sqlserver
stringlengths 59
30k
| plsql
stringlengths 54
4.67k
|
|---|---|
BEGIN
<<COMMITLOOP>>
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Transaction in progress...');
SAVEPOINT MySavepoint;
BEGIN
*** operations here...
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK TO MySavepoint;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error encountered, rolling back to savepoint.');
END;
SAVEPOINT MyOtherSavepoint;
BEGIN
*** operations here...
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK TO MyOtherSavepoint;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error encountered, rolling back to other savepoint.');
END;
*** s succeeded, commit the entire transaction.
COMMIT;
EXIT COMMITLOOP;
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error encountered, rolling back entire transaction.');
END;
|
BEGIN
<<COMMITLOOP>>
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Transaction in progress...');
SAVEPOINT MySavepoint;
BEGIN
-- Perform some DML operations here...
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK TO MySavepoint;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error encountered, rolling back to savepoint.');
END;
SAVEPOINT MyOtherSavepoint;
BEGIN
-- Perform more DML operations here...
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK TO MyOtherSavepoint;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error encountered, rolling back to other savepoint.');
END;
-- If both savepoints succeeded, commit the entire transaction.
COMMIT;
EXIT COMMITLOOP;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error encountered, rolling back entire transaction.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('GetCustomerOrders', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GetCustomerOrders;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GetCustomerOrders(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN cur;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@orders SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SET @orders = dbo.GetCustomerOrders(12345);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH orders INTO @salary, @department_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error getting customer orders: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetCustomerOrders(customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR IS
cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN cur FOR
SELECT * FROM Orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
RETURN cur;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
orders SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
orders := GetCustomerOrders(12345);
LOOP
FETCH orders INTO salary, department_id;
EXIT WHEN orders%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error getting customer orders: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
IF salary > 10000
BEGIN
-- Gi... ***
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
END
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
-- Ha... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary
INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF salary > 10000
THEN
-- Give a bonus
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
-- Handle the error
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(@p_num IN AS NUMBER)
AS
v_sum NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_sum = MIN(num) FROM example_table WHERE num > p_num;
IF v_sum IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 No value found', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE example_table SET num = v_sum WHERE num = p_num;
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc(p_num IN NUMBER)
AS
v_sum NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT MIN(num) INTO v_sum FROM example_table WHERE num > p_num;
IF v_sum IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'No value found');
ELSE
UPDATE example_table SET num = v_sum WHERE num = p_num;
END IF;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @v_name VARCHAR(20);
DECLARE @v_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
*** rd into the table
INSERT INTO employees(name, id)
VALUES ('John Doe', 1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error inserting record: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
ROLLBACK;
END;
*** or the newly inserted record
SELECT @v_name = name, @v_id = id
FROM employees
WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' + isnull(@v_name, '') + ', ID: ' + isnull(@v_id, ''));
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE v_name VARCHAR2(20);
DECLARE v_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Insert a new record into the table
INSERT INTO employees(name, id)
VALUES ('John Doe', 1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error inserting record: ' || SQLERRM);
ROLLBACK;
END;
-- Query the table for the newly inserted record
SELECT name, id
INTO v_name, v_id
FROM employees
WHERE id = 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || v_name || ', ID: ' || v_id);
END; |
CREATE FUNCTION add_numbers(@a FLOAT, @b FLOAT)
RETURNS FLOAT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @c FLOAT;
SET @c = @a + @b;
RETURN @c;
END;
GO
DECLARE
@v1 FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @v1 = dbo.add_numbers(2, 3);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sum of 2 and 3 is ' + isnull(@v1, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE, ''));
END;
/
|
CREATE FUNCTION add_numbers(a NUMBER, b NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
c NUMBER;
BEGIN
c := a + b;
RETURN c;
END;
/
DECLARE
v1 NUMBER;
BEGIN
v1 := add_numbers(2, 3);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sum of 2 and 3 is ' || v1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE);
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @v_name VARCHAR(50);
SELECT @v_name = isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '')
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = @id;
RETURN @v_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_emp_name VARCHAR(50);
BEGIN
SET @v_emp_name = dbo.get_employee_name(1001);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(@v_emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_name(id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
v_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name
INTO v_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = id;
RETURN v_name;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
v_emp_name := get_employee_name(1001);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE test_proc(@p1 IN AS NUMBER, p2 IN VARCHAR2) IS
v_result NUMBER;
BEGIN
set @v_result = p1 + CAST(p2 AS FLOAT);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Result: ' + isnull(v_result, ''));
IF v_result > 10 BEGIN
RAISE number_out_of_range;
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN number_out_of_range THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Number out of range');
END test_proc;
BEGIN
dbo.test_proc(1, '2');
END;
|
PROCEDURE test_proc(p1 IN NUMBER, p2 IN VARCHAR2) IS
v_result NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_result := p1 + TO_NUMBER(p2);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Result: ' || v_result);
IF v_result > 10 THEN
RAISE number_out_of_range;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN number_out_of_range THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Number out of range');
END test_proc;
BEGIN
test_proc(1, '2');
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_emp_id INTEGER;
v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_name = 'John Doe';
IF v_salary < 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Salary too low', 16, 1);
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
v_emp_id INTEGER;
v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE emp_name = 'John Doe';
IF v_salary < 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Salary too low');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
END; |
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT := 10000;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_bonus = bonus FROM employees WHERE salary = @v_salary;
IF v_bonus IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No bonus for salary ' + isnull(@v_salary, ''), 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus * 1.10 WHERE salary = @v_salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER := 10000;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT bonus INTO v_bonus FROM employees WHERE salary = v_salary;
IF v_bonus IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No bonus for salary ' || v_salary);
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus * 1.10 WHERE salary = v_salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM my_table;
OPEN rec;
FETCH rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
IF @rec_id = 1 BEGIN
INSERT INTO my_other_table (name) VALUES ('foo');
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE my_table SET value = value + 1 WHERE id = @rec_id;
END
FETCH rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE rec;
DEALLOCATE rec;
END; | BEGIN
FOR rec IN (SELECT * FROM my_table)
LOOP
IF rec.id = 1 THEN
INSERT INTO my_other_table (name) VALUES ('foo');
ELSE
UPDATE my_table SET value = value + 1 WHERE id = rec.id;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END; |
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_age(@employee_id FLOAT) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE ;
employees ;
RETURN GETDATE 365.25, 0;
END;
GO
BEGIN
DECLARE
FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET dbo.get_employee_age20;
@ 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line;
END
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line , ;
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_age(employee_id NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
birth_date DATE;
BEGIN
SELECT birth_date INTO birth_date FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN ROUND((SYSDATE - birth_date) / 365.25);
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE
age NUMBER;
BEGIN
age := get_employee_age(20);
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Employee not found');
END;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('Age: ' || age);
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@l_num FLOAT;
l_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @l_emp_name = name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF l_emp_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
SELECT @l_num = salary FROM salaries WHERE employee_id = 10;
UPDATE employees SET salary = @l_num + 100 WHERE employee_id = 10;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(l_emp_name, '') + ' salary increased by 100');
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
END
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
l_num NUMBER;
l_emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO l_emp_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
IF l_emp_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
SELECT salary INTO l_num FROM salaries WHERE employee_id = 10;
UPDATE employees SET salary = l_num + 100 WHERE employee_id = 10;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || l_emp_name || ' salary increased by 100');
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No data found');
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
sql
CREATE PROCEDURE Check_Balance (@IN Customer_ID AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @Balance FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @Balance = @Balance FROM Accounts WHERE Customer_ID = Customer_ID;
IF @Balance < 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Insufficient funds', 16, 1);
END
END;
END;
| sql
CREATE PROCEDURE Check_Balance (IN Customer_ID NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE Balance NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT Balance INTO Balance FROM Accounts WHERE Customer_ID = Customer_ID;
IF Balance < 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Insufficient funds');
END IF;
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
v_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
v_error_msg dbo.VARCHAR2(200);
*** me and salary
SELECT @v_name = name, @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 1;
-- Ch... ***
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 BEGIN
set @v_error_msg = 'Employee not found';
RAISERROR(-20000, v_error_msg, 16, 1);
END
*** alary
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary + 1000 WHERE emp_id = 1;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END; | BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
v_error_msg VARCHAR2(200);
-- Fetch employee name and salary
SELECT name, salary INTO v_name, v_salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 1;
-- Check for errors
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
v_error_msg := 'Employee not found';
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, v_error_msg);
END IF;
-- Update employee salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary + 1000 WHERE emp_id = 1;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
END; |
DECLARE
@v_sal FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_sal = salary FROM emp WHERE empno = 7369;
IF @v_sal IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE emp SET salary = @v_sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = 7369;
END; | DECLARE
v_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_sal FROM emp WHERE empno = 7369;
IF v_sal IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET salary = v_sal * 1.10 WHERE empno = 7369;
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE p_sal_bonus_empno (
@p_empno IN AS NUMBER,
p_bonus IN NUMBER)
AS
l_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_sal = salary FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
UPDATE emp SET salary = l_sal + p_bonus WHERE empno = p_empno;
COMMIT;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
WHEN others THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unexpected error occurred');
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE p_sal_bonus_empno (
p_empno IN NUMBER,
p_bonus IN NUMBER)
AS
l_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO l_sal FROM emp WHERE empno = p_empno;
UPDATE emp SET salary = l_sal + p_bonus WHERE empno = p_empno;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
WHEN others THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unexpected error occurred');
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_example(
@p_name IN AS VARCHAR2,
p_age IN NUMBER)
IS
*** iables
l_greeting dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
*** message
set @l_greeting = 'Hello, ' + isnull(p_name, '') + '! You are ' + isnull(p_age, '') + ' years old.';
*** ng into a table
INSERT INTO greetings (greeting) VALUES (l_greeting);
*** the age is less than 0
IF p_age < 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Age cannot be negative.', 16, 1);
END
*** s to the database
COMMIT;
END sp_example;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_example(
p_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_age IN NUMBER)
IS
-- Declare local variables
l_greeting VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
-- Set the greeting message
l_greeting := 'Hello, ' || p_name || '! You are ' || p_age || ' years old.';
-- Insert the greeting into a table
INSERT INTO greetings (greeting) VALUES (l_greeting);
-- Raise an error if the age is less than 0
IF p_age < 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Age cannot be negative.');
END IF;
-- Commit the changes to the database
COMMIT;
END sp_example;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_salary(@employee_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
IF @@ERROR != 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Error updating salary', 16, 1);
END
END;
/
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_name(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, '') FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id);
END;
/
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(255) := dbo.get_employee_name(1);
new_salary SET @NUMBER = 10000;
BEGIN
dbo.UPDATE_SALARY(1, new_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated for ' + isnull(@emp_name, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
COMMIT;
IF SQLCODE != 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Error updating salary');
END IF;
END;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_name(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id);
END;
/
DECLARE
emp_name VARCHAR2(255) := get_employee_name(1);
new_salary NUMBER := 10000;
BEGIN
UPDATE_SALARY(1, new_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated for ' || emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id FLOAT) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SELECT @salary = @salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
RETURN @salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
-- or... ***
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
-- or raise exception
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (
@p_customer_id IN AS NUMBER
) IS
l_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH l_cursor INTO @v_order_id, @v_order_date, @v_total_amount;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
*** details...
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(v_order_id, '') + ', Order Date: ' + isnull(v_order_date, '') + ', Total Amount: ' + isnull(v_total_amount, ''));
END;
CLOSE l_cursor;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for the specified customer.');
END
END;
EXEC dbo.get_customer_orders (12345);
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders (
p_customer_id IN NUMBER
) IS
l_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN l_cursor FOR
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = p_customer_id;
LOOP
FETCH l_cursor INTO v_order_id, v_order_date, v_total_amount;
EXIT WHEN l_cursor%NOTFOUND;
-- Process the order details...
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || v_order_id || ', Order Date: ' || v_order_date || ', Total Amount: ' || v_total_amount);
END LOOP;
CLOSE l_cursor;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No orders found for the specified customer.');
END;
EXEC get_customer_orders (12345);
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE name = 'John';
IF @v_salary IS NULL BEGIN
/* *** n not found */
RAISERROR('-20001 John not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = @v_salary + 100 WHERE name = 'John';
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE name = 'John';
IF v_salary IS NULL THEN
/* Handle error: John not found */
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'John not found');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary + 100 WHERE name = 'John';
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE proc1(@p1 IN AS NUMBER, p2 OUT SYS_REFCURSOR) IS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f1 = p1;
END proc1;
|
PROCEDURE proc1(p1 IN NUMBER, p2 OUT SYS_REFCURSOR) IS
BEGIN
OPEN p2 FOR SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE f1 = p1;
END proc1;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(
@param1 IN AS VARCHAR(255),
@param2 OUT INT
) AS
BEGIN
SET @param2 = LEN(@param1);
END;
-- Er... ***
BEGIN
-- Ex... ***
END
ELSE
*** ock
END;
-- Co... ***
IF @param1 IS NOT NULL BEGIN
-- Ex... ***
END
ELSE BEGIN
-- Ex... ***
END
-- SQ... ***
SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE col1 = @param1;
-- St... ***
CREATE FUNCTION my_func(
@param1 IN VARCHARDECLARE (255
Begin)
RETURN NULL;
END;
) RETURNS INT AS
BEGIN
RETURN LEN(@param1);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc(
@param1 IN VARCHAR(255),
@param2 OUT INT
) AS
BEGIN
SET @param2 = LEN(@param1);
END;
-- Error handling
BEGIN
-- Execution block
END
ELSE
-- Error handling block
END;
-- Control flow
IF @param1 IS NOT NULL THEN
-- Execute this block
ELSE
-- Execute this block
END IF;
-- SQL statements
SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE col1 = @param1;
-- Stored function
CREATE FUNCTION my_func(
@param1 IN VARCHAR(255)
) RETURNS INT AS
BEGIN
RETURN LEN(@param1);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
*** ee's salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
*** n if the employee is not found
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
-- Update the employee's salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Raise an exception if the employee is not found
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Employee not found');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_id = id FROM table WHERE name = 'John';
IF @v_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE table SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE id = @v_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT id INTO v_id FROM table WHERE name = 'John';
IF v_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
UPDATE table SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE id = v_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_customer', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_customer;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER, new_name IN VARCHAR2)
AS
-- Lo... ***
old_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
*** g customer name
SELECT @old_name = name FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
*** omer exists
IF old_name IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Customer not found', 16, 1);
END
*** er name
UPDATE customers SET name = new_name WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
*** stomer name
RETURN old_name;
END;
BEGIN
*** rocedure and pass parameters
DECLARE @old_name VARCHAR(50);
BEGIN
SET @old_name = dbo.update_customer(100, 'John Doe');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Old name: ' + isnull(@old_name, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_customer(customer_id IN NUMBER, new_name IN VARCHAR2)
AS
-- Local variables
old_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
-- Fetch the existing customer name
SELECT name INTO old_name FROM customers WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
-- Check if the customer exists
IF old_name IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Customer not found');
END IF;
-- Update the customer name
UPDATE customers SET name = new_name WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
-- Return the old customer name
RETURN old_name;
END;
BEGIN
-- Call the stored procedure and pass parameters
DECLARE old_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
old_name := update_customer(100, 'John Doe');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Old name: ' || old_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE transfer(@IN amount AS NUMBER, IN from_account VARCHAR2, IN to_account VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
IF amount > 0 BEGIN
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE account_number = from_account;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE account_number = to_account;
COMMIT;
END
ELSE BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Invalid amount', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
PROCEDURE transfer(IN amount NUMBER, IN from_account VARCHAR2, IN to_account VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
IF amount > 0 THEN
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - amount WHERE account_number = from_account;
UPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE account_number = to_account;
COMMIT;
ELSE
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Invalid amount');
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
-- De... ***
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_salary SET @NUMBER = 10000;
v_bonus SET @NUMBER = 100;
v_comm NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** umber
SET @v_empno = 100;
*** commission
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary, commission_pct = v_comm
WHERE employee_id = @v_empno;
*** ate bonus
SET @v_bonus = v_salary * 0.1;
UPDATE employees
SET bonus = v_bonus
WHERE employee_id = @v_empno;
*** ee record
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, phone_number)
VALUES (200, 'John', 'Doe', '[email protected]', '555-1234');
-- Ha... ***
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END; | DECLARE
-- Declare variables
v_empno NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER := 10000;
v_bonus NUMBER := 100;
v_comm NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Assign employee number
v_empno := 100;
-- Update salary and commission
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary, commission_pct = v_comm
WHERE employee_id = v_empno;
-- Calculate and update bonus
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.1;
UPDATE employees
SET bonus = v_bonus
WHERE employee_id = v_empno;
-- Insert new employee record
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email, phone_number)
VALUES (200, 'John', 'Doe', '[email protected]', '555-1234');
-- Handle errors
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END; |
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = @emp_id FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF @emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE @emp_id = @emp_id;
END
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id INTO emp_id FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
ELSE
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE emp_id = emp_id;
END IF;
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_name', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_name;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_name(@id FLOAT) RETURNS VARCHAR(4000) AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT name FROM customers WHERE @id = @id);
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_customer_address', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_customer_address;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_customer_address(@id FLOAT, @new_address VARCHAR(4000)) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
UPDATE customers SET address = @new_address WHERE @id = @id;
END;
BEGIN
-- De... ***
customer_id SET @NUMBER = 1234;
new_address dbo.VARCHAR2(255) := '123 Main Street';
*** procedure
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Old address: ' + isnull(dbo.get_customer_name(customer_id), '') + ' ' + isnull(customer_id, ''));
dbo.update_customer_address(customer_id, new_address);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New address: ' + isnull(dbo.get_customer_name(customer_id), '') + ' ' + isnull(customer_id, ''));
-- Ha... ***
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer not found');
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_name(id NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT name FROM customers WHERE id = id);
END get_customer_name;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_customer_address(id NUMBER, new_address VARCHAR2) AS
BEGIN
UPDATE customers SET address = new_address WHERE id = id;
END update_customer_address;
BEGIN
-- Declare variables
customer_id NUMBER := 1234;
new_address VARCHAR2(255) := '123 Main Street';
-- Call function and procedure
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Old address: ' || get_customer_name(customer_id) || ' ' || customer_id);
update_customer_address(customer_id, new_address);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New address: ' || get_customer_name(customer_id) || ' ' || customer_id);
-- Handle exception
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer not found');
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
v_emp_id ROW_NUMBER(4);
v_salary ROW_NUMBER(10,2);
*** nd salary
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
*** exists
IF v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
-- Up... ***
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END; | BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_emp_id NUMBER(4);
v_salary NUMBER(10,2);
-- Get employee ID and salary
SELECT emp_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
-- Check if employee exists
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Update salary
UPDATE employees
SET salary = v_salary * 1.10
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
END; |
DECLARE
@total_emp_count FLOAT;
avg_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_emp_count = COUNT(*) FROM employees;
SELECT @avg_salary = AVG(salary) FROM employees;
IF @total_emp_count > 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total employee count: ' + isnull(@total_emp_count, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average salary: ' + isnull(avg_salary, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found in the database.');
END
END;
/ | DECLARE
total_emp_count NUMBER;
avg_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO total_emp_count FROM employees;
SELECT AVG(salary) INTO avg_salary FROM employees;
IF total_emp_count > 0 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total employee count: ' || total_emp_count);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average salary: ' || avg_salary);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employees found in the database.');
END IF;
END;
/ |
PL/SQL
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, '') + ' has a high salary of ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, '') + ' has a low salary of ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with the last name Smith was found.');
END
END;
/
| PL/SQL
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary
INTO v_emp_id, v_salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Smith';
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || v_emp_id || ' has a high salary of ' || v_salary);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || v_emp_id || ' has a low salary of ' || v_salary);
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee with the last name Smith was found.');
END;
/
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_info(@emp_id FLOAT)
RETURNS VARCHAR(4000)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @emp_name VARCHAR(255);
SELECT @emp_name = ename FROM emp WHERE empno = @emp_id;
RETURN @emp_name;
END;
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 7788;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SET @emp_name = dbo.get_employee_info(@emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found with ID: ' + isnull(@emp_id, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_info(emp_id NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
emp_name VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO emp_name FROM emp WHERE empno = emp_id;
RETURN emp_name;
END;
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 7788;
emp_name VARCHAR2(255);
BEGIN
emp_name := get_employee_info(emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found with ID: ' || emp_id);
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
employee_id FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
first_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
salary FLOAT NOT NULL
);
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_salary
(
@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_new_salary OUT NUMBER
)
IS
l_old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_old_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
set @p_new_salary = l_old_salary * 1.10;
UPDATE employees SET salary = p_new_salary WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@l_employee_id FLOAT;
l_new_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_employee_id = employee_id FROM employees WHERE first_name = 'John';
dbo.calculate_salary(@l_employee_id, l_new_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New salary: ' + isnull(l_new_salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
employee_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
first_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
last_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
salary NUMBER NOT NULL
);
CREATE PROCEDURE calculate_salary
(
p_employee_id IN NUMBER,
p_new_salary OUT NUMBER
)
IS
l_old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO l_old_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
p_new_salary := l_old_salary * 1.10;
UPDATE employees SET salary = p_new_salary WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
COMMIT;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
l_employee_id NUMBER;
l_new_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id INTO l_employee_id FROM employees WHERE first_name = 'John';
calculate_salary(l_employee_id, l_new_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New salary: ' || l_new_salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('usp_example', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE usp_example;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE usp_example (
@param1 IN AS NUMBER,
param2 IN VARCHAR2)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE example_table SET column1 = param1 WHERE column2 = param2;
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20101 No rows updated', 16, 1);
END
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE usp_example (
param1 IN NUMBER,
param2 IN VARCHAR2)
IS
BEGIN
UPDATE example_table SET column1 = param1 WHERE column2 = param2;
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20101, 'No rows updated');
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('sp_update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE sp_update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_update_employee(
@p_emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = p_salary WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE sp_update_employee(
p_emp_id IN NUMBER,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = p_salary WHERE emp_id = p_emp_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER)
AS
salary OUT NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END get_employee_salary;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
dbo.get_employee_salary(@emp_id, salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER)
AS
salary OUT NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
END get_employee_salary;
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
get_employee_salary(emp_id, salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' || salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@salary DECIMAL(10,2);
tax ROW_NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
SET @salary = 3500;
IF @salary > 2000 BEGIN
SET @tax = @salary * 0.10;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @tax = @salary * 0.05;
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Tax: ' + isnull(tax, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred.');
END;
|
DECLARE
salary NUMBER(10,2);
tax NUMBER(10,2);
BEGIN
salary := 3500;
IF salary > 2000 THEN
tax := salary * 0.10;
ELSE
tax := salary * 0.05;
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Tax: ' || tax);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('roll_a_die', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION roll_a_die;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION roll_a_die() RETURNS INTEGER AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @result INTEGER;
SELECT @result = ROUND(DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE * 6, 0) + 1;
RETURN @result;
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('flip_a_coin', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE flip_a_coin;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE flip_a_coin AS
outcome dbo.VARCHAR2(1);
BEGIN
SELECT @outcome = 'H' + ISNULL(CASE (ROUND(DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE, 0) % 2) WHEN 0 THEN 'T' ELSE '' END, '')
;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(outcome);
END;
DECLARE
@die_roll INTEGER;
coin_flip dbo.VARCHAR2(1);
BEGIN
SET @die_roll = dbo.roll_a_die();
dbo.flip_a_coin();
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('You rolled a ' + ISNULL(CONVERT(VARCHAR, @die_roll), ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('You flipped a ' + isnull(coin_flip, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION roll_a_die RETURN INTEGER IS
result INTEGER;
BEGIN
SELECT ROUND(DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE * 6) + 1 INTO result FROM dual;
RETURN result;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE flip_a_coin IS
outcome VARCHAR2(1);
BEGIN
SELECT 'H' || CASE MOD(ROUND(DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE), 2) WHEN 0 THEN 'T' ELSE '' END
INTO outcome FROM dual;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(outcome);
END;
DECLARE
die_roll INTEGER;
coin_flip VARCHAR2(1);
BEGIN
die_roll := roll_a_die();
flip_a_coin();
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('You rolled a ' || TO_CHAR(die_roll));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('You flipped a ' || coin_flip);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE add_product
(
@product_name VARCHAR(4000),
@description VARCHAR(4000),
@price FLOAT,
@quantity FLOAT
)
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
INSERT INTO products (product_name, description, price, quantity)
VALUES (@product_name, @description, @price, @quantity);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
THEN
RAISERROR('-20000 Product with same name already exists', 16, 1);
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_product_by_id
(
@product_id FLOAT
)
RETURNS productsDECLARE %ROWTYPE
BEGIN
AS
RETURN NULL;
END;
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM products WHERE product_id = product_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0
BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Product with specified ID does not exist', 16, 1);
END
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE @exit_status VARCHAR(5);
BEGIN
UPDATE products SET quantity = quantity + 1 WHERE product_id = 1;
SET @exit_status = 'SUCCESS';
EXCEPTION
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS
THEN
SET @exit_status = 'FAILURE';
END;
IF @exit_status = 'SUCCESS'
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Product quantity updated successfully');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while updating product quantity');
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE add_product
(
product_name VARCHAR2,
description VARCHAR2,
price NUMBER,
quantity NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO products (product_name, description, price, quantity)
VALUES (product_name, description, price, quantity);
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX
THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Product with same name already exists');
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_product_by_id
(
product_id NUMBER
)
RETURN products%ROWTYPE
AS
BEGIN
SELECT * FROM products WHERE product_id = product_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND
THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Product with specified ID does not exist');
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE exit_status VARCHAR2(5);
BEGIN
UPDATE products SET quantity = quantity + 1 WHERE product_id = 1;
exit_status := 'SUCCESS';
EXCEPTION
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS
THEN
exit_status := 'FAILURE';
END;
IF exit_status = 'SUCCESS'
THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Product quantity updated successfully');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred while updating product quantity');
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(@emp_id FLOAT, @salary FLOAT, @dept_id FLOAT) AS
sal_diff NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @sal_diff = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF sal_diff < 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary cannot be decreased', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + salary * (salary / 100), department_id = dept_id WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(emp_id NUMBER, salary NUMBER, dept_id NUMBER) IS
sal_diff NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO sal_diff FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF sal_diff < 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary cannot be decreased');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary + salary * (salary / 100), department_id = dept_id WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_info', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_info;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info (
@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
OUT p_first_name OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_last_name OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_salary OUT NUMBER,
OUT p_job_title OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_department_name OUT VARCHAR2
) IS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_first_name = first_name,
@p_last_name = last_name,
@p_salary = salary,
@p_job_title = job_title,
@p_department_name = department_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_info (
p_employee_id IN NUMBER,
OUT p_first_name OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_last_name OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_salary OUT NUMBER,
OUT p_job_title OUT VARCHAR2,
OUT p_department_name OUT VARCHAR2
) IS
BEGIN
SELECT first_name,
last_name,
salary,
job_title,
department_name
INTO p_first_name,
p_last_name,
p_salary,
p_job_title,
p_department_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure (
@p1 IN AS VARCHAR2,
p2 OUT NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
SELECT @p2 = COUNT(*)
FROM my_table
WHERE field1 = p1;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @p2 = 0;
END
END;
CREATE FUNCTION my_function (
@p1 IN NUMBER
DECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
BEGIN
RETURN CONCAT('Input: ', p1, ', Output: ', p1 * 2);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_result VARCHAR(100);
BEGIN
SET @v_result = dbo.my_function(20);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(@v_result);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
END;
CREATE TABLE my_table (
id FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(100),
age FLOAT
);
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name, age) VALUES (1, 'John', 25);
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name, age) VALUES (2, 'Jane', 30);
SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE age > 25;
UPDATE my_table SET name = 'John Doe' WHERE id = 1;
DELETE FROM my_table WHERE age < 25;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_procedure (
p1 IN VARCHAR2,
p2 OUT NUMBER
) IS
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO p2
FROM my_table
WHERE field1 = p1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
p2 := 0;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION my_function (
p1 IN NUMBER
) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
BEGIN
RETURN CONCAT('Input: ', p1, ', Output: ', p1 * 2);
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_result VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
v_result := my_function(20);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_result);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred');
END;
END;
CREATE TABLE my_table (
id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR2(100),
age NUMBER
);
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name, age) VALUES (1, 'John', 25);
INSERT INTO my_table (id, name, age) VALUES (2, 'Jane', 30);
SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE age > 25;
UPDATE my_table SET name = 'John Doe' WHERE id = 1;
DELETE FROM my_table WHERE age < 25;
|
DECLARE
@emp_id FLOAT;
sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = employee_id, @sal = salary
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF sal > 10000 BEGIN
SET @sal = sal * 1.10;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @sal = sal * 1.05;
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = sal
WHERE employee_id = @emp_id;
COMMIT;
END; | DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER;
sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, salary
INTO emp_id, sal
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'King';
IF sal > 10000 THEN
sal := sal * 1.10;
ELSE
sal := sal * 1.05;
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = sal
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
COMMIT;
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('my_proc', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE my_proc;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE my_proc (@param1 IN AS NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE
@local_var FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @local_var = COUNT(*) FROM t1 WHERE c1 = param1;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
SET @local_var = 0;
END
END;
IF @local_var > 0 BEGIN
UPDATE t1 SET c2 = c2 + 1 WHERE c1 = param1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
INSERT INTO t1 (c1, c2) VALUES (param1, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE my_proc (param1 IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE
local_var NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO local_var FROM t1 WHERE c1 = param1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
local_var := 0;
END;
IF local_var > 0 THEN
UPDATE t1 SET c2 = c2 + 1 WHERE c1 = param1;
ELSE
INSERT INTO t1 (c1, c2) VALUES (param1, 1);
END IF;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 10;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_name = name, @v_emp_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE id = @v_emp_id;
IF v_emp_salary > 10000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE id = @v_emp_id;
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is low, no raise given.');
END
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 10;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
v_emp_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT name, salary INTO v_emp_name, v_emp_salary FROM employees WHERE id = v_emp_id;
IF v_emp_salary > 10000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE id = v_emp_id;
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is low, no raise given.');
END IF;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
ROLLBACK;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_max_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_max_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_max_salary(@deptno IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
max_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @max_salary = MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE deptno = deptno;
RETURN max_salary;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@bonus_percent FLOAT := 0.1;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + (salary * @bonus_percent)
WHERE employee_id = 100;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_max_salary(deptno IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
max_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT MAX(salary)
INTO max_salary
FROM employees
WHERE deptno = deptno;
RETURN max_salary;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
bonus_percent NUMBER := 0.1;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary
INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 100;
UPDATE employees
SET salary = salary + (salary * bonus_percent)
WHERE employee_id = 100;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN SYS_REFCURSOR
RETURN NULL;
END; AS
CURSOR c_orders IS SELECT order_id, order_date FROM orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
BEGIN
OPEN c_orders;
RETURN c_orders;
END;
/ | CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR AS
CURSOR c_orders IS SELECT order_id, order_date FROM orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
BEGIN
OPEN c_orders;
RETURN c_orders;
END;
/ |
IF OBJECT_ID('get_customer_orders', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_customer_orders;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
order_rec c_orders%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN c_orders;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH c_orders INTO @order_rec;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(order_rec.order_id, '') + ' ' + isnull(order_rec.order_date, '') + ' ' + isnull(order_rec.total_amount, ''));
END;
CLOSE c_orders;
END get_customer_orders;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_customer_orders(customer_id IN NUMBER) AS
CURSOR c_orders IS
SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
order_rec c_orders%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN c_orders;
LOOP
FETCH c_orders INTO order_rec;
EXIT WHEN c_orders%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(order_rec.order_id || ' ' || order_rec.order_date || ' ' || order_rec.total_amount);
END LOOP;
CLOSE c_orders;
END get_customer_orders;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
id FLOAT IDENTITY() PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50),
salary FLOAT,
department_id FLOAT
);
*** into the table
INSERT INTO employees (name, salary, department_id) VALUES ('John Smith', 10000, 1);
INSERT INTO employees (name, salary, department_id) VALUES ('Jane Doe', 12000, 2);
*** rocedure to get an employee's salary
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary (@id IN AS NUMBER, OUT salary OUT NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE id = id;
END;
*** to calculate the total salary for a department
IF OBJECT_ID('get_total_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_total_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_total_salary (@department_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
total_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_salary = SUM(salary) FROM employees WHERE department_id = department_id;
RETURN total_salary;
END;
*** n the table
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE id = 1;
*** rom the table
DELETE FROM employees WHERE id = 2;
-- Ha... ***
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
*** a record with an invalid salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = -1 WHERE id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Ha... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Invalid salary value.');
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE employees (
id NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR2(50),
salary NUMBER,
department_id NUMBER
);
-- Insert some data into the table
INSERT INTO employees (name, salary, department_id) VALUES ('John Smith', 10000, 1);
INSERT INTO employees (name, salary, department_id) VALUES ('Jane Doe', 12000, 2);
-- Create a stored procedure to get an employee's salary
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary (id IN NUMBER, OUT salary OUT NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE id = id;
END;
-- Create a function to calculate the total salary for a department
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_total_salary (department_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER
IS
total_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(salary) INTO total_salary FROM employees WHERE department_id = department_id;
RETURN total_salary;
END;
-- Update a record in the table
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.10 WHERE id = 1;
-- Delete a record from the table
DELETE FROM employees WHERE id = 2;
-- Handle an error
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Attempt to update a record with an invalid salary
UPDATE employees SET salary = -1 WHERE id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle the error
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Invalid salary value.');
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('calculate_average', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION calculate_average;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION calculate_average(@id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
average NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @average = SUM(points) / COUNT(*) FROM scores WHERE player_id = id;
RETURN average;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
DECLARE
@player_id FLOAT := 12345;
average_score NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @average_score = dbo.calculate_average(@player_id);
IF average_score IS NULL BEGIN
RAISE INVALID_PLAYER_ID_EXCEPTION;
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average player score: ' + isnull(average_score, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION calculate_average(id IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
average NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT SUM(points) / COUNT(*) INTO average FROM scores WHERE player_id = id;
RETURN average;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
DECLARE
player_id NUMBER := 12345;
average_score NUMBER;
BEGIN
average_score := calculate_average(player_id);
IF average_score IS NULL THEN
RAISE INVALID_PLAYER_ID_EXCEPTION;
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Average player score: ' || average_score);
END IF;
END;
|
BEGIN
-- De... ***
v_emp_id SET @NUMBER = 100;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
--SEL... ***
SELECT @v_emp_name = ename, @v_salary = sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = v_emp_id;
-- IF... ***
IF v_salary > 5000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(v_emp_name, '') + ' has a high salary of ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' + isnull(v_emp_name, '') + ' has a low salary of ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
END
-- Ex... ***
BEGIN
*** may raise an exception
RAISERROR('-20001 Custom error message', 16, 1);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** ion
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END; | BEGIN
-- Declare variables
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
--SELECT
SELECT ename, sal
INTO v_emp_name, v_salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = v_emp_id;
-- IF statement
IF v_salary > 5000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || v_emp_name || ' has a high salary of ' || v_salary);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ' || v_emp_name || ' has a low salary of ' || v_salary);
END IF;
-- Exception handling
BEGIN
-- Do something that may raise an exception
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Custom error message');
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle the exception
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END; |
BEGIN
DECLARE @total_employees INTEGER;
BEGIN
SELECT @total_employees = COUNT(*) FROM employees;
END;
IF @total_employees > 100 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20000 Too many employees', 16, 1);
END
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email)
VALUES (101, 'John', 'Doe', '[email protected]');
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE total_employees INTEGER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO total_employees FROM employees;
END;
IF total_employees > 100 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000, 'Too many employees');
END IF;
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, first_name, last_name, email)
VALUES (101, 'John', 'Doe', '[email protected]');
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END; |
sql
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_details', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_details;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_details(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN employee_record%ROWTYPE
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
empl employee_record%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @empl = * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF empl IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
RETURN empl;
END get_employee_details;
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@emp_id IN AS NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
END update_employee_salary;
-- Dr... ***
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_details;
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
| sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_details(emp_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN employee_record%ROWTYPE IS
empl employee_record%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT * INTO empl FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF empl IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found.');
END IF;
RETURN empl;
END get_employee_details;
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER, new_salary IN NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'Employee not found.');
END IF;
END update_employee_salary;
-- Drop these objects
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_details;
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno VARCHAR(4000) /* Use -meta option EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE */;
v_salary EMPLOYEE.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_salary = salary
FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE empno = 10;
IF v_salary > 10000
BEGIN
UPDATE EMPLOYEE
SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
END
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20101 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno EMPLOYEE.empno%TYPE;
v_salary EMPLOYEE.salary%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT empno, salary
INTO v_empno, v_salary
FROM EMPLOYEE
WHERE empno = 10;
IF v_salary > 10000
THEN
UPDATE EMPLOYEE
SET salary = salary * 1.1
WHERE empno = v_empno;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20101, 'Employee not found');
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF @v_salary > 10000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Salary too high', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees SET salary = @v_salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISERROR('-20002 An error occurred', 16, 1);
END;
|
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO v_salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 1;
IF v_salary > 10000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Salary too high');
END IF;
UPDATE employees SET salary = v_salary * 1.1 WHERE employee_id = 1;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'An error occurred');
END;
|
CREATE TABLE emp (
empno SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY,
ename VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
deptno SMALLINT,
sal DECIMAL(7,2)
);
CREATE TABLE dept (
deptno SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY,
dname VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
loc VARCHAR(10)
);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7369, 'SMITH', 20, 800);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN', 30, 1600);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7521, 'WARD', 30, 1250);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7566, 'JONES', 20, 2975);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7654, 'MARTIN', 30, 1250);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7698, 'BLAKE', 30, 2850);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7782, 'CLARK', 10, 2450);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7839, 'KING', 10, 5000);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7844, 'TURNER', 30, 1500);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7900, 'JAMES', 30, 950);
INSERT INTO dept (deptno, dname, loc) VALUES (10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO dept (deptno, dname, loc) VALUES (20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
INSERT INTO dept (deptno, dname, loc) VALUES (30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
*** to get employee information
CREATE PROCEDURE get_emp_info (
@p_empno IN AS NUMBER
)
AS
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(10);
v_deptno ROW_NUMBER(2);
v_sal ROW_NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_ename = ename, @v_deptno = deptno, @v_sal = sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = p_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_ename, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department Number: ' + isnull(v_deptno, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(v_sal, ''));
END;
*** late bonus
CREATE FUNCTION get_bonus (
@p_sal IN NUMBER
DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
v_bonus ROW_NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
set @v_bonus = p_sal * 0.1;
RETURN v_bonus;
END;
*** update employee salary
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal * 1.10
WHERE deptno = 20;
*** truct to display employees with salary greater than 2000
BEGIN
DECLARE emp_rec CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal > 2000; OPEN emp_rec;
FETCH emp_rec INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(@emp_rec_ename, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(@emp_rec_sal, ''));
FETCH emp_rec INTO;
END;
CLOSE emp_rec;
DEALLOCATE emp_rec;
END;
*** enario to catch division by zero error
BEGIN
DECLARE
@v_sal DECIMAL(7,2) := 0;
v_bonus ROW_NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
SET @v_bonus = 1000 / @v_sal; *** error will occur here
EXCEPTION
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Division by zero error occurred.');
END;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE emp (
empno NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY,
ename VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
deptno NUMBER(2),
sal NUMBER(7,2)
);
CREATE TABLE dept (
deptno NUMBER(2) PRIMARY KEY,
dname VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL,
loc VARCHAR2(10)
);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7369, 'SMITH', 20, 800);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7499, 'ALLEN', 30, 1600);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7521, 'WARD', 30, 1250);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7566, 'JONES', 20, 2975);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7654, 'MARTIN', 30, 1250);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7698, 'BLAKE', 30, 2850);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7782, 'CLARK', 10, 2450);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7839, 'KING', 10, 5000);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7844, 'TURNER', 30, 1500);
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, deptno, sal) VALUES (7900, 'JAMES', 30, 950);
INSERT INTO dept (deptno, dname, loc) VALUES (10, 'ACCOUNTING', 'NEW YORK');
INSERT INTO dept (deptno, dname, loc) VALUES (20, 'RESEARCH', 'DALLAS');
INSERT INTO dept (deptno, dname, loc) VALUES (30, 'SALES', 'CHICAGO');
-- Stored procedure to get employee information
CREATE PROCEDURE get_emp_info (
p_empno IN NUMBER
)
AS
v_ename VARCHAR2(10);
v_deptno NUMBER(2);
v_sal NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
SELECT ename, deptno, sal
INTO v_ename, v_deptno, v_sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = p_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_ename);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Department Number: ' || v_deptno);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_sal);
END;
-- Function to calculate bonus
CREATE FUNCTION get_bonus (
p_sal IN NUMBER
)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
v_bonus NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
v_bonus := p_sal * 0.1;
RETURN v_bonus;
END;
-- SQL statement to update employee salary
UPDATE emp
SET sal = sal * 1.10
WHERE deptno = 20;
-- Control flow construct to display employees with salary greater than 2000
BEGIN
FOR emp_rec IN (SELECT * FROM emp WHERE sal > 2000) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_rec.ename);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || emp_rec.sal);
END LOOP;
END;
-- Error handling scenario to catch division by zero error
BEGIN
DECLARE
v_sal NUMBER(7,2) := 0;
v_bonus NUMBER(7,2);
BEGIN
v_bonus := 1000 / v_sal; -- Division by zero error will occur here
EXCEPTION
WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Division by zero error occurred.');
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE update_salary(@emp_id FLOAT, @new_salary FLOAT) AS
salary_updated SET @BOOLEAN = FALSE;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@ROWCOUNT > 0 BEGIN
set @salary_updated = TRUE;
END
COMMIT;
IF salary_updated BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that ID.');
END
END update_salary;
|
PROCEDURE update_salary(emp_id NUMBER, new_salary NUMBER) IS
salary_updated BOOLEAN := FALSE;
BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF SQL%ROWCOUNT > 0 THEN
salary_updated := TRUE;
END IF;
COMMIT;
IF salary_updated THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary updated successfully.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with that ID.');
END IF;
END update_salary;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@salary_table SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
WHERE
salary > 10000;
FETCH salary_table INTO @emp_rec;
WHILE @salary_table%FOUND BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line(isnull(emp_rec.empno, '') + ', ' + isnull(emp_rec.salary, ''));
FETCH salary_table INTO @emp_rec;
END;
CLOSE salary_table;
END;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('No employees found with salary greater than 10000');
END
END; | BEGIN
DECLARE
salary_table SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN salary_table FOR
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
WHERE
salary > 10000;
FETCH salary_table INTO emp_rec;
WHILE salary_table%FOUND LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(emp_rec.empno || ', ' || emp_rec.salary);
FETCH salary_table INTO emp_rec;
END LOOP;
CLOSE salary_table;
END;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
dbms_output.put_line('No employees found with salary greater than 10000');
END; |
DECLARE
@v_sal FLOAT := 1000;
v_bonus SET @NUMBER = 200;
v_total_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @v_total_sal = @v_sal + v_bonus;
IF v_total_sal > 1200 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary is greater than 1200');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary is less than or equal to 1200');
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_sal NUMBER := 1000;
v_bonus NUMBER := 200;
v_total_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_total_sal := v_sal + v_bonus;
IF v_total_sal > 1200 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary is greater than 1200');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total salary is less than or equal to 1200');
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** ils
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_name = 'John Doe';
-- Ca... ***
SET @v_bonus = v_salary * 0.1;
*** onus
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_salary NUMBER;
v_bonus NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Get employee details
SELECT emp_id, salary INTO v_emp_id, v_salary FROM employees WHERE emp_name = 'John Doe';
-- Calculate bonus
v_bonus := v_salary * 0.1;
-- Update employee bonus
UPDATE employees SET bonus = v_bonus WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_salary_update (
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
*** ariable to store the old salary
old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** y of the employee
SELECT @old_salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
*** of the employee
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
*** n if the salary is less than the old salary
IF new_salary < old_salary BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 New salary must be greater than or equal to old salary', 16, 1);
END
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE emp_salary_update (
emp_id IN NUMBER,
new_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
-- Declare a local variable to store the old salary
old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Get the old salary of the employee
SELECT salary INTO old_salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Update the salary of the employee
UPDATE employees
SET salary = new_salary
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
-- Raise an exception if the salary is less than the old salary
IF new_salary < old_salary THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'New salary must be greater than or equal to old salary');
END IF;
END;
|
*** o Transfer Money Between Accounts
IF OBJECT_ID('Transfer_Money', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE Transfer_Money;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE Transfer_Money(
@p_from_account IN AS NUMBER,
p_to_account IN NUMBER,
p_amount IN NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
*** nt is positive
IF p_amount <= 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Transfer amount must be positive', 16, 1);
END
*** e of the from account
UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance - p_amount WHERE account_id = p_from_account;
*** e of the to account
UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance + p_amount WHERE account_id = p_to_account;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
END Transfer_Money;
*** ate the Average Salary
IF OBJECT_ID('Get_Average_Salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION Get_Average_Salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION Get_Average_Salary(
@p_dept_id IN NUMBER
DECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
v_average_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_average_salary = AVG(salary) FROM Employees WHERE dept_id = p_dept_id;
RETURN v_average_salary;
END Get_Average_Salary;
*** ind Employees with High Salaries
SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM Employees);
*** ruct
BEGIN
-- So... ***
*** met, execute this block
IF TRUE BEGIN
-- So... ***
END
ELSE BEGIN
*** here...
END
END;
*** nario
BEGIN
-- So... ***
*** is block
BEGIN
-- So... ***
EXCEPTION
*** that occur in the try block
WHEN OTHERS THEN
*** here...
END;
END;
|
--Stored Procedure to Transfer Money Between Accounts
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Transfer_Money(
p_from_account IN NUMBER,
p_to_account IN NUMBER,
p_amount IN NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
-- Check if the amount is positive
IF p_amount <= 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Transfer amount must be positive');
END IF;
-- Update the balance of the from account
UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance - p_amount WHERE account_id = p_from_account;
-- Update the balance of the to account
UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance + p_amount WHERE account_id = p_to_account;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
END Transfer_Money;
--Function to Calculate the Average Salary
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION Get_Average_Salary(
p_dept_id IN NUMBER
)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
v_average_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT AVG(salary) INTO v_average_salary FROM Employees WHERE dept_id = p_dept_id;
RETURN v_average_salary;
END Get_Average_Salary;
--SQL Statement to Find Employees with High Salaries
SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM Employees);
--Control Flow Construct
BEGIN
-- Some logic here...
-- If a condition is met, execute this block
IF TRUE THEN
-- Some logic here...
ELSE
-- Some other logic here...
END IF;
END;
--Error Handling Scenario
BEGIN
-- Some logic here...
-- Try to execute this block
BEGIN
-- Some logic here...
EXCEPTION
-- Catch any errors that occur in the try block
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle the error here...
END;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary(
@emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
OUT salary OUT NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
set @salary = NULL;
END
END;
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT := 100;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
dbo.get_employee_salary(@v_emp_id, v_salary);
IF v_salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_employee_salary(
emp_id IN NUMBER,
OUT salary OUT NUMBER
)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
salary := NULL;
END;
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER := 100;
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
get_employee_salary(v_emp_id, v_salary);
IF v_salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_salary);
END IF;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE employee_info(@employee_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = employee_name,
@job_titl = job_title,
@sal = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(50);
job_titl dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
dbo.employee_info(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(@emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Job Title: ' + isnull(job_titl, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(sal, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE employee_info(employee_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
SELECT employee_name,
job_title,
salary
INTO emp_name, job_titl, sal
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
DECLARE
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
job_titl VARCHAR2(50);
sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
employee_info(100);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Job Title: ' || job_titl);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || sal);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_emp_name = employee_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
dbms_output.put_line('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
dbms_output.put_line('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line('Employee not found.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, employee_name INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;
dbms_output.put_line('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
dbms_output.put_line('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Employee not found.');
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee_salary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(@p_id FLOAT, @p_salary FLOAT) AS
l_old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @l_old_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = p_id;
IF l_old_salary >= p_salary BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 New salary cannot be less than old salary', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = p_salary WHERE emp_id = p_id;
COMMIT;
END
END;
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@p_id FLOAT) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = @p_id;
RETURN NULL;
END;
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
SET @v_salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(10);
IF @v_salary IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20002 No employee found with the given ID', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
dbo.update_employee_salary(10, @v_salary * 1.1);
END
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee_salary(p_id NUMBER, p_salary NUMBER) IS
l_old_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO l_old_salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = p_id;
IF l_old_salary >= p_salary THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'New salary cannot be less than old salary');
ELSE
UPDATE employees SET salary = p_salary WHERE emp_id = p_id;
COMMIT;
END IF;
END;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(p_id NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
BEGIN
SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = p_id;
END;
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
v_salary := get_employee_salary(10);
IF v_salary IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20002, 'No employee found with the given ID');
ELSE
update_employee_salary(10, v_salary * 1.1);
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('TEST_PROC', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE TEST_PROC;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE TEST_PROC (
@IN IN_VAR AS VARCHAR2,
OUT OUT_VAR VARCHAR2)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT INTO OUT_VAR
FROM EMP
WHERE EMPNO = IN_VAR;
RETURN;
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE @OUT_VAR VARCHAR(20);
dbo.TEST_PROC ('7839', @OUT_VAR);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (@OUT_VAR);
RETURN;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Error: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE TEST_PROC (
IN IN_VAR VARCHAR2,
OUT OUT_VAR VARCHAR2)
IS
BEGIN
SELECT INTO OUT_VAR
FROM EMP
WHERE EMPNO = IN_VAR;
RETURN;
END;
/
BEGIN
DECLARE OUT_VAR VARCHAR2(20);
TEST_PROC ('7839', OUT_VAR);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (OUT_VAR);
RETURN;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ('Error: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
CREATE TABLE Employee(
emp_id SMALLINT PRIMARY KEY,
emp_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
salary DECIMAL(8, 2) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO Employee(emp_id, emp_name, salary) VALUES (1, 'Alice', 10000);
INSERT INTO Employee(emp_id, emp_name, salary) VALUES (2, 'Bob', 12000);
INSERT INTO Employee(emp_id, emp_name, salary) VALUES (3, 'Carol', 15000);
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_name VARCHAR(50);
salary ROW_NUMBER(8, 2);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_name = @emp_name, @salary = salary
FROM Employee
WHERE emp_id = 2;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' + isnull(@emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Emploee salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
END;
COMMIT; | CREATE TABLE Employee(
emp_id NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY,
emp_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
salary NUMBER(8, 2) NOT NULL
);
INSERT INTO Employee(emp_id, emp_name, salary) VALUES (1, 'Alice', 10000);
INSERT INTO Employee(emp_id, emp_name, salary) VALUES (2, 'Bob', 12000);
INSERT INTO Employee(emp_id, emp_name, salary) VALUES (3, 'Carol', 15000);
BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
salary NUMBER(8, 2);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_name, salary
INTO emp_name, salary
FROM Employee
WHERE emp_id = 2;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee name: ' || emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Emploee salary: ' || salary);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
END;
COMMIT; |
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name, @v_salary = salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' + isnull(v_salary, ''));
IF v_salary > 5000 BEGIN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE emp_id = 10;
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is too low to give raise.');
END
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New Salary: ' + ISNULL((SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10), ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name, salary INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name, v_salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || v_salary);
IF v_salary > 5000 THEN
UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE emp_id = 10;
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is too low to give raise.');
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New Salary: ' || (SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10));
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_stored_proc(@x IN AS NUMBER, y IN NUMBER)
AS
l_sum NUMBER;
BEGIN
set @l_sum = x + y;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The sum is ' + isnull(l_sum, ''));
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END my_stored_proc;
DECLARE
@l_x FLOAT := 10;
l_y SET @NUMBER = 20;
BEGIN
dbo.my_stored_proc(@l_x, l_y);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE my_stored_proc(x IN NUMBER, y IN NUMBER)
AS
l_sum NUMBER;
BEGIN
l_sum := x + y;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The sum is ' || l_sum);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END my_stored_proc;
DECLARE
l_x NUMBER := 10;
l_y NUMBER := 20;
BEGIN
my_stored_proc(l_x, l_y);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE v_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM emp;
DECLARE
BEGIN
OPEN v_cursor;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH v_cursor INTO @v_row;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(@v_row_ename, ''));
END;
CLOSE v_cursor;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred.');
END;
/ | BEGIN
DECLARE v_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM emp;
DECLARE v_row emp%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
OPEN v_cursor;
LOOP
FETCH v_cursor INTO v_row;
EXIT WHEN v_cursor%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_row.ename);
END LOOP;
CLOSE v_cursor;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred.');
END;
/ |
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' + isnull(@v_emp_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' + isnull(v_emp_name, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(50);
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id, emp_name INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name FROM employees WHERE emp_id = 10;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || v_emp_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Name: ' || v_emp_name);
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('InsertEmployee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE InsertEmployee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE InsertEmployee(
@p_emp_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_emp_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_emp_dept IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Employees (EMP_ID, EMP_NAME, EMP_DEPT)
VALUES (p_emp_id, p_emp_name, p_emp_dept);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISERROR('-20001 Error inserting employee: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''), 16, 1);
END;
DECLARE
@f_emp_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
SELECT @f_emp_id = MAX(EMP_ID) + 1
FROM Employees;
dbo.InsertEmployee(@f_emp_id, 'John Doe', 10);
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE InsertEmployee(
p_emp_id IN NUMBER,
p_emp_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_emp_dept IN NUMBER)
IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Employees (EMP_ID, EMP_NAME, EMP_DEPT)
VALUES (p_emp_id, p_emp_name, p_emp_dept);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Error inserting employee: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
DECLARE
f_emp_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT MAX(EMP_ID) + 1
INTO f_emp_id
FROM Employees;
InsertEmployee(f_emp_id, 'John Doe', 10);
END;
|
DECLARE
@cust_id FLOAT;
amount NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @cust_id = customer_id, @amount = balance
FROM customer
WHERE balance < 0;
IF amount < -1000 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Balance too low', 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
UPDATE customer SET balance = balance * 1.1
WHERE customer_id = @cust_id;
COMMIT;
END
END;
/
|
DECLARE
cust_id NUMBER;
amount NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT customer_id, balance
INTO cust_id, amount
FROM customer
WHERE balance < 0;
IF amount < -1000 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Balance too low');
ELSE
UPDATE customer SET balance = balance * 1.1
WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
COMMIT;
END IF;
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE TransferFunds(
@IN p_from_account_id AS NUMBER,
IN p_to_account_id NUMBER,
IN p_transfer_amount NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance - p_transfer_amount WHERE account_id = p_from_account_id;
UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance + p_transfer_amount WHERE account_id = p_to_account_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE TransferFunds(
IN p_from_account_id NUMBER,
IN p_to_account_id NUMBER,
IN p_transfer_amount NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
BEGIN
UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance - p_transfer_amount WHERE account_id = p_from_account_id;
UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance + p_transfer_amount WHERE account_id = p_to_account_id;
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
ROLLBACK;
RAISE;
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
BEGIN
SELECT @v_name = name FROM t_employees WHERE id = i;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_name);
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' + isnull(i, ''));
END
END;
END;
END; | BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
BEGIN
SELECT name INTO v_name FROM t_employees WHERE id = i;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' || i);
END;
END LOOP;
END; |
CREATE PROCEDURE some_proc (@p1 IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @i INT = 1;
WHILE @i <= 10 BEGIN
IF i % 2 = 0 BEGIN
UPDATE t SET col1 = col1 + 1 WHERE id = i;
END
ELSE BEGIN
DELETE FROM t WHERE id = i;
END
END;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
CREATE PROCEDURE some_proc (p1 IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
FOR i IN 1..10 LOOP
IF i % 2 = 0 THEN
UPDATE t SET col1 = col1 + 1 WHERE id = i;
ELSE
DELETE FROM t WHERE id = i;
END IF;
END LOOP;
COMMIT;
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(25);
BEGIN
SELECT @v_emp_id = employee_id, @v_emp_name = employee_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 12345;
IF @v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20101 Employee not found.', 16, 1);
END
UPDATE employees
SET employee_name = 'John Doe'
WHERE employee_id = @v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee updated successfully.');
END;
/
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(25);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, employee_name
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 12345;
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20101, 'Employee not found.');
END IF;
UPDATE employees
SET employee_name = 'John Doe'
WHERE employee_id = v_emp_id;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee updated successfully.');
END;
/
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_dept_employees', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE get_dept_employees;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE get_dept_employees(@dept_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
emp_rec EMP%ROWTYPE;
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT *
FROM emp
WHERE deptno = dept_id;
BEGIN
OPEN c1;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH c1 INTO @emp_rec;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
dbms_output.put_line(isnull(emp_rec.ename, '') + ' - ' + isnull(emp_rec.job, ''));
END;
CLOSE c1;
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE get_dept_employees(dept_id IN NUMBER) AS
emp_rec EMP%ROWTYPE;
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT *
FROM emp
WHERE deptno = dept_id;
BEGIN
OPEN c1;
LOOP
FETCH c1 INTO emp_rec;
EXIT WHEN c1%NOTFOUND;
dbms_output.put_line(emp_rec.ename || ' - ' || emp_rec.job);
END LOOP;
CLOSE c1;
END;
|
CREATE TABLE emp (
id BIGINT,
name VARCHAR(50),
salary DECIMAL(10,2),
dept_id BIGINT
);
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, salary, dept_id) VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 10000, 10);
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, salary, dept_id) VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 12000, 10);
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, salary, dept_id) VALUES (3, 'Bob Smith', 15000, 20);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_emp_salary (
@p_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_salary OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @p_salary = salary FROM emp WHERE id = p_id;
END get_emp_salary;
DECLARE
@v_salary FLOAT;
BEGIN
dbo.get_emp_salary(2, @v_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(@v_salary);
END;
|
CREATE TABLE emp (
id NUMBER(10),
name VARCHAR2(50),
salary NUMBER(10,2),
dept_id NUMBER(10)
);
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, salary, dept_id) VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 10000, 10);
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, salary, dept_id) VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 12000, 10);
INSERT INTO emp (id, name, salary, dept_id) VALUES (3, 'Bob Smith', 15000, 20);
CREATE PROCEDURE get_emp_salary (
p_id IN NUMBER,
p_salary OUT NUMBER
)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO p_salary FROM emp WHERE id = p_id;
END get_emp_salary;
DECLARE
v_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
get_emp_salary(2, v_salary);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_salary);
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info (@employee_id FLOAT, @OUT first_name AS VARCHAR2, OUT last_name VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
SELECT @first_name = first_name, @last_name = last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
@first_name VARCHAR(20);
last_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
dbo.get_employee_info(100, @first_name, last_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee First Name: ' + isnull(@first_name, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Last Name: ' + isnull(last_name, ''));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE get_employee_info (employee_id NUMBER, OUT first_name VARCHAR2, OUT last_name VARCHAR2) IS
BEGIN
SELECT first_name, last_name
INTO first_name, last_name
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
END;
BEGIN
DECLARE
first_name VARCHAR2(20);
last_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
get_employee_info(100, first_name, last_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee First Name: ' || first_name);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee Last Name: ' || last_name);
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
@PROCEDURE show_emp (empno NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
SELECT deptno, salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = empno;
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_salary (@empno FLOAT) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @salary FLOAT;
SELECT @salary = @salary
FROM emp
WHERE @empno = @empno;
RETURN @salary;
END;
BEGIN
dbo.show_emp(7369);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(dbo.get_salary(7369));
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END; | DECLARE
PROCEDURE show_emp (empno NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
SELECT deptno, salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = empno;
END;
FUNCTION get_salary (empno NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary
INTO salary
FROM emp
WHERE empno = empno;
RETURN salary;
END;
BEGIN
show_emp(7369);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(get_salary(7369));
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END; |
IF OBJECT_ID('GET_EMPLOYEE_COUNT', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GET_EMPLOYEE_COUNT;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GET_EMPLOYEE_COUNT(@DEPARTMENT_ID IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END;
IS
EMPLOYEE_COUNT NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @EMPLOYEE_COUNT = COUNT(*)
FROM EMPLOYEES
WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID = DEPARTMENT_ID;
RETURN EMPLOYEE_COUNT;
END;
DECLARE
@V_DEPARTMENT_ID FLOAT := 10;
V_EMPLOYEE_COUNT NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @V_EMPLOYEE_COUNT = dbo.GET_EMPLOYEE_COUNT(@V_DEPARTMENT_ID);
IF V_EMPLOYEE_COUNT = 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 No employees found in department ' + ISNULL(@V_DEPARTMENT_ID, ''), 16, 1);
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number of employees in department ' + ISNULL(@V_DEPARTMENT_ID, '') + ' is ' + ISNULL(V_EMPLOYEE_COUNT, ''));
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GET_EMPLOYEE_COUNT(DEPARTMENT_ID IN NUMBER)
RETURN NUMBER
IS
EMPLOYEE_COUNT NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO EMPLOYEE_COUNT
FROM EMPLOYEES
WHERE DEPARTMENT_ID = DEPARTMENT_ID;
RETURN EMPLOYEE_COUNT;
END;
DECLARE
V_DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER := 10;
V_EMPLOYEE_COUNT NUMBER;
BEGIN
V_EMPLOYEE_COUNT := GET_EMPLOYEE_COUNT(V_DEPARTMENT_ID);
IF V_EMPLOYEE_COUNT = 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'No employees found in department ' || V_DEPARTMENT_ID);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Number of employees in department ' || V_DEPARTMENT_ID || ' is ' || V_EMPLOYEE_COUNT);
END IF;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@employee_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
END;
/
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(employee_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary FROM employees WHERE employee_id = employee_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END;
/
|
DECLARE
@cur_emp_details SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name
FROM employees;
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH cur_emp_details INTO @emp_id, @first_name, @last_name;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(isnull(emp_id, '') + ' ' + isnull(first_name, '') + ' ' + isnull(last_name, ''));
END;
CLOSE cur_emp_details;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
|
DECLARE
cur_emp_details SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN cur_emp_details FOR
SELECT employee_id, first_name, last_name
FROM employees;
LOOP
FETCH cur_emp_details INTO emp_id, first_name, last_name;
EXIT WHEN cur_emp_details%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(emp_id || ' ' || first_name || ' ' || last_name);
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur_emp_details;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
|
BEGIN
DECLARE
@emp_id SMALLINT;
emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
sal ROW_NUMBER(8,2);
BEGIN
SELECT @emp_id = employee_id, @emp_name = first_name, @sal = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = &emp_id;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
IF sal > 10000 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is greater than 10000.');
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is less than or equal to 10000.');
END
END;
/ | BEGIN
DECLARE
emp_id NUMBER(4);
emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
sal NUMBER(8,2);
BEGIN
SELECT employee_id, first_name, salary
INTO emp_id, emp_name, sal
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = &emp_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END;
IF sal > 10000 THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is greater than 10000.');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary is less than or equal to 10000.');
END IF;
END;
/ |
IF OBJECT_ID('GetCustomerInfo', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION GetCustomerInfo;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION GetCustomerInfo(@cust_id FLOAT)
RETURNS SYS_REFCURSOR AS
BEGIN
DECLARE cur CURSOR LOCAL FOR
SELECT *
FROM Customers
WHERE customer_id = @cust_id;
OPEN cur;
RETURN cur;
END;
DECLARE
@rc SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
SET @rc = dbo.GetCustomerInfo(10);
WHILE 1=1 BEGIN
FETCH rc INTO @custid, @custname, @city;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BREAK;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer ID: ' + isnull(custid, '') + ', Name: ' + isnull(custname, '') + ', City: ' + isnull(city, ''));
END;
CLOSE rc;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No customer found with ID ' + 10);
END
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION GetCustomerInfo(cust_id NUMBER)
RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR AS
CURSOR cur IS
SELECT *
FROM Customers
WHERE customer_id = cust_id;
BEGIN
OPEN cur;
RETURN cur;
END;
DECLARE
rc SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
rc := GetCustomerInfo(10);
LOOP
FETCH rc INTO custid, custname, city;
EXIT WHEN rc%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Customer ID: ' || custid || ', Name: ' || custname || ', City: ' || city);
END LOOP;
CLOSE rc;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No customer found with ID ' || 10);
END;
|
DECLARE
@empno FLOAT := 100;
BEGIN
SELECT ename
FROM emp
WHERE @empno = @empno;
IF @@fetch_status <> 0 BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END
END;
|
DECLARE
empno NUMBER := 100;
BEGIN
SELECT ename
FROM emp
WHERE empno = empno;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found.');
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE getCustomerOrders(@customer_id IN AS NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
DECLARE i CURSOR FOR SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id;
OPEN i;
FETCH i INTO;
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' + isnull(@i_order_id, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' + isnull(@i_order_date, ''));
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' + isnull(@i_total_amount, ''));
FETCH i INTO;
END;
CLOSE i;
DEALLOCATE i;
END;
|
CREATE PROCEDURE getCustomerOrders(customer_id IN NUMBER) AS
BEGIN
FOR i IN (SELECT order_id, order_date, total_amount FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id)
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ID: ' || i.order_id);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order Date: ' || i.order_date);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Amount: ' || i.total_amount);
END LOOP;
END;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('update_employee', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE update_employee;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE update_employee(
@p_employee_id IN AS NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
*** ee details
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET first_name = p_first_name,
salary = p_salary
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Ha... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error in updating employee: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
END;
END update_employee;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE update_employee(
p_employee_id IN NUMBER,
p_first_name IN VARCHAR2,
p_salary IN NUMBER
)
IS
-- Update the employee details
BEGIN
UPDATE employees
SET first_name = p_first_name,
salary = p_salary
WHERE employee_id = p_employee_id;
-- Commit the changes
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
-- Handle any errors
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error in updating employee: ' || SQLERRM);
END;
END update_employee;
|
DECLARE
@v_emp_id FLOAT;
v_emp_name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
*** nformation
SELECT @v_emp_id = emp_id, @v_emp_name = emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
*** exists
IF @v_emp_id IS NULL BEGIN
RAISERROR('-20001 Employee not found', 16, 1);
END
*** ame
UPDATE employees
SET emp_name = 'John Smith'
WHERE emp_id = @v_emp_id;
-- Co... ***
COMMIT;
*** nformation
RETURN v_emp_name;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_emp_id NUMBER;
v_emp_name VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
-- Select employee information
SELECT emp_id, emp_name
INTO v_emp_id, v_emp_name
FROM employees
WHERE emp_id = 10;
-- Check if employee exists
IF v_emp_id IS NULL THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'Employee not found');
END IF;
-- Update employee name
UPDATE employees
SET emp_name = 'John Smith'
WHERE emp_id = v_emp_id;
-- Commit changes
COMMIT;
-- Return employee information
RETURN v_emp_name;
END;
|
DECLARE
@v_empno FLOAT;
v_ename dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_job dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
v_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
*** nformation
SELECT @v_empno = empno, @v_ename = ename, @v_job = job, @v_sal = sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7839;
-- Up... ***
UPDATE emp
SET job = 'Manager'
WHERE empno = @v_empno;
-- In... ***
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, job, sal)
VALUES (8000, 'New Employee', 'Clerk', 10000);
-- De... ***
DELETE FROM emp
WHERE empno = 8000;
-- Ha... ***
BEGIN
*** -existent employee
UPDATE emp
SET job = 'Manager'
WHERE empno = 9999;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
-- Er... ***
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END
END;
END;
|
DECLARE
v_empno NUMBER;
v_ename VARCHAR2(20);
v_job VARCHAR2(20);
v_sal NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Select employee information
SELECT empno, ename, job, sal
INTO v_empno, v_ename, v_job, v_sal
FROM emp
WHERE empno = 7839;
-- Update employee job
UPDATE emp
SET job = 'Manager'
WHERE empno = v_empno;
-- Insert new employee
INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename, job, sal)
VALUES (8000, 'New Employee', 'Clerk', 10000);
-- Delete employee
DELETE FROM emp
WHERE empno = 8000;
-- Handle errors
BEGIN
-- Try to update non-existent employee
UPDATE emp
SET job = 'Manager'
WHERE empno = 9999;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
-- Error handling code
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee not found');
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
/* *** */
DECLARE
@employee_id INT;
last_name dbo.VARCHAR2(25);
BEGIN
/* *** variables */
SET @employee_id = 100;
SET @last_name = 'Smith';
/* *** oyee into the database */
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, last_name)
VALUES (@employee_id, last_name);
/* *** s to the database */
COMMIT;
/* *** message */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee added successfully.');
EXCEPTION
/* *** that may occur */
WHEN OTHERS THEN
/* *** message */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' + ISNULL(SQLERRM, ''));
/* *** ges to the database */
ROLLBACK;
END;
END;
|
BEGIN
/* Declare variables */
DECLARE
employee_id NUMBER(6);
last_name VARCHAR2(25);
BEGIN
/* Assign values to variables */
employee_id := 100;
last_name := 'Smith';
/* Insert a new employee into the database */
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, last_name)
VALUES (employee_id, last_name);
/* Commit the changes to the database */
COMMIT;
/* Display a success message */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee added successfully.');
EXCEPTION
/* Handle any errors that may occur */
WHEN OTHERS THEN
/* Display an error message */
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An error occurred: ' || SQLERRM);
/* Rollback any changes to the database */
ROLLBACK;
END;
END;
|
CREATE FUNCTION GetLatestCustomerOrder(@customer_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
l_order_id dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT @l_order_id = order_id
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id
AND order_date = (SELECT MAX(order_date) FROM orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id);
IF l_order_id IS NULL BEGIN
RETURN 'No orders found';
END
ELSE BEGIN
RETURN l_order_id;
END
END GetLatestCustomerOrder;
|
CREATE FUNCTION GetLatestCustomerOrder(customer_id IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2 IS
l_order_id VARCHAR2(20);
BEGIN
SELECT order_id INTO l_order_id
FROM orders
WHERE customer_id = customer_id
AND order_date = (SELECT MAX(order_date) FROM orders WHERE customer_id = customer_id);
IF l_order_id IS NULL THEN
RETURN 'No orders found';
ELSE
RETURN l_order_id;
END IF;
END GetLatestCustomerOrder;
|
*** to calculate the factorial of a number
IF OBJECT_ID('factorial', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION factorial;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION factorial(@x FLOAT) RETURNS FLOAT AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @result FLOAT;
IF @x = 0 BEGIN
RETURN 1;
END
ELSE BEGIN
SET @result = 1;
DECLARE @i INT = 1 ;
WHILE @i <= @x BEGIN
SET @result = @result * i;
END;
RETURN @result;
END
RETURN NULL;
END;
*** e to insert a record into a table
IF OBJECT_ID('insert_record', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE insert_record;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE insert_record(@name VARCHAR(4000), @age FLOAT) AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
INSERT INTO employees(name, age) VALUES (@name, @age);
COMMIT;
END;
*** o fetch records from a table
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT * FROM employees;
*** to store the cursor values
name dbo.VARCHAR2(20);
age NUMBER;
-- Op... ***
OPEN c1;
*** ecord
FETCH c1 INTO @name, @age;
-- Cl... ***
CLOSE c1;
|
-- Create a function to calculate the factorial of a number
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION factorial(x NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
result NUMBER;
BEGIN
IF x = 0 THEN
RETURN 1;
ELSE
result := 1;
FOR i IN 1 .. x LOOP
result := result * i;
END LOOP;
RETURN result;
END IF;
END;
-- Create a procedure to insert a record into a table
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE insert_record(name VARCHAR2, age NUMBER) IS
BEGIN
INSERT INTO employees(name, age) VALUES (name, age);
COMMIT;
END;
-- Create a cursor to fetch records from a table
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT * FROM employees;
-- Declare variables to store the cursor values
name VARCHAR2(20);
age NUMBER;
-- Open the cursor
OPEN c1;
-- Fetch the first record
FETCH c1 INTO name, age;
-- Close the cursor
CLOSE c1;
|
IF OBJECT_ID('get_employee_salary', 'FN') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION get_employee_salary;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE ) RETURN
BEGIN NUMBER
RETURN NULL;
END; IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT @salary = salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
IF @@FETCH_STATUS <> 0 BEGIN
RETURN NULL;
END
END;
/
DECLARE
@employee_id FLOAT := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SET @salary = dbo.get_employee_salary(@employee_id);
IF salary IS NULL BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' + isnull(@employee_id, ''));
END
ELSE BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' + isnull(salary, ''));
END
END;
/ | CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION get_employee_salary(emp_id IN NUMBER) RETURN NUMBER IS
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT salary INTO salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = emp_id;
RETURN salary;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
/
DECLARE
employee_id NUMBER := 100;
salary NUMBER;
BEGIN
salary := get_employee_salary(employee_id);
IF salary IS NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No employee found with ID ' || employee_id);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee salary: ' || salary);
END IF;
END;
/ |
IF OBJECT_ID('employee_summary', 'P') IS NOT NULL
DROP PROCEDURE employee_summary;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE employee_summary
(@month_num IN AS NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id,
name,
email,
salary
FROM employee
WHERE month_num = (SELECT CAST(TO_CHAR(GETDATE(), 'MM') AS FLOAT));
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_manager_name(@emp_id IN NUMBERDECLARE )
RETURN
BEGIN VARCHAR2
RETURN NULL;
END;
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT name FROM employee WHERE emp_id = dbo.get_manager(emp_id));
END;
CREATE TABLE orders
(order_id FLOAT PRIMARY KEY,
customer_id FLOAT,
product_id FLOAT,
ordered_date DATE,
shipped_date DATE);
CREATE INDEX orders_idx1 ON orders(customer_id, product_id);
DECLARE
@order_id FLOAT;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO orders( customer_id, product_id, ordered_date, shipped_date)
VALUES ( 100, 200, GETDATE(), GETDATE() + 7);
SET @order_id = order_id_seq.CURRVAL;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ' + isnull(@order_id, '') + ' inserted successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Order already exists.');
END;
|
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE employee_summary
(month_num IN NUMBER)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT emp_id,
name,
email,
salary
FROM employee
WHERE month_num = (SELECT TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'MM')) FROM DUAL);
END;
CREATE FUNCTION get_manager_name(emp_id IN NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT name FROM employee WHERE emp_id = get_manager(emp_id));
END;
CREATE TABLE orders
(order_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
customer_id NUMBER,
product_id NUMBER,
ordered_date DATE,
shipped_date DATE);
CREATE INDEX orders_idx1 ON orders(customer_id, product_id);
DECLARE
order_id NUMBER;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO orders(order_id, customer_id, product_id, ordered_date, shipped_date)
VALUES (order_id_seq.NEXTVAL, 100, 200, SYSDATE, SYSDATE + 7);
order_id := order_id_seq.CURRVAL;
COMMIT;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Order ' || order_id || ' inserted successfully.');
EXCEPTION
WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Order already exists.');
END;
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Subsets and Splits