tokenizer_wrapper.py

# Licensed under the TENCENT HUNYUAN COMMUNITY LICENSE AGREEMENT (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://github.com/Tencent-Hunyuan/HunyuanImage-3.0/blob/main/LICENSE
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================

import warnings
import random
from typing import List, Optional, Union, Dict, Any
from collections import defaultdict
from copy import deepcopy

import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from transformers import AutoTokenizer
from diffusers.utils import BaseOutput


def default(value, default_value):
    return value if value is not None else default_value


def ensure_list(value):
    if value is None:
        return []
    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
        return list(value)
    return [value]


class Resolution(object):
    def __init__(self, size, *args):
        if isinstance(size, str):
            if 'x' in size:
                size = size.split('x')
                size = (int(size[0]), int(size[1]))
            else:
                size = int(size)
        if len(args) > 0:
            size = (size, args[0])
        if isinstance(size, int):
            size = (size, size)

        self.h = self.height = size[0]
        self.w = self.width = size[1]
        self.r = self.ratio = self.height / self.width

    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        if idx == 0:
            return self.h
        elif idx == 1:
            return self.w
        else:
            raise IndexError(f'Index {idx} out of range')

    def __str__(self):
        return f'{self.h}x{self.w}'


class ResolutionGroup(object):
    def __init__(self, base_size=None, step=None, align=1):
        self.align = align
        self.base_size = base_size
        assert base_size % align == 0, f'base_size {base_size} is not divisible by align {align}'
        if base_size is not None and not isinstance(base_size, int):
            raise ValueError(f'base_size must be None or int, but got {type(base_size)}')
        if step is None:
            step = base_size // 16
        if step is not None and step > base_size // 2:
            raise ValueError(f'step must be smaller than base_size // 2, but got {step} > {base_size // 2}')

        self.step = step
        self.data = self._calc_by_step()

        self.ratio = np.array([x.ratio for x in self.data])
        self.attr = ['' for _ in range(len(self.data))]
        self.prefix_space = 0

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.data)

    def __getitem__(self, idx):
        return self.data[idx]

    def __repr__(self):
        prefix = self.prefix_space * ' '
        prefix_close = (self.prefix_space - 4) * ' '
        res_str = f'ResolutionGroup(base_size={self.base_size}, step={self.step}, data='
        attr_maxlen = max([len(x) for x in self.attr] + [5])
        res_str += \
            f'\n{prefix}ID: height width   ratio {" " * max(0, attr_maxlen - 4)}count  h/16 w/16    tokens\n{prefix}'
        res_str += \
            ('\n' + prefix).join([f'{i:2d}: ({x.h:4d}, {x.w:4d})  {self.ratio[i]:.4f}  {self.attr[i]:>{attr_maxlen}s}  '
                                  f'({x.h // 16:3d}, {x.w // 16:3d})  {x.h // 16 * x.w // 16:6d}'
                                  for i, x in enumerate(self.data)])
        res_str += f'\n{prefix_close})'
        return res_str

    def _calc_by_step(self):
        assert self.align <= self.step, f'align {self.align} must be smaller than step {self.step}'

        min_height = self.base_size // 2
        min_width = self.base_size // 2
        max_height = self.base_size * 2
        max_width = self.base_size * 2

        resolutions = [Resolution(self.base_size, self.base_size)]

        cur_height, cur_width = self.base_size, self.base_size
        while True:
            if cur_height >= max_height and cur_width <= min_width:
                break

            cur_height = min(cur_height + self.step, max_height)
            cur_width = max(cur_width - self.step, min_width)
            resolutions.append(Resolution(cur_height // self.align * self.align, cur_width // self.align * self.align))

        cur_height, cur_width = self.base_size, self.base_size
        while True:
            if cur_height <= min_height and cur_width >= max_width:
                break

            cur_height = max(cur_height - self.step, min_height)
            cur_width = min(cur_width + self.step, max_width)
            resolutions.append(Resolution(cur_height // self.align * self.align, cur_width // self.align * self.align))

        resolutions = sorted(resolutions, key=lambda x: x.ratio)

        return resolutions

    def get_target_size(self, width, height):
        ratio = height / width
        idx = np.argmin(np.abs(self.ratio - ratio))
        reso = self.data[idx]
        return reso.w, reso.h

    def get_base_size_and_ratio_index(self, width, height):
        ratio = height / width
        idx = np.argmin(np.abs(self.ratio - ratio))
        return self.base_size, idx


class ImageInfo:
    """ Class to store image information for processing and generation. """

    def __init__(
            self,
            image_type: str = None,
            image_tensor: torch.Tensor = None,
            image_width: int = None,
            image_height: int = None,
            token_width: int = None,
            token_height: int = None,
            image_token_length: int = None,
            base_size: int = None,
            ratio_index: int = None,
            **kwargs,
    ):
        self.image_type = image_type
        self.image_tensor = image_tensor
        self.image_width = image_width
        self.w = image_width
        self.image_height = image_height
        self.h = image_height
        self.token_width = token_width
        self.tk_w = token_width
        self.token_height = token_height
        self.tk_h = token_height
        self.image_token_length = default(
            image_token_length,
            token_width * token_height if token_width is not None and token_height is not None else None
        )
        self.base_size = base_size
        self.ratio_index = ratio_index

        self.add_timestep_token = kwargs.get("add_timestep_token", True)
        self.add_guidance_token = kwargs.get("add_guidance_token", False)
        self.use_front_boi_token = kwargs.get("use_front_boi_token", True)
        self.add_image_shape_token = kwargs.get("add_image_shape_token", True)

    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> Any:
        """Allow dictionary-like access to attributes."""
        if hasattr(self, key):
            return getattr(self, key)
        raise KeyError(f"Key '{key}' not found in ImageInfo")

    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
        """Allow dictionary-like assignment to attributes."""
        if hasattr(self, key):
            setattr(self, key, value)
        else:
            raise KeyError(f"Key '{key}' not found in ImageInfo")

    def __contains__(self, key: str) -> bool:
        """Check if the key exists in the ImageInfo object."""
        return hasattr(self, key)

    def __repr__(self):
        return (f"ImageInfo(image_type={self.image_type}, image_tensor={self.image_tensor}, "
                f"image_width={self.image_width}, image_height={self.image_height}, "
                f"token_width={self.token_width}, token_height={self.token_height}, "
                f"image_token_length={self.image_token_length}, "
                f"base_size={self.base_size}, ratio_index={self.ratio_index}")

    @property
    def meta_info(self):
        # Used for image sections of tkwrapper.encode_general()
        if self.image_type in ["vae", "gen_image"]:
            return dict(
                token_length=self.image_token_length,
                add_timestep_token=self.add_timestep_token,
                add_guidance_token=self.add_guidance_token,
                use_front_boi_token=self.use_front_boi_token,
                add_image_shape_token=self.add_image_shape_token,
                base_size=self.base_size,
                ratio_idx=self.ratio_index,
                # for rope 2d
                token_height=self.token_height,
                token_width=self.token_width,
                # for bc
                image_height=self.image_height,
                image_width=self.image_width,
            )
        elif self.image_type in ["vit"]:
            return dict(
                token_length=self.image_token_length,
                use_front_boi_token=self.use_front_boi_token,
                add_image_shape_token=self.add_image_shape_token,
                # for rope 2d
                token_height=self.token_height,
                token_width=self.token_width,
                # for bc
                image_height=self.image_height,
                image_width=self.image_width,
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown image type '{self.image_type}'")

    @property
    def num_special_tokens(self):
        if self.args is None:
            raise ValueError("meta_info requires `args` attribute to be set.")
        if self.image_type in ["vae", "src_image", "gen_image"]:
            count = (
                    2 +  # <boi> + <eoi> or <src_boi> + <src_eoi>
                    (1 if self.add_timestep_token else 0) +
                    (1 if self.add_guidance_token else 0) +
                    (2 if self.add_image_shape_token else 0)
            )
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Unknown image_type: {self.image_type}")
        return count

    def copy(self, copy_image_tensor=True):
        if copy_image_tensor and self.image_tensor is None:
            raise ValueError("image_tensor is None, cannot copy")
        return ImageInfo(
            image_type=self.image_type,
            image_tensor=self.image_tensor.clone() if copy_image_tensor else None,
            image_width=self.image_width,
            image_height=self.image_height,
            token_width=self.token_width,
            token_height=self.token_height,
            image_token_length=self.image_token_length,
            base_size=self.base_size,
            ratio_index=self.ratio_index,
        )

    def zeros_(self):
        self.image_tensor = torch.zeros_like(self.image_tensor)


class ImageTensor(torch.Tensor):
    # This class is just for type hinting purposes. Attribute `i` should be defined
    # as an instance attribute of the torch.Tensor instance, like: tensor.i = ImageInfo(...)
    i: ImageInfo
    vision_encoder_kwargs: dict


class JointImageInfo(object):
    def __init__(self, vae_image_info: ImageInfo, vision_image_info: ImageInfo, vision_encoder_kwargs: dict = None):
        self.vae_image_info = vae_image_info
        self.vision_image_info = vision_image_info
        self.vision_encoder_kwargs = vision_encoder_kwargs

        # Define key attributes to align with ImageInfo for uniformity
        self.image_type = "joint_image"
        self.image_token_length = vae_image_info.image_token_length + vision_image_info.image_token_length

        self.add_timestep_token = vae_image_info.add_timestep_token
        self.use_front_boi_token = vae_image_info.use_front_boi_token
        self.add_image_shape_token = vae_image_info.add_image_shape_token

    def __repr__(self):
        return f"JointImageInfo(vae_image={self.vae_image_info}, vision_image={self.vision_image_info})"

    @property
    def meta_info(self):
        # Used for image sections of tkwrapper.encode_general()
        return dict(
            token_length=[self.vae_image_info.image_token_length, self.vision_image_info.image_token_length],
            add_timestep_token=self.add_timestep_token,
            use_front_boi_token=self.use_front_boi_token,
            add_image_shape_token=self.add_image_shape_token,
            base_size=self.vae_image_info.base_size,
            ratio_idx=self.vae_image_info.ratio_index,
            # for rope 2d
            token_height=[self.vae_image_info.token_height, self.vision_image_info.token_height],
            token_width=[self.vae_image_info.token_width, self.vision_image_info.token_width],
            # for bc
            image_height=[self.vae_image_info.image_height, self.vision_image_info.image_height],
            image_width=[self.vae_image_info.image_width, self.vision_image_info.image_width],
        )

    @property
    def num_special_tokens(self):
        return (
                2 +  # <boi> + <eoi>
                (1 if self.add_timestep_token else 0) +
                (2 if self.add_image_shape_token else 0) +
                1   # <joint_image_sep>
        )

    def copy(self, copy_image_tensor=True):
        if copy_image_tensor and (
                self.vae_image_info.image_tensor is None or self.vision_image_info.image_tensor is None):
            raise ValueError("image_tensor is None, cannot copy")
        return JointImageInfo(
            self.vae_image_info.copy(copy_image_tensor),
            self.vision_image_info.copy(copy_image_tensor),
            self.vision_encoder_kwargs,
        )

    def zeros_(self):
        self.vae_image_info.zeros_()
        self.vision_image_info.zeros_()


class JointImage(object):
    def __init__(self, vae_image: ImageTensor, vision_image: ImageTensor):
        self.vae_image = vae_image
        self.vision_image = vision_image
        self.i = JointImageInfo(vae_image.i, vision_image.i)


class TokenizerEncodeOutput(BaseOutput):
    tokens: torch.Tensor = None
    timestep_scatter_index: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
    guidance_scatter_index: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
    text_slices: Optional[List[slice]] = None
    gen_image_slices: Optional[List[slice]] = None
    joint_image_slices: Optional[List[slice]] = None
    cond_vae_image_slices: Optional[List[slice]] = None
    cond_vit_image_slices: Optional[List[slice]] = None
    text_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
    gen_image_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
    cond_vae_image_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
    cond_vit_image_mask: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
    real_pos: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
    all_image_slices: Optional[List[slice]] = None
    cond_timestep_scatter_index: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None
    gen_timestep_scatter_index: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None


class Conversation:
    roles: List[str] = ["User", "Assistant"]
    sep: str = "\n\n"


class TokenizerWrapper(object):
    def __init__(self, tokenizer):
        if isinstance(tokenizer, str):
            self.tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(tokenizer)
        else:
            self.tokenizer = tokenizer

        # Define short names
        self.bos_token_id = self.tokenizer.bos_token_id
        self.eos_token_id = self.tokenizer.eos_token_id
        self.pad_token_id = self.tokenizer.pad_token_id
        self.boi_token_id = self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<boi>")
        self.eoi_token_id = self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<eoi>")
        self.img_token_id = self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<img>")
        self.cfg_token_id = self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<cfg>")
        self.end_answer_token_id = self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("</answer>")
        self.end_recaption_token_id = self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("</recaption>")
        self.ratio_token_offset = self.tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids("<img_ratio_0>")
        self.special_token_map = self.tokenizer.added_tokens_encoder

    def pad(self, tensor_list, dim=0, pad_val=None):
        if pad_val is None:
            pad_val = self.pad_token_id
        max_len = max([t.shape[dim] for t in tensor_list])
        padded_tensor_list = []
        for t in tensor_list:
            if t.shape[dim] < max_len:
                assert pad_val is not False, "Not allowed pad."
                t = F.pad(t, (0, max_len - t.shape[dim]), value=pad_val)
            padded_tensor_list.append(t)
        return padded_tensor_list

    def encode(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.tokenizer.encode(*args, **kwargs)

    def decode(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.tokenizer.decode(*args, **kwargs)

    def encode_text(
            self,
            *texts,
            uncond_enabled: Optional[Union[bool, List[bool]]] = None,
            uncond_p: Optional[float] = None,
            max_length: Optional[int] = None,
            pad: Optional[str] = None,
            return_lengths: bool = False,
    ):
        """
        Encode text and image for AR-like model training of the text-to-image/instruction tuning tasks.
        Support encode multiple texts at once. Each text can be separately conditioned or unconditioned
        based on the uncond_flags and a uniform uncond_p.
        **<bos> token is always prepended to the text tokens.**

        Parameters
        ----------
        texts: str or List[str]
            List of texts to be encoded.
        uncond_enabled: bool or List[bool]
            List of flags to indicate whether the text should be unconditioned.
            If False, the text will never be unconditioned.
            If True, the text will be unconditioned with uncond_p.
        uncond_p: float
            Probability to the unconditional text. Only works when uncond_enabled is True.
        max_length: int
            Maximum length of the encoded text.
        pad: Optional[str]
            Padding method. Can be 'left' or 'right'.
        return_lengths: bool
            Whether to return the length of each encoded text.
        """
        if pad is not None:
            assert max_length is not None, "max_length should be provided when pad is not None."

        if uncond_enabled is None:
            uncond_enabled = [True] * len(texts)
        elif isinstance(uncond_enabled, bool):
            uncond_enabled = [uncond_enabled] * len(texts)
        if len(uncond_enabled) != len(texts):
            print(uncond_enabled, texts)
        assert len(uncond_enabled) == len(texts), (
            f"Length of uncond_flags should be equal to the number of texts, "
            f"but got {len(uncond_enabled)} and {len(texts)}."
        )

        # Prepare text/uncond tokens
        # TODO: If len(texts) > 1, such as instruction + prompt in inpainting, we need to determine how to do uncond.
        # Now all texts will be cond or uncond at the same time.
        do_uncond_drop = (uncond_p is not None) and (random.random() < uncond_p)
        text_tokens, lengths = [], []
        cum_length = 0
        for text, uncond_flag in zip(texts, uncond_enabled):
            # If reach the max_length and there still have unencoded texts, give a warning message and break the loop.
            if max_length is not None and cum_length >= max_length:
                warnings.warn(
                    f"Text length exceeds the max_length({max_length}). The remaining texts will be ignored: "
                    f"{text[:80]}..."
                )
                break
            # Set add_special_tokens=False to avoid adding <bos> token in some LLMs.
            if isinstance(text, str):
                text_token = self.tokenizer.encode(text, add_special_tokens=False)
            else:
                text_token = text
            if uncond_flag and do_uncond_drop:
                text_token = [self.cfg_token_id] * len(text_token)
            # Cutoff the text by max_length if necessary
            if max_length is not None and (cum_length + len(text_token)) > max_length:
                text_token = text_token[:max_length - cum_length]
            text_tokens.extend(text_token)
            lengths.append(len(text_token))
            cum_length += len(text_token)

        # Prepend/Append <pad> tokens if applicable
        if pad is not None and (pad_length := max_length - len(text_tokens)) > 0:
            if pad == 'left':
                text_tokens = [self.pad_token_id] * pad_length + text_tokens
            elif pad == 'right':
                text_tokens = text_tokens + [self.pad_token_id] * pad_length
            else:
                raise ValueError(f"Unsupported padding method: {pad}.")

        if return_lengths:
            return text_tokens, lengths
        return text_tokens

    @staticmethod
    def _check_key_number_matched(keys, data):
        # Assert keys and token_source are matched
        assert set(keys) == set(data.keys()), (
            f"Keys in the template and token source should be matched, but got {set(keys)} and {list(data.keys())}."
        )
        key_counts = {k: 0 for k in keys}
        for key in keys:
            key_counts[key] += 1
        for key, count in key_counts.items():
            assert len(data[key]) == count, (
                f"Number of `{key}` in the token source should be matched with the template, but got "
                f"{data[key]}({len(data[key])}) and {count}."
            )

    def _add_image_meta_info_token(self, token_seq, token_count, extra_token_pos, add_timestep_token=False,
                                   add_image_shape_token=False, base_size=None, ratio_idx=None, image_type=None,
                                   add_guidance_token=False):
        if add_image_shape_token:
            token_seq.extend([
                self.special_token_map[f"<img_size_{base_size}>"],
                self.special_token_map[f"<img_ratio_{ratio_idx}>"]
            ])
            token_count += 2
        if add_timestep_token:
            token_seq.extend([self.special_token_map["<timestep>"]])
            extra_token_pos['timestep'].append(token_count)
            if image_type is not None:
                if image_type == "gen_image":
                    extra_token_pos['gen_timestep'].append(token_count)
                elif image_type in ["joint_image"]:
                    extra_token_pos['cond_timestep'].append(token_count)
                else:
                    raise ValueError(f"Unsupported image type: {image_type}.")
            token_count += 1
        if add_guidance_token:
            token_seq.extend([self.special_token_map["<guidance>"]])
            extra_token_pos['guidance'].append(token_count)
            token_count += 1
        return token_count

    @staticmethod
    def _shorten_text(text):
        import re
        text = re.sub(r"(<img>)+", lambda m: f"[<img>]{{{len(m.group(0)) // 5}}}", text)
        text = re.sub(r"(<pad>)+", lambda m: f"[<pad>]{{{len(m.group(0)) // 5}}}", text)
        return text

    def encode_sequence(
            self,
            template: str,
            token_source: Dict[str, List],
            total_length=None,
            add_timestep_token=False,
            add_guidance_token=False,
            last_key_only_prefix=False,
            add_eos=True,
            use_front_boi_token=True,
            add_pad=True,
            add_bos=True,
            drop_last: Union[str, bool] = 'auto',
            add_image_shape_token=False,
    ):
        """
        Encode a sequence based on the template (e.g., `text-image` for t2i, `text-image-image` for instruction tuning)
        and token source.

        Parameters
        ----------
        template: str
            Template of the sequence. E.g., "text-gen_image" means the sequence is composed of text and an image.
            "text-text-gen_image" means the sequence is composed of two sections of text and an image.
        token_source: Dict[str, List]
            Token source for each key in the template, in order.
            - text: List[Dict].
            - gen_image: List[Dict].
            - joint_image: List[Dict].
        total_length: int
            Total length of the encoded sequence, include padding tokens.
        add_timestep_token: bool
            Whether to add timestep token before the image tokens.
            (Right after the <img_ratio_*><img_size_*> tokens)
        add_guidance_token: bool
            Whether to add guidance token before the image tokens.
        last_key_only_prefix: bool
            Whether to only use the modal prefix in the last key.
        add_eos: bool or 'auto'
            Whether to add eos token at the end of the sequence. If True, always add eos token. If 'auto',
            add eos token only when the total_length is not reached and the last token is not <eos>.
        use_front_boi_token: bool:
            Whether to put the <boi> token at the front of iw, ih and timestep tokens.
        add_pad: bool or 'auto'
            Whether to add padding tokens to the sequence. If True and total_length is not reached, add padding tokens.
        add_bos: bool
            Whether to add bos token at the beginning of the sequence.
        drop_last: bool or 'auto'
            - If auto, drop last tokens exceeding the total_length if the total_length is provided. If cut point is
                in the middle of the image tokens, an error will raised.
            - If True, drop last tokens exceeding the total_length. If cut point is in the middle of the image tokens,
                all the successive image tokens will be dropped.
            - If False, keep the last tokens exceeding the total_length, even if the total_length is reached.
        add_image_shape_token: bool
            Whether to add image shape token before the image tokens. (Right before the <timestep> token)

        Returns
        -------
        token_seq: list
            Encoded token sequence.
        extra_token_pos: dict
            Positions of extra tokens.
        """
        if last_key_only_prefix:
            assert add_eos is not True, "add_eos should not be True when last_key_only_prefix is True."
        if drop_last is True and total_length is None:
            raise ValueError("total_length should be provided when drop_last is True.")

        keys = template.split('-')
        modal_length = len(keys)
        index_indicator = {k: 0 for k in token_source}
        for k, v in token_source.items():
            assert isinstance(v, (list, tuple)), (
                f"Value of `{k}` in the token source should be a list or tuple, but got {type(v)}."
            )
        self._check_key_number_matched(keys, token_source)

        token_seq = []
        token_count = 0
        extra_token_pos = defaultdict(list)
        if add_bos:
            token_seq.append(self.bos_token_id)
            token_count += 1
        # If drop_last is True, we check the token_count on the fly and exit the loop if the total_length is reached.
        # This check is only applied to the block tokens. Block tokens mean the tokens that are unsplittable, like
        # image tokens. Text tokens are splittable, so we don't need to check the token_count for text.
        # If the loop is broken by drop_last, we don't add the eos token at the end because the sequence is not
        # complete.
        drop_last_break = False
        for i, key in enumerate(keys):
            source = token_source[key][index_indicator[key]]
            if key == "text":
                token_seq.extend(source)  # text token sequence
                extra_token_pos["<text>_start"].append(token_count)
                token_count += len(source)
                extra_token_pos["<text>_end"].append(token_count - 1)

            elif key == "gen_image":
                if isinstance(source, int):
                    source = {'length': source}
                extra_count = 2 + (
                    1 if source.get('timestep', add_timestep_token) else 0) + (
                    1 if source.get('guidance', add_guidance_token) else 0) + (
                    2 if source.get('image_shape', add_image_shape_token) else 0
                )
                if drop_last is True and token_count + extra_count + source['length'] > total_length:
                    drop_last_break = True
                    break
                if source.get('front_boi', use_front_boi_token):
                    token_seq.append(self.boi_token_id)
                    extra_token_pos["boi"].append(token_count)
                    token_count += 1
                token_count = self._add_image_meta_info_token(
                    token_seq=token_seq,
                    token_count=token_count,
                    extra_token_pos=extra_token_pos,
                    add_timestep_token=source.get('timestep', add_timestep_token),
                    add_guidance_token=source.get('guidance', add_guidance_token),
                    add_image_shape_token=source.get('image_shape', add_image_shape_token),
                    base_size=source.get('base_size'),
                    ratio_idx=source.get('ratio_idx'),
                    image_type=key,
                )
                if not source.get('front_boi', use_front_boi_token):
                    token_seq.append(self.boi_token_id)
                    extra_token_pos["boi"].append(token_count)
                    token_count += 1
                if last_key_only_prefix and i == modal_length - 1:
                    pass  # for AR inference
                else:
                    token_seq.extend(
                        [self.img_token_id] * source['length'] +  # token number
                        [self.eoi_token_id]
                    )
                    extra_token_pos["<img>_start"].append(token_count)
                    extra_token_pos["<all_img>_start"].append(token_count)
                    token_count += source['length']
                    extra_token_pos["<img>_end"].append(token_count - 1)
                    extra_token_pos["<all_img>_end"].append(token_count - 1)
                    extra_token_pos["eoi"].append(token_count)
                    token_count += 1  # <eoi>

            elif key == "joint_image":
                assert isinstance(source['length'], list) and len(
                    source['length']) == 2, "joint_image length should be a list of two integers"
                extra_count = 2 + 1 + (  # boi, eoi, joint_img_sep
                    1 if source.get('timestep', add_timestep_token) else 0) + (
                    2 if source.get('image_shape', add_image_shape_token) else 0
                )
                if drop_last is True and token_count + extra_count + sum(source['length']) > total_length:
                    drop_last_break = True
                    break
                if source.get('front_boi', use_front_boi_token):
                    token_seq.append(self.boi_token_id)  # Use patched boi for Janus, otherwise useing default <boi>
                    extra_token_pos["boi"].append(token_count)
                    token_count += 1
                token_count = self._add_image_meta_info_token(
                    token_seq=token_seq,
                    token_count=token_count,
                    extra_token_pos=extra_token_pos,
                    add_timestep_token=source.get('timestep', add_timestep_token),
                    add_image_shape_token=source.get('image_shape', add_image_shape_token),
                    base_size=source.get('base_size'),
                    ratio_idx=source.get('ratio_idx'),
                    image_type=key,
                )
                if not source.get('front_boi', use_front_boi_token):
                    token_seq.append(self.boi_token_id)
                    extra_token_pos["boi"].append(token_count)
                    token_count += 1
                if last_key_only_prefix and i == modal_length - 1:
                    pass  # for AR inference
                else:
                    token_seq.extend(
                        [self.img_token_id] * source['length'][0]
                    )
                    extra_token_pos["<vae_img>_start"].append(token_count)
                    extra_token_pos["<joint_img>_start"].append(token_count)
                    extra_token_pos["<all_img>_start"].append(token_count)
                    token_count += source['length'][0]
                    extra_token_pos["<vae_img>_end"].append(token_count - 1)
                    extra_token_pos["<all_img>_end"].append(token_count - 1)

                    token_seq.extend(
                        [self.special_token_map["<joint_img_sep>"]]
                    )
                    extra_token_pos["joint_img_sep"].append(token_count)
                    token_count += 1

                    token_seq.extend(
                        [self.img_token_id] * source['length'][1]
                    )
                    extra_token_pos["<vit_img>_start"].append(token_count)
                    extra_token_pos["<all_img>_start"].append(token_count)
                    token_count += source['length'][1]
                    extra_token_pos["<vit_img>_end"].append(token_count - 1)
                    extra_token_pos["<joint_img>_end"].append(token_count - 1)
                    extra_token_pos["<all_img>_end"].append(token_count - 1)

                    token_seq.extend(
                        [self.eoi_token_id]
                    )
                    extra_token_pos["eoi"].append(token_count)
                    token_count += 1  # <eoi>

            else:
                raise ValueError(f"Not supported key: {key}")
            index_indicator[key] += 1

        if add_eos is True and not drop_last_break:
            # Typically used for t2i task.
            token_seq.append(self.eos_token_id)
            extra_token_pos["eos"].append(token_count)
            token_count += 1
        elif add_eos == 'auto' and not drop_last_break:
            # Typically used for lm and mmu task.
            if token_seq[-1] != self.eos_token_id and (total_length is None or token_count < total_length):
                token_seq.append(self.eos_token_id)
                extra_token_pos["eos"].append(token_count)
                token_count += 1

        if total_length:
            # Check token count and clip sequence if necessary
            if token_count > total_length and drop_last:
                # Assert clip position is not in the middle of the block-wise tokens (gen_image, joint_image)
                for start_key, end_key in [
                    ("<img>_start", "<img>_end"), ("<joint_img>_start", "<joint_img>_end"),
                    ("<vae_img>_start", "<vae_img>_end"), ("<vit_img>_start", "<vit_img>_end"),
                ]:
                    if start_key in extra_token_pos and end_key in extra_token_pos:
                        assert all(
                            (start > total_length or end + 1 < total_length)
                            for start, end in zip(extra_token_pos[start_key], extra_token_pos[end_key])
                        ), ("Clip position should not be in the middle of the image tokens.\n"
                            f"Below is the text:\n{self._shorten_text(self.tokenizer.decode(token_seq))}")
                token_seq = token_seq[:total_length]

            # Pad the sequence if necessary
            pad_num = max(0, total_length - len(token_seq))
            if add_pad and pad_num:
                token_seq.extend([self.pad_token_id] * pad_num)
                extra_token_pos["first_pad"].append(token_count)

        return token_seq, extra_token_pos

    def batch_gen_infer(
            self,
            infer_fn,
            prompt_list: list,
            negative_prompt_list: list = None,
            infer_fn_kwargs_list: List[Dict[str, int]] = None,
            do_classifier_free_guidance=False,
            condition_repeat_times: int = 1,
            uncondition_repeat_times: int = 1,
    ):
        """
        Batch inference for the AR-like model training of the text-to-image/instruction tuning tasks.

        Parameters
        ----------
        infer_fn: callable
            Inference function to encode the prompt.
        prompt_list: list
            List of prompts. Each element can be a single prompt or a list of prompts passed to the infer_fn.
        negative_prompt_list: list
            List of negative prompts. Only used when do_classifier_free_guidance is True. If None, will use <cfg>
            token sequence as negative prompt.
        infer_fn_kwargs_list: List[Dict[str, int]]
            List of keyword arguments for the infer_fn.
        do_classifier_free_guidance: bool
            Whether to do classifier-free guidance.
        condition_repeat_times: int
            Support multi-condition.
        uncondition_repeat_times: int
            Support multi-uncondition.
        """
        if infer_fn_kwargs_list is None:
            infer_fn_kwargs_list = [{} for _ in prompt_list]

        # [n_output, bsz]
        cond_results_list = None
        uncond_results_list = None
        output_type_list = []

        for prompt_idx, (prompt, infer_fn_kwargs) in enumerate(zip(prompt_list, infer_fn_kwargs_list)):
            if not isinstance(prompt, (list, tuple)):
                prompt = [prompt]
            cond_kwargs = {"uncond_p": 0.0} if do_classifier_free_guidance else {}
            results = infer_fn(
                *prompt,
                **infer_fn_kwargs,
                **cond_kwargs,
            )
            output_type_list.append((type(results), len(results) if isinstance(results, (list, tuple)) else 1))
            if isinstance(results, dict):
                raise ValueError("Make batch on dict is not supported. Please return list or tuple for infer_fn.")
            if not isinstance(results, (list, tuple)):
                results = (results,)
            if cond_results_list is None:
                cond_results_list = [[] for _ in results]
                uncond_results_list = [[] for _ in results]
            for i, result in enumerate(results):
                cond_results_list[i].append(result)

            if do_classifier_free_guidance:
                if negative_prompt_list is None:
                    uncond_kwargs = {"uncond_p": 1.0}
                    uncond_results = infer_fn(
                        *prompt,
                        **infer_fn_kwargs,
                        **uncond_kwargs,
                    )
                else:
                    negative_prompt = negative_prompt_list[prompt_idx]
                    if not isinstance(negative_prompt, (list, tuple)):
                        negative_prompt = [negative_prompt]
                    uncond_results = infer_fn(
                        *negative_prompt,
                        **infer_fn_kwargs,
                    )
                if isinstance(uncond_results, TokenizerEncodeOutput):
                    uncond_results_list.append(uncond_results)
                else:
                    for i, result in enumerate(uncond_results):
                        uncond_results_list[i].append(result)

        assert all(output_type_list[0] == n for n in output_type_list), \
            f"Number of outputs should be equal for all samples, but got {output_type_list}."
        output_type, output_num = output_type_list[0]

        def make_batch(batch_cond_item, batch_uncond_item):
            # Process each output item to make batch
            first = batch_cond_item[0]  # The first element in the batch
            if isinstance(first, torch.Tensor):
                stacked_item = torch.stack(self.pad(
                    batch_cond_item * condition_repeat_times + batch_uncond_item * uncondition_repeat_times,
                ))

            elif first is None:
                assert all(item is None for item in batch_cond_item + batch_uncond_item), \
                    (f"The first cond item is None, but some items are not None:\n\n"
                     f"condition: {batch_cond_item}\n\n"
                     f"uncondition: {batch_uncond_item}")
                stacked_item = None

            elif isinstance(first, (list, tuple)):
                # If the output item is a list or tuple, we treat it as a whole, and won't make nested batch any more.
                stacked_item = batch_cond_item * condition_repeat_times + batch_uncond_item * uncondition_repeat_times

            elif isinstance(first, TokenizerEncodeOutput):
                stacked_item = {}
                # Traverse not-None attributes
                for key in list(first.keys()):
                    merged_list = [cond_item[key] for cond_item in batch_cond_item] * condition_repeat_times + \
                                  [uncond_item[key] for uncond_item in batch_uncond_item] * uncondition_repeat_times
                    if isinstance(first[key], torch.Tensor):
                        if 'mask' in key:
                            pad_val = 0.0
                        elif key == 'tokens':
                            pad_val = self.special_token_map["<pad>"]
                        else:
                            pad_val = False  # Should not pad for other tensors
                        stacked_item[key] = torch.stack(self.pad(merged_list, pad_val=pad_val), dim=0)
                    elif isinstance(first[key], list):
                        stacked_item[key] = merged_list
                    elif first[key] is None:
                        pass
                    else:
                        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported type of {key}: {type(first[key])}.")
                stacked_item = TokenizerEncodeOutput(stacked_item)

            else:
                raise TypeError(f"Making batch on type {type(first)} is not supported.")

            return stacked_item

        stacked_outputs = []
        for cond_results, uncond_results in zip(cond_results_list, uncond_results_list):
            stacked_outputs.append(make_batch(cond_results, uncond_results))

        if output_type == list:
            return stacked_outputs
        elif output_type == tuple:
            return tuple(stacked_outputs)
        elif output_num == 1:
            return stacked_outputs[0]
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported output type: {output_type}.")

    @staticmethod
    def parse_extra_token_pos(extra_token_pos, prefix, tokens, rng=None):
        if rng is None:
            rng = slice(None)
        image_slices = [
            slice(start, end + 1)
            for start, end in zip(extra_token_pos[f'<{prefix}>_start'][rng], extra_token_pos[f'<{prefix}>_end'][rng])
        ] if f'<{prefix}>_start' in extra_token_pos and f'<{prefix}>_end' in extra_token_pos else []
        if image_slices:
            image_mask = torch.zeros_like(tokens, dtype=torch.bool)
            for image_slice in image_slices:
                image_mask[image_slice] = True
        else:
            image_mask = None
        return image_slices, image_mask

    def encode_general(
            self,
            sections: Optional[List[Dict[str, Any]]] = None,
            max_token_length: Optional[int] = None,
            add_eos='auto',
            use_text_mask=True,
            add_pad='auto',
            add_bos=True,
            drop_last='auto',
    ):
        """
        General encode function to encode a sequence with multiple sections of text and images.
        Each section is a dict with a `type` key and other keys depending on the type.
        Supported section types:
        - text: dict with keys:
            - text: str or List[int], text to be encoded. Either `text` or `tokens` should be provided.
            - tokens: List[int], pre-encoded text tokens. Either `text` or `tokens` should be provided.
            - uncond_enabled: bool, whether to enable uncondition for this text section.
            - uncond_p: float, probability to drop the text section for uncondition.
            - max_length: int, maximum length of the text section.
            - ignore: bool, whether to ignore this text section in the text mask.
            - start_offset: int, start offset of the text mask.
            - end_offset: int, end offset of the text mask.
        - gen_image: dict with keys:
            - token_length: int, number of image tokens.
            - add_timestep_token: bool, whether to add timestep token before the image tokens.
            - add_guidance_token: bool, whether to add guidance token before the image tokens.
            - use_front_boi_token: bool, whether to put the <boi> token at the front of size, ratio and timestep tokens.
            - add_image_shape_token: bool, whether to add image shape token before the image tokens.
            - base_size: int, base size of the image.
            - ratio_idx: int, ratio index of the image.
        - joint_image: dict with keys:
            - token_length: List[int], number of image tokens for the two images.
            - add_timestep_token: bool, whether to add timestep token before the image tokens.
            - use_front_boi_token: bool, whether to put the <boi> token at the front of size, ratio and timestep tokens.
            - add_image_shape_token: bool, whether to add image shape token before the image tokens.
            - base_size: int, base size of the image.
            - ratio_idx: int, ratio index of the image.

        Parameters
        ----------
        sections: List[Dict[str, Any]]
            List of sections to be encoded.
        max_token_length: int
            Maximum length of the encoded token sequence.
        add_eos: bool or 'auto'
            Whether to add eos token at the end of the sequence. If True, always add eos
            token. If 'auto', add eos token only when the total_length is not reached and the last token is not <eos>.
        use_text_mask: bool
            Whether to generate text mask.
        add_pad: bool or 'auto'
            Whether to add padding tokens to the sequence. If True and total_length is not reached,
            add padding tokens.
        add_bos: bool
            Whether to add bos token at the beginning of the sequence.
        drop_last: bool or 'auto'
            - If auto, drop last tokens exceeding the total_length if the total_length is provided.
            If cut point is in the middle of the image tokens, an error will raised.
            - If True, drop last tokens exceeding the total_length. If cut point is in the
            middle of the image tokens, all the successive image tokens will be dropped.
            - If False, keep the last tokens exceeding the total_length, even if the total_length
            is reached.

        Returns
        -------
        TokenizerEncodeOutput
            Encoded token sequence and extra information.
        """
        if sections is None:
            raise ValueError("sections must be provided.")
        template = '-'.join([section['type'] for section in sections])

        sections = deepcopy(sections)
        token_source = defaultdict(list)
        text_mask_specs = []
        for section in sections:
            if section['type'] == 'text':
                text = self.encode_text(
                    section['text'] if 'text' in section else section['tokens'],
                    uncond_enabled=section.get('uncond_enabled'),
                    uncond_p=section.get('uncond_p'),
                    max_length=section.get('max_length'),
                )
                token_source['text'].append(text)
                text_mask_specs.append(dict(
                    ignore=section.get('ignore', False),
                    start_offset=section.get('start_offset', 0),
                    end_offset=section.get('end_offset', 0),
                ))
            elif section['type'] == 'gen_image':
                token_source['gen_image'].append(dict(
                    length=section['token_length'],
                    timestep=section.get('add_timestep_token', False),
                    guidance=section.get('add_guidance_token', False),
                    front_boi=section.get('use_front_boi_token', False),
                    image_shape=section.get('add_image_shape_token', False),
                    base_size=section.get('base_size'),
                    ratio_idx=section.get('ratio_idx'),
                ))
            elif section['type'] == 'joint_image':
                token_source['joint_image'].append(dict(
                    length=section['token_length'],
                    timestep=section.get('add_timestep_token', False),
                    front_boi=section.get('use_front_boi_token', False),
                    image_shape=section.get('add_image_shape_token', False),
                    base_size=section.get('base_size'),
                    ratio_idx=section.get('ratio_idx'),
                ))
            else:
                raise ValueError(f"Invalid section type: {section['type']}")

        # Combine text and image tokens
        full_token_seq, extra_token_pos = self.encode_sequence(
            template=template,
            token_source=dict(token_source),
            total_length=max_token_length,
            add_eos=add_eos,
            add_pad=add_pad,
            add_bos=add_bos,
            drop_last=drop_last,
        )
        full_seq_token_tensor = torch.tensor(full_token_seq, dtype=torch.long)

        timestep_scatter_index = torch.tensor(extra_token_pos['timestep'], dtype=torch.long) \
            if 'timestep' in extra_token_pos else None
        guidance_scatter_index = torch.tensor(extra_token_pos['guidance'], dtype=torch.long) \
            if 'guidance' in extra_token_pos else None
        cond_timestep_scatter_index = torch.tensor(extra_token_pos['cond_timestep'], dtype=torch.long) \
            if 'cond_timestep' in extra_token_pos else None
        gen_timestep_scatter_index = torch.tensor(extra_token_pos['gen_timestep'], dtype=torch.long) \
            if 'gen_timestep' in extra_token_pos else None

        # Gen image mask
        gen_image_slices, gen_image_mask = self.parse_extra_token_pos(extra_token_pos, 'img', full_seq_token_tensor)
        # Joint image
        joint_image_slices, _ = self.parse_extra_token_pos(extra_token_pos, 'joint_img', full_seq_token_tensor)
        # Conditional vae image
        cond_vae_image_slices, cond_vae_image_mask = self.parse_extra_token_pos(
            extra_token_pos, 'vae_img', full_seq_token_tensor)
        # Conditional vit image
        cond_vit_image_slices, cond_vit_image_mask = self.parse_extra_token_pos(
            extra_token_pos, 'vit_img', full_seq_token_tensor)
        # All image slices (gen_image, joint_image)
        all_image_slices = [
            slice(start, end + 1)
            for start, end in zip(extra_token_pos['<all_img>_start'], extra_token_pos['<all_img>_end'])
        ] if '<all_img>_start' in extra_token_pos and '<all_img>_end' in extra_token_pos else []

        # Text mask
        text_slices = [
            slice(start, end + 1)
            for start, end in zip(extra_token_pos['<text>_start'], extra_token_pos['<text>_end'])
        ] if '<text>_start' in extra_token_pos and '<text>_end' in extra_token_pos else []
        assert len(text_slices) <= len(text_mask_specs), \
            (f"Number of text slices ({len(text_slices)}) should be less than or equal to "
             f"number of text mask specs ({len(text_mask_specs)})")
        if use_text_mask:
            text_mask = torch.zeros_like(full_seq_token_tensor, dtype=torch.float32)
            for text_slice, mask_spec in zip(text_slices, text_mask_specs):
                if not mask_spec['ignore']:
                    real_slice = slice(
                        text_slice.start + mask_spec['start_offset'],
                        text_slice.stop + mask_spec['end_offset']
                    )
                    text_mask[real_slice] = 1.0
        else:
            text_mask = None

        # real_pos is the first position of the <pad> token
        real_pos = torch.tensor(extra_token_pos.get('first_pad', [full_seq_token_tensor.shape[0]]), dtype=torch.long)

        return TokenizerEncodeOutput(
            tokens=full_seq_token_tensor,
            timestep_scatter_index=timestep_scatter_index,
            guidance_scatter_index=guidance_scatter_index,
            text_slices=text_slices,
            gen_image_slices=gen_image_slices,
            joint_image_slices=joint_image_slices,
            cond_vae_image_slices=cond_vae_image_slices,
            cond_vit_image_slices=cond_vit_image_slices,
            text_mask=text_mask,
            gen_image_mask=gen_image_mask,
            cond_vae_image_mask=cond_vae_image_mask,
            cond_vit_image_mask=cond_vit_image_mask,
            real_pos=real_pos,
            all_image_slices=all_image_slices,
            cond_timestep_scatter_index=cond_timestep_scatter_index,
            gen_timestep_scatter_index=gen_timestep_scatter_index,
        )

    def get_cot_sections(self, cot_text, uncond_kwargs, cot_max_length=None, drop_think=False):
        if not cot_text:  # None or empty
            return []
        if '<think>' in cot_text and '</think>' in cot_text:
            before_think_sec = cot_text.split('<think>')[0]
            after_think_sec = cot_text.split('</think>')[1]
            think_sec = cot_text.split('<think>')[1].split('</think>')[0]
            return self.get_cot_sections(before_think_sec, uncond_kwargs, drop_think=drop_think) + \
                ([
                    dict(type="text", text="<think>"),
                    dict(type="text", text=think_sec, max_length=cot_max_length, **uncond_kwargs),
                    dict(type="text", text="</think>")
                ] if not drop_think else []) + \
                self.get_cot_sections(after_think_sec, uncond_kwargs, drop_think=drop_think)

        if '<recaption>' in cot_text and '</recaption>' in cot_text:
            before_recaption_sec = cot_text.split('<recaption>')[0]
            after_recaption_sec = cot_text.split('</recaption>')[1]
            recaption_sec = cot_text.split('<recaption>')[1].split('</recaption>')[0]
            return self.get_cot_sections(before_recaption_sec, uncond_kwargs, drop_think=drop_think) + \
                [
                    dict(type="text", text="<recaption>"),
                    dict(type="text", text=recaption_sec, max_length=cot_max_length, **uncond_kwargs),
                    dict(type="text", text="</recaption>")
                ] + \
                self.get_cot_sections(after_recaption_sec, uncond_kwargs, drop_think=drop_think)

        return [
            dict(type="text", text=cot_text, **uncond_kwargs),
        ]

    def apply_general_template(
            self,
            message_list,
            max_length=None,
            add_assistant_prefix=False,
            answer="auto",
            bot_task="auto",
            sequence_template="instruct",
            uncond_p=0.0,
            cfg_factor=1,
            batchify=False,
            image_base_size=1024,
            drop_think=False,
    ):
        # If cfg_factor > 1, we need to repeat the unconditioned part
        if batchify:
            assert isinstance(message_list[0], list), \
                f"When batchify is True, message_list should be a list of list, but got [{type(message_list[0])}, ...]."
            return self.batch_gen_infer(
                infer_fn=self.apply_general_template,
                prompt_list=[[]],
                infer_fn_kwargs_list=[dict(
                    message_list=message_list_i,
                    max_length=max_length,
                    add_assistant_prefix=add_assistant_prefix,
                    answer=answer,
                    bot_task=bot_task,
                    sequence_template=sequence_template,
                    image_base_size=image_base_size,
                    drop_think=drop_think,
                ) for message_list_i in message_list],
                do_classifier_free_guidance=cfg_factor > 1,
                condition_repeat_times=1,
                uncondition_repeat_times=cfg_factor - 1,
            )

        conv = Conversation()
        uncond_kwargs = dict(uncond_enabled=uncond_p == 1.0, uncond_p=uncond_p)

        def process_successive_message(_message_list, _cur_message_idx, role, prefix, suffix,
                                       answer_prefix="", answer_suffix=""):
            _sub_sections = []
            while _cur_message_idx < len(message_list) and _message_list[_cur_message_idx]['role'] == role:
                message = _message_list[_cur_message_idx]
                if message['type'] == 'text':
                    text = message['content']
                    if role == "system":
                        _sub_sections.append(dict(type="text", text=text))
                    elif role == "assistant":
                        if ("<recaption>" in text and "</recaption>" in text) or (
                                "<think>" in text and "</think>" in text):
                            _sub_sections.extend(self.get_cot_sections(text, uncond_kwargs, drop_think=drop_think))
                        else:
                            _sub_sections.append(dict(type="text", text=text, **uncond_kwargs))
                    else:
                        _sub_sections.append(dict(
                            type="text", text=f"{answer_prefix}{text}{answer_suffix}", **uncond_kwargs))
                elif message['type'] == 'gen_image':
                    info = message['content']
                    assert isinstance(info, ImageInfo), f"Expected ImageInfo, but got {type(info)}"
                    if role == "assistant":
                        _sub_sections.append(dict(type="text", text=answer_prefix))
                    _sub_sections.append(dict(type=message['type'], **info.meta_info))
                    if role == "assistant":
                        _sub_sections.append(dict(type="text", text=answer_suffix))
                elif message['type'] == 'joint_image':
                    info = message['content']
                    assert isinstance(info, JointImageInfo), f"Expected JointImageInfo, but got {type(info)}"
                    _sub_sections.append(dict(type=message['type'], **info.meta_info))
                else:
                    raise ValueError(f"Unknown message type: {message['type']}")
                _cur_message_idx += 1
            if len(_sub_sections) > 0:
                # Add role prefix and suffix
                _sub_sections.insert(0, dict(type='text', text=prefix))
                _sub_sections.append(dict(type='text', text=suffix))
            return _sub_sections, _cur_message_idx

        # Define assistant prefix and suffix
        if (answer == "auto" and sequence_template == "instruct") or answer is True:
            answer_prefix, answer_suffix = "<answer>", "</answer>"
        else:
            answer_prefix, answer_suffix = "", ""
        if sequence_template == "pretrain":
            system_suffix = ""
            user_prefix = ""
            user_suffix = ""
            bot_prefix = ""
            bot_suffix = ""
        else:
            system_suffix = f"{conv.sep}"
            user_prefix = f"{conv.roles[0]}: "
            user_suffix = f"{conv.sep}"
            bot_prefix = f"{conv.roles[1]}: "
            bot_suffix = f"{conv.sep}"

        # Process successive user and assistant messages
        sections = []
        cur_message_idx = 0
        final_role = None
        while cur_message_idx < len(message_list):
            # Process successive system messages
            sub_sections, cur_message_idx = process_successive_message(
                message_list, cur_message_idx, role="system", prefix="", suffix=system_suffix)
            # Add to the template and sections
            sections.extend(sub_sections)
            if len(sub_sections) > 0:
                final_role = "system"

            # Process successive user messages
            sub_sections, cur_message_idx = process_successive_message(
                message_list, cur_message_idx, role="user", prefix=user_prefix, suffix=user_suffix)
            # Add to the template and sections
            sections.extend(sub_sections)
            if len(sub_sections) > 0:
                final_role = "user"

            # Process successive assistant messages
            sub_sections, cur_message_idx = process_successive_message(
                message_list, cur_message_idx, role="assistant", prefix=bot_prefix, suffix=bot_suffix,
                answer_prefix=answer_prefix, answer_suffix=answer_suffix,
            )
            # Add to the template and sections
            sections.extend(sub_sections)
            if len(sub_sections) > 0:
                final_role = "assistant"

        if add_assistant_prefix:
            if final_role == "assistant":
                # Avoid adding prefix twice
                _bot_prefix = ""
                # Remove the final bot_suffix
                if len(sections) > 0 and sections[-1]['type'] == 'text' and sections[-1]['text'] == bot_suffix:
                    sections = sections[:-1]
            else:
                _bot_prefix = bot_prefix
            # We can add special tokens for the bot lastest message according to different tasks
            bot_response_prefix = dict(
                auto=_bot_prefix,
                think=f"{_bot_prefix}<think>",
                recaption=f"{_bot_prefix}<recaption>",
                img_ratio=f"{_bot_prefix}{answer_prefix}<boi><img_size_{image_base_size}>",
            )[bot_task]
            sections.append(dict(type='text', text=bot_response_prefix))

        output = self.encode_general(
            sections=sections,
            use_text_mask=False,
            add_eos=False,
            add_pad=False,
        )

        if max_length is not None:
            if output.tokens.shape[-1] > max_length:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Encoded token length {output.tokens.shape[-1]} exceeds max_length {max_length}.\n"
                    f"Please set a larger max_length or check the input messages:\n{message_list}"
                )

        return output, sections

    def apply_chat_template(
            self,
            batch_prompt: Optional[List[str]] = None,
            batch_message_list: Optional[List[List[Dict[str, Any]]]] = None,
            mode: str = "gen_text",
            batch_gen_image_info: Optional[List[ImageInfo]] = None,
            batch_cond_image_info: Optional[Union[List[JointImageInfo], List[List[JointImageInfo]]]] = None,
            batch_system_prompt: Optional[List[str]] = None,
            batch_cot_text: Optional[List[str]] = None,
            max_length: Optional[int] = None,
            bot_task: str = "auto",    # auto/think/recaption/img_ratio
            image_base_size: int = 1024,
            sequence_template: str = "pretrain",
            cfg_factor: int = 1,
            add_assistant_prefix: Optional[bool] = None,
            drop_think: bool = False,
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        assert bot_task in ["auto", "think", "recaption", "img_ratio"], \
            f"bot_task should be one of ['auto', 'think', 'recaption', 'img_ratio'], but got {bot_task}."

        if batch_message_list is None:
            # Simple text-to-image or text-cot-to-image task
            batch_size = len(batch_prompt)

            # Batchify inputs
            if not isinstance(batch_system_prompt, list):
                batch_system_prompt = [batch_system_prompt] * batch_size
            if not isinstance(batch_gen_image_info, list):
                batch_gen_image_info = [batch_gen_image_info] * batch_size
            if batch_cot_text is not None:
                assert len(batch_cot_text) == batch_size, \
                    (f"batch_cot_text should have the same length as batch_size ({batch_size}), "
                     f"but got {len(batch_cot_text)}.")
            else:
                batch_cot_text = [None] * batch_size
            if batch_cond_image_info is not None:
                assert len(batch_cond_image_info) == batch_size, \
                    (f"batch_cond_image_info should have the same length as batch_size ({batch_size}), "
                     f"but got {len(batch_cond_image_info)}.")
                batch_cond_image_info = [
                    cond_image_info if isinstance(cond_image_info, list) else [cond_image_info]
                    for cond_image_info in batch_cond_image_info
                ]
            else:
                batch_cond_image_info = [[] for _ in range(batch_size)]

            # Convert single round materials into standard message list
            batch_message_list = []
            for prompt, system_prompt, cot_text, gen_image_info, cond_image_info_list in zip(
                    batch_prompt, batch_system_prompt, batch_cot_text, batch_gen_image_info,
                    batch_cond_image_info,
            ):
                message_list = []
                # 1. system prompt section
                if system_prompt:
                    message_list.append(dict(
                        role="system", type="text", content=system_prompt, context_type="str"))
                # 2. user inputs sections
                #   2.1 image inputs
                if len(cond_image_info_list) > 0:
                    message_list.extend([
                        dict(role="user", type="joint_image", content=cond_image_info, context_type="image_info")
                        for cond_image_info in cond_image_info_list
                    ])
                #   2.2 text inputs
                message_list.append(dict(
                    role="user", type="text", content=prompt, context_type="str"))
                # 3. assistant answer sections
                if cot_text is not None:
                    message_list.append(dict(role="assistant", type="text", content=cot_text, context_type="str"))
                if mode == "gen_image":
                    message_list.append(dict(
                        role="assistant", type="gen_image", content=gen_image_info, context_type="image_info"))
                # ---
                batch_message_list.append(message_list)

        output, sections = self.apply_general_template(
            message_list=batch_message_list,
            max_length=max_length,
            add_assistant_prefix=default(add_assistant_prefix, mode != "gen_image"),
            bot_task=bot_task,
            sequence_template=sequence_template,
            cfg_factor=cfg_factor,
            batchify=True,
            image_base_size=image_base_size,
            drop_think=drop_think,
        )
        return dict(output=output, sections=sections)