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What video rental store, with over 5000 locations worldwide, recently announced their bankruptcy, after getting slaughtered in the marketplace by Redbox and Netflix?

block buster

[DOC] [TLE] Video rental shopA video rental shop/store is a physical business that rents home videos such as movies and prerecorded TV shows. Typically, a rental shop conducts business with customers under conditions and terms agreed upon in a rental agreement or contract, which may be implied, explicit, or written. Many video rental stores also sell previously-viewed movies and/or new, unopened movies. In the 1980s, video rental stores rented VHS and Beta tape copies of movies, although most stores dropped Beta tapes when VHS won the format war. In the 2000s, video rental stores began renting DVDs, which eventually displaced VHS. In the 2010s, video rental stores added high-definition Blu-ray discs to their offerings. Video rentals are also offered in other business such as drugstores or convenience stores. [PAR] The widespread availability of video on demand on cable TV systems and VHS-by-mail services offered consumers a way of watching movies without having to leave their home. With the advent of the World Wide Web, Internet services such as Netflix have become increasingly popular since the mid–2000s. All of these new ways of watching movies have greatly reduced the demand for video rental shops. [PAR] Overview [PAR] Typically, a customer must sign up for an account with the shop and give a form of security such as a credit card number or driver's license. If the customer does not return the movie, the store can charge the cost of the movie to the customer's credit card. If items are returned late, the shop usually charges late fees, which typically accumulate day by day. Some shops have policies where instead of late fees, they will treat overdue items as a sale after a certain date, and charge a price equivalent to a standard sale of that object (with appropriate deductions for the rental fee already paid and for its pre-opened condition). [PAR] While video rental stores primarily offer movies, many also rent recorded TV shows, music CDs or video game discs. Some video rental outlets use a kiosk or vending machine to dispense and collect rentals. Some video rental stores also sell snack items like microwave popcorn, chips, candy, chocolate and soda. [PAR] In 2010, a report indicated that in the United States and Canada, public libraries collectively loaned more DVDs than the online rental outlet Netflix. [PAR] History [PAR] The world's oldest business that rents out copies of movies for private use was opened by Eckhard Baum in Kassel, West Germany in the summer of 1975. Baum collected movies on Super 8 film as a hobby and lent pieces of his collection to friends and acquaintances. Because they showed great interest in his films, he came up with the idea of renting out films as a sideline. Over the years, videotapes and optical discs were added to the range. Baum still operates the business as of September 2015 and was portrayed in the June 2006 documentary film “Eckis Welt” by Olaf Saumer. [PAR] The first professionally managed video rental store in the U.S. was opened by George Atkinson in December 1977 at 12011 Wilshire Boulevard in Los Angeles. After 20th Century Fox had made an agreement with Magnetic Video founder Andre Blay to license him 50 of their titles for sale directly to consumers, amongst them Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, M*A*S*H, Hello, Dolly!, Patton, The French Connection, The King And I and The Sound Of Music, Atkinson bought all the titles in both VHS and Beta formats, and offered them for rent. Such stores led to the creation of video rental chains such as West Coast Video, Blockbuster Video, and Rogers Video in the 1980s. [PAR] By mid-1985 the United States had 15,000 video rental stores, and many record, grocery, and drug stores also rented tapes. The press discussed the VCR "and the viewing habits it has engendered — the Saturday night trip down to the tape rental store to pick out for a couple of bucks the movie you want to see when you want to see it", Video rental stores had customers of all ages and were part of a fast-growing business. By 1987, for example, Pennsylvania had 537 stores that

In the classic 1990 movie Home Alone, where is the McCallister family headed on vacation when 8 year old Kevin is mistakenly left behind?

paris

[DOC] [TLE] Home Alone: Family Fun Edition (1990) - DVD Movie GuideHome Alone: Family Fun Edition (1990) [PAR] Home Alone: Family Fun Edition (1990) [PAR] Reviewed by Colin Jacobson (November 7, 2006) [PAR] In 1990, the sleepers were the kings - and queens - of the box office. That was a year in which highly-touted flicks like Dick Tracy failed to live up to expectations while some lesser-lights cleaned up financially. Four of 1990�s pictures currently rank within the top 100 highest-grossing films of all-time. [PAR] At number 95, the year�s first breakout hit came out in the spring. Pretty Woman made Julia Roberts a star and revived the career of Richard Gere as it took in $178 million and inspired prostitutes all over the world. The next surprise success came during the summer with another �chick flick�, Ghost . A complete surprise to most, this weepy comedy nailed an impressive $217 million, which allows it to land at 55th on the all-time chart. [PAR] Of the four films under discussion, the riskiest was definitely the fall�s Dances With Wolves . Prior to release, industry wags dubbed it �Kevin�s Gate�, for they were absolutely certain the three-hour western would derail star Kevin Costner�s career. Instead, the movie nabbed a bunch of Academy Awards - including Best Picture and Best Director for Costner - and it earned a heap of wampum as well; ultimately the movie grossed $184 million, which qualifies it for 83rd on the all-time list. [PAR] For all of the monetary success achieved by these three films, none of them compared with the final flick in our little list of four. Arriving around the same time as Dances With Wolves, Home Alone appealed to a very different demographic, but it maintained enough interest for a broad audience to swipe an amazing $285 million. That easily made it the biggest hit of 1990, and it currently leaves it at 27th on the all-time chart. [PAR] (Box office footnote: all four have plummeted in the charts since I originally reviewed Home Alone in 2001. Pretty Woman dropped 44 spots, while Ghost went down 29. Wolves fell 41 places and Home Alone sank 15. That means Alone is lower on the chart now than Ghost was five years ago!) [PAR] Frankly, I could never understand the huge success of Alone, though that doesn�t mean that I didn�t comprehend the general appeal of the material. Hmm� those concepts seem to contradict themselves. What I mean is that while I can see why a certain audience might enjoy Home Alone, I fail to perceive how this silly junk could become the 12th top-grossing film ever. Perhaps Serendipity - the muse from Dogma - was right; someone must have sold their soul to get the grosses up on this piece of hooey. [PAR] In Home Alone, we meet the very upper-middle-class McCallister family. Headed by father Peter (John Heard) and mother Kate (Catherine O�Hara), this brood - which also includes extended family such as cousins, aunts and uncles for the holidays - plans to head to France for Christmas. Stuck in the middle of the pandemonium, young Kevin (Macaulay Culkin) feels that he always gets the shaft. No one listens to him or respects him, and after he gets in trouble for a fight with his brother, he tells Mom that he wishes he didn�t live with them. [PAR] Fairy tales can come true. A storm knocks out their power, which makes the clan run late for their flight. In the ruckus to get to the airport, Kevin fails to make the van. No one notices this until they�re on the jet to Paris. That�s when Kate realizes that her son is� home alone! [PAR] Fortunately for all involved, Kevin is a resourceful eight-year-old, and much of the movie shows the fun he has with all his freedom

With an accepted height of 11,249 feet, what is the tallest mountain in Oregon, and the 4th highest in the Cascades?

mount hood

[DOC] [TLE] OregonOregon ( ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Oregon is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north by Washington, on the south by California, on the east by Idaho, and on the southeast by Nevada. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary, and the Snake River delineates much of the eastern boundary. The parallel 42° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada. It is one of only three states of the contiguous United States to have a coastline on the Pacific Ocean, and the proximity to the ocean heavily influences the state's mild winter climate, despite the latitude. [PAR] Oregon was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before Western traders, explorers, and settlers arrived. An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843, the Oregon Territory was created in 1848, and Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14, 1859. Today, at 98,000 square miles (255,000 km²), Oregon is the ninth largest and, with a population of 4 million, 26th most populous U.S. state. The capital of Oregon is Salem, the second most populous of its cities, with 160,614 residents (2013 estimate). With 609,456 residents (2013 estimate), Portland is the largest city in Oregon and ranks 29th in the U.S. Its metro population of 2,314,554 (2013 estimate) is 24th. The Willamette Valley in western Oregon is the state's most densely populated area, home to eight of the ten most populous cities. [PAR] Oregon's landscape is diverse, with a windswept Pacific coastline; a volcano-studded Cascade Range; abundant bodies of water in and west of the Cascades; dense evergreen, mixed, and deciduous forests at lower elevations; and a high desert sprawling across much of its east all the way to the Great Basin. The tall conifers, mainly Douglas fir, along Oregon's rainy west coast contrast with the lighter-timbered and fire-prone pine and juniper forests covering portions to the east. Abundant alders in the west fix nitrogen for the conifers. Stretching east from central Oregon are semi-arid shrublands, prairies, deserts, steppes, and meadows. At 11249 ft, Mount Hood is the state's highest point, and Crater Lake National Park is Oregon's only national park. [PAR] Etymology [PAR] The earliest evidence of the name Oregon has Spanish origins. The term "orejón" comes from the historical chronicle Relación de la Alta y Baja California (1598) written by the new Spaniard Rodrigo Motezuma and made reference to the Columbia river when the Spanish explorers penetrated into the actual north american territory that became part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This chronicle is the first topographical and linguistic source with respect to the place name Oregon. There are also two other sources with Spanish origins such as the name Oregano which grows in the southern part of the region. It is most probable that the American territory was named by the Spaniards as there are some populations in Spain such as "Arroyo del Oregón" which is situated in the province of Ciudad Real, also considering that the individualization in Spanish language "El Orejón" with the mutation of the letter "g" instead of "j". [PAR] Another early use of the name, spelled Ouragon, was in a 1765 petition by Major Robert Rogers to the Kingdom of Great Britain. The term referred to the then-mythical River of the West (the Columbia River). By 1778 the spelling had shifted to Oregon. In his 1765 petition, Rogers wrote: [PAR] The rout...is from the Great Lakes towards the Head of the Mississippi, and from thence to the River called by the Indians Ouragon... [PAR] One theory is the name comes from the French word ouragan ("windstorm" or "hurricane"), which was applied to the River of the West based on Native American tales of powerful Chinook winds of the lower Columbia River, or perhaps from firsthand French experience with the Chinook winds of the Great Plains. At the time, the River of the West was thought to rise in western Minnesota and flow west through

The winner of Sundays matches between the Hamilton Tiger-Cats and Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Edmonton Eskimos and BC Lions will meet on Nov 27 in Vancouver to vie for what trophy?

grey cup

[DOC] [TLE] BC LionsThe BC Lions are a professional Canadian football team competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). Based in Vancouver, British Columbia, the Lions play their home games at BC Place in Downtown Vancouver. [PAR] The Lions played their first season in 1954, and have played every season since. As such, they are the oldest professional sports franchise in the city of Vancouver and in the province of British Columbia. They have appeared in the league's Grey Cup championship game 10 times, winning six of those games, with their most recent championship occurring in 2011. [PAR] The Lions were the first Western Canadian team to have won the Grey Cup at home, having done so in 1994 and 2011, before Saskatchewan won in 2013, while also becoming the only team to beat an American-based franchise in a championship game, a feat accomplished in 1994. The Lions currently have the longest active playoff streak, and are tied for the second-longest in CFL history, having made the playoffs for 19 straight seasons. [PAR] Team facts [PAR] Founded: 1954 [PAR] Name: the team is named for the Lions, a pair of mountain peaks overlooking the team's home city of Vancouver [PAR] Helmet design: white background, with a black BC and a profile of an orange mountain lion's head [PAR] Uniform colours: orange and white with black accents [PAR] Nickname: Leos [PAR] Mascot: Leo the Lion [PAR] Fight song: "Roar, You Lions, Roar" composed by Dal Richards and His Orchestra [PAR] Stadiums: Empire Stadium (1954–1982), Empire Field (2010–2011) and BC Place Stadium (1983–2009, 2011–present) [PAR] Main rivals: Montreal Alouettes (Labour Day Classic) and Saskatchewan Roughriders [PAR] Western Division 1st Place: 13—1963, 1964, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2011, and 2012 [PAR] Western Division championships: 10—1963, 1964, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1994, 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2011 [PAR] Grey Cup championships: 6—1964, 1985, 1994, 2000, 2006, and 2011 [PAR] 2015 regular season record: 7 wins, 11 losses [PAR] Ownership [PAR] The BC Lions Football Club is owned by businessman David Braley, who purchased the club in 1997. Braley was a member of the Canadian Senate. As of 2011, the BC Lions Football Club executive committee consisted of four people: [PAR] *David Braley, owner and governor [PAR] *Dennis Skulsky, president, CEO, and alternate governor [PAR] *Wally Buono, general manager and vice president of football operations, alternate governor [PAR] *George Chayka, vice president of business [PAR] Franchise history [PAR] Origin of the Lions [PAR] In 1951, a group led by Ken Stauffer and Tiny Radar were inspired by Vancouver Sun columnist Andy Lytle's article to start a football team in Vancouver that would play in the West's top league of the time, the Western Interprovincial Football Union (an earlier team known as the Vancouver Grizzlies had played one season in the WIFU in 1941). The ownership group sent Radar and Orville Burke to represent them at the off-season WIFU meetings to initiate Vancouver’s bid for a team. The Burkes were told to return to the meetings the following year with a $25,000 good-faith bond if they could generate sufficient interest in the Vancouver area. The first meetings were held at the Arctic Club in November and a committee headed by Burke and Harry Spring of the Meraloma Rugby Club, set out to sell memberships at $20 each. [PAR] Though Burke, Vic Spencer, and John Davidson offered the good-faith bond to the WIFU in 1952, the idea of having a Vancouver team was rejected when both Winnipeg and Saskatchewan voted against the idea of a fifth team. The group in Vancouver, however, did not give up their efforts to have a franchise in the WIFU. [PAR] On January 22, 1953, the first annual meeting of the club was held. In that meeting, Arthur E. Mercer was hired as the club's first president. Later in the year, Mercer, Bill Morgan, Bill Ralston, and Whit Matthews went

Name the only US president who has won the medal of honor.

theodore roosevelt

[DOC] [TLE] The Medal of Honor: 6 Surprising Facts - History in the ...The Medal of Honor: 6 Surprising Facts - History in the Headlines [PAR] The Medal of Honor: 6 Surprising Facts [PAR] July 12, 2012 By Jennie Cohen [PAR] Share this: [PAR] The Medal of Honor: 6 Surprising Facts [PAR] Author [PAR] The Medal of Honor: 6 Surprising Facts [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] One hundred fifty years ago today, President Abraham Lincoln signed into law a measure calling for an award known as the U.S. Army Medal of Honor to be bestowed upon “such noncommissioned officers and privates as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry in action, and other soldier-like qualities during the present insurrection." (The conflict referenced was the Civil War.) A provision the previous December had created a similar honor for the U.S. Navy. Since then, 3,458 men and one woman have received the Medal of Honor, the United States’ highest military decoration. On the anniversary of the medal’s creation, discover six surprising facts about the award and its recipients. [PAR] 1. At first, the idea of a Medal of Honor was dismissed as too “European.” [PAR] During the American Revolution, George Washington established the first combat decoration in U.S. history, known as the Badge of Military Merit. After the conflict it fell into disuse, as did its successor, the Certificate of Merit, bestowed during the Mexican-American War. When the Civil War broke out in 1861, proponents of a new award made their case to Winfield Scott, general-in-chief of the Union Army. Scott, a respected commander despite being too feeble and corpulent to mount a horse in the waning years of his career, scoffed at the suggestion, saying it smacked of European tradition. It was only after his retirement that Medal of Honor supporters in Congress could introduce bills providing for the decoration. [PAR] 2. Only one woman has received the Medal of Honor, and her award was temporarily rescinded. [PAR] A medical doctor who supported feminist and abolitionist causes, Mary Edwards Walker volunteered with the Union Army at the outbreak of the Civil War. Despite her training, she initially had to work as a nurse before becoming the Army’s first female surgeon. Known to cross enemy lines in order to treat civilians, she may have been serving as a spy when Confederate troops captured her in the summer of 1864. Walker was later released as part of a prisoner exchange and returned to duty. On November 11, 1865, President Andrew Johnson presented her with the Medal of Honor, making her the only woman to date to receive the decoration. In 1917 the Army changed its eligibility criteria for the honor and revoked the awards of 911 non-combatants, including Walker. Nevertheless, she continued to wear her medal until her death two years later. An Army board restored Walker’s Medal of Honor in 1977, praising her “distinguished gallantry, self-sacrifice, patriotism, dedication and unflinching loyalty to her country, despite the apparent discrimination because of her sex.” [PAR] Theodore Roosevelt, the only U.S. president to have received the Medal of Honor. [PAR] 3. Theodore Roosevelt is the only U.S. president to have received the Medal of Honor, which he was awarded posthumously. [PAR] When the Spanish-American War broke out, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt famously quit his job to lead a volunteer regiment known as the Rough Riders. Roosevelt and his men played a decisive role in the Battle of San Juan Hill and took part in other confrontations in Cuba. In 1916, less than three years before his death, the 26th president was nominated for the Medal of Honor, but the Army passed him over, citing a lack of evidence for his heroic actions at San Juan Hill. President Bill Clinton posthumously awarded him the decoration in 2001. Roosevelt’s son, Theodore Jr., who served in both World Wars, also received the Medal of Honor. [PAR] 4. The youngest Medal of Honor recipient earned his award at 11 and was granted it at 13. [PAR] Born in New York, 11-year-old Willie Johnston enlisted in the Union Army alongside his father, serving as a drummer

If Misogyny is the hatred of women, what is the hatred of men?

misandry

[DOC] [TLE] MisogynyMisogyny is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls. Misogyny can be manifested in numerous ways, including social exclusion, sex discrimination, hostility, androcentrism, patriarchy, and male privilege ideas, belittling of women, violence against women, and sexual objectification of women. Misogyny can be found occasionally within ancient texts relating to various mythologies. In addition, various influential Western philosophers and thinkers have been described as misogynistic. In 2012 the Macquarie Dictionary (which documents Australian English and New Zealand English) expanded the definition to include not only hatred of women but also "entrenched prejudices against women". [PAR] Definitions [PAR] According to sociologist Allan G. Johnson, "misogyny is a cultural attitude of hatred for females because they are female." Johnson argues that: [PAR] Sociologist Michael Flood, at the University of Wollongong, defines misogyny as the hatred of women, and notes: [PAR] Dictionaries define misogyny as "hatred of women" and as "hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women". In 2012, primarily in response to events occurring in the Australian Parliament, the Macquarie Dictionary (which documents Australian English and New Zealand English) expanded the definition to include not only hatred of women but also "entrenched prejudices against women". The counterpart of misogyny is misandry, the hatred or dislike of men; the antonym of misogyny is philogyny, the love or fondness of women. [PAR] Historical usage [PAR] Classical Greece [PAR] In his book City of Sokrates: An Introduction to Classical Athens, J.W. Roberts argues that older than tragedy and comedy was a misogynistic tradition in Greek literature, reaching back at least as far as Hesiod. [PAR] The word Misogyny had a different meaning in ancient Greece, since they applied the pejorative "woman hater" expression mostly to gay men. [PAR] Misogyny comes into English from the ancient Greek word misogunia (), which survives in two passages. [PAR] The earlier, longer, and more complete passage comes from a moral tract known as On Marriage (c. 150 BC) by the stoic philosopher Antipater of Tarsus. Antipater argues that marriage is the foundation of the state, and considers it to be based on divine (polytheistic) decree. Antipater uses misogunia to describe Euripides' usual writing—tēn misogunian en tō graphein (τὴν μισογυνίαν ἐν τῷ γράφειν "the misogyny in the writing"). However, he mentions this by way of contrast. He goes on to quote Euripides at some length, writing in praise of wives. Antipater does not tell us what it is about Euripides' writing that he believes is misogynistic, he simply expresses his belief that even a man thought to hate women (namely Euripides) praises wives, so concluding his argument for the importance of marriage. He says, "This thing is truly heroic." [PAR] Euripides' reputation as a misogynist is also evidenced in another source; in Deipnosophistae (Banquet of the Learned), Athenaeus has one of the diners quoting Hieronymus of Cardia, who confirms that the view was widespread, while offering Sophocles' comment on the matter: [PAR] Despite Euripides' reputation, Antipater is not the only writer to see appreciation of women in his writing. Katherine Henderson and Barbara McManus state that he "showed more empathy for women than any other ancient writer", citing "relatively modern critics" to support their claim. [PAR] The other surviving use of the original Greek word is by Chrysippus, in a fragment from On affections, quoted by Galen in Hippocrates on Affections. Here, misogyny is the first in a short list of three "disaffections"—women (misogunian), wine (misoinian, μισοινίαν) and humanity (misanthrōpian, μισανθρωπίαν). Chrysippus' point is more abstract than Antipater's, and Galen quotes the passage as an example of an opinion contrary to his own. What is clear, however, is that he groups hatred of women with hatred of humanity generally, and even hatred of wine. "It was the prevailing medical opinion of his day that wine strengthens body and soul alike."Teun L. Tieleman, [https://books.google.com/books?id [PAR] BBiw96gj8gkC&printsecfrontcover&dq [PAR] chrysippus+on+affections&sig=6f6Y84rR_VZzorWxiGfFMYViuvM Chrysippus' on Affections:] Reconstruction and Interpretations, (Leiden:

Immortalized in an 1851 painting by Emmanuel Gottlieb Leutze, which river did George Washington cross on Christmas night in 1776 before attacking the Hessian forces during the Battle of Trenton?

delaware

[DOC] [TLE] Battle of TrentonThe Battle of Trenton was a small but pivotal battle during the American Revolutionary War which took place on the morning of December 26, 1776, in Trenton, New Jersey. After General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton the previous night, Washington led the main body of the Continental Army against Hessian soldiers garrisoned at Trenton. After a brief battle, nearly the entire Hessian force was captured, with negligible losses to the Americans. The battle significantly boosted the Continental Army's flagging morale, and inspired re-enlistments. [PAR] The Continental Army had previously suffered several defeats in New York and had been forced to retreat through New Jersey to Pennsylvania. Morale in the army was low; to end the year on a positive note, George Washington—Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army—devised a plan to cross the Delaware River on the night of December 25–26 and surround the Hessian garrison. [PAR] Because the river was icy and the weather severe, the crossing proved dangerous. Two detachments were unable to cross the river, leaving Washington with only 2,400 men under his command in the assault. The army marched 9 mi south to Trenton. The Hessians had lowered their guard, thinking they were safe from the American army, and had no long-distance outposts or patrols. Washington's forces caught them off guard and, after a short but fierce resistance, most of the Hessians surrendered. Almost two thirds of the 1,500-man garrison was captured, and only a few troops escaped across Assunpink Creek. [PAR] Despite the battle's small numbers, the American victory inspired rebels in the colonies. With the success of the revolution in doubt a week earlier, the army had seemed on the verge of collapse. The dramatic victory inspired soldiers to serve longer and attracted new recruits to the ranks. [PAR] Background [PAR] In early December 1776, American morale was very low. The Americans had been ousted from New York by the British and their Hessian auxiliaries, and the Continental Army was forced to retreat across New Jersey. Ninety percent of the Continental Army soldiers who had served at Long Island were gone. Men had deserted, feeling that the cause for independence was lost. Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, expressed some doubts, writing to his cousin in Virginia, "I think the game is pretty near up." [PAR] At the time a small town in New Jersey, Trenton was occupied by three regiments of Hessian soldiers commanded by Colonel Johann Rall, numbering about 1,400 men. Washington's force comprised 2,400 men, with infantry divisions commanded by Major Generals Nathanael Greene and John Sullivan, and artillery under the direction of Brigadier General Henry Knox. [PAR] Prelude [PAR] Intelligence [PAR] Washington had stationed a spy named John Honeyman, posing as a Tory, in Trenton. Honeyman had served with Major General James Wolfe in Quebec at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham on September 13, 1759, and had no trouble establishing his credentials as a Tory. Honeyman was a butcher and weaver, who traded with the British and Hessians. This enabled him to gather intelligence, and also to convince the Hessians that the Continental Army was in such a low state of morale that they would not attack Trenton. Shortly before Christmas, he arranged to be captured by the Continental Army, who had orders to bring him to Washington unharmed. After being questioned by Washington, he was imprisoned in a small hut, to be tried as a Tory in the morning, but a small fire broke out nearby, enabling him to "escape." [PAR] American plan [PAR] The American plan relied on launching coordinated attacks from three directions. General John Cadwalader would launch a diversionary attack against the British garrison at Bordentown, New Jersey, to block off reinforcements from the south. General James Ewing would take 700 militia across the river at Trenton Ferry, seize the bridge over the Assunpink Creek and prevent enemy troops from escaping. The main assault force of 2,400 men would cross the river north of Trenton and split into two groups, one under Greene and one under Sullivan, to launch a

What 1984 slasher film featured a fedora wearing main villain wearing a red and green sweater with a metal-clawed brown leather glove on his right hand?

nightmare on elm

[DOC] [TLE] Slasher filmSlasher films are a subgenre of horror films, typically involving a violent psychopath murdering several victims, usually with bladed tools. Although the term "slasher" is sometimes used informally as a generic term for any horror movie involving murder, analysts of the genre cite an established set of characteristics which allegedly set these films apart from other horror subgenres, such as splatter films and psychological horror films. [PAR] Some critics cite Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960) as an early influential "slasher" film, and most believe that the genre's peak occurred in American films released during the 1970s and 1980s. These classic slasher films include Tobe Hooper's The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), John Carpenter's Halloween (1978), Victor Miller and Sean S. Cunningham's Friday the 13th (1980), Wes Craven's A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984), and Don Mancini and Tom Holland's Child's Play (1988). Wes Craven's satirical film Scream (1996) revived public interest in the genre, and several of the original slasher franchises were rebooted in the years following the release of Scream. [PAR] Many films in the slasher genre continue to attract cult followings. [PAR] Definition [PAR] In Games of Terror: Halloween, Friday the 13th and the Films of the Stalker Cycle, Vera Dika defines the slasher as having a repeated plot structure, theorizing that all slasher films adhere to the following formula in one way or another. According to Dika, the plot of a slasher film is always influenced by a past event in which the film's community, often teenage characters, commits a wrongful action, or the killer experiences some sort of severe trauma. The present day plot typically involves the opposing objectives of both a killer and a hero/heroine. Slasher films often begin with a commemoration of this important past event - an anniversary that somehow reactivates or re-inspires the killer. Often, the victim in a slasher film survives, but is maimed somehow by their experience with the film's killer. Dika also believes that the genre's appeal is rooted in the audience's feelings of catharsis, recreation, and displacement, which is related to sexual pleasure. [PAR] Common tropes [PAR] Common tropes often featured in slasher films include the final girl character, and the anti-heroic characterization of the film's villain. The subject of the final girl has become a topic often discussed in introductory film courses. The prototypical character often cited as the genre's first final girl is Laurie Strode (Jamie Lee Curtis) in Halloween (1978). Final girls, who typically escape the killer's advances by a film's end, are often virgins and have at least one female friend who is portrayed as sexually active. [PAR] Popular slasher franchises tend to follow the continued efforts of each film's villain, rather than the killer's victims, who do not often reappear in sequels. The idolization of each film's killer arguably creates antiheroes of slasher film villains. Notable examples of these killer-icons include: Michael Myers, Freddy Krueger, Jason Voorhees, Chucky and Leatherface. [PAR] Origins [PAR] Some critics refer to horror plays produced at the Grand Guignol in the late 19th century as having influenced the contemporary slasher genre. Others reference the visceral images of violence in films such as Maurice Tourneur's The Lunatics (1912), a silent film adaptation of a Grand Guignol play. Public outcry in the United States over films like The Lunatics led to the passing of the Hays Code in 1930, one of the entertainment industry's earliest set of guidelines restricting what could be shown on film. Under the Hays Code, even mild references to sexuality and brutality were deemed unacceptable. [PAR] Crime writer Mary Roberts Rinehart was a major influence on the emerging horror genre. Her novel The Circular Staircase (1908), later adapted into film as The Bat (1926), tells the story of guests in a remote mansion who are menaced by a killer in a grotesque bat mask. Its success led to a series of "old dark house" films produced in the late 1920s including: The Cat and the Canary (1927), based on John Willard's 1922 stage play of

According to the Bart Simpsons TV ad, Nobody better lay a finger on my what??

butterfinger

[DOC] [TLE] Daily Billboard: Butterfinger Nobody better lay a finger ...Daily Billboard: Butterfinger Nobody better lay a finger billboards... Advertising for Movies TV Fashion Drinks Technology and More [PAR] Butterfinger Nobody better lay a finger billboards... [PAR] When Daily Billboard first saw this billboard for Butterfinger candy, the first thing that came to mind was Bart Simpson's hair, which is obviously a good association to make. [PAR] The funny thing is that Daily Billboard has only been in America for five years, so was unaware of the rich history the confectionary brand has with Matt Groenig's animated TV series, The Simpsons. [PAR] Little did we know that the chocolate brand and the dysfunctional cartoon family have shared a close working relationship since the late 80's in the form of TV commercials, product placement and other advertising. [PAR] But as you can see the advertising endorsement has returned, along with the 'Nobody better lay a finger...' slogan. [PAR] This fun and bold Butterfinger billboard was spied along Highland Avenue in Hollywood on July 7, 2013. It's also a testament to Nestlé's confidence in the candy bar's recognisability and brand strength that it doesn't feel the need to plaster a pack shot, or complete logo, all over the ad for people to know what it's for. [PAR] The only problem now is that Daily Billboard's mouth can't stop watering, contemplating all the peanut-butter and chocolate goodness that awaits. [PAR] UPDATED: First came the teaser billboard, then came these fantastic 'Usual Suspect' ad creatives (in an homage to the Bryan Singer's 1995 film) to answer the question of who laid a finger on Bart''s Butterfinger from The Simpsons large cast of characters. [PAR] It appears that no one is beyond consideration, from his siblings 'Lisa' and 'Maggie', to his parents 'Homer' and 'Marge', and even poor old 'Grampa Simpson'. Then there's the slightly more suspicious folks like 'Krusty the Clown', 'Sideshow Bob' and 'Montgomery Burns'. Who do you think the culprit is? [PAR] The Simpsons family billboard was snapped in the same location as the 'Nobody better lay a finger...' teaser and the other diabolical cartoon character creative was spied in close proximity along Highland Avenue opposite Hollywood High School on August 8, 2013, also replacing the same teaser ad. [PAR] This candy campaign is such fun and Daily Billboard loves how both Marge Simpson's and Sideshow Bob's hair peeks over the top of the billboards as an extra detail to catch your eye. [PAR] Posted by Jason in Hollywood at 12:01 AM[DOC] [TLE] Butterfinger - Simpsons Wiki - WikiaButterfinger | Simpsons Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] A typical Butterfinger bar used on commercials from 1991-1998. [PAR] “Nobody better lay a finger on my Butterfinger!” [PAR] ―Bart Simpson [PAR] Butterfinger is a popular peanut-butter and chocolate candy bar. There have been 150 commercials for Butterfinger which featured The Simpsons beginning in 1988, when America's Most Wanted first aired. [PAR] Many of the commercials featured Homer trying to get Bart 's Butterfinger, but would be one-upped by Bart each time. Each commercial closes with Bart saying the catchphrase, "Nobody better lay a finger on my Butterfinger!". In 1999, this was changed to “Bite My Butterfinger!”, then in 2001, it was changed to "Nothing Like a Butterfinger!", beginning in 2010, a slightly rewritten version of the Nobody better lay a finger slogan "Nobody's gonna lay a finger on my Butterfinger!" was introduced. [PAR] Most of these advertisements have been released on The Simpsons DVD sets as bonus features along with other commercials. [PAR] All Butterfinger commercials were available on iTunes and Netflix. The following is high quality than the VHS versions of these commercials: The Butterfinger Group (1988), Bully - Maggie's Stick (1991), The Karate Lesson (1992), Butterfinger Ice-Cream Bars (1991), Maggie's Party (1992), Bart's Locker (1993), The Raid (1994), The Shrink, Bart's Homework (1994) and

Dec 7, 1941 saw the attack on the US Naval facilities at Pearl Harbor, HI. The sinking of what battleship, now the site of a major memorial, accounted for over half the loss of life during the attack when 1,177 sailors died?

uss arizona

[DOC] [TLE] Pearl Harbor: The USS Arizona Memorial Complex [Archive ...Pearl Harbor: The USS Arizona Memorial Complex [Archive] - World Naval Ships Forums [PAR] Just a few photos of the USS Arizona memorial taken last year. [PAR] NASAAN101 [PAR] 08-02-2009, 01:14 [PAR] Guys, [PAR] i don't know if any of you saw this: Originally, the decision to move Missouri to Pearl Harbor was met with some resistance. Many people feared that the battleship, whose name has become synonymous with the end of World War II, would overshadow battleship USS Arizona, whose dramatic explosion and subsequent sinking on 7 December 1941 has since become synonymous with the attack on Pearl Harbor. To help guard against this perception Missouri was placed well back from and facing the Arizona Memorial, so that those participating in military ceremonies on Missouri�s aft decks would not have sight of the Arizona Memorial. The decision to have Missouri�s bow face the Arizona Memorial was intended to convey that Missouri now watches over the remains of the battleship Arizona so that those interred within Arizona�s hull may rest in peace. i've never been out there but i would love to go.. [PAR] Nikki [PAR] John Odom [PAR] 08-02-2009, 01:21 [PAR] The Navy and the park service have opposed everything! It took many years to overcome the resistance so that the Okie memorial could be put up. [PAR] We are still fighting over proper graves for the so-called unknowns from the Okie. Many had their dogtags or were otherwise readily identifiable. They are in mass graves at the punchbowl now. [PAR] NASAAN101 [PAR] 08-02-2009, 01:28 [PAR] John, [PAR] i always like that little part on Might MO, i'm glad she has a home.. And like i said, i would love to go out there.. RIP Arizona, you will be missed. [PAR] Nikkki [PAR] 12-06-2009, 14:45 [PAR] Hi Nikki, [PAR] Interesting stories on Pearl Harbour. Visited there in 96 or 97 - The USN really looks after visitors to the Arizona Memorial and we found it a moving experience, especially when you find she still breathes [Yeah, I know it is only pockets of oil still after all these years seeping out]. Also went on the big Mo, she looked as if she was "in all respects" ready for sea, and the guys looking after her do a first class job - we even managed to get serruptiously up to the fighting bridge and the view was worth it. [PAR] Another favourite of ours is the Fleet Sub "Pampanito" in San Francisco but that is a story for another day. [PAR] Aye....... Dave H [PAR] Don Boyer [PAR] 23-09-2009, 07:33 [PAR] Here's the USS Arizona today, after the upgrades to the monument allowing for better handicapped access and a general cleaning. There have been a large number of photos from overhead in the past few years using Polaroid lenses that will allow a better look at the underwater details. The massive damage forward is quite obvious....turret 1 is still in place, but 33 feet lower than it would have been on the ship, and it still has all three guns in place. [PAR] The USS Missouri is located just south of the Memorial, although she is being moved to drydock for painting and refurbishing in early October. [PAR] Don Boyer [PAR] 24-09-2009, 03:40 [PAR] The Arizona photo I was originally looking for, much better detail. At upper right you can see the back and top of turret 1. Surprisingly, until the National Park Service started using their dive team to catalog the ship (without entering it, by the way) they did not know turret 1 still had it's guns. [PAR] spruso [PAR] 24-09-2009, 20:26 [PAR] In 1959, for my 15th birthday, I received a copy of "Day of Infamy" by Walter Lord. I loved this book and re-read it many times. It was a terrific account of the PH attack through the eyes of people who were there. [PAR] I visited the Arizona Memorial in 1967, and again in 1970 and 1999. I make a

What was the name of Scrooge's long suffering clerk in a Christmas Carol?

cratchit

[DOC] [TLE] The Naming of Names in Charles Dickens's A Christmas CarolThe Naming of Names in Charles Dickens's Charles Dickens's "A Christmas Carol" [PAR] [ Victorian Web Home —> Authors —> Charles Dickens —> Works —> The Christmas Books ] [PAR] This essay first appeared in the 1987 Dickens Quarterly 4:1 (1987): 15-20. [PAR] mong "those devices of language and rhetoric that produce the characteristic ring of Dickens' style" (Stoehr, vii) one of the most obvious, even in his earliest writings, is the naming of names. Already in The Pickwick Papers and Oliver Twist we find that the name of a given character may work on us as readers at both literal and connotative levels — "Sowerberry" and "Bumble" in Oliver Twist being excellent examples of the sorts of names that conjure up an immediate image or, at a stroke, capture a characteristic action, or, at every repetition (consider "The Honourable Samuel Slumkey, of Slumkey Hall" in The Pickwick Papers), deliver a personal or social criticism, or simply sound progressively sillier! [15/16] [PAR] Perhaps nowhere in Dickens is the aptness of names more marked than in the first of the Christmas Books, A Christmas Carol (1843), whose homiletic nature is enhanced by the names of the principal characters: Ebenezer Scrooge, Jacob Marley, and Bob Cratchit. Upon a first reading of the story, as John Butt points out, one probably is struck by the generally-accepted connotation of the protagonist's surname: “Scrooge is not only cross-grained; he is, as his name suggests, a "screw," a "squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching. covetous old sinner." Although there is no humbug in him — indeed, he constantly suspects it in others — he belongs with the rapacious, self-seeking characters of Martin Chuzzlewit ” (17). Butt's definition of the term "scrooge" is supported by the OED: "Scroodge, var. forms of Scrouge, v." or "Scroudge. sb. colloq. or vulgar. Also scrowge [f. Scrouge v]." Wright in The English Dialect Dictionary (1904) notes exceptions to the usual spelling of "scroodge" with a "d" in several counties, including Kent, where Dickens spent his formative years. [PAR] So far, then, there is nothing in the protagonist's last name that is inconsistent with his proclaims to the audience in C. Z. Barnett's 1844 dramatic adaptation ​: "Folks say I'm tight-fisted — that I'm a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, clutching miser. What of that? It saves me from being annoyed by needy men and beggars" (Act One, Scene One). However, apart from the fact that it too 'sounds right' for him, no one has remarked on the significance of the protagonist's first name, which most recognize as some sort of allusion to the Bible, and possibly to the Old Testament. In fact, its connotation is as telling as its denotation. [PAR] As indicated by the OED, the name is an allusion to the memorial stone which the prophet Samuel set up to commemorate the Israelites' victory at Mizpeh (I Samuel, vii, 12). Prior to the age of Dickens, the term, which had literally meant "the stone of help" in Hebrew, was "Used appellatively in religious literature in fig. phrases, alluding to the sentiment' Hitherto hath the Lord helped us.' associated with the origin of the name" (OED), as in Robinson's 1758 hymn, "Come Thou Fount": "Here I raise my Ebenezer, Hither by Thy help I'm come." The OED supplies a secondary, more colloquial use of the word that was current in Dickens's own time: [PAR] 1. Occasionally (like Bethel, Zoar, Zion, etc.) adopted by Methodists , Baptists , Independents, etc. as the name of a particular chapel or meeting-house. Hence used contemptuously as a synonym for ' dissenting chapel.' 1856 Sat. Rev. II

What is the name of the King of Halloween Town who tries to take over Christmas in the Disney movie The Nightmare Before Christmas?

jack skellington

[DOC] [TLE] The Nightmare Before ChristmasThe Nightmare Before Christmas, often promoted as Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas, is a 1993 American stop motion dark fantasy musical film directed by Henry Selick, and produced and conceived by Tim Burton. It tells the story of Jack Skellington, a character from "Halloween Town" who stumbles through a portal to "Christmas Town" and decides to celebrate the holiday, with some dastardly and comical consequences. Danny Elfman wrote the film score and voiced the singing role of Jack. The principal voice cast also includes Chris Sarandon, Catherine O'Hara, William Hickey, Ken Page, Paul Reubens and Glenn Shadix. [PAR] The Nightmare Before Christmas originated in a poem written by Tim Burton in 1982, while he was working as an animator at Walt Disney Feature Animation. With the success of Vincent in the same year, Walt Disney Studios began to consider developing The Nightmare Before Christmas as either a short film or 30-minute television special. Over the years, Burton's thoughts regularly returned to the project, and in 1990, he made a development deal with Disney. Production started in July 1991 in San Francisco. Disney released the film through the Touchstone Pictures banner because the studio believed the film would be "too dark, and scary for kids." [PAR] The Nightmare Before Christmas was met with both critical and financial success. The film has since been reissued by Walt Disney Pictures and re-released annually in the Disney Digital 3-D format from 2006 until 2009, making it the first stop-motion animated feature to be entirely converted to 3D. [PAR] Plot [PAR] The story starts in a forest called Holiday Woods with seven trees containing doors leading to towns representing various holidays: Valentine's Day, St. Patrick's Day, Easter, Thanksgiving, Christmas, Halloween and Independence Day. Halloween Town is a fantasy world filled with citizens such as deformed monsters, ghosts, ghouls, goblins, vampires, werewolves and witches. Jack Skellington, a skeleton known as The Pumpkin King, leads them in organizing the annual Halloween holiday ("This is Halloween"). However, in a monologue, Jack reveals he has grown weary of the same routine year after year, and wants something more ("Jack's Lament"). Wandering dejectedly in the woods, he stumbles across the seven holiday doors and accidentally opens a portal to Christmas Town, whose residents are charged with organizing the annual Christmas holiday ("What's This?"). Impressed by the bright and cheery feeling and style of Christmas, Jack presents his findings and his understanding of Christmas, to the Halloween Town residents. However, they fail to grasp his meaning and compare everything to their ideas of Halloween, although there is one Christmas character they can relate to: the fearsome lobster-like king of Christmas Town who flies at night, named "Sandy Claws" ("Town Meeting Song"). Jack is dismayed that no one understands the feeling of Christmas, obsessively tries to study the holiday but fails to grasp any further explanation of it. He ultimately decides that it's unfair for Christmas Town alone to enjoy the feeling and there's no reason why he shouldn't be able to, and announces that the citizens of Halloween Town will take over Christmas this year ("Jack's Obsession"). [PAR] Jack's obsession with Christmas leads him to usurp the role of Santa. Every resident is assigned a task, while Sally, a beautiful rag doll woman created by the town's mad scientist, starts falling in love with Jack ("Making Christmas"). However, after a vision of a burning Christmas tree, she alone realizes that his plans to run Christmas will become disastrous, but has no luck convincing him. Jack assigns Lock, Shock and Barrel, a trio of mischievous children, to abduct Santa and bring him back to Halloween Town ("Kidnap The Sandy Claws"). Against Jack's wishes and largely for their amusement, the trio deliver Santa to Oogie Boogie, a gambling-addict bogeyman who plots to play a game with Santa's life at stake ("Oogie Boogie's Song"). [PAR] Christmas Eve arrives and Sally attempts to stop Jack with fog,

On January 16, 2001, President Bill Clinton awarded what former president a posthumous Medal of Honor, the only president to have received one?

president theodore roosevelt

[DOC] [TLE] The Medal of Honor: 6 Surprising Facts - History in the ...The Medal of Honor: 6 Surprising Facts - History in the Headlines [PAR] The Medal of Honor: 6 Surprising Facts [PAR] July 12, 2012 By Jennie Cohen [PAR] Share this: [PAR] The Medal of Honor: 6 Surprising Facts [PAR] Author [PAR] The Medal of Honor: 6 Surprising Facts [PAR] URL [PAR] Google [PAR] One hundred fifty years ago today, President Abraham Lincoln signed into law a measure calling for an award known as the U.S. Army Medal of Honor to be bestowed upon “such noncommissioned officers and privates as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry in action, and other soldier-like qualities during the present insurrection." (The conflict referenced was the Civil War.) A provision the previous December had created a similar honor for the U.S. Navy. Since then, 3,458 men and one woman have received the Medal of Honor, the United States’ highest military decoration. On the anniversary of the medal’s creation, discover six surprising facts about the award and its recipients. [PAR] 1. At first, the idea of a Medal of Honor was dismissed as too “European.” [PAR] During the American Revolution, George Washington established the first combat decoration in U.S. history, known as the Badge of Military Merit. After the conflict it fell into disuse, as did its successor, the Certificate of Merit, bestowed during the Mexican-American War. When the Civil War broke out in 1861, proponents of a new award made their case to Winfield Scott, general-in-chief of the Union Army. Scott, a respected commander despite being too feeble and corpulent to mount a horse in the waning years of his career, scoffed at the suggestion, saying it smacked of European tradition. It was only after his retirement that Medal of Honor supporters in Congress could introduce bills providing for the decoration. [PAR] 2. Only one woman has received the Medal of Honor, and her award was temporarily rescinded. [PAR] A medical doctor who supported feminist and abolitionist causes, Mary Edwards Walker volunteered with the Union Army at the outbreak of the Civil War. Despite her training, she initially had to work as a nurse before becoming the Army’s first female surgeon. Known to cross enemy lines in order to treat civilians, she may have been serving as a spy when Confederate troops captured her in the summer of 1864. Walker was later released as part of a prisoner exchange and returned to duty. On November 11, 1865, President Andrew Johnson presented her with the Medal of Honor, making her the only woman to date to receive the decoration. In 1917 the Army changed its eligibility criteria for the honor and revoked the awards of 911 non-combatants, including Walker. Nevertheless, she continued to wear her medal until her death two years later. An Army board restored Walker’s Medal of Honor in 1977, praising her “distinguished gallantry, self-sacrifice, patriotism, dedication and unflinching loyalty to her country, despite the apparent discrimination because of her sex.” [PAR] Theodore Roosevelt, the only U.S. president to have received the Medal of Honor. [PAR] 3. Theodore Roosevelt is the only U.S. president to have received the Medal of Honor, which he was awarded posthumously. [PAR] When the Spanish-American War broke out, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt famously quit his job to lead a volunteer regiment known as the Rough Riders. Roosevelt and his men played a decisive role in the Battle of San Juan Hill and took part in other confrontations in Cuba. In 1916, less than three years before his death, the 26th president was nominated for the Medal of Honor, but the Army passed him over, citing a lack of evidence for his heroic actions at San Juan Hill. President Bill Clinton posthumously awarded him the decoration in 2001. Roosevelt’s son, Theodore Jr., who served in both World Wars, also received the Medal of Honor. [PAR] 4. The youngest Medal of Honor recipient earned his award at 11 and was granted it at 13. [PAR] Born in New York, 11-year-old Willie Johnston enlisted in the Union Army alongside his father, serving as a drummer

Named for the day of its discovery by Captain William Mynors, Christmas Island, a land mass in the Indian Ocean, is a territory of what nation?

australia

[DOC] [TLE] Christmas Island environment and heritage - RegionalChristmas Island environment and heritage [PAR] Home > Territories of Australia > Christmas Island > Christmas Island environment and heritage [PAR] Christmas Island environment and heritage [PAR] Heritage [PAR] Geography and climate [PAR] The Island is the summit of a submarine mountain. It rises steeply to a central plateau dominated by rainforest. The plateau reaches heights of up to 360 metres and consists mainly of limestone with layers of volcanic rock. [PAR] The Island's 80 kilometre coastline is an almost continuous sea cliff reaching heights of up to 20 metres. There are thirteen places where breaks in the cliff give way to shallow bays and small sand and coral beaches. The largest of these bays forms the Island's port at Flying Fish Cove. The Island is surrounded by a coral reef. There is virtually no coastal shelf and the sea plummets to a depth of about 5000 metres within 200 metres of the shore. The climate is tropical and temperatures range from 21 °C to 32 °C. Humidity is around 80–90 per cent and south-east trade winds provide pleasant weather for most of the year. However, during the wet season between November and April, it is common for some storm activity to occur producing a swell in seas around the Island. The average rainfall is approximately 2000 mm per annum. [PAR] Population [PAR] Christmas Island has a resident population of approximately 2072 with an ethnic composition of approximately 60 per cent Chinese, 25 per cent Malay and 15 per cent European. [PAR] History [PAR] Christmas Island was named on Christmas Day 1643 by Captain William Mynors, the Master of a passing ship. The first landing was recorded by William Dampier in 1688. For the next two centuries little interest was shown in the Island due to its rugged coastline. [PAR] Following the discovery of phosphate deposits the Island was annexed by Britain in 1888. [PAR] The Island was occupied by Japanese forces from March 1942 until the end of the Second World War and in 1946 became a dependency of Singapore. By agreement with the United Kingdom sovereignty was transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 October 1958 under the Christmas Island Act 1958 . This day is still celebrated as Territory Day. [PAR] Flora and fauna [PAR] To see photos from Christmas Island please see the Christmas Island Photo Gallery page, which includes photos of flora and fauna. [PAR] The Island's close proximity to South-East Asia and the equator has resulted in a diverse range of flora and fauna. There are 411 recorded plant species on Christmas Island and approximately 18 of these are native. [PAR] The distribution of plants on the island is related to soil depth moisture retention as well as exposure to and distance from the sea. A dense rainforest has evolved in the deep soils of the plateau and on some terraces. The forests are dominated by several tree species. Ferns, orchids and vines flourish on the branches in the humid atmosphere beneath the canopy. [PAR] The land crabs and sea birds are the most noticeable animals on the island. To date, 20 terrestrial and intertidal crabs have been described. The diversity and abundance of land crabs is not matched by any other island. Huge robber crabs, known elsewhere as coconut crabs, are also found on Christmas Island and are capable of opening and devouring coconuts with their strong claws. [PAR] Red crabs are dotted around the forest floor all over Christmas Island. The annual red crab mass migration to the sea to spawn has been described by ecologists as one of the wonders of the natural world. This migration takes place each year after the start of the wet season synchronised with the cycle of the moon. [PAR] The Island is also a focal point for sea birds of various species. Eight species or subspecies of sea birds nest on the Island. The most numerous is the Red-footed Booby, which nests in colonies in trees on many parts of the shore terrace. The widespread Brown Booby nests on the ground near the edge of the sea cliff and inland cliffs. Abbott's Booby (listed as endangered) nests on tall emergent trees of the western, northern and southern plateau rainforest. The Christmas Island forest is the only known nesting habitat of

March 9, 1959 saw the introduction of what Mattel favorite, an 11.5 inch tall fashion doll which saw controversy when a later talking model exclaimed such phrases as Will we ever have enough clothes?, and Math class is tough!?

barbara millicent

[DOC] [TLE] BarbieBarbie is a fashion doll manufactured by the American toy-company Mattel, Inc. and launched in March 1959. American businesswoman Ruth Handler is credited with the creation of the doll using a German doll called Bild Lilli as her inspiration. [PAR] Barbie is the figurehead of a brand of Mattel dolls and accessories, including other family members and collectible dolls. Barbie has been an important part of the toy fashion doll market for over fifty years, and has been the subject of numerous controversies and lawsuits, often involving parody of the doll and her lifestyle. [PAR] Mattel has sold over a billion Barbie dolls, making it the company’s largest and most profitable line. However sales have declined sharply since 2014. The doll transformed the toy business in affluent communities worldwide by becoming a vehicle for the sale of related merchandise (accessories, clothes, friends of Barbie, etc.). She had a significant impact on social values by conveying characteristics of female independence and, with her multitude of accessories, an idealized upscale life-style that can be shared with affluent friends. [PAR] History [PAR] Ruth Handler watched her daughter Barbara play with paper dolls, and noticed that she often enjoyed giving them adult roles. At the time, most children's toy dolls were representations of infants. Realizing that there could be a gap in the market, Handler suggested the idea of an adult-bodied doll to her husband Elliot, a co-founder of the Mattel toy company. He was unenthusiastic about the idea, as were Mattel's directors. [PAR] During a trip to Europe in 1956 with her children Barbara and Kenneth, Ruth Handler came across a German toy doll called Bild Lilli. The adult-figured doll was exactly what Handler had in mind, so she purchased three of them. She gave one to her daughter and took the others back to Mattel. The Lilli doll was based on a popular character appearing in a comic strip drawn by Reinhard Beuthin for the newspaper Bild. Lilli was a blonde bombshell, a working girl who knew what she wanted and was not above using men to get it. The Lilli doll was first sold in Germany in 1955, and although it was initially sold to adults, it became popular with children who enjoyed dressing her up in outfits that were available separately. [PAR] Upon her return to the United States, Handler redesigned the doll (with help from engineer Jack Ryan) and the doll was given a new name, Barbie, after Handler's daughter Barbara. The doll made its debut at the American International Toy Fair in New York on March 9, 1959. This date is also used as Barbie's official birthday. [PAR] Mattel acquired the rights to the Bild Lilli doll in 1964 and production of Lilli was stopped. The first Barbie doll wore a black and white zebra striped swimsuit and signature topknot ponytail, and was available as either a blonde or brunette. The doll was marketed as a "Teen-age Fashion Model," with her clothes created by Mattel fashion designer Charlotte Johnson. The first Barbie dolls were manufactured in Japan, with their clothes hand-stitched by Japanese homeworkers. Around 350,000 Barbie dolls were sold during the first year of production. [PAR] Louis Marx and Company sued Mattel in March 1961. After licensing Lilli, they claimed that Mattel had “infringed on Greiner & Hausser's patent for Bild-Lilli’s hip joint, and also claimed that Barbie was "a direct take-off and copy" of Bild-Lilli. The company additionally claimed that Mattel "falsely and misleadingly represented itself as having originated the design". Mattel counter-claimed and the case was settled out of court in 1963. In 1964, Mattel bought Greiner & Hausser's copyright and patent rights for the Bild-Lilli doll for $21,600. [PAR] Ruth Handler believed that it was important for Barbie to have an adult appearance, and early market research showed that some parents were unhappy about the doll's chest, which had distinct breasts. Barbie's appearance has been changed many times, most notably in 1971 when the doll's eyes were adjusted to look forwards rather than having the demure sideways glance of the original model. [PAR]

July 27, 1940 saw the introduction of what beloved cartoon character in the 8:15 short A Wild Hare?

bugs bunny

[DOC] [TLE] A Wild HareA Wild Hare (re-released as The Wild Hare) is a 1940 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies animated short film. It was produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions, directed by Tex Avery, and written by Rich Hogan. It was originally released on July 27, 1940. A Wild Hare is considered by most film historians to be the first "official" Bugs Bunny cartoon. [PAR] The title is a play on "wild hair", the first of many puns between "hare" and "hair" that would appear in Bugs Bunny titles. The pun is carried further by a bar of I'm Just Wild About Harry playing in the underscore of the opening credits. Various directors at the Warner Bros. cartoon studio had been experimenting with cartoons focused on a hunter pursuing a rabbit since 1938, with varied approaches to the characters of both rabbit and hunter. [PAR] A Wild Hare is noteworthy as the first true Bugs Bunny cartoon, as well as for settling on the classic voice and appearance of the hunter, Elmer Fudd. Although the animators continued to experiment with Elmer's design for a few more years, his look here proved the basis for his finalized design. [PAR] The design and character of Bugs Bunny would continue to be refined over the subsequent years, but the general appearance, voice, and personality of the character were established in this cartoon. The animator of this cartoon, Virgil Ross, gave his first-person account of the creation of the character's name and personality in an interview published in Animato! Magazine, #19. [PAR] Bugs is unnamed in this film, but would be named for the first time in his next short, Elmer's Pet Rabbit, directed by Chuck Jones. The opening lines of both characters—"Be vewy, vewy quiet, I'm hunting wabbits" for Elmer, and "Eh, what's up Doc?" for Bugs Bunny—would become catchphrases throughout their subsequent films. [PAR] This cartoon was first theatrically released with the Warner Bros. film Ladies Must Live. [PAR] Plot [PAR] Elmer approaches one of Bugs' holes, puts down a carrot, and hides behind a tree. Bugs' arm reaches out of the hole, feels around, and snatches the carrot. He reaches out again and finds Elmer's double-barreled shotgun. His arm quickly pops back into the hole before returning to drop the eaten stub of Elmer's carrot and apologetically caress the end of the barrel. Elmer shoves his gun into Bugs' hole, and thus causes a struggle in which the barrel is bent into a bow. [PAR] Elmer frantically digs into the hole while Bugs emerges from a nearby hole with another carrot in his hand, lifts Fudd's hat, and raps the top of his head until Elmer notices; then chews his carrot and delivers his definitive line, "What's up, Doc?". When Elmer replies that "he's hunting 'wabbits'", Bugs chews his carrot and asks what a wabbit is; then teases Elmer by with every aspect of Fudd's description until Elmer suspects that Bugs is a rabbit. Bugs confirms this, hides behind a tree, sneaks behind Elmer, covers his eyes, and asks "Guess who?". [PAR] Elmer tries the names of contemporary screen beauties whose names exploited his accent, before he guesses the rabbit. Bugs responds "Hmm..... Could be!", kisses Elmer, and dives into a hole. Elmer sticks his head into the hole and gets another kiss from Bugs; whereafter he wipes his mouth and decides to set a trap. When Bugs puts a skunk in the trap, Fudd blindly grabs the skunk and carries it over to the watching Bugs to brag; and when Elmer sees his mistake, Bugs gives him a kiss on the nose, whereupon Fudd looks at the skunk, who winks and nudges Elmer. Fudd winces and gingerly sends the skunk on his way. [PAR] Bugs then offers a free shot at himself; fakes an elaborate death; and plays dead, leaving Elmer miserable with remorse; but survives the shot and sneaks up behind the despairing Fudd, kicks him in his rear, shoves a cigar

What is the name of the Christmas Poo, who emerges from the toilet bowl on Christmas Eve and brings presents to good boys and girls whose diets have been high in fiber, who appears on TVs South Park?

terrance and phillip

[DOC] [TLE] Terrance and Philip : Wikis (The Full Wiki)Terrance and Philip : Wikis (The Full Wiki) [PAR] 26 References [PAR] Big Gay Al [PAR] Big Gay Al (voiced by Matt Stone ) is a stereotypical homosexual man known for his flamboyant and positive demeanor. For example, he almost always responds to the greeting "How are you?" with an upbeat "I'm super! Thanks for asking!" At one point in the show, he runs an animal farm for gay animals who have been rejected by homophobic pet owners. He temporarily adopted Sparky , Stan's gay dog, who had run away from home. Later on in the episode, his large shelter vanishes, but the various animals remained, and were adopted by their former owners who had missed them greatly. Ever since, he has been a particularly good friend to Stan. [PAR] He had a minor role in South Park: Bigger, Longer and Uncut, where it is revealed he is in fact a celebrity (or had become so since his appearance in his first encounter with Stan). He was the co-host and an entertainer at the troops' USO show, in which he performed his own musical number called "I'm Super". [PAR] In the episode " Cripple Fight ", he is the leader of the boys' Boy Scout troop. However, the parents of the children are uneasy about a gay scout leader, and the club fires him. The boys rally to get him back, and Gloria Allred and others lobby the Scouts to reaccept him, suing the Scouts in a Supreme Court case that they win. Al rejects this, saying that he knows the Scouts are still good men, and since the Scouts are a private club, they should have the right to exclude people if they choose to, just as he has the right to express himself as a gay man. [PAR] Big Gay Al eventually enters into a relationship with Mr. Slave , the ex-boyfriend of Mr. Garrison , whom he married in " Follow That Egg! ". [PAR] Big Gay Al and Mr. Slave later appeared in an attempt to help the boys change the definition of the word fag in " The F Word ". [PAR] Mechanic [PAR] Mechanic is a nameless character who first appears in " Butter's Very Own Episode ", in which he directs Butters down a dark road to South Park giving the horrific history of the road to him, ending his speech with "Yah, lotta history down that road." He appears again in " Asspen " when he tries to talk Stan out of racing down the K-13 while giving the terrible history about the run and the lives lost on it, ending his speech with "Yah, a lotta history on that ski run." He also appears in " Marjorine " when he tries to talk Mr. Stotch out of burying what he believes to be Butter's body on the Indian burial ground, saying, "Don't bury your son's body at the Indian burial ground, Stotch! The one that's right up over there, behind the Andersons' bar. Sometimes... dead is better." [PAR] Darryl Weathers [PAR] Darryl Weathers is a worker from the Construction Workers' Union and says 'They took his Job" in every appearance he has. He has a flock of red hair and a big red mustache. His first appearance is in " Goobacks " where he is hosting a rally of many working-class men upset over losing their jobs to the Goobacks, time travelers from the future, who work for next to nothing. He and the other men decide to all "get gay" with one another, having homosexual sex in the hopes that this will prevent future generations of children that will give rise to the Goobacks. His next appearance is a one liner in " Smug Alert! " where he appears in the background, getting angry at Kyle's dad for putting a fake ticket on his car. His also appeared is in the episode " Margaritaville " in which he again loses his job, this time to economic hardships. He's latest appearance is in W.T.F. when he becomes a fan of the W.T.F and repeats his catchphrase

What 1963 Alfred Hitchcock movie, which introduced the ever so talented Tippi Hedren, took place at the lovely Northern California town of Bodega Bay?

bird

[DOC] [TLE] The Birds (1963) - quotes - The Alfred Hitchcock WikiThe Birds (1963) - quotes - The Alfred Hitchcock Wiki [PAR] The Alfred Hitchcock Wiki [PAR] Other Quotes about The Birds (1963) [PAR] Pre-Production [PAR] I think that "The Birds" was one of the hardest pictures for [my father] to make because it was so technical and he had to be so prepared for it that literally, as we know, when he decided a movie, he would draw the whole movie. Well, it took him a long time to draw all of this. [PAR] keywords: Alfred Hitchcock , The Birds (1963) , and pre-production [PAR] We had just finished working on "North by Northwest", and I saw Hitchcock on one of the soundstages. He stopped me and said, "I have a friend, Daphne Du Maurier, who has written a short novella." He said, "Would you read it and see if, physically, it creates too many problems." And I read it that night, and I was bowled over by its strength. But I saw it a little differently — I saw it as a mood piece. And I didn't see it as a narrative story. I spent the rest of the night — worked all night on it — and the image that came to me was [Edvard] Munch's Scream. I saw that as a kind of icon for the whole thing. [PAR] keywords: Alfred Hitchcock , Daphne du Maurier , The Birds (1963) , and pre-production [PAR] It was a sort of apocalyptic short story. It's about these birds inexplicably attacking this isolated little farmhouse in Cornwall. I read it, and I would've given my right arm to work with Alfred Hitchcock. I then spoke to him on the phone and he said, "Come on out with some ideas. We're throwing away everything but the title and the notion of birds attacking human beings. So come on out with some ideas." I remember Hitch showing me a lot of newspaper articles about unexplained bird attacks as a reminder that these things do happen, so we weren't dealing entirely with fantasy. [PAR] We searched for the turning point where it would get ominous. We recognized immediately that the audience wasn't gonna sit there for two hours waiting for a bird attack. So we very carefully measured out the lengths between the bird attacks so that the audience would sit there, we'd throw them a crumb, so to speak. So the first one was when the gull hits Melanie in the rowboat. [PAR] One of the ideas I brought to Hitch was a school teacher coming to a town and bird attacks start when she comes to the town to teach there. And the provincials think she must have something to do with it. There's an echo of that in the scene in the Tides Restaurant, from the mother — "You're responsible for this. They tell me this didn't happen before you got here", and the school teacher survived as Annie Hayworth. [PAR] keywords: Alfred Hitchcock , The Birds (1963) , pre-production, and screenplay [PAR] Because of the difficult technical problems, we knew we were going to have to have continuity sketches. Well, Hitchcock loved to work that way anyway. His main thrust in all of his work was preparation. Matter of fact, he sometimes facetiously said he was bored with shooting the picture. The excitement came with the ideas that were generated in the preparatory portion of the film making process. He liked to have it all clear in his mind so that before he started to shoot, he saw the whole movie in his mind. There are very few people, directors or otherwise, that can hold this kind of a concept. Harold Michelson was the main production illustrator on "The Birds". He did, I think, almost all of the illustrations. [PAR] keywords: Alfred Hitchcock , Harold Michelson , The Birds (1963) , and pre-production [PAR] We were just trying to find a hook — a way to get into the movie. And on the lunch hour, while

On December 1, 1955, who was famously arrested on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama for refusing to obey bus driver James Blake's order to move to the back of the bus, sparking a year long boycott of the bus service?

rosa parks

[DOC] [TLE] 1000+ ideas about Rosa Parks Bus on Pinterest | Henry Ford ...1000+ ideas about Rosa Parks Bus on Pinterest | Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks and Rosa Parks Bus Boycott [PAR] Forward [PAR] Rosa Parks was asked to move to the back of the bus where black people were expected to sit, by the whites. When she refused, police became involved, essentially leading to her arrest. Rosa Parks is a true Civil Rights leader, due to her strength and bravery. This arrest eventually led to the Montgomery Bus Boycotts, where African Americans did not use the buses, but walked instead. [PAR] See more[DOC] [TLE] 1000+ ideas about Rosa Parks Bus on Pinterest | Henry Ford ...1000+ ideas about Rosa Parks Bus on Pinterest | Rosa Parks, Bus Boycott and Rosa Parks Pictures [PAR] Forward [PAR] Rosa Parks was asked to move to the back of the bus where black people were expected to sit, by the whites. When she refused, police became involved, essentially leading to her arrest. Rosa Parks is a true Civil Rights leader, due to her strength and bravery. This arrest eventually led to the Montgomery Bus Boycotts, where African Americans did not use the buses, but walked instead. [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] What If Rosa Parks Didn't Move to the Back of the Bus ...What If Rosa Parks Didn't Move to the Back of the Bus - The Henry Ford [PAR] I Don’t Move to the Back of the Bus? [PAR] I Don’t Move to the Back of the Bus? [PAR] Rosa Parks brought together a unique blend of life experiences, a commitment to racial justice, and a flawless reputation to transform a single act of defiance into a defining moment for the modern American civil rights movement. The time had just come when I had been pushed as far as I could stand to be pushed, I suppose. I had decided that I would have to know, once and for all, what rights I had as a human being, and a citizen. [PAR] Rosa Parks [PAR] Sparking a Social Transformation [PAR] It’s one of the most famous moments in modern American civil rights history: On a chilly December evening in 1955, on a busy street in the capital of Alabama, a 42-year-old seamstress boarded a segregated city bus to return home after a long day of work, taking a seat near the middle, just behind the front “white” section. At the next stop, more passengers got on. When every seat in the white section was taken, the bus driver ordered the black passengers in the middle row to stand so a white man could sit. The seamstress refused. [PAR] Rosa Parks Bus [PAR] Details [PAR] Rosa Parks’ defiance of an unfair segregation law, which required black passengers to defer to any white person who needed a seat by giving up their own, forever changed race relations in America. She was not the first African American to do this. In fact, two other black women had previously been arrested on buses in Montgomery and were considered by civil rights advocates as potential touchpoints for challenging the law. However, both women were rejected because community leaders felt they would not gain support. Rosa Parks, with her flawless character, quiet strength, and moral fortitude, was seen as an ideal candidate. And those community leaders were right: Rosa Parks’ subsequent arrest by local police sparked a collective and sustained community response. As one young Montgomery resident said at the time, city officials had “messed with the wrong one now.” The boycott of public buses by blacks in Montgomery lasted 381 days, marking the country’s first large-scale demonstration against segregation. [PAR] The boycott ultimately led the U.S. Supreme Court to outlaw racial segregation on public buses in Alabama. It also spurred more non-violent protests in other cities and catapulted a young Baptist minister named Martin Luther King, Jr., into prominence as a leader of the civil rights movement. The movement and the laws it prompted, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, are one of the greatest social revolutions in modern American history. [PAR] President Obama, among many others, credits Rosa Parks’

Dedicated to raising awareness of the AIDS pandemic, today is World AIDS day. What color ribbon is worn to mark the day?

color red

[DOC] [TLE] World AIDS Day | Article about World AIDS Day by The Free ...World AIDS Day | Article about World AIDS Day by The Free Dictionary [PAR] World AIDS Day | Article about World AIDS Day by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/World+AIDS+Day [PAR] Also found in: Acronyms , Wikipedia . [PAR] World AIDS Day [PAR] Date of Observation: December 1 [PAR] Where Celebrated: Worldwide [PAR] Symbols and Customs: Activism, Education, Fundraising, Memorial Ceremonies [PAR] Colors: The color red is associated with AIDS awareness campaigns. It is particularly featured in the looped red ribbons that have become a global symbol of AIDS awareness, remembrance, and activism. [PAR] ORIGINS [PAR] World AIDS Day was created by the World Health Organization and the United Nations General Assembly. The day is observed on December 1 to increase international awareness of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), and to promote greater social tolerance and understanding of the issues faced by people living with the disease. More than sixty-five million people have been infected with HIV, and over twenty-five million people have died of AIDS worldwide since the first cases were diagnosed in 1981. The World Health Organization forecasts more than 117 million additional deaths from AIDS by 2030. World AIDS Day draws attention to the seriousness of HIV/AIDS and its impact on a global scale. Since the first observance of World AIDS Day in 1988, it has become one of the most widely recognized international health awareness campaigns. [PAR] In planning activities and programs for World AIDS Day each year, governmental agencies and independent nonprofit organizations join together to strengthen international efforts that address the worldwide AIDS pandemic. World AIDS Day programming typically focuses on ACTIVISM , EDUCATION , and FUNDRAISING in order to raise public awareness of, and engagement with, the problem of AIDS worldwide. In addition, those who have died of AIDS are remembered in MEMORIAL CER EMONIES held on World AIDS Day. [PAR] SYMBOLS AND CUSTOMS [PAR] Activism [PAR] World AIDS Day encourages members of the general public to participate in such activist events as marches, rallies, and demonstrations. These events typically include speeches calling for improved health care and treatment for those with AIDS. Other forms of individual action commonly include volunteerism and street outreach, which supports the one-to-one education of the general public, especially youth and members of medically underserved and vulnerable populations. Outreach programs directed at politicians and members of the media may include activities such as letter writing campaigns and phone banks. [PAR] Education [PAR] Educational programs are a key component of World AIDS Day observances. These programs take a variety of forms, often including workshops, seminars, public presentations, panel discussions, health fairs, and public service announcements or advertisements. Mobile HIV testing facilities are a common feature of World AIDS Day observances. [PAR] Fundraising [PAR] Special events are commonly held on World AIDS Day to raise money for charitable organizations that assist people living with HIV/AIDS. Any manner of event may be held in conjunction with World AIDS Day, with a wide range of possibilities including art exhibits, fashion shows, musical performances, theater performances, dances, sporting events, film screenings, private parties, and so on. [PAR] Memorial Ceremonies [PAR] Candlelight memorial ceremonies are often held on World AIDS Day to remember those who have died of AIDS. Some memorial ceremonies include the display of sections of the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt (www.aidsquilt.org), which is regarded as the largest ongoing community arts project in the world. Currently containing more than 40,000 individual squares-each representing someone who has died of AIDS-the quilt is composed entirely of personal memorials created and contributed by volunteers. [PAR] FURTHER READING [PAR] Henderson, Helene, ed. Holidays, Festivals, and Celebrations of the World Dictionary, 3rd ed. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 2005. [PAR] WEB SITES [PAR] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services www.hhs.gov/aidsawarenessdays [PAR] World Health Organization, Regional Office for Southeast Asia www.searo.who.int/en/Section10/Section18/Section351.htm [PAR] World AIDS Day [PAR] December 1 [PAR] In order to promote more social tolerance and a greater awareness of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), the World Health Organization (WHO) declared December 1 as World Aids Day in 1988. Every year various global

Dec 6, 1850 saw the invention of the Ophthalmoscope, a device that allows doctors to examine what part of the body?

ocular

[DOC] [TLE] Manufacture and use of home made ophthalmoscopes: a 150th ...The Arclight Ophthalmoscope: A Reliable Low-Cost Alternative to the Standard Direct Ophthalmoscope [PAR] "However, it also has a potential application to training and education globally by providing a more affordable direct ophthalmoscope for students. In contrast to other low-cost direct ophthalmo- scopes [13, 15], the Arclight has an adjustable lens power with three settings (+4, −3, and −6 dioptres). This simple adjustment will compensate for most patient and examiner refractive error. " [PAR] [Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: Background. The Arclight ophthalmoscope is a low-cost alternative to standard direct ophthalmoscopes. This study compared the Arclight ophthalmoscope with the Heine K180 direct ophthalmoscope to evaluate its reliability in assessing the vertical cup disc ratio (VCDR) and its ease of use (EOU). Methods. Eight medical students used both the Arclight and the Heine ophthalmoscopes to examine the optic disc in 9 subjects. An EOU score was provided after every examination (a higher score indicating that the ophthalmoscope is easier to use). A consultant ophthalmologist provided the reference standard VCDR. Results. 288 examinations were performed. The number of examinations that yielded an estimation of the VCDR was significantly higher for the Arclight ophthalmoscope (125/144, 85%) compared to the Heine ophthalmoscope (88/144, 61%) (p or = 0.28) but was with the presence of cataracts (chi2 test, p < 0.0001) with both the Optyse and the conventional ophthalmoscopes. Despite its limitations, the retinal view with Optyse was often within acceptable clinical limits suggesting that this relatively inexpensive ophthalmoscope may have a place when cost prohibits any other type of ophthalmoscope use. [PAR] Full-text · Article · Feb 2007[DOC] [TLE] OphthalmoscopyOphthalmoscopy, also called funduscopy, is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope (or funduscope). It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination. It is crucial in determining the health of the retina, optic

In response to the crappy reputation High Fructose Corn Syrup has these days, the Corn Refiners Association has applied for permission to rename it to what?

corn sugar

[DOC] [TLE] Articles about High Fructose Corn Syrup - latimesArticles about High Fructose Corn Syrup - latimes [PAR] Your Valentine's Day buzz kill [PAR] February 14, 2013 | By Alexandra Le Tellier [PAR] Happy Valentine's Day! If you're in a relationship, you can rejoice in knowing that married couples are not only healthier, but research also shows that they live longer than their single peers. But if you're single, you can take pleasure instead in knowing that there's nothing healthy about most Valentine's Day chocolate -- and lucky for you, you don't have to consume any of it! And that in and of itself could make you healthier, provided that you don't wallow in a pint of ice cream instead. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Trade group seeks name change for 'high-fructose corn syrup' [PAR] September 15, 2010 | By Mary Ellen Podmolik [PAR] Much in the same way that troubled companies change names to improve their reputations, the Corn Refiners Assn. is trying to do away with high-fructose corn syrup. Not the product. Just its moniker. The trade group said that it was petitioning the Food and Drug Administration to replace the phrase "high-fructose corn syrup" with "corn sugar. " The suggested change didn't get a ringing endorsement from the Center for Science in the Public Interest, which would have preferred something more apt for an engineered food product, perhaps something like "chemically converted corn syrup" or "glucose-fructose corn syrup. [PAR] BUSINESS [PAR] Consumer group asks FDA to limit sweeteners in soft drinks [PAR] February 13, 2013 | By Ricardo Lopez, Los Angeles Times [PAR] A consumer group is taking aim at high-fructose corn syrup in soft drinks, arguing that it and other sweeteners are responsible for high obesity rates and health problems because Americans drink too much soda. The Center for Science in the Public Interest filed a petition Wednesday with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration urging the agency to require beverage makers to reduce the amount of high-fructose corn syrup and other sweeteners. "In the past 10 years or so, researchers have done a variety of experiments and studies that connect soft drinks to obesity" and other health problems, said Michael F. Jacobson, executive director of the consumer group. [PAR] OPINION [PAR] Sweet surrender? [PAR] September 13, 2011 [PAR] The makers of high-fructose corn syrup would understandably like to change the image of their product, which has gained a reputation as the trans fat of the sugar world. In fact, as sales sink, they'd prefer a name change altogether — to corn sugar — and have asked the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for permission to use it on food labels. The liquid sweetener is a natural food, a Corn Refiners Assn. advertising campaign claims, and nutritionally the same as any other sugar. [PAR] CALIFORNIA | LOCAL [PAR] Sugar seeks sweet revenge against competition from corn [PAR] March 20, 2012 | By Carol J. Williams, Los Angeles Times [PAR] They are the two bad boys of the American diet, linked to a variety of ailments including obesity, diabetes and tooth decay. But now sugar is taking high fructose corn syrup to court in a landmark battle over which is the greater evil. In a lawsuit that goes before a Los Angeles federal judge Wednesday, sugar producers accuse their corn industry rivals of false advertising in a campaign that casts the liquid sweetener as "nutritionally the same as table sugar" and claims "your body can't tell the difference. [PAR] BUSINESS [PAR] Consumer group asks FDA to limit sweeteners in soft drinks [PAR] February 13, 2013 | By Ricardo Lopez, Los Angeles Times [PAR] A consumer group is taking aim at high-fructose corn syrup in soft drinks, arguing that it and other sweeteners are responsible for high obesity rates and health problems because Americans drink too much soda. The Center for Science in the Public Interest filed a petition Wednesday with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration urging the agency to require beverage makers to reduce the amount of high-fructose corn syrup and other sweeteners. "In the past 10 years or so, researchers have done a variety of experiments

As portrayed in the 1984 movie Amadeus, what classical composer is accused of having had a hand in the death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, on Dec 5, 1791?

antonio salieri

[DOC] [TLE] Amadeus ( 1984 ) F. Murray Abraham , Tom Hulce. Directora ...The movie, Pictures and Costumes on Pinterest [PAR] Amadeus ( 1984 ) F. Murray Abraham , Tom Hulce. Directora : Milos Forman. Historia de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , contada por su homólogo y rival secreto Antonio Salieri. [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Death of Wolfgang Amadeus MozartThe composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died on 5 December 1791 at the age of 35. The circumstances of his death have attracted much research and speculation. Some principal sources of contention are as follows. [PAR] *Whether Mozart declined gradually, experiencing great fear and sadness, or whether he was fundamentally in good spirits toward the end of his life, then felled by a relatively sudden illness. The former hypothesis held sway for most of the history of Mozart biography, but the latter has been advanced by contemporary scholars. [PAR] *The actual cause of his death: whether it was from disease or poisoning. The poisoning hypothesis is widely discredited. If a particular disease was the actual cause of death, then it remains unknown; only plausible conjectures can be offered. [PAR] *His funeral arrangements, and whether they were the normal procedures for his day, or rather they were of a neglectful nature and the basis for pathos. Here, modern scholarship generally supports the view that the funeral arrangements were normal for Mozart's time. [PAR] The course of Mozart's final illness [PAR] The traditional narrative [PAR] Mozart scholarship long followed the accounts of early biographers, which proceeded in large part from the recorded memories of his widow Constanze and her sister Sophie Weber as they were recorded in the biographies by Franz Niemetschek and Georg Nikolaus von Nissen. For instance, the important biography by Hermann Abert (1923/2008:1305-9) largely follows this account. The following is a summary of this view. [PAR] When in August 1791 Mozart arrived in Prague to supervise the performance of his new opera La clemenza di Tito (K. 621), he was "already very ill" (Abert, p. 1305). During this visit, Niemetschek wrote, "he was pale and expression was sad, although his good humour was often shown in merry jest with his friends." Following his return to Vienna (mid September 1791), Mozart's condition gradually worsened. For a while, he was still able to work and completed his Clarinet Concerto (K. 622), worked toward the completion of his Requiem (K. 626), and conducted the premiere performance of The Magic Flute (K. 620) on 30 September. Still, he became increasingly alarmed and despondent about his health. An anecdote from Constanze is related by Niemetschek: [PAR] On his return to Vienna, his indisposition increased visibly and made him gloomily depressed. His wife was truly distressed over this. One day when she was driving in the Prater with him, to give him a little distraction and amusement, and they were sitting by themselves, Mozart began to speak of death, and declared that he was writing the Requiem for himself. Tears came to the eyes of the sensitive man: 'I feel definitely,' he continued, 'that I will not last much longer; I am sure I have been poisoned. I cannot rid myself of this idea.' [PAR] Constanze attempted to cheer her husband by persuading him to give up work on the Requiem for a while, encouraging him instead to complete the "Freimaurerkantate" (K. 623), composed to celebrate the opening of a new Masonic temple for Mozart's own lodge. The strategy worked for a time – the cantata was completed and successfully premiered 18 November. He told Constanze he felt "elated" over the premiere. Mozart is reported to have stated, "Yes I see I was ill to have had such an absurd idea of having taken poison, give me back the Requiem and I will go on with it." [PAR] Even so, Mozart's worst symptoms of illness soon returned, together with the strong feeling that he was being poisoned. He became bedridden on 20 November, suffering from swelling, pain and vomiting. [PAR] From this point on, scholars are all agreed that Mozart was

Nov 20, 1945 saw the start of the trials in what German city in which 24 high ranking Nazis were indicted for participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of a crime against peace, planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace , war crimes, and crimes against humanity?

nuremberg

[DOC] [TLE] Nuremberg trials - PediaView.comNuremberg trials [PAR] Nuremberg trials [PAR] Memorials and museums [PAR] The Nuremberg trials (German: die Nürnberger Prozesse) were a series of military tribunals , held by the Allied forces after World War II , which were most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, judicial and economic leadership of Nazi Germany who planned, carried out, or otherwise participated in the Holocaust and other war crimes . The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg , Germany. [PAR] The first, and best known of these trials, described as “the greatest trial in history” by Norman Birkett , one of the British judges who presided over it, [1] was the trial of the major war criminals before the International Military Tribunal (IMT). Held between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946, [2] the Tribunal was given the task of trying 24 of the most important political and military leaders of the Third Reich – though the proceedings of Martin Bormann was tried in absentia , while another, Robert Ley , committed suicide within a week of the trial’s commencement. [PAR] Not included were Adolf Hitler , Heinrich Himmler , and Joseph Goebbels , all of whom had committed suicide in the spring of 1945, well before the indictment was signed. [3] Reinhard Heydrich was not included, as he had been assassinated in 1942 . [PAR] The second set of trials of lesser war criminals was conducted under Control Council Law No. 10 at the U.S. Nuremberg Military Tribunals (NMT), which included the Doctors’ Trial and the Judges’ Trial . This article primarily deals with the IMT; see Subsequent Nuremberg Trials for details on the NMT (the second set of trials). [PAR] Contents [PAR] 12 External links [PAR] Origin [PAR] There were, I suppose, three possible courses: to let the atrocities which had been committed go unpunished; to put the perpetrators to death or punish them by executive action; or to try them. Which was it to be? Was it possible to let such atrocities go unpunished? Could France, could Russia, could Holland, Belgium, Norway, Czechoslovakia, Poland or Yugoslavia be expected to consent to such a course? … It will be remembered that after the first world war alleged criminals were handed over to be tried by Germany, and what a farce that was! The majority got off and such sentences as were inflicted were derisory and were soon remitted. [4] [PAR] — Geoffrey Lawrence [PAR] 5 December 1946 [PAR] A precedent for trying those accused of war crimes had been set at the end of World War I in the Leipzig War Crimes Trials held in May to July 1921 before the Reichsgericht (German Supreme Court) in Leipzig , although these had been on a very limited scale and largely regarded as ineffectual. At the beginning of 1940, the Polish government-in-exile asked the British and French governments to condemn the German invasion of their country. The British initially declined to do so; however, in April 1940, a joint declaration was issued by the British, French and Polish. Relatively bland because of Anglo-French reservations, it proclaimed the trio’s “desire to make a formal and public protest to the conscience of the world against the action of the German government whom they must hold responsible for these crimes which cannot remain unpunished.” [5] [PAR] Three-and-a-half years later, the stated intention to punish the Germans was much more trenchant. On 1 November 1943, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States published their “Declaration on German Atrocities in Occupied Europe” , which gave a “full warning” that, when the Nazis were defeated, the Allies would “pursue them to the uttermost ends of the earth … in order that justice may be done. … The above declaration is without prejudice to the case of the major war criminals whose offences have no particular geographical location and who will be punished by a joint decision of the Government of the Allies.” [6] This intention by the Allies to dispense justice was reiterated at the Yalta Conference and at Berlin in 1945. [7] [PAR]

November 9, 1967 saw the debut of what iconic magazine, founded by Jann Wenner, which famously provided a roach clip with every paid subscription?

rolling stone

[DOC] [TLE] Jann WennerJann Simon Wenner (born January 7, 1946) is the co-founder and publisher of the popular culture biweekly Rolling Stone, as well as the current owner of Men's Journal and Us Weekly magazines. Born in New York City, Wenner graduated from Chadwick School and later attended the University of California, Berkeley. He dropped out, but while at Berkeley he participated in the Free Speech Movement. Wenner, with his mentor Ralph J. Gleason, co-founded of Rolling Stone in 1967 with the help of a loan from family members and soon to be wife. Later in his career, several musicians alleged that Wenner was unfairly biased against their work, thus hindering their induction into the Hall of Fame. Wenner received the Norman Mailer Prize in 2010 for his work in the publishing industry. [PAR] Childhood [PAR] Wenner was born in New York City, New York, and grew up in a secular Jewish family. His parents divorced in 1958, and he and his sisters, Kate and Merlyn, were sent to boarding schools. He graduated from high school at Chadwick School in 1963 and went on to attend the University of California, Berkeley. Before dropping out of Berkeley in 1966, Wenner was active in the Free Speech Movement and produced the column "Something's Happening" in the student-run newspaper, The Daily Californian. With the help of his mentor, San Francisco Chronicle jazz critic Ralph J. Gleason, Wenner landed a job at Ramparts, a high-circulation muckraker, where Gleason was a contributing editor and Wenner worked on the magazine's spinoff newspaper. [PAR] Media industry [PAR] In 1967, Wenner and Gleason founded Rolling Stone in San Francisco. To get the magazine started, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from family members and from the family of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. [PAR] Wenner backed the careers of writers such as Hunter S. Thompson, Joe Klein, Cameron Crowe, Joe Eszterhas and leftist-turned-conservative, P.J. O'Rourke. Wenner also discovered photographer Annie Leibovitz when she was a 21-year-old San Francisco Art Institute student. Many of Wenner's proteges, such as writer/director Cameron Crowe, credit him with giving them their biggest breaks. Tom Wolfe recognized Wenner's influence in ensuring that his first novel, The Bonfire of the Vanities, was completed, stating "I was absolutely frozen with fright about getting it done and I decided to serialize it and the only editor crazy enough to do that was Jann." [PAR] In 1977, Rolling Stone shifted its base of operations from San Francisco to New York City. [PAR] The magazine's circulation dipped briefly in the late 1970s/early 1980s as Rolling Stone responded slowly in covering the emergence of punk rock and again in the 1990s, when it lost ground to Spin and Blender in coverage of hip hop. Wenner hired former FHM editor Ed Needham, who was then replaced by Will Dana, to turn his flagship magazine around, and by 2006, Rolling Stones circulation was at an all-time high of 1.5 million copies sold every fortnight. In May 2006, Rolling Stone published its 1000th edition with a holographic, 3-D cover modeled on The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover. [PAR] Wenner has been involved in the conducting and writing of many of the magazine's famous Rolling Stone Interviews. Some of his more recent interview subjects have included: Bill Clinton, Al Gore, John Kerry, and Barack Obama for the magazine during their election campaigns and in November 2005 had a major interview with U2 rockstar Bono, which focused on music and politics. Wenner's interview with Bono received a National Magazine Award nomination. [PAR] Rolling Stone and Jann Wenner are chronicled in two books, Gone Crazy and Back Again as well as Rolling Stone: The Uncensored History. Former Rolling Stone journalist David Weir is working on a biography, as is poet and Beat historian Lewis MacAdams. [PAR] Wenner founded the magazine Outside in 1977; William Randolph Hearst III and Jack Ford both worked for the magazine before Wenner sold it a year later. He also briefly managed the magazine Look and in 1993, started the magazine Family

Dec 13, 1953 saw the birth of Ben Bernanke, Harvard grad with a PhD from MIT. What position does he hold, and rather poorly at that?

federal reserve chairman

[DOC] [TLE] Ben BernankeBen Shalom Bernanke ( ; born December 13, 1953) is an American economist at the Brookings Institution who served two terms as chairman of the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States, from 2006 to 2014. During his tenure as chairman, Bernanke oversaw the Federal Reserve's response to the late-2000s financial crisis. [PAR] Before becoming Federal Reserve chairman, Bernanke was a tenured professor at Princeton University and chaired the department of economics there from 1996 to September 2002, when he went on public service leave. [PAR] From August 5, 2002 until June 21, 2005, he was a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, proposed the Bernanke Doctrine, and first discussed "the Great Moderation" — the theory that traditional business cycles have declined in volatility in recent decades through structural changes that have occurred in the international economy, particularly increases in the economic stability of developing nations, diminishing the influence of macroeconomic (monetary and fiscal) policy. [PAR] Bernanke then served as chairman of President George W. Bush's Council of Economic Advisers before President Bush nominated him to succeed Alan Greenspan as chairman of the United States Federal Reserve. His first term began February 1, 2006. Bernanke was confirmed for a second term as chairman on January 28, 2010, after being renominated by President Barack Obama, who later referred to him as "the epitome of calm." His second term ended February 1, 2014, when he was succeeded by Janet Yellen. [PAR] Bernanke wrote about his time as chairman of the Federal Reserve in his 2015 book, The Courage to Act, in which he revealed that the world's economy came close to collapse in 2007 and 2008. Bernanke asserts that it was only the novel efforts of the Fed (cooperating with other agencies and agencies of foreign governments) that prevented an economic catastrophe greater than the Great Depression. [PAR] Family and childhood [PAR] Bernanke was born in Augusta, Georgia, and was raised on East Jefferson Street in Dillon, South Carolina. His father Philip was a pharmacist and part-time theater manager. His mother Edna was an elementary school teacher. Bernanke has two younger siblings. His brother, Seth, is a lawyer in Charlotte, North Carolina. His sister, Sharon, is a longtime administrator at Berklee College of Music in Boston. [PAR] The Bernankes were one of the few Jewish families in Dillon and attended Ohav Shalom, a local synagogue; Bernanke learned Hebrew as a child from his maternal grandfather, Harold Friedman, a professional hazzan (service leader), shochet, and Hebrew teacher. Bernanke's father and uncle owned and managed a drugstore they purchased from Bernanke's paternal grandfather, Jonas Bernanke. [PAR] Jonas Bernanke was born in Boryslav, Austria-Hungary (today part of Ukraine), on January 23, 1891. He immigrated to the United States from Przemyśl, Austria-Hungary (today part of Poland) and arrived at Ellis Island, aged 30, on June 30, 1921, with his wife Pauline, aged 25. On the ship's manifest, Jonas's occupation is listed as "clerk" and Pauline's as "doctor med". [PAR] The family moved to Dillon from New York in the 1940s. Bernanke's mother gave up her job as a schoolteacher when her son was born and worked at the family drugstore. Ben Bernanke also worked there sometimes. [PAR] Young adult [PAR] As a teenager, Bernanke worked construction on a new hospital and waited tables at a restaurant at nearby South of the Border, a roadside attraction in his hometown of Dillon, before leaving for college. To support himself throughout college, he worked during the summers at South of the Border. [PAR] Religion [PAR] As a teenager in the 1960s in the small town of Dillon, Bernanke used to help roll the Torah scrolls in his local synagogue. Although he keeps his beliefs private, his friend Mark Gertler, chairman of New York University's economics department, says they are "embedded in who he (Bernanke) is". On the other hand, the Bernanke family was concerned that Ben would "lose his Jewish identity" if

November 18, 1869 saw the opening of what lockless waterway, which connects Port Said to Port Tawfik?

suez canal

[DOC] [TLE] Port SaidPort Said ( ', the first syllable has its pronunciation from French; unurbanized local pronunciation:) is a city that lies in north east Egypt extending about 30 km along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of the Suez Canal, with an approximate population of 603,787 (2010). The city was established in 1859 during the building of the Suez Canal. [PAR] Port Said has been ranked the second among the Egyptian cities according to the Human Development Index in 2009 and 2010, the economic base of the city is fishing and industries, like chemicals, processed food, and cigarettes. Port Said is also an important harbour for exports of Egyptian products like cotton and rice, but also a fueling station for ships that pass through the Suez Canal. It thrives on being a duty-free port, as well as a tourist resort especially during summer. It is home to the Lighthouse of Port Said (the first building in the world built from reinforced concrete). [PAR] There are numerous old houses with grand balconies on all floors, giving the city a distinctive look. Port Said's twin city is Port Fuad, which lies on the eastern bank of the canal. The two cities coexist, to the extent that there is hardly any town centre in Port Fuad. The cities are connected by free ferries running all through the day, and together they form a metropolitan area with over a million residents that extends both on the African and the Asian sides of the Suez Canal. The only other metropolitan area in the world that also spans two continents is Istanbul. [PAR] Port Said acted as a global city since its establishment and flourished particularly during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century when it was inhabited by various nationalities and religions. Most of them were from Mediterranean countries, and they coexisted in tolerance, forming a cosmopolitan community. Referring to this fact Rudyard Kipling once said "If you truly wish to find someone you have known and who travels, there are two points on the globe you have but to sit and wait, sooner or later your man will come there: the docks of London and Port Said". [PAR] Etymology [PAR] The name of Port Said first appeared in 1855, It was chosen by an International committee composed of Great Britain, France, the Russian Empire, Austria, Spain and Piedmont. It is a compound name which composed of two parts: Port (marine harbour) and Said (the name of the ruler of Egypt at that time), who granted Ferdinand de Lesseps the concession to dig the Suez Canal. [PAR] History [PAR] Port Said was founded by Sa'id of Egypt on Easter Monday, April 25, 1859, when Ferdinand de Lesseps gave the first symbolic swing of the pickaxe to signal the beginning of construction. The first problem encountered was the difficulty for ships to drop anchor nearby. Luckily, a single rocky outcrop flush with the shoreline was discovered a few hundred meters away. Equipped with a wooden wharf, it served as a mooring berth for the boats. Soon after, a wooden jetty was built, connecting the departure islet, as it quickly became known, to the beach. This rock could be considered the heart of the developing city, and it was on this highly symbolic site, forty years later, that a monument to de Lesseps was erected. [PAR] There were no local resources here. Everything Port Said needed had to be imported: wood, stone, supplies, machinery, equipment, housing, food and even water. Giant water storage containers were erected to supply fresh water until the Sweet Water Canal could be completed. One of the most pressing problems was the lack of stone. Early buildings were often imported in kit form and made great use of wood. A newly developed technique was used to construct the jetties called conglomerate concrete or "Beton Coignet", which was named after its inventor Francois Coignet. Artificial blocks of concrete were sunk into the sea to be the foundations of the jetties. Still more innovative was the use of the same concrete for the lighthouse of Port Said, the only original building still standing in Port Said. [PAR] In 1859

November 30 is a time to celebrate the birthday of what TV personality, known as The World’s Oldest Teenager, who hosted American Bandstand and still does the New Year’s Rockin’ Eve broadcast every December 31st?

dick clark

[DOC] [TLE] Dick Clark - Biography - IMDbDick Clark - Biography - IMDb [PAR] Dick Clark [PAR] Biography [PAR] Showing all 99 items [PAR] Jump to: Overview (5) | Mini Bio (1) | Spouse (3) | Trade Mark (3) | Trivia (84) | Personal Quotes (3) [PAR] Overview (5) [PAR] 5' 8" (1.73 m) [PAR] Mini Bio (1) [PAR] Dick Clark was born and raised in Mount Vernon, New York on November 30, 1929 to Julia Fuller and Richard Augustus Clark. He had one older brother, Bradley, who was killed in World War II. At the age of 16, Clark got his first job in the mailroom of WRUN, a radio station in Utica, New York, which was owned by his uncle and managed by his father. He worked his way up the ranks and was promoted to weatherman before becoming a radio announcer. After graduating from Syracuse University with a degree in business administration, Clark began working at several radio and television stations before landing at WFIL radio in 1952. While working at the station, Clark became a substitute host for Bob Horn's Bandstand, an afternoon program where teenagers danced to popular music, broadcast by WFIL's affiliated television station. In 1956, Horn was arrested for drunk driving, giving Clark the perfect opportunity to step in as the full-time host. [PAR] After acquiring nationwide distribution the newly reformatted program, now titled "American Bandstand", premiered on ABC on August 5, 1957. In addition to the name change, Clark added interviews with artists (starting with Elvis Presley), lip-sync performances, and "Rate-a-Record," allowing teens to judge the songs on the show - and giving birth to the popular phrase, "It's got a good beat and you can dance to it." Clark also established a formal dress code, mandating dresses and skirts for the women and a coat and tie for the men. But perhaps the most impactful change that Clark made to the show was ending "American Bandstand's" all-white policy, allowing African American artists to perform on the show. [PAR] Under Clark's influence, "Bandstand" became one of the most successful and longest-running musical programs, featuring artists including Chuck Berry, the Doors, the Beach Boys, Pink Floyd, and Smokey Robinson. Sonny and Cher, The Jackson 5, Prince, and Aerosmith were among the influential artists and bands that made their television debuts on "Bandstand", which is also credited with helping to make America more accepting of rock 'n' roll. [PAR] With the success of "American Bandstand", Clark became more invested in the music publishing and recording businesses, and began managing artists, hosting live sock hops, and arranging concert tours. But in 1960, when the United States Senate began investigating "payola", the practice in which music producing companies paid broadcasting companies to favor their products, Clark became caught up in the scandal. The investigation found he had partial copyrights to over 150 songs, many of which were featured on his show. Clark denied he was involved in any way, but admitted to accepting a fur and jewelry from a record company president. In the end, the Senate could not find any illegal actions by Clark, but ABC asked Clark to either sell his shares in these companies or leave the network so there was no conflict of interest. He chose to sell and continue on as host of "American Bandstand", which was unaffected by the scandal. [PAR] In 1964, Clark moved Bandstand from Philadelphia to Los Angeles and became more involved in television production. Under his company Dick Clark Productions, he produced such shows as "Where the Action Is", "TV's Bloopers and Practical Jokes", and more recently, "So You Think You Can Dance", as well as made-for-television movies including "Elvis", "The Birth of the Beatles", "Wild Streets", and "The Savage Seven". Clark also hosted television's "

Dec 18, 2008 marked the death of Mark Felt. What prominent role in the watergate scandals did he play?

deep throat

[DOC] [TLE] Nixon on Pinterest | Presidents, Scandal and First Ladies1000+ images about Nixon on Pinterest | The white, Governor of california and April 22 [PAR] Forward [PAR] William Mark Felt, Sr. (August 17, 1913 – December 18, 2008)[1] was an agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), who retired in 1973 as the Bureau's Associate Director. After denying his involvement with reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein for 30 years, Felt revealed himself on May 31, 2005, to be the Watergate scandal's whistleblower, "Deep Throat". [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Chapter 12 – Chairman George in Watergate « TARPLEY.netChapter 12 – Chairman George in Watergate « TARPLEY.net [PAR] Entries RSS [PAR] Chapter 12 – Chairman George in Watergate [PAR] In November, 1972, Bush’s “most influential patron,” Richard Nixon [fn 1], won re-election to the White House for a second term in a landslide victory over the McGovern-Shriver Democratic ticket. Nixon’s election victory had proceeded in spite of the arrest of five White House-linked burglars in the offices of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate building in Washington early on June 17 of the same year. This was the beginning of the infamous Watergate scandal, which would overshadow and ultimately terminate Nixon’s second term in 1974. After the election, Bush received a telephone call informing him that Nixon wanted to talk to him at the Camp David retreat in the Catoctin Mountains of Maryland. Bush had been looking to Washington for the inevitable personnel changes that would be made in preparation for Nixon’s second term. Bush tells us that he was aware of Nixon’s plan to reorganize his cabinet around the idea of a “super cabinet” of top-level, inner cabinet ministers or “super secretaries” who would work closely with the White House while relegating the day-to-day functioning of their executive departments to sub-cabinet deputies. One of the big winners under this plan was scheduled to be George Shultz, the former Labor Secretary who was now, after the departure of Connally, supposed to become Super Secretary of the Treasury. Shultz was a Bechtel executive who went on to be Reagan’s second Secretary of State after Al Haig. Bush and Shultz were future members of the Bohemian Club of San Francisco and of the Bohemian Grove summer gathering. Shultz was a Princeton graduate who was reputed to have a tiger, the school’s symbol, tatooed on his rump. Bush says he received a call from Nixon’s top domestic aide, John Ehrlichman (along with Haldemann a partner in the “Chinese wall” around Nixon maintained by the White House palace guard). Ehrlichman told Bush that George Shultz wanted to see him before he went on to meet with Nixon at Camp David. As it turned out, Shultz wanted to offer Bush the post of undersecretary of the Treasury, which would amount to de facto administrative control over the department while Shultz concentrated on his projected super secretary policy functions. Bush says he thanked Shultz for his “flattering” offer, took it under consideration, and then pressed on to Camp David. [fn 2] At Camp David, Bush says that Nixon talked to him in the following terms: “George, I know that Shultz has talked to you about the Treasury job, and if that’s what you’d like, that’s fine with me. However, the job I really want you to do, the place I really need you, is over at the National Committee running things. This is an important time for the Republican Party, George. We have a chance to build a new coalition in the next four years, and you’re the one who can do it.” [ fn 3] But this was not the job that George really wanted. He wanted to be promoted, but he wanted to continue in the personal retinue of Henry Kissinger. “At first Bush tried to persuade the President to give him, instead, the number-two job at the State Department, as deputy to Secretary Henry Kissinger. Foreign affairs was his top priority, he said. Nixon was cool to this idea, and Bush capitulated.”

Which famous Vice Admiral, who died on December 7, 1817, is famous for navigating a life boat 3,618 nautical miles to the island of Timor, having been put overboard by mutineer Fletcher Christian?

captain bligh

[DOC] [TLE] Fletcher ChristianFletcher Christian (25 September 1764 – 20 September 1793) was master's mate on board HMS Bounty during Lieutenant William Bligh's voyage to Tahiti for breadfruit plants. In the mutiny on the Bounty, Christian seized command of the ship from Bligh on 28 April 1789. [PAR] Early life [PAR] Christian was born on 25 September 1764, at his family home of Moorland Close, Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth in Cumberland. Fletcher's father's side had originated from the Isle of Man and most of his paternal great-grandfathers were historic Deemsters, their original family surname McCrystyn. [PAR] Fletcher was the brother to Edward and Humphrey, being the three sons of Charles Christian of Moorland Close and of the large Ewanrigg Hall estate in Dearham, Cumberland, an attorney-at-law descended from Manx gentry, and his wife Ann Dixon. [PAR] Charles's marriage to Ann brought with it the small property of Moorland Close, "a quadrangle pile of buildings ... half castle, half farmstead." The property can be seen to the north of the Cockermouth to Egremont A5086 road. Charles died in 1768 when Fletcher was not yet four. Ann proved herself grossly irresponsible with money. By 1779, when Fletcher was fifteen, Ann had run up a debt of nearly £6,500 (equal to £ today), and faced the prospect of debtors' prison. Moorland Close was lost and Ann and her three younger children were forced to flee to the Isle of Man, to their relative's estate, where English creditors had no power. The three elder Christian sons managed to arrange a £40 (equal to £ today) per year annuity for their mother, allowing the family to live in genteel poverty. Christian spent seven years at the Cockermouth Free School from the age of nine. One of his younger contemporaries there was Cockermouth native William Wordsworth. It is commonly misconceived that the two were 'school friends'; Christian was six years the senior of the future Poet Laureate. His mother Ann died on the Isle of Man in 1819. [PAR] Naval career [PAR] See here for a comparison of assignments to William Bligh [PAR] Fletcher Christian began his naval career at a late age, joining the Royal Navy as a cabin boy when he was already seventeen years old (the average age for this position was between 12 to 15). He served for over a year on a third-rate frigate along with his future commander, William Bligh, who was posted as the ship's sixth lieutenant. Christian next became a Midshipman on the sixth-rate post ship HMS Eurydice and was made master's mate six months after the ship put to sea. The muster rolls of indicate Christian was signed on for a 21-month voyage to India. The ship's muster shows Christian's conduct was more than satisfactory because "some seven months out from England, he had been promoted from midshipman to master's mate". [PAR] After the Eurydice had returned from India, Christian was reverted to Midshipman and paid off from the Royal Navy. Unable to find another Midshipman assignment, Christian decided to join the British merchant fleet and applied for a berth on-board William Bligh's ship the Britannia. Bligh had himself been discharged from the Royal Navy and was now working as a merchant captain. Bligh accepted Christian on the ship's books as an Able Seaman, but granted him all the rights of a ship's officer including dining and berthing in the officer quarters. On a second voyage to Jamaica with Bligh, Christian was rated as the ship's Second Mate. [PAR] Although Bligh had only known Christian for a little over a year, in 1787 Bligh approached Christian to serve on-board the HMAV Bounty for a two year voyage to transport breadfruit from Tahiti to the West Indies. Bligh originally had every intention of Christian serving as the ship's Master, but the Navy Board turned down this request due to Christian's low seniority in service years and appointed John Fryer instead. Christian was retained as Master's Mate. The following year, halfway through the Bounty's voyage, Bligh appointed Christian as Acting lieutenant, thus making him senior

Named for the gynecologist that invented them, what exercises for the pelvic muscles were originally developed to combat incontinence?

kegel

[DOC] [TLE] Kegel Exercises on Pinterest | Pelvic Floor, Pelvic Floor ...1000+ images about Kegel Exercises on Pinterest | Muscle, Exercise during pregnancy and The muscle [PAR] Forward [PAR] Everyone’s pelvic floor could use strengthening because we rarely work it, and we sit so much, we throw the muscles that attach to our pelvis out of position. Here are some Kegel exercises to activate and strengthen your pelvic floor. [PAR] See More[DOC] [TLE] Stephanie Prendergast - Pelvic Health and Rehabilitation ...Stephanie Prendergast [PAR] By Gabriella Chavarin [PAR] [PAR] As you may have noticed, IPPS is a pretty big deal around here. Every year, our PHRC physical therapists attend the International Pelvic Pain Society’s annual scientific conference. Additionally, Stephanie Prendergast has been on the IPPS Board of Directors since 2003, and was the first physical therapist to serve as president in 2013. Since our staff commits so much of their time to continued education, and as the field of pelvic pain advances, we wanted to recap what our clinicians took away from this year’s IPPS conference. [PAR] First, some background information… [PAR] [PAR] The meeting is broken down into four sections. The first day is a “Basics” course, intended for the general medical professional who is interested in pelvic pain, but not regularly treating it. The topics span how the general gynecologist, urologist, psychologist, primary care physician, and pain management specialist can identify pelvic pain syndromes and direct the patient towards a solution. [PAR] Following the basics course, the next two days consist of the “Scientific” session, where the latest management strategies are presented for medical professionals who regularly manage people with pelvic pain and want to learn about the latest medical advances. It is during this time that our clinicians are able to attend lectures ranging from various topics and areas of expertise. [PAR] On the final day, IPPS hosts a post-conference course. The topic this year was a panel, their topic titled “Talking about sexual health and function with your patients: a healthcare professional’s guide”. The expert speaker panel consisted of Hollis Herman, DPT, OCS, WCS BCB-PMD, CSC, IF, PRPC Alexandra Milspaw, PhD, LPC, and Tracy Sher, MPT, CSCS. The speakers did an excellent job helping providers increase their competency discussing sexual challenges with their patients. [PAR] Alright, now on to our clinician’s summaries: [PAR] [PAR] Liz Akinicilar- Rummer, MSPT, PHRC Waltham: [PAR] Liz gave a lecture at the basic’s course titled “Evaluation and treatment of musculoskeletal causes of pelvic pain”. Click here to view her presentation. [PAR] [PAR] Shayna Reid, PHRC Los Angeles: [PAR] The basics day at IPPS provided a comprehensive review of the many factors, physiological, psychological and musculoskeletal, that are components of pelvic pain. I enjoyed the flow of the sessions and found that they built nicely upon each other. Starting the day with a reminder of how pain messages are transmitted in the body, then bringing in the psychology behind pain and next seeing specific diagnoses and musculoskeletal treatment provided a good foundation for understanding and treating pelvic pain. What I learned at the basics day at IPPS will translate into patient education on the science behind pain. [PAR] [PAR] Stephanie Prendergast, MPT PHRC Los Angeles: [PAR] Stephanie lectured with Drs. Conway and Jordan on Interdisciplinary Management Pudendal Neuralgia. Click here to view her presentation. [PAR] [PAR] From Malinda Wright, DPT, PHRC Los Gatos: [PAR] Alexandra Milspaw, PhD, M.Ed., LPC gave a wonderful lecture Saturday morning titled Training the Brain to Heal Painful Habits. Alexandra started her presentation off with an imagery to demonstrate the power of the brain. She had us close our eyes and imagine ourselves driving. How does the body feel as an aggressive car speeds by? Now, imagine in the speeding car is a father rushing his child off to the hospital due to a severe asthma attack. How does the body respond to that knowledge? Alexandra stated, “Not only can we change our brains just by thinking differently, but when are truly focused and single-minded, the brain does not know the difference between the internal world of the