180": "Teachers in Wales can be registered members of trade", "56e7788200c9c71400d77181": " teachers", "56e7788200c9c71400d77182": "2005", "56e7788200c9c71400d77183": " ATL, NUT or NASUWT and reports in recent years suggest that the average age of teachers in Wales is falling with teachers", "56e7788200c9c71400d77184": " ATL, NUT or NASUWT", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffd": " public schools", "56e7796637bdd419002c3ffe": " teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years. Public school teachers", "56e7796637bdd419002c3fff": " teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years. Public school teachers", "56e7796637bdd419002c4000": " No Child Left Behind. Additionally, the requirements for substitute/temporary teachers", "56e7796637bdd419002c4001": " teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years. Public school teachers", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718a": " K-12 teachers", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718b": " $51,009", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718c": " $51,009. In a salary survey report for K-12 teachers", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718d": " $51,009. In a salary survey report for K-12 teachers", "56e77a8700c9c71400d7718e": " $51,009. In a salary survey report for K-12 teachers", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77194": " three", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77196": " Russian Orthodoxy", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77197": " graced by God", "56e77b8c00c9c71400d77198": "Eastern) Orthodox Catholic, and Protestant/Non-Denominational, with a stronger tradition of spiritual formation in the more historic and authoritarian/hierarchical Christian", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401d": "LDS Church", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401e": " Church", "56e77c6737bdd419002c401f": " spiritual mentorship in the LDS Church is similar to that in the more \"low-church\" traditions of Protestantism", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4020": " Church", "56e77c6737bdd419002c4021": " Church", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a8": " Hinduism - especially those common in the West - the emphasis on spiritual mentorship is extremely high, with gurus", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771a9": " extremely high, with gurus often exercising a great deal of control over the lives of their disciples", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771aa": " Hinduism - especially those common in the West - the emphasis on spiritual mentorship is extremely high, with gurus", "56e77cee00c9c71400d771ab": " Hinduism", "56e77da237bdd419002c403b": " teachers of Dharma", "56e77da237bdd419002c403c": " phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times, in order to continue their Bodhisattva vow", "56e77da237bdd419002c403d": " teachers of Dharma", "56e77da237bdd419002c403e": " through phowa and siddhi consciously determined to be reborn, often many times", "56e77da237bdd419002c403f": " Tul", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b0": " Sun", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b1": " Sun", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b2": "the teachers", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b3": "the teachers", "56e77e4a00c9c71400d771b4": " Sufism", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf5": " German professor of theology, composer, priest, former monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf6": "18 February 1546", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf7": " freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He proposed an academic discussion of the power and usefulness of indulgences", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf8": " freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He proposed an academic discussion of the power and usefulness", "56f7c651aef2371900625bf9": " freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He proposed an academic discussion of the power and usefulness", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727a": " Lutherans", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727b": " Lutherans", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727c": " Pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge from God and opposed sacerdotalism", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727d": " Lutherans", "56f7c8aba6d7ea1400e1727e": " Lutherans", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17284": " vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17285": " vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17286": " clerical marriage", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17287": " clerical marriage", "56f7cb10a6d7ea1400e17288": " vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728e": "10 November 1483", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e1728f": " Eisleben", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17290": " St. Martin of Tours. His family moved to Mansfeld in 1484, where his father was a leaseholder of copper mines and smelters", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17291": "Martin Luther was born to Hans Luder", "56f7cdc2a6d7ea1400e17292": " Brethren of the Common Life", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c56": " four every morning", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c57": "19, he entered the University of Erfurt, which he later described as a beerhouse and whore", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c58": "1505", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c59": " beerhouse and whore", "56f7e9caaef2371900625c5a": "1501", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cd": " Aristotle, William of Ockham, and Gabriel Biel. He was deeply influenced by two tutors, Bartholomaeus Arnold", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172ce": " theology and philosophy, expressing particular interest in Aristotle", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172cf": " Aristotle, William of Ockham, and Gabriel Biel. He was deeply influenced by two tutors, Bartholomaeus Arnold", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d0": " Aristotle", "56f7eba8a6d7ea1400e172d1": " theology and philosophy, expressing particular interest in Aristotle", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d7": " Luther's sadness", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d8": "17 July 1505", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172d9": " Erfurt", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172da": " Luther's sadness", "56f7eddca6d7ea1400e172db": " Luther's education", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c74": " reflection upon his sins toward the merits of Christ. He taught that true repentance does not involve self-inflicted penances", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c75": " one of deep spiritual despair. He said, \"I lost touch with Christ the Savior and Comforter", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c76": " self-inflicted", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c77": " Christ the Savior and Comforter, and made of him the jailer and hangman of my poor soul.\" Johann von Staupitz", "56f7ef96aef2371900625c78": " sins toward the merits of Christ. He taught that true repentance does not involve self-inflicted", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172eb": "9 March 1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ec": " Peter Lombard", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ed": "9 March 1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ee": "9 March 1508", "56f7f15aa6d7ea1400e172ef": " University of Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb0": "19 October 1512", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb1": "19 October 1512", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb2": " Doctor of Theology and, on 21 October 1512, was received into the senate of the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb3": " University of Wittenberg", "56f7f2e0aef2371900625cb4": " University of Wittenberg", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17367": "1516", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17368": " indulgences, was sent to Germany", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e17369": " Johann Tetzel, a Dominican friar and papal commissioner for indulgences, was sent to Germany by the Roman Catholic Church", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736a": " indulgences", "56f7fde8a6d7ea1400e1736b": " Germany by the Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Roman Catholic theology", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5e": "31 October 1517", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d5f": " Albert of Mainz", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d60": " The Ninety", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d61": " Hans Hiller", "56f7ffadaef2371900625d62": " Hans Hiller", "56f80143aef2371900625d68": " Johann Tetzel that \"As soon as the coin in the coffer rings", "56f80143aef2371900625d69": " \"As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory (also attested as 'into heaven') springs.\"", "56f80143aef2371900625d6a": " Johann Tetzel", "56f80143aef2371900625d6b": " 'into heaven') springs.\"", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17377": " indulgences", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17378": " indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error. Christians, he said, must not slacken", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e17379": " indulgences", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737a": " indulgences absolved buyers from all punishments and granted them salvation were in error. Christians, he said, must not slacken", "56f802c6a6d7ea1400e1737b": " indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d71": " Catholic teaching on indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d72": " indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d73": " indulgences", "56f8046faef2371900625d74": " indulgences", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17387": " G\u00f6tz Trenkler", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17388": " G\u00f6tz Trenkler", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e17389": " comments made by Philipp Melanchthon", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738a": " truth. The story is based on comments made by Philipp Melanchthon, though it is thought that he was not in Wittenberg", "56f80604a6d7ea1400e1738b": " one of the pillars of history", "56f8074faef2371900625d79": " January 1518", "56f8074faef2371900625d7a": " Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin", "56f8074faef2371900625d7b": " the printing press", "56f8074faef2371900625d7c": " two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months", "56f8074faef2371900625d7d": " two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17391": "1520", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17392": " Wittenberg", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17393": "Luther's writings circulated widely, reaching France, England, and Italy", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17394": "1520", "56f8094aa6d7ea1400e17395": " Galatians", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739b": " penance", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739c": " Christianity", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739d": " penance", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739e": " penance", "56f80ad1a6d7ea1400e1739f": " penance", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d83": "Luther", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d84": "1525", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d85": " righteousness of Christ, imputed to Christians (rather than infused into them) through faith. \"That is why faith alone makes someone just and fulfills", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d86": " outside themselves; that righteousness not only comes from Christ but actually is the righteousness", "56f80ccfaef2371900625d87": " God", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8d": "Christ and His salvation\" was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation. His railing against the sale of indulgences", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8e": "Luther's rediscovery of \"Christ and His salvation\" was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation", "56f80e1daef2371900625d8f": "Christ and His salvation\" was the first of two points that became the foundation for the Reformation. His railing against the sale of indulgences", "56f80e1daef2371900625d90": " two", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d95": " Rome. He needed the revenue from the indulgences", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d96": " Rome. He needed the revenue from the indulgences", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d97": " papal dispensation", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d98": " more than one bishop", "56f80fdfaef2371900625d99": " December 1517", "56f811bdaef2371900625d9f": " Luther, which served only to harden the reformer's anti-papal theology", "56f811bdaef2371900625da0": " Luther, which served only to harden the reformer's anti-papal theology", "56f811bdaef2371900625da1": " October 1518", "56f811bdaef2371900625da2": " heresy case", "56f811bdaef2371900625da3": " Luther, which served only to harden the reformer's anti-papal theology", "56f81393aef2371900625da9": " June and July 1519", "56f81393aef2371900625daa": " more conciliatory approach", "56f81393aef2371900625dab": " Altenburg in Saxony, the papal nuncio Karl von Miltitz", "56f81393aef2371900625dac": "iliatory approach", "56f81393aef2371900625dad": " more conciliatory approach", "56f81537aef2371900625db3": "15 June 1520", "56f81537aef2371900625db4": " bull and decretals", "56f81537aef2371900625db5": "10 December 1520", "56f81537aef2371900625db6": " Karl von Miltitz", "56f81537aef2371900625db7": "15 June 1520", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f1": " Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms. This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f2": "18 April 1521", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f3": " Luther appeared as ordered before the Diet of Worms. This was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f4": " Prince Frederick III", "56f8225ea6d7ea1400e173f5": " Prince Frederick III", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fb": "Johann", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fc": " Archbishop of Trier", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fd": " table", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173fe": " about the answer to the second question. He prayed, consulted friends, and gave his response the next day", "56f82454a6d7ea1400e173ff": " their contents.", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17415": "world classic of epoch-making oratory.\"", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17416": " Michael Mullett considers this speech as a \"world classic of epoch-making oratory.\"", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17417": " Luther raised his arm \"in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout.\" Michael Mullet", "56f82549a6d7ea1400e17418": "world classic of epoch-making", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17427": " recant his writings. He is sometimes also quoted as saying: \"Here I stand", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17428": " Mullet", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e17429": " to be unreliable", "56f826a7a6d7ea1400e1742a": " Luther would tend to select the more dramatic form of words.\"", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e17439": "We want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic.\"", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743a": "25 May 1521", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743b": " Emperor presented the final draft of the Edict of Worms", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743c": " anyone in Germany", "56f827caa6d7ea1400e1743d": "We want him to be apprehended and punished as a notorious heretic.\"", "56f82989aef2371900625e6b": " Jacobus Latomus, an orthodox theologian from Louvain", "56f82989aef2371900625e6c": " Louvain", "56f82989aef2371900625e6d": " Jacobus Latomus, an orthodox theologian from Louvain", "56f82989aef2371900625e6e": " Jacobus Latomus, an orthodox theologian from Louvain", "56f82989aef2371900625e6f": " Jacobus Latomus, an orthodox theologian from Louvain", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17457": " every good work designed to attract God's favor is a sin. All humans are sinners", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17458": " every good work designed to attract God", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e17459": "1 August 1521", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745a": " every good work designed to attract God's favor is a sin. All humans are sinners", "56f82b25a6d7ea1400e1745b": " Melanchthon on the same theme: \"Be a sinner", "56f84485aef2371900625f71": " summer of 1521", "56f84485aef2371900625f72": " idolatry", "56f84485aef2371900625f73": " idolatry", "56f84485aef2371900625f74": " idolatry", "56f84485aef2371900625f75": " Require It rejected compulsory confession and encouraged private confession and absolution, since \"every Christian is a confessor.\"", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e17519": " with prophecy, in which he broadened the foundations of the Reformation placing them on prophetic faith", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751a": "1521", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751b": " Little Horn", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751c": " Little Horn", "56f845dba6d7ea1400e1751d": " Little Horn", "56f84760aef2371900625f81": " Martin Luther", "56f84760aef2371900625f82": " June 1521", "56f84760aef2371900625f83": " Andreas Karlstadt, supported by the ex-Augustinian Gabriel", "56f84760aef2371900625f84": " Andreas Karlstadt, supported by the ex-Augustinian Gabriel", "56f84760aef2371900625f85": " Martin Luther", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e1752f": "6 March 1522", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17530": "Invocavit Sermons\".", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17531": " trust God", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17532": "Invocavit Sermons", "56f848e0a6d7ea1400e17533": " eight", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9d": " every day misguided people", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9e": " Jerome", "56f84a60aef2371900625f9f": " truth.\"", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa0": " every day misguided people into the way of the truth.\"", "56f84a60aef2371900625fa1": " Wittenberg jurist Jerome", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa7": " a conservative force within the Reformation", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa8": " working alongside the authorities to restore public order, he signalled his reinvention as a conservative force", "56f84b68aef2371900625fa9": " Zwickau", "56f84b68aef2371900625faa": " a conservative force within the Reformation", "56f84b68aef2371900625fab": " Reformation", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb1": "liberal\"", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb2": "liberal\"", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb3": "1524", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb4": "liberal\" phraseology, now led many peasants to believe he would support an attack on the upper classes", "56f84d33aef2371900625fb5": " Michael Gaism", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc1": " Thieving Hordes", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc2": " widespread burning of convents, monasteries, bishops' palaces, and libraries. In Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc3": " Thuringia", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc4": " some of the peasants' grievances", "56f84e63aef2371900625fc5": " Thieving Hordes", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754b": " three", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754c": "Render unto Caesar", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754d": "Render unto Caesar", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754e": " Divine Right", "56f8507fa6d7ea1400e1754f": "Render unto Caesar", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755d": " weapons", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755e": " Swabian League", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e1755f": "15 May 1525", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17560": " Luther's Reformation", "56f851b1a6d7ea1400e17561": "Without Luther's backing for the uprising, many rebels laid down their weapons; others felt betrayed. Their defeat by the Swabian League", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756d": " Wenceslaus Link", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756e": " herring barrels", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e1756f": "41 years", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17570": "41 years", "56f852fba6d7ea1400e17571": " April 1523", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17577": "13 June 1525", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17578": "13 June 1525", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e17579": " Bugenhagen. The ceremonial walk to the church and the wedding banquet", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757a": "13 June 1525", "56f8541da6d7ea1400e1757b": " Johannes Bugenhagen, Justus Jonas", "56f855caaef2371900625ff3": " Andreas Karlstadt and Justus Jonas, but Luther's wedding", "56f855caaef2371900625ff4": " Andreas Karlstadt", "56f855caaef2371900625ff5": " I daily expect", "56f855caaef2371900625ff6": " seal of approval on clerical marriage", "56f855caaef2371900625ff7": " seal of approval on clerical marriage", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffd": " June 1526", "56f8575aaef2371900625ffe": "The Black Cloister,\" a wedding present from the new elector John the Steadfast (1525\u201332", "56f8575aaef2371900625fff": " six", "56f8575aaef2371900626000": "My Katie is in all things so obliging and pleasing to me that I would not exchange my poverty for the riches of Croesus", "56f8575aaef2371900626001": " obliging and pleasing to me that I would not exchange my poverty for the riches of Croesus", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175af": " unworkable. According to Bainton: \"Luther's dilemma was that he wanted both a confessional church based on personal faith", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b0": " ministers had proved unworkable. According to Bainton: \"Luther's dilemma was that he wanted both a confessional church", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b1": " supervisory church", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b2": " supervisory church body, laid down a new form of worship service", "56f8599aa6d7ea1400e175b3": " two catechisms", "56f85bb8aef237190062600f": " church government", "56f85bb8aef2371900626010": " Electorate of Saxony", "56f85bb8aef2371900626011": " church government", "56f85bb8aef2371900626012": " Melanchthon with Luther's approval, stressed the role of repentance", "56f85bb8aef2371900626013": " church government", "56f85cf0aef2371900626019": "1526", "56f85cf0aef237190062601a": " Luther based his order on the Catholic service but omitted \"everything that smacks", "56f85cf0aef237190062601b": " Luther incorporated religious instruction into the weekday services in the form of the catechism", "56f85cf0aef237190062601c": " wine", "56f85cf0aef237190062601d": " wine", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c3": "1527", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c4": " Christian doctrine ... and unfortunately many pastors are well-nigh unskilled", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c5": " Electorate of Saxony", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c6": "the common people knowing nothing at all of Christian doctrine ... and unfortunately many pastors are well-nigh unskilled and incapable of teaching.\"", "56f85e71a6d7ea1400e175c7": " Electorate of Saxony", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cd": " pastors and teachers, as well as a synopsis, the Small Catechism", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175ce": "1529", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175cf": " memorised by the people themselves. The catechisms provided easy-to-understand instructional and devotional material on the Ten Commandments", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d0": " pastors and teachers, as well as a synopsis, the Small Catechism", "56f86680a6d7ea1400e175d1": " Christianity to the congregations. In 1529, he wrote the Large Catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d7": " The Small Catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d8": " The Small Catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175d9": " Will and the Catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175da": "The catechism", "56f867e3a6d7ea1400e175db": " The Small Catechism", "56f86966aef2371900626053": "Luther's Small Catechism proved especially effective in helping parents teach their children; likewise the Larger Catechism", "56f86966aef2371900626054": "Luther's Small Catechism", "56f86966aef2371900626055": " pastors", "56f86966aef2371900626056": " pastors", "56f86966aef2371900626057": " pastors", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f5": "1522", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f6": "1522", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f7": "alone\" after \"faith\" in Romans", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f8": "alone\" after \"faith\" in Romans", "56f86b44a6d7ea1400e175f9": "alone\" after \"faith\" in Romans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17605": " Saxon chancellery", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17606": "Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17607": " Saxon chancellery", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17608": " everyday Germans", "56f86d30a6d7ea1400e17609": " northern and southern Germans", "56f86e91aef2371900626067": " German", "56f86e91aef2371900626068": "Published at a time of rising demand for German-language publications, Luther's version quickly became a popular and influential Bible", "56f86e91aef2371900626069": " anti-papal imagery", "56f86e91aef237190062606a": "Published at a time of rising demand for German", "56f86e91aef237190062606b": " King James Bible", "56f87000aef2371900626071": "Ein feste Burg ist unser", "56f87000aef2371900626072": "Ein feste Burg ist unser", "56f87000aef2371900626073": "Ein feste Burg ist unser", "56f87000aef2371900626074": " Germany", "56f87000aef2371900626075": "Luther was a prolific hymn-writer, authoring hymns such as \"Ein feste Burg ist unser", "56f8720eaef237190062608f": "Flung to the Heedless Winds", "56f8720eaef2371900626090": " known in English by John C. Messenger's translation by the title and first line \"Flung to the Heedless Winds", "56f8720eaef2371900626091": "Flung to the Heedless Winds", "56f8720eaef2371900626092": " Maria C. Tiddeman", "56f8720eaef2371900626093": "Flung", "56f87392aef2371900626099": "1524", "56f87392aef237190062609a": "Wir glauben all an einen Gott\" (\"We All Believe", "56f87392aef237190062609b": " vernacular Lutheran", "56f87392aef237190062609c": "Wir glauben all an einen Gott\" (\"We All Believe", "56f87392aef237190062609d": " the perceived difficulty", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e1766f": "1538", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17670": " Luther's explanation of the prayer in the Small Catechism", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17671": "Vater unser im Himmelreich\", corresponds exactly to Luther's explanation of the prayer in the Small Catechism", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17672": "Vater unser im Himmelreich\", corresponds exactly to Luther's explanation of the prayer in the Small Catechism", "56f87531a6d7ea1400e17673": "Vater unser im Himmelreich\", corresponds exactly to Luther's explanation of the prayer in the Small Catechism", "56f87760aef23719006260cc": "1523", "56f87760aef23719006260cd": "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir\" (\"From depths of woe I cry", "56f87760aef23719006260ce": "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir\" (\"From depths of woe I", "56f87760aef23719006260cf": "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich", "56f87760aef23719006260d0": "Aus tiefer Not schrei ich zu dir\" (\"From depths of woe I", "56f879bdaef23719006260de": " German Te Deum", "56f879bdaef23719006260df": "Nun komm", "56f879bdaef23719006260e0": "Luther wrote \"Ach Gott, vom Himmel", "56f879bdaef23719006260e1": " two", "56f879bdaef23719006260e2": "We should now praise Christ\") and Veni Creator Spirit", "56f87e95aef237190062610a": "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan", "56f87e95aef237190062610b": " J. S. Bach, used this rich hymn as a subject for their own work, although its objective baptismal theology", "56f87e95aef237190062610c": "1541 hymn \"Christ unser Herr zum Jordan", "56f87e95aef237190062610d": " Wolf Heintz's four-part setting of the hymn was used to introduce the Lutheran Reformation", "56f87e95aef237190062610e": " Halle", "56f88025aef237190062611e": " First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch", "56f88025aef237190062611f": " four of eight", "56f88025aef2371900626120": " four of eight", "56f88025aef2371900626121": " four of eight", "56f88025aef2371900626122": " First Lutheran hymnal Achtliederbuch", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f3": " W\u00e4r Gott nicht", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f4": " Ach Gott, vom Himmel sie", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f5": "62, Gelobet seist du, Jesu Christ, BWV 91, and Aus tiefer Not schrei ich", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f6": "1707, in his second annual cycle (1724 to 1725", "56f881e3a6d7ea1400e176f7": "1724 to 1725", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fd": " a Christian's soul sleeps", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176fe": " continuity of one's personal identity", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e176ff": " involved Christian souls undergoing penitential suffering after death. He affirmed the continuity of one's personal identity", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17700": " a Christian's soul sleeps", "56f8837aa6d7ea1400e17701": " peace.\"", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17707": " Franz Pieper", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17708": " Johann Gerhard. Lessing (1755) had earlier reached the same conclusion in his analysis of Lutheran orthodoxy", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e17709": " Franz Pieper", "56f884cba6d7ea1400e1770a": "1755", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17723": " hac vita", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17724": " John Jortin", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17725": "1765", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17726": " Francis Blackburne in 1765 argued that John Jortin", "56f88690a6d7ea1400e17727": " a man \"in this life\" (homo enim in hac vita) tired from his daily labour (defatigus diurno labore", "56f88c37aef2371900626176": " October 1529", "56f88c37aef2371900626177": " Philip I, Landgrave", "56f88c37aef2371900626178": " fifteen, the exception being the nature of the Eucharist", "56f88c37aef2371900626179": " fifteen", "56f88c37aef237190062617a": " Landgrave", "56f88eafaef2371900626194": "Hoc est corpus", "56f88eafaef2371900626195": "Hoc est corpus", "56f88eafaef2371900626196": "Hoc est corpus", "56f88eafaef2371900626197": "This is my body\")", "56f88eafaef2371900626198": "Hoc est corpus", "56f8907faef23719006261b2": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b3": " John of Saxony", "56f8907faef23719006261b4": "1530", "56f8907faef23719006261b5": " Schmalkaldic League the following year by leading Protestant nobles such as John of Saxony", "56f8907faef23719006261b6": " John of Saxony", "56f895339e9bad19000a0177": " fideist", "56f895339e9bad19000a0178": " fideist", "56f895339e9bad19000a0179": " human reason \"strives not against faith, when enlightened, but rather furthers and advances it\", bringing claims he was a fideist", "56f895339e9bad19000a017a": " fideist", "56f895339e9bad19000a017b": " human reason \"strives not against faith, when enlightened, but rather furthers and advances it\", bringing claims he was a fideist", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5d": " Christianity", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5e": " Christianity", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c5f": " Luther wrote that Jesus Christ", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c60": " antisemitism", "56f897059b226e1400dd0c61": "1523", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a5": "give to our emperor perpetual victory over our enemies\".", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a6": "ging Vienna", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a7": "ging Vienna with a vast Ottoman army. Luther had argued against resisting the Turks in his 1518 Explanation", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a8": " Marburg Colloquy", "56f8989f9e9bad19000a01a9": " Turk, he was actively urging Emperor Charles V and the German people to fight a secular war", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9d": "Mohammedanism", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9e": "Mohammedanism", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0c9f": "Mohammedanism", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca0": "Mohammedanism\" or \"the Turk\". Though Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil", "56f89a959b226e1400dd0ca1": "Mohammedanism", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022b": " God's gospel, not God's moral law (the Ten Commandments), revealed God's wrath to Christians", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022c": " Agricola", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022d": " six series of theses against Agricola", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022e": " six series of theses against Agricola", "56f8a2969e9bad19000a022f": " Christians. Based on this sermon and others by Agricola, Luther suspected that Agricola was behind certain anonymous antinomian", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0251": " Ten Command", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0252": " the \"second use of the law,\" that is, the law as the Holy Spirit", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0253": " Ten Commandments", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0254": " Ten Command", "56f8a4e99e9bad19000a0255": " Ten Command", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025b": "third use of the law.\"", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025c": " an example, is nothing more than an illustration of the Ten Commandments", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025d": "third use of the law.\"", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025e": " Ten Commandments", "56f8a6969e9bad19000a025f": " an example, is nothing more than an illustration of the Ten Commandments", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da7": " Luther's teaching of the Ten Commandments", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da8": " Ten Commandments", "56f8aa749b226e1400dd0da9": " sacrament of baptism", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02b9": "tell a good, strong lie\" and deny the marriage", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02ba": "tell a good, strong lie\" and deny the marriage", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bb": " Margarethe von der Saale", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bc": " Margare", "56f8ac579e9bad19000a02bd": "tell a good, strong lie\" and deny the marriage", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02eb": " Christianity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ec": " God were equally guilty. As early as 1516, he wrote that many people \"are proud with marvelous stupidity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ed": " Christianity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ee": " Christianity", "56f8ae099e9bad19000a02ef": " Christianity", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e05": "sharp mercy\")", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e06": "1543", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e07": "sharp mercy\")", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e08": "sharp mercy", "56f8afbc9b226e1400dd0e09": "sharp mercy", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3b": " a sermon to urge his parishioners", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3c": " Rosheim, the Jewish spokesman who tried to help the Jews of Saxony", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3d": " Strasbourg to forbid the sale of Luther's anti-Jewish works: they refused initially, but did so when a Lutheran pastor in Hochfeld", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3e": " Saxony", "56f8b2499b226e1400dd0e3f": "1537", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e75": " Dr. E.H. Schulz and Dr. R. Frercks", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e76": "Luther was the most widely read author of his generation, and within Germany he acquired the status of a prophet", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e77": " Julius Stre", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e78": " Nuremberg", "56f8b4d79b226e1400dd0e79": " publicly exhibited in a glass case at the Nuremberg rallies", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a0389": "17 December 1941", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038a": " Daniel Goldhagen", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038b": " Daniel Goldhagen, Bishop Martin Sasse", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038c": " Daniel Goldhagen, Bishop Martin Sasse", "56f8b7189e9bad19000a038d": " yellow badge", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03bf": " a precursor of the racial antisemitism", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c0": " a precursor of the racial antisemitism", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c1": " ahistorical perspective of Nazi antisemitism", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c2": "18th and 19th centuries", "56f8b9839e9bad19000a03c3": " Luther fatefully became one of the 'church fathers' of anti-Semitism", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03db": " Luther and the Protestant Church in Nazi Germany", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dc": " Ronald Berger", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03dd": " Luther's hostile publications towards the Jews and their Jewish religion", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03de": " Ronald Berger", "56f8bbb09e9bad19000a03df": " Luther's hostile publications towards the Jews and their Jewish religion", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eed": "Turks\" (Muslims) and Catholics", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eee": " Politics and Polemics", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0eef": "Turks", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef0": "Turks\" (Muslims) and Catholics", "56f8bd509b226e1400dd0ef1": " Politics and Polemics", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f35": "1980s", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f36": " incite hatred against Lutherans", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f37": " Lutheran Church", "56f8c0cd9b226e1400dd0f38": "1993), wrote in the journal History Today an article on who voted for the Nazis in elections held from 1928-1933", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f45": "1546, his health deteriorated further. The years of struggle with Rome, the antagonisms with and among his fellow reformers", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f46": " Luther had played a leading role, all may have contributed. In 1536, he began to suffer from kidney and bladder stones", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f47": "1531", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f48": " Luther had played a leading role, all may have contributed. In 1536, he began to suffer from kidney and bladder stones", "56f8c2ee9b226e1400dd0f49": " kidney and bladder stones", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f61": " short-tempered and even harsher", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f62": "Dear husband, you are too rude,\" and he responded, \"They are teaching me to be rude.\"", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f63": " short-tempered and even harsher in his writings and comments. His wife Katharina was overheard", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f64": " Luther preached three times in the Market Church in Halle, staying with his friend Justus Jonas", "56f8c43d9b226e1400dd0f65": " three", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7d": " Eisleben", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7e": "15 February 1546", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f7f": " James Mackinnon", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f80": "fiery summons to drive the Jews bag and baggage from their midst, unless they desisted from their calumny", "56f8c5909b226e1400dd0f81": "fiery summons to drive the Jews bag and baggage from their midst, unless they desisted from their calumny", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a0": " Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a1": " Count Albrecht of Mansfeld", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a2": " late 1545", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a3": " late 1545 to participate in the negotiations for a settlement, and a third visit was needed in early 1546", "56f8c7029e9bad19000a04a4": " Count Albrecht of Mansfeld", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c6": "17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c7": " Lord Jesus", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c8": " Lord Jesus", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04c9": "17 February 1546", "56f8c8469e9bad19000a04ca": "17 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e0": " Castle Church in Wittenberg", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e1": "2:45 a.m. on 18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e2": "18 February 1546", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e3": " Castle Church in Wittenberg", "56f8c9719e9bad19000a04e4": " Charles not to disturb", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1007": " beg", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1008": " Latin", "56f8ca289b226e1400dd1009": " German", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0514": " Protestantism", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0515": " squat neck", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0516": "double chin, strong mouth, piercing deep-set eyes, fleshy face, and squat neck.\"", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0517": " Protestantism", "56f8cc399e9bad19000a0518": "1530s and 1540s", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103d": "31 October", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103e": "18 February", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd103f": "31 October", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1040": "18 February", "56f8ce779b226e1400dd1041": "United States) Calendar of Saints", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d4": " SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d5": "10", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d6": "Southern California", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d7": " SoCal", "5705e26d75f01819005e76d8": "eight counties\", based on demographics and economic ties: Imperial, Los Angeles", "5705e33f52bb89140068964c": " megaregion", "5705e33f52bb89140068964d": "11", "5705e33f52bb89140068964e": " megaregion", "5705e33f52bb89140068964f": " Tijuana", "5705e33f52bb891400689650": " megaregion", "5705e3f252bb89140068966a": " Ventura, through the Greater Los Angeles", "5705e3f252bb89140068966b": " three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles area with over 12 million", "5705e3f252bb89140068966c": " three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles area with over 12 million", "5705e3f252bb89140068966d": " San Diego metropolitan area; the Oxnard", "5705e3f252bb89140068966e": " three are heavy populated areas: the Los Angeles area with over 12 million", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7704": " Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7705": " Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7706": " Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", "5705e4fe75f01819005e7707": " Colorado Desert and the Colorado River", "5705e63175f01819005e7720": " southern California", "5705e63175f01819005e7721": "3,792", "5705e63175f01819005e7722": " southern California", "5705e63175f01819005e7723": " Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as three of the country's largest metropolitan areas. With a population of 3,792", "5705e63175f01819005e7724": " southern California", "5705e99452bb891400689688": "Its counties of Los Angeles", "5705e99452bb891400689689": " San Diego, San Bernardino", "5705e99452bb89140068968a": "Its counties of Los Angeles", "5705e99452bb89140068968b": "Its counties of Los Angeles", "5705e99452bb89140068968c": "Its counties of Los Angeles", "5705eb3375f01819005e7764": " Headquartered in southern California are The Walt Disney Company", "5705eb3375f01819005e7765": " southern California", "5705eb3375f01819005e7766": " Walt Disney Company", "5705eb3375f01819005e7767": " Los Angeles in southern California", "5705eb3375f01819005e7768": " motion picture industry. Headquartered in southern California are The Walt Disney Company", "5705ec1675f01819005e776e": " southern California", "5705ec1675f01819005e776f": " Volcom, Quiksilver", "5705ec1675f01819005e7770": " Companies such as Volcom, Quiksilver, No Fear, RVCA, and Body Glove", "5705ec1675f01819005e7771": " surf spots are in southern California", "5705ec1675f01819005e7772": " Volcom, Quiksilver, No Fear, RVCA, and Body Glove", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b8": " southern California", "5705eccb52bb8914006896b9": " resort feel and nearby open spaces", "5705eccb52bb8914006896ba": " southern California coast", "5705eccb52bb8914006896bb": " open spaces", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ca": "southern California", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cb": "37\u00b0 9' 58.23\" latitude, around 11 miles", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cc": "11 miles", "5705edcd52bb8914006896cd": " two areas (northern and southern California", "5705edcd52bb8914006896ce": " two areas (northern and southern California", "5705eee952bb8914006896de": " northern boundary of southern California", "5705eee952bb8914006896df": " northern boundary of southern California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e0": " northern boundary of southern California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e1": " northern boundary of southern California", "5705eee952bb8914006896e2": " Monterey in the upper part and Los Angeles", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a4": " southern California attempted three times in the 1850s to achieve a separate statehood or territorial status separate from Northern California", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a5": " Abraham Lincoln", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a6": " three", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a7": "75%", "5705f09e75f01819005e77a8": " Pico Act", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f0": " San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f1": "1900", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f2": "1900", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f3": "the seven counties of Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, Ventura and Santa Barbara.\"", "5705f13d52bb8914006896f4": " seven", "5705f36452bb891400689718": "The state is most commonly divided and promoted by its regional tourism groups as consisting of northern, central, and southern California regions", "5705f36452bb891400689719": " northern, central, and southern California regions. The two AAA Auto Clubs of the state, the California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California", "5705f36452bb89140068971a": " northern, central, and southern California regions. The two AAA Auto Clubs of the state, the California State Automobile Association and the Automobile Club of Southern California", "5705f36452bb89140068971b": " California State Automobile Association", "5705f36452bb89140068971c": " southern California", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dc": " Baja California", "5705f7c875f01819005e77dd": " over into Baja California", "5705f7c875f01819005e77de": " San Diego\u2013Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California", "5705f7c875f01819005e77df": " San Diego\u2013Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California", "5705f7c875f01819005e77e0": "Southern California", "5705fb7f52bb891400689750": "Traveling south on Interstate 5, the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pendleton", "5705fb7f52bb891400689751": " Los Angeles County", "5705fb7f52bb891400689752": " Interstate 5, the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pend", "5705fb7f52bb891400689753": " Los Angeles", "5705fb7f52bb891400689754": " Interstate 5", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976a": " Mediterranean climate", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976b": " Southern California", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976c": "90-60", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976d": "90-60", "5705fc3a52bb89140068976e": "90-60", "5705fd8475f01819005e7841": " Pacific Ocean", "5705fd8475f01819005e7840": "Southern California", "5705fd8475f01819005e7842": " Pacific Ocean islands", "5705fd8475f01819005e7843": " Pacific Ocean", "5705fd8475f01819005e7844": " Pacific Ocean", "5705fec152bb89140068977a": "10,000", "5705fec152bb89140068977b": " $20 billion", "5705fec152bb89140068977c": "15\u201320 are greater than magnitude 4.0. The magnitude 6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake", "5705fec152bb89140068977d": "15\u201320 are greater than magnitude 4.0. The magnitude 6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake", "5705fec152bb89140068977e": " $20 billion", "5705ffde52bb891400689784": " San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689785": " San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689786": " San Jacinto Fault, the Puente Hills Fault, and the Elsinore Fault Zone", "5705ffde52bb891400689787": " San Andreas Fault", "5705ffde52bb891400689788": " Elsinore Fault Zone. The USGS has released a California Earthquake forecast which models Earthquake occurrence in California", "570602fa52bb89140068979e": " southern California", "570602fa52bb89140068979f": " whole combine to create the southern California", "570602fa52bb8914006897a0": " southern California", "570603c475f01819005e7882": "10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7883": "22,680", "570603c475f01819005e7884": "22,680,010. Despite a reputation for high growth rates, southern California's rate grew less than the state average of 10.0%", "570603c475f01819005e7885": "22,680,010. Despite a reputation for high growth rates, southern California", "570603c475f01819005e7886": " southern California has a population of 22,680,010. Despite a reputation for high growth rates, southern California", "5706074552bb8914006897d4": " El Centro metropolitan area and San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos", "5706074552bb8914006897d5": " eight", "5706074552bb8914006897d6": " Greater Los Angeles", "5706074552bb8914006897d7": " Greater Los Angeles", "5706074552bb8914006897d8": "Southern California", "570607f575f01819005e78b4": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b5": "Los Angeles", "570607f575f01819005e78b6": "3.7 million", "570607f575f01819005e78b7": " San Bernardino", "570607f575f01819005e78b8": " southern California", "5706094b52bb8914006897de": "Southern California", "5706094b52bb8914006897df": " petroleum", "5706094b52bb8914006897e0": " petroleum, as opposed to other regions where automobiles not nearly as dominant, the vast majority of transport runs on this fuel. Southern California is famous for tourism", "5706094b52bb8914006897e1": "Southern California", "5706094b52bb8914006897e2": " petroleum", "57060a1175f01819005e78d2": "1920s", "57060a1175f01819005e78d3": " farmlands were turned into suburbs. Although military spending cutbacks", "57060a1175f01819005e78d5": " suburbs", "57060a1175f01819005e78d4": " manufacturing have been major industries. In one of the richest agricultural regions", "57060a1175f01819005e78d6": " petroleum and aircraft", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f8": "Southern California", "57060a6e52bb8914006897f9": "Southern California", "57060a6e52bb8914006897fa": " Downtown Los Angeles", "57060cc352bb89140068980e": " Downtown", "57060cc352bb89140068980f": " Downtown Los Angeles central business district as well as those lining the Wilshire Boulevard Miracle Mile including Century City, Westwood and Warner Center", "57060cc352bb891400689810": " Los Angeles Area are the major business districts of Downtown", "57060cc352bb891400689811": " Los Angeles Area are the major business districts of Downtown Burbank, Downtown Santa Monica", "57060df252bb891400689820": " Downtown San Bernardino", "57060df252bb891400689821": " San Bernardino and Downtown", "57060df252bb891400689822": " San Bernardino-Riverside area maintains the business districts of Downtown San Bernardino, Hospitality Business/Financial Centre, University Town which are in San Bernardino and Downtown", "57060eaf75f01819005e7910": " South Coast Metro and Newport Center", "57060eaf75f01819005e7911": " University of California", "57060eaf75f01819005e7912": "Orange County is a rapidly developing business center that includes Downtown Santa Ana, the South Coast Metro and Newport Center", "57060eaf75f01819005e7913": " Irvine Tech Center", "57060eaf75f01819005e7914": " University of California", "57060f3e75f01819005e7922": " Carmel Valley", "57060f3e75f01819005e7923": " Carmel Valley", "57060f3e75f01819005e7924": " Carmel Valley", "57060f3e75f01819005e7925": " San Diego, though the city is filled with business districts. These include Carmel Valley", "570610b275f01819005e792a": "Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792b": " international passenger traffic); San Diego International Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792c": "Southern California", "570610b275f01819005e792d": " Van Nuys Airport", "570610b275f01819005e792e": "Southern California is home to Los Angeles International Airport", "5706111a52bb89140068984c": " Metrolink, run out of Downtown Los Angeles", "5706111a52bb89140068984d": "Six of the seven", "5706111a52bb89140068984e": "Six of the seven", "5706111a52bb89140068984f": " Downtown Los Angeles", "570611c475f01819005e793c": "Southern California", "570611c475f01819005e793d": "Southern California", "570611c475f01819005e793e": " Port of Los Angeles", "5706139252bb891400689864": " moniker that has gained use as a descriptor for the region's diversified technology and industrial base", "5706139252bb891400689865": " moniker", "5706139252bb891400689866": " moniker", "5706139252bb891400689867": "5 University of California campuses (Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego); 12 California", "5706139252bb891400689868": "5 University of California campuses (Irvine, Los Angeles, Riverside, Santa Barbara, and San Diego); 12 California", "5706143575f01819005e7950": "Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels", "5706143575f01819005e7951": "Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres", "5706143575f01819005e7952": " Southern California", "5706143575f01819005e7953": "Los Angeles", "5706143575f01819005e7954": "Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres", "5706149552bb891400689880": " LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689881": " two", "5706149552bb891400689882": "2005 to 2014", "5706149552bb891400689883": " LA Galaxy and Chivas USA", "5706149552bb891400689884": "From 2005 to 2014", "570614ff52bb89140068988a": "College sports are also popular in southern California", "570614ff52bb89140068988b": " southern California. The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference", "570614ff52bb89140068988c": "College sports are also popular in southern California. The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans", "570614ff52bb89140068988d": " Pac-12 Conference", "570614ff52bb89140068988e": " southern California. The UCLA Bruins and the USC Trojans both field teams in NCAA Division I in the Pac-12 Conference", "5706155352bb891400689894": "Rugby", "5706155352bb891400689895": " southern California", "5706155352bb891400689896": "Rugby", "57092322efce8f15003a7db0": " Sky plc. The United Kingdom operations also changed the company name from British Sky Broadcasting", "57092322efce8f15003a7db1": " the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting", "57092322efce8f15003a7db2": "1990", "57092322efce8f15003a7db3": " British Sky Broadcasting", "57092322efce8f15003a7db4": " British Sky Broadcasting", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc4": "2007\u201308 season. In May 2006", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc5": " two of the six", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc6": " Sky bid \u00a34.2bn", "57094a79efce8f15003a7dc7": "120 premier league games across the three seasons from 2016. This represented an increase of 70%", "57094b4f9928a814004714f6": " Sky News, Sky Three, and Sky Sports News", "57094b4f9928a814004714f7": " BBC, ITV, Channel 4 and National Grid Wireless", "57094b4f9928a814004714f8": " three", "57094b4f9928a814004714f9": " Sky News, Sky Three, and Sky Sports", "57094b4f9928a814004714fa": " Sky News, Sky Three, and Sky Sports News", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd6": " Sky+ PVR with their service", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd7": " February 2011", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd8": " started to issue the Sky+HD Box", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dd9": " February 2011", "57094ca7efce8f15003a7dda": " Sky+ Box, limited the standard Sky Box to Multiroom upgrade only and started to issue the Sky+HD Box", "57094d489928a8140047150a": "conditional-access", "57094d489928a8140047150b": " NDS, a Cisco Systems company", "57094d489928a8140047150c": " NDS, a Cisco Systems company", "57094d489928a8140047150d": " NDS, a Cisco Systems company", "57094d489928a8140047150e": "conditional-access", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dff": "kyB and Virgin Media", "570953a7efce8f15003a7dfe": "2007", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e00": "substantially more value", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e01": "substantially", "570953a7efce8f15003a7e02": "substantially", "570960cf200fba1400367f01": " SkyDrive cloud storage", "570960cf200fba1400367f02": "2013", "570960cf200fba1400367f03": "OneDrive for Business\".", "570960cf200fba1400367f04": "financial and other terms, the details of which are confidential\". On 27 January 2014, Microsoft announced \"that SkyDrive", "570960cf200fba1400367f05": " English High Court of Justice", "570961aa200fba1400367f15": " Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", "570961aa200fba1400367f16": " Sam Chisholm and Rupert Murdoch", "570961aa200fba1400367f17": "1 September 1993", "570961aa200fba1400367f18": " Rupert Murdoch", "570961aa200fba1400367f19": " four", "570963a5200fba1400367f33": " British Sky Broadcasting or BS", "570963a5200fba1400367f34": " British Sky Broadcasting", "570963a5200fba1400367f35": "11 million", "570963a5200fba1400367f36": " Isleworth", "57096505ed30961900e84082": " Sky Q range consists of three set top boxes (Sky Q, Sky Q Silver and Sky Q Mini), a broadband router", "57096505ed30961900e84083": " Sky Q Mini", "57096505ed30961900e84084": " Sky Q Silver set top boxes with a Wi-Fi or Power-line connection", "57096505ed30961900e84085": "18 November 2015", "57096505ed30961900e84086": "18 November 2015", "570966e0200fba1400367f4f": " Sky Movies and Sky Box", "570966e0200fba1400367f50": " DVB-compliant MPEG-2, with the Sky Movies and Sky Box", "570966e0200fba1400367f51": " MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f52": " MPEG-4", "570966e0200fba1400367f53": " Sky Movies and Sky Box Office", "570967c4ed30961900e840ba": "1998", "570967c4ed30961900e840bb": " Astra 2A", "570967c4ed30961900e840bc": "19.2\u00b0E. This was subsequently followed by more Astra satellites", "570967c4ed30961900e840bd": "19", "570967c4ed30961900e840be": " Astra 2A satellite", "5709686c200fba1400367f77": "31 March 2012", "5709686c200fba1400367f78": "40,000", "5709686c200fba1400367f79": " Thomson", "5709686c200fba1400367f7a": "4,222", "5709686c200fba1400367f7b": "40,000", "57096b66200fba1400367fa7": "8 February 2007", "57096b66200fba1400367fa8": "8 February 2007", "57096b66200fba1400367fa9": " Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367faa": " Virgin Media", "57096b66200fba1400367fab": " Virgin Media", "57096c95200fba1400367fbb": " encrypted content a VideoGuard UK", "57096c95200fba1400367fbc": " monthly subscription (known as free-to-view), some are encrypted and require a monthly subscription", "57096c95200fba1400367fbd": " encrypted content a VideoGuard UK", "57096c95200fba1400367fbe": " monthly subscription, and some are pay-per-view services. To view the encrypted content a VideoGuard UK", "57096c95200fba1400367fbf": "Provided is a universal Ku", "57096e1ced30961900e84102": "1991", "57096e1ced30961900e84103": " \u00a334m per year to keep control of the rights. BSkyB", "57096e1ced30961900e84104": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m", "57096e1ced30961900e84105": " \u00a334m per year to keep control of the rights. BSkyB", "57096e1ced30961900e84106": " \u00a318m to \u00a334m per year", "57096f37200fba1400367fe5": " channels", "57096f37200fba1400367fe6": " \u00a315\u2013100", "57096f37200fba1400367fe7": " \u00a315\u2013100", "57096f37200fba1400367fe8": " \u00a315\u2013100", "57096f37200fba1400367fe9": " \u00a315\u2013100", "57097051ed30961900e84132": "1 October 1998", "57097051ed30961900e84133": " Sky Active, BSkyB", "57097051ed30961900e84134": " Sky", "57097051ed30961900e84135": " Open.... now called Sky Active, BSkyB competed with the ONdigital", "57097051ed30961900e84136": "100,000", "57097141200fba1400367ff9": "2007", "57097141200fba1400367ffa": " NTL", "57097141200fba1400367ffb": " ITV HD trial", "57097141200fba1400367ffc": "HDTV) capable set top box, although from 30 November 2006 until 30 July 2009 it only carried one linear HD", "57097141200fba1400367ffd": " Virgin Media", "57097b50200fba140036804d": "10 million", "57097b50200fba140036804e": "36%", "57097b50200fba140036804f": "10 million homes in 2010", "57097b50200fba1400368050": "36%", "57097b50200fba1400368051": "-TV platform in to achieve that milestone. Confirming it had reached its target, the broadcaster said its reach into 36%", "57097c8fed30961900e841f2": "essentials\".", "57097c8fed30961900e841f3": " checking claimants", "57097c8fed30961900e841f4": "\u2019, along with alcohol, tobacco and gambling. Conservative MP Alec Shelbrooke was proposing the payments of benefits and tax credits on a \"Welfare Cash", "57097c8fed30961900e841f5": " checking claimants", "57097c8fed30961900e841f6": "essentials\".", "57097d63ed30961900e841fc": " \u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fd": " \u00a330m", "57097d63ed30961900e841fe": " carriage fees", "57097d63ed30961900e841ff": " carriage fees", "57097d63ed30961900e84200": " \u00a330m", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3d": " service sectors including financial and property services", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3e": " second in Australia", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c3f": " second in Australia", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c40": " service sectors including financial and property services", "570d2417fed7b91900d45c41": "GSP) is ranked second in Australia, although Victoria is ranked fourth", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c47": " New South Wales", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c48": " New South Wales", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c49": " Lambing Flat riots in New South Wales", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4a": "1,000", "570d2556fed7b91900d45c4b": " cramped", "570d26efb3d812140066d48f": " Victorian Parliament", "570d26efb3d812140066d490": " five", "570d26efb3d812140066d491": " eight", "570d26efb3d812140066d492": " Victorian Parliament", "570d26efb3d812140066d493": " five representatives elected by Single Transferable", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a3": " centre-left Australian Labor Party", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a4": " Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a5": " Australian Greens are Victoria", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a6": " Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong", "570d28bdb3d812140066d4a7": " Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bd": "About 61.1%", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4be": "61.1", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4bf": " Hinduism", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c0": "61.1", "570d29c2b3d812140066d4c1": "168,637 members as of the most recent census. Victoria is also home of 152,775 Muslims and 45,150", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c93": " south-east of Australia", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c94": " Bass Strait", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c95": " Bass Strait", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c96": "abbrev", "570d2af0fed7b91900d45c97": " Port Phillip Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca7": " Koori", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca8": "1803", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45ca9": " Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45caa": " Sullivan Bay", "570d2c20fed7b91900d45cab": "1788, Victoria was included in the wider colony of New South Wales. The first settlement in the area occurred in 1803", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbb": "50%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbc": "50%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbd": "50%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbe": "50%", "570d2d68fed7b91900d45cbf": "More than 26,000", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45ccf": "1975", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd0": " the 1855 colonial constitution", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd1": " United Kingdom Parliament", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd2": "entrenched", "570d2f5bfed7b91900d45cd3": " United Kingdom Parliament", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce3": " hot winds", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce4": " hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 \u00b0C (90 \u00b0F)", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce5": " warmest regions", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce6": " hot winds blowing from nearby semi-deserts. Average temperatures exceed 32 \u00b0C", "570d30fdfed7b91900d45ce7": "7 February 2009", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d01": " state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d02": " state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d03": " parish schools run by the Roman Catholic Church and independent schools similar to British public schools", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d04": " state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education", "570d32e4fed7b91900d45d05": " state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Victoria Department of Education . Students do not pay tuition fees", "570d3468b3d812140066d543": " Australia will no longer be a base for the global car industry", "570d3468b3d812140066d544": " February 2014", "570d3468b3d812140066d545": " February 2014", "570d3468b3d812140066d546": " February 2014", "570d3468b3d812140066d547": " Holden's announcement occurred in May 2013, followed by Ford's decision in December of the same year (Ford's Victorian plants", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54d": "2,000", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54e": " Murray River", "570d35b7b3d812140066d54f": "2,000", "570d35b7b3d812140066d550": " Ovens River, Goulburn River", "570d35b7b3d812140066d551": " geologically and climatically diverse areas, ranging from the wet, temperate climate", "570d391fb3d812140066d575": " northeast are the coldest part of Victoria. The Alps are part of the Great Dividing Range mountain system extending east-west through the centre of Victoria", "570d391fb3d812140066d576": " Victorian Alps", "570d391fb3d812140066d577": " winter", "570d391fb3d812140066d578": "9 \u00b0C", "570d391fb3d812140066d579": " less than 9 \u00b0C", "570d4030fed7b91900d45d9f": " V/Line which is now owned by the Victorian Government", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da0": " Victorian Government, operates a concentrated service to major regional centres, as well as long distance services on other lines; Pacific National, CFCL Australia", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da1": " private and public railway operators", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da2": " private and public railway operators", "570d4030fed7b91900d45da3": " private and public railway operators", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbd": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbe": "37", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dbf": "the lower house) and the Legislative Council (the upper house). Victoria is currently governed by the Labor Party", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc0": "the lower house) and the Legislative Council (the upper house). Victoria is currently governed by the Labor Party", "570d418dfed7b91900d45dc1": " Daniel Andrews the current Premier. The personal representative of the Queen of Australia in the state is the Governor of Victoria, currently Linda Dessau. Local government", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd7": "1 July 1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd8": "1 July 1851", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dd9": " Ballarat", "570d4329fed7b91900d45dda": "76,000", "570d4329fed7b91900d45ddb": "76,000", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fd": "489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d5fe": "489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools, and just over 311,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d5ff": "489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools, and just over 311,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d600": "489 Catholic schools and 214 independent schools. Just under 540,800 students were enrolled in public schools, and just over 311,800", "570d44abb3d812140066d601": " Over 61", "570d4606b3d812140066d619": " dairy farming", "570d4606b3d812140066d61a": "60% of Australia's 3 million", "570d4606b3d812140066d61b": "60%", "570d4606b3d812140066d61c": "60% of Australia's 3 million dairy cattle and produces nearly two-thirds of the nation's milk, almost 6.4 billion", "570d4606b3d812140066d61d": "60% of Australia's 3 million dairy cattle", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62d": "1,600 mm", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62e": " west of the state have been converted to 1,435 mm", "570d47b8b3d812140066d62f": " numerous tourist railways", "570d47b8b3d812140066d630": " west", "570d47b8b3d812140066d631": " five", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e13": " October 1803", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e14": " New South Wales", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e15": " David Collins", "570d4a6bfed7b91900d45e16": " HMS Calcutta", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e31": "1854", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e33": " miners protesting against mining taxes (the \"Eureka Stockade", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e32": "Eureka Stockade", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e34": " mining taxes", "570d4c3bfed7b91900d45e35": " mining taxes", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66d": " cabinet, sets the legislative and political agenda. Cabinet consists of representatives elected to either house of parliament", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66e": " Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d66f": " Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d670": " Daniel Andrews", "570d4e6cb3d812140066d671": " Daniel Andrews", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7d": " $8.7 billion", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7e": "17%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e7f": "32,463 farms occupied around 136,000", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e80": "17%", "570d50a5fed7b91900d45e81": "32,463 farms occupied around 136,000", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bb": " cultural tourism and sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bc": " sports tourism", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bd": " Melbourne", "570d529fb3d812140066d6be": " Phillip Island", "570d529fb3d812140066d6bf": " cultural tourism and sports tourism", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699e": " southern and central parts of France, about one-eighth the number of French Catholics", "57105da9a58dae1900cd699f": " Wars of Religion", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a0": "1562 to 1598", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a1": " Huguenots", "57105da9a58dae1900cd69a2": " Huguenots substantial religious", "57106185b654c5140001f8db": " Geneva was John Calvin", "57106185b654c5140001f8dd": " Geneva was John Calvin", "57106185b654c5140001f8dc": " Huis", "57106185b654c5140001f8de": " Geneva was John Calvin", "57106185b654c5140001f8df": "1532", "57106644b654c5140001f8e5": " Reformed church in France. The country had a long history of struggles with the papacy by the time the Protestant Reformation", "57106644b654c5140001f8e6": "1487", "57106644b654c5140001f8e7": " Guyard de Moulin", "57106644b654c5140001f8e8": " Protestant Reformation", "57106644b654c5140001f8e9": " Protestant movement and development of the Reformed church in France", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8ef": " Huguenots. The city's political institutions and the university were all handed over to the Huguenots", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f0": " Huguenots", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f2": " Huguenots", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f1": "1598", "57106d2fb654c5140001f8f3": "1622", "571077ecb654c5140001f909": " Cape of Good Hope", "571077ecb654c5140001f90a": " Maria de la Queillerie, wife of commander Jan van Riebee", "571077ecb654c5140001f90b": " Maria de la Queillerie, wife of commander Jan van Riebee", "571077ecb654c5140001f90c": " Maria de la Queillerie, wife of commander Jan van Riebee", "571077ecb654c5140001f90d": "31 December 1687", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ca": "1624", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cb": "Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jess\u00e9 de Forest", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cc": " L'\u00c9glise fran\u00e7aise \u00e0 la Nouvelle-Amsterdam", "57107932a58dae1900cd69cd": " New France", "57107932a58dae1900cd69ce": " New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69df": " Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e1": " Charlemagne", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e2": " North America", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69e0": "1685", "57107a3ea58dae1900cd69de": " Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e8": " William III", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69e9": " Louis and the French state. Consequently, many Huguenots considered the wealthy and Calvin", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ea": "Stadtholder William III", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69eb": " Louis XIV, as the most attractive country for exile after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. They also found many French-speaking Calvinist", "57107c24a58dae1900cd69ec": "1672", "57107d73b654c5140001f91d": "Renewed religious warfare", "57107d73b654c5140001f91e": "1620s", "57107d73b654c5140001f91f": " Louis XIV", "57107d73b654c5140001f920": "500,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f2": " St. Bartholomew's Day", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f3": " St. Bartholomew's Day", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f4": "5,000 to 30,000", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f5": " they attempted to meet for worship", "57107e6ca58dae1900cd69f6": " St. Bartholomew's Day", "57108073b654c5140001f927": " between 1621 and 1629", "57108073b654c5140001f926": " southwestern France", "57108073b654c5140001f928": " Louis XIII, under the regency of his Italian Catholic mother Marie de' Medici, became more intolerant of Protestantism", "57108073b654c5140001f929": " Louis XIII", "57108073b654c5140001f925": " Huguenot", "57108198b654c5140001f937": "Approximately one million", "57108198b654c5140001f938": "2%", "57108198b654c5140001f939": "Approximately", "57108198b654c5140001f93a": " Huguenot Society", "57108198b654c5140001f93b": "Approximately", "57108c95b654c5140001f979": " New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97a": " New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97b": " New Rochelle", "57108c95b654c5140001f97c": " Staten Island", "57108c95b654c5140001f97d": " New Paltz has been designated a National Historic Landmark site and contains the oldest street in the United States", "57108d69b654c5140001f983": " Fraissinet-de-Loz\u00e8re", "57108d69b654c5140001f984": "75,000", "57108d69b654c5140001f985": "75,000", "57108d69b654c5140001f986": " Fraissinet-de-Loz\u00e8re", "57108d69b654c5140001f987": " Fraissinet-de-Loz\u00e8re", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1a": " Tours that the pr\u00e9tendus", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1b": " haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet (regarded by Roman Catholics as an infamous scoundrel", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1c": " Huguon, the gate of King Hugo, was haunted by the ghost of le roi Huguet (regarded by Roman Catholics", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1d": " Reguier de la Plancha (d. 1560), who in De l'Estat de France", "57108ee6a58dae1900cd6a1e": " Reguier de la Plancha (d. 1560), who in De l'Estat de France", "571090abb654c5140001f995": " Turnagain Lane", "571090abb654c5140001f996": " Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone", "571090abb654c5140001f997": " Turnagain", "571090abb654c5140001f998": " Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone", "571090abb654c5140001f999": " Sandwich, Faversham and Maidstone", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a41": "ors in Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a40": " Huguenot District and French Church Street", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a42": " Dublin", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a43": " the people who settled there. Examples include the Huguenot District and French Church Street in Cork City; and D'Olier Street", "57109180a58dae1900cd6a44": " Huguenot District and French Church Street", "57109275b654c5140001f99f": " exodus of Huguenots", "57109275b654c5140001f9a0": " Huguenots", "57109275b654c5140001f9a1": " Huguenot descent lived in the British colonies, and many participated in the British defeat of New France", "57109275b654c5140001f9a2": " Huguenots from France", "57109275b654c5140001f9a3": "1759", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5c": " Henry IV", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5d": "1598", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5e": " Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a5f": " Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism in favour of Roman Catholicism", "571093aba58dae1900cd6a60": " Henry IV, and having recanted Protestantism", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a66": " Huguenots", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a67": " both government and private agencies to aid their relocation. Those Huguenots who stayed in France became Catholics and were called \"new converts\".", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a68": " Four thousand", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a69": " Catholics, and prohibited emigration", "571094b7a58dae1900cd6a6a": " Huguenots who stayed in France became Catholics", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a76": " Fort Coligny", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a77": "1560", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a78": " Fort Coligny", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a79": "1560", "571095a8a58dae1900cd6a7a": " French colony in South America", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a86": " Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a87": " Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a88": " South Africa", "5710968aa58dae1900cd6a89": " Afrikaans-speaking, have surnames indicating their French Huguenot ancestry", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a98": " Tarleton", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a99": " Henry Laurens, who signed the Articles of Confederation", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9a": " North America worships in Charleston", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9b": " North America worships in Charleston, South Carolina, at a church that dates to 1844. The Huguenot Society", "571097baa58dae1900cd6a9c": " North America worships in Charleston", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab2": "Bucks", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab3": "Bucks Point' demonstrates a Huguenot influence, being a \"combination of Mechlin", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab4": "Bucks", "571098f8a58dae1900cd6ab5": "18th century", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b3": " French speaking", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b4": " French speaking. The Berlin Huguenots", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b5": " to German in protest against the occupation of Prussia", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b6": "1806", "571099b2b654c5140001f9b7": " French speaking. The Berlin Huguenots", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b26": " Great Elect", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b27": " Camisards who were Huguenots ri", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b28": " Catholic Church", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b29": " Camisards who were Huguenots rioted against the Catholic Church", "5710e8c8a58dae1900cd6b2a": "1702 and 1709", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b30": " St. Johns River", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b31": " Menendez", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b32": " Jean Ribault established the small colony of Fort Caroline", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b33": " Menendez", "5710e9f8a58dae1900cd6b34": "1564", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa17": " Ribault's former lieutenant Ren\u00e9 Goulaine de Laudonni\u00e8re", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa18": " Ribault's former lieutenant Ren\u00e9 Goulaine de Laudonni\u00e8re", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa19": " Ribault's former lieutenant Ren\u00e9 Goulaine de Laudonni\u00e8re", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1a": "1562", "5710eb6fb654c5140001fa1b": " Ribault's former lieutenant Ren\u00e9 Goulaine de Laudonni\u00e8re", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3a": " Powhatan County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3b": " Powhatan County", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3c": " Manakin Town", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3d": "20 miles", "5710eca0a58dae1900cd6b3e": "12 May 1705", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2b": " Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the Dutch Revolt (1568\u20131609", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2c": " William the Silent", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2d": " Gaspard de Coligny", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2e": " Gaspard de Coligny", "5710ed7bb654c5140001fa2f": " Gaspard de Coligny", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b60": " Andrew Lortie", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b61": "1708", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b62": "50,000", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b63": " Andrew Lortie", "5710f114a58dae1900cd6b64": " Britain", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b72": " Killeshandra", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b73": " Williamite war in Ireland", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b74": " Williamite war in Ireland", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b75": " Protestants' settling in Ireland. Huguenot regiments fought for William of Orange", "5710f2e2a58dae1900cd6b76": " Protestants' settling in Ireland", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa45": " Count Ludwig von Nassau", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa46": " Count Ludwig von Nassau", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa47": " Huguenot community", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa48": "1604", "5710f4b8b654c5140001fa49": "1604", "5711119cb654c5140001fae3": " England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg", "5711119cb654c5140001fae4": " Protestant European nations such as England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg", "5711119cb654c5140001fae6": " England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg", "5711119cb654c5140001fae5": " England", "5711119cb654c5140001fae7": " England, Wales, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, the Dutch Republic, the Electorate of Brandenburg", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcc": "Hugues hypothesis", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcd": "Hugues hypothesis", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bce": " association with Hugues Capet", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bcf": "Hugues hypothesis", "571112ada58dae1900cd6bd0": " huguenote", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd6": " William Farel was a student of Lefevre", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd7": " University of Paris", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd8": "1523", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bd9": " William Farel was a student of Lefevre who went on to become a leader of the Swiss Reformation", "57111380a58dae1900cd6bda": " Huguenots", "57111428b654c5140001faff": "24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", "57111428b654c5140001fb00": " St. Bartholomew's Day", "57111428b654c5140001fb01": "2,000 and 3,000", "57111428b654c5140001fb02": "In what became known as the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of 24 August \u2013 3 October 1572", "57111429b654c5140001fb03": "25,000", "571114cfb654c5140001fb09": "Louis XIV", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0a": " a fund to financially reward converts to Catholicism", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0b": " financially reward converts to Catholicism", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0c": " financially reward converts to Catholicism", "571114cfb654c5140001fb0d": " financially reward converts to Catholicism", "5711163bb654c5140001fb13": " La Rochelle", "5711163bb654c5140001fb14": " New York", "5711163bb654c5140001fb15": " John Pell", "5711163bb654c5140001fb16": "Bauffet's Point\" after traveling from England", "5711163bb654c5140001fb17": "Bauffet's Point", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c00": " more numerous members. The Huguenots adapted quickly and often married outside their immediate French", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c01": " more numerous members", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c02": " E.I. du Pont, a former student of Lavoisier", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c03": " more", "57111713a58dae1900cd6c04": " Huguenots", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0a": " Pierre Bayle", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0b": " the Netherlands was Pierre Bay", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0c": " Huguenots", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0d": " Huguenots", "571117d4a58dae1900cd6c0e": " Pierre Bayle", "57111992b654c5140001fb43": " Royal Charter", "57111992b654c5140001fb44": "1724", "57111992b654c5140001fb45": " Black Eagle", "57111992b654c5140001fb46": " Royal Charter", "57111992b654c5140001fb47": "1550", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3c": " Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3d": " Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3e": " Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c3f": " Altpreu\u00dfische Infantry Regiments", "57111ab8a58dae1900cd6c40": " Altpreu\u00dfische Infantry Regiments", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c50": " German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizi\u00e8re", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c51": " German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizi\u00e8re", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c52": " German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizi\u00e8re", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c53": "Frederick William, Elector", "57111b95a58dae1900cd6c54": " German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizi\u00e8re", "57112686b654c5140001fbd3": " solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy", "57112686b654c5140001fbd4": " Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd5": " Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd6": " Rankine cycle", "57112686b654c5140001fbd7": " external combustion engines", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb2": " steam pump", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb3": " Thomas Newcomen", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb4": "1712", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb5": " atmospheric engine", "571126dfa58dae1900cd6cb6": " Thomas Newcomen", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc4": " north-east England", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc5": "21 February 1804", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc6": " Pen-y-darren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon in south Wales", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc7": " north-east England", "571127a5a58dae1900cd6cc8": " north-east England", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0e": " Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps; however, other types are used. Another means of supplying lower-pressure boiler", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d0f": " Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps; however, other types are used. Another means of supplying lower-pressure boiler", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d10": "1850s", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d11": " Utility and industrial boilers commonly use multi-stage centrifugal pumps; however, other types are used. Another means of supplying lower-pressure boiler", "571135b8a58dae1900cd6d12": " water pump", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d18": " three or four", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d19": " triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1a": "19th century", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1b": " triple and quadruple expansion engines", "57113639a58dae1900cd6d1c": " triple and quadruple expansion engines", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d22": " Walschaerts", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d23": " Walschaerts", "571136b8a58dae1900cd6d24": " fixed or limited cutoff", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc1f": "Lead fus", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc20": " The plugs are also too small in area to lower steam pressure significantly, depressurizing the boiler", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc21": " depressurizing the boiler", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc22": " lower steam pressure significantly, depressurizing the boiler", "57113ba6b654c5140001fc23": " depressurizing the boiler", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d28": " James Watt", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d29": " sited anywhere that water and coal or wood", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2a": "10,000", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2b": "1781", "57113be3a58dae1900cd6d2c": "10,000", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d32": "1551 and by Giovanni Branca in 1629. Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont received patents in 1606", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d33": " Giovanni Branca in 1629. Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Bea", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d34": " steam engine stretches", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d35": " Giovanni Branca in 1629. Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont", "57113c6da58dae1900cd6d36": "1551 and by Giovanni Branca in 1629. Jer\u00f3nimo de Ayanz y Beaumont received patents in 1606", "57113f83b654c5140001fc29": " Compound engines", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2a": " expansions, with double and triple expansion", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2b": " shipping where efficiency was important to reduce the weight of coal", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2d": " triple", "57113f83b654c5140001fc2c": " Compound engines", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5a": " steam turbines starting", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5b": " late part of the 19th century. Steam", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5c": " Steam turbines virtually replaced reciprocating engines in electricity", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5d": "90%", "571142b3a58dae1900cd6d5e": " steam turbines starting in the late part of the 19th century. Steam turbines are generally more efficient than reciprocating piston type", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6e": " geothermal energy", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d6f": " steam can be derived from various sources, most commonly from burning combustible materials with an appropriate supply of air", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d70": " toy steam engines", "571144d1a58dae1900cd6d71": " nuclear reactor", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d80": " steam engine indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d81": "1851", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d82": " steam engine indicator", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d83": " Charles Richard and exhibited", "57114667a58dae1900cd6d84": " London", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8a": "90\u00b0 out of phase", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8b": " balanced at 180\u00b0, the groups being set at 90\u00b0 to each other. In one case (the first type of Vauclain", "5711475ca58dae1900cd6d8c": "90\u00b0 out of phase", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3d": " valves often working inside a steam chest adjacent to the cylinder; the valves distribute the steam by opening and closing steam ports communicating", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3e": " four", "5711488ab654c5140001fc3f": " four", "5711488ab654c5140001fc40": " four", "5711488ab654c5140001fc41": " steam ports communicating", "57114aceb654c5140001fc47": "Uniflow engines", "57114aceb654c5140001fc48": " steam flow only in one direction. By this means, the simple-expansion uniflow engine gives efficiency equivalent to that of classic compound systems", "57114aceb654c5140001fc49": " uniflow rotary steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955575": "trunnion). These engines are mainly used in toys and models, because of their simplicity, but have also been used in full size", "57114b1a2419e31400955576": " cylinder steam engine", "57114b1a2419e31400955577": " holes in a fixed port face or in the pivot mounting (trunnion", "57114b1a2419e31400955578": " cylinder", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a53": " non-toxic and unreactive chemistry", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a54": "The working fluid in a Rankine cycle can operate as a closed loop system", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a55": " boiler is supplied. Normally water is the fluid of choice due to its favourable properties, such as non-toxic and unreactive chemistry", "57114dfb50c2381900b54a56": " boiler is supplied. Normally water is the fluid of choice due to its favourable properties, such as non-toxic and unreactive chemistry", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5b": " Rankine cycle", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5c": "63%", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5d": "63%", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5f": "63%", "57114e8d50c2381900b54a5e": "63%", "57114f0050c2381900b54a65": "Steam engines", "57114f0050c2381900b54a66": " powering pumping stations; and propelling transport appliances such as railway locomotives, ships, steamboats and road vehicles", "57114f0050c2381900b54a67": " railway locomotives, ships, steamboats and road vehicles. Their use in agriculture", "57114f0050c2381900b54a68": " mines; powering pumping stations; and propelling transport appliances such as railway locomotives, ships, steamboats and road vehicles", "57114f0050c2381900b54a69": " agriculture", "571153422419e3140095557d": " Locomotion for the Stockton and Darlington Railway", "571153422419e3140095557e": " Matthew Murray", "571153422419e3140095557f": "Trevithick", "571153422419e31400955580": " steam power", "571153422419e31400955581": " steam power", "5711541350c2381900b54a6f": " British engineer Arthur Woolf", "5711541350c2381900b54a70": " British engineer", "5711541350c2381900b54a71": " less expansion now occurs in each cylinder less heat", "5711541350c2381900b54a72": " lower-pressure steam requires a larger cylinder volume", "571154c72419e31400955587": "90%", "571154c72419e31400955588": " steam turbines)", "571154c72419e31400955589": " turbine rotation", "571154c72419e3140095558a": " steam turbines) however the recent widespread application of large gas turbine", "571154c72419e3140095558b": " steam turbines) however the recent widespread application of large gas turbine", "571155ae2419e31400955591": " simple power production, and utilizes the phase change of water (boiling water producing steam, condensing exhaust steam, producing liquid water))", "571155ae2419e31400955592": " William John Macquorn Rankine", "571155ae2419e31400955593": "1990s", "571155ae2419e31400955594": " Rankine steam cycles generated about 90% of all electric power used throughout the world, including virtually all solar, biomass, coal and nuclear power plants", "571155ae2419e31400955595": " Rankine cycle", "571156152419e3140095559b": " Watt", "571156152419e3140095559f": "5 million", "571156152419e3140095559e": " steam engine's energy efficiency", "571156152419e3140095559d": " steam engine's energy efficiency", "571156152419e3140095559c": " Watt in order to illustrate how much more efficient his engines were over the earlier Newcomen", "57115ac550c2381900b54a77": "Reciprocating piston type steam engines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a78": "Reciprocating piston", "57115ac550c2381900b54a79": " turbine type steam engines", "57115ac550c2381900b54a7a": " internal combustion engines", "57115b2850c2381900b54a7f": " Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a80": " water pump", "57115b2850c2381900b54a81": "1698", "57115b2850c2381900b54a82": " Thomas Savery", "57115b2850c2381900b54a83": " Thomas Savery", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a89": " Richard Trevithick", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8a": " Richard Trev", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8b": "1801 introduced engines using high-pressure steam; Trevithick obtained his high-pressure engine patent in 1802", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8c": " steam engine as a power source) resulted in the design of more efficient engines that could be smaller, faster", "57115b8b50c2381900b54a8d": " steam engine", "57115bf350c2381900b54a93": " Energiprojekt AB in Sweden has made progress in using modern materials for harnessing the power of steam. The efficiency of Energiprojekt", "57115bf350c2381900b54a94": " Sweden", "57115bf350c2381900b54a95": "27-30", "57115bf350c2381900b54a96": "27-30", "57115bf350c2381900b54a97": "27-30%", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9d": " boiler", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9e": " boiler", "57115c7450c2381900b54a9f": " boiler", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa0": " oceans", "57115c7450c2381900b54aa1": "700", "57115dbe2419e314009555a5": " speed change", "57115dbe2419e314009555a6": " James Watt", "57115dbe2419e314009555a7": " James Watt for use on a steam engine", "57115dbe2419e314009555a8": " speed change", "57115dbe2419e314009555a9": " speed change", "57115e532419e314009555af": "1880", "57115e532419e314009555b0": " industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines", "57115e532419e314009555b1": " industrial units, for road engines and almost universal for marine engines", "57115e532419e314009555b2": "1930", "57115e532419e314009555b3": " afforded by the loading gauge", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa7": " exhaust and compression", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa8": " simplest valve gears", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aa9": " exhaust and compression", "57115f0a50c2381900b54aaa": " saving steam as speed and momentum", "57115f652419e314009555b9": " Thomas Newcomen", "57115f652419e314009555ba": "Using boiling water to produce mechanical motion goes back over 2000 years, but early devices were not practical. The Spanish inventor Jer\u00f3n", "57115f652419e314009555bb": "1606. In 1698", "57115f652419e314009555bc": "2000", "57115f652419e314009555bd": "2000", "57115ff82419e314009555c3": " steam turbine consists of one or more rotors", "57115ff82419e314009555c4": " steam turbine consists of one or more rotors", "57115ff82419e314009555c5": "A steam turbine", "57115ff82419e314009555c6": " steam turbine consists of one or more rotors", "57115ff82419e314009555c7": " rotate at relatively high speed, therefore they are usually connected to reduction gearing", "5711607f2419e314009555cd": " steam power. Recent concerns about fuel sources and pollution", "5711607f2419e314009555ce": " pollution", "5711607f2419e314009555cf": " weight of boilers and condens", "5711607f2419e314009555d0": " Advanced Steam", "5711607f2419e314009555d1": " pollution", "571161092419e314009555d7": " sealing the rotors", "571161092419e314009555d8": " sealing the rot", "571161092419e314009555d9": " sealing the rot", "5711619950c2381900b54aaf": "1763\u20131775", "5711619950c2381900b54ab0": " half as much coal", "5711619950c2381900b54ab1": " half as much coal", "5711619950c2381900b54ab2": " usable force", "5711619950c2381900b54ab3": " usable force", "5711623e50c2381900b54ab9": " two", "5711623e50c2381900b54aba": " adjustable spring-loaded valve, which is locked such that operators may not tamper with its adjustment unless a seal illegally", "5711623e50c2381900b54abb": "Steam engines", "5711623e50c2381900b54abc": " adjustable spring", "5711623e50c2381900b54abd": " adjustable spring", "5711628a2419e314009555dd": "30%", "5711628a2419e314009555de": "1849", "5711628a2419e314009555e1": "30%", "5711628a2419e314009555df": " four", "5711628a2419e314009555e0": "no one invention since Watt's time has so enhanced the efficiency of the steam engine\".", "571163172419e314009555e7": " Watt on a model steam engine", "571163172419e314009555e8": " Watt on a model steam engine", "571163172419e314009555e9": " steam engine contributed much to the development of thermodynamic theory; however, the only applications of scientific theory", "571163172419e314009555ea": " Watt on a model steam engine", "571163172419e314009555eb": " steam and atmospheric pressure and knowledge of properties of heat and steam. The experimental measurements made by Watt on a model steam engine", "5711648850c2381900b54ac3": " Rankine cycle", "5711648850c2381900b54ac4": " compression", "5711648850c2381900b54ac5": "1% to 3%", "5711648850c2381900b54ac6": " pump consumes", "5711651050c2381900b54acb": " coal is used, a chain or screw stoking mechanism", "5711651050c2381900b54acc": " supply water to the boiler", "5711651050c2381900b54acd": " coal is used, a chain or screw stoking mechanism and its drive engine", "5711651050c2381900b54ace": " injector) to supply water", "5711651050c2381900b54acf": " injector) to supply water", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad5": " World War I, the expansion engine dominated marine applications where high vessel speed was not essential. It was however superseded by the British invention steam turbine", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad6": " steam engines", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad7": " HMS Dreadnought of 1905 was the first major warship to replace the proven technology", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad8": " World War", "5711658e50c2381900b54ad9": "1905", "571166352419e314009555f1": " steam turbine", "571166352419e314009555f2": " electric transmission were built experiment", "571166352419e314009555f3": "Virtually all nuclear power plants generate electricity by heating water to provide steam that drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator", "571166352419e314009555f4": "Virtually all nuclear power plants", "571166352419e314009555f5": " Sweden", "5711669550c2381900b54adf": " a practical Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae0": " gaseous", "5711669550c2381900b54ae1": " turbine is used, the TS diagram begins to resemble the Carnot cycle", "5711669550c2381900b54ae2": " heat addition (in the boiler) and rejection (in the condenser) are isobaric", "5711669550c2381900b54ae3": " Carnot cycle", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbd": " mass in the Earth's crust as part of oxide compounds", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbe": "Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc0": " two", "571a484210f8ca1400304fc1": "20.8%", "571a484210f8ca1400304fbf": "Oxygen", "571bb2269499d21900609ca9": "20.8%", "571bb2269499d21900609caa": " chalcogen group", "571bb2269499d21900609cab": " dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8%", "571bb2269499d21900609cad": " mass in the Earth's crust as part of oxide compounds", "571bb2269499d21900609cac": " chalcogen group", "571c3a685efbb31900334db2": " dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O\n2. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20.8%", "571c3a685efbb31900334db3": " O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group", "571c3a685efbb31900334db4": " O and atomic number", "571c3a685efbb31900334db5": " mass in the Earth's crust as part of oxide compounds", "571c3a685efbb31900334db6": " dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94a": " ultraviolet radiation", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94b": " ultraviolet radiation", "571a49de4faf5e1900b8a94c": " ultraviolet radiation", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09c": " proteins, nucleic acids", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09d": " living organisms", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09e": " photosynthesis", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c09f": " ultraviolet radiation", "571c3c47dd7acb1400e4c0a0": " proteins, nucleic acids", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd5": " Robert Boyle proved that air is necessary for combustion. English chemist John Mayow", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd6": " spiritus nitroaere", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd7": " spiritus nitroaere", "571a4b0f10f8ca1400304fd8": "1641", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a6": " spiritus nitroaere", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a7": "us nitroaere", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a8": " late 17th", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0a9": " spiritus nitroaere", "571c3e8cdd7acb1400e4c0aa": " spiritus nitroaere", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a958": "dephlogistic", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a959": "dephlogistic", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95b": " August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571a4d1a4faf5e1900b8a95a": "dephlogistic", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b0": "dephlogistic", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b1": "dephlogistic", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b2": "1775", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b3": " August 1, 1774, an experiment conducted by the British clergyman Joseph Priestley focused sunlight on mercuric oxide", "571c4132dd7acb1400e4c0b4": "dephlogistic", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdd": " Philo of Byzantium", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fde": " classical element fire", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fdf": "2nd century BCE", "571a4ead10f8ca1400304fe0": " Leonardo da Vinci", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0ba": " Philo of Byzantium. In his work Pneumatica", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bb": " classical element fire", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bc": " Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0bd": " Philo of Byzantium", "571c7abfdd7acb1400e4c0be": " classical element fire", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a960": " oxygen with a high oxidative potential, such as peroxides", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a961": " oxygen with a high oxidative", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a962": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid", "571a50df4faf5e1900b8a963": " chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates because they can donate oxygen", "571cebc05efbb31900334e49": "Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion. Fire and explosion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4a": " oxygen with a high oxidative", "571cebc05efbb31900334e48": " Fire and explosion", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4b": " oxygen with a high oxidative", "571cebc05efbb31900334e4c": " chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, and dichromates because they can donate oxygen", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a968": " gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a969": " Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96a": " Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571a52cb4faf5e1900b8a96b": " Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a0": " Steel pipes and storage vessels used to store and transmit both gaseous and liquid oxygen", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a1": " O\n2 systems", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a2": " special training", "571ce9bddd7acb1400e4c1a4": " liquid oxygen", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe6": " carbon dioxide", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe7": " carbon dioxide (CO\n2). The Earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of silicon", "571a53d410f8ca1400304fe5": " large part of oxides", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3e": " carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e3f": " oxygen compounds", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e40": " carbon dioxide", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e41": " oxygen compounds", "571ce7f25efbb31900334e42": " oxygen compounds", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c4": " water's formula was HO, giving the atomic mass of oxygen", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c5": " Avogadro's law and the assumption of diatomic elemental molecules", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c6": " Avogadro's law and the assumption of diatomic elemental", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c7": " oxygen", "571c7d55dd7acb1400e4c0c8": " Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0ce": " phlogiston", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0cf": " iron, contained very little. Air did not play a role in phlogiston theory", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d0": " phlogiston theory", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d1": " iron, contained very little. Air did not play a role in phlogiston theory", "571c8198dd7acb1400e4c0d2": " iron, contained very little. Air did not play a role in phlogiston theory", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d8": " a covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0d9": " covalent double bond that results from the filling of molecular orbitals", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0da": " O-O molecular axis", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0db": " a covalent double bond", "571c83f3dd7acb1400e4c0dc": " O-O molecular axis", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e2": "1773", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e3": "1773", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e4": " oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e5": " oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier", "571c8539dd7acb1400e4c0e6": " oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, whose experiments with oxygen helped to discredit the then-popular phlogiston theory", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ec": " triplet oxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ed": " dioxygen", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ee": " triplet electronic ground state", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0ef": " triplet electronic ground state", "571c879bdd7acb1400e4c0f0": " triplet oxygen", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f6": " air rushed", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f7": " Lavoisier observed that there was no overall increase in weight when tin and air", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f8": " air rushed", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0f9": "1777", "571c8eb9dd7acb1400e4c0fa": " Lavoisier", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c100": " ozone and is a very reactive allotrope", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c101": " ozone and is a very reactive allotrope", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c102": " ozone and is a very reactive allotrope of oxygen", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c103": " pollutant formed as a by-product of automobile exhaust. The metastable molecule tetrao", "571c9074dd7acb1400e4c104": " ozone and is a very reactive allotrope", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10a": " dioxygen, O\n2. It is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere (see Occurrence", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10b": " dioxygen", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10c": " dioxygen", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10d": " dioxygen, O\n2. It is the form that is a major part of the Earth's atmosphere (see Occurrence", "571c91c8dd7acb1400e4c10e": " O2 with any organic molecule. Due to its energy content", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c114": " liquid oxygen was independently developed in 1895 by German engineer Carl von Linde and British engineer William Hampson", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c115": "1891", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c116": "1895", "571c9348dd7acb1400e4c118": " liquid oxygen was independently developed in 1895 by German engineer Carl von Linde and British engineer William Hampson", "571c96095efbb31900334dbc": "Oxygen is more soluble", "571c96095efbb31900334dbd": " water", "571c96095efbb31900334dbe": "4.95 mL per liter. At 5 \u00b0C the solubility increases to 9.0 mL (50%", "571c96095efbb31900334dbf": " water", "571c96095efbb31900334dc0": "1 molecule", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11e": " third most abundant chemical element in the universe", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c11f": " by mass in the Earth", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c120": "49.2%", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c121": " third most abundant chemical element in the universe", "571c97e2dd7acb1400e4c122": "49.2%", "571caac55efbb31900334dc6": " December 22, 1877", "571caac55efbb31900334dc7": " oxygen gas", "571caac55efbb31900334dc8": " Polish scientists from Jagiellonian University, Zygmunt Wr\u00f3blewski and Karol Olszewski", "571caac55efbb31900334dc9": " Swiss chemist and physicist Raoul Pierre Pictet evaporated liquid sulfur dioxide", "571caac55efbb31900334dca": " December 22, 1877", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd0": " Sun's disk of protoplanetary material", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd1": " oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd2": " Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen-16 than does the Earth. The measurement implies that an unknown process depleted oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd3": " oxygen-16 than does the Earth. The measurement implies that an unknown process depleted oxygen-16", "571cac5d5efbb31900334dd4": " solar wind in space and returned by the crashed Genesis spacecraft has shown that the Sun has a higher proportion of oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c128": "Singlet oxygen", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c129": " molecular O\n2", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12a": " molecular oxygen per se. In nature, singlet oxygen is commonly formed from water during photosynthesis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12b": " photosynthesis", "571cb010dd7acb1400e4c12c": "Singlet oxygen", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c132": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c133": "12%", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c134": "12%", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c135": " oxygen", "571cb27fdd7acb1400e4c136": "Paleoclimatologists measure the ratio of oxygen-18 and oxygen-16", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13c": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13d": " characterize plant health status", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13e": " vegetation canopies in those bands to characterize plant health status", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c13f": "687 and 760 nm", "571cbe35dd7acb1400e4c140": " characterize plant health status", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c146": " oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c147": " O\n2 molecules. Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c148": " O\n2 molecules. Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c149": " O\n2 molecules. Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen", "571cc3dedd7acb1400e4c14a": " O\n2 molecules. Liquid oxygen is attracted to a magnet to a sufficient extent that, in laboratory demonstrations, a bridge of liquid oxygen", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dda": " Reactive oxygen species also play an important role in the hypersensitive response of plants against pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddb": "2.5 billion", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddc": " Reactive oxygen species also play an important role in the hypersensitive response of plants against pathogen attack", "571cc5c45efbb31900334ddd": " obligately anaerobic organisms", "571cc5c45efbb31900334dde": "2.5 billion years ago", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de4": "54.36", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de5": "Oxygen cond", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de6": " Rayleigh scattering of blue light). High-purity liquid O\n2 is usually obtained by the fractional distillation", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de7": " Rayleigh scattering of blue light). High-purity liquid O\n2 is usually obtained by the fractional distillation", "571cc6f85efbb31900334de8": " Rayleigh scattering of blue light). High-purity liquid O\n2 is usually obtained by the fractional distillation", "571cc8815efbb31900334dee": " solution in the world's water bodies", "571cc8815efbb31900334def": " solution in the world's water bodies", "571cc8815efbb31900334df0": " to their higher oxygen content", "571cc8815efbb31900334df2": " eutrophication and the decay", "571cc8815efbb31900334df1": " higher oxygen content", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c150": "3.5 billion years ago", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c151": " photosynthetic archaea", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c152": " Paleoproterozoic", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c153": "3.5 billion years", "571cca4add7acb1400e4c154": "3.5 billion years ago", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15a": " photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15b": " photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15c": "1", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15d": " photosynthesis", "571ccc00dd7acb1400e4c15e": " oxygen cycle is photosynthesis", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df8": " stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334df9": "90%", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfa": " O\n2 gas involves passing a stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfb": " stream of clean, dry air through one bed of a pair of identical zeolite molecular sieves", "571ccd9b5efbb31900334dfc": "90%", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c164": " oxides and oxoacids", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c165": " if AC is used, the gases in each limb consist of hydrogen and oxygen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c166": " DC electricity", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c167": " if AC is used, the gases in each limb consist of hydrogen and oxygen", "571ccfbadd7acb1400e4c168": " DC electricity", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16e": " oxygen", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c16f": " establishments, found in Japan, California, and Las Vegas", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c170": " oxygen masks", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c172": " establishments, found in Japan, California, and Las Vegas", "571cd11add7acb1400e4c171": " recreational use in oxygen bars and in sports. Oxygen bars are establishments, found in Japan, California, and Las Vegas", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e03": " anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e04": " anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e05": " anaerobic bacteria", "571cd3b55efbb31900334e06": " anaerobic bacteria", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17b": "Uptake of O\n2 from the air is the essential purpose of respiration, so oxygen supplementation", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17a": " oxygen supplementation is used in medicine. Treatment not only increases oxygen levels in the patient's blood, but has the secondary effect of decreasing resistance", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c179": " gaseous oxygen", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c178": " medicine. Treatment not only increases oxygen levels in the patient's blood, but has the secondary effect of decreasing resistance", "571cd5b1dd7acb1400e4c17c": " gaseous oxygen", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c182": " non-stoichiometric compounds", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c183": " non-stoichiometric compounds", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c184": " aluminium and titanium, are oxidized in the presence of air and become coated with a thin film of oxide", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c185": " oxide that passivates the metal and slows further corrosion. Many oxides of the transition metals are non-stoichiometric compounds", "571cd703dd7acb1400e4c186": " oxide that passivates the metal and slows further corrosion. Many oxides of the transition metals are non-stoichiometric compounds", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18d": " Sudden cabin pressure loss activates chemical oxygen generators", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18e": " Sudden cabin pressure loss activates chemical oxygen generators", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c18f": " Sudden cabin pressure loss activates chemical oxygen generators", "571cd88ddd7acb1400e4c190": " cabin depressurization", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c196": " high pressure oxygen tanks", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c198": " high pressure", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c197": " liquid in specially insulated tank", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c199": " specially insulated tank", "571cda1bdd7acb1400e4c19a": " high pressure oxygen tanks", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0c": " oxygen are (where \"R\" is an organic group): alcohols", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0d": " alcohols (R-OH); ethers", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0e": " oxygen are (where \"R\" is an organic group): alcohols", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e0f": " alcohols (R-OH); ethers", "571cdcb85efbb31900334e10": " contain oxygen", "571cde695efbb31900334e16": " phosphate", "571cde695efbb31900334e17": " Only", "571cde695efbb31900334e18": " squalene and the carotenes", "571cde695efbb31900334e19": " adenine) and pyrimidines", "571cde695efbb31900334e1a": " phosphate", "571ce3745efbb31900334e20": "Oxygen toxicity to the lungs and central nervous system", "571ce3745efbb31900334e21": " O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce3745efbb31900334e22": " diving", "571ce3745efbb31900334e23": " Prolonged breathing", "571ce3745efbb31900334e24": " Prolonged breathing of an air mixture with an O\n2 partial pressure more than 60 kPa can eventually lead to permanent pulmonary fibrosis", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2a": " marginally more than normal sea-level O\n2 partial", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2b": "Breathing", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2c": "30 kPa (1.4 times", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2e": "30 kPa (1.4 times", "571ce5055efbb31900334e2d": " Apollo, causes no damage due to the low total pressures used. In the case of spacesuits", "571ce6655efbb31900334e34": "kPa), equal to about 50%", "571ce6655efbb31900334e35": " partial pressures", "571ce6655efbb31900334e36": " oxygen masks", "571ce6655efbb31900334e37": "30%", "571ce6655efbb31900334e38": "30%", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952d": " October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952e": " $12 globally", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b8952f": " October 1973", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89530": "shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on global politics and the global economy. It was later called the \"first oil shock", "5725b33f6a3fe71400b89531": " the 1979 oil crisis", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd28": " to disassociate themselves from United States", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd29": " any future policy changes to peace between the belligerents. To address this, the Nixon Administration began multilateral negotiations with the combatants", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2a": " March 1974", "5725b5a689a1e219009abd2b": " March 1974", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4a": " August 15, 1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4b": " Gold Exchange Standard whereby the value of the dollar had been pegged to the price of gold", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4c": " to the price of gold", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4d": " August 15, 1971", "5725b76389a1e219009abd4e": " to the price of gold", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd3": " less than two percent", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd4": "1971, OPEC was slow to readjust prices to reflect this depreciation. From 1947 to 1967", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd5": "1971", "5725b92e38643c19005acbd6": " less than two percent per year. Until the oil shock", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bd": " October 6, 1973", "5725bad5271a42140099d0be": " Syria and Egypt", "5725bad5271a42140099d0bf": "300", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c0": " Syria and Egypt", "5725bad5271a42140099d0c1": " rise...", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0eb": " cut production", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ec": " October 16, 1973", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ed": " cut production", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ee": " $1.5 billion", "5725bcb6271a42140099d0ef": " to Israel", "57261dab38643c19005ad037": "100 billion dollars", "57261dab38643c19005ad038": " Saudi Arabia", "57261dab38643c19005ad039": " Wahhabism", "57261dab38643c19005ad03a": " Wahhabism", "57261dab38643c19005ad03b": " Wahhabism", "57261f9f271a42140099d4a9": " Kissinger", "57261f9f271a42140099d4aa": " Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with the USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ab": " Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with the USSR", "57261f9f271a42140099d4ac": " equality between both parties prior to 1973. The possibility that the Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with the USSR", "5726241189a1e219009ac2de": " embargo had a negative influence on the US economy by causing immediate demands to address the threats to U.S. energy security", "5726241189a1e219009ac2df": " automobiles. Macroeconomic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e0": " Macroeconomic", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e1": " automobiles. Macroeconomic problems consisted of both inflationary and deflationary impacts. The embargo left oil companies searching for new ways to increase oil supplies", "5726241189a1e219009ac2e2": " five to ten years", "5726487b5951b619008f6edd": " Harold Wilson", "5726487b5951b619008f6ede": " uninterrupted", "5726487b5951b619008f6edf": " Harold Wilson", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee0": " Six-Day War", "5726487b5951b619008f6ee1": " Harold Wilson", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db36": " Germany", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db37": " coal miners and railroad workers", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db38": "1973", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db39": " Germany, Italy, Switzerland and Norway", "572649d8f1498d1400e8db3a": " Germany", "57264cac708984140094c1b3": "Price controls exacerbated the crisis in the US. The system limited the price of \"old oil\"", "57264cac708984140094c1b4": " encourage investment", "57264cac708984140094c1b5": " encourage investment", "57264cac708984140094c1b7": " by rationing (as in many countries). Motorists faced long lines at gas stations", "57264d9edd62a815002e80fe": " William E. Simon as the first Administrator of the Federal Energy Office", "57264d9edd62a815002e80ff": "1973", "57264d9edd62a815002e8100": " to coordinate the response to the embargo", "57264d9edd62a815002e8101": "20%", "57264efddd62a815002e8134": " National Highway Designation Act", "57264efddd62a815002e8135": " Bill Clinton signed the National Highway Designation Act", "57264efddd62a815002e8136": " Bill Clinton signed the National Highway Designation", "57264efddd62a815002e8137": "1974", "57264efddd62a815002e8138": "1974", "572650325951b619008f6fa9": " American energy policies since the crisis have been dominated by crisis-ment", "572650325951b619008f6faa": " American energy policies since the crisis have been dominated by crisis-ment", "572650325951b619008f6fab": " congresses", "57265200708984140094c237": " Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger", "57265200708984140094c238": " Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger", "57265200708984140094c239": "10 years", "57265200708984140094c23a": " Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger", "57265360dd62a815002e819a": " Saudi and Kuwait", "57265360dd62a815002e819b": "5%", "57265360dd62a815002e819c": " Middle East", "57265360dd62a815002e819d": "1970. On November 7, 1973", "57265360dd62a815002e819e": "1970. On November 7, 1973", "57265526708984140094c2bd": " Afghanistan", "57265526708984140094c2be": " Saudi Arabia", "57265526708984140094c2bf": " Saudi Arabia", "57265526708984140094c2c0": " January 1979", "57265526708984140094c2c1": " January 1979", "5726581fdd62a815002e823a": " Japanese", "5726581fdd62a815002e823b": " Japanese imports, primarily the Toyota Corona, the Toyota Corolla, the Datsun B210", "5726581fdd62a815002e823c": " Toyota Corona, the Toyota Corolla, the Datsun B210", "5726581fdd62a815002e823d": " Japanese imports, primarily the Toyota Corona, the Toyota Corolla, the Dats", "572659535951b619008f703f": "1973", "572659535951b619008f7040": " Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II", "572659535951b619008f7041": " US assembly plants", "572659535951b619008f7042": " Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II", "57265a58dd62a815002e8270": "Compact trucks were introduced, such as the Toyota Hilux and the Dats", "57265a58dd62a815002e8271": " their domestic replacements", "57265a58dd62a815002e8272": "Compact trucks", "57265a58dd62a815002e8273": " oil crisis", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829e": " domestic", "57265bdfdd62a815002e829f": " four", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a0": "1970", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a1": " Cadillac DeVille and Fleetwood", "57265bdfdd62a815002e82a2": " Cadillac DeVille and Fleetwood", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b8": "1974", "57265ceddd62a815002e82b9": "1974", "57265ceddd62a815002e82ba": " M-body Dodge Diplomat/Plymouth Gran Fury and Chrysler New Yorker Fifth Avenue", "57265e11708984140094c3bb": "1981", "57265e11708984140094c3bc": "1981", "57265e11708984140094c3bd": " less than $10 per barrel. Adjusted for inflation, oil briefly fell back to pre-1973", "57265e11708984140094c3be": " Saudi Arabia, trying to recover market share, increased production, pushing prices down, shrinking or eliminating profits", "5725b41838643c19005acb7f": " Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics", "5725b41838643c19005acb80": " Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics", "5725b41838643c19005acb81": "1969 to 1972", "5725b41838643c19005acb82": " Project Apollo", "5725b41838643c19005acb83": " three", "5725b56589a1e219009abd20": " two-man Gemini program", "5725b56589a1e219009abd21": " Saturn family rockets", "5725b56589a1e219009abd22": " Soviet Union", "5725b56589a1e219009abd23": " Apollo missions. Apollo used Saturn family rockets", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd40": "1967", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd41": " oxygen tank explosion", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd42": " oxygen tank explosion", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd43": " nine", "5725b64d89a1e219009abd44": " prevented by an oxygen tank explosion", "5725b77889a1e219009abd54": "Apollo", "5725b77889a1e219009abd55": " NASA's current human spaceflight capability, and funded construction of its Johnson Space Center and Kennedy Space Center", "5725b77889a1e219009abd56": "8 was the first manned spacecraft to orbit another celestial body, while the final Apollo 17", "5725b77889a1e219009abd57": " NASA's current human spaceflight capability, and funded construction of its Johnson Space Center and Kennedy Space Center", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d453": " three", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d454": " three", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d455": " Abe Silverstein", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d457": " Project Mercury", "5725b888ec44d21400f3d456": "1960", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe7": "1960", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe8": " Hugh L. Dryden", "5725ba5038643c19005acbe9": " three", "5725ba5038643c19005acbea": " Hugh L. Dry", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c7": " John F. Kennedy", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c8": "missile gap", "5725bb34271a42140099d0c9": "missile gap", "5725bb34271a42140099d0ca": " John F. Kennedy", "5725bb34271a42140099d0cb": "missile gap", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1d": " Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagar", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1e": " Science", "5725bc7138643c19005acc1f": " one", "5725bc7138643c19005acc20": " fly in space, reinforcing American fears about being left behind in a technological competition with the Soviet Union. At a meeting of the US House Committee", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc31": " April", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc32": " Kennedy sent a memo to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc33": " one week", "5725bd4b38643c19005acc34": " one week later, concluding that \"we are neither making maximum effort nor achieving results necessary if this country is to reach a position of leadership.\"", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a5": " Robert R. Gilruth", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a6": " Florida", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a7": " Florida", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a8": " NASA's Langley Research Center", "5725be0fec44d21400f3d4a9": " Florida", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdce": " Merritt Island", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdcf": " Kurt H. Debus", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd0": " LC-34 and LC", "5725bf2e89a1e219009abdd1": " LC-34 and LC-37", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd7": "39, a Launch Control Center, and a 130 million", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd8": " LOC also included an Operations and Checkout Building", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd9": "250,000 feet", "5725c01389a1e219009abdd6": "39, a Launch Control Center, and a 130 million", "5725c123271a42140099d131": " Robert Seamans", "5725c123271a42140099d132": " July 23, 1963", "5725c123271a42140099d133": " Robert Seamans", "5725c123271a42140099d134": "Administrator Webb realized that in order to keep Apollo costs", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6b": " Air Force missile", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6c": " Minuteman", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6d": " General Samuel C. Phillips", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6e": " until it achieved the first manned landing in July 1969, after which he returned to Air Force", "5725c2a038643c19005acc6f": " Air Force missile", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe44": " Associate Administrator Robert Seamans", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe45": "1961", "5725c4c289a1e219009abe46": " Robert Seamans", "5725c604271a42140099d185": " Nicholas E. Golov", "5725c604271a42140099d186": " July 1961", "5725c604271a42140099d187": " Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golov", "5725c604271a42140099d188": " Nicholas E. Golov", "5725c604271a42140099d189": " LOR, including the newly hired deputy director of the Office of Manned Space Flight, Joseph Shea", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d531": " Kennedy's science advisor Jerome Wiesner", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d532": " NASA reached internal agreement, it was far from smooth sailing. Kennedy's science advisor Jerome Wiesner", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d533": " second-guess NASA", "5725c6dcec44d21400f3d534": " July 11, 1962", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a1": "Wiesner", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a2": " President to Marshall Space Flight Center", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a3": "Wiesner kept up the pressure, even making the disagreement public during a two-day September visit by the President to Marshall Space Flight Center", "5725c7f5271a42140099d1a4": " President to Marshall Space Flight Center", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d577": "The LM [as lifeboat] ... was finally dropped, because no single reasonable CSM failure", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d578": "The LM [as lifeboat] ... was finally dropped, because no single reasonable CSM failure", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d579": " prohibit use of the SPS.\" Ironically, just such a failure happened on Apollo 13 when an oxygen tank explosion", "5725c948ec44d21400f3d57a": "1964", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c1": " propulsion and electrical power", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c2": "Maxime Faget's preliminary Apollo design employed a cone-shaped command module, supported by one of several service modules providing propulsion and electrical power", "5725ca35271a42140099d1c3": " two", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec8": " three", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abec9": " lunar orbit", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abeca": " Apollo spacecraft to survive without major configuration changes as the program evolved from the early Apollo study designs. Its exterior was covered with an ablative heat shield", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecb": " Parachutes were carried to slow its descent to splashdown. The module was 11.42 feet", "5725cb4a89a1e219009abecc": "12.83 feet", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1b": " liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1c": " liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1d": " liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1e": "24.6 feet (7.5 m) long and 12.83 feet", "5725cc2038643c19005acd1f": " liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen", "5725cda338643c19005acd3f": " oversized", "5725cda338643c19005acd40": " twice", "5725cda338643c19005acd41": "1964", "5725cda338643c19005acd42": " CSM, and also the second stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle for NASA", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0a": "33,300", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0b": " fly through the Earth's atmosphere or return to Earth, its fuselage was designed totally without aerodynamic considerations, and was of an extremely lightweight construction", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0d": "33,300 pounds (15,100 kg), and allowed surface stays up to around 34 hours", "5725ceb989a1e219009abf0e": "33,300 pounds (15,100 kg), and allowed surface stays up to around 34 hours", "5725d01989a1e219009abf28": " Wernher von Braun", "5725d01989a1e219009abf29": " NASA", "5725d01989a1e219009abf2b": " June 11, 1962", "5725d0e3271a42140099d235": " LC-34", "5725d0e3271a42140099d236": "1964", "5725d0e3271a42140099d237": " LC-37", "5725d0e3271a42140099d238": " LC-37", "5725d2ef271a42140099d255": " S-IV with the S-IVB-200, powered by a single J-2 engine", "5725d2ef271a42140099d256": " over 40,000", "5725d2ef271a42140099d257": " LO", "5725d2ef271a42140099d258": " over 40,000", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65b": " S-IVB, with thrust increased to 230,000 lbf", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65c": "33 feet", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65d": " three", "5725d403ec44d21400f3d65e": " RP-1", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6e": " Gemini or Mercury veterans", "5725d51589a1e219009abf6f": " two", "5725d51589a1e219009abf70": " Gemini or Mercury", "5725d51589a1e219009abf71": " Project Mercury and Gemini", "5725d51589a1e219009abf72": " Apollo 11 and Apollo", "5725d61038643c19005acdd3": "32", "5725d61038643c19005acdd4": " Distinguished Service Medals, by this time posthumously to Schirra", "5725d61038643c19005acdd5": "1969", "5725d61038643c19005acdd6": " decided to award them the Distinguished Service Medals", "5725d61038643c19005acdd7": " Distinguished Service Medals", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde7": "1966", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde8": " LC-34", "5725d6cb38643c19005acde9": "4,577 nautical miles", "5725d6cb38643c19005acdea": " LC-34", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf90": "each", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf91": " Commander (CDR)", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf92": " AS-207/208, or AS-278 (each spacecraft would be launched on a separate Saturn IB.) The Block II", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf93": " AS-207/208, or AS-278", "5725d79e89a1e219009abf94": " water", "5725d8a3271a42140099d28f": " Grissom as Command Pilot, White as Senior Pilot, and rookie Donn F. Eisele", "5725d8a3271a42140099d290": " AS-204 on March 21, 1966, with the backup crew consisting of Gemini veterans James McDiv", "5725d8a3271a42140099d291": "1966", "5725d8a3271a42140099d292": " Grissom as Command Pilot, White as Senior Pilot, and rookie Donn F. Eisele", "5725d8a3271a42140099d293": " AS-204 on March 21, 1966, with the backup crew consisting of Gemini veterans James McDiv", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69b": " allocated to the dual mission, now redesignated AS-205/208 or AS-258", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69c": " December 1966", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69d": " Saturn IB was allocated to the dual mission, now redesignated AS-205/208 or AS-258", "5725d94bec44d21400f3d69e": " Scott and Schweickart were promoted to the prime AS-258 crew, and Schirra", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ab": " Samuel Phillips", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ac": "tiger team", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ad": "1967", "5725da63ec44d21400f3d6ae": " Samuel Phillips", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bd": " Kennedy Space Center", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6be": " Chaffee", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6bf": "plugs", "5725db4aec44d21400f3d6c0": "plugs-out\" test was planned for January, which would simulate a launch countdown on LC-34", "5725dc1638643c19005ace01": " First the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits", "5725dc1638643c19005ace02": " January 27, 1967", "5725dc1638643c19005ace03": " a strange odor in their spacesuits", "5725dc1638643c19005ace04": " a strange odor in their spacesuits", "5725dc1638643c19005ace05": " First the crew noticed a strange odor in their spacesuits", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe2": " Webb also reassigned Apollo Spacecraft Program Office (ASPO) Manager Joseph Francis Shea", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe3": "deficiencies existed in Command Module design, workmanship and quality control.\" At the insistence of NASA Administrator", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe4": " Webb also reassigned Apollo Spacecraft Program Office (ASPO) Manager Joseph Francis Shea", "5725dd1689a1e219009abfe5": "iciencies existed in Command Module design, workmanship and quality control.\"", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ed": " nitrogen/o", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ee": " nitrogen/oxygen mixture", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6ef": " nitrogen/o", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f0": " nitrogen/o", "5725de30ec44d21400f3d6f1": " Block I spacecraft only for unmanned Saturn V flights", "5725df1838643c19005ace15": " higher Earth orbit", "5725df1838643c19005ace16": " Saturn IB", "5725df1838643c19005ace17": " a single Saturn V launch); E would be a higher Earth", "5725e08389a1e219009ac010": " NASA to catch up on man-rating the LM and Saturn V. Apollo", "5725e08389a1e219009ac011": " non-steady engine", "5725e08389a1e219009ac012": " April 4, 1968", "5725e08389a1e219009ac013": " Saturn V, carrying a Block I CSM on November 9, 1967. The capability of the Command Module's heat shield", "5725e152271a42140099d2cd": "Apollo", "5725e152271a42140099d2ce": "fire-in-the-hole", "5725e152271a42140099d2cf": " jettison", "5725e152271a42140099d2d0": "fire-in-the-hole", "5725e152271a42140099d2d1": "fire-in-the-hole", "5725e28f38643c19005ace23": " D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweick", "5725e28f38643c19005ace24": " Frank Borman and James Lovell", "5725e28f38643c19005ace25": " September 15, 1968", "5725e28f38643c19005ace26": " Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs", "5725e28f38643c19005ace27": " Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac038": " Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin. Armstrong and Aldrin performed the first landing at the Sea of Tranquility", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac039": " July 1969", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03a": " a total of 21 hours", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03b": " Michael Collins", "5725e36f89a1e219009ac03c": " July 1969", "5725e44238643c19005ace35": " Apollo 12 within walking distance of the Surveyor 3 unmanned lunar probe, which had landed in April 1967 on the Ocean of Storms", "5725e44238643c19005ace36": " Charles \"Pete\" Conrad and rookie Alan L. Bean", "5725e44238643c19005ace37": " camera", "5725e44238643c19005ace38": " Richard F. Gordon", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d71f": " Lunar Roving Vehicle", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d720": " Lunar Roving Vehicle", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d721": " eight", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d722": " over three days", "5725e547ec44d21400f3d723": " Lunar Roving Vehicle", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d729": " turned out to be a combination of damage of the tank in the factory, and a subcontractor", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72a": " Fred Haise", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72b": " turned out to be a combination of damage of the tank in the factory, and a subcontractor", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72c": " Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise in April 1970, headed for the Fra Mauro formation", "5725e6f6ec44d21400f3d72d": " April 1970", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac086": " Saturn V to launch the Skylab orbital laboratory", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac087": " an existing Saturn V to launch the Skylab orbital laboratory", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac088": " Saturn V to launch the Skylab orbital laboratory pre-built on the ground, replacing the original plan to construct it in orbit from several Saturn IB launches", "5725e95f89a1e219009ac089": "1969", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09e": " exclusively of the calcium-rich feldspar", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac09f": "3.2 billion", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a0": " KREE", "5725ea6889a1e219009ac0a1": " KREE", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace7f": " thick atmosphere. Many show signs of being subjected to high pressure shock", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace80": " thick atmosphere. Many show signs of being subjected to high pressure shock", "5725eb8a38643c19005ace81": " pitted with micrometeoroid", "5725ec7538643c19005ace8f": " $170 billion", "5725ec7538643c19005ace90": "12", "5725ec7538643c19005ace91": " $170 billion", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb3": " Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb4": " Apollo hardware", "5725ee6438643c19005aceb5": "AAP). The workshop was to be supplemented by Apollo Telescope Missions, which would replace the LM's descent stage equipment", "5725ef6838643c19005acece": " February 8, 1974", "5725ef6838643c19005acecf": " one of these plans to make it off the drawing board. Dubbed Skylab, it was constructed complete", "5725ef6838643c19005aced0": " February 8, 1974", "5725ef6838643c19005aced1": " S-IVB orbital workshop", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0be": " NASA's robotic Lunar Reconnaissance", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0bf": "50 kilometers (31 mi) above the Moon, began photographing the remnants of the Apollo program", "5725f07f89a1e219009ac0c0": "50 kilometers (31 mi) above the Moon, began photographing the remnants of the Apollo program", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cc": " Apollo", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cd": " Book of Genesis, on Christmas", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0ce": "8 sent the first live televised pictures of the Earth and the Moon back to Earth", "5725f16f89a1e219009ac0cf": "1968", "5725f239271a42140099d35d": " magnetic tape shortage", "5725f239271a42140099d35e": " Stan Lebar, who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera at Westinghouse Electric Corporation", "5725f239271a42140099d35f": " Stan Lebar, who led the team that designed and built the lunar television", "5725f239271a42140099d360": " lunar television camera at Westinghouse Electric Corporation", "5725f239271a42140099d361": " Stan Lebar, who led the team that designed and built the lunar television camera at Westinghouse Electric Corporation, also worked with Nafzger", "5725f39638643c19005acef7": " Nafzger", "5725f39638643c19005acef8": " Apollo 11 was compiled by Nafzger and assigned to Lowry Digital for restoration. The video was processed to remove random noise", "5725f39638643c19005acef9": " tapes in Australia, the CBS News archive", "5725f39638643c19005acefa": " CBS News archive", "5725f39638643c19005acefb": " Apollo 11 was compiled by Nafzger and assigned to Lowry Digital for restoration. The video was processed to remove random noise", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5c": " Regulations and Directives", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5d": " treaties and legislation", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5e": " Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd5f": " Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union", "5725b7f389a1e219009abd60": " Regulations and Directives", "5725c28a271a42140099d14d": " treaties and legislation", "5725c28a271a42140099d14e": " direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union", "5725c28a271a42140099d14f": " Regulations and Directives", "5725c28a271a42140099d150": " European Parliament", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f0": " Regulations and Directives", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f1": " Regulations and Directives, which have direct effect or indirect effect on the laws of European Union", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f2": " European Parliament", "57268b43dd62a815002e88f3": " three", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d1": " the courts", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d2": " the courts", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d3": " European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d4": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice", "5725bbec271a42140099d0d5": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice of the European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d503": " Justice of the European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d504": " European Union. Where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d505": " European Court of Justice is the highest court able to interpret European Union law. Supplementary sources of European Union", "5725c3a9ec44d21400f3d506": " Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890a": " the courts of member states and the Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890b": " the courts", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890c": " Court of Justice", "57268bf9dd62a815002e890d": " Court of Justice", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d549": "constitute\" its basic governance structure", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54a": " citizens)", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54b": " Directives or Regulations. The European Commission", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54c": " European Union does not have a codified constitution", "5725c743ec44d21400f3d54d": " European Union", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb4": " TEU allows the European Council", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb5": " European Union law also applies in territories where a member state is responsible for external relations, for example Gibraltar and the \u00c5land islands", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb6": "core\" treaties being the Treaty on European Union", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb7": " Treaty on European Union", "5725ca4389a1e219009abeb8": " Gibraltar", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894e": "core\" treaties being the Treaty on European Union", "57268d2ddd62a815002e894f": " TEU allows the European Council", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8950": "TFEU). The Treaties contain formal and substantive provisions, which frame policies of the European Union institutions", "57268d2ddd62a815002e8951": " European Union", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bb": " form the European Union began with common rules for coal and steel", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bc": " Maastricht Treaty", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bd": "1960s", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5be": " coal and steel, and then atomic energy, but more complete and formal institutions were established through the Treaty of Rome", "5725cc38ec44d21400f3d5bf": " Maastricht Treaty", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b0": " coal and steel", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b1": "1979", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b2": "1960s", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b3": "1960s", "57268e2bf1498d1400e8e3b4": "1960s", "57264865dd62a815002e8062": "2004", "57264865dd62a815002e8063": " Treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8064": " Lisbon Treaty was enacted. Its substance was very similar to the proposed constitutional treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8065": " Lisbon Treaty", "57264865dd62a815002e8066": " Lisbon Treaty was enacted. Its substance was very similar to the proposed constitutional treaty", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c4": " Lisbon Treaty", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c5": " Lisbon Treaty", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c6": " Lisbon Treaty", "57268f2bf1498d1400e8e3c7": " Lisbon Treaty", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808c": " Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union states the Commission should \"promote", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808d": " Jean-Claude Juncker", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808e": " Jean-Claude Juncker", "57264a8cdd62a815002e808f": "17", "57264a8cdd62a815002e8090": " Jean-Claude Juncker", "572691545951b619008f76e1": " Jean-Claude Juncker", "572691545951b619008f76e2": " Jean-Claude Juncker", "572691545951b619008f76e3": " a simple majority vote", "572691545951b619008f76e4": " Article 17(1) of the Treaty on European Union", "572691545951b619008f76e5": " Jean-Claude Juncker", "57264e455951b619008f6f65": " corruption allegations", "57264e455951b619008f6f66": " \u20ac60m bri", "57264e455951b619008f6f67": " Parliament", "57264e455951b619008f6f68": "Commissioners", "57264e455951b619008f6f69": " corruption allegations", "5726926a5951b619008f7709": "1999", "5726926a5951b619008f770a": " corruption allegations", "5726926a5951b619008f770b": " Parliament", "5726926a5951b619008f770c": " corruption allegations", "5726926a5951b619008f770d": "1999", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbee": " Citizens' rights are therefore limited compared to the democratic polities", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbef": "degressively proportional\" according to member state size", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf0": " by the Commission with one million signatures", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf1": " ten times", "572651f9f1498d1400e8dbf2": " publicising their views and submit an initiative that must be considered by the Commission with one million signatures. TFEU", "5726938af1498d1400e8e446": " Commission has a monopoly on initiating legislation, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union", "5726938af1498d1400e8e447": " Citizens' rights are therefore limited compared to the democratic polities", "5726938af1498d1400e8e448": "1979", "5726938af1498d1400e8e449": " by the Commission with one million signatures", "5726938af1498d1400e8e44a": " Commission", "5726545f708984140094c2a5": " bin the member states in decisions. When voting takes place it is weighted inversely to member state size", "5726545f708984140094c2a6": " Donald Tusk)", "5726545f708984140094c2a7": " weighted invers", "5726545f708984140094c2a8": " inversely to member state size", "5726545f708984140094c2a9": " six", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1e": " Donald Tusk)", "57269424dd62a815002e8a1f": " invers", "57269424dd62a815002e8a20": " six", "57269424dd62a815002e8a21": " Council", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fa": " unanimity to block Commission amendment. Where the different institutions cannot agree at any stage, a \"Conciliation Committee", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fb": " unanimity to block Commission amendment. Where the different institutions cannot agree at any stage, a \"Conciliation Committee", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fc": " block or suggest changes, and the Council must vote by qualified majority to approve changes, but by unanimity to block Commission", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fd": " TFEU", "572656e4dd62a815002e81fe": " unanimity to block Commission", "572695285951b619008f774b": " unanimity", "572695285951b619008f774c": " TFEU", "572695285951b619008f774d": " unanimity", "572695285951b619008f774e": " unanimity to block Commission amendment. Where the different institutions cannot agree at any stage, a \"Conciliation Committee", "572658435951b619008f7025": " CJEU", "572658435951b619008f7026": " Court of Justice", "572658435951b619008f7027": "28", "572658435951b619008f7028": " development of EU law, by assuming the task of interpreting the treaties, and accelerating economic and political integration. Today the Court of Justice", "572658435951b619008f7029": " Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the main judicial body, within which there is a higher European Court of Justice", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e484": " one judge", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e485": " Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the main judicial body, within which there is a higher European Court of Justice", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e486": " Court of Justice", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e487": " one judge", "5726965ef1498d1400e8e488": " Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is the main judicial body, within which there is a higher European Court of Justice", "57265e455951b619008f70bb": " European Court of Justice", "57265e455951b619008f70bc": " Treaty of Rome, and requested a reference be made to both the Italian Constitutional Court and the Court of Justice", "57265e455951b619008f70bd": " Mr Costa refused to pay his electricity bill to Enel, as a protest against the nationalisation of the Italian energy corporations", "5726975c708984140094cb1f": "razione", "5726975c708984140094cb20": "1964", "5726975c708984140094cb21": " European Court of Justice", "572699db5951b619008f7799": " EU law takes primacy over national law", "572699db5951b619008f779a": " Solange", "572699db5951b619008f779b": "1972", "572699db5951b619008f779d": " Solange I and Solange II", "572699db5951b619008f779c": " R (Factortame Ltd", "57269aa65951b619008f77ab": " Justice", "57269aa65951b619008f77ac": "1986", "57269aa65951b619008f77ad": " Justice", "57269aa65951b619008f77ae": " Justice", "57269bb8708984140094cb95": " Commission v Italy", "57269bb8708984140094cb96": " Justice", "57269bb8708984140094cb97": " slaughter cows", "57269bb8708984140094cb98": " Italy had breached a duty under the Treaties, both by failing to operate a scheme to pay farmers a premium", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b12": " sue", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b13": " five", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b14": " five", "57269cc3dd62a815002e8b15": "1990s", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e516": "general principle\" of EU law, it can be invoked between private non-state parties before its deadline for implementation. This follows from K\u00fcc\u00fckdevec", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e517": " So, in CIA Security v Signalson and Securitel", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e518": "10 years", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e519": " K\u00fcc\u00fckdeveci", "57269e3bf1498d1400e8e51a": "1963", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e534": " directive\". Textbooks (though not the Court itself) often called this \"indirect effect\". In Marleasing SA v La Comercial SA", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e535": " Spanish Court", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e536": " Spanish Court", "57269f3ef1498d1400e8e537": "6 million", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e550": " European Court of Justice", "5726a00cf1498d1400e8e551": " rules of law which have been developed by the European Court of Justice", "5726a09f708984140094cc39": " since the 1950s", "5726a09f708984140094cc3a": " Article 5 of the EC Treaty", "5726a09f708984140094cc3b": " Article 5 of the EC Treaty", "5726a14c708984140094cc51": " since the 1960s", "5726a14c708984140094cc52": " European Court of Justice", "5726a14c708984140094cc53": " European Court of Justice", "5726a14c708984140094cc54": " European Union", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b86": " draw inspiration from the constitutional traditions", "5726a1e5dd62a815002e8b87": " European Union", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9e": "None", "5726a299dd62a815002e8b9f": " European Union", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba0": "1999", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba1": " European Union", "5726a299dd62a815002e8ba2": "1999", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59e": "7 December 2000, as adopted at Strasbourg on 12 December 2007", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e59f": " Lisbon Treaty", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a0": " European Union", "5726a34bf1498d1400e8e5a1": " Lisbon Treaty", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5ae": " European Union law", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5af": "1989", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b0": "1989", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b1": "40", "5726a3c6f1498d1400e8e5b2": "40", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd0": "12", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd1": " Social Charter", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd2": "Social Chapter\", despite not actually being a chapter of the Maastricht Treaty", "5726a46cdd62a815002e8bd3": "1989", "5726a5525951b619008f78dd": " Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a5525951b619008f78de": "1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78df": " Social Chapter the European Union", "5726a5525951b619008f78e0": "1997", "5726a5525951b619008f78e1": " Social Policy, which allowed it to be included with minor amendments as the Social Chapter of the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf6": " Article 65", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf7": "1957", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf8": " Germany from re-establishing dominance in the production of coal and steel", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bf9": " Article 65", "5726a638dd62a815002e8bfa": "1957", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e654": " Article 101(1", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e655": " Article 101(3) establishes exemptions, if the collusion is for distributional or technological innovation", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e656": " Treaty of Lisbon", "5726a7ecf1498d1400e8e657": " Article 101", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b55": "2007", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b56": " two countries can both benefit from trade even if one of them has a less productive economy", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b57": " unrestricted commercial profit", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b58": "social market economy\" was only introduced into EU law", "5726b58f5951b619008f7b59": " North American Free Trade Association", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbe": "Buy Irish\" company that had government appointees. It also means states can be responsible for private actors. For instance, in Commission v France", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dbf": "Buy Irish\" company", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc0": " prohibited, and imports circulate freely. In addition under the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc1": " Schmidberger v Austria", "5726b718dd62a815002e8dc2": " prohibited between Member States\u2019. In Procureur du Roi", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e8": "36", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8e9": " Justice", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ea": "2009", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8eb": " domestic products", "5726b929f1498d1400e8e8ec": " Walter Rau Lebensmittel", "5726ba2c708984140094cf59": " Mithouard", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5a": " TFEU", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5b": " Konsumentombudsmannen v Gourmet AB", "5726ba2c708984140094cf5c": " TFEU", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e74": " Bhagwan community", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e75": " European Community", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e76": "factor of production\". However, from the 1970s, this focus shifted towards developing a more \"social\" Europe", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e77": " TFE", "5726baf2dd62a815002e8e78": "social\" Europe", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea6": " Jean-Marc Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea7": " Jean-Marc Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea8": " Jean-Marc Bosman", "5726bc1add62a815002e8ea9": " Geven v Land Nord", "5726bc1add62a815002e8eaa": "14 hours", "5726bcde708984140094cfbf": "Citizenship of the EU has increasingly been seen as a \"fundamental\" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice", "5726bcde708984140094cfc0": "fundamental\" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice", "5726bcde708984140094cfc1": " Commission v Austria", "5726bcde708984140094cfc2": "fundamental\" status of member state nationals by the Court of Justice", "5726c002708984140094d073": " Milan Bar Council", "5726c002708984140094d074": " Milan Bar Council", "5726c002708984140094d075": " Milan", "5726c002708984140094d076": " Milan Bar Council", "5726c002708984140094d077": " Gebhard v Consiglio dell\u2019Ordine degli", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8a": "2006", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8b": " Court of Justice", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8c": " October 2007", "5726c19add62a815002e8f8d": " October 2007", "5726c3da708984140094d0d9": "52 or overriding requirements developed by the Court of Justice", "5726c3da708984140094d0da": " because Dutch law", "5726c3da708984140094d0db": "service\" even though the government (rather than the service recipient) paid for the service. National authorities could be justified in refusing to reimburse patients", "5726c3da708984140094d0dc": "service\" even though the government (rather than the service recipient) paid for the service. National authorities could be justified in refusing to reimburse patients", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac4": " Justice held in R (Daily Mail and General Trust plc", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac5": " \u00a31 of capital to start a company, while Denmark's legislature took the view companies should only be started up if they had 200,000", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac6": " \u00a31 of capital to start a company, while Denmark's legislature took the view companies should only be started up if they had 200,000", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac7": " Denmark's minimum capital law infringed Centros Ltd", "5726c5a9f1498d1400e8eac8": " Germany", "5725b81b271a42140099d097": " Amazoneregenwoud", "5725b81b271a42140099d098": "7,000", "5725b81b271a42140099d099": "7,000", "5725b81b271a42140099d09a": "7,000", "5725b81b271a42140099d09b": " nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60%", "5728349dff5b5019007d9efe": " Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest", "5728349dff5b5019007d9eff": " Amazonia", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f00": " English as Amazonia", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f01": " Amazonia", "5728349dff5b5019007d9f02": "7,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c4": " Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest", "5729e2316aef0514001550c5": "7,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c6": "7,000", "5729e2316aef0514001550c7": " Amazon rainforest", "5729e2316aef0514001550c8": " Amazonia", "5725be0f271a42140099d117": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "5725be0f271a42140099d118": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "5725be0f271a42140099d119": " Middle Miocene", "5725be0f271a42140099d11a": "66\u201334 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45\u00b0. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million", "5725be0f271a42140099d11b": "45\u00b0. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f94": "45\u00b0. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f95": "34 million", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f96": "45\u00b0. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics. During the Oligocene", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f97": " Cretaceous\u2013Paleogene extinction", "57283adcff5b5019007d9f98": " inland formation", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b5": " inland formation", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b6": "34 million", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b7": " Middle Miocene", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b8": " tropical rain", "5729e500af94a219006aa6b9": "34 million", "5725c071271a42140099d127": " Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains", "5725c071271a42140099d128": " Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains", "5725c071271a42140099d129": " Solim\u00f5es", "5725c071271a42140099d12a": "5\u201310 million years", "5725c071271a42140099d12b": " west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains", "57283d173acd2414000df78f": " mid-Eocene", "57283d173acd2414000df790": " west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains", "57283d173acd2414000df791": " west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains", "57283d173acd2414000df792": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", "57283d173acd2414000df793": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785a9": " mid-Eocene", "5729e6313f37b319004785aa": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5729e6313f37b319004785ab": " west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains", "5729e6313f37b319004785ac": " west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains", "5729e6313f37b319004785ad": " Solim\u00f5es Basin", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50b": " Amazon rainforest vegetation", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50c": " rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50d": " Amazon rainforest vegetation", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50e": " there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation", "5725c41eec44d21400f3d50f": " over how extensive this reduction was. Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", "572841772ca10214002da1a6": "21,000", "572841772ca10214002da1a7": " Amazon rainforest vegetation", "572841772ca10214002da1a8": " Amazon rainforest vegetation", "572841772ca10214002da1a9": " Amazon rainforest vegetation", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa779": "21,000", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77a": " Amazon rainforest vegetation", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77b": " Amazon rainforest vegetation", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77c": " over how extensive this reduction was. Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland", "572a0bfaaf94a219006aa77d": " because the practical limitations", "5725c63438643c19005acc9f": " Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown", "5725c63438643c19005acca0": "27.7 million", "5725c63438643c19005acca1": "27.7 million", "5725c63438643c19005acca2": " CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara", "5725c63438643c19005acca3": "27.7 million", "5728455bff5b5019007da078": " Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown", "5728455bff5b5019007da079": "27.7 million", "5728455bff5b5019007da07a": "27.7 million", "5728455bff5b5019007da07b": "27.7 million", "5728455bff5b5019007da07c": "27.7 million", "5729ea263f37b319004785bd": " dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown", "5729ea263f37b319004785be": " Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown", "5729ea263f37b319004785bf": "15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles", "5729ea263f37b319004785c0": "27.7 million", "5729ea263f37b319004785c1": "27.7 million", "5725c95f38643c19005accf3": " Amazonia", "5725c95f38643c19005accf4": "1 million", "5725c95f38643c19005accf5": "0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi", "5725c95f38643c19005accf6": " Archeologist Betty", "5725c95f38643c19005accf7": "5 million", "572847dd4b864d19001648bc": "0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi", "572847dd4b864d19001648bd": " Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia", "572847dd4b864d19001648be": "5 million", "572847dd4b864d19001648bf": " AD", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6c9": " Archeologist Betty", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6ca": " Archeologist Betty Meggers was a prominent proponent of this idea, as described in her book Amazonia", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cb": "0.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (0.52/sq mi", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cc": "5 million", "5729eb34af94a219006aa6cd": " sparsely populated, as it was impossible to sustain a large population through agriculture", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed2": " Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed3": "1542", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed4": " Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed5": "11,000 years", "5725cbb289a1e219009abed6": "1542", "5729edd56aef051400155112": " Francisco de Orellana", "5729edd56aef051400155113": "1977", "5729edd56aef051400155114": " AD 0\u2013125", "5729edd56aef051400155115": " Ondemar Dias is accredited with first discovering the geoglyphs in 1977 and Alceu Ranzi", "5729edd56aef051400155116": "11,000", "5725cf3238643c19005acd61": "Terra", "5725cf3238643c19005acd62": " centuries", "5725cf3238643c19005acd63": " agriculture", "5725cf3238643c19005acd64": " Amazon forest", "5725cf3238643c19005acd65": " Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef05140015511c": "Terra preta", "5729ef266aef05140015511d": " Amazon forest", "5729ef266aef05140015511e": " Amazon forest", "5729ef266aef05140015511f": " Michael Heckenberger", "5729ef266aef051400155120": " Amazon forest", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61b": "2.5 million", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61c": "2,200 fishes, 1,294 birds", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61d": " tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61e": "2,200 fishes, 1,294 birds", "5725d16aec44d21400f3d61f": "40,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155126": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef051400155127": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef051400155128": " tens of thousands of plants, and some 2,000 birds and mammals. To date, at least 40,000", "5729f0db6aef051400155129": "2.5 million", "5729f0db6aef05140015512a": "2,200 fishes, 1,294 birds", "5726722bdd62a815002e8528": "438,000", "5726722bdd62a815002e8529": "438,000", "5726722bdd62a815002e852a": "438,000", "5726722bdd62a815002e852b": "438,000 species", "5726722bdd62a815002e852c": "438,000", "5729f2646aef051400155130": " at 356 \u00b1 47 tonnes", "5729f2646aef051400155131": "438,000", "5729f2646aef051400155132": "438,000", "5729f2646aef051400155133": "438,000 species", "5729f2646aef051400155134": "438,000", "5729f3831d0469140077967b": " Malaria, yellow fever and Dengue fever", "5729f3831d0469140077967c": " Vampire bats dwell in the rainforest and can spread the rabies virus. Malaria, yellow fever and Dengue fever", "5729f3831d0469140077967d": " Malaria, yellow fever and Dengue fever", "5729f3831d0469140077967e": " Vampire bats dwell in the rainforest and can spread the rabies virus. Malaria, yellow fever and Dengue fever", "5729f3831d0469140077967f": " Vampire bats dwell in the rainforest and can spread the rabies virus. Malaria, yellow fever and Dengue fever", "5729fd56af94a219006aa72f": " Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa730": " non-forested areas. The main sources of deforestation in the Amazon are human settlement", "5729fd56af94a219006aa731": " Deforestation", "5729fd56af94a219006aa732": " Farms established during the 1960s were based on crop cultivation and the slash and burn method", "5729fd56af94a219006aa733": " just a short period of time, so farmers are constantly moving to new areas and clearing more land. These farming practices", "5729feaf6aef051400155188": "415,000 to 587,000", "5729feaf6aef051400155189": "415,000 to 587,000", "5729feaf6aef05140015518a": " livestock pasture. Currently, Brazil is the second-largest global producer of soybeans after the United States. New research however, conducted by Leydimere Oliveira", "5729feaf6aef05140015518b": " Amazon, and 91% of land deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pasture. Currently, Brazil is the second-largest", "5729feaf6aef05140015518c": "91%", "572a005f1d046914007796b7": " rainforest and led to increased settlement and deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b8": " rainforest and led to increased settlement and deforestation", "572a005f1d046914007796b9": "18% higher", "572a005f1d046914007796bb": "18%", "572a005f1d046914007796ba": "18%", "572a020f6aef051400155198": "10% of the carbon stores in ecosystems\u2014of the order of 1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a020f6aef051400155199": "10%", "572a020f6aef05140015519a": "10% of the carbon stores in ecosystems\u2014of the order of 1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a020f6aef05140015519b": "10% of the carbon stores in ecosystems\u2014of the order of 1.1 \u00d7 1011 metric tonnes", "572a020f6aef05140015519c": "10", "572a03a06aef0514001551aa": " Amazon basin climate change", "572a03a06aef0514001551ab": " unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall", "572a03a06aef0514001551ac": "2100", "572a03a06aef0514001551ad": "21st century", "572a03a06aef0514001551ae": " greenhouse gas emissions shows that the Amazon rainforest could become unsustainable under conditions of severely reduced rainfall and increased temperatures", "572a064a3f37b3190047865d": " ethno-biology and community-based conservation", "572a064a3f37b3190047865e": " deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples", "572a064a3f37b3190047865f": " Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival", "572a064a3f37b31900478660": " Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival", "572a064a3f37b31900478661": " Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples", "572a07c11d046914007796d5": " Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands", "572a07c11d046914007796d6": " Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands", "572a07c11d046914007796d7": " Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands", "572a07c11d046914007796d8": " Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands", "572a07c11d046914007796d9": " to protect their tribal lands", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75b": " Synthetic aperture radar", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75c": " Synthetic aperture radar", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75d": " regenerating forest [eleven to eighteen years of continued development]. The researcher used a combination of Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Thematic Mapper", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75e": "2006", "572a09abaf94a219006aa75f": " Synthetic aperture radar", "572a0b101d046914007796e9": "2005", "572a0b101d046914007796eb": " National Institute of Amazonian Research", "572a0b101d046914007796ec": " savanna or desert", "572a0b101d046914007796ed": "tipping point", "572a0b101d046914007796ea": "tipping point", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa76f": "2010", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa770": "1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest, compared to 734,000", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa771": "1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest, compared to 734,000", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa772": "2005 instead 5 gigatons were released and in 2010", "572a0bebaf94a219006aa773": "1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest, compared to 734,000", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe1": " swim by means of cilia", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe2": " cnidarians are only one cell deep. Some authors combined ctenophores and cnidarians in one phylum", "5725b9db38643c19005acbe3": " swim by means of cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf2": " phylum of animals", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf3": " swim by means of cilia", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf4": "carry'; commonly known as comb jellies", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf5": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)", "5725c0f289a1e219009abdf6": " phylum of animals", "57263eaa38643c19005ad371": " swim by means of cilia", "57263eaa38643c19005ad372": "1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)", "57263eaa38643c19005ad373": "carry'; commonly known as comb jellies", "57263eaa38643c19005ad374": " swim by means of cilia", "57263eaa38643c19005ad375": " cnidarians are only one cell deep. Some authors combined ctenophores and cnidarians in one phylum", "5725bae289a1e219009abd90": "100\u2013150 species", "5725bae289a1e219009abd91": "100\u2013150", "5725bae289a1e219009abd92": "100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d163": "100\u2013150", "5725c337271a42140099d164": " The textbook examples are cydippids", "5725c337271a42140099d165": " ten times", "5725c337271a42140099d166": "little tentacles", "5725c337271a42140099d167": "little tentacles", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ee": " ten times", "5726400589a1e219009ac5ef": " The textbook examples are cydippids", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f0": " microscopic larvae and rotifers to the adults of small crustaceans", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f1": " microscopic larvae and rotifers to the adults of small crustaceans", "5726400589a1e219009ac5f2": "100\u2013150", "5725bc0338643c19005acc11": " hermaphrodites", "5725bc0338643c19005acc12": " eggs and sperm, meaning it can fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate. Some are simultaneous hermaphrodites", "5725bc0338643c19005acc13": " hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5e": " plankton", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe5f": " eggs and sperm, meaning it can fertilize its own egg, not needing a mate. Some are simultaneous hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe60": " hermaphrodites", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe61": " platyctenids", "5725c57a89a1e219009abe62": " plankton", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd1": " hermaphrodites", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd2": " plankton", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd3": " plankton", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd4": " platyctenids", "5726415bec44d21400f3dcd5": " platyctenids", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc39": " ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3a": "Ctenophores", "5725bdbe38643c19005acc3b": " ctenophores", "5725c69738643c19005accb9": " ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic", "5725c69738643c19005accba": "planktonic plants", "5725c69738643c19005accbb": " ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic", "5725c69738643c19005accbc": " high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms", "5726431d271a42140099d7f5": " high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms", "5726431d271a42140099d7f6": " ctenophores", "5726431d271a42140099d7f7": "planktonic plants", "5726431d271a42140099d7f8": " phytoplankton (planktonic plants", "5726431d271a42140099d7f9": " phytoplankton (planktonic plants", "5725c91e38643c19005acceb": "1980s", "5725c91e38643c19005accec": " lagerst\u00e4tten", "5725c91e38643c19005acced": "66 million", "5725c91e38643c19005accee": " ctenophores. A recent molecular phylogenetics analysis concluded that the common ancestor of all modern ctenophores was cydipp", "5726449f1125e71900ae1928": "515 million years ago", "5726449f1125e71900ae1929": " more closely related to each other than either is to ctenophores", "5726449f1125e71900ae192a": " lagerst\u00e4tten", "5726449f1125e71900ae192b": " each other than either is to ctenophores", "5725cb33271a42140099d1db": " cnidarians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dc": "jellyfish", "5725cb33271a42140099d1dd": " cnidarians (jellyfish", "5725cb33271a42140099d1de": "Ctenophores form an animal phylum that is more complex than sponges, about as complex as cnidarians", "5725cb33271a42140099d1df": " cnidarians (jellyfish", "572646655951b619008f6ebf": " Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having colloblasts", "572646655951b619008f6ec0": " all other animals by having colloblasts, which are sticky and adhere to prey, although a few ctenophore species", "572646655951b619008f6ec1": " cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, etc.), and less complex than bilaterians", "572646655951b619008f6ec2": " nervous systems", "572646655951b619008f6ec3": " cnidarians (jellyfish", "572647d0708984140094c14b": " mesogle", "572647d0708984140094c14c": " mesoglea in cnidarians", "572647d0708984140094c14d": " cnidarians", "572647d0708984140094c14e": " cnidarians", "572648e8dd62a815002e8076": " comb rows, that run the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands", "572648e8dd62a815002e8077": "comb-bearing\", from the Greek \u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af", "572648e8dd62a815002e8078": " comb rows, that run the length of their bodies and bear comb-like bands", "572648e8dd62a815002e8079": "comb\" and the Greek suffix -\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 meaning \"carrying\".", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db40": " Beroe and Mnemiopsis. At least two textbooks base their descriptions of ctenophores on the cydippid Pleuro", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db41": " Coastal species", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db42": " to be tough enough to withstand waves and swirling", "57264a0ef1498d1400e8db43": " Beroe and Mnemiopsis. At least two textbooks base their descriptions of ctenophores on the cydippid Pleuro", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a0": " gastrodermis", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a1": "throat\"); a wider area", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a2": "throat", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a3": "throat", "57264b1ddd62a815002e80a4": " different on the sides nearest to and furthest from the organ that it supplies. The nearer side is composed of tall nutritive cells", "57264cfa708984140094c1c3": " swimming-plates, which are used for swimming. The rows are oriented to run from near the mouth (the \"oral pole\")", "57264cfa708984140094c1c4": " swimming", "57264cfa708984140094c1c5": "comb plates\") run across each row, and each consists of thousands of unusually long cilia", "57264cfa708984140094c1c6": "ctenes\" or \"comb plates\") run across each row, and each consists of thousands of unusually long cilia", "57264cfa708984140094c1c7": " swimming", "57264e66dd62a815002e811a": " concentrated as seawater. If they enter less dense brackish water", "57264e66dd62a815002e811b": " water of different densities. Their body fluids are normally as concentrated as seawater. If they enter less dense brackish water", "57264e66dd62a815002e811c": " water of different densities. Their body fluids are normally as concentrated as seawater. If they enter less dense brackish water", "57264e66dd62a815002e811d": " water of different densities. Their body fluids are normally as concentrated as seawater. If they enter less dense brackish water", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5e": " aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc5f": " balancers. Instead its response is determined by the animal's \"mood\", in other words the overall state of the nervous system", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc60": "mood\",", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc61": " aboral organ", "572655e5f1498d1400e8dc62": " aboral organ", "57265746dd62a815002e8218": "sea gooseberry", "57265746dd62a815002e8219": "sea gooseberry,\" Pleuro", "57265746dd62a815002e821a": " less rounded", "57265746dd62a815002e821b": " more uniformly round", "57265746dd62a815002e821c": "Cydipp", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcac": " microscopic colloblasts that capture prey by sticking to it. Colloblasts are specialized mushroom-shaped cells", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcad": " fringed with tentilla (\"little tentacles", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcae": " microscopic colloblasts that capture prey by sticking to it. Colloblasts are specialized mushroom-shaped cells", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcaf": " three", "572658daf1498d1400e8dcb0": "little tentacles", "572659ea5951b619008f7051": " eight", "572659ea5951b619008f7052": " near the mouth to the opposite end, and are spaced evenly round the body. The \"combs\" beat in a metachronal rhythm", "572659ea5951b619008f7053": " by the cilia", "572659ea5951b619008f7054": "combs\" beat in a metachronal rhythm rather like that of a Mexican wave. From each balancer", "57265aaf5951b619008f706b": " corners of the mouth, running in convoluted grooves and spreading out over the inner surface of the lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706c": " lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706d": " four", "57265aaf5951b619008f706e": " pair of lobes", "57265aaf5951b619008f706f": " pair of lobes", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd36": " propulsion. Members of the lobate genera Bathocy", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd37": " long and active auricles whose movements also contribute to propulsion. Members of the lobate genera Bathocy", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd38": " cilia", "57265c10f1498d1400e8dd39": " cilia", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd50": " Nuda, have no feeding appendages", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd51": " Nuda, have no feeding appendages, but their large pharynx", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd52": " always other ctenophores. In front of the field of macrocilia", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd53": "macrocilia", "57265d86f1498d1400e8dd54": " bears \"macrocilia", "57265e97708984140094c3c3": " Cestum vener", "57265e97708984140094c3c6": "belt animals", "57265e97708984140094c3c4": "belt animals", "57265e97708984140094c3c5": " undulating their bodies", "57265e97708984140094c3c7": " Cestids", "572681c1dd62a815002e8796": " oval bodies", "572681c1dd62a815002e8797": " oval bodies", "572681c1dd62a815002e8798": " oval bodies", "572681c1dd62a815002e8799": " oral-aboral direction, with a pair of tentilla-bearing tentacles", "572683075951b619008f7513": " via pores", "572683075951b619008f7514": " both males and females", "572683075951b619008f7515": " hermaphrodites", "572683075951b619008f7516": " the parts of the internal canal", "572683075951b619008f7517": " hermaphrodites", "572684365951b619008f753f": " miniature cydipp", "572684365951b619008f7540": " Beroe", "572684365951b619008f7541": " In most species the juveniles", "572684365951b619008f7542": " miniature cydipp", "572684365951b619008f7543": " Bero", "572686fc708984140094c8e5": " luminescence is diffused over their bodies. Detailed statistical investigation has not suggested the function of ctenophores", "572686fc708984140094c8e6": " mid-ocean waters", "572686fc708984140094c8e7": " Bathyctena chuni, Euplokamis stationis and Eurhamphaea vexilligera", "572686fc708984140094c8e8": " not suggested the function of ctenophores", "5726887e708984140094c917": " no vegetarians", "5726887e708984140094c918": " salps, close relatives of sea-squirts that form large chain-like floating colonies, and juveniles of Lampea", "5726887e708984140094c919": " Pleurobrachia", "5726887e708984140094c91a": " Pleurobrachia", "5726887e708984140094c91b": " Pleurobrachia", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33c": " it was thought their low ratio of organic matter", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33d": "Ctenophores", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33e": "dead ends\" in marine food chains because it was thought their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e33f": " gelatinous zooplankton during blooms in the Red Sea. The larvae of some sea anemones are parasites on ctenophores", "57268a37f1498d1400e8e340": "dead ends\" in marine food chains because it was thought their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water", "57268c01dd62a815002e8912": " fish larvae and small crustaceans that would otherwise feed the adult fish", "57268c01dd62a815002e8913": " by chronic overfishing", "57268c01dd62a815002e8915": " fish larvae", "57268c01dd62a815002e8914": " late 1980s", "57268c01dd62a815002e8916": " eating both fish larvae", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39c": " extremely rare as fossils, and fossils that have been interpreted as ctenophores have been found only in lagerst\u00e4t", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39d": " fossils, and fossils that have been interpreted as ctenophores have been found only in lagerst\u00e4tten", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39e": " lagerst\u00e4t", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e39f": " Three additional putative species were then found in the Burgess Shale and other Canadian rocks of similar age, about 505 million", "57268da7f1498d1400e8e3a0": " internal organ-like structures", "57268f05dd62a815002e8990": "515 million", "57268f05dd62a815002e8991": "aunt\" of ctenophores", "57268f05dd62a815002e8992": " Simon Conway Morris", "57268f05dd62a815002e8993": " China's Chengjiang lagerst\u00e4tte", "57268f05dd62a815002e8994": "515 million years ago", "57269016708984140094ca41": " gene families", "57269016708984140094ca42": " our understanding of the early evolution of animals and the origin of multicellularity", "572691bedd62a815002e89dc": " beroids have cydippid-like larvae", "572691bedd62a815002e89dd": " cydippid-like larvae", "572691bedd62a815002e89de": "1985", "572691bedd62a815002e89df": " Richard Harbison", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4d": " Fresno is in the center of the San Joa", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4e": "220 miles (350 km)", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd4f": " San Joaquin Valley", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd50": "220 miles (350 km) northwest of Los Angeles", "5725ce4d38643c19005acd51": "520,159, making it the fifth-largest city in California", "5725cfd0271a42140099d225": "1872", "5725cfd0271a42140099d226": " Fresno", "5725cfd0271a42140099d227": "1872", "5725cfd0271a42140099d228": "47 streetcars over 49 miles", "5725cfd0271a42140099d229": " Fresno", "5725d183271a42140099d23d": "94.0%", "5725d183271a42140099d23e": " Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy", "5725d183271a42140099d23f": " Little Armenia", "5725d183271a42140099d240": " Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy", "5725d183271a42140099d241": " Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d639": " BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63a": " BankAmericard", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63b": " Visa Inc", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63c": "1958", "5725d34aec44d21400f3d63d": " Visa Inc", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf58": " Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf59": " Bob Gallion", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5a": " Wheeling, West Virginia", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5b": " Wheeling, West Virginia", "5725d42a89a1e219009abf5c": " Bob Gallion", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d687": " three", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d688": " Shinzen Japanese Gardens, numerous picnic areas and several miles of trails, is in North Fresno and is adjacent to the San Joaquin River", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d689": " Shinzen Japanese Gardens, numerous picnic areas and several miles of trails, is in North Fresno and is adjacent to the San Joaquin River", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68a": " Shinzen Japanese Gardens, numerous picnic areas and several miles of trails, is in North Fresno and is adjacent to the San Joaquin River", "5725d662ec44d21400f3d68b": " Shinzen Japanese Gardens, numerous picnic areas and several miles of trails, is in North Fresno and is adjacent to the San Joaquin River", "5725d7e438643c19005acdf9": "1880s and World War II", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfa": " Grand 1401), and the Hughes Hotel", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfb": " Grand 1401", "5725d7e438643c19005acdfc": " Fresno Water Tower", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b3": "1964", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b4": " Pierre-Auguste Reno", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b5": " Pierre-Auguste", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b6": " Pierre-Auguste", "5725daa8ec44d21400f3d6b7": " Pierre-Auguste Reno", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c5": " Fresno's far southeast", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c6": " Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c7": "1950s", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c8": " Sunnyside Country Club", "5725db98ec44d21400f3d6c9": " William P. Bell", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfea": " National List of Historic Places. The theater was built in 1939 and is at Olive and Wishon", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfeb": "1939", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfec": " National List", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfed": " Fresno City College", "5725dd7d89a1e219009abfee": " around", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d7": " late 1960s", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d8": " retail businesses and residences", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2d9": "1978", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2da": " Olive and Wishon Avenues", "5725e1c4271a42140099d2db": " Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company", "5725e45689a1e219009ac048": " hundred feet", "5725e45689a1e219009ac049": " several independent shops and bookstores, currently operating on or near Olive Avenue, and all within a few hundred feet", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04a": " Tower District is also known as the center of Fresno", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04b": " Tower District has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses. Today, the Tower District", "5725e45689a1e219009ac04c": " Tower District", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d733": " California Bungalow and American Crafts", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d734": " California Bungalow and American Crafts", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d735": " Fresno architects", "5725e748ec44d21400f3d736": " Fresno architects", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0ae": " Platt Avenue", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0af": " William Stranahan", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b0": "1911", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b1": "267", "5725ec8289a1e219009ac0b2": "Homes", "5725edfe38643c19005ace9f": "Southwest Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea0": " Downtown Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea1": "Southwest Fresno\", is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city. The neighborhood lies southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea2": "Southwest Fresno", "5725edfe38643c19005acea3": " Downtown Fresno", "5725f00938643c19005aced7": " Brookhaven, on the southern edge of the West Side south of Jensen and west of Elm, was given the name by the Fresno City Council", "5725f00938643c19005aced8": "Dogg Pound", "5725f00938643c19005aced9": " Southwest Fresno", "5725f00938643c19005aceda": "Dogg Pound", "5725f00938643c19005acedb": "Dogg Pound", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d76f": "1960s and 1990s", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d770": " West Side", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d771": " Fresno Housing Authority. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development has also built small subdivisions", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d772": " neighborhood", "5725f190ec44d21400f3d773": " US Department of Housing and Urban Development has also built small subdivisions", "5725f2c838643c19005aceed": " Deftones, Tech N9ne", "5725f2c838643c19005aceee": "22 miles (35", "5725f2c838643c19005aceef": " five", "5725f2c838643c19005acef0": " three children's playgrounds, a lake, 3 small ponds, 7 picnic areas and five", "5725f2c838643c19005acef1": "22 miles", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fa": "1946", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fb": " Sierra Sky Park Airport", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fc": " Sierra Sky Park Airport", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fd": " automobiles", "5725f46289a1e219009ac0fe": " Sierra Sky Park", "5725f5b1271a42140099d371": "81% of possible sunshine, for a total of 3550 hours", "5725f5b1271a42140099d372": " July and August", "5725f5b1271a42140099d373": "81%", "5725f5b1271a42140099d374": " sunlight because of thick tule", "5725f5b1271a42140099d375": " sunlight because of thick tule", "5725f6e138643c19005acf19": "9.54 inches", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1a": " January 6, 1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1b": "1913", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1c": "115 \u00b0F", "5725f6e138643c19005acf1d": " low is 17 \u00b0F", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf23": "494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf24": "4,404.5 people per square mile (1,700", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf25": "245,306 (49.6%)", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf26": "4,404.5 people per square mile (1,700", "5725f7cd38643c19005acf27": "245,306 (49.6%)", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b1": "158,349", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b2": "69,284 (43.8%)", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b3": "158,349", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b4": "3.07. There were 111,529", "5725f8f5ec44d21400f3d7b5": "111,529", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac128": "427,652", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac129": "427,652 people, 140,079", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12a": "50.2%", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12b": "427,652 people, 140,079", "5725fabc89a1e219009ac12c": "427,652 people, 140,079", "5725fb8138643c19005acf3f": " Chico", "5725fb8138643c19005acf40": " VHF television", "5725fb8138643c19005acf41": " June 1, 1953", "5725fb8138643c19005acf42": " VHF television", "5725fb8138643c19005acf43": " NBC affiliate KSEE", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ad": " Clovis and Huntington Lake", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3ae": " Sierra Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3af": " Sierra Freeway", "5725fcbe271a42140099d3b0": " State Route 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7dd": " Interstate Highway System", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7de": "1950s", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7df": " Interstate highway. When the Interstate Highway System", "5725fe63ec44d21400f3d7e0": " Interstate 9. Major", "5725ff8238643c19005acf49": " Amtrak San Joaquins", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4a": " Downtown Fresno", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4b": " Amtrak San Joaquins", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4c": " San Joaquin Valley", "5725ff8238643c19005acf4d": " San Joaquin Valley", "5725d34089a1e219009abf50": " Distributed Adaptive", "5725d34089a1e219009abf51": " principles of pre-allocation of network bandwidth, largely fortified by the development of telecommunications in the Bell System. The new concept found little resonance", "5725d34089a1e219009abf52": " Distributed Adaptive", "5725d34089a1e219009abf53": " Distributed Adaptive", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc2f": " Distributed Adaptive", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc30": " little resonance", "572632ceec44d21400f3dc31": " Paul Baran developed the concept Distributed Adaptive Message Block Switching", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf78": " cellular communication", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf79": " cellular communication services", "5725d52f89a1e219009abf7a": " a fee per unit", "572634a789a1e219009ac56c": " latency between nodes. In cases of billable services, such as cellular communication services, circuit switching is characterized by a fee per unit of connection time", "572634a789a1e219009ac56d": " a fee per unit", "572634a789a1e219009ac56e": " a fee per unit", "572634a789a1e219009ac56f": " a fee per unit", "5726219489a1e219009ac2ce": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches or routers).", "5726219489a1e219009ac2cf": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches or routers).", "5726219489a1e219009ac2d0": " radio or 10BASE5),", "5726356938643c19005ad2ff": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches or routers).", "5726356938643c19005ad300": "Packet mode communication may be implemented with or without intermediate forwarding nodes (packet switches or routers).", "5726356938643c19005ad301": " radio or 10BASE5),", "5726249538643c19005ad07f": " a general architecture", "5726249538643c19005ad080": " Report P-2626", "5726249538643c19005ad081": " block switching during his research at the RAND Corporation for the US Air Force into survivable communications networks, first presented to the Air Force", "5726249538643c19005ad082": " Report P-2626 described a general architecture", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4a": " Report P-2626", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4c": " RAND report P-2626 in 1962, and finally in report RM 3420 in 1964. Report P-2626", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc49": " Report P-2626", "57263677ec44d21400f3dc4b": " a decentralized network", "572629c6271a42140099d6a3": " Lawrence Roberts", "572629c6271a42140099d6a4": " Lawrence Roberts", "572629c6271a42140099d6a5": " Lawrence Roberts", "572629c6271a42140099d6a6": "Roger Scantlebury", "5726378238643c19005ad313": " Donald Davies at the National Physical Laboratory, UK, independently developed the same message routing methodology as developed by Baran", "5726378238643c19005ad314": " Davies' team (Roger Scantlebury", "5726378238643c19005ad315": "Roger Scantlebury", "5726385e271a42140099d797": "-addressable memory", "5726385e271a42140099d798": " a virtual circuit or byte stream is provided to the end-user by a transport layer protocol", "5726385e271a42140099d799": " virtual circuit or byte stream is provided to the end-user by a transport layer protocol, although intermediate network nodes only provides a connectionless network layer service", "5726385e271a42140099d79a": " virtual circuit or byte stream is provided to the end-user by a transport layer protocol, although intermediate network nodes only provides a connectionless network", "5726398589a1e219009ac58b": "Connection-oriented transmission requires a setup phase", "5726398589a1e219009ac58a": " to the switching table in each network", "5726398589a1e219009ac589": " Routing a packet", "5726398589a1e219009ac588": " a setup phase", "57263b1638643c19005ad333": " DLCI as an ID beyond a node-to-node layer two link protocol. The simplicity of Frame Relay makes it faster and more efficient", "57263b1638643c19005ad335": " DLCI as an ID beyond a node-to-node layer two link protocol. The simplicity of Frame", "57263b1638643c19005ad334": " DLCI as an ID beyond a node-to-node layer two link protocol. The simplicity of Frame", "57263b1638643c19005ad336": " DLCI as an ID beyond a node-to-node layer two link protocol. The simplicity of Frame", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7b": "ARPANET and SITA HLN", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7c": " Two fundamental differences", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7d": "UDP) is an example of a datagram", "57263c78ec44d21400f3dc7e": " SITA HLN", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8d": "90s. AppleTalk", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8e": " Apple devices through the 1980s and 90s. AppleTalk", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc8f": " networks to be established ad hoc without the requirement for a centralized router", "57263cfcec44d21400f3dc90": " Apple devices through the 1980s and 90s. AppleTalk", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a2": " CYCLADES packet", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a3": " Concepts of this network influenced later ARPANET architecture", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a4": " using unreliable datagrams", "57263dcd89a1e219009ac5a5": " Concepts of this network influenced later ARPANET architecture", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c3": " Digital Equipment Corporation", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c4": " a seven-layer OSI", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c5": " three", "57263ea0271a42140099d7c6": " a seven-layer OSI", "57263fd138643c19005ad37b": "Schenectady, Phoenix, Chicago, and Phoenix) to facilitate a computer time-sharing service", "57263fd138643c19005ad37c": " Warner was right", "57263fd138643c19005ad37d": " Warner was right", "57263fd138643c19005ad37e": " a time-sharing system", "5726414e271a42140099d7e5": " Over the next several years in addition to host to host interactive connections the network was enhanced to support terminal", "5726414e271a42140099d7e6": " Michigan's public universities", "5726414e271a42140099d7e7": " Michigan's public universities", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf5": "BBN) provided the financing. It initially used ARPANET technology", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf6": " former ARPA IPTO director", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf7": " former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf8": " GTE.", "57264228ec44d21400f3dcf9": " former ARPA IPTO director Larry Roberts", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd13": " Tymnet was also connected to dozens of other public networks in the U.S. and internationally via X.25/X", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd14": " build their own dedicated networks", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd15": " gateways", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd16": " gateways to the public network", "5726431aec44d21400f3dd17": " gateways to the public network", "572643de5951261400b5195a": " two", "572643de5951261400b5195b": " DATAP", "572643de5951261400b5195c": " TELENET and TY", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404d": " AUSTPAC was Australia's first public packet-switched data network, supporting applications such as on-line betting, financial applications \u2014 the Australian Tax Office", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404e": " AUSTPAC up until the mid-late 1990s in some cases. Access can be via a dial-up terminal to a PAD", "5726446a89cfff1900a8404f": " via a dial-up terminal", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac6": " Datanet", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac7": " KPN).", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac8": "Datanet", "57264586f1498d1400e8dac9": " KPN).", "5726462b708984140094c117": "NSF) that began operation in 1981. Its purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments at academic and research institutions", "5726462b708984140094c118": "NSF) that began operation in 1981. Its purpose was to extend networking benefits, for computer science departments", "5726462b708984140094c119": " directly connected to ARPANET, due to funding or authorization", "5726472bdd62a815002e8042": "Internet2", "5726472bdd62a815002e8043": " Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene, in 1998 and was a prime investor in the National LambdaRail", "5726472bdd62a815002e8044": "Internet2 is a not-for-profit United States computer networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government. The Internet2", "5726472bdd62a815002e8045": " Qwest, built the first Internet2 Network, called Abilene, in 1998 and was a prime investor in the National LambdaRail", "5726472bdd62a815002e8046": " Abilene", "572647e2dd62a815002e805c": "NS", "572647e2dd62a815002e805d": " NSF", "572647e2dd62a815002e805e": " NSF", "572648d1708984140094c15d": " Very high-speed Backbone Network", "572648d1708984140094c15e": " OC-48", "572648d1708984140094c15f": " MCI Telecommunications", "572648d1708984140094c160": "12", "572648d1708984140094c161": " OC-48", "57264684708984140094c123": " arid plains of Central Asia", "57264684708984140094c124": "450 million", "57264684708984140094c125": "30\u201360%", "57264684708984140094c126": "17th century", "57264684708984140094c127": "30\u201360%", "572647935951b619008f6ec9": "1338\u201339 near Lake Iss", "572647935951b619008f6eca": "25 million", "572647935951b619008f6ecb": " populations of fleas", "572647935951b619008f6ecc": " October 2010", "572647935951b619008f6ecd": "25 million", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0a": " Jani", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0b": " Genoese traders", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0c": " Europe via Genoese traders", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0d": " Sicily and the south of Europe", "57264845f1498d1400e8db0e": " Kaffa to infect the inhabitants. The Genoese traders", "572648ed5951b619008f6f03": " Germany and Scandinavia", "572648ed5951b619008f6f04": " Spain, Portugal and England", "572648ed5951b619008f6f05": " Norway in 1349 when a ship landed at Ask\u00f8y", "572648ed5951b619008f6f06": " Norway in 1349 when a ship landed at Ask\u00f8y", "572648ed5951b619008f6f07": "1349", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2e": " western Europe", "57264991f1498d1400e8db2f": "1348", "57264991f1498d1400e8db30": " Alexandria in Egypt, probably through the port's trade with Constantinople", "57264991f1498d1400e8db31": " Egypt", "57264a74708984140094c18b": " J.I. Pontanus", "57264a74708984140094c18c": " Black Death", "57264a74708984140094c18d": " J.I. Pontanus", "57264a74708984140094c18e": "1631", "57264a74708984140094c18f": " Black Death", "57264b3edd62a815002e80aa": " Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ab": " Mias", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ac": " Miasma theory", "57264b3edd62a815002e80ad": " Miasma theory", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c6": " Yersinia pest", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c7": " Yersinia pestis, also responsible for an epidemic that began in southern China", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c8": " Paul-Louis Simond and was found to involve the bites of fleas whose midguts had become obstructed by replicating Y. pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80c9": " Yersinia pestis", "57264c42dd62a815002e80ca": " Yersinia pestis", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e4": " Francis Aidan", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e5": "Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e6": "1893", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e7": "Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague", "57264cc6dd62a815002e80e8": "Great Pestilence' in 1893 and suggested that \"it would appear to be some form of the ordinary Eastern or bubonic plague", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7a": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7b": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7c": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7d": "30\u201375%", "57264d58f1498d1400e8db7e": "90 to 95 percent", "57264e2f708984140094c1e1": " October 2010", "57264e2f708984140094c1e2": " a paper by a multinational team who undertook a new investigation into the role of Yersinia pestis", "57264e2f708984140094c1e3": " Polymer", "57264e2f708984140094c1e4": " Black Death", "57264e2f708984140094c1e5": " Black Death", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbae": " clades", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbaf": "genetic", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb0": " modern isolates", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb1": " op Zoom", "57264f18f1498d1400e8dbb2": " November 1347", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa1": " Black Death", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa2": " East Smith", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa3": " ancestral", "57264fe65951b619008f6fa4": " October 2011", "5726509bdd62a815002e815a": " J. F. D.", "5726509bdd62a815002e815b": " bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death", "5726509bdd62a815002e815c": " inconsistent with the modern bubonic plague", "5726509bdd62a815002e815d": " bubonic plague theory directly, and his doubts about the identity of the Black Death", "5726509bdd62a815002e815e": " J. F. D. Shrewsbury", "5726516a708984140094c223": "1377", "5726516a708984140094c224": " an identification", "5726516a708984140094c225": " over 100%", "5726516a708984140094c226": " England", "5726516a708984140094c227": "100% as no census was undertaken between the time of publication of the Domesday Book and the year 1377", "57265285708984140094c25b": " to account for a bubonic plague", "57265285708984140094c25c": "5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague\u2014which often becomes endemic for decades with annual flare", "57265285708984140094c25d": " to account for a bubonic plague", "57265285708984140094c25e": "5 to 15 years, differs from modern bubonic plague", "57265285708984140094c25f": "17", "5726534d708984140094c26d": " infectious disease", "5726534d708984140094c26e": "25 bodies", "5726534d708984140094c26f": " Scott and Duncan have argued that the pandemic was a form of infectious disease that characterise as hemorrhagic plague", "5726534d708984140094c270": " Y. pestis", "5726534d708984140094c271": "25 bodies", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc28": "40%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc29": "40%", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2a": "50% of the population to die. The disease bypassed some areas, and the most isolated areas were less vulnerable to contagion", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2b": "40% of Egypt's population. Half of Paris's population of 100,000", "5726542ff1498d1400e8dc2c": " Half of Paris", "572654e2708984140094c2b7": "1346", "572654e2708984140094c2b8": "France alone lost almost a million", "572654e2708984140094c2b9": "1481\u201385; 1500\u201303; 1518\u201331; 1544\u201348", "5726559edd62a815002e81c8": " low as 2 million. By the end of 1350, the Black Death subsided, but it never really died out in England", "5726559edd62a815002e81c9": "1498", "5726559edd62a815002e81ca": "7 million", "5726559edd62a815002e81cb": "1498", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc68": "40,000", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc69": " Paris", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6b": " Black Death", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6c": "1563, 1593", "57265642f1498d1400e8dc6a": "40,000", "57265700dd62a815002e820e": "14% of the population. In 1656, the plague killed about half of Naples' 300,000", "57265700dd62a815002e820f": "14% of the population. In 1656, the plague killed about half of Naples' 300,000", "57265700dd62a815002e8210": "14% of the population. In 1656, the plague killed about half of Naples' 300,000", "57265700dd62a815002e8211": " half. In 1709\u201313, a plague epidemic that followed the Great Northern War (1700\u201321, Sweden v. Russia and allies", "57265700dd62a815002e8212": "1656", "5726577f708984140094c301": "1654", "5726577f708984140094c302": " thirty", "5726577f708984140094c303": "30 to 50 thousand", "5726577f708984140094c304": "30 to 50 thousand", "572657d9dd62a815002e8230": " metamorphic rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8231": " magma", "572657d9dd62a815002e8232": " sedimentary rock", "572657d9dd62a815002e8233": " metamorphic. The rock cycle", "572657d9dd62a815002e8234": " The rock cycle", "57265d08708984140094c397": " plate tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c398": " upper mantle, is separated into a number of tectonic plates", "57265d08708984140094c399": " plate tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c39a": " plate tectonics", "57265d08708984140094c39b": "1960s", "57265f605951b619008f70db": " Mid-ocean ridges, high regions on the seafloor where hydrothermal vents and volcanoes", "57265f605951b619008f70dc": " Mid-ocean ridges, high regions on the seafloor where hydrothermal vents and volcanoes", "57265f605951b619008f70dd": " Mid-ocean ridges, high regions on the seafloor where hydrothermal vents and volcanoes", "57265f605951b619008f70de": " Transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas fault system, resulted in widespread powerful earthquakes. Plate tecton", "57265f605951b619008f70df": " plate tectonics", "57266193dd62a815002e832a": " image the interior of the Earth. Early advances in this field showed the existence of a liquid outer", "57266193dd62a815002e832b": " reverse to image the interior of the Earth. Early advances in this field showed the existence of a liquid outer", "57266193dd62a815002e832d": " reverse to image the interior of the Earth. Early advances in this field showed the existence of a liquid outer", "57266193dd62a815002e832e": " liquid outer core", "57266193dd62a815002e832c": "Seism", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf2": " expanded in the third scale. Since the Quaternary is a very short period with short epochs, it is further expanded in the fourth", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf4": " asterisks. The Holocene", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf5": " Quaternary is a very short period with short epochs, it is further expanded in the fourth scale. The second, third, and fourth timelines", "572663a9f1498d1400e8ddf6": " third scale. Since the Quaternary is a very short period with short epochs, it is further expanded in the fourth", "572665ff708984140094c4c3": " younger than the rocks", "572665ff708984140094c4c4": " through which they cut. Faults", "572665ff708984140094c4c5": " younger than the fault", "572665ff708984140094c4c6": " younger than the fault. Finding the key bed in these situations may help determine whether the fault is a normal fault or a thrust fault", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de90": " magma", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de91": " magma or lava flows, and are incorporated, later to cool in the matrix. As a result, xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de92": " magma", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de93": " magma or lava flows, and are incorporated, later to cool in the matrix. As a result, xenoliths", "572667e2f1498d1400e8de94": " magma", "572669a9dd62a815002e8416": " William Smith", "572669a9dd62a815002e8417": " William Smith", "572669a9dd62a815002e8418": " William Smith almost a hundred years before the publication of Charles Darwin's theory", "572669a9dd62a815002e8419": " William Smith almost a hundred years before the publication of Charles Darwin's theory", "572669a9dd62a815002e841a": " faunal succession", "57266c015951b619008f7237": "20th century", "57266c015951b619008f7238": " the ability to obtain accurate absolute dates to geologic events", "57266c015951b619008f7239": " geologic events", "57266c015951b619008f723a": " geologic events", "57266c015951b619008f723b": "20th century", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8c": " uranium-lead", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8d": " minerals", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8e": " uranium-lead", "57266e72f1498d1400e8df8f": " a stratigraphic sequence can provide absolute age data", "5726701add62a815002e84c8": " rock units", "5726701add62a815002e84c9": " faulting", "5726701add62a815002e84ca": "When rock", "5726701add62a815002e84cb": "When rock", "5726701add62a815002e84cc": " rock layers", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe4": " ductilely stretched are often also metamorphosed. These stretched rocks can also pinch into lenses, known as boudins", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe5": "Extension causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner. This is primarily accomplished through normal faulting and through the ductile stretching and thin", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe6": " the depth", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe7": " ductile stretching and thin", "572671a5f1498d1400e8dfe8": "Extension causes the rock units as a whole to become longer and thinner. This is primarily accomplished through normal faulting and through the ductile stretching and thin", "572673f5708984140094c69b": " Volcan", "572673f5708984140094c69c": " emplacement", "572673f5708984140094c69d": " sediments", "572673f5708984140094c69e": " Continual motion", "572673f5708984140094c69f": " Volcan", "57267640f1498d1400e8e074": " layered bas", "57267640f1498d1400e8e075": " layered basaltic lava flows", "57267640f1498d1400e8e076": " single environment", "57267640f1498d1400e8e077": " Cambrian time", "57267640f1498d1400e8e078": " single environment", "572677e7708984140094c723": " a number of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", "572677e7708984140094c724": " petrology (the study of rocks), stratigraphy (the study of sedimentary layers), and structural geology", "572677e7708984140094c725": " a number of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", "572677e7708984140094c726": " a number of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ec": " electron microprobe", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ed": " conoscopic lens", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ee": " optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe. In an optical mineralogy analysis, thin sections of rock samples are analyzed through a petrographic microscope", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0ef": " optical microscopy and by using an electron microprobe. In an optical mineralogy analysis, thin sections of rock samples are analyzed through a petrographic microscope", "57267947f1498d1400e8e0f0": " petrographic microscope", "57267b3c5951b619008f7423": " through igneous and metamorphic processes", "57267b3c5951b619008f7424": " through igneous and metamorphic processes", "57267b3c5951b619008f7425": " fluid inclusion data and perform high temperature", "57267d52708984140094c7d9": " microscopic analysis", "57267d52708984140094c7da": " microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections", "57267d52708984140094c7db": " better understand", "57267d52708984140094c7dc": " microscopic analysis of oriented thin sections", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872c": "ogenic", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872d": " mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872e": "ogenic wedges, which are zones in which mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries", "57267ebfdd62a815002e872f": " mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate boundaries", "57267ebfdd62a815002e8730": " mountains are built along convergent tectonic plate", "57268066708984140094c821": " Stratigraphers", "57268066708984140094c822": " Geophysical data", "57268066708984140094c823": " Geophysical data", "57268066708984140094c824": " computer programs", "57268066708984140094c825": " stratigraphers analyze samples of stratigraphic sections that can be returned from the field, such as those from drill cores. Stratigraphers", "57268220f1498d1400e8e218": " date the core and to understand the depos", "57268220f1498d1400e8e216": " Geochronologists", "57268220f1498d1400e8e219": " Geochronologists", "57268220f1498d1400e8e217": " Geochronologists", "572683f95951b619008f7525": " Persia after the Muslim conquests", "572683f95951b619008f7526": " Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia after the Muslim conquests", "572683f95951b619008f7527": " Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni (973\u20131048", "572683f95951b619008f7528": " Abu al-Rayhan", "572683f95951b619008f7529": " Abu al-Rayhan", "57268527708984140094c8bf": "James Hutton", "57268527708984140094c8c0": " Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "57268527708984140094c8c1": "1785", "57268527708984140094c8c2": " Theory of the Earth to the Royal Society of Edinburgh", "572686ac5951b619008f75a9": " William Maclure", "572686ac5951b619008f75aa": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ab": "1809", "572686ac5951b619008f75ad": "50 times. The results of his unaided labours were submitted to the American Philosophical Society", "572686ac5951b619008f75ac": " American Philosophical Society", "57268882f1498d1400e8e306": " Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e307": " Charles Darwin, successfully promoted the doctrine of uniformitarianism", "57268882f1498d1400e8e308": "Sir Charles Lyell", "57268882f1498d1400e8e309": "Sir Charles Lyell", "57268882f1498d1400e8e30a": "Sir Charles Lyell", "5726642f5951b619008f7157": "103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277", "5726642f5951b619008f7158": "103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277", "5726642f5951b619008f7159": " Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear", "5726642f5951b619008f715a": " Geordie", "5726642f5951b619008f715b": " Geordie", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de30": " Robert Curthose", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de31": " Pons Aelius", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de32": " Newcastle's economy includes corporate headquarters, learning, digital technology, retail, tourism and cultural centres, from which the city contributes \u00a313 billion", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de33": "1080", "5726651ff1498d1400e8de34": " Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b1": "Roman Wall", "5726660d5951b619008f71b2": "Roman Wall", "5726660d5951b619008f71b3": "Roman Wall\"", "5726660d5951b619008f71b4": " Newcastle was Pons Aelius", "5726660d5951b619008f71b5": "Roman Wall", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b4": " Newcastle", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b5": " Newcastle was England", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b6": "25-foot (7.6 m)", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b7": " Newcastle was England", "572666d9dd62a815002e83b8": "25-foot", "57266783f1498d1400e8de86": " Newcastle was first recorded contextually in 1538. The phrase itself means a pointless pursuit. In the 18th century American Timothy Dexter", "57266783f1498d1400e8de87": " Newcastle was first recorded contextually in 1538. The phrase itself means a pointless pursuit. In the 18th century American Timothy Dexter", "57266783f1498d1400e8de88": " Newcastle was first recorded contextually in 1538. The phrase itself means a pointless pursuit. In the 18th century American Timothy Dexter", "57266783f1498d1400e8de89": "18th century American Timothy Dexter", "57266783f1498d1400e8de8a": " Newcastle was first recorded contextually in 1538. The phrase itself means a pointless pursuit. In the 18th century American Timothy Dexter", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def6": " Society", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def7": "47%", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def8": "7,000 out of 20,000", "57266a15f1498d1400e8def9": "7,000 out of 20,000", "57266a15f1498d1400e8defa": " keelmen", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8434": " Charles I", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8435": " Charles I", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8436": "Fortiter Defendit Triumph", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8437": "Fortiter Defendit Triumph", "57266ab3dd62a815002e8438": " Charles I", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df53": " underground wagon ways", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df54": " powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df55": " Newcastle and surrounding areas included the development of safety lamps", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df52": " prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution", "57266cc9f1498d1400e8df56": " prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df78": " Narrow alleys or 'chares", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df79": " Stairs from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre and the extant Castle", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7a": " Newcastle still retains a medieval street layout. Narrow alle", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7b": " Stairs from the riverside to higher parts of the city centre and the extant Castle", "57266dd4f1498d1400e8df7c": " Narrow alle", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a0": " Tyneside Classical", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a1": " Tyneside Classical", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a2": " Tyneside Classical largely developed in the 1830s by Richard Grainger and John Dobson", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a3": "1960s", "57266ec2dd62a815002e84a4": " Tyneside Classical", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa4": " Newcastle United Football Club", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa5": " right to graze cattle", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa7": " Newcastle United Football Club", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa8": " June", "57266fa1f1498d1400e8dfa6": " graze cattle", "57267076708984140094c601": "NewcastleGateshead\", to spearhead the regeneration of the North-East. The River Tyne had the temporary Bambuco Bridge", "57267076708984140094c602": " Gateshead Council", "57267076708984140094c603": " Gateshead Council", "57267076708984140094c604": " Contemporary Art", "57267076708984140094c605": " ten", "572671165951b619008f72b7": " Newcastle is the Grainger Town", "572671165951b619008f72b8": "1835 and 1842", "572671165951b619008f72b9": "450 buildings", "572671165951b619008f72ba": " four", "572671e55951b619008f72d7": " Laing Art Gallery", "572671e55951b619008f72d8": "1808", "572671e55951b619008f72d9": "180", "572671e55951b619008f72da": " by a fire in 1901 and replaced by latticed-steel arches", "572671e55951b619008f72db": " latticed", "57267383dd62a815002e8552": "K\u00f6ppen", "57267383dd62a815002e8553": " warming", "57267383dd62a815002e8554": " warming influence", "57267383dd62a815002e8555": " August 1990 down to \u221212.6 \u00b0C (9.3 \u00b0F) during January 1982", "57267383dd62a815002e8556": " oceanic", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03a": "2010", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03b": " Newcastle City Centre. The largest of these is the Eldon Square Shopping Centre", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03c": " Newcastle City Centre. The largest of these is the Eldon Square Shopping Centre", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03d": " department, a new for merchant custom", "572674f6f1498d1400e8e03e": "2010", "5726769c708984140094c711": " shopping areas are Gosforth and Byker. The largest Tesco store in the United Kingdom is located in Kingston Park", "5726769c708984140094c712": " Monument Mall", "5726769c708984140094c713": " Kingston Park", "5726769c708984140094c714": " Newgate Centre, Central Arcade", "5726769c708984140094c715": " Kingston Park", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ac": " Architects Cany Ash and Robert Sakula were attracted by the possibilities of high density without building high and getting rid of common areas", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ad": " South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne. Tyneside flats", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0ae": " Ouseburn valley", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0af": "The Tyneside flat", "5726778df1498d1400e8e0b0": " South Heaton in Newcastle but once dominated the streetscape on both sides of the Tyne. Tyneside flats", "572678c0dd62a815002e863e": "25.6%,", "572678c0dd62a815002e863f": " flats and waterside apartments", "572678c0dd62a815002e8640": " Manchester and Liverpool", "572678c0dd62a815002e8641": " Manchester and Liverpool", "572678c0dd62a815002e8642": " Harrogate, Cheltenham", "572679c35951b619008f73db": "2001", "572679c35951b619008f73dc": " Newcastle and Northumbria", "572679c35951b619008f73dd": " Newcastle and Northumbria", "572679c35951b619008f73de": " Newcastle and Northumbria", "572679c35951b619008f73df": "259,000", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e122": "37.8 (the national average being 38.6).", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e123": " Scottish or Irish ancestors. There is a strong presence of Border Reiver surnames", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e124": " Scottish or Irish ancestors. There is a strong presence of Border Reiver surnames", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e125": "37.8 (the national average being 38.6).", "57267a94f1498d1400e8e126": "1%", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a6": " Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a7": " Anglo-Saxon populations", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a8": "deed\", \"coo\",", "57267b65dd62a815002e86a9": " Geordie", "57267b65dd62a815002e86aa": " Anglo-Saxon populations", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d6": "child\" and \"home\", respectively, are examples of Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d7": " Scandinavia", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d8": "come on\"), \"stot\" (\"bounce\") and \"hadaway\" (\"go away\" or \"you're kidding", "57267c63dd62a815002e86d9": "\"Bair", "57267c63dd62a815002e86da": "child\" and \"home\", respectively, are examples of Geordie words with origins in Scandinavia", "57267ce7708984140094c7c9": " University College London", "57267ce7708984140094c7ca": " Danish hearing aid", "57267ce7708984140094c7cb": " Newcastle", "57267ce7708984140094c7cc": " Danish hearing aid", "57267ce7708984140094c7cd": " Newcastle was named as the noisi", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e194": "Diamond Strip' due to its concentration of high-end bars, Neville Street, the Central Station area and Osborne Road", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e195": " Newcastle's gay scene - 'The Pink Triangle' - is centred on the Times Square", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e196": "12", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e197": "Diamond Strip' due to its concentration of high-end bars, Neville Street", "57267de1f1498d1400e8e198": " Bigg Market, and other popular areas for nightlife are Collingwood Street", "57267f695951b619008f74bd": " proud history of theatre", "57267f695951b619008f74be": " Stephen Kem", "57267f695951b619008f74bf": " Newcastle. Stephen Kem", "57267f695951b619008f74c0": "21 January 1788", "57267f695951b619008f74c1": " Mosley Street", "5726800add62a815002e8750": " Royal Shakespeare Company", "5726800add62a815002e8751": " Mill Volvo Tyne Theatre", "5726800add62a815002e8752": " Newcastle Playhouse and Gulben", "5726800add62a815002e8753": " Live Theatre", "5726800add62a815002e8754": " Mill Volvo Tyne Theatre", "572680865951b619008f74e7": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne", "572680865951b619008f74e8": "150,000", "572680865951b619008f74e9": "Lit & Phil", "572680865951b619008f74ea": " Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne", "572680865951b619008f74eb": " John and Benjamin Green", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fa": " Newcastle and Gateshead Quaysides", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fb": " April. In May", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fc": " takes place in April. In May, Newcastle and Gateshead host the Evolution Festival", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fd": " Newcastle and Gateshead Quaysides", "57268109f1498d1400e8e1fe": "2 weeks", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23c": " Newcastle Community Green Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23d": " early 1880s", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23e": " Newcastle Town Moor every June. The event has its origins in the Temperance Movement", "57268341f1498d1400e8e23f": " Newcastle Community Green Festival", "57268341f1498d1400e8e240": " Ouseburn Festival", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24c": " Design Event festival\u2014an", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24e": " Norman Foster designed Sage Gateshead Music and Arts Centre", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24f": " Design Event festival\u2014an", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e250": " two-day multicultural", "572683e6f1498d1400e8e24d": " NewcastleGates", "5726847f708984140094c8ab": " Geordie", "5726847f708984140094c8ac": "1979", "5726847f708984140094c8ad": "Lindis", "5726847f708984140094c8ae": "Lindis", "5726847f708984140094c8af": " Geordie", "57268525dd62a815002e8806": " Old Town Hall", "57268525dd62a815002e8807": " Old Town Hall", "57268525dd62a815002e8808": " three", "57268525dd62a815002e8809": " Old Town Hall", "57268525dd62a815002e880a": " Old Town Hall", "57268692dd62a815002e8826": " Newcastle on Tyne Museum", "57268692dd62a815002e8827": " Great North Museum (Hancock Museum); Seven Stories", "57268692dd62a815002e8828": " Great North Museum (Hancock Museum); Seven Stories", "57268692dd62a815002e8829": "2009", "57268692dd62a815002e882a": " Centre for Life with its Science Village", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e2": " noir thriller Stormy Monday", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e3": " noir thriller Stormy Monday", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e4": " noir thriller Stormy Monday", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e5": " Mike Figgis", "57268731f1498d1400e8e2e6": " noir thriller Stormy Monday", "572687e1dd62a815002e8852": " Brough Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8853": " Newcastle Diamonds are based at Brough Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8854": " Newcastle Diamonds are based at Brough Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8855": " Brough Park", "572687e1dd62a815002e8856": " Blaydon Races", "57268885dd62a815002e886a": "6 miles", "57268885dd62a815002e886b": " approximately 20 minutes", "57268885dd62a815002e886c": "20 minutes", "57268885dd62a815002e886d": "20 minutes. The airport handles over five million", "57268885dd62a815002e886e": "20 minutes. The airport handles over five million", "572689385951b619008f761b": " enhanced", "572689385951b619008f761c": " six", "572689385951b619008f761d": " enhanced; transforming the 19th century public portico", "572689385951b619008f761e": " John Dobson", "572689385951b619008f761f": " Glazing was placed over the historic arches and the Victorian architecture", "572689b6dd62a815002e8890": " Edinburgh", "572689b6dd62a815002e8891": " three", "572689b6dd62a815002e8892": " Durham, Darlington, York, Doncaster, Newark North Gate and Peterborough and north to Scotland with all trains calling at Edinburgh", "572689b6dd62a815002e8893": " Edinburgh and a small number of trains extended to Glasgow, Aberdeen and Inverness. CrossCountry", "572689b6dd62a815002e8894": " First TransPenn", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88ce": " Tyne and Wear Metro", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88cf": " five", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d0": " Tyne and Wear Metro", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d1": " Tyne and Wear", "57268a8fdd62a815002e88d2": " five", "57268bb25951b619008f7645": " North Shields", "57268bb25951b619008f7646": " All Change.' The programme has replaced all ticket machines", "57268bb25951b619008f7647": " North Shields", "57268bb25951b619008f7648": " procurement of an entirely new fleet of trains and further extensions to the system. Proposed routes", "57268bb25951b619008f7649": " North Shields", "57268d1b708984140094c9cd": " A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass", "57268d1b708984140094c9ce": " A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass", "57268d1b708984140094c9cf": " A1 (Gateshead Newcastle Western Bypass", "57268d1b708984140094c9d0": "Coast Road", "57268d1b708984140094c9d1": " A1 (Gateshead Newcastle", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e6": " two", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e7": "3 main bus companies providing services in the city; Arriva North East, Go North East and Stagecoach North East. There are two", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e8": " Go North East", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3e9": " Haymarket bus station and Eldon Square bus station. Arriva mainly operates from Haymarket Bus Station", "57268ff9f1498d1400e8e3ea": " Haymarket bus station and Eldon Square bus station. Arriva mainly operates from Haymarket Bus Station", "57269120708984140094ca59": "1998", "57269120708984140094ca5a": " cycling to cut city congestion", "57269120708984140094ca5b": " cycling include: highlighting the usage of cycling to cut city congestion", "57269120708984140094ca5c": " National Cycling", "57269120708984140094ca5d": " cycling to cut city congestion", "5726934f5951b619008f771d": " Gothenburg, Sweden", "5726934f5951b619008f771e": " October 2006", "5726934f5951b619008f771f": " IJmuid", "5726934f5951b619008f7720": " October 2006", "5726934f5951b619008f7721": " Newcastle International Ferry", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4e": " eleven LEA-funded 11 to 18 schools and seven", "57269526dd62a815002e8a4f": " eleven", "57269526dd62a815002e8a50": " Royal Grammar School", "57269526dd62a815002e8a51": " Royal Grammar School", "57269526dd62a815002e8a52": " Royal Grammar School", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6c": " two", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6d": " Newcastle University is now one of the UK's leading international universities. It won the coveted Sunday Times", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6e": " coveted Sunday Times", "57269698dd62a815002e8a6f": " Newcastle University is now one of the UK's leading international universities. It won the coveted Sunday Times", "57269698dd62a815002e8a70": " Newcastle University and Northumbria", "572699b55951b619008f778f": " three", "572699b55951b619008f7790": "1882", "572699b55951b619008f7791": " Anglican St. Nicholas", "572699b55951b619008f7792": " St Mary", "572699b55951b619008f7793": " Anglican St. Nicholas, with its elegant lantern tower of 1474", "57269b165951b619008f77b3": " Parish Church", "57269b165951b619008f77b4": "1726", "57269b165951b619008f77b5": "12th Century", "57269b165951b619008f77b6": "the oldest church in this town'. The present building was begun in the 12th Century", "57269b165951b619008f77b7": " St Andrew is traditionally recognised as 'the oldest church in this town'. The present building was begun in the 12th Century", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ca": " City Road", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cb": " City Road", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cc": "ITV Tyne", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4cd": " located to the north of the city on Barrack Road", "57269c26f1498d1400e8e4ce": " City", "57269d745951b619008f77d7": " Radio Tyneside", "57269d745951b619008f77d8": " Radio Lollipop station based at the Great North Children's Hospital in the Newcastle Royal Victoria Infirmary", "57269d745951b619008f77d9": "1951, broadcasting", "57269d745951b619008f77da": "NE1fm", "57269d745951b619008f77db": " Newcastle University", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e520": "1770. Basil Hume, Archbishop of Westminster, was born in the city in 1923", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e521": " Basil Bunting, and Lord Chief Justice", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e522": "Charles Avison", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e523": " concertos", "57269e80f1498d1400e8e524": " Lord Armstrong, engineer and father of the modern steam railways George Steph", "57269fab5951b619008f7807": " Newcastle. Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch were both former pupils of Rutherford Grammar School", "57269fab5951b619008f7808": "Musicians Eric Burdon, Sting, Mark Knopfler, Alan Hull, Cheryl Cole and Neil Tenn", "57269fab5951b619008f7809": " Newcastle. Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch were both former pupils of Rutherford Grammar School", "57269fab5951b619008f780a": " Newcastle", "57269fab5951b619008f780b": " Newcastle. Hank Marvin and Bruce Welch were both former pupils of Rutherford Grammar School", "5726710b708984140094c61d": " Queen Victoria", "5726710b708984140094c61e": "4.5 million", "5726710b708984140094c61f": "Albertopolis", "5726710b708984140094c620": " Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", "572680ac708984140094c83d": " Brompton district", "572680ac708984140094c83e": "1852", "572680ac708984140094c83f": " Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea", "572680ac708984140094c840": " Queen Victoria and Prince Albert", "572680ac708984140094c841": "1852", "57268294708984140094c877": "5,000", "57268294708984140094c878": "5,000", "57268294708984140094c879": "5,000", "57268294708984140094c87a": " East Asian collections", "57268294708984140094c87b": " ceramics and metalwork", "572685cd5951b619008f7573": " Museum of Manufactures", "572685cd5951b619008f7574": " Gottfried Semper", "572685cd5951b619008f7575": " Museum of Manufactures", "572685cd5951b619008f7576": " Marlborough House", "572685cd5951b619008f7577": " Gottfried Semper", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e378": " Queen", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e379": "22 June 1857", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37a": " Queen Victoria", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37b": "1893", "57268d02f1498d1400e8e37c": "1949", "57268f2c708984140094ca25": " September and November 1946", "57268f2c708984140094ca26": " nearly a million", "57268f2c708984140094ca27": " British government", "57268f2c708984140094ca28": " British industry\". The success of this exhibition led to the planning of the Festival of Britain", "57268f2c708984140094ca29": " September and November 1946, attracting nearly a million and a half visitors. This was organised by the Council of Industrial Design", "572691d7708984140094ca6d": " rock concert", "572691d7708984140094ca6e": " Gryphon, who explored the lineage of mediaeval music", "572691d7708984140094ca6f": " Gryphon, who explored the lineage of mediaeval music", "572691d7708984140094ca70": " Gryphon, who explored the lineage of mediaeval music", "57269656708984140094cafd": " V&A is in discussion with the University of Dundee, University of Abertay, Dundee City Council", "57269656708984140094cafe": " \u00a376 million", "57269656708984140094caff": " \u00a376 million, it is the most expensive gallery project ever undertaken in Scotland", "57269656708984140094cb00": " University of Dundee, University of Abertay, Dundee City Council and the Scottish Government with a view to opening a new \u00a343 million gallery", "57269656708984140094cb01": "2015", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a98": " Brompton", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a99": " Sheepshanks Gallery", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9a": " Captain Francis", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9b": "1857", "572698d7dd62a815002e8a9c": " V&A Museum of Childhood. The first building to be erected that still forms part of the museum was the Sheepshanks Gallery", "57269c06708984140094cba1": " Lord Leighton", "57269c06708984140094cba2": " Italian Renaissance", "57269c06708984140094cba3": " Lord Leighton", "57269c06708984140094cba4": " Italian Renaissance", "57269c06708984140094cba5": " Italian Renaissance", "57269d68708984140094cbd7": " James Gamble", "57269d68708984140094cbd8": " James Gamble", "57269d68708984140094cbd9": " James Gamble", "57269d68708984140094cbda": " James Gamble", "57269d68708984140094cbdb": " James Gamble", "5726a0205951b619008f781b": " Captain Francis Fowke", "5726a0205951b619008f781c": " Portland stone", "5726a0205951b619008f781d": " Portland stone", "5726a0205951b619008f781e": " north west of the garden the five-storey School for Naval Architects (also known as the science schools", "5726a0205951b619008f781f": "1867", "5726a2445951b619008f7861": "Continuing the style of the earlier buildings, various designers were responsible for the decoration, the terracotta embellishments were again the work of Godfrey", "5726a2445951b619008f7862": " Scott was the Art Library", "5726a2445951b619008f7863": " Art Library", "5726a2445951b619008f7864": " Sir John Taylor", "5726a2445951b619008f7865": " Scott was the Art Library", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5fe": " Aston Webb", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e5ff": " red brick and Portland stone", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e600": "220 m)", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e601": " red brick and Portland stone", "5726a5b5f1498d1400e8e602": " red brick and Portland stone", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4b": " Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4c": " four", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4d": " Alfred Drury", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4e": " East and West Halls, the areas occupied by the shop and Asian Galleries as well as the Costume Gallery", "5726a9ff708984140094cd4f": " Alfred Drury", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9e": " Henry Cole wing", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8c9f": " boiler house", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca0": " Henry Cole wing", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca1": " Henry Cole wing", "5726ace8dd62a815002e8ca2": " Art Library", "5726afeb708984140094cdd7": " V&A and RIBA reading rooms and stores, metalware, Members' Room, contemporary glass, the Gilbert Bayes", "5726afeb708984140094cdd8": " V&A and RIBA reading rooms and stores, metalware", "5726afeb708984140094cdd9": " Eva Ji\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1", "5726afeb708984140094cdda": " Eva Ji\u0159i\u010dn\u00e1", "5726afeb708984140094cddb": " V&A", "5726b12f5951b619008f7aaf": " Kim Wilkie", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab0": " receptions", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab1": " formal; there is an elliptical water", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab2": " receptions", "5726b12f5951b619008f7ab3": " John Madejski", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e4": "2004", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e5": " displays using models, photographs, elements from buildings and original drawings. With the opening of the new gallery, the RIBA Draw", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e7": "700,000", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e6": " RIBA Drawings", "5726b2fcf1498d1400e8e7e8": "700,000", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b99": "Not only are all the major British", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9a": " Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Nicholas Hawksmoor, William Kent, James Gibbs, Robert Adam, Sir William Chambers", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9b": " four", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9c": " Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Nicholas Hawksmoor, William Kent, James Gibbs, Robert Adam, Sir William Chambers", "5726b6e05951b619008f7b9d": " Jacques Gentilhatre and Antonio Visentini", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6a": " Sir Paul Pindar", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6b": " Bishopsgate with elaborately carved wood work and leaded windows, a rare survivor of the Great Fire of London", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6c": "1523", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6d": " Italian Renaissance", "5726ba83dd62a815002e8e6e": " brick portal from a London house of the English Restoration period and a fireplace from the gallery of Northumberland house", "5726bc505951b619008f7c79": "19,000", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7a": "2006", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7b": " exquisite calligraphy dating from various periods are on display. A 15th-century minbar from a Cairo mosque", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7c": " exquisite calligraphy dating from various periods are on display. A 15th-century minbar from a Cairo mosque", "5726bc505951b619008f7c7d": "2006", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c0": "10,000", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c1": "10,000", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c2": "10,000", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c4": "1991", "5726bdc6f1498d1400e8e9c3": " Hindu, Buddhist and Jain. The gallery is richly endowed with art of the Mughal Empire", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfd": "70,000", "5726bf325951b619008f7cfe": " Japan and Korea. The T. T. Tsui Gallery", "5726bf325951b619008f7cff": " T. T. Tsui Gallery", "5726bf325951b619008f7d00": "1991", "5726bf325951b619008f7d01": " East Asia: China, Japan and Korea", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd8": " Mazarin Chest", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fd9": "1986", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fda": " December 1986", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdb": " December 1986", "5726c4b5dd62a815002e8fdc": " Suzuki Chokichi's bronze incense", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de7": " gold", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de8": " displays span the 6th to 19th centuries. Refined Hindu and Buddhist", "5726c80c5951b619008f7de9": "The smaller galleries cover Korea", "5726c80c5951b619008f7dea": " India; items on show include betel-nut cutters", "5726c80c5951b619008f7deb": " smaller galleries cover Korea, the Himalayan kingdoms and South East Asia", "5726c9a4708984140094d16f": " Codex Forster, some of Leonardo da Vinci", "5726c9a4708984140094d170": " Giovanni Boccaccio, Dante, Racine, Rabelais and Moli\u00e8re", "5726c9a4708984140094d171": "14,000", "5726c9a4708984140094d172": "1876", "5726c9a4708984140094d173": "1869", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9086": " Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9087": " Charles Dickens", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9088": " Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", "5726cc11dd62a815002e9089": " Charles Dickens and Beatrix Potter", "5726cc11dd62a815002e908a": " William Morris", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc4": " MODES cataloging system", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc5": " MODES cataloging system", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc6": " MODES cataloging system", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc8": " MODES cataloging system", "5726ce11f1498d1400e8ebc7": " MODES cataloging system", "5726cfa3708984140094d209": "2007", "5726cfa3708984140094d20a": " Factory Project", "5726cfa3708984140094d20b": " digitize their collection. A large scale digitization project began in 2007 in that department. That project was entitled the Factory Project", "5726cfa3708984140094d20c": "15,000", "5726cfa3708984140094d20d": " Factory Project", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f69": " British patrons", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6a": " Gian Lorenzo Bernini", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6b": " Gian Lorenzo Bernini", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6c": " Gian Lorenzo Bernini", "5726d4a45951b619008f7f6d": " Gian Lorenzo Bernini", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdb": " increase in tea drinking led to the production of tea paraphernalia", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecda": " Tudor period", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecde": " John Ruskin", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdc": " tea paraphernalia", "5726d7faf1498d1400e8ecdd": " Tudor period was influenced by the spread of printed books and the work of European artists", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed16": " Donatello", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed17": " Italian Renaissance", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed18": " Donatello", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed19": " Italian Renaissance", "5726d993f1498d1400e8ed1a": " by a full-scale replica of Trajan's Column", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e4": "1909", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e5": " Frederick II the Great. Ceramics", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e6": "1909", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e7": "1909", "5726dba1dd62a815002e92e8": " Frederick II the Great. Ceramics from the Manufacture nationale de S\u00e8vres", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd8": " Bernard Palissy", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edd9": " Delftware", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8edda": " Josiah Wedgwood", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddb": " Germany and Switzerland", "5726dd71f1498d1400e8eddc": " Delftware", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ab": " over 600", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ac": "600", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ad": " Ancient Egypt", "5726de7a5951b619008f80af": " Ancient Egypt", "5726de7a5951b619008f80ae": " Ancient Egypt", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee52": "1994", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee53": " Dale", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee54": "1994", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee55": " chandelier", "5726e06df1498d1400e8ee56": "1994", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c4": " over 10,000", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c5": " over 10,000", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c6": " John Russell, Angelica Kauffman", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c7": " John Russell, Angelica Kauffman, John Flaxman, Hugh Douglas Hamilton", "5726e1fcdd62a815002e93c8": " John Russell, Angelica Kauffman, John Flaxman, Hugh Douglas Hamilton", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed8": "14,000", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eed9": " V&A received the Talbot Hughes", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eeda": " special occasions", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedb": "1913", "5726e37ef1498d1400e8eedc": " Word and Image department. Because everyday clothing from previous eras has not generally survived, the collection is dominated by fashionable clothes", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9438": "2002", "5726e4eedd62a815002e9439": " Museum acquired the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943a": "178 Viv", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943b": " Museum acquired the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood", "5726e4eedd62a815002e943c": " Museum acquired the Costiff collection of 178 Vivienne Westwood", "5726e680dd62a815002e946e": "1882", "5726e680dd62a815002e946f": "1882", "5726e680dd62a815002e9470": " Italian and French Renaissance", "5726e680dd62a815002e9471": "1882", "5726e680dd62a815002e9472": " \u00a3250,000", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a4": "1861\u20131867", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a5": " Hans Vredeman", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a6": "1861\u20131867", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a7": " Antwerp City Hall", "5726e834dd62a815002e94a8": " Le Corbus", "5726e9c65951b619008f8247": "600", "5726e9c65951b619008f8248": " jewelers Cartier", "5726e9c65951b619008f8249": "1869", "5726e9c65951b619008f824a": "600", "5726e9c65951b619008f824b": " jewelers Cartier", "5726ee28708984140094d656": " Sir George Gilbert Scott", "5726ee28708984140094d657": "1900", "5726ee28708984140094d658": " over 10,000", "5726ee28708984140094d659": " Sir George Gilbert Scott", "5726ee28708984140094d655": "149", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959e": "1527", "5726ef12dd62a815002e959f": " Becket Casket dated c1180 to contain relics of St Thomas Becket", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a0": " Becket Casket dated c1180 to contain relics of St Thomas Becket", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a1": "1527", "5726ef12dd62a815002e95a2": " Becket Casket dated c1180 to contain relics of St Thomas Becket", "5726f1ec708984140094d6aa": "5,100", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ad": " Furniture and Europe", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ab": " Chris Smith", "5726f1ec708984140094d6ac": "5,100", "5726f1ec708984140094d6a9": "2010", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bc": " seven surviving (there were ten", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bd": " seven surviving (there were ten", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0be": " seven surviving (there were ten", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0bf": " Andr\u00e9s Marzal", "5726f2bcf1498d1400e8f0c0": " Andr\u00e9s Marzal", "5726f4a0708984140094d6e9": "1857", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ea": "233", "5726f4a0708984140094d6eb": "A National Gallery", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ec": " Sheepshanks", "5726f4a0708984140094d6ed": " William Blake", "5726f755708984140094d737": " galleries of continental art 1600\u20131800", "5726f755708984140094d738": " Jean Fran\u00e7ois de Troy", "5726f755708984140094d739": " French, for example Carlo Crivelli", "5726f755708984140094d73a": " Jean Fran\u00e7ois de Troy", "5726f90b708984140094d75d": " John Thomson", "5726f90b708984140094d75e": "1897", "5726f90b708984140094d75f": "781 plates", "5726f90b708984140094d760": "781 plates. These sequences of photographs taken a fraction of a second apart capture images of different animals and humans performimg", "5726f90b708984140094d761": " John Thomson", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96ce": " post-classical European sculpture in the world", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96cf": "22,000", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d0": "22,000 objects in the collection that cover the period from about 400 AD to 1914", "5726fb18dd62a815002e96d1": " Victorian and Art Nouveau", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9706": " Santa Chiara Florence", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9707": " Chancel Chapel", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9708": " Chancel Chapel", "5726fc63dd62a815002e9709": " Donatello", "5726fc63dd62a815002e970a": " Santa Chiara Florence", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9732": "20", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9733": " Jean-Antoine Houd", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9734": "1914", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9735": " World War", "5726fe95dd62a815002e9736": " Hubert Le Sue", "572700c8dd62a815002e976a": " Nicholas Stone, Caius Gabriel", "572700c8dd62a815002e976b": " Nicholas Stone, Caius Gabriel", "572700c8dd62a815002e976c": " Nicholas Stone, Caius Gabriel", "572700c8dd62a815002e976d": " Nicholas Stone, Caius Gabriel", "572702a3dd62a815002e9790": " Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein", "572702a3dd62a815002e9791": "2006", "572702a3dd62a815002e9792": " by theme", "572702a3dd62a815002e9793": " Michael Hintze", "572702a3dd62a815002e9794": " Henry Moore and Jacob Epstein", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23c": "53,000", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23d": " The collections are well represented in these areas: early silks from the Near East, lace, European tapestries and English medieval church embroidery", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23e": "53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f23f": " silks from the Near East, lace, European tapestries and English medieval church embroidery", "572703fdf1498d1400e8f240": "53,000 examples, mainly western European though all populated continents are represented, dating from the 1st century AD", "57270541dd62a815002e97c8": " tapestry", "57270541dd62a815002e97c9": " late 17th century", "57270541dd62a815002e97ca": " John Vander", "57270541dd62a815002e97cb": " Brussels", "57270541dd62a815002e97cc": " John Vander", "57270676dd62a815002e97f0": "1887", "57270676dd62a815002e97f1": " William Morris", "57270676dd62a815002e97f2": "1887", "57270676dd62a815002e97f3": " William Morris", "57270676dd62a815002e97f4": " Marion Dorn. From the same period there is a rug designed by Serge Chermayeff", "57270817708984140094d8c7": " V&A", "57270817708984140094d8c8": "2009", "57270817708984140094d8c9": " UK's biggest national collection of material", "57270817708984140094d8ca": " V&A Theatre", "57270817708984140094d8cb": " V&A Theatre", "57270ab9708984140094d8f7": " V&A and the V&A Museum", "57270ab9708984140094d8f8": "interventive", "57270ab9708984140094d8f9": "interventive", "57270ab9708984140094d8fa": "interventive", "57270ab9708984140094d8fb": "interventive", "57267b755951b619008f7433": " Disney\u2013ABC Television Group, a subsidiary of Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company", "57267b755951b619008f7434": "1957", "57267b755951b619008f7435": " New York City", "57267b755951b619008f7436": " Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street", "57267b755951b619008f7437": " Disney\u2013ABC Television Group, a subsidiary of Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company", "57267ca75951b619008f7469": " October 12, 1943", "57267ca75951b619008f746a": " radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network", "57267ca75951b619008f746b": " October 12, 1943", "57267ca75951b619008f746c": " NBC Blue Network", "57267ca75951b619008f746d": " NBC Blue Network", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8740": " eight", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8741": " Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8742": " eight", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8743": " ABC News", "57267f1cdd62a815002e8744": " Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission", "5726808bdd62a815002e8776": " Columbia Broadcasting System", "5726808bdd62a815002e8777": " Radio Corporation of America", "5726808bdd62a815002e8778": " Radio Corporation of America", "5726808bdd62a815002e8779": " Radio Corporation of America", "5726808bdd62a815002e877a": " Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company", "572681ab708984140094c85d": " Federal Communications Commission", "572681ab708984140094c85e": "1934", "572681ab708984140094c85f": "1934", "572681ab708984140094c860": " Federal Communications Commission", "572681ab708984140094c861": " complaint with the Federal Communications Commission", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fc": " Mark Woods", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fd": " Mark Woods. RCA converted the NBC Blue Network", "572684f5dd62a815002e87fe": " Mark Woods. RCA converted the NBC Blue Network", "572684f5dd62a815002e87ff": " RCA", "572684f5dd62a815002e8800": " $7.5 million", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29e": " American Broadcasting Companies", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e29f": " October 12, 1943", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a0": " John Noble", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a1": " $8 million", "572685d1f1498d1400e8e2a2": " October 12, 1943", "57268739708984140094c8ed": " Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon", "57268739708984140094c8ee": " suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon", "57268739708984140094c8ef": " Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon", "57268739708984140094c8f0": " Milton Cross", "57268739708984140094c8f1": " Milton Cross", "57269260dd62a815002e89ea": " $155 million", "57269260dd62a815002e89eb": " Disney Media Networks", "57269260dd62a815002e89ec": "1990s", "57269260dd62a815002e89ed": " ESPN", "57269260dd62a815002e89ee": " Disney Media Networks", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43e": "1959", "57269344f1498d1400e8e43f": " ABC was forced to sell all of its interests in international networks, mainly in Japan and Latin America", "57269344f1498d1400e8e440": " Japan and Latin America", "57269344f1498d1400e8e441": " ABC was forced to sell all of its interests in international networks, mainly in Japan and Latin America", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5c": " Leonard Goldenson, following the United Paramount Theatres model", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5d": " Leonard Goldenson said that ABC's first international activity was broadcasting the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5e": " Leonard Goldenson said that ABC's first international activity was broadcasting the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb5f": " respective issues with technical problems and flight delays. NBC's plane landed in Latin America[where?], leading ABC to learn of subsidiaries", "5726caaaf1498d1400e8eb60": " respective issues with technical problems and flight delays. NBC's plane landed in Latin America[where?], leading ABC to learn of subsidiaries", "5726e5ac708984140094d51b": " CBS, which originated the specials in 1965 with the debut of A Charlie Brown Christmas", "5726e5ac708984140094d51c": " CBS, which originated the specials in 1965 with the debut of A Charlie Brown Christmas", "5726e5ac708984140094d51d": "1965", "5726e5ac708984140094d51e": " CBS, which originated the specials in 1965 with the debut of A Charlie Brown Christmas", "5726e5ac708984140094d51f": " CBS, which originated the specials in 1965 with the debut of A Charlie Brown Christmas", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef30": "1974", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef31": " Ryan Seacrest", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef32": "1974", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef33": " New Year", "5726e5b1f1498d1400e8ef34": " Dick Clark", "5726e671dd62a815002e9464": " General Hospital", "5726e671dd62a815002e9465": "1963", "5726e671dd62a815002e9466": " Ryan's Hope, Dark Shadows", "5726e671dd62a815002e9467": " The Edge of Night, following its cancellation by CBS in 1975. ABC Day", "5726e671dd62a815002e9468": "1963", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6e": "Sports programming is also provided on some weekend afternoons", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6c": "2006", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6b": "2006", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6a": " Saturday", "5726e773f1498d1400e8ef6d": " ESPN took over responsibilities for ABC's sports division in 2006, ABC carries the ESPN Sports Saturday", "5726e860708984140094d579": " Frank Marx", "5726e860708984140094d57a": " Frank Marx, then ABC's vice-president of engineering, thought that the low-band VHF frequencies", "5726e860708984140094d57b": "1947", "5726e860708984140094d57c": " Frank Marx, then ABC's vice-president of engineering, thought that the low-band VHF", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa0": "108 existing television stations in the United States; a few major cities (such as Boston) had only two", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa1": " two", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa2": " DuMont Television Network", "5726e942f1498d1400e8efa3": " DuMont Television Network", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950a": " Paramount Pictures", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950b": " movie theater operator United Paramount Theatres", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950c": " five owned-and-operated stations and nine", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950d": " bankruptcy", "5726ea06dd62a815002e950e": " indexed compared to the number of listeners/view", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff2": "Leonard Goldenson", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff3": " William S. Paley", "5726ec6ff1498d1400e8eff4": " June 6, 1951", "5726ed12708984140094d645": "1952", "5726ed12708984140094d646": " February 9, 1953", "5726ed12708984140094d647": " February 9, 1953", "5726ed12708984140094d648": " Manhattan", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f024": " August 10, 1948", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f025": " August 10, 1948", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f026": " New York City", "5726edeff1498d1400e8f027": "13 months: WENR-TV in Chicago", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c6": " September 30, 1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c7": " September 30, 1960", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c8": " William Hanna and Joseph Barber", "5726efdbdd62a815002e95c9": " September 30, 1960", "5726f0865951b619008f82e5": "1961", "5726f0865951b619008f82e6": " Walt Disney's Wonderful", "5726f0865951b619008f82e7": "1961", "5726f0865951b619008f82e8": "1959", "572734af708984140094dae3": "the dot\", in which comic book character Little Dot", "572734af708984140094dae4": " Little Dot", "572734af708984140094dae5": "the dot\", in which comic book character Little Dot", "572734af708984140094dae6": "the dot\", in which comic book character Little Dot", "572735a15951b619008f86bf": " Pittard Sullivan", "572735a15951b619008f86c0": "1998", "572735a15951b619008f86c1": "We Love", "572735a15951b619008f86c2": " vanity cards", "572736625951b619008f86d1": " gold", "572736625951b619008f86d2": "1983", "572736625951b619008f86d3": "1983", "572736625951b619008f86d4": " Ten years later, in 1993, the \"ABC Circle\" logo reverted to its classic white-on-black", "572736fc5951b619008f86d9": "1977", "572736fc5951b619008f86da": " white, blue, pink, rainbow neon and glitter", "572736fc5951b619008f86db": " white, blue, pink, rainbow neon and glittering dotted lines. Among the \"ABC Circle\" logo's many variants was a 1977 ID", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4be": " Herbert Bayer", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4bf": " Herbert Bayer", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c0": " Paul Rand", "57273799f1498d1400e8f4c1": "1962", "5727387b5951b619008f86e9": " Entertainment Communications", "5727387b5951b619008f86ea": " October 19, 2005", "5727387b5951b619008f86eb": " six", "57273954708984140094db05": "2004", "57273954708984140094db06": " Anne Sweeney being named president of ABC parent Disney\u2013ABC Television Group, and ESPN president George Bodenheimer", "57273954708984140094db07": " George Boden", "57273954708984140094db08": " Anne Sweeney", "57273a0d708984140094db0d": "2002", "57273a0d708984140094db0e": " Disney Chairman/CEO Michael Eisner", "57273a0d708984140094db0f": " ABC Saturday", "57273a0d708984140094db10": " ABC Saturday", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4da": " Federal Communications Commission", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4db": " Time Warner Cable", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dc": " Time Warner Cable", "57273abef1498d1400e8f4dd": " December 31, 1999", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d6": "2000", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d7": " Jim, all of which managed to help ABC stay ahead of the competition in the ratings in spite of the later departure of Millionaire", "57273b69dd62a815002e99d8": " Blue and The Wonderful", "57273c195951b619008f8721": " January 18, 2000", "57273c195951b619008f8722": " Regis Philbin", "57273c195951b619008f8723": " Regis Philbin", "57273c195951b619008f8724": " Regis Philbin", "57273d19708984140094db3d": " July 31, 1995", "57273d19708984140094db3e": " $19 billion", "57273d19708984140094db3f": " Robert Iger", "57273d19708984140094db40": " The Walt Disney Company", "57273d19708984140094db41": " $19 billion", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f508": " the 1965\u201366", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f509": " secondary compared to the network's financial problems", "57273dbbf1498d1400e8f50a": " The Untold Story", "57273ef15951b619008f8751": " May 1, 1953", "57273ef15951b619008f8752": " Central Park", "57273ef15951b619008f8753": " Central Park", "57273f9d708984140094db51": " Robert Kintner", "57273f9d708984140094db52": " DuMont Laboratories receivers", "57273f9d708984140094db53": " DuMont Laboratories receivers", "57273f9d708984140094db54": " $5 million", "5727403af1498d1400e8f526": " Paramount Pictures", "5727403af1498d1400e8f527": " Paramount Pictures", "5727403af1498d1400e8f528": " contacting his old acquaintances in Hollywood, with whom he had worked when UPT was a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1c": " Walt Disney", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1d": " Walt Disney", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1e": " Walt Disney", "57274118dd62a815002e9a1f": " New York", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53e": " Roy contacted Goldenson", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f53f": " $4.5 million", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f540": "1953", "572741aaf1498d1400e8f541": " $4.5 million in additional loans, a third of the budget intended for the park. Around 1954, ABC agreed to finance Disneyland", "572742daf1498d1400e8f550": " Allen Shaw, a former program manager at WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president", "572742daf1498d1400e8f551": " Allen Shaw, a former program manager at WCFL in Chicago who was approached by ABC Radio president", "572742daf1498d1400e8f552": " \"LOVE Radio\",", "572742daf1498d1400e8f553": " seven", "5727436af1498d1400e8f558": "1969", "5727436af1498d1400e8f559": " Movie of the Week, a weekly showcase aimed at capitalizing on the growing success of made-for-TV movies", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55a": " September 1969", "5727436af1498d1400e8f55b": " $400,000", "572743fb708984140094db93": "1970s", "572743fb708984140094db94": " CBS and NBC", "572743fb708984140094db95": " CBS and NBC", "5727448b5951b619008f87a1": " National Football League", "5727448b5951b619008f87a2": "1970", "5727448b5951b619008f87a3": "1970", "5727448b5951b619008f87a4": " MNF move to ESPN", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4e": "1970", "57274633dd62a815002e9a4f": "1972", "57274633dd62a815002e9a50": " FCC voted to pass the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a66": " President and Chief Operating Officer of ABC a few months after Goldenson reduced his role in the company after suffering a heart attack", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a67": " April 1970", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a68": " Congress passed the Public Health Cigarette", "572746d3dd62a815002e9a69": " Elton Rule was named President and Chief Operating", "572747dd5951b619008f87a9": "1970s", "572747dd5951b619008f87aa": " Michael Eisner", "572747dd5951b619008f87ab": " Michael Eisner", "572747dd5951b619008f87ac": " Paramount Pictures", "572748745951b619008f87b1": " Fred Pierce, the newly appointed president of ABC Television, convinced Fred Silverman", "572748745951b619008f87b2": " Fred Pierce, the newly appointed president of ABC Television, convinced Fred Silverman", "572748745951b619008f87b3": " director of programming of the independent television production subsidiary ABC Entertainment", "572748745951b619008f87b4": " spring of 1975", "5727492f708984140094dbb5": "jiggle TV", "5727492f708984140094dbb6": "jiggle TV", "5727492f708984140094dbb7": "jiggle TV", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a90": "played by a then-unknown Billy Crystal", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a91": " Aaron Spelling", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a92": " nine", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a93": "1977: January saw the premiere of Roots, a miniseries based on an Alex Haley", "572749d7dd62a815002e9a94": " Alex Haley", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b4": " WABC-TV", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b5": "7 Lincoln Square", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b6": "7 Lincoln Square", "57274a8cf1498d1400e8f5b7": "1977", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dc": " June 1978", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5dd": " Hugh Downs", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5de": " Hugh Downs", "57274baff1498d1400e8f5df": " Hugh Downs", "57274cac708984140094dbdd": " ABC Cable News", "57274cac708984140094dbde": " ABC Cable News", "57274cac708984140094dbdf": " ABC Cable News", "57274cac708984140094dbe0": " ABC News", "57274d905951b619008f87e1": " Dirty Sexy Money, Pushing Daisies", "57274d905951b619008f87e2": " Dirty Sexy Money, Pushing Daisies", "57274d905951b619008f87e3": " Pushing Daisies", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f1": " Entertainment and ABC Studios", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f2": " Entertainment and ABC Studios into a new division, ABC Entertainment Group", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f3": " Entertainment and ABC Studios", "57274e6a5951b619008f87f4": " iTunes", "57274f07708984140094dbed": "2004", "57274f07708984140094dbee": "2004", "57274f07708984140094dbef": " Fridays at the start of its fourth season in the fall of 2009; an attempt to boost ratings by moving the dramedy to Wednes", "57274f07708984140094dbf0": " Fridays at the start of its fourth season in the fall of 2009; an attempt to boost ratings by moving the dramedy to Wednes", "5727504b5951b619008f881d": "1973", "5727504b5951b619008f881e": " Paramount Television", "5727504b5951b619008f881f": " Paramount Television acquired it in 1999, and has most recently been absorbed into CBS Television", "5727504b5951b619008f8820": " Paramount Television acquired it in 1999, and has most recently been absorbed into CBS Television Distribution, a unit of CBS Corporation", "57275273dd62a815002e9b16": " Selznick library, the Cinerama Productions/Palomar theatrical library and the Selmur Productions", "57275273dd62a815002e9b17": " Buena Vista Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b18": " Buena Vista Television", "57275273dd62a815002e9b19": " Buena Vista Television) handles domestic television distribution, while Disney\u2013ABC International Television (formerly known as Buena Vista International Television", "57275339dd62a815002e9b28": " WABC-TV and WP", "57275339dd62a815002e9b29": " eight", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2a": " eight owned-and-operated stations, and current and pending affiliation agreements with 235 additional television stations encompassing 49", "57275339dd62a815002e9b2b": "96.26%", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b44": "1943", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b45": "T\" and \"V\", with a vertical ABC microphone", "572754b5dd62a815002e9b46": "1943", "57275573708984140094dc45": "2011", "57275573708984140094dc46": " Supern", "57275573708984140094dc47": "16:9 standard definition since 2010) also ended its ABC run. The affiliate-syndicated Saturday", "57275573708984140094dc48": "16:9 standard definition since 2010) also ended its ABC run. The affiliate-syndicated Saturday", "57275650708984140094dc5f": " master feed is transmitted in 720p high definition, the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company", "57275650708984140094dc60": " format for The Walt Disney Company", "57275650708984140094dc61": "11", "57275650708984140094dc62": "720p high definition, the native resolution format for The Walt Disney Company", "57275743f1498d1400e8f680": " ABC's dramas during that season continued to fail, with the midseason forensic", "57275743f1498d1400e8f681": " ABC's dramas during that season continued to fail, with the midseason forensic", "57275743f1498d1400e8f682": " Proof", "57275743f1498d1400e8f683": " comedies to support the previous year's debuts, with only late-season premiere Happy End", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b6": " operas All My Children and One Life", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b7": " General Hospital during the transition). The talk/lifestyle show that replaced One Life", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b8": " General Hospital", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6b9": " The talk/lifestyle show that replaced One Life", "5727590df1498d1400e8f6ba": " General Hospital", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6ca": " improvement for ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cb": " The Goldbergs", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cc": ".D. and Resurrection", "572759c1f1498d1400e8f6cd": " ABC with three new hits in The Goldbergs, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and Resurrection", "57275a505951b619008f889f": " comedy lineup, The Middle and Modern Family", "57275a505951b619008f88a0": " CBS' long-dominant drama", "57275a505951b619008f88a1": " spring of 2010", "57275a505951b619008f88a2": " The Middle and Modern Family", "57275bfb708984140094dc97": " Thomas Murphy", "57275bfb708984140094dc98": " Thomas Murphy taking over as president before ceding control to Robert Iger", "57275bfb708984140094dc99": " Thomas Murphy", "57275bfb708984140094dc9a": " Thomas Murphy", "57275bfb708984140094dc9b": " ten", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6da": "1993", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6db": " Time Warner Cable", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dc": " Time Warner Cable", "57275cb3f1498d1400e8f6dd": "23.63%", "57275e125951b619008f88d7": " Toronto, sought the help of ABC to launch the station. Leonard Goldenson agreed to acquire a 25% interest in CFTO-TV", "57275e125951b619008f88d8": " May 9, 1960", "57275e125951b619008f88d9": " WLS launched a new lineup consisting of ABC Radio programming. In 1960, Canadian entrepreneur John Bass", "57275e125951b619008f88da": " Toronto", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f4": " NBC and CBS", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f5": " Edgar Scherick", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f6": " Edgar Scherick", "57275e95f1498d1400e8f6f7": " NBC and CBS", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f706": " ABC Records", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f707": " July 1966", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f708": " ABC Records", "57275f6ef1498d1400e8f709": "1330 Avenue", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd8": "90%", "57276166dd62a815002e9bd9": " opulent drama", "57276166dd62a815002e9bda": " opulent drama", "57276166dd62a815002e9bdb": " opulent drama", "5727623a5951b619008f8921": " Arts & Entertainment Television", "5727623a5951b619008f8922": " Arts & Entertainment Television", "5727623a5951b619008f8923": " Arts & Entertainment Television", "5727623a5951b619008f8924": " Arts & Entertainment Television", "572763a8708984140094dcd9": " Thomas S. Murphy", "572763a8708984140094dcda": " $465 million", "572763a8708984140094dcdb": " $465 million", "572763a8708984140094dcdc": " Daniel B. Burke while remaining ABC's chairman and CEO", "572763a8708984140094dcdd": " Thomas S. Murphy", "572764855951b619008f8951": " Jimmy Kimmel Live", "572764855951b619008f8952": " Jimmy Kimmel Live", "572764855951b619008f8953": "11:00", "572764855951b619008f8954": " Jimmy Kimmel Live", "57276576dd62a815002e9c18": "WLQP-LP) and South Bend", "57276576dd62a815002e9c19": "New Jersey", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1a": " ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate (New Jersey", "57276576dd62a815002e9c1b": "New Jersey", "57276690708984140094dd01": " ABC Circle Films beginning in 1962 and by Touchstone Television", "57276690708984140094dd02": " ABC Television Center", "57276690708984140094dd03": " KABC-TV until 1999; and the ABC Television Center", "57276690708984140094dd04": " KABC-TV until 1999; and the ABC Television Center", "5727678e5951b619008f8973": " Peter Jennings Way", "5727678e5951b619008f8974": " Peter Jennings Way", "5727678e5951b619008f8975": " Peter Jennings Way", "5727678e5951b619008f8976": " Peter Jennings Way", "572768d9708984140094dd13": " ABC on Demand, which is carried on most traditional cable and IPTV providers. The Walt Disney Company", "572768d9708984140094dd14": " delayed viewing of the network's programming, including a traditional VOD service called ABC on Demand, which is carried on most traditional cable and IPTV providers", "572768d9708984140094dd15": " July 6, 2009", "572768d9708984140094dd16": "27%", "572769e85951b619008f8985": " January 7, 2014", "572769e85951b619008f8986": " eight", "572769e85951b619008f8987": " WATCH ABC", "572769e85951b619008f8988": " January 7, 2014", "57276a8f5951b619008f8995": " promotions for the 2013\u201314 season during the network's upfront", "57276a8f5951b619008f8996": " four", "57276a8f5951b619008f8997": " gold version is primarily used on entertainment-oriented outlets (such as ABC.com", "57276a8f5951b619008f8998": " LoyalK", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b2": "67% (earning $26 million), NBC's went up by 30", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b3": "67% (earning $26 million), NBC's went up by 30", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b4": " ABC's revenue increased by 67% (earning $26 million", "57276c64f1498d1400e8f7b5": " CBS", "57276d7f708984140094dd3f": " off-hours clearances (a notable exception during this time was WKST-TV in Youngstown", "57276d7f708984140094dd40": " five times", "57276d7f708984140094dd41": " off-hours clearances (a notable exception during this time was WKST-TV", "57276d7f708984140094dd42": "1960s", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd0": "immensely", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd1": "immensely", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd2": " having started, represented a fifth of all primetime series", "57276f82dd62a815002e9cd3": " January 1959", "5727705f5951b619008f89f3": " CBS and NBC in broadcasting films on Sunday nights in 1962, with the launch of the ABC Sunday Night Movie", "5727705f5951b619008f89f4": " $15.5 million", "5727705f5951b619008f89f5": " General Hospital", "5727705f5951b619008f89f6": " ABC joined CBS and NBC in broadcasting films on Sunday nights in 1962, with the launch of the ABC Sunday Night Movie", "5727705f5951b619008f89f7": "1962", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f840": "December 20), Donald F. Turner, head antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f841": " the emerging cable television market", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f842": " Donald F. Turner, head antitrust regulator for the United States Department of Justice", "572771a5f1498d1400e8f843": " December 7, 1965", "57277373dd62a815002e9d24": " Warren Buffett", "57277373dd62a815002e9d25": " $3.5 billion", "57277373dd62a815002e9d26": " $3.5 billion and $118 for each of ABC's shares as well as a guarantee of 10%", "57277373dd62a815002e9d27": " Warren Buffett", "57277373dd62a815002e9d28": " $3.5 billion", "572774cf5951b619008f8a51": " September 5, 1985", "572774cf5951b619008f8a52": " Michael P. Millardi became vice president of ABC Broadcasting", "572774cf5951b619008f8a53": " Michael P. Millardi became vice president of ABC Broadcasting", "572774cf5951b619008f8a54": " Michael P. Millardi became vice president of ABC Broadcasting, and president of ABC Owned", "572774cf5951b619008f8a55": " Michael P. Millardi became vice president of ABC Broadcasting", "57277585708984140094de2b": " Laverne & Shirley", "57277585708984140094de2c": " Mr. Belvedere", "57277585708984140094de2d": " Laverne & Shirley", "57277585708984140094de2e": " Laverne & Shirley", "57277585708984140094de2f": " Big Three networks", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c4": " Miller-Boyett Productions", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c5": "TGIF\" block (which promotions referenced stood for \"Thank Goodness", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c6": " Miller-Boyett Productions", "57277632f1498d1400e8f8c7": "TGIF\" block (which promotions referenced stood for \"Thank Goodness", "572776e85951b619008f8a7f": " seven radio stations nationwide in order to purchase Houston radio stations KXYZ and KXYZ-FM for $1 million in shares and $1.5 million", "572776e85951b619008f8a80": " Palomar Pictures International and Selmur Pictures", "572776e85951b619008f8a81": " Palomar Pictures International and Selmur Pictures", "572776e85951b619008f8a82": " July 1968", "572776e85951b619008f8a83": " Redwood", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9d": " Dick Clark", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9e": "500%", "5727780a5951b619008f8a9f": "10%", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa0": " Ollie Treiz", "5727780a5951b619008f8aa1": " Ollie Treiz", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90a": " NBC and CBS", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90b": " ABC with an image of the \"philosophy of counterprogramming against its competitors", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90c": " public enthusiasm and sponsorship for these types of shows at the expense of news programming and denounced an unofficial law \"replacing", "57277944f1498d1400e8f90d": " public enthusiasm and sponsorship for these types of shows at the expense of news programming and denounced an unofficial law \"replacing", "57277af2708984140094dec3": "WATCH ABC\", a revamp of its traditional multi-platform streaming services encompassing the network's existing streaming portal at ABC.com", "57277af2708984140094dec4": "WATCH ABC\", a revamp of its traditional multi-platform streaming services encompassing the network's existing streaming portal at ABC.com", "57277af2708984140094dec5": "WATCH\" brand used by the streaming services of Disney's television networks), live streams of ABC stations are only available to authenticated subscribers of participating pay television providers", "57277af2708984140094dec6": "WATCH\" brand used by the streaming services of Disney's television networks), live streams of ABC stations are only available to authenticated subscribers of participating pay television providers", "57277bfc708984140094ded9": "The Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094deda": " Howard Stirk Holdings", "57277bfc708984140094dedb": " Sinclair Broadcast Group", "57277bfc708984140094dedc": " two", "57277bfc708984140094dedd": " two", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e76": "Start Here\". Also developed by Troika", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e77": " Troika", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e78": " Troika, the on-air design was intended to emphasize the availability of ABC content", "57277cf6dd62a815002e9e79": " Troika", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea4": " Grand Rapids, Michigan", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea5": " Grand Rapids, Michigan", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea6": " Florida (WFTS-TV and WWSB) and Grand Rapids, Michigan", "57277de9dd62a815002e9ea7": "89 km) of one another, while WWSB and WOTV serve areas that do not receive an adequate signal from their market's primary ABC", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f5": "Genghis Khan", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f6": "zmian and Xia controlled lands. By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f7": " Khware", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f8": " Central Asia", "57269e8a5951b619008f77f9": " Khwarezmian and Xia controlled lands. By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire", "5726a00d708984140094cc25": " Russia, and Southwest Asia", "5726a00d708984140094cc26": "1227", "5726a00d708984140094cc27": " Western Xia. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in Mongolia at an unknown location. His descendants extended the Mongol Empire", "5726a00d708984140094cc28": "ei Khan", "5726a00d708984140094cc29": " Mongolia", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e578": " Del\u00fc\u00fcn Boldog, near Burkhan Khaldun mountain and the Onon and Kherlen rivers in modern-day northern Mongolia", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e579": " Hoel", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57a": "1162", "5726a21bf1498d1400e8e57b": " Hoel", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbc": " Tem\u00fclen, as well as two half-brothers named Begter and Belgutei", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbd": " Hachiun, and Tem\u00fcge", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbe": " Tem\u00fclen, as well as two half-brothers named Begter and Belgutei", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bbf": " Tem\u00fclen", "5726a340dd62a815002e8bc0": " B\u00f6rte", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb7": " Temujin", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb8": " Tem\u00fcjin and his brothers. Begter", "5726a4a9708984140094ccb9": " Tem\u00fcjin and his brothers. Begter", "5726a4a9708984140094ccba": " one hunting excursion", "5726a5f65951b619008f7903": " Jelme and Bo'orchu", "5726a5f65951b619008f7904": " two of Genghis Khan", "5726a5f65951b619008f7905": " Jelme and Bo'orchu", "5726a5f65951b619008f7906": " Jelme and Bo'orchu", "5726a5f65951b619008f7907": " middle of the night", "5726a784708984140094ccff": " Tem\u00fcjin grew up observing the tough political climate of Mongolia", "5726a784708984140094cd00": " Tem\u00fcjin's mother Hoel", "5726a784708984140094cd01": " Tem\u00fcjin's mother Hoel", "5726a784708984140094cd02": " solidify temporary", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c34": "1185\u20131226", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c35": " Tem\u00fcjin married B\u00f6rte", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c36": " Tem\u00fcjin married B\u00f6rte", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c37": " Tem\u00fcjin married B\u00f6rte", "5726a8d4dd62a815002e8c38": "1185\u20131226", "5726a9ed5951b619008f7969": " three", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796a": "1187\u20141241), \u00d6gedei (1189", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796b": "1190\u20131232", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796c": " Chagata", "5726a9ed5951b619008f796d": " three", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a2": "Wang Khan", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a3": "Wang Khan", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a4": "Wang Khan", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a5": "20,000", "5726ab47f1498d1400e8e6a6": " Jamukha", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ca": " shaman Kokochu", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cb": " Tem\u00fcjin was elected khan of the Mongols", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cc": "1186", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6cd": " Tem\u00fcjin, Tem\u00fcjin began rising to power. In 1186, Tem\u00fcjin was elected khan of the Mongols", "5726acc1f1498d1400e8e6ce": " Battle of Dalan", "5726ae32708984140094cdab": " Yassa code", "5726ae32708984140094cdac": " absolute obedience", "5726ae32708984140094cdad": " Tem\u00fcjin promised civilians and soldiers wealth", "5726ae32708984140094cdae": " conquered tribe under his protection and integrated its members into his own tribe", "5726af765951b619008f7a51": " Jochi", "5726af765951b619008f7a52": " Jochi", "5726af765951b619008f7a53": " Jochi", "5726af765951b619008f7a54": " Jamukha escaped during the conflict. This defeat was a catalyst for the fall and eventual dissolution of the Keraite tribe", "5726b0985951b619008f7a91": " G\u00fcr Khan, \"universal ruler\", a title used by the rulers of the Qara Khitai", "5726b0985951b619008f7a92": "1201", "5726b0985951b619008f7a93": " Tem\u00fcjin was the Naimans (Naiman Mongols", "5726b0985951b619008f7a94": " Tem\u00fcjin. In 1201, a khuruldai elected Jamukha as G\u00fcr Khan", "5726b0985951b619008f7a95": "1201", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acd": " spilling blood", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ace": " Jamukha requested this form of death, despite the fact that in the past Jamukha had been known to have boiled his opponents' generals alive", "5726b1d95951b619008f7acf": " spilling blood", "5726b1d95951b619008f7ad0": " spilling blood", "5726b879708984140094cf01": " Jamukha", "5726b879708984140094cf02": " Jamukha (who also wanted to be a ruler of Mongol tribes) and Wang Khan", "5726b879708984140094cf03": " Jamukha", "5726b879708984140094cf04": " Jamukha", "5726b879708984140094cf05": " Jochi", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf1": "1206", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf2": "Mongols", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf3": "Khan\" of the consolidated tribes and took the new title \"Genghis Khan", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf4": " Genghis Khan", "5726b9e15951b619008f7bf5": " Genghis Khan", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3b": " tactical mistake in not attacking the Mongols", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3c": " \u00d6gedei Khan", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3d": "1211", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3e": " Badger Pass the Mongols", "5726bb645951b619008f7c3f": " Genghis Khan planned again to conquer the Jin dynasty. The commander of the Jin dynasty", "5726bd655951b619008f7c9f": " Genghis Khan", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca0": "The Arrow\".", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca1": " two tumen (20,000", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca2": " Mongol army was exhausted from ten years of continuous campaigning in China against the Western Xia and Jin dynasty", "5726bd655951b619008f7ca3": " Western Liao", "5726bf135951b619008f7ce9": " Mongol conquest", "5726bf135951b619008f7cea": " Mongol conquest", "5726bf135951b619008f7ceb": "1218", "5726bf135951b619008f7cec": " Qara Khitai", "5726bf135951b619008f7ced": " Qara Khitai", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f76": " Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f77": " Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f78": " Shah himself instead of the governor Inalchuq. The Shah had all the men shaved", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f79": " three", "5726c0c5dd62a815002e8f7a": " Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa6": " southeast part of Khwarzemia", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa7": " three", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa8": " southeast part of Khwarzemia to form, with the first division, a pincer attack on Samarkand", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8fa9": " Jochi", "5726c20fdd62a815002e8faa": " Khwarezmian Empire", "5726c3b3708984140094d0cf": " split by diverse internecine", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d0": " Mongols", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d1": " Khware", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d2": " Mongols", "5726c3b3708984140094d0d3": " pouring molten silver", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f5": " brutal. After the capital Samarkand fell, the capital was moved to Bukhara", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f6": " Bukhara", "5726c4c8708984140094d0f7": " Khwarezmid emperor", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae2": " enemies", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae3": " their usual custom, then they were all slain\".", "5726c61ff1498d1400e8eae4": " Termez, on the Oxus", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddd": " citadel for another twelve", "5726c7a85951b619008f7dde": " Genghis Khan", "5726c7a85951b619008f7ddf": " citadel for another twelve days. Survivors", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de0": " citadel for another twelve", "5726c7a85951b619008f7de1": " Genghis Khan", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9046": "1223", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9047": " Mstislav the Bold of Halych and Mstislav III", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9048": " Persia and Armenia", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e9049": " Persia and Armenia", "5726c9b0dd62a815002e904a": " Mstislav the Bold of Halych and Mstislav III", "57272bcb5951b619008f8683": " Golden Horde, the Mongols", "57272bcb5951b619008f8684": " Mongols returned to conquer Volga Bulgaria and Kievan", "57272bcb5951b619008f8685": " Genghis Khan", "57272bcb5951b619008f8686": "1225", "57272bcb5951b619008f8687": " Samarkand", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43a": "1226", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43b": " Xiliang-fu[disambiguation needed]. One of the Tangut generals challenged the Mongols to a battle near Helan Mountains", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43c": " Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts. His armies quickly took Heisui, Ganzhou", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43d": " Mongols to a battle near Helan Mountains", "57272ce1f1498d1400e8f43e": " Mongols to a battle near Helan Mountains", "57272dd55951b619008f8697": " Tangut general Ma Jianlong put up a fierce resistance for several days and personally led charges against the invaders outside the city gate. Ma Jianlong", "57272dd55951b619008f8698": " Genghis Khan, after conquering Deshun, went to Liupanshan (Qingshui County, Gansu Province", "57272dd55951b619008f8699": " Ma Jianlong", "57272dd55951b619008f869a": " wounds received from arrows", "57272dd55951b619008f869b": " Liupanshan (Qingshui County, Gansu Province) to escape the severe summer", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44e": " Chagata", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f44f": " Khwarezmid Empire", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f450": " Jochi", "57272ec7f1498d1400e8f451": " Chagata", "57272ff2708984140094dabd": " Chagatai", "57272ff2708984140094dabe": " Chagata", "57272ff2708984140094dabf": " Chagatai", "57272ff2708984140094dac0": " Jochi", "5727311d5951b619008f86ab": "1226", "5727311d5951b619008f86ac": " Khorasan", "5727311d5951b619008f86ad": " Juzjani", "5727311d5951b619008f86ae": " Jochi", "5727311d5951b619008f86af": " protect Urg", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46a": " Western Xia, illness, falling from his horse, or wounds sustained in hunting or battle. According to The Secret History of the Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46b": " Western Xia princess taken as war booty. One chronicle from the early 17th century even relates the legend that the princess hid a small dagger", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46c": " Western Xia, illness, falling from his horse, or wounds sustained in hunting or battle. According to The Secret History of the Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46d": " Western Xia, illness, falling from his horse, or wounds sustained in hunting or battle. According to The Secret History of the Mongols", "57273249f1498d1400e8f46e": " Marco Polo", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f474": " Khentii Aimag, where many assume he is buried somewhere close to the Onon River", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f475": " Khentii", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f476": " Khentii Aimag, where many assume he is buried somewhere close to the Onon River", "572732f8f1498d1400e8f477": " conceal where he was finally buried. The Genghis Khan Mausoleum", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48c": " Communist troops advanced, the Nationalist soldiers moved it another 200 km farther west to the famous Tibetan monastery of Kumbum Monastery or Ta'er", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48d": " Lord's Enclosure", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48e": " the 'Lord's Enclosure", "57273455f1498d1400e8f48f": "1939", "57273455f1498d1400e8f490": " Dafo", "57273581708984140094daeb": " October 6, 2004", "57273581708984140094daec": " Folklore", "57273581708984140094daed": " stamp", "57273581708984140094daee": " Folklore", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b5": " Genghis Khan", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b4": " Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b6": " Yassa", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b7": " Genghis Khan", "572736bff1498d1400e8f4b8": " Genghis Khan", "57273887dd62a815002e99a2": " Nestorian Christianity", "57273887dd62a815002e99a3": " Buddhist or Christian. Religious tolerance", "57273887dd62a815002e99a4": " Sometime before the rise of Genghis Khan", "57273887dd62a815002e99a5": " Buddhist or Christian. Religious tolerance", "572739a75951b619008f86f7": " T\u00f6regene Khatun was briefly in charge of the Mongol Empire", "572739a75951b619008f86f8": " sedentary peoples", "572739a75951b619008f86f9": " T\u00f6regene Khatun", "572739a75951b619008f86fa": " sedentary peoples", "57273b1a5951b619008f8709": " Chu'T", "57273b1a5951b619008f870a": " they were nomads and thus had no experience governing cities", "57273b1a5951b619008f870b": " Mongol people because they were nomads", "57273b1a5951b619008f870c": " Chu'T", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e2": " Muq", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e3": "Genghis Khan", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e4": " Muq", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e5": " Muqali", "57273c01f1498d1400e8f4e6": " Jin dynasty", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f6": " Muslim and Chinese siege engines and engineers to aid the Mongol cavalry", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f7": " aid the Mongol cavalry", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f8": " rivers, taking enemy prisoners and driving them", "57273d06f1498d1400e8f4f9": " diverting certain rivers", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fa": " Persia", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fb": " Persia", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fc": " Genghis Khan", "57273dccdd62a815002e99fd": "1279", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51e": " Genghis Khan instituted certain levels of meritocracy", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f51f": "Genghis Khan", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f520": " Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This allowed increased communication and trade between the West, Middle East and Asia", "57273eecf1498d1400e8f521": " Silk Road", "5727404b708984140094db59": "1990s", "5727404b708984140094db5a": "Genghis Khan", "5727404b708984140094db5b": " non-Mongolians", "5727404b708984140094db5c": "Genghis Khan's Mongolia\", to themselves as \"Genghis Khan", "5727404b708984140094db5d": "Genghis Khan", "57274126dd62a815002e9a24": " Chinggis Khaan International Airport", "57274126dd62a815002e9a25": " Chinggis Khaan International Airport", "57274126dd62a815002e9a26": " Chinggis Khaan International Airport", "57274126dd62a815002e9a27": " Chinggis", "57274126dd62a815002e9a28": " Chinggis Khaan International Airport", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63a": " Mongols", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63b": " stability and unity during a time of almost endemic warfare between tribes. He is also given credit for the introduction of the traditional Mongolian script", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63c": " Ikh Zas", "5727515af1498d1400e8f63d": "Genghis Khan", "57275250708984140094dc25": " People's Republic of China", "57275250708984140094dc26": "5 million", "57275250708984140094dc27": " Genghis Khan never conquered all of China, his grandson Kublai Khan", "57275250708984140094dc28": "5 million", "57275250708984140094dc29": "5 million", "572753af708984140094dc2f": " Steven R. Ward", "572753af708984140094dc30": "Overall, the Mongol violence and depredations killed up to three-fourths", "572753af708984140094dc31": " three-fourths of the population of the Iranian Plateau, possibly 10 to 15 million", "572754cd5951b619008f8863": " Hulagu's descendant Ghazan Khan", "572754cd5951b619008f8864": " Samarkand", "572754cd5951b619008f8865": " Hulagu's descendant Ghazan Khan", "572754cd5951b619008f8866": "190,000 in Nishapur. In 1237", "572754cd5951b619008f8867": " Mamluks of Egypt, but Hulagu's descendant Ghazan Khan", "572756715951b619008f8877": " Persians, the citizens of Baghdad and Damascus", "572756715951b619008f8878": " Mughal Emperors", "572756715951b619008f8879": " Khwarizim Shahs", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69a": " tenggis by the Mongols", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69b": " tenggis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69c": " tenggis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69d": " tenggis", "5727580bf1498d1400e8f69e": " tenggis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b78": " Mongolian Chinggis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b79": " spelled in variety of ways in different languages such as Mongolian Chinggis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7a": " spelled in variety of ways in different languages such as Mongolian Chinggis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7b": " Mongolian Chinggis", "572758c3dd62a815002e9b7c": " spelled in variety of ways in different languages such as Mongolian Chinggis", "5726d8bd708984140094d35b": " pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35c": " pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos", "5726d8bd708984140094d35d": " pharma", "5726d8bd708984140094d35e": "drug\", \"medicine\" (or \"poison\").", "5726d8bd708984140094d35f": " pharma which was a term used since the 15th\u201317th centuries. However, the original Greek roots from pharmakos", "5726d9935951b619008f7fed": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training", "5726d9935951b619008f7fee": " ensure optimal health", "5726d9935951b619008f7fef": "Pharmacists are healthcare professionals with specialised education and training", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff0": " ensure optimal health", "5726d9935951b619008f7ff1": " medicines. Pharmacists may also be small-business proprietors", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b2": " Pharmacy Technician", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b3": " General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b4": " General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b5": "A Pharmacy Technician", "5726da89dd62a815002e92b6": " General Pharmaceutical Council", "5726db5add62a815002e92d5": " materia medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d6": " Pedanius", "5726db5add62a815002e92d7": " Latin translation De Materia Medica", "5726db5add62a815002e92d4": " Pedanius", "5726db5add62a815002e92d8": " Pedanius", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9320": " two personal physicians", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9321": " Taih\u014d Code", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9322": " expressly defined in the Taih\u014d Code", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9323": " Taih\u014d Code", "5726dcbddd62a815002e9324": " Taih\u014d Code", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee04": " Muhammad ibn Zakar\u012bya", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee05": " al-Maridini", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee06": " al-Maridini", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee08": " al-Maridini", "5726ddf6f1498d1400e8ee07": " Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi", "5726deed5951b619008f80c5": "15th century, keeping albarellos from the 16th and 17th centuries", "5726deed5951b619008f80c6": " Ll\u00edvia", "5726deed5951b619008f80c7": "1422. The oldest is claimed to have been set up in 1221 in the Church of Santa Maria Novella", "5726deed5951b619008f80c8": " Croatia, located inside the Franciscan monastery, opened in 1317; and in the Town Hall Square of Tallinn", "5726deed5951b619008f80c9": "1317", "5726e08e5951b619008f810f": " pharmacy legislation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8110": " pharmacy legislation", "5726e08e5951b619008f8111": " trained pharmacy", "5726e08e5951b619008f8112": " compulsory texts, equipment, etc., specified in legislation. Where it was once the case that pharmacists stayed within the dispensary compounding/dispensing", "5726e08e5951b619008f8113": " pharmacy legislation", "5726e179dd62a815002e93ae": " home) many pharmacists practicing in hospitals gain", "5726e179dd62a815002e93af": " drug interactions) and patient compliance", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b0": " clinics, herbal medicine", "5726e179dd62a815002e93b1": " clinics, herbal medicine", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb2": "Hospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb3": " community setting. Most hospital medications are unit-dose", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb4": "Hospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb5": "Hospital pharmacies", "5726e313f1498d1400e8eeb6": "Hospital pharmacies can often be found within the premises of the hospital. Hospital pharmacies", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9404": " wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9405": " wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9406": " physicians", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9407": " wellness", "5726e3c4dd62a815002e9408": " care rounds drug product selection", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cb": " comprehensive drug therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cc": " comprehensive drug therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81cd": " comprehensive drug therapy", "5726e5c95951b619008f81ce": " designing and initiating a drug therapy", "5726e985dd62a815002e94da": " North Carolina and New Mexico these pharmacist clinicians are given collaborative prescriptive and diagnostic authority", "5726e985dd62a815002e94db": " Board Certified", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dc": "2011", "5726e985dd62a815002e94dd": " Board Certified Ambulatory Care Pharm", "5726e985dd62a815002e94de": " Indian Health Service, and NIH) ambulatory care", "5726ea985951b619008f8261": "Consultant pharmacy practice focuses more on medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services", "5726ea985951b619008f8262": " medication regimen review (i.e. \"cognitive services\") than on actual dispensing of drugs. Consultant pharmacists most typically work in nursing homes", "5726ea985951b619008f8263": " consultant pharmacists", "5726ea985951b619008f8264": " consultant pharmacists begin to work directly with patients", "5726ea985951b619008f8265": " regimen review", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826b": " about the year 2000", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826c": " brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826d": " brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826e": " brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", "5726eb4b5951b619008f826f": " brick-and-mortar community pharmacies", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00c": " potentially dangerous, especially by those who feel that only doctors can reliably assess contrain", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00d": " Internet", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00e": " pharmacies dispensing substandard products", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f00f": " pharmacies dispensing substandard products", "5726ed6cf1498d1400e8f010": " a valid prescription, some Internet pharmacies", "5726edecdd62a815002e957e": " Internet pharmacies", "5726edecdd62a815002e957f": " hydrocodone", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05e": " Internet pharmacies", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f05f": " hydrocodone", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f060": " hydrocodone", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f061": " Vicodin", "5726ef73f1498d1400e8f062": " hydrocodone", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f7": " Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs. While in most cases importation of prescription medications violates Food and Drug Administration", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f8": " United States", "5726f0e35951b619008f82f9": " violates Food and Drug Administration", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fa": " Canada and other countries, in order to reduce consumer costs. While in most cases importation of prescription medications violates Food and Drug Administration", "5726f0e35951b619008f82fb": " prescription medications violates Food and Drug Administration", "5726f2375951b619008f830f": " healthcare information technology", "5726f2375951b619008f8310": " Pharmacists", "5726f2375951b619008f8311": " Pharmacists", "5726f2375951b619008f8312": " pharmacy, however, they may also work in information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies. As a practice area and specialist domain", "5726f2375951b619008f8313": " Pharmacists in this area are trained to participate in medication management system", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95fe": " cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid", "5726f36cdd62a815002e95ff": "19 of 28", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9600": " cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9601": " cancer, hepatitis, and rheumatoid", "5726f36cdd62a815002e9602": " prescriptions for any common medication can be brought in and filled, specialty pharmacies", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0da": " only pharmacists", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0db": " physicians", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dc": "kickback\" payments. However, the American Medical Association", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0dd": "7 to 10 percent", "5726f48df1498d1400e8f0de": " physicians. These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public", "5726f635dd62a815002e9657": " physicians", "5726f635dd62a815002e9656": " Austria", "5726f635dd62a815002e9658": "4 kilometers", "5726f635dd62a815002e9659": "4 kilometers", "5726f7715951b619008f838d": " he or she can then sell more medications", "5726f7715951b619008f838e": " he or she can then sell more medications", "5726f7715951b619008f838f": " medication that may have side-effects", "5726f7715951b619008f8391": " a financial", "5726f7715951b619008f8390": "-effective medication", "5726f868dd62a815002e9684": " Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9685": " Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9686": " Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9687": " Medication Therapy Management", "5726f868dd62a815002e9688": " Medication Therapy Management", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9698": " Australian Government for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews. In Canada, pharmacists in certain provinces have limited prescribing rights (as in Alberta and British Columbia", "5726f96ddd62a815002e9699": " provincial government", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969a": "Medschecks", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969b": "Medschecks", "5726f96ddd62a815002e969c": "Medschecks", "5726fa525951b619008f83f7": " mortar and pest", "5726fa525951b619008f83f8": " mortar and pest", "5726fa525951b619008f83f9": " mortar and pest", "5726fa525951b619008f83fa": " mortar and pest", "5726fa525951b619008f83fb": " mortar and pest", "5726e65e708984140094d53d": " a system of many biological structures and processes", "5726e65e708984140094d53e": " subsystems", "5726e65e708984140094d53f": " pathogens, from viruses", "5726e65e708984140094d540": " subsystems", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efda": " a system of many biological structures and processes", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdb": " subsystems", "5726eb76f1498d1400e8efdc": " pathogens, from viruses", "5728eff82ca10214002daadc": " subsystems", "5728eff82ca10214002daadd": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "5728eff82ca10214002daade": " neuroimmune", "5728eff82ca10214002daadf": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "572a14af3f37b319004786c1": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "572a14af3f37b319004786c3": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "572a14af3f37b319004786c2": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "572a14af3f37b319004786c4": " subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity", "5726eb785951b619008f8275": " bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "5726eb785951b619008f8276": " adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization", "5726eb785951b619008f8277": " phagocytosis", "5726eb785951b619008f8278": " bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system", "572a135daf94a219006aa79f": " defensins", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a0": " defensins", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a1": " defensins", "572a135daf94a219006aa7a2": " defensins", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe2": " HIV/AIDS", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe3": " when the immune system", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe4": " autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe5": " Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid", "5726eb8bf1498d1400e8efe6": " Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "5728f2e26aef051400154896": " HIV/AIDS", "5728f2e26aef051400154897": " HIV/AIDS", "5728f2e26aef051400154898": " HIV/AIDS", "5728f2e26aef051400154899": " HIV/AIDS", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f166": " Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f167": " Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f168": " Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", "5726f8abf1498d1400e8f169": " Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", "5728f3724b864d1900165116": " Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis", "5728f3724b864d1900165117": " examines the structure and function of the immune system", "5728f3724b864d1900165118": " Nobel Prize", "5728f3724b864d1900165119": "430 BC", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16e": " bacteria and viruses", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f16f": " adap", "5726f8aef1498d1400e8f170": " layered defenses", "5728f6446aef0514001548e4": " layered defenses", "5728f6446aef0514001548e5": " adap", "5728f6446aef0514001548e6": " adapts", "5728f6446aef0514001548e7": " adap", "5728f7774b864d190016512e": " foreign molecules. One class of non-self molecules are called antigens", "5728f7774b864d190016512f": " antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165130": " antigens", "5728f7774b864d1900165131": " antigens (short for antibody generators", "5728f7774b864d1900165132": " foreign substances by the immune system", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5a": "Microorganisms or toxins", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5b": "Microorganisms or toxins", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5c": " toxins", "5728f9882ca10214002dab5d": "Microorganisms or toxins", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6a": " waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6b": " waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6c": " mucus secreted by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6d": " waxy cuticle of many leaves, the exoskeleton of insects", "5728fb002ca10214002dab6e": " externally deposited eggs", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec7": " semen contains defensins", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec8": "Chemical barriers also protect against infection. The skin and respiratory tract", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ec9": " semen contains defensins", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9eca": "Chemical barriers also protect against infection. The skin and respiratory tract", "5728fc2eaf94a219006a9ecb": " semen contains defensins", "5728fd206aef05140015494c": " genitourinary", "5728fd206aef05140015494d": " oral antibiotics can lead to an \"overgrowth\" of fungi and cause conditions such as a vaginal candidias", "5728fd206aef05140015494e": "overgrowth\" of fungi and cause conditions such as a vaginal candidias", "5728fd206aef05140015494f": " food and space", "572900f73f37b31900477f69": " redness", "572900f73f37b31900477f6a": " redness", "572900f73f37b31900477f6b": " Eicosanoids include prostaglandins", "572900f73f37b31900477f6c": " cytokines", "572900f73f37b31900477f6d": " eicosanoids and cytokines, which are released by injured or infected cells. Eicosanoids include prostaglandins", "572905ce1d04691400778f83": " phagosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f84": "phagocytes", "572905ce1d04691400778f85": " nutrients", "572905ce1d04691400778f86": " phagosome", "572905ce1d04691400778f87": "phagocytes", "5729081d3f37b31900477fab": " phagocytes", "5729081d3f37b31900477fac": " phagocytes", "5729081d3f37b31900477fad": "50% to 60%", "5729081d3f37b31900477fae": " chemotaxis, and are usually the first cells to arrive at the scene of infection. Macrophages", "5729081d3f37b31900477faf": " chemotaxis, and are usually the first cells to arrive at the scene of infection. Macrophages", "572908c13f37b31900477fbd": "white blood cells", "572908c13f37b31900477fbe": " Innate cells", "572908c13f37b31900477fbf": " mediators in the activation of the adaptive immune system", "572908c13f37b31900477fc0": "white blood cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785cf": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d0": " nervous system", "5729efab3f37b319004785d1": "Dendritic cells", "5729efab3f37b319004785d2": " nervous system", "5729f06f1d04691400779674": "missing self.\" This term describes cells with low levels of a cell-surface", "5729f06f1d04691400779673": " low levels of a cell-surface", "5729f06f1d04691400779675": " MHC I (major histocompatibility complex) \u2013 a situation that can arise in viral infections of host cells", "5729f06f1d04691400779676": " activation in order to kill cells", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e1": " early vertebrates", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e2": " antigen", "5729f12e3f37b319004785e3": "remembered\" by a signature antigen", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d3": " regulatory T cells", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d4": " \u03b3\u03b4 T cells that recognize intact antigens that are not bound to MHC receptors", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d5": " helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to Class II", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d6": " helper T cells and regulatory T cells only recognize antigens coupled to Class II", "5729f1fcaf94a219006aa6d7": " regulatory T cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514c": " B cells", "5729f39a6aef05140015514e": " granulysin", "5729f39a6aef05140015514d": " granulysin", "5729f39a6aef051400155150": " granulysin", "5729f39a6aef05140015514f": " the T cell, called CD8", "5729f4b41d0469140077968b": " Cytokine", "5729f4b41d0469140077968c": "200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968d": "200\u2013300", "5729f4b41d0469140077968e": " helper", "5729f4b41d0469140077968f": " helper cell's CD4", "5729f5a03f37b31900478605": " helper T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478606": " invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted Natural Killer", "5729f5a03f37b31900478607": "Gamma delta T cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478608": " helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and NK cells", "5729f5a03f37b31900478609": " CD1d-restricted Natural Killer", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6f9": " B cell identifies pathogens", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fa": " B cell identifies pathogens", "5729f69caf94a219006aa6fb": " B cell and processed by proteolysis into peptides. The B cell then displays these antigenic peptides on its surface MHC class II", "5729f799af94a219006aa707": " the lifetime of an individual as an adaptation to infection", "5729f799af94a219006aa708": " passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", "5729f799af94a219006aa709": "adaptive\" because it occurs during the lifetime of an individual as an adaptation to infection with that pathogen and prepares the immune system", "5729f799af94a219006aa70a": " passive short-term memory or active long-term memory", "5729f8516aef05140015516c": " passive immunity because the fetus does not actually make any memory cells", "5729f8516aef05140015516d": " IgG", "5729f8516aef05140015516e": " passive immunity because the fetus does not actually make any memory cells", "5729f8516aef05140015516f": " passive immunity because the fetus does not actually make any memory cells", "5729f9953f37b3190047861f": " lupus erythematosus strike", "5729f9953f37b31900478620": "Hormones can act as immunomodulators", "5729f9953f37b31900478621": " lupus erythematosus strike", "5729f9953f37b31900478622": " lupus erythematosus strike", "5729fa40af94a219006aa70f": " NFIL3", "5729fa40af94a219006aa710": " NFIL3", "5729fa40af94a219006aa711": " NFIL3", "5729fb003f37b31900478627": " hormone", "5729fb003f37b31900478628": " UVB radiation", "5729fb003f37b31900478629": " aging individuals. Conversely, some hormones are regulated by the immune system, notably thyroid hormone", "5729fb003f37b3190047862a": " UVB radiation", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969d": " helper T cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969e": " helper T cells", "5729fc3d1d0469140077969f": " helper", "5729fc3d1d046914007796a0": " helper T cells", "5729fd111d046914007796a5": " Pathogen-associated molecular patterns", "5729fd111d046914007796a6": " Pathogen", "5729fd111d046914007796a7": " Pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs", "5729fd111d046914007796a8": " Pathogen-associated molecular patterns", "5729fd111d046914007796a9": " Pathogen-associated molecular patterns", "5729fe5c3f37b3190047862f": "self\" peptides. One of the functions of specialized cells", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478630": " autoimmune disorders", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478631": " thymus and bone marrow) is to present young lymphocytes", "5729fe5c3f37b31900478632": " specialized cells", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa739": "Immunodeficiencies", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73a": " inactive. The ability of the immune system to respond to pathogens is diminished in both the young and the elderly", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73b": "50 years of age", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73c": " alcoholism", "5729fefbaf94a219006aa73d": "Immunodeficiencies", "5729ffda1d046914007796af": " activation of B and T cells", "5729ffda1d046914007796b0": " acquired following infection by activation of B and T cells", "5729ffda1d046914007796b1": " activation of B and T cells", "5729ffda1d046914007796b2": " activation of B and T cells", "572a019f3f37b31900478643": " ability to elude", "572a019f3f37b31900478644": " Bacteria often overcome physical barriers by secreting enzymes that digest the barrier, for example, by using a type II secretion system", "572a019f3f37b31900478645": " move from the pathogen to the host. These proteins are often used to shut down host defenses", "572a019f3f37b31900478646": " move from the pathogen to the host. These proteins are often used to shut down host defenses", "572a02483f37b3190047864b": " Niels Jerne", "572a02483f37b3190047864c": " Niels Jerne", "572a02483f37b3190047864d": "CST) of immunity. On the basis of CST, Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself", "572a02483f37b3190047864e": " CST, Burnet developed a theory of how an immune response is triggered according to the self/nonself distinction", "572a03086aef0514001551a2": " Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs are often used in conjunction with cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate", "572a03086aef0514001551a3": " cytotoxic", "572a03086aef0514001551a4": "Anti-inflammatory", "572a03086aef0514001551a5": " Lower doses of anti-inflammatory drugs are often used in conjunction with cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drugs", "572a04d51d046914007796cd": "cytotoxic T lymphocytes", "572a04d51d046914007796ce": "cytotoxic", "572a04d51d046914007796cf": " First, inflammation would cause serious cognitive and physical impairments", "572a04d51d046914007796d0": " First, inflammation would cause serious cognitive and physical impairments", "572a058aaf94a219006aa751": " vitamin D, the steroid hormone", "572a058aaf94a219006aa752": " vitamin D, the steroid hormone", "572a058aaf94a219006aa753": " vitamin D, the steroid hormone", "572a058aaf94a219006aa754": " vitamin D, the steroid hormone", "572a058aaf94a219006aa755": " vitamin D, the steroid hormone", "572a06af3f37b31900478667": " defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478668": " defensins", "572a06af3f37b31900478669": " defensins", "572a06af3f37b3190047866a": " defensins", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dc": " Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551dd": " Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551de": " Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a07fc6aef0514001551df": " Variable lymphocyte receptors", "572a096e6aef0514001551e4": " unique defense mechanism", "572a096e6aef0514001551e5": " bacteriophages", "572a096e6aef0514001551e6": " unicellular eukaryotes", "572a096e6aef0514001551e7": " bacteriophages", "572a0a686aef0514001551ec": " Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells \u2013 more precisely, phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ed": " Robert Koch", "572a0a686aef0514001551ee": " Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells \u2013 more precisely, phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551ef": " Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells \u2013 more precisely, phagocytes", "572a0a686aef0514001551f0": " Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells \u2013 more precisely, phagocytes", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f6": " cytokine TGF-\u03b2, which suppresses the activity of macrophages", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f7": " Tumor cells often have a reduced number of MHC class", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f8": " Tumor cells", "572a0b0b6aef0514001551f9": " cytokine TGF-\u03b2, which suppresses the activity of macrophages", "572a0bf96aef051400155204": " cytotoxic", "572a0bf96aef051400155205": " four", "572a0bf96aef051400155206": " Type I hypersensitivity is an immediate or anaphylactic reaction", "572a0bf96aef051400155207": " antibody-dependent (or cytotoxic", "572a0bf96aef051400155208": " allergy. Symptoms can range from mild discomfort to death. Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE, which triggers degranulation of mast cells", "572a0ce11d046914007796fd": " evasion strategy used by several pathogens to avoid the innate immune system is to hide within the cells of their host (also called intracellular pathogenesis).", "572a0ce11d046914007796fe": "Leishmania", "572a0ce11d046914007796ff": "Leishmania", "572a0ce11d04691400779700": "Leishmania", "572a0ce11d04691400779701": "Leishmania", "572a0e4b6aef051400155214": " antigenic variation", "572a0e4b6aef051400155215": " antigenic variation", "572a0e4b6aef051400155216": " antigenic variation", "572a0e4b6aef051400155217": " antigenic variation", "572a0f073f37b3190047867f": " tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478680": " tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478681": " tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478682": " tyrosinase", "572a0f073f37b31900478683": " tyrosinase", "572a10cd6aef051400155222": "Larger drugs (>500", "572a10cd6aef051400155223": " immunoinformatics", "572a10cd6aef051400155224": " immunoinformatics", "572a10cd6aef051400155225": "Larger drugs (>500", "572a10cd6aef051400155226": "Larger drugs (>500", "572a12386aef051400155234": " cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine induce increased blood levels of the hormones leptin, pituitary growth hormone", "572a12386aef051400155235": " cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine induce increased blood levels of the hormones leptin, pituitary growth hormone", "572a12386aef051400155236": " cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine induce increased blood levels of the hormones leptin, pituitary growth hormone", "572a12386aef051400155237": " cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine induce increased blood levels of the hormones leptin, pituitary growth hormone", "572a142e3f37b319004786b9": " rapid killing response. The speed of the response is a result of signal amplification that occurs following sequential proteolytic activation", "572a142e3f37b319004786bc": " by disrupting their plasma", "572a142e3f37b319004786ba": " microbes", "572a142e3f37b319004786bb": " rapid killing response. The speed of the response is a result of signal amplification", "57271c235951b619008f860b": " Baltic countries from the Soviet Union, recently with the 2003 Rose Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860c": " Baltic countries from the Soviet Union, recently with the 2003 Rose Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860d": " Baltic countries from the Soviet Union, recently with the 2003 Rose Revolution", "57271c235951b619008f860e": " India (Gandhi's campaigns for independence from the British Empire), in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution and in East Germany", "57271c235951b619008f860f": " British Empire), in Czechoslovakia's Velvet Revolution and in East Germany", "5728d4c03acd2414000dff9f": " Baltic countries from the Soviet Union, recently with the 2003 Rose Revolution", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa0": " Egyptians against the British occupation in the 1919 Revolution. Civil disobedience", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa1": " oust their communist governments", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa2": " Baltic countries from the Soviet Union, recently with the 2003 Rose Revolution", "5728d4c03acd2414000dffa3": " Baltic countries from the Soviet Union, recently with the 2003 Rose Revolution", "57271f125951b619008f8635": " civil disobedience", "57271f125951b619008f8636": " Oedipus", "57271f125951b619008f8637": " Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8638": " Antigone", "57271f125951b619008f8639": " Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb3": " civil disobedience", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb4": " Sophocles", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb5": " King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb6": " Antigone", "5728d5793acd2414000dffb7": " smite", "5727213c708984140094da35": " Henry David Thoreau", "5727213c708984140094da36": " Henry David Thoreau", "5727213c708984140094da38": " Henry David Thoreau", "5727213c708984140094da39": " imagines", "5727213c708984140094da37": " Henry David Thoreau", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f18": " Henry David Thoreau", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f19": " Henry David Thoreau", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1a": " Henry David Thoreau", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1c": " Henry David Thoreau", "5728d63c4b864d1900164f1b": " Henry David Thoreau", "572726c9708984140094da7b": " ambiguity and in modern times", "572726c9708984140094da7e": "civil disobedience", "572726c9708984140094da7c": " ambiguity and in modern times", "572726c9708984140094da7d": " ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90e": " ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da90f": " Agnew it has become a code-word describing the activities of muggers", "5728d6f02ca10214002da910": " ambiguity and in modern times", "5728d6f02ca10214002da911": " ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen", "5728d6f02ca10214002da912": " ambiguity and in modern times, become utterly debased. Marshall Cohen", "572807802ca10214002d9bf8": " Alice in Wonderland", "572807802ca10214002d9bf9": " if not impossible. In reviewing the voluminous literature on the subject, the student of civil disobedience", "572807802ca10214002d9bfa": " lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "572807802ca10214002d9bfb": " lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience, and violent civil disobedience", "572807802ca10214002d9bfc": " lawful protest demonstration, nonviolent civil disobedience", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4c": " Alice in Wonderland", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4d": " more (or no less)", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4e": " if not impossible. In reviewing the voluminous literature on the subject, the student of civil disobedience", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f4f": " if not impossible. In reviewing the voluminous literature on the subject, the student of civil disobedience", "5728d7c54b864d1900164f50": " if not impossible. In reviewing the voluminous literature on the subject, the student of civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164370": " a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164371": " a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164372": " a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience", "57280f974b864d1900164373": " since the head of government", "57280f974b864d1900164374": " pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse", "5728d9403acd2414000e001b": " pertaining to a citizen's relation to the state and its laws, as distinguished from a constitutional impasse", "5728d9403acd2414000e001c": " a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience", "5728d9403acd2414000e001d": "Civil disobedience", "5728d9403acd2414000e001e": " a decision of that country's highest court, it would not be civil disobedience", "5728d9403acd2414000e001f": "Civil disobedience", "572812e74b864d19001643ce": " shouldn\u2019t that voice be heeded? Thoreau admits", "572812e74b864d19001643cf": " shouldn\u2019t that voice be heeded? Thoreau admits", "572812e74b864d19001643d0": " Thoreau's", "572812e74b864d19001643d1": " shouldn\u2019t that voice be heeded? Thoreau admits", "572812e74b864d19001643d2": " Thoreau's political philosophy", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005d": " Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005e": " Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e005f": " Thoreau", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0060": " shouldn\u2019t that voice be heeded? Thoreau admits", "5728dafe3acd2414000e0061": " postman", "5728151b4b864d1900164428": " civil disobedience", "5728151b4b864d1900164429": " justified against governmental entities", "5728151b4b864d190016442a": " The same principle, she argues, applies to breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments", "5728151b4b864d190016442b": " governmental entities", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0080": " Brownlee", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0081": " The same principle, she argues, applies to breaches of law in protest against international organizations and foreign governments", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e007f": "a larger challenge to the legal system that permits those decisions to be taken\".", "5728dc2d3acd2414000e0083": " civil disobedience", "572818f54b864d190016446c": " publicly, at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience", "572818f54b864d190016446d": " publicly, at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience", "572818f54b864d190016446e": " civil disobedience", "572818f54b864d190016446f": " disobey rules that conflict with morality, we might ask why disobedience should take the form of public civil disobedience", "572818f54b864d1900164470": " disobey rules that conflict with morality, we might ask why disobedience should take the form of public civil disobedience", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d2": " if it is not done publicly, at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d3": " if it is not done publicly, at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d4": " if it is not done publicly, at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d5": " disobey rules that conflict with morality, we might ask why disobedience should take the form of public civil disobedience", "5728dddc2ca10214002da9d6": " publicly, at least must be publicly announced in order to constitute civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a2": " Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a3": " Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a4": " Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a5": " Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience", "57281c594b864d19001644a6": " non-viol", "5728df634b864d1900164fe2": " Black's Law", "5728df634b864d1900164fe3": "There have been debates as to whether civil disobedience", "5728df634b864d1900164fe4": " Civil disobedients' refraining from violence is also said to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience", "5728df634b864d1900164fe6": " to help preserve society's tolerance of civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ec": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ed": " Revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ee": "alter or abolish\" an unjust government to be a principle of civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644ef": " revolutionary civil disobedience. It has been claimed that the Hungarians under Ferenc De\u00e1k directed revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728202c4b864d19001644f0": " revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00e9": "Non-revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ea": " implies sweeping and widespread change to a section of the social fabric). Gandhi's acts have been described as revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00eb": " revolutionary civil disobedience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ec": " simple disobedience", "5728e07e3acd2414000e00ed": " revolutionary civil disobedience", "572822233acd2414000df555": " after the end of the Mexican War", "572822233acd2414000df556": " higher political office, and Thoreau's essay was not published until after the end of the Mexican War", "572822233acd2414000df557": " not published until after the end of the Mexican War", "572822233acd2414000df558": " solitary civil disobedience", "572822233acd2414000df559": " after the end of the Mexican War", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0131": " after the end of the Mexican War", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0132": " solitary civil disobedience", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0133": " solitary civil disobedience", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0134": " solitary civil disobedience", "5728e3c33acd2414000e0135": " months", "572825a92ca10214002d9efe": " civil disobedience", "572825a92ca10214002d9eff": " civil disobedience", "572825a92ca10214002d9f00": " Bedau writes, \"There is a whole class of acts, undertaken in the name of civil disobedience", "572825a92ca10214002d9f01": "180-foot (55 m)-tall, 600-year-old California Redwood tree for 738 days", "572825a92ca10214002d9f02": " Bedau writes, \"There is a whole class of acts, undertaken in the name of civil disobedience", "5728e5224b864d1900165032": " Bedau writes, \"There is a whole class of acts, undertaken in the name of civil disobedience", "5728e5224b864d1900165033": " Bedau writes, \"There is a whole class of acts, undertaken in the name of civil disobedience", "5728e5224b864d1900165034": " civil disobedience", "5728e5224b864d1900165035": " Bedau writes, \"There is a whole class of acts, undertaken in the name of civil disobedience", "5728e5224b864d1900165036": "Civil disobed", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cd": "Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy album, which eventually led to the 1978 Supreme Court case of FCC v. Pacifica Foundation", "5728284e3acd2414000df5ce": "Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy", "5728284e3acd2414000df5cf": " Joseph Haas", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d0": "Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy", "5728284e3acd2414000df5d1": "1978", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0171": "Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0172": " Joseph Haas", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0173": " Joseph Haas was arrested for allegedly sending an email to the Lebanon, New Hampshire city councilors stating, \"Wise up or die.\"", "5728e5f43acd2414000e0174": "Filthy Words\" from a George Carlin comedy", "57282dfb4b864d1900164668": " Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim to engage in moral dialogue", "57282dfb4b864d1900164669": " The Plowshares organization temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai", "57282dfb4b864d190016466a": " temporarily closed GCSB Waihopai", "57282dfb4b864d190016466b": " civil disobedience", "57282dfb4b864d190016466c": " In this way, they might be considered coercive. Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion", "5728e715ff5b5019007da914": " civil disobedience", "5728e715ff5b5019007da916": " Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim", "5728e715ff5b5019007da917": " pay taxes", "5728e715ff5b5019007da918": " Brownlee notes that \"although civil disobedients are constrained in their use of coercion by their conscientious aim", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6c": "Many of the same decisions and principles that apply in other criminal investigations and arrests arise also in civil disobedience", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6d": " Thoreau", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6e": "My civil neighbor", "5728e8212ca10214002daa6f": " civil disobedience", "5728e8212ca10214002daa70": " to a lack of understanding", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c5": " criminal law", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c6": " because of their belief", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c7": " criminal law", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c8": " anarchists, don't believe in the legitimacy of any government, and therefore see no need to accept punishment for a violation of criminal law", "5728eb1a3acd2414000e01c9": " criminal law", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01d9": " civil disobedients is whether or not to plead guilty. There is much debate on this point, as some believe that it is a civil disobedient", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01da": " increase the possibility of changing the unjust law. It has also been argued that either choice is compatible with the spirit of civil disobedience", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01db": " either choice is compatible with the spirit of civil disobedience", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dc": " Civil Disobedience Training handbook", "5728ebcb3acd2414000e01dd": " civil disobed", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650aa": " Las Vegas", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ab": " Francis Heisler", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ac": " Francis Heisler", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ad": "guilty,\"", "5728ec6a4b864d19001650ae": "guilty", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97c": " to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservience", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97d": " spirit of subservience", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97e": " reminding their countrymen of injustice. But that is different than the notion that they must go to jail as part of a rule connected with civil disobedience", "5728ed94ff5b5019007da97f": " to switch suddenly to a spirit of subservience", "5728eef92ca10214002daab0": " Mohandas", "5728eef92ca10214002daab1": " solidarity tactics to secure the same plea", "5728eef92ca10214002daab2": "28", "5728eef92ca10214002daab3": " civil disobed", "5728eef92ca10214002daab4": " Mohandas", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e55": " defiant speech", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e56": " because, according to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, her statement suggested a lack of remorse", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e57": " because, according to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, her statement suggested a lack of remorse", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e58": " because, according to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, her statement suggested a lack of remorse", "5728f50baf94a219006a9e59": " defiant speech", "5728facd4b864d1900165170": " civil disobedience.\"", "5728facd4b864d1900165171": " civil disobedience", "5728facd4b864d1900165172": " civil disobedience", "5728facd4b864d1900165173": " civil disobedience", "5728facd4b864d1900165174": " Sparf v. United States, which held that the judge need not inform jurors of their nullification prerogative", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef5": " Michael Bayles", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef6": " breaking the law for self-gratification", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef7": " Michael Bayles", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef8": " self-gratification", "5728fb6a1d04691400778ef9": " breaking the law for self-gratification", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f11": "Indirect civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f12": "1977", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f13": "Courts have distinguished between two types of civil disobedience: \"Indirect civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f14": " direct civil disobedience", "5728fc9e1d04691400778f15": " because \"prosecutors", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2b": " Leonard Hubert Hoffmann", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2d": " Leonard Hubert Hoffmann", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2e": " Leonard Hubert Hoffmann", "5728fd3c3f37b31900477f2f": " Leonard Hubert Hoffmann", "57273a465951b619008f86ff": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure", "57273a465951b619008f8700": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production", "57273a465951b619008f8701": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure", "57273a465951b619008f8702": "Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production", "57273a465951b619008f8703": " manufacturing typically involves mass production", "57273cca708984140094db33": " megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db34": " megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db35": " megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db36": " megaprojects", "57273cca708984140094db37": " megaprojects", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4fe": " heavy/high", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f4ff": " heavy/high", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f500": " heavy/high", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f501": " heavy/high", "57273d8bf1498d1400e8f502": " heavy/high", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a02": "ENR) is a trade magazine", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a03": "Top-250", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a04": "2014", "57273e50dd62a815002e9a05": "Top-250", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0a": " North American Industry Classification System", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0b": " heavy and civil engineering", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0c": " Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System", "57273f27dd62a815002e9a0d": " building construction, heavy and civil engineering", "57274046dd62a815002e9a12": "Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property", "57274046dd62a815002e9a13": " labor", "57274046dd62a815002e9a14": "Building construction is the process of adding structure to real property", "57274046dd62a815002e9a15": " structural collapse", "57274046dd62a815002e9a16": " various common elements", "572742bd5951b619008f8785": "Residential construction practices, technologies, and resources must conform to local building authority regulations and codes", "572742bd5951b619008f8786": " brick versus stone", "572742bd5951b619008f8787": "custom designed homes are often more expensive to build) and the availability of skilled trades", "572742bd5951b619008f8788": "Residential construction practices, technologies, and resources must conform to local building authority regulations and codes", "572744aff1498d1400e8f588": " Janjaap Rui", "572744aff1498d1400e8f589": " flexibly construct", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58a": "New techniques of building construction are being researched, made possible by advances in 3D printing technology", "572744aff1498d1400e8f58b": "20 hours", "572745c6708984140094db9a": " physical proceedings", "572745c6708984140094db99": " reality", "572745c6708984140094db9b": " most commonly employed by (i.e. in contract with) the property owner", "572745c6708984140094db9c": " Architect, civil engineers, mechanical engineers", "572745c6708984140094db9d": " the design team, a number of construction companies or construction management companies", "57274e0d708984140094dbe5": " separated specialties", "57274e0d708984140094dbe6": " performance specification and must undertake the project from design", "57274e0d708984140094dbe7": " Presently, a firm that is nominally an \"architecture\" or \"construction management\" firm may have experts from all related fields as employees", "57274e0d708984140094dbe8": " Presently, a firm that is nominally an \"architecture\" or \"construction management", "57274e975951b619008f87f9": " growing beyond traditional offerings of design", "57274e975951b619008f87fa": " placing more emphasis on establishing relationships with other necessary participants through the design-build process", "57274e975951b619008f87fb": " design", "57274f67708984140094dbf5": "Construction projects can suffer from preventable financial problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf6": "Construction projects can suffer from preventable financial problems", "57274f67708984140094dbf7": " when builders ask for too little money", "57274f67708984140094dbf8": "Construction projects", "5727502f708984140094dc07": " Accountants act to study the expected monetary flow over the life of the project and to monitor the payouts throughout the process. Cost engineers and estimators", "5727502f708984140094dc08": " highly likely, even in relatively small projects since the owner's equity in the property is the most obvious source of funding", "5727502f708984140094dc09": "Mortgage bankers", "5727502f708984140094dc0b": " overall plan", "5727502f708984140094dc0a": "Mortgage bankers", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af0": " Constructing", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af1": " malum in se considerations, or the desire to prevent things that are indisputably bad \u2013 bridge collapses or explosions", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af2": " bridge collapses or explosions", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af3": " bridge collapses or explosions", "572750e8dd62a815002e9af4": " Constructing", "572751b4708984140094dc1b": " contracts", "572751b4708984140094dc1c": " exchange", "572751b4708984140094dc1d": " little as possible. The time element in construction means that a delay costs money", "572751b4708984140094dc1e": " little as possible. The time element in construction means that a delay costs money, and in cases of bottlenecks", "572751b4708984140094dc1f": "A construction project is a complex net of contracts", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0e": " procurement", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b0f": " partnering such as Public-Private Partnering (PPPs) aka private finance", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b10": " procurement", "5727526cdd62a815002e9b11": " Public-Private Partnering (PPPs) aka private finance", "572753335951b619008f8853": " design", "572753335951b619008f8854": " subcontract", "572753335951b619008f8855": " direct contractual links", "572753335951b619008f8856": " design", "572753335951b619008f8857": " design", "57275411dd62a815002e9b30": " produces a list of requirements for a project, giving an overall view of the project's goals. Several D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b31": "-bid-build", "57275411dd62a815002e9b32": " D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b33": "The owner produces a list of requirements for a project, giving an overall view of the project's goals. Several D&B contractors", "57275411dd62a815002e9b34": "2. This is in contrast to a design-bid-build contract", "572754fff1498d1400e8f660": " the utilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f661": " approved plans and the local building", "572754fff1498d1400e8f662": " verify and have existing utility lines", "572754fff1498d1400e8f663": " phone, and cable facilities", "572754fff1498d1400e8f664": "Before the foundation can be dug, contractors are typically required to verify and have existing utility lines", "572755b7708984140094dc4d": " $680 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4e": " $960 billion", "572755b7708984140094dc4f": "828,000", "572755b7708984140094dc50": "1 million contractors (200,000 general contractors, 38,000", "572755b7708984140094dc51": "828,000", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f674": " \u00a342", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f675": " \u00a342", "5727565ef1498d1400e8f676": " UK", "572756fe708984140094dc71": " electrocution", "572756fe708984140094dc72": " electrocution", "572756fe708984140094dc73": " electrocution", "572756fe708984140094dc74": " electrocution", "572746addd62a815002e9a5e": " nonstate schools", "572746addd62a815002e9a5f": " nonstate schools", "572746addd62a815002e9a60": " independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools", "572746addd62a815002e9a61": " independent schools, non-governmental, or nonstate schools, are not administered by local, state or national governments", "57274712708984140094dbad": " Private education in North America covers the whole gamut of educational activity, ranging from pre-school to tertiary level institutions. Annual tuition fees", "57274712708984140094dbae": "tuition-free' schools", "57274712708984140094dbaf": " Australia and Canada", "57274712708984140094dbb0": "tuition-free", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59a": "prep schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59b": "prep schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59c": "prep schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59d": "prep schools", "5727478cf1498d1400e8f59e": " peer tu", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a4": " K-12 private education", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a5": " Protestants, Jews, Muslims and the Orthodox Christians", "5727482bf1498d1400e8f5a6": " parochial schools, a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a82": " Student uniforms for Australian private schools are generally stricter and more formal than in government schools - for example, a compulsory blazer. Private schools in Australia", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a83": " Student uniforms for Australian private schools are generally stricter and more formal than in government schools - for example, a compulsory blazer. Private schools", "5727490bdd62a815002e9a84": " Student uniforms for Australian private schools are generally stricter and more formal than in government schools - for example, a compulsory blazer. Private schools in Australia", "57274971708984140094dbbb": " Presbyterian Church", "57274971708984140094dbbc": " Anglican Church, Uniting Church and Presbyterian Church", "57274971708984140094dbbd": " style", "57274971708984140094dbbe": " Uniting Church", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9a": " Article 7, Paragraph 4 of the Grundgesetz", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9b": " private schools in Germany", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9c": "6.1% to 7.8% (including rise from 0.5% to 6.1%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9d": "6.1% to 7.8%", "57274a1edd62a815002e9a9e": "6.1%", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bc": "Ersatzsch", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5bd": " private individuals, private organizations or religious groups", "57274a8ff1498d1400e8f5be": " by private individuals, private organizations or religious groups", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d4": " post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d5": " Erg\u00e4nzung", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d6": " Erg\u00e4nzungsschulen have the freedom to operate outside of government regulation and are funded in whole by charging their students tuition fees", "57274b35f1498d1400e8f5d7": " Erg\u00e4nzung", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e4": " independent schools", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e5": " NEN", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e6": "30", "57274beff1498d1400e8f5e7": " independent schools", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa4": " private schools", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa5": "Legally", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa6": "ASER), which evaluates learning levels in rural India", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa7": " corruption by school inspectors who check compliance and to fewer schools in a country that has the largest adult illiterate population", "57274ca8dd62a815002e9aa8": " non-profit trusts and societies can run schools in India", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aae": " scoil phr\u00edobh\u00e1", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9aaf": " by a religious order", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab0": " \u20ac5,000", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab1": " Society of Jesus or Congregation of Christian Brothers", "57274d1cdd62a815002e9ab2": " \u20ac5,000", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f6": "1957", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f7": " National School system", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f8": " National School system", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5f9": " National School system", "57274d9bf1498d1400e8f5fa": " Over 60", "57274e145951b619008f87e7": "aided' schools", "57274e145951b619008f87e8": " private parties", "57274e145951b619008f87e9": " Galaxy Public School in Kathmandu", "57274e145951b619008f87ea": "Public School", "57274e145951b619008f87eb": "aided' schools. The private 'un-aided' schools are fully funded by private parties", "57274eca5951b619008f87ff": "88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000", "57274eca5951b619008f8800": "88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000", "57274eca5951b619008f8801": "88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000 students or 3.7%", "57274eca5951b619008f8802": " Private school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting", "57274eca5951b619008f8803": " Private school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61e": " Academic Colleges Group is a recent group of private schools", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f61f": " Auckland, Scots College and Queen Margaret College in Wellington", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f620": " Presbyterian, such as Saint Kentigern College", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f621": " Cambridge", "57274f49f1498d1400e8f622": " Girls in Auckland, St Paul's Collegiate School in Hamilton, St Peter's School in Cambridge, Samuel Marsden Collegiate School", "5727500f708984140094dbfd": "7.5% of primary enrollment, 32%", "5727500f708984140094dbfe": "7.5% of primary enrollment, 32% of secondary enrollment and about 80%", "5727500f708984140094dbff": "7.5% of primary enrollment, 32%", "5727500f708984140094dc00": " August 1992", "5727500f708984140094dc01": "1992", "572750df5951b619008f882f": " vocational and technical courses. The Private Education", "572750df5951b619008f8830": " tuition and other school fees", "572750df5951b619008f8831": " vocational and technical courses. The Private Education", "5727515f708984140094dc11": " private church schools", "5727515f708984140094dc12": "1996", "5727515f708984140094dc13": " schools", "5727515f708984140094dc14": " private church schools", "5727515f708984140094dc15": "1996", "57275409708984140094dc35": " Model", "57275409708984140094dc36": " continues to be used to describe government schools formerly reserved for white children.. These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools", "57275409708984140094dc37": " continues to be used to describe government schools formerly reserved for white children.. These schools tend to produce better academic results than government schools", "572754dd708984140094dc3b": " Over 10%", "572754dd708984140094dc3c": " Over 10%", "572754dd708984140094dc3d": "700 employees and teaches nearly 10,000", "572754dd708984140094dc3e": " Over 10%", "572754dd708984140094dc3f": " Kunskapsskolan (\u201c", "572756265951b619008f886d": " public schools. Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils aged up to 13 years old to enter public schools", "572756265951b619008f886e": " public schools. Preparatory schools in the UK prepare pupils aged up to 13 years old to enter public schools", "572756265951b619008f886f": "13 years", "572756265951b619008f8870": "13 years", "572756265951b619008f8871": " public schools", "572757bef1498d1400e8f690": " Brown v. Board of Education", "572757bef1498d1400e8f691": " Brown v. Board of Education", "572757bef1498d1400e8f692": " Mississippi). The academic content", "572757bef1498d1400e8f693": " Brown v. Board of Education", "572757bef1498d1400e8f694": " College Preparatory", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6ae": " grants from religious organizations", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6af": "Funding for private schools is generally provided through student tuition, endowments, scholarship/voucher funds", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b0": " First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments", "572758e0f1498d1400e8f6b1": " First Amendment or individual state Blaine Amendments", "572759665951b619008f8883": " educators, lawmakers and parents, since the beginnings of compulsory education in Massachusetts", "572759665951b619008f8884": "1852", "572759665951b619008f8885": "1852", "572759665951b619008f8886": " Runyon v. McCrary", "572759665951b619008f8887": " educators", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b94": " $40,000", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b95": " Groton School had substantial endowments", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b96": " Groton School had substantial endowments", "572759dbdd62a815002e9b97": " $40,000", "5727aa413acd2414000de921": " John Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de922": "18th century", "5727aa413acd2414000de923": " John Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de924": " John Harvard", "5727aa413acd2414000de925": " John Harvard", "5727aeac3acd2414000de987": "Har", "5727aeac3acd2414000de988": "18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de989": "18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98a": "18 million", "5727aeac3acd2414000de98b": "18 million", "5727aec03acd2414000de991": " University is organized into eleven separate academic units", "5727aec03acd2414000de992": " $37.6 billion", "5727aec03acd2414000de993": " $37.6 billion", "5727aec03acd2414000de994": " eleven", "5727aec03acd2414000de995": " Charles River", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c2": "1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c3": "New College", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c4": "1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c5": "1636", "5727afa82ca10214002d93c6": "1636", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e8": "1643", "5727b0892ca10214002d93e9": " University of Cambridge", "5727b0892ca10214002d93ea": " posterity, dreading to leave an illiterate ministry to the churches when our present ministers shall lie in the dust\".", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea99": "1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9a": " Harvard two years later, which signaled the changing of the tide from the dominance of traditional ideas at Harvard to the dominance of liberal, Arminian", "5727b8df3acd2414000dea9b": "1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804", "5727c0402ca10214002d9564": " Harvard College. Agassiz's approach was distinctly idealist and posited Americans", "5727c0402ca10214002d9565": " Common Sense", "5727c0402ca10214002d9566": " Harvard College. Agassiz's approach was distinctly idealist and posited Americans' \"participation in the Divine Nature", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95ba": " Christianity", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bb": " Christianity", "5727c3b02ca10214002d95bc": " William Ellery Channing and Ralph Waldo", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94ce": "James Bryant Conant", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94cf": " one of the most influential manifestos in the history of American education", "5727c55bff5b5019007d94d0": "1943", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec13": " four men attending Harvard College", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec14": "1977", "5727c69d3acd2414000dec15": " four men attending Harvard College", "5727c8863acd2414000dec49": "3 miles", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4a": " nine", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4b": " University Hall", "5727c8863acd2414000dec4c": "3 miles", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9576": " Longwood", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9577": " Charles River", "5727cc15ff5b5019007d9578": " Longwood", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d72": " fifty percent", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d73": " sinking part of Storrow Drive", "5727cd0f4b864d1900163d74": " Storrow Drive", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f0": " The Harvard Crimson. The color was unofficially adopted (in preference to magenta", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f1": " The Harvard Crimson. The color was unofficially adopted (in preference to magenta", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f2": "14,000", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f3": "1869\u20131909", "5727cebc2ca10214002d96f4": "1875", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c4": " $32 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c5": " $32 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c6": " $12 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c7": " $32 billion", "5727cff1ff5b5019007d95c8": "Har", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded13": " late 1980s", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded14": "shantytown", "5727d0f73acd2414000ded15": " $230 million (out of $400 million", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded3f": "5.3%", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded40": "2007", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded41": " to disadvantage low-income and under-represented minority applicants applying to selective universities", "5727d1c93acd2414000ded42": "2007", "5727d3843acd2414000ded69": " seven", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6a": " four", "5727d3843acd2414000ded6b": " Aesthetic and Interpretive", "5727d4922ca10214002d977c": "90% in 2004 to 60%", "5727d4922ca10214002d977d": " four", "5727d4922ca10214002d977e": " Harvard, along with other universities, has been accused of grade inflation", "5727d4922ca10214002d977f": "60%", "5727d6154b864d1900163e34": " $38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e35": " $38,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e36": " $60,000 to $80,000 pay only a few thousand dollars", "5727d6154b864d1900163e37": " $38,000, with a total cost of attendance of $57,000. Beginning 2007, families with incomes below $60,000", "5727d6154b864d1900163e38": "10%", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969a": " Harvard University Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969c": " Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969d": " Harvard Yard", "5727d6faff5b5019007d969b": "80 individual libraries holding over 18 million", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5e": " three", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e5f": " Harvard Mineralogical Museum, Harvard University Herbaria featuring the Blaschka Glass", "5727d88b4b864d1900163e60": " Blaschka Glass", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee17": "2004", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee18": "2004", "5727d9c43acd2414000dee19": " THE-QS World University Rankings", "5727da564b864d1900163e8e": "42", "5727da564b864d1900163e8f": " Harvard Crimson competes in 42 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I Ivy League", "5727da564b864d1900163e90": "42 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division I", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fc": "1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fd": "1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96fe": "1875", "5727db85ff5b5019007d96ff": " Walter Camp", "5727dc473acd2414000dee43": "MAC\",", "5727dc473acd2414000dee44": "MAC", "5727dc473acd2414000dee45": " three weight rooms, and a three", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163eba": "23 years", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebb": " June on the Thames River in eastern Connecticut", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebc": " Harvard-Yale Regatta", "5727dd2e4b864d1900163ebd": "2003", "5727de862ca10214002d9860": "Politics: U.N. Secretary", "5727de862ca10214002d9861": "Politics: U.N. Secretary", "5727de862ca10214002d9862": " Benazir Bhutto", "5727de862ca10214002d9863": " Michael Ignatieff; Pakistani Members of Provincial Assembly Murtaza Bhutto and Sanam Bhutto", "5727e0474b864d1900163f08": " W. E. B. Du Bois; philosopher Henry David Thoreau", "5727e0474b864d1900163f09": " W. E. B. Du Bois; philosopher Henry David Thoreau", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0a": " Yo Yo Ma; pianist and composer Charlie Albright; composer John Alden Carpenter", "5727e0474b864d1900163f0b": " W. E. B. Du Bois; philosopher Henry David Thoreau", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f34": "Har", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f35": " Alyssa A. Goodman, and legal scholars Alan Dershowitz", "5727e21e4b864d1900163f36": "Har", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954a": " Jacksonville", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954b": "853", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954c": " Duval County", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954d": " U.S. state of Florida", "5727c94bff5b5019007d954e": "1968", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9676": " St. Johns River", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9677": "25 miles (40 km)", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9678": " Wacca Pilatka", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d9679": " Wacca Pilatka", "5727cb4b2ca10214002d967a": " Andrew Jackson", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958e": "Jacksonvillians", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d958f": "Jacksonvillians", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9590": " two", "5727cd7dff5b5019007d9591": "Jacksonvillians", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bec": " thousands", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bed": " Mocama", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bee": " Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. On Black Hammock Island", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bef": " Ossachite", "57280e1aff5b5019007d9bf0": " Ossachite", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c26": " Jean Ribault chart", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c27": " Spanish", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c28": " Jean Ribault chart", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c29": " Fort Caroline, on the St. Johns near the main village of the Saturiwa. Philip II of Spain", "57280fd3ff5b5019007d9c2a": " Jean Ribault chart", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d06": " King's Road", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d07": " Spain", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d08": " cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d09": " Andrew Jackson", "572810ec2ca10214002d9d0a": "1763", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c76": " Florida", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c77": " Brick Church", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c78": " Fort Clinch", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c79": " Jacksonville was a key supply point for hogs and cattle", "5728128cff5b5019007d9c7a": "1862", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbc": " February 22", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbd": " Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbe": " President Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cbf": " President Grover Cleveland", "572815d9ff5b5019007d9cc0": " yellow fever", "5728170d3acd2414000df443": " Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire that started as a kitchen fire", "5728170d3acd2414000df444": "10,000", "5728170d3acd2414000df445": " mattress factory was quickly engulfed in flames and enabling the fire to spread rapidly", "5728170d3acd2414000df446": " Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire that started as a kitchen fire", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d44": " Norman Studios", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d45": " Norman Studios", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d46": " Norman Studios, remains in Arlington; It has been converted to the Jacksonville Silent Film Museum at Norman Studios", "57281940ff5b5019007d9d47": " Norman Studios", "57281ab63acd2414000df493": "Jacksonville, like most large cities in the United States, suffered from negative effects of rapid urban sprawl after World War II. The construction of highways", "57281ab63acd2414000df494": "75.8%", "57281ab63acd2414000df495": "Jacksonville", "57281ab63acd2414000df496": " Jacksonville began to increase spending to fund new public building projects in the boom that occurred after the war. Mayor W. Haydon Burns' Jacksonville Story", "57281ab63acd2414000df497": " Jacksonville began to increase spending", "57281bb84b864d190016449a": " Jacksonville begin annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base to improve services throughout the county. Voters outside the city limits rejected annexation", "57281bb84b864d190016449b": " unincorporated suburbs", "57281bb84b864d190016449c": " Jacksonville begin annexing outlying communities in order to create the needed tax base to improve services throughout the county. Voters outside the city limits rejected annexation", "57281bb84b864d190016449d": " sanitation", "57281d494b864d19001644be": " through the traditional old", "57281d494b864d19001644bf": "11", "57281d494b864d19001644c0": " corruption", "57281d494b864d19001644c1": " Jacksonville Consolid", "57281edd3acd2414000df4eb": " $2.25 billion", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ec": " Hans Tanzler", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ed": "Bold New City of the South\" at Florida 13 and Julington Creek. The Better Jacksonville Plan", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ee": "Bold New City of the South\" at Florida 13 and Julington Creek. The Better Jacksonville Plan", "57281edd3acd2414000df4ef": " $2.25 billion", "572820512ca10214002d9e72": "874.3 square miles", "572820512ca10214002d9e73": " St. Johns River divides the city. The Trout River", "572820512ca10214002d9e74": " St. Johns River", "572820512ca10214002d9e75": "86.66% (757.7 sq mi or 1,962 km2) is land and ; 13.34%", "572820512ca10214002d9e76": " St. Johns River divides the city. The Trout River", "572821274b864d1900164510": "42 floors. Other notable structures include the 37-story Wells Fargo Center", "572821274b864d1900164511": " Downtown Jacksonville", "572821274b864d1900164512": "42 floors", "572821274b864d1900164513": "42", "572821274b864d1900164514": "The tallest building in Downtown Jacksonville", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc4": " humid subtropical climate", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc5": " May through September", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc6": " Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months", "5728223cff5b5019007d9dc7": " Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months", "57282358ff5b5019007d9dde": "110 \u00b0F", "57282358ff5b5019007d9ddf": "64 to 92 \u00b0F", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de0": "110 \u00b0F", "57282358ff5b5019007d9de1": " July 11, 1879", "572824f13acd2414000df58f": " hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane", "572824f13acd2414000df590": " one direct hit from a hurricane since 1871; however, Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane conditions more than a dozen times", "572824f13acd2414000df591": " Jacksonville has experienced hurricane or near-hurricane", "572824f13acd2414000df592": "Jacksonville", "572824f13acd2414000df593": "1871", "572826634b864d19001645be": "Jacksonville", "572826634b864d19001645bf": "821,784", "572826634b864d19001645c0": "5,751 according to the 2000 United States Census. Jacksonville has Florida's largest", "572826634b864d19001645c1": "Jacksonville", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bb": "3.21", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bc": "11.8% were vacant. 23", "572827fc3acd2414000df5bd": "55", "572827fc3acd2414000df5be": "11.8% were vacant. 23", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ee": "40%", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97ef": "48", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f0": " $41 trillion", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f1": "10 million dollar", "5727e6cbff5b5019007d97f2": " nearly $41 trillion", "5729d36b1d04691400779607": "3.5 billion people. According to a Los Angeles Times analysis of the report, the wealthiest 1% owns 46%", "5729d36b1d04691400779608": "48 nations combined. The combined wealth of the \"10 million dollar millionaires\" grew to nearly $41 trillion", "5729d36b1d04691400779609": "48 nations combined. The combined wealth of the \"10 million dollar million", "5729d36b1d0469140077960a": "48 nations combined. The combined wealth of the \"10 million dollar million", "5729d36b1d0469140077960b": " take on debts).[unreliable source?", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc0": "60 percent\" of the Forbes richest 400", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc1": " PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth than half of all Americans combined.\" According to the New York Times", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc2": "substantial head start\". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies", "5727e8424b864d1900163fc3": "90 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779611": "90 percent", "5729d44b1d04691400779612": " the \"richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent\". Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779613": "90 percent\". Inherited wealth", "5729d44b1d04691400779614": "60 percent\" of the Forbes richest 400", "5729d44b1d04691400779615": " PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans \"have more wealth than half of all Americans combined.\" According to the New York Times", "5727e9523acd2414000def95": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def96": "worker, capitalist/business", "5727e9523acd2414000def97": "Neoclassical economics", "5727e9523acd2414000def98": "worker, capitalist/business", "5727e9523acd2414000def99": " by the marginal value", "5729d51d3f37b3190047858f": "worker, capitalist/business owner, landlord). Thus, in a market economy, inequality is a reflection of the productivity gap", "5729d51d3f37b31900478590": "worker, capitalist/business", "5729d51d3f37b31900478591": " differences in value added by different classifications of workers", "5729d51d3f37b31900478592": "Neoclassical economics", "5729d51d3f37b31900478593": "Neoclassical economics", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986e": "workers) under competitive pressure to reduce costs and maximize profits. Over the long-term, this trend increases the organic composition of capital", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d986f": " capitalist class", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9870": " Over", "5727ea45ff5b5019007d9871": "mechanization and automation) raises the productivity of each worker, resulting in a situation of relatively stagnant wages for the working class", "5729d609af94a219006aa661": " organic composition of capital, meaning that less workers are required in proportion to capital inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa662": " labor inputs", "5729d609af94a219006aa663": " Marxian analysis", "5729d609af94a219006aa664": " capitalist class", "5729d609af94a219006aa665": " capitalist class", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b6": "i.e. where professional and labor organizations cannot limit the number of workers", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b7": "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b8": "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality", "5727ec062ca10214002d99b9": " a function of market", "5727ec062ca10214002d99ba": " by the market. Wages work in the same way as prices for any other good. Thus, wages can be considered as a function of market", "5729d878af94a219006aa66b": "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality", "5729d878af94a219006aa66c": "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality", "5729d878af94a219006aa66d": "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality", "5729d878af94a219006aa66e": "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality", "5729d878af94a219006aa66f": "Markets, by themselves, even when they are stable, often lead to high levels of inequality", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df001": " dish-washing or customer service", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df002": "low supply),", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df003": " dish-washing or customer", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df004": " dish-washing or customer service", "5727ed2e3acd2414000df005": " Competition", "5729da0faf94a219006aa675": " dish-washing or customer service. Competition amongst workers tends to drive down wages due to the expendable nature", "5729da0faf94a219006aa676": " dish-washing or customer service", "5729da0faf94a219006aa677": " because competition between employers for employees will drive", "5729da0faf94a219006aa678": " jobs that require highly developed skills", "5729da0faf94a219006aa679": " dish-washing or customer service. Competition amongst workers tends to drive down wages due to the expendable nature", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ec": " necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ed": " necessity", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ee": " Necessity", "5727ee372ca10214002d99ef": " survival needs such as income for food and shelter (\"push\" motivations), whereas opportunity-based entrepreneurship is driven by achievement-oriented motivations (\"pull", "5727ee372ca10214002d99f0": " necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity", "5729de24af94a219006aa689": " necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity", "5729de24af94a219006aa68a": " necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity", "5729de24af94a219006aa68b": " necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter", "5729de24af94a219006aa68c": " necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity", "5729de24af94a219006aa68d": " necessity rather than opportunity. Necessity-based entrepreneurship is motivated by survival needs such as income for food and shelter (\"push\" motivations", "5727ef664b864d1900164060": " social spending", "5727ef664b864d1900164061": " social spending", "5727ef664b864d1900164062": " social spending can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board. The difference between the Gini index", "5727ef664b864d1900164063": " social spending can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board. The difference between the Gini index", "5729e02f1d04691400779639": " inequality", "5729e02f1d0469140077963a": " social spending", "5729e02f1d0469140077963b": " social spending can result in a more equal distribution of income across the board. The difference between the Gini index", "5729e02f1d0469140077963c": " social spending", "5727f05b4b864d1900164068": " variation", "5727f05b4b864d1900164069": " lack of education leads", "5727f05b4b864d190016406a": " high demand for workers, creates high wages for those with this education, however, increases in education first increase and then decrease growth", "5727f05b4b864d190016406b": " Education", "5727f05b4b864d190016406c": " lack of education leads", "5729e1101d04691400779641": " Education", "5729e1101d04691400779642": " education", "5729e1101d04691400779643": " lack of education leads", "5729e1101d04691400779644": " education", "5729e1101d04691400779645": " Education", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05b": " $105 billion", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05c": " $105 billion in growth to the country's economy over five years", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05d": " $105 billion", "5727f16c3acd2414000df05e": " S&P", "5729e1e36aef0514001550ba": "2014", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bb": "2014", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bc": " $105 billion", "5729e1e36aef0514001550bd": " $105 billion", "5729e1e36aef0514001550be": " recovery from the 2008-2009 recession", "5727f2714b864d1900164072": "1910\u20131940", "5727f2714b864d1900164073": " equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work. In fact, it differs from the present high school education", "5727f2714b864d1900164074": " equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work. In fact, it differs from the present high school education", "5727f2714b864d1900164075": " High school education", "5727f2714b864d1900164076": " Lagerlof and Galor stated that gender inequality", "5729e2b76aef0514001550ce": "1910\u20131940", "5729e2b76aef0514001550cf": " equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work. In fact, it differs from the present high school education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d0": " Lagerlof and Galor stated that gender inequality in education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d1": " High school education", "5729e2b76aef0514001550d2": " Lagerlof and Galor stated that gender inequality", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e7": "The U.S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of social exclusion", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e8": "John Schmitt and Ben Zipperer", "5727f6723acd2414000df0ea": " one of the causes", "5727f6723acd2414000df0e9": "John Schmitt and Ben Zipper", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69d": "The U.S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of social exclusion", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69e": " U.S.-style labor-market flexibility", "5729e38daf94a219006aa69f": "John Schmitt and Ben Zipper", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a0": " one of the causes", "5729e38daf94a219006aa6a1": "The U.S. economic and social model is associated with substantial levels of social exclusion, including high levels of income inequality, high relative and absolute poverty", "5727f7523acd2414000df10d": "Sociologist Jake", "5727f7523acd2414000df10e": " more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", "5727f7523acd2414000df10f": "Sociologist Jake", "5727f7523acd2414000df110": "Sociologist Jake", "5729e4291d04691400779651": " high inequality goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice-vers", "5729e4291d04691400779652": " high inequality goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice-vers", "5729e4291d04691400779653": " weak labor movements and vice-vers", "5729e4291d04691400779654": " expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization", "5729e4291d04691400779655": " weak labor movements and vice-vers", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a18": " poor countries, the low-skilled workers", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a19": " poor countries, the low-skilled workers", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1a": "Trade liberalization", "5727fc37ff5b5019007d9a1b": " increasing income inequality", "5729f1283f37b319004785d7": " global to a domestic scale", "5729f1283f37b319004785d8": "5-15", "5729f1283f37b319004785d9": " Empirical economists Max Roser and Jesus Crespo-Cuares", "5729f1283f37b319004785da": " poor countries and the fragmentation of the means of production, resulting in low skilled jobs", "5729f1283f37b319004785db": " increasing income inequality. They empirically confirm the predictions of the Stolper\u2013Samuelson theorem", "5727fd123acd2414000df185": "53% in Botswana to -40%", "5727fd123acd2414000df186": " Gender pay gap", "5727fd123acd2414000df187": " Gender pay gap", "5727fd123acd2414000df188": " Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e7": " gap", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e8": " Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785e9": " Gender pay gap", "5729f1c13f37b319004785ea": " Thomas Sowell", "5729f1c13f37b319004785eb": " marriage or pregnancy", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ab": " Simon Kuznets argued that levels of economic inequality", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ac": " social welfare programs, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ad": " levels of economic inequality", "5727ff083acd2414000df1ae": " economic inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6dd": " stages of development. According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have relatively equal distributions", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6de": " lower levels of inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6df": " stages of development. According to Kuznets, countries with low levels of development have relatively equal distributions", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e0": " lower levels of inequality", "5729f24baf94a219006aa6e1": " levels of economic inequality", "57287b322ca10214002da3be": "1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3bf": "1910 to 1940", "57287b322ca10214002da3c0": " High school", "57287b322ca10214002da3c1": " High school", "5729f3883f37b319004785f1": "Plotting the relationship between level of income and inequality, Kuznets", "5729f3883f37b319004785f2": " Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f3": " Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f4": " Kuznets curve", "5729f3883f37b319004785f5": " Kuznets curve", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26c": " persistence of inequality within society. Thomas Piketty", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26d": " persistence of inequality", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26e": " Over time, wealth condensation can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society. Thomas Piketty", "57287c2bff5b5019007da26f": " Over time, wealth condensation can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality within society. Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785fb": " persistence of inequality", "5729f4273f37b319004785fc": " Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785fd": " Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785fe": " Thomas Piketty", "5729f4273f37b319004785ff": " leverage the accumulation of wealth, thus are the beneficiaries of the new wealth. Over time, wealth condensation can significantly contribute to the persistence of inequality", "5729f4e46aef051400155157": " rent-seeking", "5729f4e46aef051400155156": " rent-seeking", "5729f4e46aef051400155158": " rent-seeking", "5729f4e46aef051400155159": " rent-seeking", "5729f4e46aef05140015515a": " non-market force", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6ef": " high-end consumption", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f0": " high-end consumption", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f1": "Effects of inequality researchers have found include higher rates of health and social problems, and lower rates of social goods", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f2": "Effects of inequality researchers have found include higher rates of health and social problems", "5729f60caf94a219006aa6f3": " economic utility in society from resources devoted on high-end consumption", "572a05eb3f37b31900478653": "2013", "572a05eb3f37b31900478654": "2013 Economics", "572a05eb3f37b31900478655": "2013 Economics Nobel prize winner", "572a05eb3f37b31900478656": " Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources", "572a05eb3f37b31900478657": " Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistrib", "572a06866aef0514001551be": " statistics from 23 developed countries and the 50 states of the US, they found social/health problems lower in countries like Japan and Finland", "572a06866aef0514001551bf": " higher inequality", "572a06866aef0514001551c0": " higher inequality", "572a06866aef0514001551c2": "50", "572a06866aef0514001551c1": " inequality", "572a070c6aef0514001551c8": " full stomachs", "572a070c6aef0514001551c9": " middle income countries", "572a070c6aef0514001551ca": " Life expectancy in Sweden", "572a070c6aef0514001551cb": " Life expectancy", "572a070c6aef0514001551cc": " slowed down among middle income countries", "572a07a86aef0514001551d2": " health in developed countries is income inequality. Creating an index of \"Health and Social Problems", "572a07a86aef0514001551d3": " UNICEF index", "572a07a86aef0514001551d4": " nine", "572a07a86aef0514001551d5": " US with larger income inequalities. Other studies have confirmed this relationship. The UNICEF index of \"child well-being in rich countries", "572a07a86aef0514001551d6": "more common in countries with bigger income inequalities\",", "572a0a391d046914007796df": "Crime rate has also been shown to be correlated with inequality", "572a0a391d046914007796e0": "Crime rate", "572a0a391d046914007796e1": " over fifty", "572a0a391d046914007796e3": " tenfold", "572a0a391d046914007796e2": " over fifty", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa765": " homeless family of five, is an example of reduced \"distributive efficiency", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa766": " luxury items providing relatively less utility", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa767": "distributive efficiency", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa768": " luxury items providing relatively less utility to that person. Thus, the marginal utility of wealth per person (\"the additional dollar", "572a0bafaf94a219006aa769": " homeless family of five, is an example of reduced \"distributive efficiency", "572a0c541d046914007796f3": "The Hidden Prosperity of the Poor\" by journalist Thomas B. Edsall. Other studies have not found consumption inequality less dramatic than household income inequality", "572a0c541d046914007796f4": "the weight of the evidence shows that the run-up in consumption inequality", "572a0c541d046914007796f5": "2001", "572a0c541d046914007796f6": " Thomas B. Eds", "572a0c541d046914007796f7": "The Hidden Prosperity", "572a0d21af94a219006aa783": "fault lines", "572a0d21af94a219006aa784": " American economy a tendency to go \"from bubble to bubble", "572a0d21af94a219006aa785": "fault lines", "572a0d21af94a219006aa786": " bubble to bubble", "572a0d21af94a219006aa787": "Central Banking economist", "572a0e0e1d04691400779707": " economic growth", "572a0e0e1d04691400779708": "20 percent", "572a0e0e1d04691400779709": "20 percent", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970a": "20 percent", "572a0e0e1d0469140077970b": " High levels of inequality prevent not just economic prosperity, but also the quality of a country's institutions and high levels of education. According to IMF staff", "572a0ecb1d04691400779717": " social dislocation, unrest and conflict. Policies aiming at controlling unemployment and in particular at reducing its inequality-associated effects support economic growth", "572a0ecb1d04691400779718": " Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures", "572a0ecb1d04691400779719": " David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms economic growth", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971a": " it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistrib", "572a0ecb1d0469140077971b": " David", "572a1046af94a219006aa78d": " greater proportion of their income than the poor", "572a1046af94a219006aa78e": " aggregate", "572a1046af94a219006aa78f": " Economist Branko Milan", "572a1046af94a219006aa790": " scarcer than machines, widespread education has become the secret to growth.\"", "572a1046af94a219006aa791": " Economist Branko Milan", "572a11663f37b31900478693": "1993", "572a11663f37b31900478694": " Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with the credit market imperfection approach", "572a11663f37b31900478695": " inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with the credit market imperfection approach, inequality is associated with lower level of human capital formation", "572a11663f37b31900478696": " Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with the credit market imperfection approach", "572a11663f37b31900478697": " Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with the credit market imperfection", "572a12381d0469140077972d": " positive impact of inequality", "572a12381d0469140077972e": " no correlations", "572a12381d0469140077972c": "little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment", "572a12381d0469140077972b": " no correlations", "572a12381d0469140077972f": "1999", "572a13841d0469140077973b": " evidence confirming the Kuznets curve", "572a13841d0469140077973c": " Piketty argues that the \"magical\" Kuznets curve hypothesis", "572a13841d0469140077973d": " Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973e": " evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty", "572a13841d0469140077973f": " Piketty argues that the \"magical\" Kuznets", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7df": "1970s", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e0": " high inequality have \"succeeded", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e1": " inequality may have a positive effect", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e2": " several years", "572a18a4af94a219006aa7e3": " inequality, were thought to offset reduced consumer demand. A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality", "572a1a5c6aef051400155284": " poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", "572a1a5c6aef051400155285": " poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", "572a1a5c6aef051400155286": " economic growth can potentially play in human development, poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals", "572a1a5c6aef051400155287": "2%", "572a1a5c6aef051400155288": "2%", "572a1ba46aef05140015528e": " Reasons for extra-legal ownership include excessive bureaucratic red tape", "572a1ba46aef05140015528f": " through various associations and other arrangements", "572a1ba46aef051400155290": " excessive bureaucratic red tape", "572a1ba46aef051400155291": "14", "572a1ba46aef051400155292": " excessive bureaucratic red tape", "572a1c943f37b319004786e1": " keep pace", "572a1c943f37b319004786e2": "148). Through gentrification of older neighbourhoods", "572a1c943f37b319004786e3": " housing and left lower income families", "572a1c943f37b319004786e4": "David Rodda, Jacob Vigdor, and Janna Matlack", "572a1c943f37b319004786e5": " David Rodda", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f5": " middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f6": " lower incomes are those who are worse equipped to manage their finances. Secondly, aspirational consumption describes the process of middle income earners", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f7": " middle income earners", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f8": " lower incomes are those who are worse equipped to manage their finances. Secondly, aspirational consumption describes the process of middle income earners", "572a1dbb3f37b319004786f9": " manage their finances. Secondly, aspirational consumption describes the process of middle income earners aspiring to achieve the standards of living enjoyed by their wealthier counterparts", "572a1f086aef0514001552c0": "1/3", "572a1f086aef0514001552c1": " Environmental Kuznets Curve", "572a1f086aef0514001552c2": " poor people in the society become more wealthy, it increases their yearly carbon emissions", "572a1f086aef0514001552c3": " by the Environmental Kuznets Curve", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d0": " wage or salary", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d1": " wage or salary", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d2": "Socialists attribute the vast disparities in wealth to the private ownership of the means of production by a class", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d3": " a wage or salary", "572a1fe16aef0514001552d4": " wage or salary", "572a20816aef0514001552e4": "Robert Noz", "572a20816aef0514001552e5": " free from force. However, Nozick", "572a20816aef0514001552e6": " inequalities themselves. John Rawls argued in A Theory of Justice", "572a20816aef0514001552e7": " free from force", "572a20816aef0514001552e8": " Nozick recognized that some modern economic inequalities were the result of forceful taking of property", "572a213e6aef0514001552ee": "capability deprivation\u201d. Unlike neoliberalism", "572a213e6aef0514001552ef": "capability deprivation\u201d. Unlike neoliberalism", "572a213e6aef0514001552f0": " the human development approach \u2013 looks at income inequality and poverty as form of \u201ccapability deprivation\u201d. Unlike neoliberalism", "572a213e6aef0514001552f1": "capability", "572a213e6aef0514001552f2": " the human development approach \u2013 looks at income inequality and poverty as form of \u201ccapability deprivation\u201d. Unlike neoliberalism", "572a2224af94a219006aa823": " better relevant income", "572a2224af94a219006aa824": " fear of their lives. As a result, income and economic inequality", "572a2224af94a219006aa825": " gender roles", "572a2224af94a219006aa826": " fear of their lives. As a result, income and economic inequality increases, and it becomes more difficult to reduce the gap", "572a2224af94a219006aa827": " better relevant income", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e2": " companions, the Doctor combats", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e3": "1963", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e4": "Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e5": " adventures of the Doctor, a Time Lord\u2014a space and time-travelling humanoid", "5727efabff5b5019007d98e6": " British science-fiction television", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f2": "1963 to 1989. There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f3": " Russell T Davies", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f4": " British television", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f5": " Russell T Davies", "5727f0b1ff5b5019007d98f6": " Russell T Davies", "5727f18c3acd2414000df063": " one", "5727f18c3acd2414000df064": " Peter Capaldi took on the role after Matt Smith", "5727f18c3acd2414000df065": " Matt Smith", "5727f18c3acd2414000df066": "2013", "5727f18c3acd2414000df067": " Matt Smith", "5727f2583acd2414000df087": " TARDIS", "5727f2583acd2414000df088": " Gallifrey in a stolen Mark I", "5727f2583acd2414000df089": "Doctor Who follows the adventures", "5727f2583acd2414000df08a": "The Doctor\". He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen Mark I Type 40 TARDIS \u2013 \"Time and Relative Dimension", "5727f2583acd2414000df08b": " a blue British Police", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a5": " only his ingenuity and minimal resources", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a6": " pique his curiosity as he tries to prevent evil forces from harming innocent people or changing history, using only his ingenuity and minimal resources", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a7": " pique his curiosity as he tries to prevent evil forces from harming innocent people or changing history, using only his ingenuity and minimal resources", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a8": " fascination with planet Earth", "5727f3193acd2414000df0a9": " fascination with planet Earth", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a32": "31 July 1963", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a33": " Donald Wilson and staff writer C. E. Webber. Writer Anthony Coburn, story editor David Whitaker and initial producer Verity Lambert", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a34": " Donald [Wilson", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a35": " Donald Wilson and staff writer C. E. Webber. Writer Anthony Coburn, story editor David Whitaker and initial producer Verity Lambert", "5727f44c2ca10214002d9a36": "25 minutes", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a44": "26", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a45": " Jonathan Powell", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a46": " More Than 30 Years in the TARDIS)", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a47": " BBC 1. Falling viewing numbers, a decline in the public perception", "5727f5622ca10214002d9a48": " Jonathan Powell", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9956": " Doctor Who television film, broadcast on the Fox Network", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9957": " Philip Seg", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9958": " Philip Segal, a British expatriate who worked for Columbia Pictures", "5727f678ff5b5019007d9959": "9.1 million", "5727f678ff5b5019007d995a": " United States", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9960": " David Tenn", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9961": "2009", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9963": "2006", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9964": " David Tennant", "5727f746ff5b5019007d9962": " Chris Chibnall", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7c": "1963\u20131989 series[note 2] and the 1996 telefilm. This is similar to the 1988", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7d": " Mission Impossible", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7e": "2005", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a7f": " Battlestar Galactica and Bionic Woman", "5727f8342ca10214002d9a80": " Mission Impossible", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164160": "30 November 1963", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164161": " ten minutes", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164162": " President John F. Kennedy", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164163": " BBC believed that many viewers had missed this introduction to a new series due to the coverage of the assassination, as well as a series of power blackouts", "5727fc7f4b864d1900164164": " BBC believed that many viewers had missed this introduction to a new series due to the coverage of the assassination, as well as a series of power blackouts", "5727fdb94b864d190016417c": " Digital Spy deemed the series the \"scariest TV", "5727fdb94b864d190016417d": " Doctor Who", "5727fdb94b864d190016417e": "Behind the Sofa", "5727fdb94b864d190016417f": "Behind the Sofa\".", "5727fdb94b864d1900164180": " eerie, novel, and frightening", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a1": " Philip Howard", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a2": "3", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a3": " Philip Howard maintained that, \"to compare the violence of Dr Who, sired by a horse-laugh out of a nightmare", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a4": " nightmare", "5727fed73acd2414000df1a5": " nightmare", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8c": " BBC script", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8d": " TARDIS' blue", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8e": " BBC script", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a8f": " BBC scriptwriter Anthony Coburn", "5727ffb5ff5b5019007d9a90": "1996", "572800b03acd2414000df1f1": " four to six parts in earlier years and three", "572800b03acd2414000df1f2": "23 November 1963 until 6 December 1989", "572800b03acd2414000df1f3": " four to six", "572800b03acd2414000df1f4": " The Daleks' Master Plan", "572800b03acd2414000df1f5": " The Daleks' Master Plan", "572801823acd2414000df1fb": "2005", "572801823acd2414000df1fc": "13 45-minute, self-contained episodes (60 minutes", "572801823acd2414000df1fd": "2005", "572801823acd2414000df1fe": "-contained episodes (60 minutes", "572801823acd2414000df1ff": "2005", "5728023a4b864d19001641f4": " eight Christmas specials (most of 60 minutes' duration, one of 72", "5728023a4b864d19001641f5": " Dimensions in Time", "5728023a4b864d19001641f6": " eight Christmas specials (most of 60 minutes' duration, one of 72", "5728023a4b864d19001641f7": " eight minutes", "5728023a4b864d19001641f8": "1963", "572803493acd2414000df229": " William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", "572803493acd2414000df22a": " six", "572803493acd2414000df22b": " William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", "572803493acd2414000df22c": "Between about 1964 and 1973", "572803493acd2414000df22d": "Between about 1964", "572804522ca10214002d9b94": " various means. Early colour videotape recordings made off-air by fans have also been retrieved", "572804522ca10214002d9b95": " private individuals", "572804522ca10214002d9b97": "Mission to the Unknown\" and The Massacre", "572804522ca10214002d9b96": " Marco Polo", "572804522ca10214002d9b98": " Marco Polo", "572805363acd2414000df26d": " Theta", "572805363acd2414000df26e": " Theta", "572805363acd2414000df26f": "2013", "572805363acd2414000df270": " Theta-Sigma, in collaboration with Big Finish", "572805363acd2414000df271": " May 2013", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b42": "Producers introduced the concept of regeneration to permit the recasting of the main character. This was first prompted by original star William Hartnell's poor", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b43": " the Doctor's third", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b44": "asting of the main character. This was first prompted by original star William Hartnell", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b45": "asting of the main character. This was first prompted by original star William Hartnell", "57280757ff5b5019007d9b46": " Doctor's third", "572808bf4b864d190016429a": "13", "572808bf4b864d190016429b": "13", "572808bf4b864d190016429c": " public consciousness", "572808bf4b864d190016429d": " Mawdryn Undead", "572808bf4b864d190016429e": "1996", "572809ab4b864d19001642ae": " John Hurt", "572809ab4b864d19001642af": " Michael Jayston", "572809ab4b864d19001642b0": "The Day", "572809ab4b864d19001642b1": " Michael Jayston", "572809ab4b864d19001642b2": "The Day", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c66": " Colin Baker. In 2007, Peter Davison returned in the Children in Need short \"Time Crash\" alongside David Tenn", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c67": " William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c68": " William Hartnell and Patrick Troughton", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c6a": " Day", "57280b2b2ca10214002d9c69": " David Tenn", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca8": " Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280cac2ca10214002d9ca9": " Zagreus", "57280cac2ca10214002d9caa": " Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cab": " Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy", "57280cac2ca10214002d9cac": "2003", "57280e323acd2414000df349": " fifth", "57280e323acd2414000df34a": " fifth", "57280e323acd2414000df34b": " Brain of Morbius", "57280e323acd2414000df34c": " Brain of Morbius", "57280e323acd2414000df34d": "1983", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35b": " An Unearth", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35c": " An Unearth", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35d": "1967", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35e": "Fear Her\" (2006) and \"The Doctor's Daughter", "57280f0d3acd2414000df35f": "The Empty Child", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c30": " Doctor of his \"moral duty\". The Doctor's first companions seen on screen were his granddaughter Susan Foreman", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c31": " Doctor of his \"moral duty\".", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c33": " Doctor of his \"moral duty\". The Doctor's first companions seen on screen were his granddaughter Susan Foreman", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c34": " Doctor of his \"moral duty\".", "5728103eff5b5019007d9c32": "moral duty\". The Doctor's first companions seen on screen were his granddaughter Susan Foreman (Carole Ann Ford) and her teachers Barbara Wright", "572811434b864d190016438c": " anew with each companion and she undergoes more change than the Doctor. The primary companions of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors were Rose Tyler", "572811434b864d190016438d": " Mickey Smith (Noel Clarke) and Jack Harkness", "572811434b864d190016438e": " Mickey Smith (Noel Clarke) and Jack Harkness", "572811434b864d190016438f": " Mickey Smith", "572811434b864d1900164390": " Mickey Smith", "572812142ca10214002d9d2a": " Russell T Davies", "572812142ca10214002d9d2b": "3, the Sontarans and Davros in series 4, and the Time Lords (Rassilon) in the 2009", "572812142ca10214002d9d2c": " Davies' successor, Steven Moffat, has continued the trend by reviving the Silurians", "572812142ca10214002d9d2d": " Series 7, and Zygons", "572812142ca10214002d9d2e": " Russell T Davies", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c80": " mutated", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c81": "exterminate\" all non-Dalek beings", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c82": " Doctor Who's oldest villains. The Daleks are Kaleds from the planet Skaro", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c83": " Kaleds from the planet Skaro", "572812eaff5b5019007d9c84": " Daleks are Kaleds from the planet Skaro", "572813b52ca10214002d9d68": " Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers", "572813b52ca10214002d9d69": " Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6a": " Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6b": " Time Lord as well and able to regenerate; the first of these actors was Roger Delgado", "572813b52ca10214002d9d6c": " Peter Pratt and Geoffrey Beevers", "572814882ca10214002d9d72": " Derek Jacobi", "572814882ca10214002d9d73": " Derek Jacobi provided the character's re-introduction in the 2007 episode \"Utopia\".", "572814882ca10214002d9d74": "2005", "572814882ca10214002d9d75": "short for Mistress, the feminine equivalent of \"Master\"). This incarnation is played by Michelle Gomez", "572814882ca10214002d9d76": " Master had become a female incarnation", "572816213acd2414000df429": " Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire", "572816213acd2414000df42a": " Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop", "572816213acd2414000df42b": " Ron Grainer and realised by Delia Derbyshire of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop", "572816213acd2414000df42c": "1979", "572816213acd2414000df42d": " musique concr\u00e8te", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db0": " Peter Howell", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db1": " Peter Howell", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db2": " Time Lord in season", "5728177f2ca10214002d9db3": " Peter Howell", "572817802ca10214002d9db4": " Time Lord in season", "5728185f3acd2414000df45b": "Voyage", "5728185f3acd2414000df45d": " Christmas special episode, \"Voyage of the Dam", "5728185f3acd2414000df45c": " Gold's 2010 arrangement had its debut over the opening titles of the 2012 Christmas", "5728185f3acd2414000df45e": " over the opening titles of the 2012 Christmas", "5728185f3acd2414000df45f": " Gold, was introduced in the 2007 Christmas", "572819864b864d190016447e": " Jon Pertwee", "572819864b864d190016447f": " Jon Pertwee", "572819864b864d1900164480": " over the years", "572819864b864d1900164481": " Jon Pertwee", "572819864b864d1900164482": " Blam Blam", "57281a952ca10214002d9dea": " Jon Pertwee", "57281a952ca10214002d9deb": " Jon Pertwee", "57281a952ca10214002d9dec": " Jon Pertwee", "57281a952ca10214002d9ded": " Jon Pertwee/Tom Baker", "57281a952ca10214002d9dee": " The Talons", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfa": " Ben Foster, as well as a selection of classics based on the theme of space and time. The event was presented by Freema Agyeman", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfb": " David Tenn", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfc": "19 November 2006", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfd": " Freema Agyeman", "57281bbc2ca10214002d9dfe": " Ben Foster, as well as a selection of classics based on the theme of space and time. The event was presented by Freema Agyeman", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1e": "Six", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e1f": " third and fourth", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e20": " third and fourth", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e21": "A Christmas", "57281cb22ca10214002d9e22": "4 October 2010", "57281f203acd2414000df4f5": "DW\" TARDIS insignia", "57281f203acd2414000df4f6": " Eleventh Doctor had the \"DW\" TARDIS insignia", "57281f203acd2414000df4f7": "DW\" TARDIS insignia", "57281f203acd2414000df4f8": " Fifth", "57281f203acd2414000df4f9": " Fifth", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9c": " BBC's mainstream BBC", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9d": " BBC Three", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9e": "1964\u20131965", "57282036ff5b5019007d9d9f": "1964\u20131965", "57282036ff5b5019007d9da0": "Dalekmania", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db2": "1985", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db3": " five million", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db4": " BBC Board of Control", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db5": " poor", "572821ceff5b5019007d9db6": "1985", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd4": " BBC One", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd5": " premi", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd6": " New Zealand", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd7": " four", "5728231fff5b5019007d9dd8": "12 May 1996", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed6": " Australian Broadcasting Corporation", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed7": " ABC1, with repeats on ABC2. The ABC also provided partial funding", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed8": " Australian Broadcasting Corporation", "5728245b2ca10214002d9ed9": " SF", "5728245b2ca10214002d9eda": " Australian Broadcasting Corporation", "572825714b864d1900164590": "1976", "572825714b864d1900164591": "several years late) through to series 24 in 1991. From 1979 to 1981, TVO airings", "572825714b864d1900164592": " TVO airings were bookended by science-fiction writer Judith Merr", "572825714b864d1900164593": " Weng", "572825714b864d1900164594": "TVO", "572826762ca10214002d9f2c": " Christopher Eccleston", "572826762ca10214002d9f2d": " Christopher Eccleston", "572826762ca10214002d9f2e": " Newfoundland", "572826762ca10214002d9f2f": "26 December 2005", "572826762ca10214002d9f30": " Christopher Eccleston", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e26": " VHS, and BBC Worldwide", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e27": " VHS, and BBC Worldwide", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e28": " VHS, and BBC Worldwide", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e29": " VHS, and BBC Worldwide", "5728274cff5b5019007d9e2a": "2005", "572828383acd2414000df5c3": " Jon Pertwee", "572828383acd2414000df5c4": " Jon Pertwee", "572828383acd2414000df5c5": " Jon Pertwee", "572828383acd2414000df5c6": " Jon Pertwee", "572828383acd2414000df5c7": " Jon Pertwee and Colin Baker", "572829532ca10214002d9fa2": " Torchwood", "572829532ca10214002d9fa3": "22 October 2006", "572829532ca10214002d9fa4": "22 October 2006", "572829532ca10214002d9fa5": " Torchwood", "572829532ca10214002d9fa6": " Torchwood", "57282f204b864d190016468a": " David Tennant", "57282f204b864d190016468b": "24 September 2007", "57282f204b864d190016468c": "2009", "57282f204b864d190016468d": "24 September 2007", "57282f204b864d190016468e": " Matt Smith", "5728303e4b864d19001646aa": " Dimensions in Time", "5728303e4b864d19001646ab": " Dimensions in Time", "5728303e4b864d19001646ac": " Dimensions in Time", "5728303e4b864d19001646ad": " crossover with the soap opera EastEnders, the action taking place in the latter's Albert Square", "5728303e4b864d19001646ae": " Dimensions in Time", "572831512ca10214002da04a": " Comic Relief", "572831512ca10214002da04b": " four", "572831512ca10214002da04c": " Steven Moffat", "572831512ca10214002da04d": "Rowan Atkinson) encounters both the Master (Jonathan Pryce) and the Daleks", "572831512ca10214002da04e": "Rowan Atkinson) encounters both the Master (Jonathan Pryce) and the Daleks", "572833662ca10214002da086": " Star Trek: The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone", "572833662ca10214002da087": " Star Trek", "572833662ca10214002da088": " Star Trek: The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone", "572833662ca10214002da089": " Star Trek: The Next Generation (\"The Neutral Zone", "572833662ca10214002da08a": " Star Trek", "572834524b864d1900164716": " abridged reading", "572834524b864d1900164717": "21-minute narrated abridgement of the First Doctor television story The Chase released in 1966. Ten years", "572834524b864d1900164718": " abridged reading", "572834524b864d1900164719": "1966", "572834524b864d190016471a": " Doctor Who and the Pescatons featuring the Fourth Doctor. The first commercially available audiobook was an abridged reading", "572835854b864d190016472e": " Tom Baker", "572835854b864d190016472f": " Big Finish", "572835854b864d1900164730": " Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor began appearing for Big Finish", "572835854b864d1900164731": "1999", "572835854b864d1900164732": "1999", "572836732ca10214002da0dc": "2005", "572836732ca10214002da0dd": "1979", "572836732ca10214002da0de": " through to the present day", "572836732ca10214002da0df": " Panini", "572836732ca10214002da0e0": " Panini", "572837402ca10214002da0f4": "1960s", "572837402ca10214002da0f5": " Doctor Who", "572837402ca10214002da0f6": " BBC Television", "572837402ca10214002da0f7": " BBC Television", "572838323acd2414000df737": "2006", "572838323acd2414000df738": "2011", "572838323acd2414000df739": "2011", "572838323acd2414000df73a": " one of Britain's finest television programmes, winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award", "572838323acd2414000df73b": " winning the 2006 British Academy Television Award", "57283a392ca10214002da118": " The programme is listed in Guinness World Records", "57283a392ca10214002da119": " Peabody Awards honoured Doctor Who", "57283a392ca10214002da11a": " Guinness World Records as the longest-running science fiction", "57283a392ca10214002da11b": "2013", "57283a392ca10214002da11c": " Peabody Awards", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa4": " SFX magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa5": " SFX magazine of \"The Greatest UK Science Fiction", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa6": " Writers' Guild of Great Britain award", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa7": "The Greatest UK Science Fiction", "57283b91ff5b5019007d9fa8": " Writers' Guild of Great Britain award", "57283ce72ca10214002da14c": " Mind Award", "57283ce72ca10214002da14d": " five", "57283ce72ca10214002da14e": " five", "57283ce72ca10214002da14f": "2009", "57283ce72ca10214002da150": " Mind Award", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc6": " six", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc7": " six", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc8": " six", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fc9": "The Doctor's Wife\" (2012). Doctor Who star Matt Smith", "57283dbeff5b5019007d9fca": "The Empty Child", "57283e652ca10214002da166": " Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead", "57283e652ca10214002da167": " comedians", "57283e652ca10214002da168": " sponge at it) and Lenny Henry. Jon Culshaw frequently impersonates the Fourth Doctor in the BBC Dead", "57283e652ca10214002da16a": " comedians", "57283e652ca10214002da169": " comedians including Spike Milligan", "57283c464b864d19001647c8": " University of Chicago", "57283c464b864d19001647c9": "1890", "57283c464b864d19001647ca": " four academic research divisions and seven", "57283c464b864d19001647cb": " four academic research divisions and seven", "57283c464b864d19001647cc": " four academic research divisions and seven", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbc": " political science", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbd": " Chicago's physics department helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the university's Stagg Field", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbe": " Fermilab and Argonne National Laboratory, as well as the Marine Biological Laboratory. The university is also home to the University of Chicago Press", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fbf": " University of Chicago", "57283db6ff5b5019007d9fc0": "2020", "57283f014b864d19001647e8": " University of Chicago", "57283f014b864d19001647e9": " University of Chicago", "57283f014b864d19001647ea": " William Rainey Harper", "57283f014b864d19001647eb": "1890", "57283f014b864d19001647ec": "1890", "57284142ff5b5019007da00a": " John D. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field", "57284142ff5b5019007da00b": " John D. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field", "57284142ff5b5019007da00c": " University of Chicago", "57284142ff5b5019007da00d": " $100,000", "57284142ff5b5019007da00e": " financed by donations from wealthy Chicago", "572843304b864d1900164848": " free tuition at the University of Chicago", "572843304b864d1900164849": "1896", "572843304b864d190016484a": " free tuition at the University of Chicago", "572843304b864d190016484b": " Des Moines College, Kalamazoo College", "572843304b864d190016484c": "1896", "57284456ff5b5019007da05c": " Robert Maynard Hutchins", "57284456ff5b5019007da060": " University of Chicago", "57284456ff5b5019007da05f": " merge the University of Chicago", "57284456ff5b5019007da05e": " four", "57284456ff5b5019007da05d": "1929", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a8": "1950", "57284618ff5b5019007da0a9": " to the University of Chicago", "57284618ff5b5019007da0aa": "1950s", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ab": " University of Chicago", "57284618ff5b5019007da0ac": " University of Chicago", "572847ff3acd2414000df869": "1967", "572847ff3acd2414000df86a": " South Africa", "572847ff3acd2414000df86b": "1962", "572847ff3acd2414000df86c": " two", "572847ff3acd2414000df86d": " South Africa", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f2": " September 2015", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f3": " Milton Friedman Institute", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f4": " $200 million", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f5": " Milton Friedman Institute", "572849b4ff5b5019007da0f6": " David G. Booth", "57284b904b864d19001648e2": " Victorian Gothic and Collegiate Gothic", "57284b904b864d19001648e3": " two", "57284b904b864d19001648e4": " Henry Ives", "57284b904b864d19001648e5": " Victorian Gothic and Collegiate Gothic", "57284b904b864d19001648e6": " Victorian Gothic and Collegiate Gothic", "57284d484b864d1900164900": "1940s", "57284d484b864d1900164901": " Edward Durrell Stone", "57284d484b864d1900164902": " Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the university's School of Social Service Administration", "57284d484b864d1900164903": " Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the university's School of Social Service Administration", "57284d484b864d1900164904": "1955", "57284e9fff5b5019007da150": " University of Chicago", "57284e9fff5b5019007da151": " Seine in Paris", "57284e9fff5b5019007da152": "2014, and a center in Hong Kong which opened in 2015", "57284e9fff5b5019007da153": " Seine in Paris", "57284e9fff5b5019007da154": "2014", "5728501aff5b5019007da166": " Daniel Diermeier", "5728501aff5b5019007da167": "50", "5728501aff5b5019007da168": "50", "5728501aff5b5019007da169": " Board of Trustees", "5728501aff5b5019007da16a": " Daniel Diermeier", "5728510f4b864d1900164936": " The Higher Learning Commission", "5728510f4b864d1900164937": " four divisions of graduate research and seven", "5728510f4b864d1900164938": " seven", "57285213ff5b5019007da180": " five", "57285213ff5b5019007da181": " five", "57285213ff5b5019007da182": " five", "57285213ff5b5019007da183": " New Collegiate Division", "572853e8ff5b5019007da188": " Common Core", "572853e8ff5b5019007da189": "15", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18a": " Common Core", "572853e8ff5b5019007da18b": " Common Core", "572855973acd2414000df925": " Council on Advanced Studies", "572855973acd2414000df926": " Council on Advanced Studies", "572855973acd2414000df927": " four", "572855973acd2414000df928": " University of Chicago", "572855973acd2414000df929": " Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences", "572856beff5b5019007da190": " six libraries that contain a total of 9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da191": " six libraries that contain a total of 9.8 million", "572856beff5b5019007da192": " John Crerar Library", "572856beff5b5019007da193": "2011", "572856beff5b5019007da194": " six libraries that contain a total of 9.8 million", "57285841ff5b5019007da19a": "113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19b": "113", "57285841ff5b5019007da19c": " Oriental Institute\u2014a museum and research center for Near Eastern studies owned and operated by the university\u2014and a number of National Resource Centers", "57285841ff5b5019007da19d": " Oriental Institute\u2014a museum and research center for Near Eastern studies", "57285841ff5b5019007da19e": " Sunspot, New Mexico. Faculty and students at the adjacent Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago collaborate", "57286010ff5b5019007da1ca": " Milton Friedman and other economists. The university's sociology department was the first independent sociology department in the United States and gave birth to the Chicago school", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cb": " REM sleep", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cc": " REM sleep", "57286010ff5b5019007da1cd": "1947", "572861cc4b864d190016495e": "1933", "572861cc4b864d190016495f": "1933", "572861cc4b864d1900164960": "1959. The Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts opened in October 2012", "572861cc4b864d1900164961": "1959. The Reva and David Logan Center for the Arts opened in October 2012", "572861cc4b864d1900164962": " five", "572863363acd2414000df985": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df986": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df987": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df988": "5,792", "572863363acd2414000df989": " Admissions", "572864542ca10214002da2de": " University Athletic Association", "572864542ca10214002da2df": " University Athletic Association", "572864542ca10214002da2e0": " Sweet Sixteen", "572864542ca10214002da2e1": " Maroons compete in the NCAA's Division III as members of the University Athletic Association", "572864542ca10214002da2e2": " to withdraw from the conference in 1946 after University President Robert Maynard Hutchins de-emphasized varsity", "5728659f4b864d190016498a": "400", "5728659f4b864d190016498b": " Recognized Student Organizations", "5728659f4b864d190016498c": " Recognized Student Organizations", "5728659f4b864d190016498d": " University of Chicago College Bowl", "5728659f4b864d190016498e": " University of Chicago College Bowl", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fc": " Student Government", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fd": " Student Government", "5728667eff5b5019007da1fe": " two", "5728667eff5b5019007da1ff": " $2 million", "572867543acd2414000df9a1": " fifteen fraternities and seven", "572867543acd2414000df9a2": " fifteen fraternities and seven", "572867543acd2414000df9a3": " University of Chicago Interfraternity Council", "572867543acd2414000df9a4": " fifteen fraternities and seven", "572867543acd2414000df9a5": " fifteen fraternities and seven", "5728683b3acd2414000df9af": " May since 1987", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b0": "1987", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b1": " University of Chicago Scavenger Hunt", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b2": " Summer Breeze", "5728683b3acd2414000df9b3": " Summer Breeze", "57286951ff5b5019007da20e": " Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella", "57286951ff5b5019007da20f": " Joe Mansueto, Chicago Cubs owner and chairman Thomas S. Ricketts", "57286951ff5b5019007da210": " Joe Mansueto, Chicago Cubs owner and chairman Thomas S. Ricketts", "57286951ff5b5019007da211": " Arley D. Cathey, Bloomberg L.P. CEO Daniel Doctoroff, Credit Suisse CEO", "57286951ff5b5019007da212": " Joe Mansueto, Chicago Cubs owner and chairman Thomas S. Ricketts", "57286ab72ca10214002da31e": " Eliot Ness", "57286ab72ca10214002da31f": " President Bill Clinton David Axelrod, Attorney General and federal judge Robert Bork, Attorney General Ramsey Clark", "57286ab72ca10214002da320": " President Bill Clinton David Axelrod, Attorney General and federal judge Robert Bork, Attorney General Ramsey Clark", "57286ab72ca10214002da321": " President Bill Clinton David Axelrod, Attorney General and federal judge Robert Bork, Attorney General Ramsey Clark", "57286ab72ca10214002da322": " President Bill Clinton David Axelrod, Attorney General and federal judge Robert Bork, Attorney General Ramsey Clark", "57286bf84b864d19001649d4": " Stanford University Professor of Comparative Literature Richard Rorty, and American writer and satirist", "57286bf84b864d19001649d6": " Susan Sontag, analytic philosopher and Stanford University", "57286bf84b864d19001649d2": " Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times", "57286bf84b864d19001649d5": " Philip Roth, Canadian-born Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize", "57286bf84b864d19001649d3": " Saul Bellow, political philosopher, literary critic and author of the New York Times", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e0": " Life Itself Roger Ebert", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e1": " Life Itself Roger Ebert, director, writer, and comedian Mike Nichols, film director and screenwriter Philip Kaufman", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e2": " dance anthropology Katherine", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e3": " Life Itself Roger Ebert, director, writer, and comedian Mike Nichols, film director and screenwriter Philip Kaufman", "57286d7d4b864d19001649e4": " Life Itself Roger Ebert", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d1": "Hubble's Law\", NASA astronaut John M. Grunsfeld, geneticist James Watson, best known as one of the co-discoverers", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d2": "Hubble's Law\", NASA astronaut John M. Grunsfeld, geneticist James Watson, best known as one of the co-discoverers", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d3": "Hubble's Law\", NASA astronaut John M. Grunsfeld", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d4": " James Watson", "57286ec63acd2414000df9d5": "Hubble's Law\", NASA astronaut John M. Grunsfeld, geneticist James Watson, best known as one of the co-discoverers", "572870b2ff5b5019007da222": " economics, notable Nobel Memorial Prize", "572870b2ff5b5019007da223": " economics, notable Nobel Memorial Prize", "572870b2ff5b5019007da224": " Margaret Thatcher", "572870b2ff5b5019007da225": " Paul Samuelson, the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize", "572871bc4b864d1900164a04": "Lucy", "572871bc4b864d1900164a05": "Lucy", "572871bc4b864d1900164a06": " Harold Innis", "572872dd2ca10214002da37e": " Michelson", "572872dd2ca10214002da37f": " Michelson", "572872dd2ca10214002da380": " Michelson", "572872dd2ca10214002da381": " Michelson", "572872dd2ca10214002da382": " Michelson", "5728742cff5b5019007da246": "Past faculty have also included Egyptologist James Henry Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da247": " Allan Bloom, cancer researchers Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley", "5728742cff5b5019007da248": " Allan Bloom, cancer researchers Charles Brenton Huggins", "5728742cff5b5019007da249": " James Henry Breasted", "5728742cff5b5019007da24a": " Allan Bloom, cancer researchers Charles Brenton Huggins and Janet Rowley", "5728759cff5b5019007da25b": " David Bevington, and renowned political scientists John Mearsheimer", "5728759cff5b5019007da25a": " President Barack Obama", "5728759cff5b5019007da25c": "Current faculty include the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins", "5728759cff5b5019007da25d": "Current faculty include the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins", "5728759cff5b5019007da25e": "Current faculty include the anthropologist Marshall Sahlins", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b6": "Chinese: \u5143", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b7": "Chinese: \u5143", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b8": " Yehe Yuan Ulus[a]), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1b9": " Yehe Yuan Ulus[a]), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan", "57285ed5ff5b5019007da1ba": "1271", "572860e03acd2414000df977": " Mongol Empire and an imperial Chinese dynasty", "572860e03acd2414000df978": " Mongol Empire", "572860e03acd2414000df979": " Mongol Empire", "572860e03acd2414000df97a": " Kublai Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dc": "1271", "57286192ff5b5019007da1dd": " Kublai Khan", "57286192ff5b5019007da1de": "D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n\" (\u5927\u5143) is from the sentence \"\u5927\u54c9\u4e7e", "57286192ff5b5019007da1df": "Great Yuan Great Mongol State\". The Yuan dynasty is also known as the \"Mongol dynasty", "57286192ff5b5019007da1e0": "D\u00e0 Yu\u00e1n\" (\u5927\u5143) is from the sentence \"\u5927\u54c9\u4e7e", "572863c72ca10214002da2d4": " Genghis' third son, \u00d6gedei Khan, the Mongols destroyed the weakened Jin dynasty", "572863c72ca10214002da2d5": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d6": " \u00d6gedei Khan", "572863c72ca10214002da2d7": "1206", "572863c72ca10214002da2d8": " \u00d6gedei Khan", "572864dd4b864d1900164976": " Western Xia for the Mongols. There were 4 Han Tumens and 3 Khitan Tumens", "572864dd4b864d1900164977": " Khitan", "572864dd4b864d1900164978": " Mongols", "572864dd4b864d1900164979": "4 Han Tumens and 3 Khitan Tumens, with each Tumen consisting of 10,000", "572864dd4b864d190016497a": "4 Han Tumens and 3 Khitan Tumens, with each Tumen consisting of 10,000", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e8": " Han Chinese who lived in the Jin dynasty", "5728661e2ca10214002da2e9": " Jin dynasty", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ea": " Han Chinese", "5728661e2ca10214002da2eb": " Bingzhi", "5728661e2ca10214002da2ec": " Jin dynasty", "572867212ca10214002da2f2": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", "572867212ca10214002da2f3": " southern China", "572867212ca10214002da2f4": "1256", "572867212ca10214002da2f5": "M\u00f6ngke Khan", "572867212ca10214002da2f6": " Chinese Song dynasty in southern China. The Mongol force", "572867d72ca10214002da2fc": "Instability troubled the early years of Kublai Khan", "572867d72ca10214002da2fd": " Kublai", "572867d72ca10214002da2fe": " hostage prince Wonjong", "572867d72ca10214002da2ff": " Kublai", "572867d72ca10214002da300": "1259", "572869b84b864d19001649ae": " salt and iron. He restored the Imperial Secretariat and left the local administrative structure of past Chinese dynasties", "572869b84b864d19001649b0": " salt and iron. He restored the Imperial Secretariat and left the local administrative structure of past Chinese dynasties", "572869b84b864d19001649b2": " Kublai", "572869b84b864d19001649b1": " four", "572869b84b864d19001649af": " salt and iron. He restored the Imperial Secretariat and left the local administrative structure of past Chinese dynasties", "57286b003acd2414000df9c1": " Karakorum in Mongolia", "57286b003acd2414000df9c2": " Karakorum in Mongolia", "57286b003acd2414000df9c3": "1271", "57286b003acd2414000df9c4": " Zhiyuan to herald a new era of Chinese history. The adoption of a dynastic name legitimized Mongol rule", "57286b003acd2414000df9c5": "primal force\". Kublai proclaimed Khanbaliq the \"Great Capital\" or Daidu", "57286bb84b864d19001649c8": " Silk Road trade network by protecting the Mongol postal system", "57286bb84b864d19001649c9": " Silk Road trade network by protecting the Mongol postal system", "57286bb84b864d19001649ca": " southern China", "57286bb84b864d19001649cb": " southern China", "57286bb84b864d19001649cc": " Mongol postal", "57286c8cff5b5019007da218": " Quzhou", "57286c8cff5b5019007da219": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21a": "1115\u20131234", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21b": " Duany", "57286c8cff5b5019007da21c": "30,000", "57286d4f2ca10214002da328": " south", "57286d4f2ca10214002da329": "1276", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32a": " Kublai besieged Xiangyang between 1268 and 1273, the last obstacle in his way to capture the rich Yangzi River", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32b": " northern China, Kublai", "57286d4f2ca10214002da32c": " Emperor Bing", "57286dfa2ca10214002da332": "1281", "57286dfa2ca10214002da333": " Kublai's second invasion of Japan in 1281 failed because of an inauspicious typhoon", "57286dfa2ca10214002da334": " Battle of B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1eb1ng", "57286dfa2ca10214002da335": "auspicious typhoon", "57286dfa2ca10214002da336": "1279", "57286ead2ca10214002da346": "1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da347": " Zhen", "57286ead2ca10214002da348": "1253", "57286ead2ca10214002da349": " Kublai", "57286ead2ca10214002da34a": "1253", "57286f373acd2414000df9db": " Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9dc": " actively support and adopt mainstream Chinese culture", "57286f373acd2414000df9dd": " Buyantu Khan", "57286f373acd2414000df9de": " Department of State Affairs (Chinese: \u5c1a\u66f8\u7701", "57286f373acd2414000df9df": "1313", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e5": " Da Yuan Tong Zhi", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e6": "1321 to 1323", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e7": " Da Yuan Tong Zhi", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e8": " chancellor Baiju", "57286fa83acd2414000df9e9": " two", "5728705c2ca10214002da35a": " Shangdu in 1328, Tugh Tem\u00fcr was recalled to Khanbali", "5728705c2ca10214002da35b": "Emperor Wenzong) in Khanbaliq, while Yes\u00fcn Tem\u00fcr's son Ragibagh", "5728705c2ca10214002da35c": " four days", "5728705c2ca10214002da35d": " Chagatai Khan", "5728705c2ca10214002da35e": " Chagatai Khan", "5728710c3acd2414000df9ef": " Jingshi", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f0": " Jingshi", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f1": " spring of 1329", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f2": " Jingshi", "5728710c3acd2414000df9f3": " Jingshi", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa03": "1340", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa04": " Toghun Tem\u00fcr (Emperor Huizong), the last of the nine successors of Kublai Khan", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa05": " nine", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa06": " nine", "572871bd3acd2414000dfa07": " Toghun Tem\u00fcr (Emperor Huizong), the last of the nine successors of Kublai Khan", "572872822ca10214002da374": " Yuan dynasty", "572872822ca10214002da375": " without interference from the weakening Yuan", "572872822ca10214002da376": " intrigues", "572872822ca10214002da377": " Kublai Khan", "572872822ca10214002da378": " Outlaws", "57287338ff5b5019007da232": "1351", "57287338ff5b5019007da233": " Red Turban Rebellion", "57287338ff5b5019007da234": " Shangdu from Khanbaliq", "57287338ff5b5019007da235": " Zhu Yuanzhang", "57287338ff5b5019007da236": " late 1340s", "572878942ca10214002da3a2": " vernacular. The political unity of China", "572878942ca10214002da3a3": " vernacular. The political unity of China", "572878942ca10214002da3a4": " vernacular. The political unity of China", "572878942ca10214002da3a5": " vernacular. The political unity of China and much of central Asia promoted trade", "572879574b864d1900164a14": " Buddhism from the Yuan government", "572879574b864d1900164a15": " Buddhism from the Yuan government", "572879574b864d1900164a16": " Buddhism from the Yuan government", "572879574b864d1900164a17": " Buddhism from the Yuan government", "572879574b864d1900164a18": " Nestorianism", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a28": " Europeans to China and back date from this time. The most famous traveler of the period was the Venetian Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a29": "Cambal", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2a": " Venetian Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2b": " Venetian Marco Polo", "57287b4a4b864d1900164a2c": " tea culture", "57287c142ca10214002da3d0": " public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing", "57287c142ca10214002da3d1": "26 seconds off the modern Gregorian calendar's measurement. Road and water communications were reorganized and improved. To provide against possible famines", "57287c142ca10214002da3d2": " accuracy", "57287c142ca10214002da3d3": " Yuan reform the lunisolar calendar", "57287c142ca10214002da3d4": " Yuan undertook extensive public works. Among Kublai Khan's top engineers and scientists was the astronomer Guo Shoujing", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3da": " non-native Chinese people ruled all of China. In the historiography of Mongolia, it is generally considered to be the continuation of the Mongol Empire", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3db": " non-native Chinese people ruled all of China. In the historiography of Mongolia, it is generally considered to be the continuation of the Mongol Empire", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dc": " non-native Chinese people ruled all of China. In the historiography of Mongolia, it is generally considered to be the continuation of the Mongol Empire", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3dd": " non-native Chinese people ruled all of China. In the historiography of Mongolia, it is generally considered to be the continuation of the Mongol Empire", "57287ccb2ca10214002da3de": " Mongol Empire before Kublai Khan", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e4": " Kublai Khan", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e5": " Kublai Khan", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e6": " Kublai Khan", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e7": " Kublai Khan", "57287d4a2ca10214002da3e8": " Kublai Khan", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa3f": " the existence of these central government departments and the Six Ministries", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa40": " the Sui and Tang dynasties", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa41": " Cases involving members of more than one ethnic group were decided by a mixed board consisting of Chinese and Mongols", "57287ddf3acd2414000dfa42": " the existence of these central government departments and the Six Ministries", "57287e512ca10214002da3f8": "1269", "57287e512ca10214002da3f9": " Mongol custom of long standing quda/marriage alliance with Mongol clans", "57287e512ca10214002da3fa": " Mongol clans", "57287e512ca10214002da3fb": "Phags-pa script", "57287e512ca10214002da3fc": "Phags-pa script", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da274": "1290", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da275": "1291", "57287ee3ff5b5019007da276": "1290 in all parts", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa51": " zaju variety show was the incorporation of poetry", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa52": " Yuan poetry", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa53": " zaju variety show was the incorporation of poetry", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa54": " incorporation of poetry", "57287f6a3acd2414000dfa55": " Yuan dynasty era. In Yuan poetry", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3c": " Yuan dynasty never converted to Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3d": " Yuan dynasty", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3e": " Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan", "57287fec4b864d1900164a3f": " Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan", "57287fec4b864d1900164a40": " Islam. Instead, Kublai Khan", "5728804b4b864d1900164a46": "1249\u20131314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a47": "1249\u20131314", "5728804b4b864d1900164a48": " rectangular array of coefficients", "5728804b4b864d1900164a49": " Zhu Shij", "5728804b4b864d1900164a4a": "1249\u20131314", "5728809f2ca10214002da40c": " spherical", "5728809f2ca10214002da40d": " spherical", "5728809f2ca10214002da40e": "\u6388\u6642", "5728809f2ca10214002da40f": "\u6388\u6642", "5728809f2ca10214002da410": "1281", "572881022ca10214002da416": " Physicians received official support from the Yuan government", "572881022ca10214002da417": " herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism", "572881022ca10214002da418": " herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism", "572881022ca10214002da419": " herbal remedies, which was distinguished from the spiritual cures of Mongol shamanism", "572881022ca10214002da41a": " it ensured a high income and medical ethics", "572881704b864d1900164a50": " four", "572881704b864d1900164a51": "Four Great Schools\"", "572881704b864d1900164a52": "Four Great Schools\"", "572881704b864d1900164a53": "Four Great Schools", "572881704b864d1900164a54": "1347", "572881d34b864d1900164a5a": " Office of Western Medicine", "572881d34b864d1900164a5b": " Nestorian Christians", "572881d34b864d1900164a5c": "1263", "572881d34b864d1900164a5d": " Office of Western Medicine", "572881d34b864d1900164a5e": " Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine", "572882242ca10214002da420": " block printing techniques", "572882242ca10214002da421": " \u00d6gedei's wife, is one of the first printed works sponsored by the Mongols", "572882242ca10214002da422": "12th century", "572882242ca10214002da423": " \u00d6gedei's wife, is one of the first printed works sponsored by the Mongols", "572882242ca10214002da424": "12th century", "5728827b2ca10214002da42a": " chao, the paper money of the Yuan. Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42b": " woodblocks to print paper money", "5728827b2ca10214002da42c": "1275", "5728827b2ca10214002da42d": " chao, the paper money of the Yuan. Chao were made from the bark of mulberry trees", "5728827b2ca10214002da42e": "1275", "572883153acd2414000dfa6f": " Kublai Khan was the product of a compromise between Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", "572883153acd2414000dfa70": " Kublai Khan was the product of a compromise between Mongolian patrimonial feudalism and the traditional Chinese autocratic-bureaucratic system", "572883153acd2414000dfa71": " Kublai Khan", "572883153acd2414000dfa72": "colonial\" coloration", "572883153acd2414000dfa73": " Central Asia", "572883a33acd2414000dfa79": " Han Chinese were moved to Central Asian areas like Besh Baliq", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7a": " Han Chinese were moved to Central Asian areas like Besh Baliq", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7b": " Central Asian areas like Besh Bali", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7c": " curtail the power of the local peoples of both lands. Han Chinese were moved to Central Asian areas like Besh Bali", "572883a33acd2414000dfa7d": " Genghis Khan", "57288428ff5b5019007da28e": "thanks\". Many Hui Muslims", "57288428ff5b5019007da28f": "thanks\". Many Hui Muslims", "57288428ff5b5019007da290": " Zhu Yuanzhang", "57288428ff5b5019007da291": "thanks\".", "57288428ff5b5019007da292": " Zhu Yuanzhang", "5728848cff5b5019007da298": " Frederick W. Mote", "5728848cff5b5019007da299": "social classes\" for this system was misleading and that the position of people within the four-class system was not an indication of their actual social power and wealth", "5728848cff5b5019007da29a": "social classes\" for this system was misleading and that the position of people within the four-class system was not an indication of their actual social power", "5728848cff5b5019007da29b": "social classes", "572885023acd2414000dfa83": " southern China", "572885023acd2414000dfa84": " southern China", "572885023acd2414000dfa85": " southern China", "572885023acd2414000dfa86": " southern China", "572885023acd2414000dfa87": " southern China", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8d": " Uighurs of the Kingdom of Qocho over the Koreans at the court the Korean King objected, then the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8e": " Karluk Kara", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa8f": " Qocho over the Koreans at the court the Korean King objected, then the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan", "5728855d3acd2414000dfa90": " the Uighurs surrendered", "572885c44b864d1900164a78": " Inner Mongolia", "572885c44b864d1900164a79": " Shandong, Shanxi", "572885c44b864d1900164a7a": " Khanbali", "572885c44b864d1900164a7b": " Inner Mongolia and the Henan areas to the north of the Yellow River", "572885c44b864d1900164a7c": " Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs", "5728dab94b864d1900164f96": " Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana", "5728dab94b864d1900164f97": " Nairobi. Kenya", "5728dab94b864d1900164f98": " Nairobi. Kenya", "5728dab94b864d1900164f99": " Nairobi. Kenya", "5728dab94b864d1900164f9a": " Nairobi. Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dc": " humid tropical climate", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9dd": " humid around Lake Victoria", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9de": " Mount Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9df": " Mount Kenya", "5728de0e2ca10214002da9e0": " Indian Ocean coastline", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac2": "97%", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac3": " December 1963", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac4": " coastal Mombasa", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac5": "1895, which starting in 1920 gave way to the Kenya Colony. Kenya obtained independence in December 1963", "5728ef8d2ca10214002daac6": " December 1963", "5728f5376aef0514001548c4": " Mount Kenya", "5728f5376aef0514001548c5": " Mount Kenya", "5728f5376aef0514001548c6": " Kikuyu, Embu and Kamba words Kirinyaga", "5728f9342ca10214002dab52": " Kenya", "5728f9342ca10214002dab53": " Kenya", "5728f9342ca10214002dab54": " Joseph Thompsons", "5728f9342ca10214002dab55": "1862", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165166": "Big Five\" game animals of Africa", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165167": "2,900 kilometres (1,802 mi) from the Serengeti in neighbouring Tanzania to the Masai Mara", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165168": " Kenya and in the Masai Mara", "5728f9cf4b864d1900165169": " June and September", "5728f9cf4b864d190016516a": "2,900 kilometres (1,802 mi)", "5728fa576aef051400154920": "20 million years", "5728fa576aef051400154921": "1984", "5728fa576aef051400154922": " Richard Leakey", "5728fa576aef051400154923": "20 million", "5728fa576aef051400154924": " Richard Leakey", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3b": " Portuguese voyager Duarte Barbosa", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3c": " Portuguese voyager Duarte", "5728fd9b3f37b31900477f3d": " Mombasa", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef5": " African Great Lakes region", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef6": " Kenyan coast", "5728fea1af94a219006a9ef7": "1414", "5729024f1d04691400778f5f": " August 1914", "5729024f1d04691400778f60": " German East Africa", "5729024f1d04691400778f61": " Lt Col Paul von Lettow", "5729024f1d04691400778f62": " truce in an attempt to keep the young colonies", "5729024f1d04691400778f63": " Germany", "572903d96aef0514001549a4": " Kenya", "572903d96aef0514001549a5": " over a million members of the Kikuyu people, most of whom had no land claims in European terms and lived as itinerant farmers", "572903d96aef0514001549a6": " over a million members of the Kikuyu people, most of whom had no land claims in European terms and lived as itinerant farmers", "572903d96aef0514001549a7": "80,000", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4d": "15 January 1954", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4e": " Nairobi", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f4f": "15 January 1954", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f50": "4,686 Mau Mau, amounting to 42", "5729046aaf94a219006a9f51": " Nairobi under military siege, and the occupants were screened and the Mau Mau supporters", "572906e23f37b31900477f8d": "1957", "572906e23f37b31900477f8e": " Jomo Kenyatta", "572906e23f37b31900477f8f": "1957", "572906e23f37b31900477f90": "1957", "572906e23f37b31900477f91": " Kenyans", "572909406aef0514001549dc": " mlolongo", "572909406aef0514001549dd": " widespread agitation for constitutional reform", "572909406aef0514001549de": " Daniel arap Moi", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc5": " presidential representative democratic republic. The President is both the head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc6": " Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly and the Senate", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc7": " Daniel arap Moi", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc8": " Daniel arap Moi", "572909ebaf94a219006a9fc9": " executive", "57290b21af94a219006a9fcf": " Kenyan government", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd0": " curbing corruption from the Kenyan government, for instance, the establishment of a new and independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd1": " Kenyan government", "57290b21af94a219006a9fd2": "139th out of 176 total countries in the CPI, with a score of 27/100", "57290d811d04691400778fcf": " President Kibaki under the Party of National Unity ran for re-election against the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement", "57290d811d04691400778fd0": " ODM to the newly formed Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya (ODM-K)'s candidate, Kalonzo Musyoka", "57290d811d04691400778fd1": " Kibaki closed", "57290d811d04691400778fd2": " Kibaki", "57290e153f37b31900477fd9": " executive director of TAABCO Research and Development Consultants", "57290e153f37b31900477fda": " Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission", "57290e153f37b31900477fdb": " Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission", "57290e153f37b31900477fdc": " Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission", "57290ee2af94a219006a9fff": "28 February 2008", "57290ee2af94a219006aa000": " Kenya's second Prime Minister. Under the deal, the president would appoint cabinet ministers from both PNU and ODM camps", "57290ee2af94a219006aa001": " Odinga would become Kenya's second Prime Minister. Under the deal, the president would appoint cabinet ministers from both PNU and ODM camps", "57290ee2af94a219006aa002": " two", "57290ee2af94a219006aa003": " two", "57290f963f37b31900477feb": " Kenyan lawmakers", "57290f963f37b31900477fec": " Kenyan lawmakers", "57290f963f37b31900477fed": " Parliament", "57290f963f37b31900477fee": "29 February 2008", "57290f963f37b31900477fef": " one of the most stable and prosperous in Africa. The deal brought Kibaki's PNU and Oding", "572913626aef051400154a30": " eliminate the position of Prime Minister", "572913626aef051400154a31": "4 August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a32": " local governments and gives Kenyans", "572913626aef051400154a33": "4 August 2010", "572913626aef051400154a34": " Uhuru Park", "572914441d04691400779025": " December 2014", "572914441d04691400779026": " to guard against armed groups", "572914441d04691400779027": " President Uhuru Kenyatta", "572914441d04691400779028": " to guard against armed groups", "572914441d04691400779029": " President Uhuru Kenyatta", "572914f46aef051400154a46": " President Kenyatta", "572914f46aef051400154a47": " Kenyatta", "572914f46aef051400154a48": " Russia", "572914f46aef051400154a49": "2013", "572915621d0469140077902f": " commission of inquiry, the Waki Commission", "572915621d04691400779030": " commission of inquiry, the Waki Commission", "572915621d04691400779031": " Waki Commission", "572915e43f37b31900478005": "state security", "572915e43f37b31900478006": " public scrutiny and notoriety", "572915e43f37b31900478007": "state security", "572915e43f37b31900478008": "state security", "572916f16aef051400154a56": "HDI", "572916f16aef051400154a57": "519, ranked 145 out of 186 in the world. As of 2005, 17.7% of Kenyans", "572916f16aef051400154a58": " $1.25 a day. The important agricultural sector is one of the least developed and largely inefficient, employing 75%", "572916f16aef051400154a59": " Kenya is the biggest and most advanced economy in east and central Africa, and has an affluent urban minority, it has a Human Development Index", "572917743f37b3190047800d": " tremendous growth", "572917743f37b3190047800f": "East and Central Africa", "572917743f37b31900478010": "62%", "572917743f37b3190047800e": "22%", "572917ff6aef051400154a5e": "$803 million", "572917ff6aef051400154a5f": " Kenya's largest foreign exchange earning sector, followed by flowers, tea, and coffee. In 2006 tourism generated US$803 million", "572917ff6aef051400154a60": " Kenya's largest foreign exchange earning sector, followed by flowers, tea, and coffee. In 2006 tourism generated US$803 million", "572917ff6aef051400154a62": " Kenya", "572917ff6aef051400154a61": " Germany", "572918bd3f37b31900478016": "24% of GDP, as well as for 18%", "572918bd3f37b31900478017": " tea", "572918bd3f37b31900478015": " corn is subject to sharp weather-related fluctuations. Production downturns", "572918bd3f37b31900478018": " tea", "57291a7b1d0469140077903f": " Pigeon peas", "57291a7b1d04691400779040": " move out of poverty", "57291a7b1d04691400779041": " wholesalers, helped to increase local producer prices by 20\u201325%", "57291a7b1d04691400779042": " less than 650 mm annual", "57291a7b1d04691400779043": " less than 650 mm annual rainfall", "57291b461d04691400779049": " Africa", "57291b461d0469140077904a": " coffee, sisal, pyrethrum", "57291b461d0469140077904b": " Africa", "57291b461d0469140077904c": "53%", "57291b461d0469140077904d": " Kenyans", "57291beb1d04691400779053": " Jua Kali", "57291beb1d04691400779054": "14%", "57291beb1d04691400779055": " Jua Kali", "57291beb1d04691400779056": " Jua Kali", "57291d9e3f37b31900478035": "Kenya's inclusion among the beneficiaries of the US Government's African Growth and Opportunity Act", "57291d9e3f37b31900478036": "2000", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09b": " hydroelectric stations at dams along the upper Tana River", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09c": " hydroelectric stations at dams along the upper Tana River", "57291dfaaf94a219006aa09d": "1997", "57291f153f37b31900478043": " Turkana", "57291f153f37b31900478044": "10 billion barrels", "57291f153f37b31900478045": "10 billion barrels", "57291f153f37b31900478046": " around 10 billion barrels", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b1": " $474 million, representing Kenya's largest source of foreign direct investment, and ... bilateral trade ... reached $2.84 billion", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b2": "Chinese investment in Kenya ... reached $474 million", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b3": " $2.84 billion", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b4": " Kenya's Capital FM website by Liu Guangyuan, China's ambassador to Kenya, at the time of President Kenyatta", "57291fb4af94a219006aa0b5": " Kenyatta", "57292046af94a219006aa0bb": " National Climate Change Action Plan", "57292046af94a219006aa0bc": " National Climate Change Action Plan", "57292046af94a219006aa0bd": " National Climate Change Action Plan", "57292046af94a219006aa0be": " for the Action Plan", "57292046af94a219006aa0bf": " National Climate Change Action Plan", "572920d73f37b31900478055": " agriculture", "572920d73f37b31900478056": "30%", "572920d73f37b31900478057": "Child labour is common in Kenya", "572920d73f37b31900478058": " Kenya", "572921646aef051400154a78": " English and Swahili", "572921646aef051400154a79": " English and Swahili", "572921646aef051400154a7a": " rural areas", "572921646aef051400154a7b": " commerce, schooling and government", "572922206aef051400154a8a": " Kenyans", "572922206aef051400154a8b": "83%),", "572922206aef051400154a8c": "3 million", "572922206aef051400154a8d": " Kenya and the surrounding countries. There are smaller conservative Reformed churches, the Africa Evangelical Presbyterian Church, the Independent Presbyterian Church in Kenya", "57292449af94a219006aa0dd": "300,000", "57292449af94a219006aa0de": "4%", "57292449af94a219006aa0df": "Sizeable minorities", "57292449af94a219006aa0e0": "11.2%, indigenous beliefs 1.7%), and nonreligious 2.4%. Sixty percent", "572924b53f37b31900478067": "Nurses", "572924b53f37b31900478068": " Kenya National Bureau", "572924b53f37b31900478069": "65,000", "572924b53f37b3190047806a": "65,000", "572925491d046914007790c3": " Half of Kenyans", "572925491d046914007790c4": "15 million", "572925491d046914007790c5": " Half of Kenyans", "572925491d046914007790c6": " Half of Kenyans", "572925491d046914007790c7": "15 million", "572925a81d046914007790cd": " British colonists", "572925a81d046914007790ce": "12 December 1963", "572925a81d046914007790cf": " Ominde Commission", "572925a81d046914007790d0": " introduce changes", "572925a81d046914007790d1": " British colonists", "572926086aef051400154ac2": " Kenyan Universities", "572926086aef051400154ac3": " Kenyan Universities", "572926086aef051400154ac4": "eight years in primary, four years in secondary, and four years in university education). The table under Present-day education", "572926086aef051400154ac5": "1981", "572926653f37b31900478079": " January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807a": "70%.", "572926653f37b3190047807b": " payment is still required", "572926653f37b3190047807c": " January 1985", "572926653f37b3190047807d": "70%.", "572926d23f37b31900478083": " vocational youth/v", "572926d23f37b31900478084": "Basic formal education starts at age six years and lasts 12 years", "572926d23f37b31900478085": " tailoring", "572926d23f37b31900478086": " tailoring", "5729276c1d046914007790d7": "6/7-13", "5729276c1d046914007790d8": "6/7-13", "5729276c1d046914007790d9": "6/7-13", "5729276c1d046914007790da": "KCPE), which determines those who proceed to secondary school or vocational training", "5729276c1d046914007790db": "6/7-13", "572927d06aef051400154ade": " Kenya National Library Service", "572927d06aef051400154adf": " Nairobi County operates four libraries within their network, which included the McMillan Memorial Library", "572927d06aef051400154ae0": " Nairobi County operates four libraries within their network, which included the McMillan Memorial Library", "572927d06aef051400154ae1": " to all irrespective of age", "5729281baf94a219006aa11f": " Olympic and Commonwealth Games", "5729281baf94a219006aa120": " middle-distance and long-distance athletics, having consistently produced Olympic and Commonwealth Games", "5729281baf94a219006aa121": " Kenyan", "5729281baf94a219006aa122": " dominance in middle-distance and long-distance athletics, having consistently produced Olympic and Commonwealth Games", "572928bf6aef051400154af0": " six", "572928bf6aef051400154af1": " by Commonwealth Champion", "572928bf6aef051400154af2": " Pamela Jelimo, the women's 800m gold", "572928bf6aef051400154af3": " because of economic or financial factors", "572928bf6aef051400154af4": " because of economic or financial factors", "5729293d3f37b3190047809f": " Rakep Patel", "5729293d3f37b319004780a0": " Rakep Patel", "5729293d3f37b319004780a1": "1996", "5729293d3f37b319004780a2": " Lucas Onyango", "5729293d3f37b319004780a3": "1996", "57292994af94a219006aa131": " Kenya is home to the world famous Safari Rally", "57292994af94a219006aa132": " Hannu Mikkola", "57292994af94a219006aa133": " Hannu Mikkola", "572929d56aef051400154b0a": " three", "572929d56aef051400154b0b": "kiamsha kinywa", "572929d56aef051400154b0c": "chajio\"). In between, they have the 10 o'clock tea", "572929d56aef051400154b0d": "kiamsha kinywa", "57293b843f37b31900478133": "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific intergovernment", "57293b843f37b31900478134": " scientific intergovernment", "57293b843f37b31900478135": "stabilize greenhouse gas", "57293b843f37b31900478136": " scientific intergovernmental", "57293b843f37b31900478137": " scientific intergovernment", "57293bc91d0469140077919b": " Robert Watson", "57293bc91d0469140077919c": "Korean economist Hoes", "57293bc91d0469140077919d": " Robert Watson", "57293bc91d0469140077919e": "Korean economist Hoesung Lee", "57293bc91d0469140077919f": " October 8, 2015", "57293c246aef051400154bb8": " governments and organizations. Participation of delegates with appropriate expertise is encouraged. Plenary sessions", "57293c246aef051400154bb9": " seven", "57293c246aef051400154bba": " Plenary sessions", "57293c246aef051400154bbb": "322 persons in attendance at Sessions with about seven-eighths", "57293ca73f37b3190047815b": "1989", "57293ca73f37b3190047815c": " UNEP", "57293ca73f37b3190047815e": " UNEP", "57293ca73f37b3190047815f": " IPCC Trust Fund", "57293ca73f37b3190047815d": " UNEP", "57293d116aef051400154bc8": " data. Lead authors of IPCC", "57293d116aef051400154bc9": " published sources", "57293d116aef051400154bca": " IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data. Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change based on published sources", "57293d116aef051400154bcb": " IPCC reports assess the available information", "57293d6d1d046914007791b7": " two", "57293d6d1d046914007791b8": " two", "57293d6d1d046914007791b9": " two", "57293d6d1d046914007791ba": " graphs or data", "57293d6d1d046914007791bb": " graphs or data", "57293e221d046914007791d5": " CO2 has been responsible for over half the enhanced greenhouse", "57293e221d046914007791d6": " human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases", "57293e221d046914007791d7": "0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C over the last 100 years", "57293e221d046914007791d8": "BAU) scenario, global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 \u00b0C", "57293e221d046914007791d9": "0.3 to 0.6 \u00b0C over the last 100 years", "57293e983f37b3190047818b": "2001", "57293e983f37b3190047818c": "16", "57293e983f37b3190047818d": " Australian Academy of Science, the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium", "57293e983f37b3190047818e": "90%", "57293e983f37b3190047818f": "90%", "57293f353f37b3190047819b": " Richard Lind", "57293f353f37b3190047819c": " TAR", "57293f353f37b3190047819d": " John Houghton", "57293f353f37b3190047819e": " WGI Summary for Policymakers", "57293f353f37b3190047819f": " TAR", "57293f8a6aef051400154bde": " all IPCC", "57293f8a6aef051400154bdf": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be0": "2011", "57293f8a6aef051400154be1": " for IPCC", "572940246aef051400154bec": " Data Distribution Centre and the National Greenhouse Gas Invent", "572940246aef051400154bed": " IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council and UNEP", "572940246aef051400154bee": " IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council and UNE", "572940246aef051400154bef": " IPCC concentrates its activities on the tasks allotted to it by the relevant WMO Executive Council and UNEP", "572940973f37b319004781a5": "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a6": "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures", "572940973f37b319004781a7": "Variations of Snow and Ice in the past and at present on a Global and Regional Scale\".", "572940973f37b319004781a8": "2035", "572941273f37b319004781ad": " mistakes all appear to have gone in the direction of making it seem like climate change", "572941273f37b319004781ae": " errors and ask why it happened\". Martin Parry, a climate expert who had been co-chair of the IPCC working group II", "572941273f37b319004781af": "What began with a single unfortunate error over Himalayan glaciers", "572941273f37b319004781b0": " errors and ask why it happened\". Martin Parry, a climate expert who had been co-chair of the IPCC working group II", "572941273f37b319004781b1": " errors and ask why it happened\". Martin Parry, a climate expert who had been co-chair of the IPCC working group II", "57294209af94a219006aa201": "2007", "57294209af94a219006aa202": " Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes (MBH99", "57294209af94a219006aa203": "MBH99", "57294209af94a219006aa204": "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature", "57294279af94a219006aa209": "1000 and 1900", "57294279af94a219006aa20a": " Stephen McIntyre and Ross McKit", "57294279af94a219006aa20b": " temperatures between 1000 and 1900, and the MBH99", "57294279af94a219006aa20c": " May 2000", "57294279af94a219006aa20d": "Hockey Stick", "572943ab1d04691400779219": " Sherwood Boeh", "572943ab1d0469140077921a": " Sherwood Boeh", "572943ab1d0469140077921b": "23 June 2005", "572943ab1d0469140077921c": " Sherwood Boeh", "572943ab1d0469140077921d": " Sherwood Boeh", "572944e03f37b319004781e2": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e1": "2007", "572944e03f37b319004781e4": "14 reconstructions covered 1,000", "572944e03f37b319004781e5": " TAR) and Osborn & Briffa", "572944e03f37b319004781e3": "14 reconstructions covered 1,000", "572945b11d0469140077922f": "1 February 2007", "572945b11d04691400779230": " IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", "572945b11d04691400779231": " IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", "572945b11d04691400779232": " IPCC 2001 projections on temperature and sea level change", "572949306aef051400154c68": " rises in sea levels", "572949306aef051400154c69": "0.", "572949306aef051400154c6a": "0.5", "572949306aef051400154c6b": "2001", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26b": " Fifth Assessment Report conceded in Science Magazine", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26c": "Michael Oppen", "57294baaaf94a219006aa26d": " Fifth Assessment Report conceded in Science Magazine", "57294e6b1d04691400779275": " dealings with other environmental challenges (compare Ozone depletion and global warming). In case of the Ozone depletion", "57294e6b1d04691400779276": " efficiency of the IPCC process", "57294e6b1d04691400779277": " Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol has been successful, in case of Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol", "5729506d6aef051400154cac": " Stern Review", "5729506d6aef051400154cad": " global warming", "5729506d6aef051400154cae": " House of Lords committee asked to urge the IPCC to involve better assessments of costs and benefits of climate change but the Stern Review", "5729506d6aef051400154caf": " IPCC to involve better assessments of costs and benefits of climate change but the Stern Review", "5729517d6aef051400154cc8": " scientific papers", "5729517d6aef051400154cc9": " scientific papers", "5729517d6aef051400154cca": " IPCC", "572951f16aef051400154cce": " five", "572951f16aef051400154ccf": " Fourth Assessment Report, five climate scientists \u2013 all contributing or lead IPCC report authors \u2013 wrote in the journal Nature", "572951f16aef051400154cd0": " the panel employ a full-time staff and remove government", "572951f16aef051400154cd1": " five climate scientists \u2013 all contributing or lead IPCC", "572953013f37b3190047824d": " to conduct photosynthesis", "572953013f37b3190047824e": " photosynthesis", "572953013f37b3190047824f": " photosynthesis", "572953013f37b31900478250": " Calvin cycle", "572953013f37b31900478251": "100", "5729544c3f37b31900478257": " around within plant cells", "5729544c3f37b31900478258": " Chloroplasts", "5729544c3f37b31900478259": " environmental factors like light color and intensity", "5729544c3f37b3190047825a": " mitochondria", "5729544c3f37b3190047825b": " around within plant cells", "572956c86aef051400154d1a": " Konstantin Mereschk", "572956c86aef051400154d1b": " chloroplasts was first suggested by the Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschk", "572956c86aef051400154d1c": " chloroplasts was first suggested by the Russian biologist Konstantin Mereschk", "572956c86aef051400154d1d": "1905", "572956c86aef051400154d1e": " Konstantin Mereschk", "572957361d046914007792cf": " blue-green algae", "572957361d046914007792d0": " blue-green algae", "572957361d046914007792d2": " blue-green algae even though they are prokaryotes. They are a diverse phylum of bacteria capable of carrying out photosynthesis", "572957361d046914007792d3": " blue-green algae even though they are prokaryotes. They are a diverse phylum of bacteria capable of carrying out photosynthesis", "572957361d046914007792d1": " two cell membranes", "572957ad1d046914007792d9": " surround all chloroplasts correspond to the outer and inner membranes of the ancestral cyanobacterium's gram negative cell wall", "572957ad1d046914007792da": " around a billion years", "572957ad1d046914007792db": " phagocytic vacuole it was contained in. The two innermost lipid-bilayer membranes that surround all chloroplasts", "572957ad1d046914007792dc": " surround all chloroplasts correspond to the outer and inner membranes of the ancestral cyanobacterium's gram negative cell wall", "572957ad1d046914007792dd": " Over time, the cyanobacterium was assimilated, and many of its genes were lost or transferred to the nucleus", "5729582b1d046914007792e3": "plastid\" in this context means almost the same thing as chloroplast). All primary chloroplasts", "5729582b1d046914007792e4": " three", "5729582b1d046914007792e5": "plastid\" in this context means almost the same thing as chloroplast). All primary chloroplasts", "5729582b1d046914007792e6": "plastid\" in this context means almost the same thing as chloroplast). All primary chloroplasts", "5729582b1d046914007792e7": " chloroplast). All primary chloroplasts", "572958cc6aef051400154d2a": " phycobilisomes", "572958cc6aef051400154d2b": " phycobilisomes", "572958cc6aef051400154d2c": " phycobilisomes", "572958cc6aef051400154d2d": " chloroplast. The glaucophyte chloroplast group is the smallest of the three primary chloroplast lineages", "572958cc6aef051400154d2e": " phycobilisomes", "57295a116aef051400154d44": " phycobilisomes", "57295a116aef051400154d45": " floridean", "57295a116aef051400154d46": " phycobilisomes", "57295a116aef051400154d47": " floride", "57295a116aef051400154d48": " phycobilisomes", "57295b5b1d04691400779315": " accessory pigments", "57295b5b1d04691400779316": " the green algae and land plants", "57295b5b1d04691400779317": " green algae and land plants", "57295b5b1d04691400779318": " green algae and land plants", "57295b5b1d04691400779319": " green algae and land plants", "572961f61d04691400779359": " chloroplast-containing", "572961f61d0469140077935a": " chloroplast, and sometimes its cell membrane and nucleus", "572961f61d0469140077935b": " chloroplast, and sometimes its cell membrane and nucleus", "572961f61d0469140077935c": " chloroplast, and sometimes its cell membrane and nucleus", "572961f61d0469140077935d": " chloroplast, and sometimes its cell membrane and nucleus", "572962953f37b319004782f5": " pyrenoid", "572962953f37b319004782f6": " chloroplasts derived from a green alga. Euglenophyte chloroplasts", "572962953f37b319004782f7": " contained in membrane-bound granules in the cytoplasm", "572962953f37b319004782f8": " protists", "572962953f37b319004782f9": " Euglenophyte chloroplasts", "572963221d04691400779385": "Cryptophytes, or cryptomonads are a group of algae that contain a red-algal derived chloroplast. Cryptophyte chloroplasts", "572963221d04691400779386": " red-algal derived chloroplast. Cryptophyte chloroplasts", "572963221d04691400779387": "Cryptophytes, or cryptomonads are a group of algae that contain a red-algal derived chloroplast. Cryptophyte chloroplasts", "572963221d04691400779388": " granules found in the periplastid space", "572963221d04691400779389": " corresponds to the red alga's cytoplasm. Inside cryptophyte chloroplasts is a pyrenoid", "572963876aef051400154dd2": " Plasmodium", "572963876aef051400154dd3": " Plasmodium", "572963876aef051400154dd4": " Plasmodium", "572963876aef051400154dd5": " Plasmodium", "572963876aef051400154dd6": "lopectin starch", "5729645b3f37b31900478321": " no photosynthetic pigments", "5729645b3f37b31900478322": " photosynthetic pigments", "5729645b3f37b31900478323": " photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "5729645b3f37b31900478324": "Apicoplasts have lost all photosynthetic function, and contain no photosynthetic pigments or true thylakoids", "5729645b3f37b31900478325": " four", "572965566aef051400154e00": " peridinin", "572965566aef051400154e01": " peridinin", "572965566aef051400154e02": " three membranes (occasionally two),", "572965566aef051400154e03": " peridinin-type chloroplast, characterized by the carotenoid pigment", "572965e73f37b3190047832b": " fucoxanthin dinophyte line", "572965e73f37b3190047832c": " fucoxanthin dinophyte line", "572965e73f37b3190047832d": " four", "572965e73f37b3190047832e": " fucox", "572966626aef051400154e13": " cell culture", "572966626aef051400154e14": " kleptoplast\u2014if so, Dinophysis chloroplasts wear out and Dinophysis species", "572966626aef051400154e12": " kleptoplast\u2014if so, Dinophysis chloroplasts wear out and Dinophysis species", "572966626aef051400154e15": " kleptoplast\u2014if so, Dinophysis chloroplasts wear out and Dinophysis species", "572966ebaf94a219006aa391": " Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia", "572966ebaf94a219006aa392": " Kryptoperidinium and Durinskia", "572966ebaf94a219006aa393": " five", "572966ebaf94a219006aa394": " nucleomorph because it shows no sign of genome reduction, and might have even been expanded. Diatoms have been engulfed by dinoflagell", "572966ebaf94a219006aa395": " granules in the dinophyte host's cytoplasm", "572967e31d046914007793b1": " dinophyte nucleus", "572967e31d046914007793b2": "Lepidodinium viride", "572967e31d046914007793b3": " green", "572967e31d046914007793b4": " green", "572967e31d046914007793b5": "Lepidodinium viride", "5729686d1d046914007793c1": " Paulinella", "5729686d1d046914007793c2": "850 protein", "5729686d1d046914007793c3": "150,000", "5729686d1d046914007793c4": "150,000", "5729686d1d046914007793c5": "150,000", "572968cf1d046914007793cb": " ctDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cc": " ctDNA", "572968cf1d046914007793cd": "1962", "572968cf1d046914007793ce": "1962, and first sequenced in 1986", "572968cf1d046914007793cf": " chloroplast DN", "57296977af94a219006aa3bd": " cyanobacteria", "57296977af94a219006aa3be": "glaucophyta", "57296977af94a219006aa3bf": " cyanobacteria", "572969f51d046914007793dd": " chloroplast DNA replicates using a double displacement loop", "572969f51d046914007793de": " two", "572969f51d046914007793e0": "cpDNA)", "572969f51d046914007793df": " chloroplast DNA", "572969f51d046914007793e1": " chloroplast DNA replicates using a double displacement loop", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c3": " replication forks", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c4": " replication forks", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c5": " through homologous recombination. It further contends that only a minority of the genetic material is kept in circular", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c6": " through homologous recombination. It further contends that only a minority of the genetic material is kept in circular", "57296a65af94a219006aa3c7": " circular", "57296ab93f37b31900478369": " linear and participates in homologous recombination and replication structures similar to bacteriophage T4. It has been established that some plants have linear cp", "57296ab93f37b3190047836a": " linear cp", "57296ab93f37b3190047836b": " linear and participates in homologous recombination and replication structures similar to bacteriophage T4. It has been established that some plants have linear cp", "57296ab93f37b3190047836c": " linear cp", "57296b151d046914007793f1": " chloroplast is eventually lost, the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus", "57296b151d046914007793f2": " chloroplast is eventually lost, the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus", "57296b151d046914007793f3": " chloroplast is eventually lost, the genes it donated to the former host's nucleus", "57296b151d046914007793f4": " green algal", "57296bf96aef051400154e52": " chloroplast genes", "57296bf96aef051400154e53": " around half", "57296bf96aef051400154e54": " chloroplast. Many became exaptations", "57296bf96aef051400154e55": " mitochondrion. Some transferred chloroplast DNA protein", "57296c5c3f37b3190047837f": " Phosphorylation", "57296c5c3f37b31900478380": " the cytosol, an enzyme specific to chloroplast proteins phosphory", "57296c5c3f37b31900478381": " ribosome in the cytosol, an enzyme specific to chloroplast proteins phosphory", "57296c5c3f37b31900478382": " Phosphory", "57296cb21d04691400779403": " generally lens-shaped, 5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm", "57296cb21d04691400779404": "5\u20138 \u03bcm", "57296cb21d04691400779405": "5\u20138 \u03bcm in diameter and 1\u20133 \u03bcm", "57296cb21d04691400779406": " Oedogonium), a cup (e.g., Chlamydom", "57296cb21d04691400779407": " Oedogonium), a cup (e.g., Chlamydom", "57296d1b1d0469140077940d": " chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane", "57296d1b1d0469140077940e": " chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane", "57296d1b1d0469140077940f": " a double membrane", "57296d8d1d0469140077941d": " internal thylakoid", "57296d8d1d0469140077941e": " oxidative phosphory", "57296d8d1d0469140077941f": " oxidative phosphory", "57296d8d1d04691400779420": " internal thylakoid", "57296d8d1d04691400779421": " internal thylakoid", "57296de03f37b3190047839b": " constricted regions", "57296de03f37b3190047839c": " chloroplast membranes", "57296de03f37b3190047839d": " because they are often branched and tangled", "57296de03f37b3190047839e": "1962", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e5": " chloroplasts of C4 plants, though it has also been found in some C3 angiosperms", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e6": " chloroplasts of C4 plants, though it has also been found in some C3 angiosperms", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e7": " chloroplast peripheral", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e8": " transport vesicles", "57296e43af94a219006aa3e9": " chloroplasts of C4 plants, though it has also been found in some C3 angiosperms", "57296eb01d04691400779435": " synthesize a small fraction of their proteins", "57296eb01d04691400779436": " two-thirds", "57296eb01d04691400779437": " two-thirds", "57296eb01d04691400779438": " Chloroplast ribosomes are about two-thirds the size of cytoplasm", "57296eb01d04691400779439": " shine-dalgarno sequence recognition, which is considered essential for translation initiation in most chloroplasts", "57296eee6aef051400154e8e": "Plastoglobuli", "57296eee6aef051400154e8f": " Plastoglobuli", "57296eee6aef051400154e90": "Plastoglobuli", "57296eee6aef051400154e91": "45\u201360", "57296eee6aef051400154e92": " Plastoglobuli", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fb": "Plastoglobuli were once thought to be free-floating", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fc": " thylakoid", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fd": " once thought to be free-floating", "57296f3caf94a219006aa3fe": " once thought to be free-floating", "57296f85af94a219006aa403": " higher plants. Pyrenoids are roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies", "57296f85af94a219006aa404": " pyrenoids", "57296f85af94a219006aa405": " pyrenoids", "57296f85af94a219006aa406": " pyrenoids", "57296f85af94a219006aa407": " roughly spherical and highly refractive bodies", "57296fd71d0469140077943f": " thylakoid", "57296fd71d04691400779440": " frets", "57296fd71d04691400779441": " two to a hundred", "57296fd71d04691400779442": " two to a hundred", "57296fd71d04691400779443": " thylakoid model", "5729703d3f37b319004783bb": " light reactions of photosynthesis", "5729703d3f37b319004783bc": " chlorophyll", "5729703d3f37b319004783bd": " light-harvesting", "5729703d3f37b319004783be": " light-harvesting", "5729703d3f37b319004783bf": "Embedded in the thylakoid membranes", "572970916aef051400154eba": " two", "572970916aef051400154ebb": " pancake-shaped circular", "572970916aef051400154ebc": " pancake-shaped circular", "572970916aef051400154ebe": " pancake-shaped circular", "572970916aef051400154ebd": "300\u2013600", "57297103af94a219006aa423": " thirty", "57297103af94a219006aa424": " orange-red", "57297103af94a219006aa425": " orange-red", "57297103af94a219006aa426": " caroten", "57297103af94a219006aa427": " caroten", "5729714daf94a219006aa42d": " phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa42e": " phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa42f": " phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa430": " phycobilisomes", "5729714daf94a219006aa431": " third group", "572971af6aef051400154ede": " sugar precursors", "572971af6aef051400154edf": " rubisco", "572971af6aef051400154ee0": "\u2014it has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen", "572971af6aef051400154ee1": " rubisco. Rubisco has a problem\u2014it has trouble distinguishing between carbon dioxide and oxygen", "572971af6aef051400154ee2": " rubisco", "5729723c6aef051400154ee8": " C4 photosynthesis", "5729723c6aef051400154ee9": " C4 photosynthesis", "5729723c6aef051400154eea": " C4 photosynthesis", "5729723c6aef051400154eeb": " C4 photosynthesis", "5729723c6aef051400154eec": " C4 photosynthesis", "5729729a1d0469140077948b": " chloroplasts\u2014the chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948c": " chloroplasts. All green parts of a plant contain chloroplasts\u2014the chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948d": " chloroplasts", "5729729a1d0469140077948e": " parenchyma cells", "5729729a1d0469140077948f": " chloroplasts are usually parenchyma cells", "572972f46aef051400154ef2": " mesophyll layers", "572972f46aef051400154ef3": " mesophyll layers", "572972f46aef051400154ef6": "30\u201370", "572972f46aef051400154ef4": "30\u201370", "572972f46aef051400154ef5": " chloroplasts are mainly found in the mesophyll layers of a leaf, and the guard cells of stomata. Palisade mesophyll", "5729735c3f37b319004783fb": " In low-light conditions", "5729735c3f37b319004783fc": " vertical columns", "5729735c3f37b319004783fd": " orient themselves", "5729735c3f37b319004783fe": " Chloroplast movement is considered one of the most closely regulated stimulus-response systems", "5729735c3f37b319004783ff": " algal cells", "572973ccaf94a219006aa449": " two", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44a": " Chloroplasts", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44b": " Chloroplasts", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44c": " purposely damaging", "572973ccaf94a219006aa44d": " resistance", "57297427af94a219006aa453": " salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species which can serve as defense-signals", "57297427af94a219006aa454": " After detecting stress in a cell, which might be due to a pathogen, chloroplasts", "57297427af94a219006aa455": " salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species which can serve as defense-signals", "57297427af94a219006aa456": " salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species which can serve as defense-signals", "572974923f37b3190047840b": " photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840c": " chloroplast is its role in photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840d": " photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840e": " sugars. Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis", "572974923f37b3190047840f": " sugars. Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are used in photosynthesis", "572975073f37b31900478415": " pump hydrogen ions", "572975073f37b31900478416": " pump hydrogen ions", "572975073f37b31900478417": " their concentration gradient, flowing back out into the stroma through ATP synthase", "572975073f37b31900478418": " pump hydrogen ions", "572975073f37b31900478419": " pump hydrogen ions", "572975511d046914007794a7": " photosystem II photolyzes water to obtain and energize new electrons, photosystem I simply reenergizes depleted electrons", "572975511d046914007794a8": " C4 plants", "572975511d046914007794a9": " thylakoid", "572975511d046914007794aa": " reenergizes depleted", "572975a3af94a219006aa465": " Calvin cycle", "572975a3af94a219006aa466": "3-phosphoglyceric acid, or 3-PGA. The ATP and NADPH made in the light reactions", "572975a3af94a219006aa467": " convert the 3-PGA into glyceraldehyde", "572975a3af94a219006aa468": " five-carbon Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) molecules. The result is unstable six", "572976183f37b31900478431": " Waterlogged", "572976183f37b31900478432": " in the chloroplast. Under conditions such as high atmospheric CO2", "572976183f37b31900478433": " Waterlogged", "572976183f37b31900478434": " Waterlogged", "572976183f37b31900478435": " Waterlogged", "572976791d046914007794af": " carbon dioxide", "572976791d046914007794b0": " too high. Rubisco cannot distinguish between oxygen and carbon dioxide very well, so it can accidentally add O2 instead of CO2", "572976791d046914007794b1": " RuBP. This process reduces the efficiency of photosynthesis", "572976791d046914007794b2": " half", "572976791d046914007794b3": " carbon dioxide", "572976cfaf94a219006aa493": " chloroplast (the proplastid too) but it is also synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria", "572976cfaf94a219006aa494": " chloroplast (the proplastid too) but it is also synthesized in the cytosol and mitochondria", "572976cfaf94a219006aa495": " cysteine", "572976cfaf94a219006aa496": " unclear", "57297725af94a219006aa49b": " Chloroplasts", "57297725af94a219006aa49c": " plast", "57297725af94a219006aa49d": " Chloroplasts do not normally develop from proplastids", "57297725af94a219006aa49e": " plast", "5729779b6aef051400154f62": " chloroplast, takes several hours. Gymnosperms do not require light to form chloroplasts", "5729779b6aef051400154f63": " chloroplast formation", "5729779b6aef051400154f64": " chloroplast, takes several hours. Gymnosperms do not require light to form chloroplasts", "5729779b6aef051400154f65": " chloroplast, takes several hours. Gymnosperms do not require light to form chloroplasts", "5729779b6aef051400154f66": " chloroplast, takes several hours. Gymnosperms", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ad": "Plastid differentiation is not permanent, in fact many interconversions", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4ae": " Chloroplasts", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4af": "Plastid differentiation is not permanent, in fact many interconversions", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b0": "Plastid differentiation is not permanent, in fact many interconversions", "572977fbaf94a219006aa4b1": " carrot", "5729784b1d046914007794c9": " filaments, and with the help of a protein ARC", "5729784b1d046914007794ca": " Z-ring", "5729784b1d046914007794cb": " Z-ring", "5729784b1d046914007794cc": " starts when the proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2", "5729784b1d046914007794cd": " FtsZ2 assemble", "5729789b6aef051400154f6c": " The inner plastid-dividing ring", "5729789b6aef051400154f6d": " two", "5729789b6aef051400154f6e": "5", "5729789b6aef051400154f6f": "5", "5729789b6aef051400154f70": " chloroplast constriction begins.\nIn a few species like Cyanidioschyzon merol\u00e6, chloroplasts have a third plast", "572978e66aef051400154f76": "Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division. Chloroplasts", "572978e66aef051400154f78": "Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division. Chloroplasts", "572978e66aef051400154f79": " bright white", "572978e66aef051400154f77": "Light has been shown to be a requirement for chloroplast division. Chloroplasts", "57297991af94a219006aa4b7": " all relevant crop species", "57297991af94a219006aa4b8": " tobacco plants", "57297991af94a219006aa4b9": " tobacco plants", "57297991af94a219006aa4ba": " biologically contained, thus posing significantly lower environmental risks. This biological containment strategy is therefore suitable for establishing the coexistence of conventional and organic agriculture", "57296d571d04691400779413": "1 that has no positive divisors", "57296d571d04691400779414": " composite number", "57296d571d04691400779415": " composite because it has the divisors 2 and 3 in addition to 1 and 6. The fundamental theorem", "57296d571d04691400779416": " primes in number theory", "57296d571d04691400779417": " it has the divisors", "57296f293f37b319004783a3": " primality. A simple but slow method of verifying", "57296f293f37b319004783a4": " primality. A simple but slow method of verifying", "57296f293f37b319004783a5": " primality. A simple but slow method of verifying", "57296f293f37b319004783a6": " primality. A simple but slow method of verifying", "57296f293f37b319004783a7": "22", "572970c11d04691400779463": "300", "572970c11d04691400779464": " Euclid", "572970c11d04691400779465": " inversely proportional", "572970c11d04691400779466": " invers", "572970c11d04691400779467": "19th century", "5729727baf94a219006aa437": " Goldbach", "5729727baf94a219006aa438": " Goldbach", "5729727baf94a219006aa439": " Primes are used in several routines in information technology, such as public-key cryptography", "5729727baf94a219006aa43a": " Goldbach", "5729727baf94a219006aa43b": " Goldbach's conjecture", "572973f76aef051400154f0a": " multiples", "572973f76aef051400154f0b": " multiples of 2 and numbers ending", "572973f76aef051400154f0c": "Hence", "572973f76aef051400154f0d": " multiples", "572973f76aef051400154f0e": " No even number greater than 2 is prime because by definition, any such number n has at least three distinct divisors", "57297547af94a219006aa45b": " Middle Ages and Renaissance", "57297547af94a219006aa45c": " Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45d": " Middle Ages and Renaissance many mathematicians included 1 as the first prime number. In the mid-18th century Christian Goldbach", "57297547af94a219006aa45e": "10,006", "57297547af94a219006aa45f": " Middle Ages and Renaissance", "57297781af94a219006aa4a3": " Euclid", "57297781af94a219006aa4a4": " Euler's totient function or the sum of divisors", "57297781af94a219006aa4a6": " Euclid's fundamental theorem", "57297781af94a219006aa4a5": " Euclid's fundamental theorem", "57297781af94a219006aa4a7": " Euler's totient function or the sum of divisors", "572978f91d046914007794d3": "circa 300 BC) contain important theorems about primes, including the infinitude", "572978f91d046914007794d4": "circa 300 BC) contain important theorems about primes, including the infinitude", "572978f91d046914007794d5": " Eratosthenes, is a simple method to compute primes", "572978f91d046914007794d6": " Eratosthenes", "572978f91d046914007794d7": " Eratosthenes, is a simple method to compute primes", "57297a276aef051400154f88": "1640", "57297a276aef051400154f89": " known to be prime. The French monk Marin", "57297a276aef051400154f8a": " prime numbers until the 17th century. In 1640 Pierre de Fermat stated (without proof) Fermat's little theorem", "57297a276aef051400154f8c": " the 17th century. In 1640 Pierre de Fermat stated (without proof) Fermat's little theorem", "57297a276aef051400154f8b": " n = 4 (or 216 +", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c7": " trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c8": " trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4c9": " trial division", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4cb": " three", "57297bc9af94a219006aa4ca": " composite (with a and b \u2260", "57297d421d046914007794e5": " two", "57297d421d046914007794e6": "Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", "57297d421d046914007794e7": "Monte Carlo\") and deterministic algorithms", "57297d421d046914007794e8": " deterministic algorithms", "57297d421d046914007794e9": "1/(1", "57297ed93f37b3190047845f": " Fermat primality", "57297ed93f37b31900478460": " np\u2261", "57297ed93f37b31900478461": " Fermat primality", "57297ed93f37b31900478462": " Fermat primality test, which relies on the fact (Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261", "57297ed93f37b31900478463": " Fermat primality test, which relies on the fact (Fermat's little theorem) that np\u2261", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d1": " factorial primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d2": " factorial primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d3": " factorial primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d4": " factorial primes", "572980f9af94a219006aa4d5": " factorial primes", "572982e66aef051400154f92": " primes", "572982e66aef051400154f93": "2009", "572982e66aef051400154f94": " semi-random", "572982e66aef051400154f95": " primes of the mentioned types. Some of these primes have been found using distributed computing. In 2009, the Great Internet Mers", "572982e76aef051400154f96": " Great Internet", "572985011d04691400779501": " Bertrand's postulate (proven first by Chebyshev", "572985011d04691400779502": "are", "572985011d04691400779503": " Bertrand's postulate (proven first by Chebyshev), which states that there always exists at least one prime number p with n <", "572985011d04691400779504": "3. However, computing A or \u03bc requires the knowledge of infinitely many primes to begin with. Another formula is based on Wilson", "572985011d04691400779505": " Wilson's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa2": "wrapped around\" as soon as a multiple of 9 is passed. Primes are highlighted in red. The rows (=progress", "572987e46aef051400154fa3": " divisor is one. If this necessary condition is satisfied, Dirichlet's theorem", "572987e46aef051400154fa4": "wrapped around\" as soon as a multiple of 9 is passed. Primes are highlighted in red. The rows (=progress", "572987e46aef051400154fa5": "6, or 9 contain at most one prime number. In all other rows (a = 1, 2, 4, 5", "572987e46aef051400154fa6": "6, or 9 contain at most one prime number. In all other rows (a = 1, 2, 4", "572989846aef051400154fc0": " zeta function: if there were only finitely many primes", "572989846aef051400154fc1": " primes. Another example of the richness of the zeta function and a glimpse of modern algebraic number theory", "572989846aef051400154fc2": " zeta", "572989846aef051400154fc3": " zeta function: if there were only finitely many primes then \u03b6(1) would have a finite value", "572989846aef051400154fc4": " primes can also be seen using the zeta", "57298ef11d0469140077952d": "1859", "57298ef11d0469140077952e": " random noise", "57298ef11d0469140077952f": " s = \u22122", "57298ef11d04691400779530": " random noise", "57298ef11d04691400779531": " unproven Riemann hypothesis", "57299021af94a219006aa50c": " Weaker statements than this have been proven, for example Vinogradov", "57299021af94a219006aa50b": " February 2011", "57299021af94a219006aa50d": " six", "57299021af94a219006aa50e": " Weaker statements than this have been proven, for example Vinogradov", "57299021af94a219006aa50f": " Weaker statements than this have been proven, for example Vinogradov", "572991943f37b319004784a1": " conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes", "572991943f37b319004784a2": " conject", "572991943f37b319004784a3": " Cram\u00e9r's conjecture", "572991943f37b319004784a4": " primes. It is conjectured that there are infinitely many twin primes, pairs of primes", "572991943f37b319004784a5": " conject", "57299326af94a219006aa515": " prime numbered gear teeth", "57299326af94a219006aa516": " hash tables and pseudorandom number generators", "57299326af94a219006aa517": "1970s", "57299326af94a219006aa518": " prime numbered gear teeth", "57299326af94a219006aa519": " prime numbered gear teeth", "572995d46aef051400154fe8": " q. Wilson's theorem says that an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p \u2212 1)!", "572995d46aef051400154fe9": " q. Wilson's theorem says that an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p \u2212 1)!", "572995d46aef051400154fea": " q. Wilson's theorem says that an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p \u2212 1)! +", "572995d46aef051400154feb": " q. Wilson's theorem says that an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p \u2212 1)! +", "572995d46aef051400154fec": " q. Wilson's theorem says that an integer p > 1 is prime if and only if the factorial (p \u2212 1)!", "572996c73f37b319004784b3": " public-key cryptography algorithms", "572996c73f37b319004784b4": " public-key cryptography algorithms", "572996c73f37b319004784b5": " two", "572996c73f37b319004784b6": " the fact that there are efficient algorithms for modular exponentiation", "572996c73f37b319004784b7": " two", "572998673f37b319004784d5": " cicadas of the genus Magicicada", "572998673f37b319004784d6": " drive natural selection", "572998673f37b319004784d7": "200-year period", "572998673f37b319004784d8": " grubs underground", "572998673f37b319004784d9": "13 or 17 years", "57299a6f6aef051400155016": " mathematics", "57299a6f6aef051400155017": " prime, namely that any object can be, essentially uniquely, decomposed into its prime components. For example, in knot theory", "57299a6f6aef051400155019": " it has been generalized in different ways in various branches of mathematics. Generally, \"prime\" indicates minimality or indecomposability", "57299a6f6aef05140015501a": " smallest subfield", "57299a6f6aef051400155018": " mathematics. Generally, \"prime\" indicates minimality or indecomposability", "57299c2c6aef051400155020": " subtraction and multiplication are defined: prime elements and irreducible elements. An element p of R is called prime element if it is neither zero", "57299c2c6aef051400155021": " neither zero", "57299c2c6aef051400155022": " neither zero nor a unit (i.e., does not have a multiplicative inverse", "57299c2c6aef051400155023": " neither zero nor a unit (i.e., does not have a multiplicative inverse", "57299c2c6aef051400155024": " neither zero", "57299d1c1d04691400779581": " Gaussian primes", "57299d1c1d04691400779582": " Gaussian primes", "57299d1c1d04691400779583": " Gaussian primes", "57299d1c1d04691400779584": " Gaussian primes", "57299d1c1d04691400779585": " Gaussian primes", "57299ec43f37b3190047850d": " commutative algebra", "57299ec43f37b3190047850e": " prime ideal, are an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra", "57299ec43f37b3190047850f": " ring theory", "57299ec43f37b31900478510": " Lasker\u2013Noether theorem", "57299ec43f37b31900478511": " prime ideal, are an important tool and object of study in commutative algebra", "5729a03f1d04691400779593": " algebro-ge", "5729a03f1d04691400779594": " algebro-geometric objects", "5729a03f1d04691400779595": " geometry and number theory", "5729a03f1d04691400779596": " algebro-ge", "5729a26d6aef05140015505a": " Ostrowski", "5729a26d6aef05140015505b": " Q, by Ostrowski", "5729a26d6aef05140015505c": " Ostrowski", "5729a26d6aef05140015505d": " Ostrowski's theorem", "5729a3716aef05140015506a": " French composer Olivier", "5729a3716aef05140015506b": " La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre \u00e9t", "5729a3716aef05140015506c": " La Nativit\u00e9 du Seigneur (1935) and Quatre \u00e9t", "5729a3716aef05140015506d": " third \u00e9tude", "5729a3716aef05140015506e": " lengths given by different prime numbers to create unpredictable rhythms: the primes 41, 43, 47 and 53 appear in the third \u00e9tude", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55b": " Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the southeastern Swiss Alps", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55c": " Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the southeastern Swiss Alps", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55d": "The Rhine", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55e": " Cologne, Germany", "572f5533a23a5019007fc55f": "1,050,000", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e37": " Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the southeastern Swiss Alps", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3a": " Swiss canton of Graub\u00fcnden in the southeastern Swiss Alps", "572fe1d404bcaa1900d76e3b": "1,050,000", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56b": " Gaulish", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56c": " R\u012b(n", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56d": " R\u012b(n", "572f55e8a23a5019007fc56e": "1st century BC", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad7": " R\u012b(n", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad8": " R\u012b", "572fe288a23a5019007fcada": " R\u012b", "572fe288a23a5019007fcad9": " R\u012b(n", "572fe288a23a5019007fcadb": " R\u0113nos, which was adapted in Roman-era geography", "572f567cb2c2fd140056803f": "Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568040": "1939", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568041": " Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568042": " Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland", "572f567cb2c2fd1400568043": "Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", "572fe393947a6a140053cdba": "Rhine-kilometers\" (Rheinkilometer", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbb": "1939", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbc": " Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbe": " to number of canalisation", "572fe393947a6a140053cdbd": " Constance (0 km) to Hoek van Holland", "572f5703a23a5019007fc573": " Rhine Valley", "572f5703a23a5019007fc574": "86 km", "572f5703a23a5019007fc575": " Rhine Valley", "572f5703a23a5019007fc576": " Rhine Valley", "572f5703a23a5019007fc577": " Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4b": " Chur.", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4c": "86 km", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4d": " Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4e": " Rhine Valley", "572fe41e04bcaa1900d76e4f": " Rhine Valley", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686d": " Lake Constance forms an inland delta. The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686e": "Isel\" and this is also the local pronunciation of Esel (\"Donkey\").", "572f57c704bcaa1900d7686f": "Isel\" and this is also the local pronunciation of Esel (\"Donkey\").", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76870": " Austrian towns of Gai\u00dfau", "572f57c704bcaa1900d76871": "Isel\" and this is also the local pronunciation of Esel (\"Donkey\").", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e55": " Lake Constance forms", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e56": "Old Rhine", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e57": "Isel\" and this is also the local pronunciation of Esel (\"Donkey\").", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e58": " Lake Constance forms an inland delta. The delta is delimited in the West by the Alter Rhein (\"Old Rhine", "572fe4a304bcaa1900d76e59": "Isel\" and this is also the local pronunciation of Esel (\"Donkey\").", "572f5875947a6a140053c89a": " Fu\u00dfach, in order to counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation in the western Rhine", "572f5875947a6a140053c89b": " upper canal near Diepoldsau", "572f5875947a6a140053c89c": " Dornbirner Ach had to be diverted, too, and it now flows parallel to the canalized Rhine", "572f5875947a6a140053c89d": " higher up the mountains", "572f5875947a6a140053c89e": " darker color than the Rhine", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e69": " Fu\u00dfach, in order to counteract the constant flooding", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6b": " counteract the constant flooding and strong sedimentation", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6a": " Fu\u00dfach, in order to counteract the constant flooding", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6c": " upper canal near Diepoldsau", "572fe53104bcaa1900d76e6d": " darker color than the Rhine", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57d": " three", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc580": "Lake Rhine", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57e": "Lake Rhine", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc581": "Lake Rhine\"). The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria", "572f58d9a23a5019007fc57f": "Lake Rhine", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858b": " three", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858c": " Germany, Switzerland and Austria", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858d": "Lake Rhine", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858e": " Germany", "572fe60fb2c2fd140056858f": " Germany, Switzerland and Austria", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc587": " because of the greater density of cold water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58a": " Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc588": " Lake \u00dcber", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc58b": " until Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island", "572f59b4a23a5019007fc589": " diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake \u00dcber", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e95": " Lake \u00dcber", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e96": " Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e97": " Hagnau am Bodensee. A small fraction of the flow is diverted off the island of Mainau into Lake \u00dcber", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e98": " Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water", "572fe92204bcaa1900d76e99": " Rheinbrech, the Rhine water abruptly falls into the depths because of the greater density of cold water", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5af": " German-Swiss border", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b0": "The Rhine emerges from Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b1": "1,000", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b2": " Lake", "572f609ca23a5019007fc5b3": " Lake Constance", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde0": "4", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde1": " Lake Constance, flows generally westward, as the Hochrhein, passes the Rhine", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde2": "1,000", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde3": " Hochrhein, passes the Rhine Falls", "572fe9b3947a6a140053cde4": " Lake", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ea": "Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8eb": "Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ec": "Rhine knee", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ed": "300 km", "572f60f4947a6a140053c8ee": "300 km", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf2": "Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf3": "Rhine knee", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf4": " High and Upper Rhine. The river now flows North as Upper Rhine through the Upper Rhine", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf5": " Neckar in Mannheim and the Main across from Mainz. In Mainz, the Rhine leaves the Upper Rhine Valley", "572fec30947a6a140053cdf6": "Rhine knee", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b7": "19th", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b8": " dug", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680b9": " dug", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680ba": " Dead branches dried up and the amount of forests on the flood plains decreased sharply. On the French side, the Grand Canal", "572f64ccb2c2fd14005680bb": "The Upper Rhine region", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5b": " huge Bassin de compensation de Plobsheim", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5c": "19th Century", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5d": " changed significantly by a Rhine straightening program", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5e": " dug", "572feddda23a5019007fcb5f": " huge Bassin de compensation de Plobsheim", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cc": " Germany", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cd": " Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via the Moselle; smaller rivers drain the Vosges and Jura Mountains", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cb": " the longest river in Germany", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680ce": " Northeastern France drains to the Rhine via the Moselle; smaller rivers drain the Vosges and Jura Mountains", "572f65e9b2c2fd14005680cf": "2,290", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef5": " Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef6": " Vosges and Jura Mountains", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef7": " Vosges and Jura Mountains", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef8": " Germany", "572ff07304bcaa1900d76ef9": "300", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5eb": " \"the Romantic Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ec": " \"the Romantic Rhine", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ed": "40 castles and fortresses from the Middle Ages and many quaint and lovely country", "572f6a0ba23a5019007fc5ee": " \"the Romantic Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76eff": " \"the Romantic Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f00": " through the Rhine Gorge", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f02": " \"the Romantic Rhine", "572ff12e04bcaa1900d76f03": " \"the Romantic Rhine", "572f6c85947a6a140053c940": " water pollution", "572f6c85947a6a140053c942": " water pollution", "572f6c85947a6a140053c943": " water pollution", "572f6c85947a6a140053c944": " Cologne, D\u00fcsseldorf and Duisburg", "572f6c85947a6a140053c941": " Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce52": " water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce53": " Duisburg", "572ff293947a6a140053ce54": " water pollution", "572ff293947a6a140053ce55": " Antwerp and Amsterdam", "572ff293947a6a140053ce56": " Duisburg", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc621": " viniculture and tourism", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc622": " viniculture and tourism. The Rhine Gorge between R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc623": " viniculture and tourism. The Rhine Gorge between R\u00fcdesheim am Rhein and Koblenz is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site", "572f6ec7a23a5019007fc624": " viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce66": " viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce67": " viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce68": " viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce69": " viniculture and tourism", "572ff35f947a6a140053ce6a": " viniculture and tourism", "572f7588947a6a140053c984": " North Rhine-Westphalia", "572f7588947a6a140053c985": " North Rhine", "572f7588947a6a140053c986": " North Rhine", "572f7588947a6a140053c987": " North Rhine", "572f7588947a6a140053c988": " through North Rhine-Westphalia. Its banks are usually heavily populated and industrialized", "572ff430a23a5019007fcba9": " North Rhine-Westphalia", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbaa": "Duisport", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbab": "Duisport", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbac": "Duisport", "572ff430a23a5019007fcbad": " through North Rhine-Westphalia", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568154": " Meuse, through the Hollands", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568153": " Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede (De Biesbos", "572f76d1b2c2fd1400568155": " Two", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f24": " Oude Maas", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f25": " Hardinxveld", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f26": " Meuse, through the Hollands", "572ff4ca04bcaa1900d76f27": " Merwede and Nieuwe Merwede (De Biesbos", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a2": " Lek. It flows farther west, to rejoin the Noord River into the Nieuwe Maas", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a3": " water flow of the Rhine north", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a4": " Pannerdens Kana", "572f7b33947a6a140053c9a5": " Pannerdens", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2d": " Lek. It flows farther west, to rejoin the Noord River", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2e": " Lek. It flows farther west, to rejoin the Noord River into the Nieuwe Maas", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f2f": " two ninths", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f30": " Lek. It flows farther west, to rejoin the Noord River into the Nieuwe Maas", "572ff56304bcaa1900d76f31": " Pannerdens", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568657": " Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568658": " Kromme Rijn (\"Bent Rhine", "572ff5fcb2c2fd1400568659": " Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865a": " Kromme Rijn", "572ff5fcb2c2fd140056865b": " Kromme Rijn", "572ff673b2c2fd1400568669": " Millingen aan", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866a": " Millingen aan", "572ff673b2c2fd140056866b": " Scheld", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f51": " Millingen aan", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f52": " three main flows, two", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f53": " Millingen aan de Rijn, the Rhine splits into Waal and Pannerdens Kana", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f55": "North River", "572ff7ab04bcaa1900d76f54": " two bifurcations: first, at Millingen aan de Rijn, the Rhine splits into Waal and Pannerdens", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568681": "Bergse Maas", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568682": "1904", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568683": "Bergse Maas\", then Amer and then flows into the former bay Hollands", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568685": "1421 to 1904", "572ff83ab2c2fd1400568684": "Bergse Maas", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbce": " drainage channels for the numerous polders. The construction of Delta Works changed the Delta in the second half of the 20th Century", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcf": " drainage channels for the numerous polders. The construction of Delta Works", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbcd": " drainage channels for the numerous polders. The construction of Delta Works", "572ff890a23a5019007fcbd0": "20th Century", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869b": " tidal delta", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869c": " sea. Before the construction of the Delta Works", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869d": " Nijmegen", "572ff935b2c2fd140056869e": " tidal currents. This meant that high tide formed a serious risk because strong tidal", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbe9": " Triassic Period", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbeb": " Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbec": " subducted under Eurasia and pushing up the edge of the latter plate in the Alpine Orogeny of the Oligocene and Miocene Period", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbea": " Triassic Period", "572ffa79a23a5019007fcbed": " Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era, with the opening of the Tethys Ocean", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b7": " Eocene onwards", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b8": " Eocene onwards", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686b9": " Eocene", "572ffb02b2c2fd14005686ba": " Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef0": " by the Rhone", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef1": " Vosges Mountains", "572ffc0f947a6a140053cef2": " Meuse", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc15": "11,600 years ago) was the geological period of the Ice Ages", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc16": "600,000", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc17": "600,000 years", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc18": " Anglian glaciation (~450,000 yr BP, marine oxygen isotope stage 12), the northern part of the present North Sea", "572ffce5a23a5019007fcc19": " Ice Ages", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e5": "29", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e6": "29", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e7": " Atlantic Ocean", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e8": "70,000", "572ffd75b2c2fd14005686e9": " sea level was approximately 120 m (390 ft", "572fff45947a6a140053cf26": " Ice Age flora", "572fff45947a6a140053cf27": " Ice Age flora", "572fff45947a6a140053cf28": " during the last Ice Age", "572fff45947a6a140053cf29": " Ice Age flora", "572fff45947a6a140053cf2a": " Ice Age flora", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76fef": "22,000 years ago", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff0": " thaw and fall-winter snow covers melted in spring. Much of the discharge was routed to the Rhine", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff1": " ocean and land subsidence, drowned the former coasts of Europe", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff2": "22,000 years ago", "572fffb404bcaa1900d76ff3": "22,000 years ago", "573003dd947a6a140053cf42": "7500 yr ago", "573003dd947a6a140053cf43": " to ongoing tectonic subsidence, the sea level is still rising, at the rate of about 1\u20133 cm", "573003dd947a6a140053cf44": "7500 yr ago", "573003dd947a6a140053cf45": " to ongoing tectonic subsidence, the sea level is still rising, at the rate of about 1\u20133 cm", "573003dd947a6a140053cf46": "1\u20133 cm (0.39\u20131.18 in) per century (1 metre or 39 inches in last 3000 years).", "5730042804bcaa1900d77011": " Holocene (~11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77014": " the begin of the Holocene (~11,700 years ago", "5730042804bcaa1900d77012": " Netherlands, the formation of the Holocene", "5730042804bcaa1900d77013": " (~8", "57300580b2c2fd140056874d": "11\u201313th century AD", "57300580b2c2fd140056874f": "Bronze Age agriculture", "57300580b2c2fd140056874e": "Bronze Age agriculture", "57300580b2c2fd1400568751": "11\u201313th century AD", "57300580b2c2fd1400568750": " Over the past 6000 years, approximately 80", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702d": " North Sea", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702e": " north and enters", "5730069004bcaa1900d7702f": " North Sea", "5730069004bcaa1900d77030": " north and enters the IJsselmeer, formerly the Zuider Zee brackish", "5730069004bcaa1900d77031": " three", "57300761947a6a140053cf9a": "1st century BC", "57300761947a6a140053cf9b": " Gallia and Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9c": " Gallia and Germania", "57300761947a6a140053cf9d": " Maurus Servius", "573007fab2c2fd140056876b": " AD 14 until after AD", "573007fab2c2fd140056876c": " Moguntiacum", "573007fab2c2fd140056876d": " AD 14 until after AD", "573007fab2c2fd140056876f": " Moguntiacum", "573007fab2c2fd140056876e": " Mogunt", "57300888b2c2fd1400568775": " eight legions in five", "57300888b2c2fd1400568777": " Germania", "57300888b2c2fd1400568778": "town of the Ubii\"), which was renamed to Colonia Agrippina", "57300888b2c2fd1400568776": " whether a state or threat of war", "57300888b2c2fd1400568779": "town of the Ubii\"), which was renamed to Colonia Agrippina", "57300911947a6a140053cfb6": "5th century", "57300911947a6a140053cfb7": "dragons rock", "57300911947a6a140053cfb8": "Siebenge", "57300911947a6a140053cfb9": " Hagen", "57300911947a6a140053cfba": " Hagen", "573009a004bcaa1900d7704f": "1469", "573009a004bcaa1900d77050": "1469", "573009a004bcaa1900d77051": " Burgundy", "573009a004bcaa1900d77052": " Archduke Sigism", "573009a004bcaa1900d77053": "1469", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc97": " Louis XIV", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc98": " Louis XIV and Napoleon Bonaparte, tried with varying degrees of success to annex lands west", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc99": " Adolphe Thiers", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9a": "1806", "57300a25a23a5019007fcc9b": "1806", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77063": "1935", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77064": "1935", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77065": " Treaty of Versailles", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77066": " Treaty of Versailles", "57300a9a04bcaa1900d77067": "1935", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77087": " Arnhem, immortalized in the book, A Bridge", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77088": " Operation Market Garden", "57300bf504bcaa1900d77089": " September 1944", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708a": " Operation Market Garden", "57300bf504bcaa1900d7708b": " Germany", "57300c67947a6a140053cff0": "1,230 kilometres", "57300c67947a6a140053cff1": " Knaurs Lex", "57300c67947a6a140053cff3": " way into numerous textbooks", "57300c67947a6a140053cff2": "1,320 kilometres (820 miles), presumably a typographical error. After this number was placed into the authoritative Brockhaus", "57300c68947a6a140053cff4": "1932", "572fac17947a6a140053cb54": "12 May 1999", "572fac17947a6a140053cb55": " Westminster. The British Parliament", "572fac17947a6a140053cb56": " Westminster. The British Parliament retains the ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament", "572fac17947a6a140053cb57": " Westminster. The British Parliament retains the ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament", "572fac17947a6a140053cb58": " Westminster. The British Parliament retains the ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament", "572facb0a23a5019007fc863": " Scotland was directly governed by the Parliament of Great Britain", "572facb0a23a5019007fc864": " three hundred", "572facb0a23a5019007fc865": " to examine ways of enabling more self-government for Scotland", "572facb0a23a5019007fc866": "1914", "572facb0a23a5019007fc867": "devolved' Parliament", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86d": " Scotland's oil\" campaign of the Scottish National Party", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86e": " Scottish independence, as well as the SNP. The party argued that the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland", "572fad30a23a5019007fc870": "1974", "572fad30a23a5019007fc86f": " Scottish independence, as well as the SNP. The party argued that the revenues from the oil were not benefitting Scotland", "572fad30a23a5019007fc871": "1974. However, it was not until 1978", "572fadcbb2c2fd1400568329": " Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832a": "51", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832c": "51.6%", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832b": " up in Edinburgh", "572fadcbb2c2fd140056832d": "1 March 1979 that represented at least 40%", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76bdf": " Scottish Assembly", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be0": " Conservative Party", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be1": "1995", "572fae4b04bcaa1900d76be2": " Conservative Party", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568333": " Holyrood area of Edinburgh. The Scottish Parliament building was designed by Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568334": " Enric Mir", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568335": " Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568336": " Spanish architect Enric Miralles in partnership with local Edinburgh Architecture", "572faec7b2c2fd1400568337": " Enric Mir", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568349": " General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568347": " General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh", "572faf74b2c2fd1400568348": " Holyrood was being constructed, the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834b": " Strathclyde Regional Council", "572faf74b2c2fd140056834a": " Holyrood was being constructed, the Parliament's temporary home was the General Assembly Hall of the Church of Scotland on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh", "572fb059947a6a140053cb80": " Regional Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb81": " Lothian Regional Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb82": " demolished. The former Midlothian", "572fb059947a6a140053cb83": " Edinburgh Council", "572fb059947a6a140053cb84": " Parliament also used buildings rented from the City of Edinburgh Council. The former administrative building of Lothian Regional Council", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c15": " parliamentary clerks", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c16": " parliamentary clerks", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c17": " Scottish Parliamentary", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c18": " two", "572fb42904bcaa1900d76c19": " parliamentary clerks", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f7": " Corporate Body", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f8": " Corporate Body", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8f9": " five", "572fbb04a23a5019007fc8fa": " Convening the Parliamentary Bureau", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5b": "129 are occupied by the Parliament's elected MSPs", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5c": " they are not elected MSPs", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5d": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5e": "131", "572fbea404bcaa1900d76c5f": " MSPs", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc938": " silver and inlaid with gold panned from Scottish rivers", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc937": " parliamentary mace", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93a": " Presented to the Scottish Parliament", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc939": " Wisdom, Compassion, Justice and Integrity. The words There shall be a Scottish Parliament", "572fbf21a23a5019007fc93b": " parliamentary mace", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c73": " January to late June and from early September to mid December, with two-week recesses in April and October", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c74": " Parliament's own channel Holyrood.tv and on the BBC's parliamentary channel BBC Parliament", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c75": " Chamber debates and committee", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c76": "6 pm and on Thursdays from 9:15", "572fbfa504bcaa1900d76c77": " Meetings are broadcast on the Parliament's own channel Holyrood.tv and on the BBC's parliamentary channel BBC Parliament", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95d": " House", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95e": " four minutes", "572fc043a23a5019007fc960": " the Presiding Officer on the advice of the parliamentary bureau", "572fc043a23a5019007fc95f": " nominate speakers", "572fc043a23a5019007fc961": " balance of religious beliefs", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc80": " constituency or cabinet position, and hand clapping", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc81": " Scottish Parliament", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc82": " they are allowed to speak. Normally, the Presiding Officer tries to achieve a balance between different viewpoints and political parties", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc83": " Scottish Parliament", "572fc41f947a6a140053cc84": " Scottish Parliament", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccb": "5 pm", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccc": "Are we all agreed?\",", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccd": "Are we all agreed?\",", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76cce": " by the sounding of the division bell, which is heard throughout the Parliamentary campus and alerts MSP", "572fc49d04bcaa1900d76ccf": "5 pm", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8a": " MSPs", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8b": " MSPs", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8c": " MSPs", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8e": " MSPs", "572fc5a1947a6a140053cc8d": " allows Members to vote", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568447": "45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568449": " not a Scottish minister. Such motions are on issues which may be of interest to a particular area such as a member's own constituency", "572fc659b2c2fd1400568448": "45 minutes", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844a": " MSP", "572fc659b2c2fd140056844b": " MSP who is not a Scottish minister", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf5": " Scottish Parliament", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf6": " committees in the Scottish Parliament is to take evidence from witnesses, conduct inquiries and scrutinise legislation", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf7": " no revising chamber", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf8": " Scottish Parliament", "572fc6f204bcaa1900d76cf9": " Scottish Parliament", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d07": "Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d08": " MSPs, with membership reflecting the balance of parties across Parliament. There are different committees with their functions", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d09": " MSPs", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0a": "Committees", "572fc78d04bcaa1900d76d0b": "Committees comprise a small number of MSP", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d11": " fourth Session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d12": " one", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d13": "Subject Committees are established at the beginning of each parliamentary session", "572fc80b04bcaa1900d76d14": " Economy, Energy and Tourism; Education and Culture; Health and Sport", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d1f": " Private bills normally relate to large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property. Private Bill Committees", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d20": "ise private bills submitted to the Scottish Parliament", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d21": " Private bills normally relate to large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property. Private Bill Committees", "572fc8a904bcaa1900d76d22": " Private bills normally relate to large-scale development projects such as infrastructure projects that require the use of land or property. Private Bill Committees", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568473": " Scottish Parliament and delimits its legislative competence. The Scotland Act", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568474": " Queen Elizabeth II", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568475": " devolved competencies. For the purposes of parliamentary sovereignty, the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster continues to constitute the supreme legislature of Scotland", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568476": " Parliament of the United Kingdom and given royal assent by Queen Elizabeth II", "572fca7eb2c2fd1400568477": " Queen Elizabeth II", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f1": " Scotland", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f2": " borrowing powers and some other unconnected matters such as setting speed limits and control of air guns", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f3": " not explicitly stated in Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f4": "3 pence", "572fcb6da23a5019007fc9f5": " Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act as reserved matters. All matters that are not specifically reserved are automatically devolved to the Scottish Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847d": " foreign policy and relations with Europe, most aspects of transport safety and regulation, National Lottery, protection of borders, social security and stability of UK", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847e": " Westminster (and where Ministerial functions usually lie with UK Government ministers", "572fcc43b2c2fd140056847f": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", "572fcc43b2c2fd1400568480": "Reserved matters are subjects that are outside the legislative competence of the Scotland Parliament", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccda": " Bills pass through Parliament", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdb": " ministers in the governing party", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdc": " Scottish Parliament", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccdd": " ministers in the governing party", "572fcd86947a6a140053ccde": " by ministers", "572fce12a23a5019007fca11": "Stage 1 is the first, or introductory stage", "572fce13a23a5019007fca12": " Stage 1 usually takes place, initially, in the relevant committee or committees and is then submitted to the whole Parliament", "572fce13a23a5019007fca13": " Explanatory Notes", "572fce13a23a5019007fca14": " relevant committee", "572fce13a23a5019007fca15": " place, initially, in the relevant committee or committees and is then submitted to the whole Parliament", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd02": "Stage 3 is the final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd03": " two", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd04": "Stage 3 is the final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd05": "Stage 3 is the final stage of the bill and is considered at a meeting of the whole Parliament", "572fd1c4947a6a140053cd06": "3", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684a9": " Monarch", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684aa": " royal assent and it becomes an Act of the Scottish Parliament", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ab": " Act of the Scottish Parliament", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ac": " Acts of the Scottish Parliament", "572fd264b2c2fd14005684ad": "The Bill for this Act of the Scottish Parliament", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca55": " First Minister", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca57": " Junior ministers", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca56": " Junior ministers", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca58": " First Minister. Junior ministers", "572fd47fa23a5019007fca59": " Junior ministers", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76d9f": " May every four years (1999", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da0": " May every four years (1999", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da1": " Monarch", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da3": " May", "572fd6aa04bcaa1900d76da2": " six months", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd32": " MSPs", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd33": " MSPs", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd34": " MSPs", "572fd73e947a6a140053cd35": " MSPs", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3a": "General Question Time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3b": "11:40", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3c": "Parliamentary time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3d": "12 p.m. and 12:30 p.m. on Thursdays, when Parliament is sitting, First Minister's Question Time", "572fd7b8947a6a140053cd3e": " four", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684f9": "Constituency MSPs", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fb": "2005", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fa": "55,000", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fd": "Constituency MSPs\". Voters choose one member to represent the constituency, and the member with most votes is returned as a constituency MSP", "572fd8efb2c2fd14005684fc": "Constituency MSPs", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850b": " one plus the number of seats the party won in the region (at this point just constituency seats).", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850c": " d'Hond", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850d": " Parliament are allocated to parties proportionally to the number of votes received in the second vote", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850e": " d'Hondt", "572fda6fb2c2fd140056850f": " one plus the number of seats the party won in the region (at this point just constituency seats).", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851d": " disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament as elected MSPs", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851e": "1975 and the British Nationality Act 1981", "572fdb17b2c2fd140056851f": "18", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568520": " disqualified from sitting in the Scottish Parliament as elected MSPs", "572fdb17b2c2fd1400568521": " MSP. Such qualifications were introduced under the House of Commons Disqualification Act", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dd9": "151 votes", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76dda": " Labour, with many of their key figures not returned to parliament, although Labour leader Iain Gray", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddb": " eight seats", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddc": " eight", "572fdbb004bcaa1900d76ddd": "16 seats from Labour, with many of their key figures not returned to parliament, although Labour leader Iain Gray", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca93": " David McLetchie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca94": " David McLetchie, to the SNP. McLetchie was elected on the Lothian", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca95": " David McLetchie, to the SNP. McLetchie was elected on the Lothian", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca96": " David McLetchie", "572fdc34a23a5019007fca97": " David McLetchie", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9d": " the West Lothian", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9e": " West Lothian", "572fdd03a23a5019007fca9f": " the West Lothian", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa0": " West Lothian", "572fdd03a23a5019007fcaa1": " West Lothian", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8e": "Arabic", "572ff626947a6a140053ce8f": " Political Islam (Arabic: \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a", "572ff626947a6a140053ce90": " Political Islam (Arabic: \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a", "572ff626947a6a140053ce91": " Political Islam (Arabic: \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a", "572ff626947a6a140053ce92": " Political Islam", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568677": " democratic process include parties like the Tunisian Ennahda Movement", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568678": " Palestine", "572ff760b2c2fd1400568679": " socio-political and democratic Vanguard party but has also gained political influence through military coup d'\u00e9tat in past. The Islamist groups like Hezbollah in Lebanon", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867a": " democratic process", "572ff760b2c2fd140056867b": " Lebanon and Hamas in Palestine", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f65": "sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions,\" and rejection of Shia Islam", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f66": "Sunni pan-Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f67": "Sunni pan-Islamism", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f68": "sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions,\" and rejection of Shia Islam", "572ff86004bcaa1900d76f69": " eclipsed by the Salafi movement with its emphasis on \"sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd5": "Islamism", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd6": " supporters believe their views merely reflect Islam", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd7": " Fred Halliday", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd8": " Islam", "572ff932a23a5019007fcbd9": " Fred Halliday", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76f9f": " Islamists and believe in Islamism", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa0": "short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\", and it is quietist/non-political Islam", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa1": "short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\", and it is quietist/non-political Islam", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa2": "1945 and 1970", "572ffabf04bcaa1900d76fa3": "short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\", and it is quietist/non-political Islam", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee7": "what were thought to be at the time\u2014more dangerous leftist/communist/nationalist insurgents/op", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee6": "1970s", "572ffbaa947a6a140053ceea": "what were thought to be at the time\u2014more dangerous leftist/communist/nationalist", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee9": "/op", "572ffbaa947a6a140053cee8": " Western and pro-Western governments often supported sometimes fledgling Islamists", "572ffbaab2c2fd14005686cd": "what were thought to be at the time\u2014more dangerous leftist/communist/nationalist", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef6": " President Anwar Sadat", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef7": " Islamists from prison and welcomed home exiles", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef8": "imitated by many other Muslim leaders in the years that followed.\" This \"gentlemen's agreement\" between Sadat and Islam", "572ffc99947a6a140053cef9": "1990s", "572ffc99947a6a140053cefa": "imitated by many other Muslim leaders in the years that followed.\" This \"gentlemen's agreement\" between Sadat and Islamists", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc7": " Islam", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc8": " converted all, or even most Muslims to the Wahhabist interpretation of Islam", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fc9": " Salafism", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fca": " Saudi-interpretation of Islam", "572ffd9e04bcaa1900d76fcb": "The interpretation of Islam promoted by this funding was the strict, conservative Saudi-based Wahhabism", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686ef": "Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f2": " prohibitively costly dowry", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f0": "Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f3": "Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood", "572ffe6fb2c2fd14005686f1": " to avoid prohibitively costly dowry", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf14": " Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All India Muslim League", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf15": " Lahore", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf17": " Iq", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf16": "1908", "572ffee1947a6a140053cf18": " All India Muslim League", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686f9": " Hindu-majority population would crowd out Muslim heritage", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fa": " Egypt", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fb": "29 December 1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fc": "29 December 1930", "572fffb1b2c2fd14005686fd": " Muslim heritage", "5730005db2c2fd1400568703": " Maud", "5730005db2c2fd1400568704": " Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islam", "5730005db2c2fd1400568705": "1941", "5730005db2c2fd1400568706": " Britain, in Pakistan", "5730005db2c2fd1400568707": " Britain, in Pakistan", "57300137b2c2fd1400568717": " Maud", "57300137b2c2fd1400568718": " Islam", "57300137b2c2fd140056871a": " Britain, in Pakistan", "57300137b2c2fd140056871b": " Britain, in Pakistan", "57300200b2c2fd1400568729": "theo-democracy", "57300200b2c2fd140056872a": " Sharia, and Islam", "57300200b2c2fd140056872b": " tawhid (unity of God", "57300200b2c2fd140056872c": "theo-democracy", "57300200b2c2fd140056872d": " Sharia, and Islam", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77001": "1928", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77002": " Ismailiyah, Egypt", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77003": " Hassan", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77004": " Muslim Brotherhood", "5730035e04bcaa1900d77005": "the Qur'an", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4c": " Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqr", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4d": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4e": " Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqr", "5730040f947a6a140053cf4f": "1949", "5730040f947a6a140053cf50": " Al-Banna was assassinated in 1949 in retaliation for the assassination of Egypt's premier Mahmud Fami Naqr", "573004bf947a6a140053cf56": "Islamist\" (the Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party", "573004bf947a6a140053cf59": "75%", "573004bf947a6a140053cf57": "Islamist\" (the Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party, Salafi Al-Nour Party and liberal Islamist Al-Wasat Party", "573004bf947a6a140053cf58": "75% of the total seats. Mohamed Morsi, an Islamist democrat of Muslim Brotherhood", "573004bf947a6a140053cf5a": " Mohamed Morsi, an Islamist democrat of Muslim Brotherhood", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6a": " blamed on the secular Arab nationalism", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6b": " Arab Muslim world. The defeat along with economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6c": " economic stagnation in the defeated countries, was blamed on the secular Arab nationalism", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6d": " Ba'athism", "573005b9947a6a140053cf6e": " blamed on the secular Arab nationalism", "5730088e947a6a140053cfad": " Sunni Islamic", "5730088e947a6a140053cfac": " Mohammad Iq", "5730088e947a6a140053cfae": " Islam", "5730088e947a6a140053cfaf": " Mohammad Iq", "5730088e947a6a140053cfb0": " Ali for restoration of Sharia law", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b7": "The Islamic Republic", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b9": " Sunni \"Arab street,\" due to its support for Hezbollah and to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770b8": " Sunni \"Arab street,\" due to its support for Hezbollah and to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770ba": "2006", "57300e2604bcaa1900d770bb": " President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", "57300ec0947a6a140053d004": " Soviet Union", "57300ec0947a6a140053d005": " suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime", "57300ec0947a6a140053d006": " suppress an Islamic rebellion against an allied Marxist regime", "57300ec0947a6a140053d007": "mujahideen)", "57300ec0947a6a140053d008": "16,000 to 35,000", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d1": " Saudi Arabian soil", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d2": " Saudi monarchy", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d3": " Saudi monarchy", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d4": " Saudi Arabian soil", "57300f8504bcaa1900d770d5": " Saudi monarchy", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d7": " Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d9": " Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace", "573010fab2c2fd14005687d8": " Egypt", "573010fab2c2fd14005687da": " Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli peace process", "573010fab2c2fd14005687db": " Saddam's defeat either, since American troops remained stationed in the kingdom, and a de facto cooperation with the Palestinian-Israeli", "573011de04bcaa1900d770f9": " Qutb in the mid-1960s (particularly the manifesto Milestones, a.k.a. Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fa": "1966", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fb": " Qutb in the mid-1960s (particularly the manifesto Milestones, a.k.a. Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fc": " Qutb in the mid-1960s (particularly the manifesto Milestones, a.k.a. Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq", "573011de04bcaa1900d770fd": "1966", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd09": " Muhammad Abd al-Sala", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0a": "1981", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0b": " Anwar Sadat", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0c": "apostate", "5730126ba23a5019007fcd0d": " Muhammad Abd al-Sala", "5730131c947a6a140053d052": " Islamic Liberation Party", "5730131c947a6a140053d053": " al-Gama'a al-Islami", "5730131c947a6a140053d055": "1990s", "5730131c947a6a140053d054": " Egyptian state", "5730131c947a6a140053d056": " al-Gama", "5730208fa23a5019007fcded": " mosques", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdee": " Muslim Brotherhood", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdef": " Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's \"indulgence\" to build up a network of mosques", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf1": " First Palestine Intifada", "5730208fa23a5019007fcdf0": " Palestine", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f7": "Hamas", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f8": "542 people in 140 suicide", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688f9": "542 people in 140 suicide bombing or \"martyrdom", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fa": "140 suicide bombing or \"martyrdom operations\". In the January 2006", "573020f7b2c2fd14005688fb": "542 people in 140 suicide bombing or \"martyrdom", "57302700a23a5019007fce89": " Hassan al-Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8a": " Hassan al-Turabi", "57302700a23a5019007fce8b": " cadre of influential loyalists", "57302700a23a5019007fce8c": " cadre of influential loyalists", "57302700a23a5019007fce8d": " foreign Islamist banking systems", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9d": "1985 the party did poorly in national elections, but in 1989", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9e": " southern Sudan", "573027d6a23a5019007fce9f": " sharia law", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea0": " al-Nimeiry", "573027d6a23a5019007fcea1": " post-al-Nimeiry", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77270": " Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood, was the FIS or Front Islam", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726f": "1991", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726e": " Algeria", "5730285a04bcaa1900d7726d": " Salafism and the jihad in Afghanistan, as well as the Muslim Brotherhood, was the FIS or Front Islam", "5730285a04bcaa1900d77271": " Salafism", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77287": " mujahdeen founded the Islamic State of Afghanistan", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77288": " Soviet Union in the 1980s did not lead to justice and prosperity, due to a vicious and destructive civil war", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728a": "1980s", "573028fa04bcaa1900d77289": " Soviet Union", "573028fa04bcaa1900d7728b": "80%", "57302a3aa23a5019007fcecf": " Deobandi movement established for impoverished Afghan refugees and supported by governmental and religious groups", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced0": " Pakistan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced1": " Sharia", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced2": " impoverished Afghan", "57302a3aa23a5019007fced3": " the thousands of madrasahs the Deobandi", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772af": " July 1977", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b0": " Islamists", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b1": " Islamists", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b2": " Ali Bhutto", "57302ad804bcaa1900d772b3": " July 1977", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689db": " Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dc": " Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist extremist militant group which is led by and mainly composed of Sunni Arabs", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689de": " ten million", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689df": "Islamic State of Iraq", "57302bd0b2c2fd14005689dd": " Daesh by its many detractors), is a Wahhabi/Salafi jihadist", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d7": " March 2011", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d8": "1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772da": " human rights abuses and war", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772d9": "1999, it pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in 2004, participated in the Iraqi insurgency that followed the March 2003", "57302cd004bcaa1900d772db": "Originating as the Jama'at al-Tawhid wal", "57302e45947a6a140053d22e": " Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk", "57302e45947a6a140053d22f": "7th century, but with the abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate in 1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d230": "1924", "57302e45947a6a140053d231": " Turkish modernist Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk", "57302e45947a6a140053d232": " Caliphate", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f5": " democratic system", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f6": " through \"ideological struggle\" to change Muslim public opinion, and in particular through elites", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f7": "HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system, but works to take power through \"ideological struggle\" to change Muslim", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f8": " Egypt", "57302efe04bcaa1900d772f9": "HT does not engage in armed jihad or work for a democratic system", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77311": " over 900,000", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77312": " strong Islamist outlook. Their presence, combined with a perceived British policy", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77313": "2007", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77314": " incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists", "57302faa04bcaa1900d77315": " incitement to terrorism which has caused many Islamists", "57303048947a6a140053d254": "2001", "57303048947a6a140053d255": " State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism and jihadism", "57303048947a6a140053d256": " Defense Secretary Robert Gates", "57303048947a6a140053d257": " State Department. There have been calls to create an independent agency in the U.S. with a specific mission of undermining Islamism", "57303048947a6a140053d258": " Islamism", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c6": " Latin word \"imperium", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c7": "imperium", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4c9": "Imperialism", "573060b48ab72b1400f9c4ca": "imperium", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf7": "Imperialism is defined as \"A policy of extending a country\u2019s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.\" Imperialism", "573062662461fd1900a9cdf8": "formal\" or \"informal\" imperialisms. \"Formal imperialism\" is defined as \"physical control or full-fledged colonial rule", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfa": "Imperialism is defined as \"A policy of extending a country\u2019s power and influence through diplomacy or military force.\" Imperialism", "573062662461fd1900a9cdfb": "formal\" or \"informal\" imperialisms. \"Formal imperialism\" is defined as \"physical control or full-fledged colonial rule", "57306797396df919000960ee": "formal\" and \"informal\" imperialism, the first meaning physical control or \"full-fledged colonial rule", "57306797396df919000960ef": " technological superiority", "57306797396df919000960f0": " technological superiority", "57306797396df919000960f2": "formal\" and \"informal\" imperialism, the first meaning physical control or \"full-fledged colonial rule", "57306797396df919000960f1": "formal\" and \"informal\" imperialism, the first meaning physical control or \"full-fledged colonial rule\" while the second implied", "573081c2069b531400832133": " Latin word imperium", "573081c2069b531400832134": " Geopolitics", "573081c2069b531400832135": " Geopolitics", "573081c2069b531400832136": " sea\". Some of the main aspects of trade that went overseas consisted of animals and plant products. European empires in Asia and Africa", "573081c2069b531400832137": " Latin word imperium", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6d": "colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6e": "colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce6f": "imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce70": " Robert Young", "573083dc2461fd1900a9ce71": "imperialism\" is often conflated with \"colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54c": "Imperialism and colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54d": " illustrate the difference between the two. Although imperialism and colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54e": " by conquering the other state's lands and therefore increasing its own dominance. Colonialism is the builder and preserver", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c550": "Imperialism and colonialism", "573085ea8ab72b1400f9c54f": " illustrate the difference between the two. Although imperialism and colonialism", "5730876a396df9190009617a": " the defense and justification", "5730876a396df9190009617c": "Social Darwinism", "5730876a396df9190009617b": " Great Britain needed to be one of the greatest imperialists and therefore justified imperialism. The purportedly scientific nature of \"Social Darwinism", "5730876a396df9190009617d": " J. A. Hobson", "5730876a396df9190009617e": " defense and justification of empire", "573088da069b53140083216b": " Europe", "573088da069b53140083216c": " Europe", "573088da069b53140083216d": " Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Halford Mackinder of Britain", "573088da069b53140083216e": " Friedrich Ratzel of Germany and Half", "573088da069b53140083216f": " tales", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c576": " Ellen Churchill", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c577": " tropical environments created uncivilized", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c578": " Edward Said\u2019s Orientalism as the west\u2019s construction of the east as the \u201cother\u201d. According to Siad, orientalism", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c579": " tropical environments created uncivilized people", "57308cf88ab72b1400f9c57a": " European guidance. For instance, American geographer Ellen Churchill Semple argued that even though human beings originated in the tropics", "57308ddc396df919000961a5": " generalizable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a7": " eighteenth century", "57308ddc396df919000961a4": "izable to the policies and practices of the British Empire", "57308ddc396df919000961a6": "during the last generation, and proceeds rather by diagnosis than by historical description\". British imperialism often used the concept of Terra nullius", "57308ddc396df919000961a8": " British Empire", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c580": " Edward Said, refers to how the West developed an imaginative geography of the East. This imaginative geography relies on an essentializing discourse that represents neither the diversity", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c581": " increased", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c582": "Orientalism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c583": " East and making it known to the West so that it could be dominated and controlled. The discourse of Orientalism", "57308f6b8ab72b1400f9c584": "Orientalism", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58a": "contributed to empire by promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of French and British power into West Africa", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58b": "contributed to empire by promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of French and British power into West Africa", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58c": "contributed to empire by promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of French and British power into West Africa", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58d": "contributed to empire by promoting, assisting, and legitimizing the extension of French and British power into West Africa\".", "5730909d8ab72b1400f9c58e": " Bassett focuses his analysis of the role of nineteenth-century", "573092088ab72b1400f9c595": " pre-Columbian era also had large empires such as the Aztec Empire and the Incan Empire", "573092088ab72b1400f9c594": "Imperialism has played an important role in the histories of Japan, Korea, the Assyrian Empire", "573092088ab72b1400f9c597": " Korea", "573092088ab72b1400f9c598": " Byzantine Empire", "573092088ab72b1400f9c596": " histories of Japan", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5ae": " Cold War", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5af": " opulent American lifestyles", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b0": " opulent American lifestyles", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b1": " opulent American lifestyles", "573093598ab72b1400f9c5b2": " Dallas during the Cold War changed the expectations of Romanians; a more recent example is the influence of smuggled South Korean drama", "57309446396df919000961b8": "1700", "57309446396df919000961b9": "Age of Imperialism", "57309446396df919000961ba": " around 1700", "57309446396df919000961bb": "18th century", "57309446396df919000961bc": "Age of Imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a5": "1919\u20131980) and Ronald Robinson (1920\u20131999", "57309564069b5314008321a6": "1919\u20131980", "57309564069b5314008321a7": "imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a8": "imperialism", "57309564069b5314008321a9": " John Gallagher", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d2": " economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d4": " mid-18th century", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d3": " economic growth", "573098f38ab72b1400f9c5d5": " collecting resources from colonies, in combination with assuming political control by military", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dc": " leather shields (e.g. the Zulus in Southern Africa", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5dd": " arrows, swords, and leather shields (e.g. the Zulus in Southern Africa", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5de": " leather", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5df": " Zulus in Southern Africa", "573099ee8ab72b1400f9c5e0": " European chemists", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e6": " Joseph Chamberlain", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e7": " late 1870s", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e8": "Imperialism", "57309bfb8ab72b1400f9c5e9": " Christopher Columbus", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c600": " political theorists", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c602": "1858\u20131940), Joseph Schumpeter (1883\u20131950), Thorstein Veblen (1857\u20131929", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c601": "1872\u20131967", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c603": " political theorists", "57309ef18ab72b1400f9c604": " by such theorists as J. A. Hobson (1858\u20131940),", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60a": "The concept environmental determinism", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60b": " orientalism and tropicality", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60c": " behaviours were determined by the environment in which they lived and thus validated their domination. For example, people living in tropical environments", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60d": " orientalism and tropicality", "5730a0778ab72b1400f9c60e": " orientalism and tropicality", "5730a314069b5314008321eb": " tropical climates", "5730a314069b5314008321ec": " orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ed": " social structure", "5730a314069b5314008321ee": " orientalism", "5730a314069b5314008321ef": " Mid-Atlantic temperate climate", "5730a40f396df91900096234": "1767", "5730a40f396df91900096235": "1767", "5730a40f396df91900096236": " Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096237": " chartered by Queen Elizabeth", "5730a40f396df91900096238": " British East India Company", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf29": "1830", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2a": "1830 but began in earnest to rebuild its worldwide empire after 1850", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2d": " North and West Africa", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2b": " North and West Africa", "5730a4d02461fd1900a9cf2c": "1830", "5730a951069b531400832213": " French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture", "5730a951069b531400832214": "The higher races have a right over the lower races, they have a duty to civilize the inferior\". Full citizenship", "5730a951069b531400832215": " a civilising mission: \"The higher races have a right over the lower races", "5730a951069b531400832216": " colonialism", "5730a951069b531400832217": " lift the world up to French standards", "5730aa52069b53140083221d": " Algeria", "5730aa52069b53140083221e": " Charles de Gaulle, decided to grant Algeria independence", "5730aa52069b53140083221f": " Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832220": " Algeria", "5730aa52069b531400832221": " liberate France", "5730ab63396df91900096260": " Scandinavia and northern Europe", "5730ab63396df91900096263": " real systemic continuity", "5730ab63396df91900096261": " late antiquity, conquering Celtic and other peoples; and by 800 CE", "5730ab63396df91900096262": " Western Roman Empire to its German successor", "5730ab63396df91900096264": " Germanic tribes", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf73": " Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf74": " late 19th century", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf75": " late 19th century", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf77": " Austria", "5730ac782461fd1900a9cf76": " Germany\u2019s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c682": " German prestige", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c683": " German prestige", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c685": "1883", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c684": " Bismarck was aware that public opinion had started to demand colonies for reasons of German prestige", "5730aef38ab72b1400f9c686": " Hamburg merchants", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa4": " Thai/Japanese alliance", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa3": "1894", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa6": " Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia", "5730b1022461fd1900a9cfa5": " Manchuria from China. During the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Japan's military invaded central China", "5730b255396df919000962b0": "Bolshevik leaders", "5730b255396df919000962b1": "1923", "5730b255396df919000962b2": " Never formally revoked, it stopped being implemented after 1932. After World War II, the Soviet Union", "5730b255396df919000962b3": " Lenin in particular asserted the right to limited self-determination for national minorities", "5730b255396df919000962b4": "Bolshevik leaders", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc5": " capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc6": " Joseph Stalin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc9": " Joseph Stalin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc8": " Joseph Stalin", "5730b4282461fd1900a9cfc7": "socialism", "5730b541396df919000962c2": " mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c3": "1776", "5730b541396df919000962c5": " mercantilism", "5730b541396df919000962c4": "1776", "5730b541396df919000962c6": "1776", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfcf": " Joseph Chamberlain", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd0": " Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd2": " Joseph Chamberlain and Lord Rosebury, and implemented in Africa by Cecil Rhodes. The pseudo-sciences of Social Darwinism", "5730b6592461fd1900a9cfd1": " Asia and the Middle East. The British spirit of imperialism was expressed by Joseph Chamberlain", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c3": " US annexation of the Philippines and Cuba", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c4": " Theodore Roosevelt", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c6": " Monroe Doctrine", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c5": " US annexation of the Philippines and Cuba", "5730b7ce069b5314008322c7": " US annexation of the Philippines and Cuba", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c704": " Woodrow Wilson", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c705": "1914", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c706": " Woodrow Wilson", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c707": " President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference", "5730b8ca8ab72b1400f9c708": " Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d011": " colonialism", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d012": "internal colonialism", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d013": "12 to 15 million", "5730bb522461fd1900a9d015": " Edward Said", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73c": "1299 to 1923", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73d": " Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73e": "32", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c73f": " Sule", "5730bc308ab72b1400f9c740": "1299 to 1923", "5730bd00069b5314008322d7": " lands around the Mediterranean basin", "5730bd00069b5314008322d9": " Germany", "5730bd00069b5314008322db": " lands around the Mediterranean basin", "5730bd00069b5314008322da": " Germany", "5730982f396df919000961e2": " United Methodist Church", "5730982f396df919000961e3": "UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination", "5730982f396df919000961e4": "1968", "5730982f396df919000961e5": " John and Charles Wesley", "5730982f396df919000961e6": "UMC) is a mainline Protestant Methodist denomination", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee5": " United Methodist Church", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee6": "80 million", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee7": " World Council", "573098c12461fd1900a9cee8": "80 million", "57309921396df919000961f6": " mid-18th century", "57309921396df919000961f7": " Oxford University campus", "57309921396df919000961f8": " members of the Church of England", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef7": "1735", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef8": " American Indians in the colony of Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cef9": " American Indians in the colony of Georgia", "573099f42461fd1900a9cefa": " Christian faith", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9ceff": " Lovely Lane Methodist Church", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf00": "1784", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf01": " John Wesley", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf02": " Lovely Lane Methodist Church", "57309a6c2461fd1900a9cf03": " John Wesley", "57309adb396df919000961fc": "St. George's United Methodist Church", "57309adb396df919000961fd": "St. George's United Methodist Church", "57309adb396df919000961fe": "1767", "57309adb396df919000961ff": " Dock Street", "57309adb396df91900096200": "1767", "57309cd6069b5314008321c3": "Richard Allen and Absalom Jones", "57309cd6069b5314008321c4": " Benjamin Franklin Bridge. The case resulted in the bridge being relocated. Historic St Georges welcomes visitors and is home to archives and a museum on Methodism", "57309cd6069b5314008321c5": "1836", "57309d31396df91900096210": "220 years since 1784", "57309d31396df91900096211": " because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops", "57309d31396df91900096212": "1784", "57309d31396df91900096213": " because of tensions over slavery and the power of bishops", "5730a97a396df9190009625a": " April 23, 1968", "5730a97a396df9190009625b": " Dallas, Texas", "5730a97a396df9190009625c": " Bishop Lloyd Christ", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6d": " Nicene Creed", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6e": " Chalcedonian Creed of the Council of Chalcedon. It upholds the concept of the \"visible and invisible Church", "5730a9fa2461fd1900a9cf6f": "The United Methodist Church", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64e": " apostolic succession", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c650": " Dr. Thomas Coke", "5730aaa88ab72b1400f9c64f": " Dr. Thomas Coke", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c655": "1968", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c654": " John Wesley and Charles Wesley", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c656": " John Wesley and Charles Wesley", "5730ab288ab72b1400f9c657": " John Wesley and Charles Wesley", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c670": " power which enables us to love and motivates", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c672": "goes before\" us, is given to all people. It is that power which enables us to love and motivates", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c671": "goes before\" us, is given to all people. It is that power which enables us to love and motivates", "5730ac6b8ab72b1400f9c673": " God to turn us from our sin-corrupted", "5730aeba069b531400832241": " conversion, \"accepting Jesus", "5730aeba069b531400832242": " conversion, \"accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior,\"", "5730aeba069b531400832243": " conversion, \"accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior,\"", "5730aeba069b531400832244": " conversion, \"accepting Jesus as your personal Lord and Savior,\" or being \"born again\". John Wesley", "5730aeba069b531400832245": " conversion, \"accepting Jesus", "5730afed069b53140083225f": " strength, and a genuine love of our neighbors as ourselves. Sanctifying grace enables us to respond to God by leading a Spirit-filled and Christ-like life", "5730afed069b531400832260": " Luther and Calvin", "5730afed069b531400832261": " strength, and a genuine love of our neighbors as ourselves. Sanctifying grace enables us to respond to God by leading a Spirit-filled and Christ-like life", "5730afed069b531400832262": " Luther and Calvin", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c696": " Arminian theology", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c697": "Wesleyan theology", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c698": "Wesleyan theology", "5730b07c8ab72b1400f9c699": "Wesleyan theology", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69f": "2008", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c69e": "assist[ing] the ministry of crisis pregnancy centers and pregnancy resource", "5730b10b8ab72b1400f9c6a0": "assist[ing] the ministry of crisis pregnancy", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6ae": "Governmental laws", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6af": "Governmental laws and regulations", "5730b1e28ab72b1400f9c6b0": " The General Board of Church and Society", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfad": " Taskforce of United Methodists", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfae": "2012", "5730b2312461fd1900a9cfaf": " Rev. Paul T. Stallsworth", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb3": " abstain from alcohol for Lent", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb6": "2011 and 2012", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb4": " General Board of Church and Society called on all United Methodists", "5730b2ac2461fd1900a9cfb5": " abstain", "5730b54c069b53140083228d": " reason for taking human life", "5730b54c069b53140083228e": " bishops", "5730b54c069b53140083228f": " bishops", "5730b54c069b531400832290": " United Methodist Church", "5730b5cc396df919000962d2": " Rev. Jimmy Creech was defrocked after a highly publicized church trial", "5730b5cc396df919000962d3": "1999", "5730b5cc396df919000962d4": "1999", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd7": " The United Methodist Church", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd8": " The United Methodist Church \"implore", "5730b6bd2461fd1900a9cfd9": " voting in favor of same-gender marriages", "5730b776069b5314008322bd": "1987", "5730b776069b5314008322be": "1987", "5730b776069b5314008322bf": " transgender pastors, and therefore some regional conferences have voted to recognize ordained transgender pastors. The Baltimore-Washington Conference", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cff9": " military conscription", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffa": " United Methodist Church opposes", "5730b9852461fd1900a9cffb": " military conscription", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70e": " Christ", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c70f": " brutal suppression of human rights, and unprovoked international aggression", "5730b9dc8ab72b1400f9c710": " a last resort in the prevention of such evils as genocide, brutal suppression of human rights, and unprovoked international aggression", "5730bdfe396df9190009630e": " United Methodist Church teaches", "5730bdfe396df9190009630f": "about violence, degradation, exploitation, and coercion\" and \"deplore", "5730bdfe396df91900096310": " Persons who are addicted to pornography are physiologically altered, as is their perspective, relationships with parishioners", "5730bf03069b5314008322eb": " IV", "5730bf03069b5314008322ed": " IVF", "5730bf03069b5314008322ec": " IV", "5730c059069b531400832305": " Sunday Service", "5730c059069b531400832306": " Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America. Wesley's Sunday", "5730c059069b531400832307": " Church of England", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc46": " Africa", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc47": " healing services, while exorcism is an occasional practice by some clergy in The United Methodist Church in Africa", "5730c52fb54a4f140068cc48": " healing services, while exorcism is an occasional practice by some clergy in The United Methodist Church in Africa", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4c": " John Wesley", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4d": " James UMC\"). Methodists", "5730c6d3b54a4f140068cc4e": " James UMC\"). Methodists", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc52": " General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc54": " General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc55": " General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc53": " General Conference", "5730c737b54a4f140068cc56": " eight years unless passed again by a subsequent session of General Conference", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa7": " five", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa8": " seven", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aa9": " elect and appoint bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aaa": " Bishops", "5730c810aca1c71400fe5aab": " Northeastern, Southeastern, North Central, South Central and Western. Outside the United States the church is divided into seven central conferences: Africa, Congo", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449c": " the Mission Council", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449d": " Mission Council", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449e": "36 acres (150,000", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e2449f": " made by the Mission Council", "5730c8a1f6cb411900e244a0": " Southern Methodist", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac2": " nine", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac1": " General Conference", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac3": " eight years", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac4": " nine", "5730ca6eaca1c71400fe5ac5": " Book of Discipline between sessions of General Conference", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154a": " Annual Conference", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154b": " geographical area it covers as well as the frequency of meeting. Clergy are members of their Annual Conference", "5730cb0fb7151e1900c0154c": " Anglican Communion and the Roman Catholic Church", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c2": " guidebook for local churches and pastors and describes in considerable detail the organizational structure of local United Methodist churches", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c3": "The Book of Discipline is the guidebook for local churches and pastors and describes in considerable detail the organizational structure of local United Methodist churches", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c4": "The Book of Discipline is the guidebook for local churches and pastors and describes in considerable detail the organizational structure of local United Methodist churches", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c5": " Book of Discipline is the guidebook for local churches and pastors and describes in considerable detail the organizational structure of local United Methodist churches", "5730cb8df6cb411900e244c6": " Book of Discipline is the guidebook for local churches and pastors", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc66": " three hundred sixty", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc67": " three hundred sixty", "5730cc2cb54a4f140068cc68": " International Association", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc94": " John Wesley", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc95": " American Revolution which isolated the Methodists in the States from the Church of England", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc96": " Church of England", "5730d26fb54a4f140068cc97": " Church of England", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af5": " Area Prov", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af6": " one year", "5730d3adaca1c71400fe5af7": " Annual Conference Cabinet", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155a": "Elders", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155b": "lders", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155c": "2", "5730d473b7151e1900c0155d": "lders", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b03": "2\u20133 years", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b04": " Deacons assist elders", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b05": " Deacons", "5730d523aca1c71400fe5b06": " Word, contribute in worship, conduct marriages, bury the dead, and aid the church in embodying its mission within the world. Deacons assist elders", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d6": "1996", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d7": " \"provisional elder\" or \"provisional deacon", "5730d597f6cb411900e244d8": "provisional elder", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01562": "Licensed Local Pastor", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01563": " Local Pastors", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01564": " five", "5730d6fcb7151e1900c01565": "Licensed Local Pastor", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dc": " Professing Members", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244dd": " through confirmation and sometimes the profession of faith", "5730d77ef6cb411900e244de": " United Methodist Church", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fc": " UMC. The Book of Discipline of the United Methodist Church", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fd": " generally reserved for youth, while some variation on membership class", "5730de74f6cb411900e244fe": " Book of Discipline", "5730de74f6cb411900e244ff": " younger person", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b61": " local church lay servant, they must be recommended by their pastor and Church Council or Charge Conference", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b62": " certified lay servant, they must be recommended by their pastor and Church Council or Charge Conference", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b63": " certified lay servant, they must be recommended by their pastor and Church Council or Charge Conference", "5730e936aca1c71400fe5b64": " two", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b73": " Christian Church", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b74": " National Council", "5730e9f4aca1c71400fe5b75": " Churches", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce4": "2000", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce5": "2000 to carry out work on such a merger. In May 2012", "5730ea71b54a4f140068cce6": "2000", "5730eb5b497a881900248a3f": "11 million members in nearly 42,000", "5730eb5b497a881900248a40": "11 million members in nearly 42,000", "5730eb5b497a881900248a41": "11 million members in nearly 42,000", "5730eb5b497a881900248a42": "11 million members in nearly 42,000", "5730eb5b497a881900248a43": " United Methodist Church", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae5": "10%.", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae6": "10%.", "5730ebe0a5e9cc1400cdbae7": "10%.", "5730ec85e6313a140071caba": " John Wesley", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabb": " UMC is also a member of the Wesleyan Holiness Consortium", "5730ec85e6313a140071cabc": " July 18, 2006", "5733cf61d058e614000b62e9": "1754\u20131763", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ea": " Great Britain", "5733cf61d058e614000b62eb": "60,000", "5733cf61d058e614000b62ec": "60,000", "5733cff84776f419006612b4": " Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5733cff84776f419006612b5": " a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny", "5733cff84776f419006612b6": " May 1754", "5733d13e4776f419006612c4": " July 9, 1755", "5733d13e4776f419006612c5": " Braddock was a disaster", "5733d13e4776f419006612c6": " settlers", "5733d13e4776f419006612c7": " General Edward Braddock, the newly arrived British Army commander, and planned a four-way attack on the French", "5733d13e4776f419006612c8": " General Edward Braddock, the newly arrived British Army", "5733d249d058e614000b6331": " William Pitt", "5733d249d058e614000b6332": "1758 and 1760", "5733d249d058e614000b6333": " France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France. France", "5733d249d058e614000b6334": " New France. France", "5733d2dbd058e614000b6339": " France", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633a": " Florida", "5733d2dbd058e614000b633b": " France ceded its territory east of the Mississippi to Great Britain. It ceded French Louisiana", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ea": "1740s", "5733d3cb4776f419006612eb": " multiple names. In British America, wars were often named after the sitting British monarch", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ec": " multiple names. In British America, wars were often named after the sitting British monarch", "5733d3cb4776f419006612ed": " King William's War or Queen Anne", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6353": " Seven Years' War", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6354": " six years", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6355": "1756 to the signing of the peace treaty in 1763", "5733d4c8d058e614000b6356": " Seven Years' War", "5733d5704776f4190066130e": "75,000", "5733d5704776f4190066130f": " New Orleans, Biloxi, Mississippi, Mobile, Alabama and small settlements in the Illinois Country, hugging the east side of the Mississippi River", "5733d5704776f41900661310": " New Orleans", "5733d68ed058e614000b637f": "1.5 million", "5733d68ed058e614000b6380": " Nova Scotia and Newfoundland", "5733d68ed058e614000b6381": " Nova Scotia and Newfoundland", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ab": " Father Le Loutre's War and still held sway in parts of Nova Scotia", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ac": " Father Le Loutre's War and still held sway in parts of Nova Scotia", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ad": " Father Le Loutre's War and still held sway in parts of Nova Scotia", "5733d7cbd058e614000b63ae": " Abenaki were engaged in Father Le Loutre", "5733da01d058e614000b63f9": " Iroquois Six Nations", "5733da01d058e614000b63fa": " Treaty of Easton, in which a number of tribes in the Ohio Country", "5733da01d058e614000b63fb": " Siouan", "5733dab4d058e614000b6409": "3,000", "5733dab4d058e614000b640a": "3,000", "5733dab4d058e614000b640b": "3,000 troupes", "5733db8dd058e614000b6428": " Lake Ontario", "5733db8dd058e614000b6429": "C\u00e9loron", "5733db8dd058e614000b642a": " about 200 Troupes", "5733dc95d058e614000b644a": "Old Briton\".", "5733dc95d058e614000b644b": " Logstown", "5733dc95d058e614000b644c": "Old Briton\".", "5733dc95d058e614000b644d": "Old Briton", "5733dd4f4776f419006613aa": "All I can say is that the Natives of these localities are very badly disposed", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ab": " through raiding parties", "5733dd4f4776f419006613ac": " through raiding parties", "5733e5a14776f4190066145b": "1749", "5733e5a14776f4190066145c": " Pennsylvania", "5733e5a14776f4190066145d": " Pennsylvania, both colonies began pushing for action to improve their respective claims. In 1750 Christopher Gist", "5733e5a14776f4190066145e": " Ohio Company of Virginia for the purpose of developing trade and settlements in the Ohio Country", "5733e5a14776f4190066145f": " Pennsylvania", "5733e771d058e614000b6545": " King George's War) formally ended in 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", "5733e771d058e614000b6546": " King George's War) formally ended in 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", "5733e771d058e614000b6547": " King George's War) formally ended in 1748 with the signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle", "5733e771d058e614000b6548": "1748", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a6": " Charles le Moyne", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a7": "14", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a8": " Charles le Moyne", "5733e8ae4776f419006614a9": " Charles le Moyne", "5733ea04d058e614000b6594": " Paul Marin de la Malgue", "5733ea04d058e614000b6595": " Fort Le Boe", "5733ea04d058e614000b6596": " Fort Le Boe", "5733ea04d058e614000b6597": " Paul Marin de la Malgue was given command of a 2,000", "5733ea04d058e614000b6598": " Marin constructed and garrisoned forts. He first constructed Fort Presque Isle (near present-day Erie, Pennsylvania) on Lake Erie", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cc": "He who does great things.\" He spoke their languages and had become a respected honorary member of the Iroquois Confederacy", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cd": " Warraghig", "5733eb34d058e614000b65ce": "He who does great things.\" He spoke their languages and had become a respected honorary member of the Iroquois Confederacy", "5733eb34d058e614000b65cf": " William Johnson", "5733ef47d058e614000b662b": " Ohio", "5733ef47d058e614000b662c": " Robert Dinwiddie", "5733ef47d058e614000b662d": " Robert Dinwiddie", "5733ef47d058e614000b662e": " October 1753", "5733f062d058e614000b6633": " Legardeur", "5733f062d058e614000b6634": " Over dinner, Washington presented Saint-Pierre with the letter from Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country", "5733f062d058e614000b6635": " Over dinner, Washington presented Saint-Pierre with the letter from Dinwiddie demanding an immediate French withdrawal from the Ohio Country", "5733f062d058e614000b6636": " retire, I do not think myself obliged to obey it.\"", "5733f1784776f41900661575": "40", "5733f1784776f41900661576": " April 5, 1754", "5733f1784776f41900661577": " Fort Duquesne", "5733f309d058e614000b6648": " assist Trent", "5733f309d058e614000b6649": " Battle of Jumonville Glen", "5733f309d058e614000b664a": " to lead a larger force to assist Trent", "5733f410d058e614000b6663": " France well before Braddock's departure for North America. In response, King Louis XV dispatched six regiments to New France under the command of Baron Dies", "5733f410d058e614000b6664": " February 1755", "5733f410d058e614000b6665": " England in August. After several months of negotiations, the government of the Duke of Newcastle decided to send an army expedition the following year to dislodge", "5733f410d058e614000b6666": " blockade French", "5733f5264776f419006615a3": " Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a4": " opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress", "5733f5264776f419006615a5": " formalize a unified front in trade", "5733f5264776f419006615a6": " opening of hostilities was the convening of the Albany Congress", "5733f5f24776f419006615c1": " George Washington", "5733f5f24776f419006615c2": "1,000", "5733f5f24776f419006615c3": "1,000", "5733f5f24776f419006615c4": " Fort Duquesne", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66a9": " Shirley and Johnson", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66aa": " Shirley and Johnson", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ab": " Fort Bull", "5733f7b9d058e614000b66ac": " Shirley", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f7": " New France", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f8": " about the extended supply line to the forts on the Ohio, and had sent Baron Dies", "5733f8dc4776f419006615f9": " New France's governor, the Marquis de Vaudre", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fa": " Fronten", "5733f8dc4776f419006615fb": " Fronten", "5733f9fa4776f4190066161f": " Charles Lawrence", "5733f9fa4776f41900661620": " at Petitcod", "5733f9fa4776f41900661621": " Nova Scotia", "5733faaf4776f4190066162f": " Braddock, William Shirley assumed command of British forces", "5733faaf4776f41900661630": " Albany", "5733faaf4776f41900661631": " Lake Ontario", "5733faaf4776f41900661632": " North America", "5733fb7bd058e614000b66ff": " Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6700": " Lord Loudoun, with Major General James Abercrombie", "5733fb7bd058e614000b6701": " January 1756", "5733fc6ed058e614000b670f": " Ohio valley", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6710": "45,000 pounds of gunpowder. They set back any British hopes for campaigns on Lake Ontario", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6711": "45,000", "5733fc6ed058e614000b6712": " Shirley had erected at the Oneida Carry", "5733fd66d058e614000b6735": " Abercrombie", "5733fd66d058e614000b6736": " Albany", "5733fd66d058e614000b6737": " Albany", "5733fd66d058e614000b6738": " inertia", "5733fe73d058e614000b673d": " Nova Scotia", "5733fe73d058e614000b673e": " Nova Scotia", "5733fe73d058e614000b673f": " William Pitt", "5733fe73d058e614000b6740": " New France", "5733ffa7d058e614000b674f": " harassed Fort William Henry throughout the first half of 1757. In January they ambushed British rangers near Ticonder", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6750": " Ticonder", "5733ffa7d058e614000b6751": " Ticonder", "57340111d058e614000b677d": " poor harvest in 1757, a difficult winter", "57340111d058e614000b677e": "bad medicine", "57340111d058e614000b677f": " New France", "5734025d4776f419006616c3": " Loudoun. He had been replaced by Abercrombie", "5734025d4776f419006616c4": " Loudoun. He had been replaced by Abercrombie", "5734025d4776f419006616c5": " European theater", "5734025d4776f419006616c6": " three", "573403394776f419006616dd": "18,000", "573403394776f419006616de": "18,000", "573403394776f419006616df": " Carillon and the British called Ticonder", "573403394776f419006616e0": " Carillon and the British called Ticonder", "57340549d058e614000b67dd": " North America", "57340549d058e614000b67de": " decided to focus on an invasion of Britain, to draw British resources", "57340549d058e614000b67df": " New France", "573406d1d058e614000b6801": " James Wolfe", "573406d1d058e614000b6802": " Fort Niagara successfully cut off the French frontier forts", "573406d1d058e614000b6803": " French frontier forts", "573406d1d058e614000b6804": " Battle of Sainte", "573407d7d058e614000b6813": " General Amherst. Amherst granted Vaudre", "573407d7d058e614000b6814": " General Amherst. Amherst granted Vaudre", "573407d7d058e614000b6815": " General Amherst. Amherst granted Vaudre", "573408ef4776f41900661757": "10 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661758": "15 February 1763", "573408ef4776f41900661759": " signing of the Treaty of Paris", "573408ef4776f4190066175a": " they already had ample places from which to obtain sugar. Spain, which traded Florida to Britain to regain Cuba", "57340a094776f4190066177d": "80,000", "57340a094776f4190066177e": "1755", "57340a094776f4190066177f": " Europe", "57340a094776f41900661780": " Haitian Revolution", "57340b1bd058e614000b6869": " King George III", "57340b1bd058e614000b686a": " lands west of the Appalachian Mountains to its Indian population, a demarcation that was at best a temporary impediment to a rising tide of westward", "57340b1bd058e614000b686b": " reservation of lands west of the Appalachian Mountains", "57340d124776f419006617c3": " North America", "57340d124776f419006617c0": " French power", "57340d124776f419006617c1": "1769", "57340d124776f419006617c2": " French power", "57340d124776f419006617bf": " Cuba, including the entire governmental records from St. Augustine, although some Christianized Yamasee were resettled to the coast of Mexico", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e71": " Aristotle and Archimedes retained fundamental errors", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e72": " Aristotle", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e73": " Sir Isaac Newton", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e74": " three hundred years", "573735e8c3c5551400e51e75": " Sir Isaac Newton", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7b": " gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7c": " gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7d": " gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7e": " gauge bosons", "57373a9fc3c5551400e51e7f": " gauge bosons", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e85": "ristotle", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e86": " philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e87": " four", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e88": " the ground", "57373d0cc3c5551400e51e89": " philosophical discussion of the concept of a force as an integral part of Aristotelian cosmology", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e8f": "17th century", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e90": " Galileo Galilei", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e91": " incline", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e92": " gravity", "57373f80c3c5551400e51e93": " Galileo constructed an experiment in which stones and cannonballs were both rolled down an incline", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e99": " Newton's First Law", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9a": " lack of net force", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9b": "Newton's First Law", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9c": " external net force or resultant force. This law is an extension of Galileo's insight", "5737432bc3c5551400e51e9d": " Newton's First Law directly connects inertia", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea3": " curving parabolic path", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea4": " curving parabolic path", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea5": " curving parabolic path", "5737477bc3c5551400e51ea6": " curving parabolic path", "573749741c4567190057445d": " inertia", "573749741c4567190057445e": " Earth", "573749741c4567190057445f": " Albert Einstein", "573749741c45671900574460": " inertia", "573749741c45671900574461": " inertia. This is the same thing that would occur if the astronaut and the object were in intergalactic space with no net force of gravity", "573750f51c45671900574467": " quantum gravity", "573750f61c45671900574468": " Second Law asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration", "573750f61c45671900574469": " Second Law asserts the direct proportionality of acceleration", "573750f61c4567190057446a": "Newton's Second Law", "573750f61c4567190057446b": " acceleration to force and the inverse proportionality of acceleration", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eab": "3", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eac": "action\" and \u2212F", "5737534ec3c5551400e51ead": " force F on a second body, the second body exerts a force \u2212F", "5737534ec3c5551400e51eae": "action\" and \u2212F", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb3": " unbalanced. That is, the action-reaction force", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb4": " closed system", "573755afc3c5551400e51eb5": " the action-reaction force", "573766251c45671900574471": " direct observations", "573766251c45671900574472": " Newtonian", "573766251c45671900574473": " pushes or pulls, this can provide an intuitive understanding", "573766251c45671900574474": " Newtonian mechanics", "57376828c3c5551400e51eb9": " two people are pulling on the same rope with known magnitudes", "57376828c3c5551400e51eba": "vector quantities\". This means that forces follow a different set of mathematical rules", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebb": " magnitudes", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebc": "vector quantities\". This means that forces follow a different set of mathematical rules", "57376828c3c5551400e51ebd": " magnitudes", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec3": " static equilibrium", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec4": " additive vector quantities: they have magnitude and direction. When two forces act on a point particle", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec5": " additive", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec6": " between their lines", "57376a1bc3c5551400e51ec7": " additive", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecd": " vectors is often a more mathematically clean way to describe forces than using magnitudes and directions", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ece": " two", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ecf": " magnitudes and directions", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed0": " Resolving force vectors into components of a set of basis vectors is often a more mathematically clean way to describe forces than using magnitudes and directions", "57376c50c3c5551400e51ed1": " Resolving force vectors into components of a set of basis vectors is often a more mathematically clean way to describe forces than using magnitudes and directions", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed7": "Pushing", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed8": "Pushing", "57376df3c3c5551400e51ed9": " no movement, the static friction force exactly balances the applied force resulting in no acceleration", "57376df3c3c5551400e51eda": " no movement, the static friction force exactly balances", "57377083c3c5551400e51edf": " simple devices such as weighing scales and spring balances", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee0": "A static equilibrium between two forces is the most usual way of measuring forces, using simple devices such as weighing scales and spring balances", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee1": " weighing scales and spring balances", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee2": " weighing scales and spring balances", "57377083c3c5551400e51ee3": " Archimedes", "573776eec3c5551400e51ee9": "Dynamic equilibrium", "573776eec3c5551400e51eea": " Aristotelian", "573776eec3c5551400e51eeb": "Dynamic equilibrium was first described by Galileo", "573776eec3c5551400e51eec": " Aristotelian universe", "573776eec3c5551400e51eed": " Aristotelian universe", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef3": " kinetic friction", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef4": " Aristotle misinterpreted", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef5": " kinetic friction force", "57377862c3c5551400e51ef6": " Aristotle misinterpreted", "57377aac1c45671900574479": " potentials V(x,y", "57377aac1c4567190057447a": " Schr\u00f6dinger", "57377aac1c4567190057447b": " by the Schr\u00f6dinger", "57377aac1c4567190057447c": " Schr\u00f6dinger", "57377aac1c4567190057447d": " Schr\u00f6dinger", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efb": "spin\",", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efc": "caveat\", namely the particles acting onto each other do not only possess the spatial variable, but also a discrete intrinsic angular momentum", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efd": " spatial variable, but also a discrete intrinsic angular momentum", "57377c98c3c5551400e51efe": "spin\", and there is the Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables", "57377c98c3c5551400e51eff": "spin\", and there is the Pauli principle relating the space and the spin variables", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f05": " a mathematical by-product of exchange", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f06": "fundamental interactions\".", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f07": "fundamental interactions", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f08": "fundamental interactions", "57377ec7c3c5551400e51f09": " homogeneity or symmetry", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f0f": " four", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f10": " nuclear forces", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f11": " nuclear forces that act only at very short distances, and are responsible for the interactions between subatomic particles", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f12": " four fundamental interactions", "5737804dc3c5551400e51f13": " nuclear forces", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f19": " Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1a": "20th", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1b": " gauge bosons", "5737821cc3c5551400e51f1c": " gauge bosons", "573784fa1c45671900574483": "81 meters", "573784fa1c45671900574484": "81 meters", "573784fa1c45671900574485": "9.81 meters", "573784fa1c45671900574486": " motions of celestial", "573784fa1c45671900574487": "What we now call gravity was not identified as a universal force", "573786b51c4567190057448d": " the acceleration of the Moon around the Earth could be ascribed to the same force of gravity if the acceleration due to gravity decreased as an inverse square law", "573786b51c4567190057448e": " gravity decreased as an inverse square law", "573786b51c4567190057448f": " gravity decreased as an inverse square law", "573786b51c45671900574490": " gravity decreased as an inverse square law", "57378862c3c5551400e51f21": " Newton's Universal Gravitation", "57378862c3c5551400e51f22": " Henry Cavendish", "57378862c3c5551400e51f23": "1798", "57378862c3c5551400e51f24": " Henry Cavendish", "5737898f1c45671900574495": " Newton's Theory of Gravity", "5737898f1c45671900574496": " Newton's Theory of Gravity", "5737898f1c45671900574497": " Newton's Theory of Gravity", "5737898f1c45671900574498": " Newton", "5737898f1c45671900574499": " Newton", "57378b141c4567190057449f": " ballistic trajectory", "57378b141c456719005744a0": " ballistic trajectory", "57378b141c456719005744a1": " ballistic trajectory", "57378b141c456719005744a2": " GR, gravitation is not viewed as a force, but rather, objects moving freely in gravitational fields travel", "57378c9b1c456719005744a8": " Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744a9": " Lorentz", "57378c9b1c456719005744a7": " Lorentz's Law", "57378c9b1c456719005744aa": " Lorentz", "57378e311c456719005744af": " James Clerk Maxwell", "57378e311c456719005744b0": "1864", "57378e311c456719005744b1": "20", "57378e311c456719005744b2": "20", "57378e311c456719005744b3": " James Clerk Maxwell", "573792ee1c456719005744b9": " photons. In QED, photons are the fundamental exchange particle, which described all interactions relating to electromagnetism", "573792ee1c456719005744ba": " photons. In QED, photons are the fundamental exchange particle, which described all interactions relating to electromagnetism", "573792ee1c456719005744bb": " quantum electrodynamics", "573792ee1c456719005744bc": " electromagnetism", "573792ee1c456719005744bd": " electromagnetism", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f29": " Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2a": " stiffness and rigidity of solid matter", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2b": " Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958ac3c5551400e51f2c": " takes energy to pack them together. While this effect is manifested macroscopically as a structural force", "5737958b1c456719005744c3": " Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c4": " stiffness and rigidity of solid matter", "5737958b1c456719005744c5": " Pauli exclusion principle", "5737958b1c456719005744c6": " takes energy to pack them together. While this effect is manifested macroscopically as a structural force", "573796edc3c5551400e51f33": " elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f34": " color confinement", "573796edc3c5551400e51f35": " elementary particles", "573796edc3c5551400e51f36": " acts directly upon elementary", "573796edc3c5551400e51f37": " color confinement", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3d": " exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3e": " beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f3f": " beta decay", "57379829c3c5551400e51f40": "101", "57379829c3c5551400e51f41": "1015 kelvins", "57379a4b1c456719005744cd": " Pauli repulsion (due to fermionic nature of electrons", "57379a4b1c456719005744ce": " repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact. When their electron clouds overlap, Pauli repulsion (due to fermionic nature of electrons", "57379a4b1c456719005744cf": " repulsive forces of interaction between atoms at close contact. When their electron clouds overlap, Pauli repulsion (due to fermionic nature of electrons", "57379a4b1c456719005744d0": " responds whenever an external force", "57379ed81c456719005744d5": "Tension forces can be modeled using ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretch", "57379ed81c456719005744d6": " ideal strings", "57379ed81c456719005744d7": " second", "57379ed81c456719005744d8": "Tension forces", "57379ed81c456719005744d9": "Tension forces can be modeled using ideal strings that are massless, frictionless, unbreakable, and unstretch", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f47": " how forces affect idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f48": " how forces affect idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects. However, in real life, matter has extended structure and forces", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f49": " general", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4a": " extended structure and forces", "5737a0acc3c5551400e51f4b": " how forces affect idealized point particles rather than three-dimensional objects. However, in real life, matter has extended structure and forces", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f51": "deformations", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f52": " stress-tensor is being calculated. This formalism includes pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area (the matrix diagonals", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f53": " pressure terms associated with forces that act normal to the cross-sectional area (the matrix diagonals", "5737a25ac3c5551400e51f54": "deformations", "5737a4511c456719005744df": "Torque is the rotation equivalent of force in the same way that angle is the rotational equivalent for position, angular velocity", "5737a4511c456719005744e0": " Newton's Second Law of Motion can be used to derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration", "5737a4511c456719005744e1": " derive an analogous equation for the instantaneous angular acceleration", "5737a5931c456719005744e7": " radial", "5737a5931c456719005744e8": " slowing it down", "5737a5931c456719005744e9": " velocity of the object and is the distance to the center of the circular path and is the unit vector", "5737a5931c456719005744ea": "magnitude of the velocity), but only the direction of the velocity vector", "5737a5931c456719005744eb": " velocity of the object and is the distance to the center of the circular path and is the unit vector", "5737a7351c456719005744f1": " conserved whenever a conservative force", "5737a7351c456719005744f2": " conserved whenever a conservative force", "5737a7351c456719005744f3": " conserved whenever a conservative force", "5737a7351c456719005744f4": " conserved whenever a conservative force", "5737a7351c456719005744f5": " conserved whenever a conservative force", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f59": " gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5a": " to gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5b": " macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical average", "5737a84dc3c5551400e51f5c": " gradient of potentials. This is often due to macrophysical considerations that yield forces as arising from a macroscopic statistical", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f61": " energy transformations", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f62": " macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative forces", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f63": " statistical mechanics", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f64": " statistical mechanics", "5737a9afc3c5551400e51f65": " macroscopic nonconservative forces and microscopic conservative", "5737aafd1c456719005744fb": " unit of mass: the metric slug", "5737aafd1c456719005744fc": "1000 N, and the kip, which is equivalent to 1000 lbf", "5737aafd1c456719005744fd": " pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force", "5737aafd1c456719005744fe": " metric slug", "5737aafd1c456719005744ff": " unit of mass: the metric slug" }