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--- |
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license: cc |
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language: |
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- it |
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pretty_name: SubCat |
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--- |
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# SubCat: A Dataset of Subordinate Categories in Human Mind and LLMs for the Italian Language |
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<div align="center"> |
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<!-- <img src="assets/subCat.png" height="400" width="auto" style="border-radius:3%" /> --> |
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<img src="assets/subCat_2.png" height="400" width="auto" style="border-radius:3%" /> |
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</div> |
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A psycholinguistic italian dataset released with the paper <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.21301">How Humans and LLMs Organize Conceptual Knowledge: Exploring Subordinate Categories in Italian</a>. It contains a list of subordiante categories, or exemplars, for 187 concrete words or, basic-level categories. |
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## Dataset Creation |
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The dataset was created to study how Italian L1 speakers generate exemplars for common object categories. The stimuli consisted of 187 basic-level concrete categories (e.g., dog, table) organized under 12 superordinate semantic categories (e.g., animals, furniture). |
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An exemplar generation task was administered to 365 Italian L1 speakers. Participants were presented with a list of 15-16 categories and asked to produce as many exemplars as possible for each concept at their own pace. |
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The final human dataset, after cleaning and standardization, consists of 24,659 exemplars. |
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## Data Processing |
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Raw data underwent a post-processing step to correct common typos and misspellings. This was done to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the final dataset. The corrected exemplars were then standardized to a common format. |
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## Dataset Description |
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- **Curated by:** [ABSTRACTION-ERC Team](https://site.unibo.it/abstraction/it) |
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- **Curated by:** [AI4Text Group](https://hlt-isti.github.io/) |
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** Italian |
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- **License:** CC BY 4.0 |
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## Dataset Structure |
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The dataset contains the aggregated results of the human experiment. For row in the dataset contains a unique subordinate exemplars and related statistics. The dataset contains the following columns: |
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1. `category`: the super-ordinate category |
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2. `concept`: the basic-level category |
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3. `exemplar`: the generated/produced sub-ordinate level exemplar/concept |
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4. `exemplar_string`: a sanitized version of the exemplar |
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5. `availability`: a metric which represents how readily the exemplar is produced as a member of its associated category |
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6. `count`: the number of occurrences of the exemplar across participants |
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7. `min_rank`: the minimum rank of exemplar's occurrence |
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8. `max_rank`: the highest rank of exemplar's occurrence |
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9. `mean_rank`: the average rank of exemplar's occurrence |
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10. `first_occur`: the ratio of exemplar occurring at first rank, divided by the total number of exemplar's occurrence |
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11. `dominance`: the proportion of participants who produce the exemplar given its associated category |
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12. `abs_freq_corpus`: only for LLM's generated exemplars, the number of exemplar's occurrences in the italian corpus `ItTenTen` |
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## Citation |
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the dataset, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. --> |
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If you find this dataset is useful in your own work, please consider citing it as follows: |
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``` |
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@inproceedings{pedrotti-etal-2025-humans, |
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title = "How Humans and {LLM}s Organize Conceptual Knowledge: Exploring Subordinate Categories in {I}talian", |
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author = "Pedrotti, Andrea and |
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Rambelli, Giulia and |
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Villani, Caterina and |
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Bolognesi, Marianna", |
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editor = "Che, Wanxiang and |
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Nabende, Joyce and |
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Shutova, Ekaterina and |
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Pilehvar, Mohammad Taher", |
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booktitle = "Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)", |
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month = jul, |
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year = "2025", |
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address = "Vienna, Austria", |
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publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", |
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url = "https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.224/", |
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doi = "10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.224", |
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pages = "4464--4482", |
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ISBN = "979-8-89176-251-0", |
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} |
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``` |
