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United Nations Development Programme 20

END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE 22 Poverty can be understood as a phenomenon that goes beyond monetary insu!ciency. A multidimensional conception of poverty takes into consideration minimum consumption of essential basic goods and services “as part of the set of opportunities that any society should o"er its members”. This set includes access to basic levels of education, health, housing and other services (Gasparini, 2012). In addition, the services that transform cities into opportunities and innovation hubs -such as sustainable mobility, formalization of employment and access to digital services, among others- require a comprehensive approach to ensure the sustainable development of the most vulnerable communities. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 exposed the inequality gaps that still persist in our cities, and the need to continue the processes of social and urban integration of low-income neighborhoods. In Buenos Aires City, 97.29% of households have access to basic services (INDEC, 2010), including waste collection and public transportation services, phone service, the presence of storm drains or sewers, pavement, public lighting, electricity supply, access to clean fuel for cooking and water supply. Nevertheless, as mentioned above, a sustainable approach to these issues requires going beyond infrastructural solutions and including a holistic perspective that cuts across the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and involves the active participation of residents of low-income neighborhoods. There are 57 low-income neighborhoods in the city, home to 73,673 families. PRIORITIZED TARGETS 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance 23 The integration of the Barrio 31 neighborhood and the promotion of equal opportunities Integration within Buenos Aires City implies: the improvement and construction of housing and infrastructure, the economic development of the neighborhoods, the promotion of employment, the relocation and construction of educational and health centers, the enhancement and construction of public spaces, and the development of infrastructure for mobility and connection with the rest of the city. In the last five years, the Buenos Aires City Government has transformed Barrio 31 through the construction and improvement of housing, the creation of parks and squares, the provision of public transportation (with three bus lines), the construction and operation of three new health centers and two educational centers, and the construction of the new Ministry of Education in the neighborhood. Thus, more than 1,000 families were relocated to new homes and the City Government began the process of regularization of their property titles deeds as well as the connection to basic services: water, gas and electricit LINKING CITIES 2021 In May 2021, UNESCO awarded Buenos Aires City for its urbanization and integration process in the Barrio 31 neighborhood, with the Linking Cities 2021 recognition. The results of the project include more than 1,000 new homes and the improvement of existing homes, the construction of more than 17,000 linear meters of infrastructure and new public spaces, schools and health centers. In addition, 970 families living under the Illia Highway were relocated to new housing, and, once the resettlement process has finished, this area under the highway will be transformed into a new public space that will connect all sectors of the neighborhood. The project also includes the promotion of the neighborhood economy and support for entrepreneurs. 24 • 12.000 families with new or improved housing (2023) Integration policies in the face of COVID-19 One of the great challenges at the beginning of the pandemic to combat the virus in low-income neighborhoods was to immediately deploy new strategies to deal with the emergency. To this end, the Buenos Aires City Government acted jointly with the social organizations of each neighborhood and the National Ministry of Health. Part of this work was possible thanks to the progress made by the local government in infrastructure in previous years, for instance: the opening of streets in low-income neighborhoods to allow emergency services to have access to them, and the construction of health centers. • 180.000 people with urban infrastructure and public services (2023) The first Operation DetectAr in the country was launched in the Barrio 31 neighborhood for the screening, testing and isolation of positive cases. In less than a month, the infection curve was reversed. Then, the operation was extended to other 28 points of the City, including the neighborhoods 1.11.14, 21.24, 15, 20, Rodrigo Bueno and Carrillo. In the same way, an operation was launched to accompany the homeless population: Buenos Aires Presente (“Buenos Aires is present”), a program that seeks to assist people and families in a condition of social risk. This involves people with violated rights and, in general, the homeless population in need of guidance, information and advice on social services. Within this framework, the City opened Social Inclusion Centers, where people in vulnerable situations could spend the isolation period. Educational and economic development promotion policies The fundamental tool to achieve inclusion throughout Buenos Aires City is education. According to the United Nations, the closure of schools due to the health crisis a"ected 1.6 billion students, of which 24 million could drop out of school (UN, 2020). In this regard, Buenos Aires is strongly committed to continuing face-to-face classes in the 2021 school year and to leave no student behind. Regarding class attendance and policies to reverse the increase in dropouts, the City identified 6,500 primary school children who dropped out of school and 9,000 secondary school children who did not achieve the expected learning. In this sense, the education strategy has a double objective: on the one hand, to ensure students’ access and attendance to school and, on the other hand, to guarantee quality learning that will provide them with long-term tools. ESCUELA ABIERTA (OPEN SCHOOL) It is a meeting place for children, families and the school community that seeks to strengthen school trajectories in order to contribute to the development of learning and cultivate citizenship values through cultural, artistic, sports and recreational activities. It is aimed at children from kindergarten, primary and secondary school, taking into account the curricular designs in force for each level. 25 Finally, another essential component for achieving sustainable social and urban integration is economic development. The head of government pledged to promote labor formalization and to support entrepreneurs as a key strategy for integrating the economy and the growth of low-income neighborhoods with the rest of the city. • 75.000 workers in the people-based economy with access to financing, training and formalization (2023) In 2020, the Buenos Aires legislature passed the Law for the Promotion of the Social and People￾based Economy, which allows strengthening and encouraging the productive value of workers in low￾income neighborhoods. The regulation implies a progress towards the expansion of the network of formal businesses and the creation of formal production spaces, with the necessary qualifications for the safety of workers, and towards the economic development of all citizens, regardless of their neighborhood of residence. The law includes a system for access to credit, participation in public procurement and certain tax benefits, impacting 500,000 people who used to work in the informal sector. FOOD COURTYARD IN THE RODRIGO BUENO NEIGHBORHOOD The social and urban integration of neighborhoods implies the analysis of their economic potential and productive identity. The Food Courtyard in the Rodrigo Bueno Neighborhood, which is part of the tourism strategy “BA Capital Gastronómica” (“BA Gastronomic Capital”), seeks to welcome citizens and visitors to the City and promote the main activity of the neighborhood’s residents. The containers, transformed into food and beverage stalls, are served by both neighborhood residents and private stakeholders who decided to invest in the new space. 26 Another initiative under the umbrella of promoting entrepreneurship and vocational training is the Center for Entrepreneurial and Labor Development of Barrio 31 (CeDEL, for its initials in Spanish): a space that centralizes economic integration policies and has classrooms, o!ces and a help desk, so that neighbors can approach and receive advice, learn about formal job o"ers, take employment guidance workshops and entrepreneurship training. In this way, the aim is to help them strengthen their business model. CeDEL is a versatile social and economic integration initiative that can be replicated in other neighborhoods and contexts, and aims to be a link between the community, job o"ers and the private sector. 27 CITY INDICATORS FOR MONITORING THE SDG TARGETS The following is a selection of the indicators defined for monitoring SDG 1. The complete list can be found in the Annex to this document. TARGET 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance

PONER FIN A LA POBREZA EN TODAS SUS FORMAS EN TODO EL MUNDO 22 La pobreza puede ser entendida como un fenómeno que va más allá de la insuficiencia monetaria. Una concepción multidimensional de la pobreza toma en consideración consumos mínimos de bienes y ser￾vicios básicos esenciales “como parte del conjunto de oportunidades que toda sociedad debe ofrecer a sus integrantes”. Este conjunto incluye acceso a niveles básicos de educación, salud, vivienda y otros servicios (Gasparini, 2012). Además, los servicios que transforman a las ciudades en centros de innovación y de oportunidades -como la movilidad sostenible, la formalización del empleo y el acceso a servicios digitales, entre otros- demandan un abordaje integral para asegurar el desarrollo sostenible de las comunidades más vulnerables. La pandemia originada por el COVID-19 expuso las brechas de desigualdad que aún persisten en nuestras ciudades, y la necesidad de continuar los procesos de integración social y urbana de los barrios popu￾lares. En la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, el 97.29% de los hogares tiene acceso a servicios básicos (INDEC, 2010), entre los que se incluyen los servicios de recolección de residuos y de transporte público, telefo￾nía, la presencia de bocas de tormenta o alcantarillas, de pavimento, alumbrado público, la tenencia de electricidad por red, el acceso a combustibles limpios para cocción y la provisión y procedencia del agua. Sin embargo, y como se mencionó, el abordaje sostenible a estas cuestiones requiere ir más allá de las soluciones infraestructurales e incluir una perspectiva holística que transversaliza la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, y que implica la participación activa de vecinos y vecinas de los barrios populares. En la Ciudad los barrios populares albergan a 73.673 familias. METAS PRIORIZADAS 1.4 Para 2030, garantizar que todos los hombres y mujeres, en particular los pobres y los más vulnerables, tengan los mismos derechos a los recursos económicos, así como acceso a los servicios básicos, la propiedad y el control de las tierras y otros bienes, la herencia, los recursos naturales, las nuevas tecnologías y los servicios económicos, in￾cluida la microfinanciación. 23 La integración del Barrio 31 y promoción de igualdad de oportunidades Integrar en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires implica: la mejora y construcción de viviendas e infraestructura, el desarrollo económico de los barrios, la promoción del empleo, la reubicación y construcción de centros educativos y de salud, la puesta en valor y construcción de espacios públicos, y el desarrollo de infraes￾tructura para la movilidad y conexión con el resto de la ciudad. En los últimos cinco años, el Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires transformó el Barrio 31 a partir de la construcción y mejora de viviendas; creación de parques y plazas; habilitación para el ingreso del trans￾porte público -con tres líneas de colectivos-; construcción, puesta en funcionamiento de tres nuevos centros de salud y dos polos educativos; por último, la construcción del nuevo Ministerio de Educación en el barrio. Así, más de 1.000 familias se reubicaron en nuevas viviendas e iniciaron los procesos de regularización dominial para contar con su título de propiedad y conexión a servicios básicos: agua, gas y electricidad. LINKING CITIES 2021 En mayo de 2021, la UNESCO premió a la Ciudad de Buenos Aires por su proceso de urbanización e integración del Barrio 31, con el reconocimiento Linking Cities 2021. Los resultados del proyecto incluyen más de 1.000 viviendas nuevas y el mejoramiento de viviendas existentes, la construcción de más de 17.000 metros lineales de infraestructura y de nuevos espacios públicos, nuevas escuelas y centros de salud. Además, 970 familias que vivían debajo de la Autopista Illia se reubicaron en nuevas viviendas, que al finalizar el proceso de reasentamiento será un nuevo espacio público que conectará a todos los sectores del barrio. El proyecto, a su vez, contempla la promoción de la economía barrial y el acompañamiento a em￾prendedores y emprendedoras. 24 • 12.000 familias con vivienda nueva o mejorada (2023) Políticas de integración frente al COVID-19 Uno de los grandes desafíos al inicio de la pandemia para combatir el virus en los barrios populares, fue desplegar de manera inmediata nuevas estrategias abocadas a la emergencia. Para ello, el Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires actuó en conjunto con las organizaciones sociales de cada barrio y el Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Parte de este trabajo fue posible gracias a los avances que el gobierno local había realizado en infraes￾tructura años anteriores, por ejemplo: la apertura de calles en barrios populares para permitir el paso de servicios de emergencia y la construcción de centros de salud. • 180.000 personas con infraestructura urbana y servicios públicos (2023) En el Barrio 31 se puso en marcha el primer Operativo DetectAr del país para el rastreo, testeo y aisla￾miento de casos positivos. En menos de un mes se logró revertir la curva de contagios. Luego, se exten￾dió el operativo a otros 28 puntos de la Ciudad, incluyendo los barrios 1.11.14, 21.24, 15, 20, Rodrigo Bueno y Carrillo. De la misma manera, se puso en marcha un operativo para acompañar a personas en situación de calle: Buenos Aires Presente, un programa que busca atender a personas y familias en condición de riesgo social. Esto implica personas con derechos vulnerados y, en general, a población en situación de calle con necesidad de orientación, información y asesoramiento sobre servicios sociales. En este marco, la Ciudad puso a disposición Centros de Inclusión Social para que las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad pu￾dieran pasar el período de aislamiento. Políticas educativas y de promoción del desarrollo económico La herramienta fundamental para lograr la inclusión en toda la Ciudad de Buenos Aires es la educación. Según las Naciones Unidas, el cierre de escuelas por la crisis sanitaria afectó a 1.600 millones de estudian￾tes, de los cuales 24 millones podrían abandonar las aulas (ONU, 2020). En este sentido, Buenos Aires está fuertemente comprometida en continuar con las clases presenciales en el ciclo lectivo 2021 y en no dejar a ningún estudiante atrás. Con respecto a la asistencia a clases y a las políticas para revertir el aumento del abandono de estas, la Ciudad identificó a 6.500 chicos de primaria que dejaron sus estudios y a 9.000 del nivel secundario que no alcanzaron los aprendizajes esperados. En este sentido, la estrategia frente a la educación tiene un doble objetivo: asegurar el acceso y asistencia de los estudiantes a la escuela por un lado y, por el otro, garantizar un aprendizaje de calidad que le brinde herramientas a largo plazo. ESCUELA ABIERTA Es un espacio de encuentro entre chicos/as, familias y la comunidad de la escuela que busca forta￾lecer las trayectorias escolares para contribuir al desarrollo del aprendizaje y cultivar valores ciuda￾danos por medio de actividades culturales, artísticas, deportivas y recreativas. Está destinado a niños y niñas de nivel inicial, primario y jóvenes del nivel secundario, teniendo en cuenta los diseños curriculares vigentes para cada nivel. 25 Por último, otro de los componentes esenciales para lograr una integración social y urbana sostenible, es el desarrollo económico. El jefe de gobierno se comprometió a impulsar la formalización laboral y a acompañar a emprendedores y emprendedoras, como estrategia clave para integrar la economía y el crecimiento de los barrios populares al resto de la ciudad. • 75.000 trabajadores de la economía popular con acceso a financiamiento, capacitación y formalización (2023) En 2020, la legislatura porteña sancionó la Ley de Impulso a la Economía Social y Popular que permite potenciar e incentivar el valor productivo de las trabajadoras y trabajadores de los barrios populares. La normativa es un avance hacia la ampliación de la red de comercios formales y la creación de espacios de producción formales, con las habilitaciones necesarias para la seguridad de los trabajadores y traba￾jadoras, y hacia el desarrollo económico de todos los vecinos y vecinas, independientemente del barrio de residencia. La ley supone un sistema de acceso a créditos, la participación en compras públicas y ciertos beneficios impositivos, impactando en 500.000 personas que trabajaban en la informalidad. PATIO GASTRONÓMICO EN EL BARRIO RODRIGO BUENO La integración social y urbana de los barrios implica el análisis de su potencial económico e identi￾dad productiva. El Patio Gastronómico del Barrio Rodrigo Bueno, que se enmarca en la estrategia turística de BA Capital Gastronómica, busca recibir vecinos, vecinas y visitantes de la Ciudad y promover la princi￾pal actividad de los residentes del barrio. Los contenedores, transformados en puestos de comida y bebida, son atendidos tanto por habitantes del barrio, como por inversores privados que decidieron apostar por el nuevo espacio. 26 Otra de las iniciativas bajo el paraguas del fomento del emprendedurismo y la formación profesional, es el Centro de Desarrollo Emprendedor y Laboral del Barrio 31 (CeDEL): un espacio que centraliza las polí￾ticas de integración económica y que cuenta con aulas, oficinas y un espacio de atención al público, para que vecinos y vecinas puedan acercarse, recibir asesoramiento, conocer las ofertas de empleo formal, tomar talleres de orientación laboral y capacitaciones de emprendedurismo. De esta manera, se pretende colaborar para que fortalezcan su modelo de negocios. El CeDEL es una iniciativa de integración social y económica versátil, que puede ser replicada en otros barrios y contextos, y que apunta a ser un nexo entre la comunidad, las ofertas de empleo y el sector privado. 27 INDICADORES DE LA CIUDAD PARA EL MONITOREO DE LAS METAS ODS A continuación, se presenta una selección de los indicadores definidos para el monitoreo del ODS 1. El listado completo se encuentra en el Anexo del presente documento. META 1.4 Para 2030, garantizar que todos los hombres y mujeres, en particular los pobres y los más vulnerables, tengan los mismos derechos a los recursos económicos, así como acceso a los servicios básicos, la propiedad y el control de las tierras y otros bienes, la herencia, los recursos naturales, las nuevas tecnologías y los servicios económicos, incluida la microfinanciación.

End poverty in all its forms everywhere SDG 1 22 SDG 1 NO POVERTY PRIORITIZED TARGET 1.4 Access to basic services Access to basic services is understood as part of people’s right to satisfy their vital needs. In Buenos Aires City, 97.29% of households have access to basic services (INDEC, 2010), including waste collection and public transportation services, telephony, the presence of rainwater drains or sewers, pavement, public lighting, access to the electrical grid, to clean fuel for cooking and water supply. For more than a decade, Buenos Aires City Government has been working to achieve the social and urban integration of low-income neighborhoods based on a comprehensive perspective. 23 In this sense, the work approach was divided into three central areas: 1. Housing, 2. Urban and 3. Socioeconomic Integration. Housing Solutions and Improvements The frst area implies that each family lives in decent housing with access to all basic services. To this end, infrastructure and service works were carried out for all housing units. Within this framework, the City proposed to strengthen and deepen the integration process of the low-income districts. In the neighborhoods Barrio Mugica, Barrio 20, Rodrigo Bueno, Camino de Sirga, Ricciardelli, 21- 24 and Barrio 15, new houses were built, and existing ones were refurbished to provide families with a safe place to live. Thus, the commitment to bring urban infrastructure and public services to 80,000 inhabitants in low-income districts was fulflled. Subsequently, this commitment was extended to 180,000 residents, of whom we have already reached more than 131,400. To achieve this goal, we used a holistic approach of social, urban, and economic integration from within the neighborhood to the rest of the city. Thus, we sought to equalize rights and responsibilities with the inhabitants of the neighborhood and continued working to reach the goal of 180,000 integrated people. The process was participatory in nature, as it included meetings with the residents in which the design was agreed upon according to their needs. In line with the Housing Improvement Program, the sub-program Manos a la Obra (Let’s do it) was created to ensure that all dwellings are safe, accessible, SDG 1 NO POVERTY 24 and adequate. In these cases, residents carry out the improvement works with their own hands, while the government is responsible for monitoring the work and for the progressive material provision. Thanks to this urbanization and integration initiative that connects the joint work between the City and its inhabitants, Barrio Mugica was granted an award in Poland at the World Urban Forum for its innovative, inclusive and sustainable approach. All these works are essential for Barrio Mugica to have access to utilities so that its residents can have the same standard of service as any other citizen of Buenos Aires City, with the corresponding payment responsibilities that this entails. For its part, intervention for socio-urban integration in Barrio Rodrigo Bueno also achieved excellent results and improved the quality of life of the City’s residents. In this way, quality, comprehensive, affordable, and sustainable housing solutions were promoted, enhancing the productive activity of the neighborhood. Finally, in Barrio Fraga an urbanization process was carried out, with the construction of 678 new housing units distributed in 4 building blocks that are divided into condominiums. In addition, another 230 families in the neighborhood had their homes refurbished with new electricity, gas, and water supply connections. Other works included: 11 new streets, docks, public spaces refurbishment, LED lighting, construction of rainwater drains, sewers, ramps, signage, and 17,350 meters of laid infrastructure pipes. Today, 100% of the neighborhood has a formal address. Urban Transformation The second area involves connecting the neighborhoods to the rest of the City. In Barrio Mugica we reached 17 km of infrastructure, revamped 19 pre-existing public spaces, and created 15 new ones; public transportation started running again in the area and we installed many of the frst formal home connections for electricity and water supply. In addition, in the process of government decentralization, the Ministry of Education was relocated to Barrio Mugica, where the María Elena Walsh Education Center was built. Along the same line, the Ministry of Human Development and Habitat was established in Barrio 15, in the building known as “Elefante Blanco” (White Elephant), which was refurbished and revamped, since it had been abandoned in the 1920s. Likewise, a new waste collection and urban sanitation system is being implemented, while paving, sewage, rainwater, lighting, and electrical works are being carried out. SDG 1 NO POVERTY 25 SDG 1 NO POVERTY Social and Economic Development In accordance with the idea of bringing neighborhoods closer to the City, the third area consists of strengthening the productive activity in each neighborhood, respecting its identity, training its residents, and promoting work. Considering this context, the City promoted the Law for the Promotion of Social Economy and the Law for Productive Integration. Therefore, it seeks to promote local development, the creation and sustainability of self-managed jobs, and access to new markets for productive units. It also facilitates tools aimed at improving the production and commercialization of goods and services, with the purpose of reducing the economic and social gaps among citizens. In addition, to promote the economic inclusion of its inhabitants, in Barrio Rodrigo Bueno new ventures such as the “Patio Gastronómico” (Food Courtyard) and 57 new premises for local stores were opened, and the “Vivera Orgánica” (Organic Vegetable Garden) was encouraged. Finally, an Environmental Health Board was made based on the interest of the residents in order to promote, discuss and propose environmental initiatives. On the other hand, we promoted the Fair for Entrepreneurs in Barrio Fraga (Chacarita Fair) and created the Single Registry of Productive Units of the Popular and Social Economy (RUPEPyS, for its acronym in Spanish). Finally, in line with the educational and economic development promotion policies, courses and entrepreneurship training were delivered. In addition, educational practices were offered, in which at least 450 students undergo pedagogical experiences in areas related to their educational orientation or training path. In addition, with the Youth Employment Plan, 10,000 residents between WORK IS THE BEST SOCIAL POLICY At Buenos Aires City Government, we are convinced that work is the best social policy. This is why we are working to facilitate access to funding, training, and the formalization of 75,000 workers of the popular economy in the City. We also pledged that, by 2023 40 new companies will be established in Barrio Mugica to create new jobs and enhance the productive value and economic development of the neighborhood. We encourage this policy by granting several benefts and providing support from the City. Each new company that settles in the area implies that more people are working, consuming, and invigorating the economy of Barrio Mugica. 26 SDG 1 NO POVERTY 18 and 24 years of age will be inserted into the labor market, since this age group experiences the greatest diffculties in accessing a job. The aim is to provide more and better opportunities and reduce the unemployment rate. CENTER FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL AND LABOR DEVELOPMENT FOR BARRIO MUGICA (CEDEL, FOR ITS ACRONYM IN SPANISH) CeDEL is a public building in Barrio Mugica aimed at promoting the economic development of its residents. It offers trades training, personalized advice to entrepreneurs and a Job Bank that provides more opportunities for accessing a formally registered job, by means of a Labor Integration Program. • 3,588 people registered in the Job Bank • 296 residents obtained job interviews with companies • 1,712 hired people • 5,721 residents graduated from courses and 311 are undergoing training • 659 residents were assisted in their entrepreneurial path

Poner fin a la pobreza en todas sus formas en todo el mundo ODS 1 22 ODS 1: FIN DE LA POBREZA METAS PRIORIZADAS 1.4 Acceso a servicios básicos El acceso a los servicios básicos es entendido como parte del derecho de las personas de satisfacer sus necesidades vitales. En la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, el 97.29% de los hogares tiene acceso a servicios básicos (INDEC, 2010), entre los que se incluyen los servicios de recolección de residuos y de transporte público, telefonía, la presencia de bocas de tormenta o alcantarillas, de pavimento, alumbrado público, la tenencia de electricidad por red, el acceso a combustibles limpios para cocción y la provisión y procedencia del agua. Desde hace más de una década, en el Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires trabajamos para lograr la integración social y urbana de barrios populares desde una perspectiva integral. 23 En este sentido, el enfoque de trabajo hacia la integración urbana, económica y social se dividió en tres ejes centrales: 1. Habitacional, 2. Urbano y 3. Socioeconómico. Soluciones y mejoras habitacionales El primer eje implica que cada familia viva en una vivienda digna con acceso a todos los servicios básicos. Para ello se realizaron obras de infraestructura y de servicios para todas las viviendas. Dentro de este marco, la Ciudad se propuso fortalecer y ahondar en el proceso de integración de los barrios populares. En el Barrio Mugica, en el Barrio 20, en Rodrigo Bueno, en el Camino de Sirga, en el Barrio Ricciardelli, 21-24 y en el Barrio 15 se construyeron casas nuevas y se reacondicionaron las existentes para que las familias tengan un lugar seguro para vivir. Así, se cumplió con el compromiso de llevar infraestructura urbana y servicios públicos a 80.000 personas de barrios populares. Luego, se extendió este compromiso a 180.000 vecinos y vecinas, de los cuales ya alcanzamos a más de 131.400. Para alcanzar este logro utilizamos un enfoque holístico, de integración social, urbana y económica desde el barrio hacia el resto de la Ciudad. Así, se buscó igualar derechos y responsabilidades con los habitantes del barrio, y se continuó trabajando para alcanzar el objetivo de 180.000 personas integradas. El proceso fue de carácter participativo, ya que incluyó reuniones con los vecinos en las que se logró consensuar el diseño de acuerdo a sus necesidades. En línea con el Programa de Mejoramiento de Vivienda, para que todas ODS 1: FIN DE LA POBREZA 24 las viviendas sean seguras, accesibles y adecuadas, se creó el subplan Manos a la Obra. En estos casos, los vecinos y vecinas realizan las obras de mejoramiento con sus propias manos, mientras que el seguimiento de la obra y la provisión progresiva de materiales queda a cargo del gobierno. Gracias a esta iniciativa de urbanización e integración que vincula el trabajo en conjunto entre la Ciudad y sus habitantes, el Barrio Mugica fue premiado en Polonia durante el World Urban Forum por tomar un enfoque innovador, inclusivo y sustentable. Todas estas obras resultan fundamentales para que el Barrio Mugica tenga acceso a los servicios públicos y, así, sus vecinos y vecinas puedan contar con el mismo estándar de servicio que cualquier otro porteño, con las responsabilidades de pago que eso conlleva. Por su parte, la intervención para la integración socio-urbana en el Barrio Rodrigo Bueno, también alcanzó excelentes resultados y mejora en la calidad de vida los vecinos y vecinas de la Ciudad. De esta manera, se promovieron soluciones habitacionales de calidad, integrales, asequibles y sostenibles, potenciando la actividad productiva del barrio. Finalmente, en el Barrio Fraga, se llevó a cabo un proceso de urbanización, con la construcción de 678 viviendas nuevas distribuidas en 4 bloques de edifcios divididos en consorcios. Además, a otras 230 familias del barrio se les remodeló sus hogares con instalaciones nuevas de luz, gas y agua. Entre otras obras, en el barrio se realizaron 11 aperturas de calles, dársenas, renovación del espacio público, alumbrado LED, construcción de pluviales y bocas de tormenta, cloacas, rampas, señalética y se han tendido 17.350 metros de caños de infraestructura. Hoy, el 100% del barrio posee dirección formal. Transformación urbana El segundo eje involucra la conexión de los barrios con el resto de la Ciudad. En el Barrio Mugica alcanzamos los 17 km de infraestructura en todo el barrio, pusimos en valor 19 espacios públicos preexistentes y 15 fueron creados, volvió a circular el transporte público e instalamos muchas de las primeras conexiones domiciliarias formales de agua y de electricidad. Además, en el proceso de descentralización del gobierno, se trasladó el edifcio del Ministerio de Educación al Barrio Mugica, como también se construyó el Polo Educativo María Elena Walsh. En esta línea es que se instaló el Ministerio de Desarrollo Humano y Hábitat en el Barrio 15, en el edifcio conocido como “Elefante Blanco”, el cual fue reacondicionado y puesto en valor, debido a que el mismo se encontraba en situación de abandono desde los años 20´. Asimismo, se está implementando un nuevo sistema de recolección de ODS 1: FIN DE LA POBREZA 25 ODS 1: FIN DE LA POBREZA basura e higiene urbana, y realizando obras de pavimentación, cloacas, pluviales, iluminación e instalación eléctrica. Desarrollo social y económico Por último, y en concordancia con el acercamiento del barrio a la Ciudad, el tercer eje consiste en potenciar la actividad productiva de cada barrio, respetando su identidad, mediante la capacitación de vecinos y vecinas o la promoción del trabajo. Considerando este contexto, es que la Ciudad impulsó la Ley de Promoción a la Economía Social y la de Integración Productiva. De esta manera, se busca promover el desarrollo local, la generación y sostenibilidad de puestos de trabajo autogestivos y el acceso a nuevos mercados de las unidades productivas. Como también facilitar herramientas destinadas a mejorar la producción y comercialización de los bienes y servicios, con vistas a disminuir las brechas económicas y sociales entre las y los ciudadanos. Además, a fn de propiciar la inclusión económica de sus pobladores, en el Barrio Rodrigo Bueno, se iniciaron también nuevos emprendimientos como el Patio Gastronómico y 57 nuevos locales para comercios barriales, y se potenció la huerta “Vivera Orgánica”. Finalmente, fue conformada una Mesa de Salud Ambiental a partir del interés de los propios habitantes, para promover, discutir y proponer iniciativas ambientales. EL TRABAJO ES LA MEJOR POLÍTICA SOCIAL En el Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, estamos convencidos de que el trabajo es la mejor política social. Por eso, trabajamos para facilitar el acceso a fnanciamiento, capacitación y formalización para 75.000 trabajadores y trabajadoras de la economía popular en la Ciudad. Y, nos comprometimos a que, para 2023, 40 nuevas empresas se radiquen en el Barrio Mugica, con el objetivo de generar nuevas fuentes de empleo y potenciar el valor productivo y el desarrollo económico del barrio. Incentivamos esta política mediante el otorgamiento de diversos benefcios y el acompañamiento de la Ciudad. Cada nueva empresa que se radica en la zona signifca más personas trabajando, consumiendo y dinamizando la economía del Barrio Mugica. Por otro lado, impulsamos la Feria de Emprendedores en el Barrio Fraga (Feria Chacarita) y se creó el Registro Único de Unidades Productivas de la Economía Popular y Social (RUPEPyS). Finalmente, en línea con las políticas educativas y de promoción del desarrollo económico, se dictaron cursos y brindaron capacitaciones de emprendedurismo. Como también se ofrecieron prácticas educativas en 26 ODS 1: FIN DE LA POBREZA las que al menos 450 estudiantes desarrollan experiencias pedagógicas en ámbitos vinculados con la orientación o trayecto formativo que transitan. Además, con el Plan Empleo Jóven, 10.000 vecinos y vecinas de entre 18 y 24 años se insertarán en el mundo laboral a través de la contratación de este grupo que enfrenta las mayores difcultades para acceder a un trabajo. De esta manera, se busca brindar más y mejores oportunidades y disminuir la tasa de desempleo. CENTRO DE DESARROLLO EMPRENDEDOR Y LABORAL DEL BARRIO MUGICA (CEDEL) El CeDEL es un edifcio público dentro del Barrio Mugica destinado a potenciar el desarrollo económico de los vecinos. Allí se ofrecen capacitaciones en ofcios, asesoramiento personalizado a los emprendedores y hay una bolsa de empleo que, a través de un Programa de Integración Laboral, acerca más oportunidades de acceder a un trabajo en blanco. • 3588 personas se inscribieron en la Bolsa de Empleo, • 296 vecinos consiguieron entrevistas con empresas • 1712 fueron contratados. • 5721 vecinos se graduaron de cursos, y 311 se están capacitando • Acompañamos a 659 vecinos en su camino emprendedor.

15 With regard to this SDG in particular, it is understood within a framework of profound integrality with the rest of the Sustainable Development Goals oriented towards people. In this sense, the actions and strategies identified for the subsequent SDGs, i.e., SDGs 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10, are also understood as actions that directly contribute to the reduction of multidimensional poverty, understood not only in terms of the income that people receive, but also as the accumulation of various deprivations, which together or individually, prevent them from leading a full life. Thus, the actions listed under SDG 1 must necessarily be read as fundamental to address them, but they are complemented by the actions of SDGs 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10. Actions aimed at providing housing solutions With regard to the provincial programs developed to address multidimensional poverty, the housing dimension stands out, which involves increasing access to housing and promoting good housing for the citizens of the Province. Within this framework, the Ministry for the Promotion of Employment and Family Economy is the main governmental actor in charge of these objectives. In this sense, the housing strategy of the Province seeks to respond to the provisions of Article 58 of the Provincial Constitution of Córdoba, in reference to "Housing", which states that "all inhabitants have the right to enjoy decent housing, which, together with the related services and the land necessary for its setlement, has a fundamental social value". In this way, the single dwelling is immune to seizure, under the conditions established by law. To this end, the Government of the Province of Córdoba promotes the necessary conditions to make this right efective. To this end, it plans and implements the current housing policy, acts to coordinate with other jurisdictional levels and relevant social institutions specific actions to achieve this objective. It is important to note that the housing policy of the Province of Córdoba is governed by the following principles: 1. To use land rationally and preserve the quality of life, in accordance with the general interest and the cultural and regional paterns of the community. 2. To prevent speculation. 3. To assist families without resources in order to facilitate their access to home ownership. At the same time, the provincial housing policy seeks to provide a solution to what was detected in the statistical studies carried out by the Government of the Province with the 2008 Population Census, which shows that many families with structural housing problems, such as overcrowding, lack of access to housing, lack of urbanization, etc., are unable to reverse this situation by their own means. Among the main programs that respond to the housing policy of the Province of Córdoba are the following: Voluntary Local Review CÓRDOBA 2022 | Province of Córdoba | ARG. Transport benefits to provide equality of opportunities The Department of Transport of the Province of Córdoba seeks to develop transport policies that seek to respond to this multidimensional view of poverty. In this sense, two main strategies are developed: on the one hand, one oriented to the demand of transport, and on the other hand, one oriented to the supply of transport. With respect to the strategy focused on the demand that citizens make for transport services, the first step is to clearly identify the target population, i.e., which sectors require greater accessibility to public transport. Thus, one of the axes of this demand is aimed at strengthening access to transport for students in the Province of Córdoba. To this end, the Free Educational Ticket program is being implemented, seeking to ensure that the school population has the tools to participate in schools, and that transport is not a 16 DIGNIFIED LIFE PROGRAM This program provides families in Córdoba with a financial contribution to enable them to refurbish their homes and thus improve their quality of life. This initiative is from the Ministry of Employment Promotion and Family Economy and has 14,000 beneficiaries for the year 2021. OWNER PROGRAM Allocation of plots with infrastructure (water, energy, lighting and curbs and guters) to families residing in the province with demonstrable income and without title to plots or homes. This program is an initiative of the Ministry of Public Works in coordination with the Ministry of Employment Promotion and Family Economy, which implied the delivery of 1,400 lots by 2021. SEED HOUSING PROGRAM This program seeks to reduce the housing deficit in the vulnerable population and consists of the delivery of materials for the construction of housing modules. Each one has 36.2 square meters of covered surface area organized into a kitchen-dining room, bedroom, bathroom and a design that can be extended in the future. It is an initiative of the Ministry of Employment Promotion and Family Economy. In 2021, 1,056 kits of construction materials were delivered. It should be noted that at the beginning of 2022, the Province launched the 10,000 Homes program, an initiative that will provide housing solutions to families in Córdoba, through two zero-rate mortgage loans. The first line belongs to Seed Housing scheme (6,500 beneficiaries) and is intended for the construction of a single, permanent home. The second line (3,500 beneficiaries) is aimed at the purchase or construction of housing, financed by Córdoba Bank. YOUR HOUSE, YOUR TITLE DEED PROGRAM This initiative seeks to provide legal security of ownership of real estate to vulnerable groups who do not own another home and do not have the resources to pay for the process. In total, 6,076 deeds were processed through this initiative. BENEFITS ON UTILITY BILLS Reductions in electricity and water services and in the provincial property tax for the most vulnerable families in the province of Córdoba. The benefit is extended to pensioners' centers, neighborhood centers and non-profit organizations that work with socially vulnerable members of the community. It is an action of the Ministry of Social Development that will reach 260,000 beneficiaries by 2021. limitation for people to be able to study at any level: preschool, primary, secondary and university. In addition, other plans are implemented to respond to the demand of certain population groups that need this support, such as the Social Bus Tickets for Factory Workers, for people who - although they are employed - earn less than two minimum wages, in order to achieve a higher income for these workers through this transport benefit. Similarly, there is also Córdoba Social Ticket for people in precarious situations. In relation to the strategy focused on the supply of transport, where the approach is more global, fare compensations are carried out within the public transport of passengers that include both urban transport, which covers the city limits of a city, and interurban transport, which connects the municipalities of the Province. The objective of this second strategy seeks to atenuate the cost that the user has to confront of the total fare, reason why part of this cost is aforded by the governments in its three levels, national, provincial and municipal, who work in an articulated manner. In this way, by mitigating this cost, transport accessibility is extended to all citizens and productive mobility is also promoted. Finally, it is important to highlight the way in which these strategies are implemented. In the case of the demand-oriented strategy, the aim is to correctly identify the citizens who need these programs. For example, in relation to the Free Educational Ticket, we work together with the educational management systems of state-run and private schools, as well as with university systems. In addition, web-based student registration is implemented, which facilitates access and minimizes processing time. In relation to the implementation of the supply-side strategy, regulatory cost analyses are carried out, and the proportions of fees to be provided by the state are identified. The main programs that respond to the transport policy of the Province of Córdoba include the following: Voluntary Local Review CÓRDOBA 2022 | Province of Córdoba | ARG. Transport benefits to provide equality of opportunities The Department of Transport of the Province of Córdoba seeks to develop transport policies that seek to respond to this multidimensional view of poverty. In this sense, two main strategies are developed: on the one hand, one oriented to the demand of transport, and on the other hand, one oriented to the supply of transport. With respect to the strategy focused on the demand that citizens make for transport services, the first step is to clearly identify the target population, i.e., which sectors require greater accessibility to public transport. Thus, one of the axes of this demand is aimed at strengthening access to transport for students in the Province of Córdoba. To this end, the Free Educational Ticket program is being implemented, seeking to ensure that the school population has the tools to participate in schools, and that transport is not a limitation for people to be able to study at any level: preschool, primary, secondary and university. In addition, other plans are implemented to respond to the demand of certain population groups that need this support, such as the Social Bus Tickets for Factory Workers, for people who - although they are employed - earn less than two minimum wages, in order to achieve a higher income for these workers through this transport benefit. Similarly, there is also Córdoba Social Ticket for people in precarious situations. In relation to the strategy focused on the supply of transport, where the approach is more global, fare compensations are carried out within the public transport of passengers that include both urban transport, which covers the city limits of a city, and interurban transport, which connects the municipalities of the Province. The objective of this second strategy seeks to atenuate the cost that the user has to confront of the total fare, reason why part of this cost is aforded by the governments in its three levels, national, provincial and municipal, who work in an articulated manner. In this way, by mitigating this cost, transport accessibility is extended to all citizens and productive mobility is also promoted. Finally, it is important to highlight the way in which these strategies are implemented. In the case of the demand-oriented strategy, the aim is to correctly identify the citizens who need these programs. For example, in relation to the Free Educational Ticket, we work together with the educational management systems of state-run and private schools, as well as with university systems. In addition, web-based student registration is implemented, which facilitates access and minimizes processing time. In relation to the implementation of the supply-side strategy, regulatory cost analyses are carried out, and the proportions of fees to be provided by the state are identified. The main programs that respond to the transport policy of the Province of Córdoba include the following: 17 FREE EDUCATIONAL TICKETS Benefit intended for regular students, teachers and non-teaching staf of state-run educational institutions and private educational institutions with state contribution, from the initial level to higher education, including regular students of public universities located in the province. In total, this program will reach 125,505 beneficiaries by 2021. BUS TICKETS FOR THE ELDERLY A benefit designed for older adults, with which they have free access to urban and interurban public transport services. It covers men over 65 years of age and women over 60 years of age who are registered residents in the province. This initiative had 89,007 beneficiaries during the year 2021. SOCIAL BUS TICKETS Aimed at heads of household who are beneficiaries of the Social Card. It enables free urban trips per month, with free availability at any time and in any urban transport service company. The program benefited 16,371 heads of household in 2021. SOCIAL BUS TICKETS FOR FACTORY WORKERS Benefits workers in public or private employment who live in the province of Córdoba. This initiative reached 17,129 beneficiaries in 2021. Voluntary Local Review CÓRDOBA 2022 | Province of Córdoba | ARG.

Informe Voluntario Local CÓRDOBA 2022 | Provincia de Córdoba | ARG. 15 Respecto a este ODS en particular, se entiende al mismo en un marco de integralidad profunda con el resto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible orientados a las personas. En ese sentido, las acciones y estrategias identificadas para los ODS consiguientes, es decir para los ODS 2, 3, 4, 5 y 10 también se entienden como acciones que aportan de manera directa a la reducción de una pobreza multidimensional, comprendida no sólo en términos de los ingresos que perciben las personas, sino asimismo como la acumulación de diversas carencias, que en su conjunto o de manera individual, impiden a las mismas el desarrollo de una vida plena. Así, debe leerse las acciones listadas bajo este ODS 1 necesariamente como fundamentales para su abordaje, pero que se completan con las aquellas acciones propias de los ODS 2, 3, 4, 5 y 10. Acciones orientadas a dar soluciones habitacionales Respecto a los programas provinciales desarrollados para dar respuesta a la pobreza que se comprende multidimensional, se destaca la dimensión habitacional, la cual implica profundizar el acceso a la vivienda y promover el buen habitar de las y los ciudadanos de la Provincia. En este marco, el Ministerio de Promoción del Empleo y de la Economía Familiar es el principal actor gubernamental encargado de estos objetivos. En ese sentido, la estrategia habitacional de la Provincia busca dar respuesta a lo establecido en la Constitución Provincial de Córdoba en su art 58, en referencia a “La Vivienda”, el cual sostiene que “todos los habitantes tienen derecho a disfrutar de una vivienda digna, la que, junto a los servicios con ella conexos y la tierra necesaria para su asentamiento, tiene un valor social fundamental”. De esa manera, la vivienda única es inembargable, en las condiciones que fija la ley. Para ello, el Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba promueve las condiciones necesarias para hacer efectivo este derecho. A tal fin, planifica y ejecuta la política de vivienda actual, actúa para concertar junto a los demás niveles jurisdiccionales e instituciones sociales pertinentes acciones específicas para alcanzar este objetivo. Es importante remarcar que la política habitacional de la Provincia de Córdoba se rige bajo los siguientes principios: 1. Usar racionalmente el suelo y preservar la calidad de vida, de acuerdo con el interés general y las pautas culturales y regionales de la comunidad. 2. Impedir la especulación. 3. Asistir a las familias sin recursos para facilitar su acceso a la vivienda propia. Al mismo tiempo, la política habitacional provincial busca dar solución a lo detectado en los estudios estadísticos realizados por el Gobierno de la Provincia con la realización del Censo Poblacional del año 2008, donde se muestra que numerosas familias con problemas estructurales de vivienda, tales como situaciones de hacinamiento, el no acceso a la vivienda propia, la falta de urbanización etc, sin posibilidades de revertir dicha situación por sus propios medios. Entre los principales programas que dan respuesta a la política habitacional de la Provincia de Córdoba encontramos los siguientes: Beneficios de transporte para igualar oportunidades Desde la Secretaría de Transporte de la Provincia de Córdoba se busca desarrollar políticas de transporte que busquen dar respuesta a esta mirada multidimensional que se tiene de la pobreza. En ese sentido, se desarrollan dos estrategias principales: por un lado, aquella orientada a la demanda de transporte, y por otro lado, aquella orientada a la oferta de transporte. Respecto a la estrategia enfocada en la demanda que la ciudadanía hace de los servicios de transporte, como primera instancia se identifica claramente a la población objetivo, es decir, cuáles son los sectores que requieren mayor accesibilidad al transporte público. Así, uno de los ejes de esta demanda se orienta a fortalecer el acceso al transporte de los estudiantes de la Provincia de Córdoba. Para ello, se lleva a cabo el programa Boleto Educativo Gratuito, buscando lograr que la población escolar cuente con las herramientas Informe Voluntario Local CÓRDOBA 2022 | Provincia de Córdoba | ARG. 16 MÁS VIDA DIGNA Brinda a las familias cordobesas un aporte económico para que cuenten con la posibilidad de refaccionar su hogar y así mejorar su calidad de vida. Esta iniciativa es del Ministerio de Promoción del Empleo y Economía Familiar y contó con 14.000 beneficiarios para el año 2021. LO TENGO Adjudicación de lotes con infraestructura (agua, energía, alumbrado y cordón cuneta) a familias residentes de la Provincia con ingresos demostrables y sin títulos de lotes o viviendas. Este programa es una iniciativa del Ministerio de Obras Públicas en articulación con el Ministerio de Promoción del Empleo y Economía Familiar, el cual implicó para el año 2021, la entrega de 1.400 lotes. VIVIENDA SEMILLA Busca reducir el déficit habitacional en la población vulnerable y consiste en la entrega de materiales para la edificación de módulos habitacionales. Cada uno cuenta con 36,2 metros cuadrados de superficie cubierta organizados en cocina-comedor, dormitorio, baño y un diseño para poder ser ampliado en el futuro. Es una iniciativa del Ministerio de Promoción del Empleo y Economía Familiar. En el año 2021 se entregaron 1.056 kits de materiales de construcción. Se destaca que a comienzos del año 2022 la Provincia lanzó el programa 10 mil Viviendas, una iniciativa que brindará soluciones habitacionales a familias cordobesas, a través de dos créditos hipotecarios a tasa cero. La primera línea pertenece a Vivienda Semilla (6.500 oportunidades) y está destinada a la construcción de una vivienda única y permanente. La segunda línea (3.500 oportunidades) está dirigida a la compra o construcción de viviendas, financiada por el Banco de Córdoba. TU CASA TU ESCRITURA Procura brindar seguridad jurídica en la propiedad de inmuebles a grupos vulnerables que no posean otra vivienda y que no cuenten con los recursos para afrontar los gastos del proceso. En total, mediante esta iniciativa, se gestionaron 6.076 escrituras. TARIFA SOLIDARIA Bonificaciones en los servicios de luz y agua y en el Impuesto Inmobiliario provincial destinado a las familias con mayor estado de vulnerabilidad de la provincia de Córdoba. El beneficio se extiende a centros de jubilados, centros vecinales y entidades sin fines de lucro que trabajan con personas de la comunidad en situación de vulnerabilidad social. Es una acción del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social que alcanzó a 260.000 beneficiarios en el año 2021. para participar de las escuelas, y que el transporte no sea una limitación para que las personas puedan estudiar en cualquiera de los niveles, inicial, primario, secundario y universitario. Además, se implementan otros planes centrados en dar respuesta a la demanda de ciertos grupos poblacionales que necesitan de este apoyo, tales como el Boleto Obrero Social, para personas que -si bien disponen de empleo- su salario es menor a los dos salarios mínimos, para así lograr a través de este beneficio de transporte un mayor ingreso por parte de estos trabajadores. De igual manera, también se encuentra el Boleto Social Cordobés destinado a personas en situación de precariedad. En relación a la estrategia enfocada a la oferta de transporte, donde el abordaje es más global, se llevan a cabo compensaciones tarifarias dentro del transporte público de pasajeros que incluyen tanto a los urbanos, que recorren el ejido de una ciudad, e interurbanos, que conectan los municipios de la Provincia. El objetivo de esta segunda estrategia busca atenuar el costo que tiene que afrontar el usuario del pasaje total, por lo que parte de dicho costo es solventado por los gobiernos en sus tres niveles, nacional, provincial y municipal, quienes trabajan articuladamente. De esa manera, al atenuarse ese costo, permite que se amplíe la accesibilidad del transporte a toda la ciudadanía y se fomenta de igual modo la movilidad productiva. Finalmente, es importante remarcar la manera en cómo se implementan estas estrategias. En el caso de aquella orientada a la demanda, se busca hacer una correcta identificación de los ciudadanos que necesitan de estos programas. Por ejemplo, en relación con el Boleto Educativo Gratuito se trabaja en conjunto con los sistemas de gestión educativos de escuelas públicas y privadas, así como con los sistemas de las universidades. Además, se implementa la inscripción web de los alumnos, lo cual facilita el acceso y minimiza el tiempo del trámite. En relación a la implementación de la estrategia hacia la oferta, se llevan a cabo análisis regulatorios de costos, y se identifican las proporciones de las tarifas que deben ser aportadas por el estado. Destacando los principales programas que dan respuesta a la política de transporte de la Provincia de Córdoba encontramos los siguientes: Beneficios de transporte para igualar oportunidades Desde la Secretaría de Transporte de la Provincia de Córdoba se busca desarrollar políticas de transporte que busquen dar respuesta a esta mirada multidimensional que se tiene de la pobreza. En ese sentido, se desarrollan dos estrategias principales: por un lado, aquella orientada a la demanda de transporte, y por otro lado, aquella orientada a la oferta de transporte. Respecto a la estrategia enfocada en la demanda que la ciudadanía hace de los servicios de transporte, como primera instancia se identifica claramente a la población objetivo, es decir, cuáles son los sectores que requieren mayor accesibilidad al transporte público. Así, uno de los ejes de esta demanda se orienta a fortalecer el acceso al transporte de los estudiantes de la Provincia de Córdoba. Para ello, se lleva a cabo el programa Boleto Educativo Gratuito, buscando lograr que la población escolar cuente con las herramientas para participar de las escuelas, y que el transporte no sea una limitación para que las personas puedan estudiar en cualquiera de los niveles, inicial, primario, secundario y universitario. Además, se implementan otros planes centrados en dar respuesta a la demanda de ciertos grupos poblacionales que necesitan de este apoyo, tales como el Boleto Obrero Social, para personas que -si bien disponen de empleo- su salario es menor a los dos salarios mínimos, para así lograr a través de este beneficio de transporte un mayor ingreso por parte de estos trabajadores. De igual manera, también se encuentra el Boleto Social Cordobés destinado a personas en situación de precariedad. En relación a la estrategia enfocada a la oferta de transporte, donde el abordaje es más global, se llevan a cabo compensaciones tarifarias dentro del transporte público de pasajeros que incluyen tanto a los urbanos, que recorren el ejido de una ciudad, e interurbanos, que conectan los municipios de la Provincia. El objetivo de esta segunda estrategia busca atenuar el costo que tiene que afrontar el usuario del pasaje total, por lo que parte de dicho costo es solventado por los gobiernos en sus tres niveles, nacional, provincial y municipal, quienes trabajan articuladamente. De esa manera, al atenuarse ese costo, permite que se amplíe la accesibilidad del transporte a toda la ciudadanía y se fomenta de igual modo la movilidad productiva. Finalmente, es importante remarcar la manera en cómo se implementan estas estrategias. En el caso de aquella orientada a la demanda, se busca hacer una correcta identificación de los ciudadanos que necesitan de estos programas. Por ejemplo, en relación con el Boleto Educativo Gratuito se trabaja en conjunto con los sistemas de gestión educativos de escuelas públicas y privadas, así como con los sistemas de las universidades. Además, se implementa la inscripción web de los alumnos, lo cual facilita el acceso y minimiza el tiempo del trámite. En relación a la implementación de la estrategia hacia la oferta, se llevan a cabo análisis regulatorios de costos, y se identifican las proporciones de las tarifas que deben ser aportadas por el estado. Destacando los principales programas que dan respuesta a la política de transporte de la Provincia de Córdoba encontramos los siguientes: Informe Voluntario Local CÓRDOBA 2022 | Provincia de Córdoba | ARG. 17 BOLETO EDUCATIVO GRATUITO (BEG) Beneficio destinado a estudiantes regulares, docentes con tareas frente al aula y personal no docente de instituciones educativas públicas de gestión estatal y de gestión privada con aporte estatal, desde el nivel inicial hasta el superior, incluyendo a los estudiantes regulares de las universidades públicas radicadas en la provincia. En total, este programa llegó a 125.505 beneficiarios en el año 2021. BOLETO ADULTO MAYOR (BAM) Beneficio pensado para los adultos mayores, con el cual acceden de forma gratuita a los servicios de transporte público de pasajeros urbanos e interurbanos. Abarca a hombres mayores de 65 años y mujeres mayores de 60 que registren domicilio en la provincia. Esta iniciativa contó con 89.007 beneficiarios durante el año 2021. BOLETO SOCIAL CORDOBÉS (BSC) Dirigido a jefes de familia del padrón de beneficiarios de la Tarjeta Social. Posibilita viajes urbanos gratis por mes, con libre disponibilidad horaria y en cualquier empresa del servicio de transporte urbano. El programa benefició a 16.371 jefes de familia en 2021. BOLETO OBRERO SOCIAL (BOS) Beneficia a trabajadores en relación de dependencia en el ámbito público o privado, que residan en la provincia de Córdoba. Esta iniciativa alcanzó a 17.129 beneficiarios en 2021.

9 4. PROGRESO DE LOS OBJETIVOS 1. FIN DE LA POBREZA Implementación del ODS. A continuación detallaremos las metas internacionales priorizadas por el municipio, indicando también los programas locales que contribuyen al cumplimiento de dichas metas: 1.2. Para 2030, reducir al menos a la mitad la proporción de hombres, muje￾res y niños y niñas de todas las edades que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las definiciones nacionales. PROGRAMA DE REACTIVACIÓN SOCIO PRODUCTIVA Este programa busca mejorar las condiciones de vida de los grupos familia￾res del distrito a través de la asistencia técnica, la capacitación y el apoyo con herramientas o maquinarias. El mismo está destinado a proyectos productivos que se encuentren en funcionamiento y que hayan sido afectados por las complicaciones económicas devenidas por la pandemia y requieran de un impulso para la reactivación. Durante el 2021 se asistieron 340 unidades productivas. 1.3. Poner en práctica a nivel nacional sistemas y medidas apropiadas de protección social para todos y, para 2030, lograr una amplia cobertura de los pobres y los más vulnerables. DISPOSITIVO MÓVIL A TU PUERTA Este programa, acompaña a vecinos y vecinas, en situación de vulnerabili￾dad social que por alguna imposibilidad física, simbólica, geográfica, no puede acercarse a ningún centro para recibir atención. El dispositivo cuenta con un equipo interdisciplinario de psicólogos, trabajadores sociales y enfer￾meros, quienes acompañan en domicilio a las personas, tendiendo a recons￾truir el lazo social y restituyendo sus derechos. El mismo funciona de lunes a lunes y acompaña a 200 grupos familiares. 1.4. Para 2030, garantizar que todos los hombres y mujeres, en particular los pobres y los más vulnerables, tengan los mismos derechos a los recur￾sos económicos, así como acceso a los servicios básicos, la propiedad y el control de las tierras y otros bienes, la herencia, los recursos naturales, las nuevas tecnologías y los servicios económicos, incluida la microfinanciación. PROGRAMA JUNTO A VOS Este programa acompaña a las familias de mayor vulnerabilidad social a través de una ayuda económica, que se entrega en los Centros de Atención Primaria de la Salud (CAPS), buscando que los grupos familiares se referen￾cien con el espacio, obteniendo un abordaje integral. En contraprestación el titular asiste a los talleres o encuentros realizados durante el año tendientes a 10 fortalecer y a generar autovalimiento. En el año 2020, 400 grupos familiares que no se encontraban alcanzados por las políticas públicas nacionales resul￾taron beneficiarios. PROGRAMA NACIONAL ACCIONAR AYUDAS URGENTES A través de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Social de la municipalidad de La Costa se logró realizar una articulación con el Consejo Nacional de Coordina￾ción de Políticas Sociales, desde donde se realizan distintas acciones, una de ellas tiene que ver con la línea de AYUDAS URGENTES. Este programa busca atender situaciones de extrema vulnerabilidad que necesiten atención inme￾diata y no puedan aguardar los tiempos administrativos regulares del Estado, para paliarlas con el otorgamiento de un subsidio económico. A través de la articulación de la Municipalidad de La Costa, se logró acordar la implementa￾ción del programa para 100 familias.

ODS 1. Poner fin a la pobreza en todas sus formas en todo el mundo. Ā.ā Para āÿĂÿ, reducir al menos a la mitad la proporción de hombres, mujeres y niños y niñas de todas las edades que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las definiciones nacionales. Meta ODS Rio Grande: De aquí a āÿĂÿ generar acciones tendientes a crear un desarrollo territorial sustentable acompañado de una diversificación productiva con foco en actividades de impacto económico, ambiental y social positivo. Respecto a esto, el muncipio se encuentra implementando el Programa "RGA Agroproductiva", el mismo consiste en brindar asistencia técnica, económica y financiera, a más de ĀĆÿ pequeños productores frutihortícolas locales. Al mismo tiempo, desde la Secretaria de la Mujer, Género y Diversidad se llevan adelante diferentes programas que impulsan a la independencia económica, generando oportunidades y diversificando las posibilidades de empleo de las mujeres, como el Programa "Mujeres Emprendedoras" o el Programa "Mujeres Choferesas de Transporte Público y Privados de Pasajeros .

ࠀ߿ |Fin de la pobreza ࠀ.ࠃ De aquí a ߿ࠂ߿ࠁ, garantizar que todos los hombres y mujeres, en particular los pobres y los vulnerables, tengan los mismos derechos a los recursos económicos y acceso a los servicios básicos, la propiedad y el control de la tierra y otros bienes, la herencia, los recursos naturales, las nuevas tecnologías apropiadas y los servicios financieros, incluida la microfinanciación. Acción: Ayuda económica y de asesoramiento profesional para dar solución habitacional según necesidad puntual. MEDICIÓN DEL PROGRESO Alquileres 66% Materiales 34% Familias beneficiadas 94 Se brinda ayuda a familias desde el área social, luego de evaluar la situación de cada familia se realizan las siguientes actuaciones: | Materiales para ampliación. | Materiales para conexión a red cloacal. | Ayuda económica para abonar alquileres. Inversión Económica Total $362200 6ࠀ

22 melbourne.vic.gov.au Context Poverty is a complex issue everywhere. The likelihood of experiencing and overcoming poverty is influenced by interdependent factors such as access to work and afordable community services, and income, education, housing, health and inclusion. It is disproportionately experienced in Australia by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, young people and children, older people, women, single parents, people with a disability and migrants. This means that achieving many other Goals also relies on reducing poverty, such as: Goal 2 – No Hunger, Goal 3 – Good Health and Wellbeing, Goal 4 – Quality Education, Goal 8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth, Goal 10 – Reduced Inequalities, and Goal 11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities. There is no nationally agreed definition of poverty in Australia. We adopt the OECD definition of the poverty line as half the median household income of the total population, this translates to a single adult living on less than $426.30 a week. For a couple with two children, it is $895.22 a week. COVID-19 has highlighted the vulnerability we face when a crisis occurs. The interconnected nature of existing chronic stresses, overlaid with an acute shock, can have disproportionate impact. We have witnessed challenges with access to food, housing afordability, job losses and reduced wages. City of Melbourne is responsible for providing programs that alleviate the lived experience of poverty for community members, as opposed to specifically reducing poverty. As the home of Melbourne’s central business district, we also have a unique role to play in supporting economic activity via services and infrastructure, fostering the creation of decent, sustainable jobs, as well as advocating to other levels of government on behalf of the community. By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty within the City of Melbourne in all its dimensions according to national definitions (SDG target 1.2) Implement nationally and locally appropriate social protection systems, services and measures for all and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable (SDG target 1.3) By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular people experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage and vulnerability, have equal rights to economic resources and housing, including access to basic and financial services (SDG target 1.4) By 2030, build the resilience of people in the City of Melbourne experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage and in vulnerable situations, and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters (SDG target 1.5, see also SDG target 11.5) Progress snapshot The proportion of the population living in poverty fell from 9.1 per cent to 7.4 per cent between 2015 and 2019. Income inequality slightly worsened between 2015 and 2018 in comparison to the metropolitan Melbourne average. Targets Figure 2: Proportion of the population living below the national poverty line (i.e. living on less than 50% of Australian median income) Figure 4: People living in poverty Figure 3: Gini Coefcient in 2018 (relative income inequality - where 0 is perfect income equality and 1 is perfect inequality) Key performance indicators City of Melbourne Voluntary Local Review 2022 23 0 10 15 5 20 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 9% 11% 7% 7% Greater Metropolitan Melbourne 0.48 City of Melbourne 0.56 0 1 11% 9%in Greater Metropolitan 7% Melbourne in the City of Melbourne Approximately people living in poverty in 2019 13,200 24 melbourne.vic.gov.au How we are delivering on this goal We have a range of programs to address afordable housing and homelessness, jobs, food security, mental wellbeing, inclusion, reconciliation and community infrastructure and services. The progress and impact of these programs is captured in other Goals. All play a critical role in reducing the risk factors for poverty within our community. However, we need to improve our understanding of who and where vulnerable people are and take more concerted steps to target poverty. Our Council Plan includes the following priorities over the next four years: • Fair, appropriate and accessible afordable housing is available for people of all backgrounds, with special focus on people experiencing homelessness (see also Goal 11). • Increased economic participation, with a city economy that is fairer and more inclusive, enabling access to employment for residents and access to accommodation for key workers in the municipality (see Goal 8). • Food security increases for everyone, especially the most vulnerable (see also Goal 2). • Core services are accessible and afordable for everyone, with special attention given to mental health, lifelong education and internet services (see also Goal 3 and Goal 4). • City of Melbourne activities – including events, the arts and culture – are accessible and afordable for everyone (see also Goal 8). We will collaborate with the community using a place-based approach to ensure we tap into the knowledge and experiences in our diverse communities. Over time, City of Melbourne will develop insights from each neighbourhood to help us understand the impacts of long-term planning and investment decisions. Through this approach, we will gain insight into poverty in our community and be able to target our eforts and investment towards the population groups and neighbourhoods that are experiencing the greatest inequalities. Responding to COVID-19 through our community services Since COVID-19, people in our community have experienced issues with family life, mental health, social isolation, education, and changes to plans and usual activities. City of Melbourne responded by enhancing service delivery to provide additional support to vulnerable groups: • 2,200 meals delivered to families in need • 30,000 masks delivered to the community • 200 play and art packs delivered to children in housing estates • 57 projects for disadvantaged communities funded by coronavirus emergency response grants • Family violence support worker available for face-to-face support • 731 care packs delivered to young people • 5,000 wellbeing phone calls and 230 online programs for older adults and carers • Online and phone support for families with children aged 0-4 years of age See also Goal 2 ‘Our Shout’ food voucher program. City of Melbourne Voluntary Local Review 2022 25 Through delivery of City of Melbourne programs and services, we expect to see improvements in the lives of people experiencing poverty. To achieve the no poverty targets in our communities, we need to further build relationships with all levels of government, the private sector and community organisations to collectively understand and tackle the underlying causes of poverty. 26 melbourne.vic.gov.au Our key strategies and plans Council Plan strategic objective: Access and afordability; Economy of the future Community Infrastructure Development Framework Community Food Relief 2021 – 2025: Planning for a food secure city Disability Access and Inclusion Plan 2020-2024 Economic Development Strategy 2031 Health and Wellbeing Plan (integrated in the Council Plan) Afordable Housing Strategy 2020-30 Inclusive Melbourne Strategy 2021-31 Reconciliation Action Plan 2021-23 Food insecurity Employment Inequalities Housing and resilience Related indicators across other Goals Data coverage Income alone does not represent the complexity of factors that afect poverty, but it does allow for measurement over time and comparison with other cities. Data on income distribution (Gini Coefcient) at the local level can be more difcult to obtain. City of Melbourne Voluntary Local Review 2022 27

20 SDG 1 – End poverty in all its forms everywhere This SDG is primarily aimed at eradicating all forms of extreme poverty. The poverty rate should be halved by 2030. We therefore discuss the risk of poverty in this chapter. This involves the development of strong social protection systems and access to basic services and economic resources. Reducing poverty goes hand in hand with ensuring equal rights and covers every aspect of life. In addition, we focus on increasing the resilience of people in vulnerable situations and on limiting the impact of economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters, especially for those in vulnerable situations. The 2020-2025 multi-annual strategic plan of Ghent includes the following related objectives: ‘Reducing poverty in Ghent by pursuing a proactive and integral anti-poverty policy’ through: > Assisting homeless people with a view to re-integration > Reinforcing and aligning the anti-poverty policy across all policy areas and raising awareness about poverty > Providing appropriate assistance to all families with underage children as well as all young people living in poverty > Providing integral personalised assistance to people in vulnerable situations and with growing problems > Ensuring that people can meet their basic needs and assert their essential rights SDG 1 in short Further information: the official text of the SDGs drawn up by the United Nations is included as an annex. Below you can find the list of underlying topics. Extreme poverty (1.1) Risk of poverty (1.2) Social protection systems (1.3) Equal rights (1.4) Resilience (1.5) Unequal impact of extreme events (1.5) Topics of SDG 1 21 SDG 1 – END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE Status of the city Extreme poverty (1.1) This objective is less relevant to Ghent (the poverty threshold is 1.25 US dollar a day). Risk of poverty (1.2) According to the European poverty threshold, people who earn less than 60% of the national median income have an increased poverty risk. This is called ‘monetary or financial poverty’. However, poverty is not just a question of income. “People living in poverty are unable to bridge this gap on their own. Poverty and social exclusion can be both the cause and the outcome of insufficient access to income, employment, education, healthcare, housing and participation in society.”3 The number of Ghentians living in financial poverty is calculated on the basis of the poverty risk. To do so, we apply the Belgian indicators to the situation in Ghent. In an urban context, any Belgian figures are always an underestimation of the real situation. The risk of poverty among the Belgian population is 16.4%:4 this means that 16.4% of Belgians have an income which is less than 60% of the national median income. If we apply this percentage to Ghent, the total number of people at risk of poverty amounts to 42,500. In the context of Belgium, the risk of poverty and social exclusion is estimated at 20%, which corresponds to approximately 52,000 Ghentians. Although these two percentages have remained relatively stable over the past few years, the risk of poverty was at its highest level in the final year of the monitoring period (2018). We have also observed another evolution: the risk of poverty is increasing among young people and decreasing among older people. At the Belgian level, the risk of financial poverty is higher for children and young people than for adults: 17.8% versus 15.5%. It may be inferred that 8,823 children are living in financial poverty in Ghent and that 10,706 children (21.6% of all 0-17 year olds) are at risk of poverty and social exclusion.5 22 SDG 1 – END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE The family characteristics are relevant in this respect:6 17% of the children live in a family where at least one parent does not work; this can be broken down into: > 39% living in a single-parent family where the parent does not work > 9% living in a two-parent family where both parents do not work The risk of poverty differs depending on the individual’s age, background and type of family as well as their employment status and ownership situation. In this report, we only describe the differences based on demographic characteristics. The risk of poverty is one and a half times higher for single people. The risk of poverty is two to three times higher for single parents. The risk of poverty is three times higher for people born outside Belgium than for people born in Belgium. The risk of poverty can be broken down further by groups of the population: > The risk of poverty for people born outside the EU-28: 46.3% > The risk of poverty for people born in the EU (excluding Belgium): 19.4% > The risk of poverty for people born in Belgium: 11.5%7 The risk of poverty increases for older people as well: 16.6%. An estimated total of 7,200 Ghentians over 65 years of age are at risk of poverty. Child poverty Child poverty is measured on the basis of the social deprivation index of the Belgian Child and Family Agency. This indicator takes into account the complexity of poverty and the multitude of interconnected forms of exclusion in various areas of individual and social life. It monitors the birth rate in vulnerable households. In 2019, this rate was 22.0%,8which is higher than the Flemish average. It is estimated that approximately 10,000 of the 50,486 Ghent children (i.e. 19.9%) are living in poverty. 23 SDG 1 – END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE Differences between Ghent neighbourhoods There are major differences in terms of poverty between the Ghent neighbourhoods: > The level of social deprivation is highest in the neighbourhoods Nieuw Gent-UZ, Muide-Meulestede-Afrikalaan and Rabot-Blaisantvest. > They are followed by Brugse Poort-Rooigem and Sluizeken-Tolhuis-Ham. > The neighbourhoods Bloemekenswijk, Ledeberg and Watersportbaan-Ekkergem also rank above the city’s average. All figures point in the same direction: one in five Ghentians lives in a situation of poverty and social exclusion. In addition, about 13% of Ghentians experience financial difficulties.9 Homeless people and people with inadequate or insecure accommodation Homelessness and inadequate or insecure accommodation are extreme forms of poverty and social exclusion. Official figures on the number of homeless people and people with inadequate or insecure accommodation in Ghent are not available. Every year, the Public Centre for Social Welfare (PCSW) assists about 500 long-term (>3 months) Ghent homeless people in finding a permanent residence. The majority (78%) are men, and 75% of them are facing multiple issues. The PCSW does not have any figures on short-term/acute homelessness. There is a certain degree of mobility between cities and between a city and the surrounding rural municipalities. The City of Ghent and various partners are currently (May 2020) preparing an official point-in-time count. In 2019, the centre for general welfare work CAW (Centrum Algemeen Welzijnswerk) of East Flanders provided assistance to 1,180 homeless people and people with inadequate or insecure accommodation (some without legal residence and others with legal residence). Of these, 872 stayed in one of the Ghent shelters: 51.2% men and 48.8% women, including 280 accompanying children. The CAW assisted 631 homeless people and people with inadequate or insecure accommodation, 52% of whom were men and 48% of whom were women, in finding a home. 24 SDG 1 – END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE Social protection (1.3) People in need are entitled to additional social protection. In this report, we will discuss a few measures within the scope of poverty reduction. Ghentians with insufficient or no income can receive a guaranteed minimum income, which is called “living wage” or “equivalent living wage”. 3% of all Ghentians, i.e. 7,774 people in total, receive an (equivalent) “living wage”.10 Living wage recipients are also assisted in completing training and/or finding employment. Their right to increased health insurance reimbursement ensures they have access to healthcare. We also use this indicator for mapping the risk of poverty (not calculated at a local level). In 2009, 16.4% of the Ghent population was entitled to increased health insurance reimbursement. This percentage increased to 18.5%11 in 2014 and reached 20.2% in 2017. We have observed that more than 1 in 4 inhabitants of Ghent over the age of 65 are entitled to increased health insurance reimbursement. 6.5% of people over 65 receive a guaranteed income for the elderly (social welfare benefits for old-age pensioners with insufficient financial means). Both figures have remained stable over the past few years. Financial vulnerability continues to be an important area of attention for the elderly as well.12 One in five Ghentians lives in a situation of poverty and social exclusion, and the current “living wage” does not suffice to help people out of poverty.13 14 Equal rights (1.4) Please refer to SDG 5 ‘gender equality’ and SDG 10 ‘reduced inequalities’ for more information on this topic. 25 SDG 1 – END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE Resilience (1.5) Help provided by the PCSW Every town or city in Belgium has a Public Centre for Social Welfare (PCSW) which is responsible for ensuring the welfare of all citizens. The PCSW is open to all inhabitants of Ghent. Everyone is entitled to adequate housing, healthcare, sufficient financial means, etc. The PCSW provides assistance in each one of these aspects and therefore focuses on increasing the resilience of vulnerable Ghentians. In 2019, the Ghent PCSW supported a total of 28,997 unique persons, i.e. 10.9% of the Ghent population or 14,105 households. These persons / households could count on financial, administrative, psychological and legal assistance. In doing so, the PCSW reached out to approximately seven in ten people in financial poverty. Unequal impact of extreme events (1.5) Some people have less access to the social safety net because they are not officially recognised as citizens (residing in Belgium). These are people without legal residence, for instance refugees who did not come to Belgium through the regular system. Due to their vulnerable position, they require additional help, yet have no equivalent access to healthcare. People without legal residence Ghent accommodates a significant number of people without legal residence, but exact figures are not available. The City of Ghent estimates that some 3,250 people without legal residence were present within its administrative boundaries op 1 January 2019. (This figure is based on a study which combinated medical data, a local general survey and international literature research). Migrants in transit and people with an uncertain residence status have not been included in this figure. We estimate the number of minors without legal residence to be 1,000. Overall, about half are EU citizens and about half are non-EU citizens.

15 SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere This SDG aims first of all to eradicate all extreme poverty in the world. Poverty should be halved by 2030. In this section, therefore, we discuss the risk of poverty. Reducing that risk involves building strong social protection systems, achieving equal rights and providing access to basic services and economic resources. Poverty reduction focuses on all areas of life. In addition, we are dedicated to the resilience of people in vulnerable situations and to reducing the impact of economic, social and environmental disasters, especially for people in vulnerable circumstances. SDG 1 in brief We transferred the official sub-goals into topics for each SDG. You can also view the fully written sub￾goals here. Extreme poverty (1.1) Risk of poverty (1.2) Social protection systems (1.3) Equal rights (1.4) Resilience (1.5) Unequal impact of extreme events (1.5) SDG 1 topics 16 SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE The City of Ghent’s strategy and approach City of Ghent approach Obviously, the projects in this report only provide a limited view of how the City of Ghent operates with respect to poverty. The City of Ghent and Public Centre for Social Welfare Ghent are joining forces to help people living in poverty, based on the vision that every Ghent citizen is entitled to a dignified life. Everyone should be able to take part in life in our city and that is why we are fighting poverty, helping the people of Ghent to progress financially and to implement their social rights. We support them where necessary in all areas of life: living, working, education and learning, health, energy, leisure, etc. We pay special attention to opportunities for children. The major actions in the fight against poverty are bundled in the Ghent Poverty Policy Plan. This plan is the result of close collaboration with numerous organisations fighting poverty. An annual report on what happened to implement the plan is submitted to the city council’s welfare committee. If you would like to know more about the approach to poverty in Ghent, please go to this link. Strategy In the Ghent Multi-annual Strategic plan 20-25, we find the following goals that contribute to achieving the sustainable development goals: ‘Less poverty in Ghent through a proactive and integral poverty policy’: > Helping the homeless with their reintegration. > Strengthening the poverty policy in all policy areas and raising awareness about poverty. > All families with underage children and all young people living in poverty receive appropriate support. > Ensuring tailored integral assistance for the vulnerable population and its growing issues. > Ensuring that people can meet their basic needs and exhaust their most important rights. 17 SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE SDG 1 International International benchmark by OECD SDG Index6 To allow for an international comparison for SDG 1, ‘no poverty’, the OECD SDG Index suggests the following indicator: the share of the population (in percentage) living on a disposable income below the poverty line77 . This corresponds with the AROP indicator88, the risk of monetary poverty. The data for this indicator in the SDG index dates back to 2016, but already gives an initial idea of where Ghent is positioned compared to other cities with respect to this goal. The SDG Index provides a score of 1-100, where a score of 100 is the indicator’s proposed fi nal value to achieve the target by 2030. Ghent = ‘selected city’ Source: OECD9 6 OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 7 The poverty line is equal to 60% of the national average disposable household income. 8 STATBEL (s.d.). Risico op armoede of sociale uitsluiting (Risk of poverty or social exclusion), consulted at https://statbel.fgov.be/nl/themas/huishoudens/armoede-en-levensomstandigheden/risico-op-armoede-sociale-uitsluiting#documents 9 OECD. (2020). Measuring the distance to the SDGs in regions and cities, consulted at https://www.oecd-local-sdgs.org/index.html. International Projects Every year, the City of Ghent supports international projects with the ‘Ghent citizens without borders’ project subsidy. Several SDGs are at the centre of this. SDG 1, ‘no poverty’, is refl ected in several proposals and approved projects. However, we specifi cally focus on the project ‘Africa in Flanders’, to set up vocational training for seamstresses and workshops on confl ict management in Congo. Job creation is one of the most successful ways to lift families out of poverty, especially when it comes to projects in diffi cult regions. In addition, Ghent signed the Eurocities pledge on homelessness and is the leader of the Urbact project ROOF (‘housing fi rst’). Impact of the coronavirus crisis Poverty increases on many fronts Although poverty affects many areas, everything starts with a lack of fi nancial resources. Those who benefi t from a living wage often still live below the poverty line, because the federally determined living wage limits fall below it. Since Covid, the number of living wage recipients has been rising: in December 2019 there were 5,035 living wage recipients, in December 2020 there were as many as 5,471. The monthly fi gures also show that the downward trend until July 2019 has turned into an upward trend in 2020. Figure 1 OECD SDG-index – SDG 1 Selected city Country average User selection Bottom 20% Top 20% Values End Value NO POVERTY Cities 0 20 40 60 80 100 18 SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE Figure 2 Monthly figures number of living wage recipients If we look beyond the living wage, but still limit ourselves to the possible types of help from the Social Services of the City of Ghent, it appears that the most vulnerable people still live in the 19th and 20th century belt. 10 Steunpunt tot bestrijding van armoede, bestaansonzekerheid en sociale uitsluiting (2021). Interfederale nota over de impact van de COVID-19-crisis in situaties van armoede en bestaansonzekerheid (Support centre for combating poverty, insecurity and social exclusion (2021). Interfederal note on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis in situations of poverty and livelihood insecurity). https://www.armoedebestrijding.be/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Interfederale-nota-impact-COVID-19-april-2021-NL.pdf 11 BAPN (Belgian Anti-Poverty Network) Fiche 66: Tarif social internet (Sheet 66: Social Internet rate); BAPN. Fiche 88: Familles: facture numérique et téléphonique (Sheet 88: Families: digital and telephone bill). Digital divide widens gap between rich and poor 10 The digital divide11 is a problem that already existed before the COVID-19 crisis, but that has gained momentum with the acceleration and rise of digitisation in various life areas (access to services, education, work, etc.) as a result of health measures. This evolution therefore has an impact on various areas of life. Source: Datacel Social Services, City of Ghent, 2020 Source: Datacel Social Services, City of Ghent, 2020 5600 5500 5400 5300 5200 5100 5000 4900 4800 4700 Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dec 2019 2020 5302 5115 5319 5165 5310 5311 5286 5399 5239 5415 5185 5359 5018 5298 5037 5340 5142 5443 5089 5413 5015 5442 5035 5471 Totaal Kanaaldorpen en -zone 2.8% Muide-Meulestede￾Afrikalaan 16.8% Bloemekenswijk 13.8% Sluizeken-Tolhuis-Ham 15.1 % Mariakerke 3.2% Dampoort 9.7% Drongen 1.6% Oud Gentbrugge 7.7% Watersportbaan￾Ekkergem 14.3% Ledeberg 11.2% Wondelgem 4.3% Oostakker 2.4% Rabot-Blaisantvest 17.3% Sint-Amandsberg 4.7% Brugse Poort-Rooigem 15.1% Machaerius-Heirnis 9.3% Binnenstad 7.5% Gentbrugge 3.8% Elisabethbegijnhof-Papegaai 8.6% Moscou-Vogelhoek 4.7% Sint-Denijs-Westrem 2.3% Nieuw Gent-UZ 18.8% Stationsbuurt Noord 6.8% Stationsbuurt Zuid 6.2% Zwijnaarde 2.2% Figure 3 Who do we help: geographical distribution, % = number of households vs population 19 SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE > An increase in digitalisation was observed through homeworking, distance learning, reliance on digital offerings in care and services, preference for electronic payments (and in some cases a ban on cash payments)12. > The increase in digitalisation is taking place against the background of an already existing digital divide. In 2019, before the coronavirus crisis, 29% of Belgian households with an income of less than 1,200 euros had no Internet connection, compared to 1% for households with an income above 3,000 euros. Not being able to use the Internet to send forms to the administration, despite the need for it, was a problem for 56% of the former, compared to 30% of the latter13. > During lockdown, public spaces with Internet access are not open either. > There are also implications for privacy: video calls sometimes allow for unwanted insight into someone’s home circumstances. Homeless counted for the first time Due to loss of income and rising costs, rent arrears are building up and the already existing issues with tenants in the private rental market are getting worse. Clearing accrued rent arrears is not a matter of course, so more evictions are imminent. There are fears of an increase in the number of homeless people during the summer of 2021.14 In Ghent, the homeless were counted for the first time: 1,873 homeless people, 401 of whom were children. In total, 314 people or 21% of all adults counted are acutely homeless in Ghent. These are people who stay in public spaces, emergency shelters, garages, squats, cars or tents. Slightly less than half of them have been homeless for more than two years15. 12 Myria. Fiche 42: Droit aux services bancaires pour étrangers (Sheet 42: Right to banking services for foreigners). 13 Brotcorne, P. & Mariën, I. (2020). Barometer Digitale Inclusie 2020. Brussel: Koning Boudewijnstichting (Barometer Digital Inclusion 2020. Brussels: King Baudouin Foundation). 14 Steunpunt tot bestrijding van armoede, bestaansonzekerheid en sociale uitsluiting (2021). Interfederale nota over de impact van de COVID-19-crisis in situaties van armoede en bestaansonzekerheid (Support centre for combating poverty, insecurity and social exclusion (2021). Interfederal note on the impact of the COVID-19 crisis in situations of poverty and livelihood insecurity. https://www.armoedebestrijding.be/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Interfederale-nota-impact-COVID-19-april-2021-NL.pdf 15 Hermans, K., Vermeir, E. & Samyn, S. (2021). Telling dak- en thuisloosheid. Lokaal rapport Gent. KULeuven (Homelessness census. Local report Ghent. KULeuven). 20 Children First Photographer: Thomas De Boever 21 SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE Children First , Children First reaches out to families who have difficulty finding appropriate assistance and does so through the presence of social workers from PCSF Gent in the schools. Close cooperation between welfare and education provides an answer to the many questions parents or young people ask the schools. Parents often ask welfare questions of schools, but they do not always find their way to the right welfare partners. Within this accessible and proactive operation, we reach families that we would otherwise not reach. With Children First we cooperate with the schools in three ways: 1. In schools with the most vulnerable population, there are open days. The social workers are there at set times. 2. In other schools we work with consultations: an appointment is made with the social worker at the school. 3. Thirdly, there is a clear point of contact for all schools in Ghent. Children First has the following goals: > Entitlements (e.g., application for a subsistence allowance, application for a medical card, study grant, etc.). > To unburden schools, to raise awareness of poverty in schools and to provide support in their poverty policy (e.g., training). Better knowledge of deprivation, child and generational poverty16 enables schools to create opportunities and support children and their families. > Guaranteeing appropriate assistance for each child/family: improving access to services for people in poverty, with priority attention to parents, children and their families; improving cooperation between the sectors/partners involved across life domains. In this way, we bridge the gap between assistance, leisure and school. > Support families in the most vulnerable conditions by paying for school meals. 16 By deprivation we mean the situation in which people are deprived of opportunities to participate adequately in socially valued goods: education, labour, housing. This is not a one-off event, but a lasting state of affairs that occurs in different areas - tangible and intangible. In the case of generational poverty, we see exclusion in a single family in successive generations, whether financial, social or other. In practice Children First’s social workers use the schools as a source. In schools with open days, the social worker is available at school at a fixed time. Parents can drop by without an appointment. This is communicated to parents through leaflets and posters. The liaison officer, pupil guidance, the care team, the administration, the school social worker will refer to Children First’s social worker. They will look at the family’s or young person’s question, what barriers to assistance there are, help with the question itself or put the inquirer in touch with other services. In schools where we have consultations, we work by appointment. The consultation takes place at school or during a home visit. Other than that, everything else is like an open day. We work in an approachable and proactive way and reach families we would otherwise not reach. Schools primarily act as the referring party for children and families. Because of their proximity and involvement, they are often the first point of contact for parents. Therefore, they are a privileged partner. The close cooperation, consultation and sharing of knowledge between the school team and the Children First staff ensure sustainable solutions: income (living wage, child benefits, unemployment benefits), material assistance (food parcels, emergency medical care), administrative assistance, debt mediation, access to (mental) health care. Children First also increases knowledge about poverty in schools, including through consultations with teachers and through training. In this way, we create more opportunities to better support children in precarious situations. 22 SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE Collaboration in the city Children First is an initiative of PCSF Ghent in conjunction with the Education Centre Ghent. The following partners are critical to the operation: > The social workers at Children First with their head social worker, head of department and the relevant psychologist from the Psychological Service of PCSF Ghent make up the core team. > Ghent schools and their school teams (such as pupil guidance, care coordinator, school social worker) are the central partners at Children First. > In addition to the members of the school team, the liaison officer between school, parents and neighbourhood is essential. A child has most opportunities if it can develop in a context where school, family and neighbourhood are partners in creating a broad and challenging learning and living environment. Children and young people learn both inside and outside school walls/hours if all the learning prerequisites are satisfied. Think about housing, income, food, health, safety. Evolution In 2015, PCSF Ghent and the House of the Child launched a pilot project in the primary school De Toverberg. A social worker was available at the school twice a week. This approach caught on. Parents found it easier to get help, and teachers and liaison workers also felt supported. The pilot project was extended to five schools in the 2016-2017 school year. In 2017- 2018, the operation became structural: from then on two social workers worked in quite a few schools with a fixed open day, including part-time and special education schools. In addition, they involved a consultation function in many schools. In the school year 2020-2021, the team of social workers was doubled again. As of September, the four social workers were able to work in nearly 35 open day schools and almost 40 other schools. Within the renewed operation of the welfare centres, each school can quickly and directly contact the social worker at the welfare office in the neighbourhood in which the school is located. For whom Children First aims to reach all school-age children who grow up in vulnerable situations (from toddler to adolescent) and their families. In Ghent, it is estimated that 1 child in 5 grows up in poverty. This means approx. 10,000 children. Poverty threatens children’s rights as they experience more stress and anxiety. Child poverty also increases the risk of poverty and social exclusion in adult life. Children First has a greater impact: we step in early and break through (generational) poverty. The presence of an PCSF staff member in the school takes into account the SES (socio-economic status) of the pupils in the school. Children First is closest in schools with the highest SES rates, where the greatest number of children in vulnerable situations attend school. With the expansion of Children First, we are also present in schools that are interested in helping to shape a poverty policy and, for example, want to work on proactive rights. Proud of A unique cross-domain cooperation takes place between education and welfare within the school. By being present at school we work better and in a more integrated way and we bridge the gap between help and service, leisure time and school. We work in an approachable manner by transferring the PCSF services to the school. Young people can be helped anonymously and personally in the school environment. We provide administrative and financial support so that young people can focus on learning. Support is also close at hand for parents and teachers. We catch questions and needs more quickly. And schools experience this as support for the complex (welfare) questions they are faced with. Keeping in touch with schools and liaison workers leads to a relationship of trust. This is bearing fruit and leads to the effective granting of rights and support to families and young people. 23 SDG 1: END POVERTY EVERYWHERE AND IN ALL ITS FORMS ‘After our assessments, it appears that most schools are enthusiastic about the Children Klaske, social worker: “ First operation. Because we provide support on an administrative level and are well acquainted with the network of organisations in Ghent, we take over a workload from the teachers, liaison workers, grade coaches and student counsellors. We refer people immediately or find out what support is possible on an administrative, financial or emotional level. We have the knowledge to provide the necessary help.’ 24 SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE An additional bonus is the embedding in the bigger picture of our PCSW work: we exchange and share knowledge. Results The Children First team doubled to four social workers in 2020. The number of schools with open days and consultations expanded to nearly 35 open day schools and almost 40 schools with consultations. In the 2019-2020 school year there were 362 social workers for families or young people. Of this group, 64% did not receive support from PCSF Ghent at the time. Some 100 people received further guidance from a regular social worker at PCSF Ghent (e.g., for the allocation of the living wage, social guidance, debt assistance) and 93 families received a refund for school meals. Lastly, we would like to point out that in spite of the coronavirus, the social workers continued to work in the schools, with an adjusted working method. Ambitions We strive for the growing awareness of the topic of poverty and poverty policy in schools. We want to encourage schools to take a ‘poverty look’. We are collaborating with Education Centre Ghent and are concentrating on cost-conscious education and poverty awareness training tailored to the needs of the schools. We are reinforcing the link between welfare and education: together with Education Centre Ghent and TOPunt Ghent vzw, we are organising an exchange day: school teams, social workers and CLB staff meet at neighbourhood level and get to know each other’s work even better. We are looking into how we can reach even more families and young people. The Childcare Department (City of Ghent) shows interest in connecting childcare initiatives with the work of social workers in the welfare offices. And we are looking at how this approach provides opportunities in other areas of life: for example, by deploying social workers to sources in other sectors, such as material assistance initiatives. We aim to evolve further towards a more structural approach to school poverty, with a strong poverty policy in the Ghent education system. Also in schools where there are currently no Children First social workers or liaison officers. In the coming years, Education Centre Ghent will, together with PCSF Ghent, focus even more on poverty awareness and policy in schools. We are working on three aspects: support for a more conscious poverty and cost policy at school; striving for affordable education in Ghent through lower and transparent school fees; reducing financial stress among parents and at school. By joining forces, both in terms of education policy and poverty policy, we aim to remove (financial and other) barriers to education in Ghent. Pupils in poverty should have the same opportunities as everyone else. The collaboration between Education Centre Ghent and the PCSF supports schools in forming a poverty-ready school team and reducing financial stress for both school and parents. We are committed to lower, more transparent school fees. In addition, we are working to reduce the digital divide. Over three years, actions will be taken by the e-inclusion working group Digitaal.Talent@Gent, Education Centre Ghent, Education Ghent and the various education umbrella organisations. Challenges We notice major differences between schools with respect to the awareness of poverty at school. Children First cannot always immediately take care of the (distressing) requests for help. In our city, too, there are waiting lists and we cannot always provide appropriate assistance. Resources to support children and families in paying for school meals are limited. Demand exceeds supply. Although we aim to support as many children/young people as possible in the most vulnerable situations, some people/schools fall by the wayside. 25 SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE Finally, it is not easy to make a separate room available in some schools. This was certainly the case during the coronavirus crisis. Social workers showed a lot of creativity in continuing to reach out to families and young people. Role of the City of Ghent Children First is part of PCSF Ghent’s operations. The social workers at Children First form a team within the PCSF. In addition, signals and findings from the Children First social workers are included and fed back to other City of Ghent departments through the head social worker and the head of the department. Education Centre Ghent cooperates with the PCSF based on the supporting educational policy to give shape to the poverty policy at school. Importance of partnerships Cooperation between different cities and at the Flemish level is appropriate for taking sustainable steps in the area of affordable education and raising awareness about poverty in education. Sharing knowledge and good examples will help us reach our goal of accessible Ghent education with sufficient bridges to welfare more quickly. We have also noticed a great deal of interest in Children First from other cities and are keen to share knowledge with other cities in Flanders. Through platforms such as Eurocities (Workgroup Children and Young People), this is also happening internationally. Further info > Info on Children First: https://stad.gent/nl/samenleven-welzijn-gezondheid/ ocmw-gent/gent-tegen-armoede/kinderarmoede/ kinderen-eerst-welzijn-op-school > Info on Ghent’s poverty policy: https://stad.gent/nl/onderwijscentrum-gent/ armoedebeleid 26 The associations where people in poverty speak up 27 SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE The associations where people in poverty speak up ,, , In the fi ght against poverty and social exclusion, the associations where people in poverty speak up are full partners. We give people with experience with poverty a voice in policy. In addition, we create safe and energising meeting places for people with and without experience with poverty. We make people stronger in the fi ght against poverty. We noticed that a large heterogeneous group of people is living in poverty in cities. Some groups are diffi cult to reach. They include non-Dutch-speaking Ghent residents and single parents with young children. In very concrete terms, we go the extra mile to reach a broader target group of people living in poverty and to build and share knowledge and experience in the area of participation by people living in poverty. In practice Firstly, the associations are actively working on broadening the target group. This creates more diversity in the group. Together with the associations, we actively track down under-reached groups, such as non-native speakers, single young parents, lonely elderly people, the homeless. And we motivate them to take part in the work of the associations. To this end, we establish links with civil society organisations who are in contact with these groups. In addition, we are committed to building and sharing expertise. To this end, we work together with the Policy Participation Department of the City of Ghent. The three associations act as the Ghent Collective against Poverty and represent a knowledge centre in the area of policy participation for people in poverty. With 17 These are BMLIK, SIVI vzw and De Zuidpoort vzw 18 vzw = non-profi t organisation the establishment of the Collective, we build a bridge to the newly established Participation Point of the City of Ghent (Policy Participation Department). This Participation Point now represents the support for city services and employees, and also aims to focus more broadly on cooperation with citizens’ initiatives, associations and businesses. In this respect, the acquired knowledge within the associations adds considerable value. Collaboration in the city The associations where people in poverty speak up17 are the project’s initiators, in cooperation with the City and PCSF Ghent. City services and other partners also contribute to the project. > Movement for people with a low income and children vzw18 (BMLIK), SIVI vzw, De Zuidpoort vzw, Jong Gent in Actie, KRAS Gent, Samenlevingsopbouw Gent. > City of Ghent services: Policy Support Staff of the Local Social Policy Department, Policy Participation/Social Management Department, Housing Department, Urban Renewal Department, Cultural Affairs Department. Evolution The associations where people in poverty speak up have been fi ghting poverty and social exclusion for a long time, together with people living in poverty. The Movement of People with Low Incomes and Children was founded in 1983. Vzw SIVI and vzw de Zuidpoort were founded in the mid-1990s. In the meantime, the City and the PCSF have been collaborating for years with the associations where people in poverty speak up. The associations can count on fi nancial support in this. In 2015, the associations concluded grant agreements with the City, with a view to eventually concluding structural cooperation agreements in the 2020-2025 policy period. 28 SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE In these cooperation agreements (2020), we emphasise: > Broadening the target group, so that we speak on behalf of all persons living in poverty, irrespective of their origin. > Policy participation with and for people in poverty and development of expertise: over the years, we have acquired expertise in methodologies, in reaching out to groups, and in specific topics that lead to greater participation in the policy by people in poverty. This makes for a more efficient and qualitative policy dialogue. This expertise is actively shared with the relevant city services (Social Services, Policy Participation and any other services involved). For whom People with experience with poverty who live and/or stay in Ghent. Special attention is paid to groups that the associations have had difficulty reaching so far, or have had limited access to. Proud of Together with the city services, the associations ensure greater visibility of the knowledge and expertise of the associations, and, in particular, of people personally experiencing poverty. They focus more on joint expertise development, among others on creating more impact, bringing more diversity to the voice of people in poverty, or attracting new people in poverty to the operation. In short: innovate to achieve better results. The associations found a good balance between standing up for and representing people in poverty and their loyalty to the local policy (city and PCSF). They are clearly fighting a common battle against poverty and social exclusion. During the coronavirus crisis, we managed to continue to reach people in the target group. The circumstances were challenging, but by focusing more on an individual approach and working in very small groups, we were able to reach that very vulnerable group. Some examples of completed creative, innovative or surprising initiatives: > Best Citizen: A group of people living in poverty (De Zuidsprekers) developed a ‘recipe book’ to make policy participation accessible to every citizen. > Within the framework of the neighbourhood budgets, the vzw SIVI listed the needs in the neighbourhood together with residents and supported them in elaborating the ideas and showing their projects in the neighbourhood. Using innovative methods, we entered into a dialogue with other residents with similar ideas, in order to potentially work together. These actions allowed people with experience with poverty to use their own resources and, as active citizens, to help determine the future of the neighbourhood; > Since January 2020, the vzw SIVI has been holding ‘table discussions’ with people awaiting their turn in the food distribution. Vzw SIVI translates their experiences and perceptions into signals for policy. > In the spring, two major projects were underway: housing and mobility. In mid-March, the coronavirus crisis threw a spanner in the works, eliminating the host’s meeting function. Public consultations were temporarily suspended. During that period, issues were perceived that are related to the coronavirus crisis. As soon as safety measures allowed, the table discussions were worked out in a corona-proof environment (mid-May 2020). These topics were dealt with in 2020: waste and cleanliness, housing, poverty, coronavirus crisis, a second project on mobility, digitalisation, emergency aid, tap water and leisure time. In 2020, SIVI conducted a total of 318 table discussions. 29 SDG 1: END POVERTY EVERYWHERE AND IN ALL ITS FORMS Ann, coordinator of vzw SIVI: ‘Being part of the creation of projects such as Dampoort knapT OP and seeing the project grow gives me an incredible sense of satisfaction.’ Marlies, coordinator at De Zuidpoort: ‘I am proud of my colleagues’ flexibility during the coronavirus crisis.’ For example, they translated the complicated measures into simple diagrams that could be understood by a lot of people. Fantastic!’ “ SDG 1: END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE Results In recent years, we have been setting up collaborations with, for and by people with experience with poverty. Examples are dialogue tables, Stressweg, De Zuidsprekers, working groups on education, day of resistance against poverty, culture, dignified funerals, youth work Jong Gent in Actie, experimental gardens for leisure time, setting up the Sociale Kruidenier, Gent Knapt Op. City services and the associations where people in poverty speak up made agreements in order to better streamline and structure the participation of people living in poverty. This involves the drafting and evaluation of policy plans, large long-term projects (e.g., urban renewal), bottom-up signals and ad-hoc issues. We will continue this exercise in the coming period and it may land in the Midfield Parliament to be set up. The social midfield and the associations in particular, are an essential partner in shaping Ghent policy and in taking on board the voice of people in poverty in policy decisions. With the ‘change coach’ project, the associations are supported in broadening the target group and in optimising collaboration. This project resulted in the drafting and signing of a declaration of intent between the three associations where people in poverty speak up. The website ‘Poverty Memory’ has been created in order to bundle all initiatives, actions and methodologies. Below is a selection from De Zuidpoort, SIVI and BMLIK’s annual reports: > De Zuidpoort organised 190 activities in 2019 with a total of 3,276 participants. They also won the Federal Prize for Poverty Reduction, topic Participation. > SIVI conducted a total of 318 table discussions in 2020 - see also ‘Proud of’. SIVI also succeeded in getting 85 people with a migrant background involved in various policy participation processes. > At BMLIK they switched from group work to a more individual approach during the coronavirus period. Every week, they made ‘doorstep’ visits and phone calls to 59 families. In this way, they were able to creatively organise participation, action and dialogue around a number of policy topics. Ambitions The associations and city services involved aim to reach an even wider target group, so that hard-to-reach groups/minorities can also make their voices heard. The methods and insights have since been adopted by other civil society organisations and city services. This ensures that policy participation by people in poverty is in the DNA of every city service. In this way, associations, civil society and city services are sharing the knowledge and experience they have gained yet further with each other. Challenges The associations make a very strong commitment and show great dedication to various social issues and challenges. This creates enormous time and workload pressure for the associations and their staff. As a result, core tasks are sometimes compromised. In every participation event, the duality between individual needs as opposed to social needs or a need that emanates from a particular target group often comes to

20 Eliminer la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes et partout dans le monde Comparé à l’échelle mondiale, le niveau de vie moyen en Wallonie est élevé. Toutefois, près d’un Wallon sur cinq vit dans une situation de risque de pauvreté moné￾taire, soit dans un ménage dont le revenu net équivalent est inférieur au seuil de pauvreté national (en 2014 : 1 083€ nets par mois pour un isolé ou 2 274€ pour un ménage composé de 2 adultes et 2 enfants de moins de 14 ans). Entre 6 et 10 % de la population wallonne vit dans un ménage en situation de déprivation matérielle, c'est-à￾dire qui cumule l'incapacité à accèder, pour des raisons financières, à des biens et ser￾vices et/ou à se livrer à des activités considérés comme ordinaires et/ou nécessaires. La Wallonie occupe une position médiane au sein de l’Union européenne en la matière. Pour appréhender la pauvreté, la part des bénéficiaires de l’aide sociale peut également être analysée. Celle-ci repré￾sentait, pour les 18 ans et plus, 3,4 % en 2015, alors que ce taux s’élevait à 5,8 % pour les 18-24 ans et les plus de 65 ans, indiquant que les jeunes et les personnes âgées sont plus précaires. De plus, une surreprésentation féminine est observée dans les bénéficiaires de l’aide sociale. Celle-ci augmente avec l’âge, ce qui peut être expliqué par une partici￾pation plus faible des femmes au marché du travail. Un autre phénomène étroitement lié à la pauvreté est le surendettement. En Wallonie, la part des personnes confrontées au surendettement ou à de graves difficultés financières s’accroit depuis 2006. Ainsi, la part de la population ayant été admise à la procédure de règlement collectif des dettes est passée, entre 2006 et 2015, de 0,78 % à 1,44 %. De telles difficultés financières poussent les ménages à diminuer leurs dépenses, aggravant leur situation de pauvreté. 2014 1 wallon sur 5 vit dans une situation de risque de pauvreté monétaire

50 | OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? | 51 Cet objectif est mesuré au travers de cinq indica￾teurs, permettant de suivre trois des cinq cibles relatives à l’ODD 1. Deux indicateurs permettent de suivre la cible 1.2 visant à réduire (de moitié au moins) la proportion d’hommes, de femmes et d’enfants de tout âge qui vivent dans la pauvreté : > le taux de risque de pauvreté, qui permet d’iden￾tifer les personnes vivant dans des ménages dont les ressources fnancières sont très faibles par rap￾port au standard wallon; > le taux de privation matérielle sévère, qui corres￾pond à la part de la population vivant dans un ménage qui ne peut pas, pour des raisons fnancières, se permettre certains biens et services considérés comme par la plupart des individus comme souhai￾tables, voire nécessaires, pour avoir un niveau de vie acceptable. La cible 1.3. visant à «mettre en place des systèmes et mesures de protection sociale pour tous, adaptés au contexte national, y compris des socles de protection sociale, et faire en sorte que, d’ici à 2030, une part importante des pauvres et des personnes vulnérables en bénéfcient» est mesurée par la part des majeurs bénéfciant d’allocations d’aide sociale. Cet indi￾cateur permet d’approcher l’ampleur de l’aide sociale en Wallonie qui constitue un flet social et un méca￾nisme de lutte contre la pauvreté. Deux indicateurs permettent enfn de reféter deux aspects de la cible 1.4. appliquée au contexte wallon : « d’ici à 2030, faire en sorte que tous les hommes et les femmes, en particulier les pauvres et les personnes vulnérables, aient les mêmes droits aux ressources économiques et qu’ils aient accès aux services de base, à la propriété et au contrôle des terres et à d’autres formes de propriété, à l’héri￾tage et aux ressources naturelles et à des nouvelles technologies et des services fnanciers adaptés, y compris la microfnance ». Il s’agit d’une part, de l’indicateur « part des majeurs ayant été admis à la procédure en règlement collectif de dettes » sélectionné car les personnes concernées sont confrontées au surendettement ou à de graves difcultés fnancières et en sortant d’un recouvrement de dettes, peuvent avoir un accès plus difcile à certains services et à certaines formes de propriété. D’autre part, la part des ménages ayant déclaré avoir reporté des soins de santé pour des raisons fnancières permet de mesurer l’accès aux services de santé des personnes en situation de pauvreté. La cible 1.1, relative à l’extrême pauvreté dans le monde, n’est pas pertinente pour la Wallonie et la cible 1.5 ne fait pas l’objet d’un suivi dans le cadre de cet exercice. Éliminer la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes et partout dans le monde ODD 1 50 | OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? | 51 DESCRIPTION DE L’INDICATEUR ET DES DONNÉES1 Le taux de risque de pauvreté correspond à la part de la population vivant dans un ménage dont le revenu disponible équiva￾lent (après transferts sociaux) est inférieur au seuil de pauvreté, soit 60 % du revenu dispo￾nible équivalent médian national. Le revenu disponible équivalent est défni comme le revenu total d’un ménage, après impôt et autres prélèvements, disponible en vue d’être dépensé ou épargné, divisé par le nombre de membres du ménage converti en équivalents adultes. L’équivalence entre les membres du ménage est obtenue par pondération en fonction de l’âge, à partir de l’échelle d’équi￾valence « modifée » de l’OCDE. Le taux de risque de pauvreté permet d’iden￾tifer les personnes vivant dans des ménages dont les ressources fnancières sont très faibles par rapport au standard du pays. ODD 1 Éliminer la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes et partout dans le monde. CIBLE 1.2 D’ici à 2030, réduire de moitié au moins la proportion d’hommes, de femmes et d’enfants de tout âge qui vivent dans la pauvreté, telle que définie par chaque pays et quelles qu’en soient les formes. Taux de risque de pauvreté 1. Texte rédigé sur base de la fiche La Wallonie en chiffres « Taux de risque de pauvreté » élaborée par l’IWEPS disponible sur le site : www.iweps.be. 0,0 % 0,2 % 0,4 % 0,6 % 1,0 % 1,4 % 1,2 % 0,8 % 1,6 % 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Évolution de la part de majeurs admis à la procédure de règlement collectif de dettes SOURCE : BNB, SPF ECONOMIE / CALCULS : IWEPS 0,0 % 1,0 % 2,0 % 3,0 % 5,0 % 7,0 % 6,0 % 4,0 % 8,0 % Part des majeurs bénéficiant de l’aide sociale SOURCES : SPP-IS ET STATBEL / CALCULS : IWEPS SOURCE : INSTITUT SCIENTIFIQUE DE SANTÉ PUBLIQUE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2001 2004 2008 2013 Part des ménages déclarant avoir dû postposer des soins de santé pour des raisons financières 0 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Taux de privation matérielle sévère en Belgique et dans les régions belges SOURCE : EU-SILC 2004-2018/ CALCULS : IWEPS Belgique Bruxelles Flandre Wallonie 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total 0 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 34 % 40% 45 % 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Taux de risque de pauvreté en Belgique et dans les régions belges SOURCE : EU-SILC 2004-2017/ CALCULS : IWEPS Wallonie Bruxelles Flandre Belgique Évolution non calculable > 52 | OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? | 53 Les données utilisées pour calculer cet indicateur proviennent de l’enquête SILC (Statistics on Income and Living Conditions). Cette enquête annuelle est supervisée par Eurostat, elle est destinée à fournir des infor￾mations sur le revenu et les conditions de vie des ménages privés. En Belgique, l’Ofce belge de statistique Statbel organise chaque année cette enquête depuis 2003 auprès de 6000 ménages privés. Pour cet indicateur, les intervalles de confance sont nécessaires pour rendre compte des limites de l’échantil￾lonnage de l’enquête. Deux limites de l’enquête SILC doivent être soulignées. D’une part, l’enquête visant les ménages privés, certaines populations très précarisées (en situation irrégulière ou se trouvant en institution) ne sont pas incluses dans l’échantillon. D’autre part, la fabilité et la représentativité des données à l’échelle régionale, vu la faible taille de l’échantillon à ce niveau, ne permettent pas toujours la ventilation des indicateurs. ÉVOLUTION Pour les revenus 2017, 21,8 %2 de la popula￾tion wallonne vivait dans un ménage dont le revenu net équivalent était inférieur au seuil de pauvreté, soit 1187 € net par mois pour un isolé ou 2493 € pour un ménage composé de 2 adultes et 2 enfants de moins de 14 ans. L’évolution temporelle de cet indicateur doit être observée avec prudence en raison des intervalles de confance. Les chifres sont relativement stables depuis 2003 avec toutefois une légère croissance ces dernières années. Les chifres montrent que le taux de risque de pauvreté en Wallonie est inférieur au taux bruxellois (autour de 30 %), mais supérieur au taux famand (autour de 10 %). > 2. Entre 17,6 % et 26 % avec une certitude de 95 %. OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? | 53 DESCRIPTION DE L’INDICATEUR ET DES DONNÉES1 Le taux de privation matérielle sévère correspond à la part de la population vivant dans un ménage qui ne peut pas, pour des raisons fnancières, se permettre au moins 4 des 9 biens et services suivants : payer à temps le loyer, l’emprunt hypothécaire, les charges du logement et les crédits de consommation; chaufer convenablement son logement; faire face à des dépenses imprévues (d’environ 1000 €); manger des protéines tous les deux jours; partir en vacances une semaine une fois par an (pas nécessairement à l’étranger); posséder un lave-linge; posséder une télévision; posséder une voiture et posséder un téléphone. Les données utilisées pour calculer cet indicateur proviennent de l’enquête SILC (Statistics on Income and Living Conditions). ODD 1 Éliminer la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes et partout dans le monde. CIBLE 1.2 D’ici à 2030, réduire de moitié au moins la proportion d’hommes, de femmes et d’enfants de tout âge qui vivent dans la pauvreté, telle que définie par chaque pays et quelles qu’en soient les formes. Taux de privation matérielle sévère 1. Texte rédigé sur base de la fiche La Wallonie en chiffres «Taux de privation ma￾térielle sévère» élaborée par l’IWEPS et disponible sur le site : www.iweps.be. Évolution non calculable 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Taux de privation matérielle sévère en Belgique et dans les régions belges SOURCE : EU-SILC 2004-2018/ CALCULS : IWEPS Belgique Bruxelles Flandre Wallonie 0 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % > 54 | OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? | 55 Cette enquête annuelle est supervisée par Eurostat, elle est destinée à fournir des infor￾mations sur le revenu et les conditions de vie des ménages privés. En Belgique, l’Of￾fce de statistique Statbel organise chaque année cette enquête depuis 2003 auprès de 6000 ménages privés. Pour cet indicateur, les intervalles de confance sont nécessaires pour rendre compte des limites de l’échantil￾lonnage de l’enquête. Deux limites de l’enquête SILC doivent être soulignées. D’une part, l’enquête visant les ménages privés, certaines populations très précarisées (en situation irrégulière ou se trouvant en institution) ne sont pas incluses dans l’échantillon. D’autre part, la fabilité et la représentativité des données à l’échelle régionale, vu la faible taille de l’échantillon à ce niveau, ne permettent pas toujours la ventilation des indicateurs. 2. Entre 5,9 % et 10,7 % avec une certitude de 95 %. ÉVOLUTION Le taux de privation matérielle s’élevait à 8,6 % 2 en Wallonie en 2018. Depuis 2004, on observe une diférence notable entre régions : le taux wallon varie de 6 à 10 %, le taux bruxellois de 15 à 20 % et le taux famand entre 1 et 4 %. Si l’on compare le taux wallon à celui des pays de l’Union européenne, on peut noter qu’il est plus élevé que celui des pays voisins (Luxembourg, France, Allemagne et Pays-Bas) et des pays scandinaves, mais proche de l’Ir￾lande et de certains pays méditerranéens (Espagne et Portugal) et de l’Europe de l’Est (Tchéquie, Slovaquie, Slovénie et Pologne). Par ailleurs, si l’on étudie les diférents éléments du taux de privation matérielle, on peut noter que leur proportion varie. Ainsi, l’absence de téléphone, de télévision ou de lave-linge est quasi inexistante en Wallonie alors que l’absence de réserves fnancières et l’impossibilité de partir en vacances touchent chacune entre 35 et 37 % de la population wallonne. La privation de voiture, de proté￾ines et de chaufage tout comme l’existence d’arriérés de paiement concernent chacune entre 5 et 10 % de la population. Enfn, il existe de fortes diférences selon le type de ménage. En Wallonie, les familles monoparentales et les personnes seules de moins de 65 ans sont les plus touchées par la privation matérielle sévère. En 2018, 21,4 % de la population vivant dans un ménage monoparental était concerné. > OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? | 55 Évaluation long terme 2003-2018 Évaluation court terme 2010-2018 Évolution défavorable Évolution défavorable DESCRIPTION DE L’INDICATEUR ET DES DONNÉES1 La part des majeurs bénéfciant de l’aide sociale consiste en la part de la population majeure (18 ans et plus) bénéfciaire d’alloca￾tions d’aide sociale sous forme : • du revenu d’intégration sociale (RIS) : revenu minimum octroyé par les CPAS aux personnes de 18 ans et plus ayant des ressources insuf￾fsantes et ne pouvant prétendre à un autre revenu (de remplacement); • de l’aide fnancière équivalente au RIS (ERIS) : revenu minimum octroyé par les CPAS aux personnes de 18 ans et plus ayant des ressources insufsantes et n’ayant pas droit au RIS; • et du revenu garanti et de la garantie de revenu aux personnes âgées (RG et GRAPA) : revenu minimum octroyé par l’Ofce national des Pensions aux personnes de plus de 65 ans ayant des ressources insuf￾fsantes. La GRAPA remplace le revenu ODD 1 Éliminer la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes et partout dans le monde. CIBLE 1.3 Mettre en place des systèmes et mesures de protection sociale pour tous, adaptés au contexte national, y compris des socles de protection sociale, et faire en sorte que, d’ici à 2030, une part importante des pauvres et des personnes vulnérables en bénéficient. Part des majeurs bénéficiant de l’aide sociale 1. Texte rédigé sur base des fiches « Part des revenus d’intégration chez les 18-64 ans », « Part de GRAPA chez les 65 ans et plus » et « Part des majeurs bénéficiant de l’aide sociale » élaborées par l’IWEPS et disponibles sur le site : www.iweps.be. 0,0 % 1,0 % 2,0 % 3,0 % 5,0 % 7,0 % 6,0 % 4,0 % 8,0 % Part des majeurs bénéficiant de l’aide sociale SOURCES : SPP-IS ET STATBEL / CALCULS : IWEPS 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total > 56 | OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? | 57 garanti aux personnes âgées (RG) depuis juin 2001 et coexiste depuis lors avec le RG. Cet indicateur permet d’approcher l’am￾pleur de l’aide sociale en Wallonie qui vise à garantir à chacun le droit de mener une vie conforme à la dignité humaine (article 23 de la Constitution belge) et qui constitue ainsi un flet social et un mécanisme de lutte contre la pauvreté. Les données proviennent du SPP Intégration Sociale, de l’Ofce national des pensions et de Statbel pour les données démographiques. ÉVOLUTION En 2017, en moyenne 3 % de la population wallonne âgée de 18 à 64 ans bénéfciaient d’un revenu d’intégration (RIS) ou d’une aide fnancière équivalente (ERIS). Chez les 65 ans et plus, 5,6 % bénéfciaient en 2017 de la garantie de revenu aux personnes âgées (GRAPA) ou du revenu garanti (RG). Au total, 3,7 % des majeurs étaient bénéf￾ciaires de l’aide sociale en Wallonie. Des diférences signifcatives sont obser￾vées selon les classes d’âges : les 18-24 ans et les 65 ans et plus sont les plus touchés (respectivement 7,1 % et 5,65 % en 2017) par rapport aux 45-64 ans (1,6 % en 2017), les 25-44 ans se trouvent quant à eux dans une situation intermédiaire (3,2 % en 2017). Pour chaque catégorie d’âge, une surre￾présentation des femmes est observée et celle-ci augmente avec l’âge, ce qui peut s’ex￾pliquer par une participation plus faible des femmes au marché du travail. Si le (E)RIS est plus important dans les villes, en particulier dans les bassins industriels, la GRAPA est elle relativement plus élevée dans les zones rurales. Les données montrent aussi que les écarts entre classes d’âge s’accroissent sur la période 2003-2017, les parts respectives des jeunes et des personnes âgées augmentent sur la période alors que celle des 45-64 ans est quasi constante et celle des 25-44 ans montre une évolution plus modérée. Depuis 2016, la part « des jeunes » de 18-24 ans qui reçoivent une aide sociale dépasse celle des 65 ans et plus (RG et GRAPA). La forte augmentation de la part des béné￾fciaires de l’aide sociale de 18-64 ans à partir de 2015 s’explique par la limitation dans le temps des allocations d’insertion : un certain nombre de demandeurs d’emploi perdent leurs allocations et sont contraints de demander le revenu d’intégration sociale. D’autres ne le demandent pas ou ne l’ob￾tiennent pas. La diférence de taux entre 2017 et 2014 vaut près de deux fois celle entre 2014 et 2008. > OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? | 57 Évaluation long terme 2006-2017 Évaluation court terme 2010-2017 Évolution défavorable Évolution indéterminée DESCRIPTION DE L’INDICATEUR ET DES DONNÉES La part des majeurs ayant été admis à la procédure en règlement collectif de dettes correspond au rapport des personnes de 18 ans et plus qui ont un règlement collectif de dettes en cours à la population totale au 31 décembre. Les personnes confrontées au surendette￾ment ou à de graves difcultés fnancières peuvent faire appel à la procédure de règle￾ment collectif de dettes. Cette procédure judiciaire de médiation de dettes vise à la fois à leur permettre, dans la mesure du possible, d’honorer leurs dettes, mais également à leur assurer ainsi qu’à leur famille de pouvoir vivre dignement aussi bien pendant qu’après la procédure. Les données sur le nombre de procédures de règlement collectif de dettes sont trans￾mises par les tribunaux du travail à la Centrale des crédits aux particuliers de la Banque Nationale de Belgique. Elles sont disponibles pour la période 2006-2017. Les données démographiques proviennent du SPF Économie. ÉVOLUTION La part des majeurs ayant été admis à la procédure en règlement collectif de dettes augmente sur la période 2006-2017, passant de 0,78 % à 1,32 %. L’indicateur est en légère diminution depuis 2014, année où il avait atteint 1,45 %. Celle-ci pourrait être expliquée (du moins en partie) par un durcissement ODD 1 Éliminer la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes et partout dans le monde. CIBLE 1.4 D’ici à 2030, faire en sorte que tous les hommes et les femmes, en particulier les pauvres et les personnes vulnérables, aient les mêmes droits aux ressources économiques et qu’ils aient accès aux services de base, à la propriété et au contrôle des terres et à d’autres formes de propriété, à l’héritage et aux ressources naturelles et à des nouvelles technologies et des services financiers adaptés, y compris la microfinance. Part des majeurs ayant été admis à la procédure en règlement collectif de dettes dans l’application des règles d’admissibilité à la procédure. L’évolution du nombre de nouvelles procédures devra être observée dans les prochaines années pour évaluer si cette tendance témoigne d’un retrait du surendettement. 0,0 % 0,2 % 0,4 % 0,6 % 1,0 % 1,4 % 1,2 % 0,8 % 1,6 % 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Évolution de la part de majeurs admis à la procédure de règlement collectif de dettes SOURCE : BNB, SPF ECONOMIE / CALCULS : IWEPS 0,0 % 1,0 % 2,0 % 3,0 % 5,0 % 7,0 % 6,0 % 4,0 % 8,0 % Part des majeurs bénéficiant de l’aide sociale SOURCES : SPP-IS ET STATBEL / CALCULS : IWEPS SOURCE : INSTITUT SCIENTIFIQUE DE SANTÉ PUBLIQUE 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2001 2004 2008 2013 Part des ménages déclarant avoir dû postposer des soins de santé pour des raisons financières 0 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Taux de privation matérielle sévère en Belgique et dans les régions belges SOURCE : EU-SILC 2004-2018/ CALCULS : IWEPS Belgique Bruxelles Flandre Wallonie 18-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Total 0 % 5 % 10 % 15 % 20 % 25 % 30 % 34 % 40% 45 % 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Taux de risque de pauvreté en Belgique et dans les régions belges SOURCE : EU-SILC 2004-2017/ CALCULS : IWEPS Wallonie Bruxelles Flandre Belgique 58 | OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? | 59 Part des ménages déclarant avoir dû postposer des soins de santé pour des raisons financières ODD 1 Éliminer la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes et partout dans e monde. CIBLE 1.4 Mettre en place des systèmes et mesures de protection sociale pour tous, adaptés au contexte national, y compris des socles de protection sociale, et faire en sorte que, d’ici à 2030, une part importante des pauvres et des personnes vulnérables en bénéficient. DESCRIPTION DE L’INDICATEUR ET DES DONNÉES L’indicateur est calculé au niveau du ménage et non pas au niveau individuel. Ainsi, un ménage a reporté des soins de santé pour des raisons fnancières si au moins un membre de ce ménage a eu besoin de soins au cours des 12 mois qui ont précédé l’enquête, mais que le ménage n’a pas pu les payer. Les soins de santé comprennent : les consultations auprès d’un médecin (généraliste ou spécia￾liste), d’un dentiste ou d’un psychologue/ psychiatre, une opération chirurgicale, l’achat de médicaments prescrits ou l’achat de lunettes. Il s’agit d’un indicateur construit sur base de l’enquête de santé menée par l’Institut scientifque de Santé Publique au cours de laquelle des ménages répondent à la ques￾tion suivante : « Au cours des 12 derniers mois, votre ménage a-t-il été confronté avec une situation où l’un d’entre vous a eu besoin de soins qu’il n’a pas pu se payer? » Cette enquête est réalisée tous les 3 à 5 ans depuis 1997 auprès de 3500 personnes en Région wallonne. ÉVOLUTION La part de ménages qui déclarent avoir dû postposer des soins de santé au cours des 12 derniers mois pour des raisons fnancières est en diminution sur la période 2004-2013. En 2013, elle représentait près de 9 % en Wallonie, 5 % en Flandre et 22 % à Bruxelles. Cette part atteignait en Wallonie 14,5 % en 2004 et 13,9 % en 2008. Notons que la nécessité de devoir reporter des soins de santé est liée au niveau d’instruction: en Wallonie, 17 % des ménages appartenant au niveau d’instruction le plus faible disaient devoir reporter leur consommation médicale contre 6 % pour les ménages avec un niveau d’instruction élevé. Des conclusions simi￾laires peuvent être apportées concernant le lien entre le niveau des revenus des ménages et le report des soins de santé. Évolution non calculable SOURCE : INSTITUT SCIENTIFIQUE DE SANTÉ PUBLIQUE 0,0 % 2,0 % 4,0 % 6,0 % 8,0 % 10,0 % 12,0 % 14,0 % 16,0 % Part des ménages déclarant avoir dû postposer des soins de santé pour des raisons financières 2001 2004 2008 2013 OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? | 59

OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE? | 25 Progrès de la Wallonie vers les Objectifs de développement durable : analyse des indicateurs 24 | OÙ EN EST LA WALLONIE PAR RAPPORT AUX OBJECTIFS DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ? Éliminer la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes et partout dans le monde C omparé à l’échelle mondiale, le niveau de vie moyen en Wallonie est élevé. Toutefois, plusieurs indicateurs montrent un phénomène signifcatif de pauvreté. Un Wallon sur cinq vit dans une situation de risque de pauvreté monétaire, soit dans un ménage dont le revenu net équiva￾lent est inférieur au seuil de pauvreté national (en 2017 : 1 187 € nets par mois pour un isolé ou 2 493 € pour un ménage composé de 2 adultes et 2 enfants de moins de 14 ans). Entre 6 et 11 % de la population wallonne vit dans un ménage qui ne peut pas, pour des raisons fnancières, posséder les biens et services et/ou se livrer à des activités considérées comme ordinaires et/ou nécessaires. La Wallonie occupe une position médiane au sein de l’Union européenne en la matière. La part des bénéfciaires d’allocations d’aide sociale est en augmentation en Wallonie sur la période 2003-2017. En 2017, celle-ci représentait 3,7 % des Wallon.ne.s tous âges confondus. Ce taux s’élevait à 7,1 % pour les 18-24 ans et à 5,7 % pour les plus de 65 ans, indiquant que les jeunes et les personnes âgées sont plus précaires. De plus, une surreprésentation féminine est observée dans les bénéfciaires de l’aide sociale. Celle-ci augmente avec l’âge, ce qui peut être expliqué par une participation plus faible des femmes au marché du travail. Un autre phénomène étroitement lié à la pauvreté est le surendettement. En Wallonie, la part des personnes confrontées au surendettement ou à de graves difcultés fnancières s’accroît depuis 2006. Ainsi, la part de la popu￾lation ayant été admise à la procédure de règlement collectif des dettes est passée, entre 2006 et 2017, de 0,78 % à 1,32 %. De telles difcultés fnancières poussent les ménages à diminuer leurs dépenses, aggravant leur situation de pauvreté. La part des ménages wallons ayant déclaré avoir reporté des soins de santé pour des raisons fnancières s’élevait à 9 % en 2013. Les ménages disposant des plus faibles revenus sont bien sûr davantage touchés, de même que ceux disposant d’un faible niveau d’instruction. Taux de risque de pauvreté monétaire en 2017 : Part des majeurs bénéficiant d’allocations d’aide sociale en 2017. Wallon sur 1 5 3,7%

25 ODS 1 Fin de la pobreza REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: EL ALTO 26 ODS 1: Fin de la Pobreza Poner fin a la pobreza en todas sus formas en todo el mundo Metas priorizadas: • Meta 1.2 Para 2030, reducir al menos a la mitad la propor￾ción de hombres, mujeres, niños y niñas de todas las edades que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arre￾glo a las defniciones nacionales. • Meta 1.a Garantizar una movilización importante de recur￾sos procedentes de diversas fuentes, incluso mediante la mejora de la cooperación para el desarrollo, a fn de propor￾cionar medios sufcientes y previsibles para los países en desarrollo, en particular los países menos adelantados, para poner en práctica programas y políticas encaminados a po￾ner fn a la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones. 37% Proporción de la población urbana del departamento de La Paz vive por debajo del umbral nacional de pobreza24. 2019 26 % del presupuesto del Gobierno Autónomo Municipal, en el 2020, se destinó a servicios esenciales de salud, educación y atención a población vulnerable. 36% 66,9% Necesidades Básicas Insatisfecha 10,7% Educación 4% Protección social 11,9% Salud 24 Encuesta de Hogares, INE, 2019. 25 CNPV, INE, 2001 y 2012. Poner fn a la pobreza en todas sus formas es uno de los principales desafíos globales y el primer Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible. El Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de El Alto tiene el propósito de ayudar a crear un entorno propicio para generar empleo productivo y oportu￾nidades de empleo para los pobres y los marginados. Busca garantizar el acceso a servicios integrales que sirvan a toda la población, sin nin￾gún tipo de exclusión, y haciendo esfuerzos particulares por cobijar a las poblaciones con mayor vulnerabilidad. De acuerdo con la última medición censal (2012), el 36% de la pobla￾ción en el municipio se encontraba en situación de pobreza bajo el enfoque de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI). Si bien existe un avance signifcativo respecto al 2001 —66,9% en el censo de ese año— el reto de vencer la vulnerabilidad y la pobreza es aún muy relevante. Estas cifras son cercanas a la estimación de pobreza monetaria en el nivel departamental urbano. En 2019, alrededor del 37,2% de la po￾blación urbana del municipio de El Alto vivía por debajo del umbral nacional de pobreza. La pobreza tiene un componente territorial importante. La Figura 2 mues￾tra la concentración espacial de la pobreza por NBI en las áreas urbanas más periféricas, especialmente en los distritos 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13 y 14, que aglomeran a la población con carencia de servicios básicos, que reside en viviendas que no reúnen las condiciones apropiadas, que tienen bajos niveles de educación y/o tienen inadecuada atención de salud. El análi￾de la población municipal 2012 de la población municipal 200125 REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: EL ALTO 27 35 Encuesta de Hogares, INE, (2020). 36 Para el municipio de Santa Cruz de la Sierra la línea de pobreza en el área urbana se establece en 839,41 Bolivianos por persona al mes (INE, en base a los datos de precios promedio al consumidor para las 9 ciudades capitales). sis por componentes del NBI, muestra que los principales retos en el municipio se encuentran en insufcientes espacios en vivienda (57,4%) e insufciencias en salud y educación (34,2% y 34,5% respectivamente) (ver fguras 2,3 y 4). La pobreza afecta de manera desproporciona￾da a algunos grupos poblacionales específcos como: adultos mayores, personas con disca￾pacidad y población indígena. De acuerdo con el análisis socioespacial de ONU-Habitat, ela￾borado con base en la información del Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda de 2012, la población indígena en el municipio reside en las áreas de mayor pobreza multidimensional (ver Figura 3). La migración campo-ciudad de las últimas décadas se ha localizado en el margen occidental del municipio, conforman￾do asentamientos informales con insufciente dotación de servicios públicos y defciencias importantes en la calidad de las viviendas. Según las proyecciones del INE, a 2021, el 7% de la población del municipio son adultos ma￾yores. El 90% de los adultos mayores llegan de provincias y comunidades aledañas y son monolingües aymaras, lo que los aísla y pone en desventaja frente al resto de la población. Este grupo poblacional es particularmente afectado por la pobreza: el 70% de los adul￾tos mayores son pobres y viven sobre todo en los distritos rurales. Un porcentaje impor￾tante de adultos mayores sobreviven solo con la Renta Dignidad (Bs 350,00) teniendo que cubrir la alimentación, vestimenta y en algunos casos el pago de servicios básicos y alquileres de habitación. Según el Sistema del Programa de Registro Único Nacional de Personas con Discapacidad (SIPRUNPCD) del Ministerio de Salud y Deportes, al mes de abril del 2022, se tienen registradas 7.799 personas con discapacidad en el munici￾pio de El Alto. Esta población está caracteriza￾da por su situación de pobreza, discriminación y limitadas oportunidades de acceso a educa￾ción, servicios de salud y empleo. Frente a esta Figura 2. Incidencia de la pobreza por NBI en el municipio de El Alto realidad, se promulgó la Ley Municipal N° 457 de personas con discapacidad (28 de noviem￾bre de 2017), que tiene por objeto garantizar la promoción y ejecución progresiva de políticas públicas municipales destinadas a la inclusión efectiva y la accesibilidad de las personas con discapacidad en el municipio de El Alto. Esta Ley fue reglamentada por el Decreto Municipal N° 126 del 22 de octubre de 2020. Fuente: Elaboración ONU-Habitat, en base al Censo de Población y Vivienda, 2012. Fondo de mapa: OSM. REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: EL ALTO 28 Impacto del COVID-19 De acuerdo con el Banco Mundial, más de 97 millones de per￾sonas en el mundo fueron encaminadas a la pobreza en 2020. Las estimaciones para Bolivia de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) muestran un aumento del 3,9% en la pobreza extrema del país a causa del COVID-1926. Adicional a lo anterior, la crisis económica originada por la COVID-19 retrasó los esfuerzos mundiales en materia de la lucha contra la pobreza, exponiendo brechas económicas y aumentando los márgenes mundiales de la población vulne￾rable. Para hacer frente a la pandemia, el Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de El Alto aumentó considerablemente su inversión en servicios esenciales como salud, educación y protección so￾cial, para mitigar los efectos de la crisis sobre la población alte￾ña, por ejemplo, el 26,6% del gasto público total del municipio se destinó a estos tres sectores el año 2020. 28% 23% 18% 2015 19,08% 20,23% 21,66% 25,11% 22,78% 26,64% 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025 2030 Figura 4. Proporción del gasto público total que se dedica a servi￾cios esenciales (educación, salud y protección social) Figura 3. Población indígena y NBI en el municipio de El Alto Fuente: Elaboración ONU-Habitat, en base al Censo de Población y Vivienda, 2012. Fondo de mapa: OSM. Fuente: Sistema SIGEP - información municipal (2022) 26 CEPAL, Enfrentar los efectos cada vez mayores del COVID-19 para una reacti￾vación con igualdad: nuevas proyecciones, 2020. REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: EL ALTO 29 Metas voluntarias a 2025: • Mantener la inversión municipal en servicios esenciales por encima del 26% del gasto público municipal. Acciones para lograr el cumplimiento del Objetivo: I. PROGRAMA DE ATENCIÓN A NIÑAS, NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES EN CENTROS DE ACOGIDA Este programa busca promover acciones a fn de dar celeridad en el acceso a la justicia, en la jurisdicción de Niñez y Adolescencia, y el seguimiento a los casos en los centros de acogida para la restitución de los derechos, de acuerdo con la Ley N° 548 Código del Niño, Niña y Adolescente. Coordina con 17 centros de acogida públicos y privados para que los niños que perdieron el cuidado familiar permanezcan en estos espacios hasta la restitución de esa situación legal. El programa cuenta con tres proyectos: reintegración familiar, prevención secundaria y familia sustituta. Con la conformación del Comité del Niño, Niña y Adolescente del municipio de El Alto, se trabaja en capacitaciones en prevención del embarazo ado￾lescente, en prevención de violencia contra este grupo etario y la mujer y en prevención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Promueve la participación y liderazgo de niños en otros espacios. II. PROGRAMA PROYECTO CALLE Su objetivo es integrar en la sociedad a personas en situación de calle con acompañamiento social y psicológico permanente. Se tiene en promedio 190 participantes, quienes se deben reincorporar a su espacio social y se prevé, para 2025, ampliar los espacios y las acciones para albergar a más personas, además de atender a personas no solamente en situación de calle sino también en situación de pobreza y pobreza extrema. III. VEJEZ ACTIVA Y SALUD INTEGRAL Brinda servicios de salud integral dirigidos a promover un envejecimiento digno, activo y saludable con la implementación de actividades de partici￾pación e integración de la población adulta en tres áreas: fsioterapia–ki￾nesiología, enfermería y actividades físico-socio-recreativas. Mejora el bienestar físico, cognitivo y emocional del adulto mayor con la práctica de actividades socio-recreativas, físicas, deportivas, campañas de salud ocular, odontológicas y la atención primaria en salud con una cober￾tura de 17.469 benefciarios. IV. POTENCIALIDADES DEL ADULTO MAYOR Fortalece, promueve y rescata las potencialidades y valores de las perso￾nas adultas mayores para transmitirlas a las nuevas generaciones, impul￾sando la autovalencia, el desarrollo productivo y educacional en benefcio de una cultura de sana convivencia. Ofrece 4 proyectos en curso: a) terapia ocupacional productiva del adulto mayor, b) encuentros intergeneraciona￾les del adulto mayor, c) alfabetización y post alfabetización del adulto ma￾yor y d) fortalecimiento de Auqui Utas y asociaciones de adultos mayores con 11.756 benefciarios. V. DEFENSA Y RESTITUCIÓN DE DERECHOS DEL ADULTO MAYOR Se cuenta con un equipo psico-socio-legal que orienta, valora, evalúa y vi￾sita a los adultos mayores con una cobertura de alrededor de 5.720 bene￾fciarios. REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: EL ALTO 30 Se promueve, difunde y sensibiliza acerca de los derechos de las personas adultas mayores, se fortalece el ejercicios de sus derechos con creden￾ciales únicas y se cuenta con un espacio temporal seguro de protección y atención integral a la persona adulta víctima de maltrato, abandono, indi￾gencia, extravío y/o abuso sexual en el Hogar Transitorio 24 horas. VI. PROGRAMA GESTIÓN DE APOYO Y DEFENSA DE DERECHOS DE LAS PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD Brinda servicios psico-socio-legales integrales de apoyo y defensa de derechos de las personas con discapacidad a través de la difusión de la normativa, los derechos, los deberes y la defensa de las personas con discapacidad, del desarrollo y la capacitación en el sistema de escritura Braille y de lengua de señas boliviana, de asesoramiento gratuito, entre otras cuestiones. Se cuenta con una Plataforma de Orientación y Atención Psico-socio-legal de Personas con Discapacidad para la defensa, protección y restitución de sus derechos. VII. PROGRAMA DE PREVENCIÓN Y ATENCIÓN INTEGRAL A LA PERSONA CON DISCAPACIDAD Brinda servicios orientados a contribuir a la disminución de la discapacidad mediante la prevención y rehabilitación con un enfoque de Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad (RBC), mediante los centros de Apoyo Integral Comunitario (CAIC) y el equipo móvil, en las especialidades de: fsioterapia, psicopedagogía, educación especial, psicología, trabajo social y servicios de fonoaudiología a demanda. Promueve la educación inclusiva en las unidades educativas. VIII. PROGRAMA DE GESTIÓN DE OPORTUNIDADES SOCIOECONÓMICAS PARA PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD Fortalece las capacidades técnicas y habilidades de empleabilidad de las personas con discapacidad, a través del potenciamiento de habilidades y capacidades para la autonomía e independencia, capacitación y formación técnica laboral con una enfoque de emprendimiento, interacción entre per￾sonas con y sin discapacidad, sensibilización y capacitación al sector priva￾do y personal de recursos humanos. Realiza el pago del Bono Mensual para Personas con Discapacidad Grave y Muy Grave a un total de 3.740 benefciarios habilitados por la Plataforma “Eustaquio Moto Méndez”, dependiente del Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Previsión Social, en sus dos modalidades de pago: punto fjo y brigada móvil. | Foto: Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de El Alto

Poner fin a la pobreza en todas sus formas en todo el mundo. OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE 1 META ODS 1.3 Poner en práctica a nivel nacional sistemas y medidas apropiadas de protección social para todos, incluidos niveles mínimos, y, para 2030, lograr una amplia cobertura de los pobres y los vulnerables. 1.4 Para 2030, garantizar que todos los hombres y mujeres, en particular los pobres y los vulnerables, tengan los mismos derechos a los recursos económicos, así como acceso a los servicios básicos, la propiedad y el control de las tierras y otros bienes, la herencia, los recursos naturales, las nuevas tecnologías apropiadas y los servicios financieros, incluida la microfinanciación. 1.5 Para 2030, fomentar la resiliencia de los pobres y las personas que se encuentran en situaciones vulnerables y reducir su exposición y vulnerabilidad a los fenómenos extremos relacionados con el clima y otras crisis y desastres económicos, sociales y ambientales. Eje 4. Feliz, intercultural e incluyente Subeje. Inclusiva y equitativa Programa: Derechos ciudadanos Género y generacionales Eje 3. Viva, dinámica y ordenanda Subeje. Desarrollo territorial Programa: Planifcación y ordenamiento territorial Eje 2. Protegida, segura y resiliente Subeje. Gestión integral de riesgos Programa: Prevención de desastres Atención de emergencias Recuperación y reconstrucción Vista Sopocachi Fuente: Juan Pablo Revollo Fernandez OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE Y SU LOCALIZACIÓN EN EL MUNICIPIO DE LA PAZ 22 La reducción de la pobreza en Bolivia es una responsabilidad compartida entre todos los niveles de gobierno. Las tareas específicas se establecen a partir de las competencias asignadas a cada nivel en la normativa vigente. La pobreza en el municipio de La Paz se redujo de manera significativa en las dos últimas décadas. En el año 2001, 34,5% de los hogares en La Paz presentaban una o más carencias relacionadas con: materiales y/o espacios en la vivienda; provisión de servicios básicos; educación, salud –o sea, 35 de cada 100 personas eran pobres por Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas NBI-; de acuerdo a la Encuesta municipal de pobreza, este porcentaje se redujo a 19,7% el año 2012, lo que representaba una reducción de prácticamente 15 puntos porcentuales en el período mencionado. Observando la pobreza desde la perspectiva de ingresos (método de línea de pobreza), esta se redujo en 14 puntos porcentuales entre los años 2001 y 2016, lo que implicaba que el año 2001 alrededor de la mitad de las personas de municipio (51,5%) no tenía los suficientes ingresos para satisfacer de manera mínima sus requerimientos alimenticios, de vivienda, salud, etc.; luego de 15 años, el 2016, este porcentaje se redujo a 37,6%; siendo la pobreza por ingresos uno de los problemas más difíciles de eliminar. Gráfco 1: Municipio de La Paz: Incidencia de pobreza por ingresos (2016) y Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (2012) respecto al 2001 (En porcentaje) Fuente: Encuesta municipal de pobreza – 2012; Encuesta municipal a hogares SISMA - 2016. Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda - 2001 Los macrodistritos rurales (Hampaturi y Zongo) son los más afectados por este fenómeno, más de la mitad de la población que reside en ellos era pobre por cualquier enfoque; mientras que, en área urbana, el macrodistrito Sur tenía niveles muy bajos de pobreza. Cuadro 3: Municipio de La Paz: Incidencia de pobreza por ingresos (2016) y Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (2012) (En porcentaje) DESCRIPCIÓN INCIDENCIA DE POBREZA INGRESOS (2016) NECESIDADES BÁSICAS INSATISFECHAS (2012) MUNICIPIO DE LA PAZ 37,6 19,7 Cotahuma 42,8 18,5 Max Paredes 40,0 22,3 Periférica 41,4 20,5 San Antonio 41,9 19,5 Sur 23,9 19,5 Mallasa 30,2 33,6 Centro 26,8 9,9 Hampaturi 51,7 76,0 Zongo 58,9 69,5 Fuente: Encuesta municipal de pobreza – 2012; Encuesta municipal a hogares SISMA - 2016. A partir de datos de la Encuesta municipal a hogares SISMA7 , durante el año 2016, cerca al 25% de la población se consideraba pobre y poco más del 60% de los habitantes se consideraba feliz. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 NBI LÍNEA PORCENTAJE DE POBRES 34.5 19.7 51.5 37.6 2001 2012 (NBI), 2016 (LÍNEA) PORCENTAJE DE POBRES 7 Su objetivo es evaluar diversos aspectos relacionados con las características de las personas y hogares del municipio de La Paz para hacer el respectivo seguimiento al Plan Integral “La Paz 2040”. SISMA significa Sistema de Seguimiento, Monitoreo y Ajuste al Plan Integral “La Paz 2040”. OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE Y SU LOCALIZACIÓN EN EL MUNICIPIO DE LA PAZ 23 6 5 3 1 7 8 9 2 4 20 19 18 21 16 11 14 13 15 17 12 10 SUR CENTRO COTAHUMA PERIFÉRICA SAN ANTONIO MAX PAREDES MALLASA Irpavi Ovejuyo Mallasa Obrajes Calacoto Achumani El Tejar Cota Cota Pura Pura Achachicala Bajo Llojeta Chuquiaguillo Villa Armonía Chamoco Chico 23 22 Yanacachi Palca Coroico El Alto Pucarani Guanay Caranavi ZONGO HAMPATURI Límite Municipal Límite Macrodistrital Límite Distrital Sistema de Referencia: WGS 84 Sistema de Proyección: UTM Zona 19 SUR En porcentaje de personas pobres 12,9% - 23,8% 23,9% - 36,3% 36,4% - 44,7% 44,8% - 58,9% 2 1 0 2 Km 6 5 3 1 7 8 9 2 4 20 19 18 21 16 11 14 13 15 17 12 10 SUR CENTRO COTAHUMA PERIFÉRICA SAN ANTONIO MAX PAREDES MALLASA Irpavi Ovejuyo Mallasa Obrajes Calacoto Achumani El Tejar Cota Cota Pura Pura Achachicala Bajo Llojeta Chuquiaguillo Villa Armonía Chamoco Chico 23 22 Yanacachi Palca Coroico El Alto Pucarani Guanay Caranavi ZONGO HAMPATURI Límite Municipal Límite Macrodistrital Límite Distrital Sistema de Referencia: WGS 84 Sistema de Proyección: UTM Zona 19 SUR 2 1 0 2 Km En porcentaje de personas pobres 0,9% - 10,1% 10,2% - 23,8% 23,9% - 41,5% 41,6% - 76,0% El GAMLP realiza acciones que contribuyen a la reducción de la pobreza en el municipio de manera directa e indirecta. Estas influyen de distintas maneras en el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los paceños. Entre las acciones directas se cuenta con: el pago de Prestaciones de Servicio de Salud Integral (PSSI) que benefician a niños menores de 5 años, mujeres embarazadas y personas de la tercera edad; la transferencia de recursos para el pago de la Renta Dignidad destinado a personas de la tercera edad; y el pago del bono para discapacitados. Además de las baterías sanitarias entregadas por el programa Mapa Nº 3. Municipio de La Paz: Incidencia de pobreza por ingresos, 2016 Fuente: Secretaría Municipal de Planificacion para el Desarrollo Elaboración: Secretaría Municipal de Planificación para el Desarrollo Dirección de Investigación e Información Municipal. Mapa Nº 4. Municipio de La Paz: Incidencia de pobreza por Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas, 2012 Fuente: Secretaría Municipal de Planificacion para el Desarrollo Elaboración: Secretaría Municipal de Planificación para el Desarrollo Dirección de Investigación e Información Municipal. Barrios y Comunidades de Verdad; las raciones diarias del desayuno escolar que benefician con la nutrición de los estudiantes; las mochilas escolares que se entregan en todos los niveles educativos y; la dotación de mobiliario que da la comodidad a los estudiantes. Por otro lado, entre las acciones indirectas se cuenta con: la reducción de riesgos debido a la prevención estructural (construcción y mantenimiento); la pronta atención de emergencias ante cualquier evento físico-natural; las regularizaciones de derecho propietario del programa Barrios y Comunidades de Verdad que legitiman la propiedad; la atención oportuna por los servicios de salud que brindan los hospitales de segundo nivel a la población del municipio; la atención de niños en centros infantiles; los Servicios Legales e Integrales para la Mujer – SLIMS; la provisión de materiales y equipos. ACCIONES DEL GOBIERNO AUTÓNOMO MUNICIPAL DE LA PAZ OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE Y SU LOCALIZACIÓN EN EL MUNICIPIO DE LA PAZ 24 ODS 1.3. PONER EN PRÁCTICA A NIVEL NACIONAL SISTEMAS Y MEDIDAS APROPIADAS DE PROTECCIÓN SOCIAL PARA TODOS. Bolivia tiene importantes problemas de violencia y discriminación, es así, que el GAMLP busca enfrentar esta realidad a través de la atención integral en diferentes centros municipales, que brindan atención a niños, niñas, adolescentes, mujeres y adultos mayores. El municipio de La Paz, en 2017 contaba con 110 centros pensados en la atención de la población vulnerable, donde destacaban 6 albergues y casas de acogida, 19 centros de día para niños y jóvenes, 5 centros de información juvenil, 3 centros de rehabilitación, 40 centros infantiles municipales (guarderías), 25 espacios comunales del adulto mayor, 11 plataformas de atención integral a la familia y un centro terapéutico central. Todos distribuidos en los diferentes macrodistritos. Entre 2010 y 2017 los centros infantiles municipales atendieron a más de 20 mil niños y niñas. Estos centros atendien además temas relacionados a conductas agresivas en los niños y niñas, dificultad de adaptación de niños/niñas al centro infantil, problemas en la conducta de niños/niñas, pautas de crianza y evaluación psicológica. De igual manera los centros de día atendieron en 2017 a más de 700 niños y niñas (de 6 a 16 años), brindándoles atención basada en 4 ejes de desarrollo divididos de la siguiente manera: Desarrollo Social y de la Personalidad, Psicológico y Emocional, Desarrollo Físico y Motriz, y el Cognitivo Intelectual, que fortalecen el desarrollo social y la personalidad de los niños y niñas beneficiarios del proyecto. Los centros de información juvenil atendieron a más de 114 mil jóvenes entre 2010 y 2017. Estos centros ofrecen cursos de apoyo escolar (inglés, aymara, matemáticas, física, química, ortografía, gramática, computación), y durante las vacaciones escolares también dan cursos de baile moderno, folklórico, k-pop, capoeira, ajedrez, break dance, guitarra, charango, dibujo, pintado de uñas e instrumentos nativos. Los espacios comunales del adulto mayor buscan prevenir el deterioro acelerado de capacidades físicas, cognitivas y emocionales y coadyuvar al ejercicio de derechos y a la integración social. Las plataformas de atención integral a la familia atendieron más de 21 mil casos entre 2010 y 2017. Brindan servicios públicos de defensa psico-socio-jurídica gratuitos, que garantizan a mujeres y hombres, adultos mayores y personas con discapacidad en situación de violencia la restitución de sus derechos, amparados en la normativa vigente. Además de los centros antes mencionados el GAMLP cuenta con servicios de: Defensorías de la Niñez y Adolescencia Macrodistritales, Defensoría de la Niñez y la Adolescencia Especializada en materia Penal, Defensoría de la niñez y la adolescencia Especializada Hogares, Defensoría Terminal. Donde la atención se da con un enfoque sistémico y el modelo de atención en el día. Entre las gestiones 2010 y 2017 estas defensorías atendieron más de 50 mil casos. Entre las gestiones 2010 y 2016 el GAMLP invirtió más de Bs. 160 millones en la atención de los sectores vulnerables del municipio a través de los diferentes servicios con los que cuenta. ACCIONES DEL GOBIERNO AUTÓNOMO MUNICIPAL DE LA PAZ OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE Y SU LOCALIZACIÓN EN EL MUNICIPIO DE LA PAZ 25 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6 5 3 1 7 8 9 2 4 20 19 18 21 16 11 14 13 15 17 12 10 SUR CENTRO COTAHUMA PERIFÉRICA SAN ANTONIO MAX PAREDES MALLASA Irpavi Ovejuyo Mallasa Obrajes Calacoto Achumani El Tejar Cota Cota Pura Pura Achachicala Bajo Llojeta Chuquiaguillo Villa Armonía Chamoco Chico Límite Municipal Límite Macrodistrital Límite Distrital Sistema de Referencia: WGS 84 Sistema de Proyección: UTM Zona 19 SUR En número ! Albergues y casas de acogida (6) ! Centros de dia (19) ! Centros de información juvenil (5) ! Centros de rehabilitación (3) ! Centros infantiles municipales (40) ! Espacios del adulto mayor (25) ! Plataformas de atención a la familia (11) 2 1 0 2 Km Centro terapeutico municipal (1) Mapa Nº 2. Municipio de La Paz: Centros de desarrollo social por tipo, 2017 Fuente: Secretaría Municipal de Desarrollo Social Elaboración: Secretaría Municipal de Planificación para el Desarrollo Dirección de Investigación e Información Municipal. N

35 ODS 1 Fin de la pobreza REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: LA PAZ 36 ODS 1: Fin de la Pobreza Poner fin a la pobreza en todas sus formas en todo el mundo Abordar la pobreza a nivel local implica garantizar que los habitantes tengan acceso a servicios integrales para protegerse contra los impactos económicos, sociales y ambientales. En Bolivia, estas competencias están dividas entre Entidades Territoriales Autónomas y el nivel central del Estado, convirtiendo la erradicación de la pobreza en todas sus formas en una responsabilidad compartida entre niveles de gobierno. El acceso a servicios esenciales y protección ante even￾tos adversos está usualmente vinculado al nivel de ingresos de los hogares. El objetivo de la política del GAM de La Paz consiste en romper esta relación, garantizando: salud, educación y empleo de calidad, acceso a cuidado infantil y a redes comunitarias, entre otros servicios bási￾cos; independientemente del nivel de ingresos de sus habitantes. REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: LA PAZ 37 34 El porcentaje considera los no pobres con distancia al umbral de privación. 35 Proporción de hogares que no cuentan con los ingresos sufcientes para satisfacer los requerimientos mínimos de alimentación, vivienda, salud, etc. 36 Encuesta Municipal ODS, 2018. 37 Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de La Paz (2013). Medición de la pobreza en el municipio de La Paz. En las últimas décadas, el municipio de La Paz ha dado importantes pasos en términos de reducción de la pobreza. Mientras que en 2001 la pobreza medida a través del Índice de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas era del 34,5%, para el 2018 esta proporción se había reducido al 32%34. De manera similar, desde la perspectiva de ingresos, en 2012 la incidencia de la pobreza monetaria35 en el municipio era del 33,8%, mientras que para el 2018 decreció hasta el 25,9%. Sin embargo, en términos de erradicación de la pobreza, aún existen dos grandes re￾tos para el municipio. En primer lugar, la pandemia del COVID-19 expuso importantes brechas en los sistemas de protección y se￾guridad social. Asimismo, los efectos de la crisis económica derivada de la emergencia sanitaria revirtieron parte de los avances al￾canzados hasta el momento en materia de política social, y sus efectos de largo plazo aún están por conocerse. Por esta razón, una de las prioridades del GAM de La Paz consis￾te en la recolección y análisis de información permanente y rigurosa, que permita la toma de decisiones informadas para enfrentar de manera efcaz los retos derivados de la pan￾demia por COVID-19. El segundo gran reto en materia de pobreza para el municipio tiene que ver con la rurali￾dad. Mientras que los macrodistritos más centrales y urbanos, como el Centro y Sur, tie￾nen niveles de pobreza monetaria cercanos al 20,5% y 22,4% respectivamente, mientras los distritos rurales de Hampaturi y Zongo presentan tasas del 29,4% y 48,7%36. Esta brecha se ahonda cuando la pobreza es ana￾lizada desde el enfoque de Necesidades Bási￾cas Insatisfechas, en este caso la diferencia entre los distritos supera los 40 puntos por￾centuales, específcamente, las tasas reporta￾das para los macrodistritos Sur y Centro son 24,9% y 18,9%, mientras que las de Hampaturi y Zongo corresponden a 72,2% y 73,2%, res￾pectivamente. De acuerdo con los datos del último Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda (2012), uno de los principales problemas relacionado con las Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas es el hacinamiento y la falta de habitaciones en las viviendas, que afecta sobre todo a los macro￾distritos de Max Paredes (54,1%) y Periférica (44,6%), así como a los macrodistritos rurales, con valores por encima del 70% en Zongo y Hampaturi37. Ahora, dentro del UMF se abordan dos aproxi￾maciones importantes a la pobreza, que sue￾len quedar por fuera del análisis tradicional. La primera de ellas hace referencia a la segu￾ridad de la tenencia de la tierra y la propiedad, el indicador UMF se relaciona con la meta 1.4 de los ODS “De aquí a 2030, garantizar que todos los hombres y mujeres, en particular los pobres y los vulnerables, tengan los mis￾mos derechos a los recursos económicos y acceso a […] la propiedad y el control de la tierra y otros bienes, la herencia, los recur￾sos naturales […]”. La proporción de hogares que son dueños de una propiedad y tienen un folio legal, sobre el número total de hogares propietarios, en el municipio de La Paz es del 80%, de acuerdo con la Encuesta Municipal de ODS, 2018. Este indicador mide los resul￾tados de las políticas que buscan fortalecer los derechos de propiedad para todos, inclu￾yendo a mujeres y otros grupos vulnerables. Fortalecer los sistemas de tenencia es un paso importante para regularizar los proble￾mas derivados del crecimiento poblacional y la urbanización. La segunda, consiste en la vulnerabilidad ocasionada por desastres naturales. La ex￾posición a los riesgos ambientales se co￾rrelaciona de manera importante con la pobreza, debido a la precariedad de los asen￾tamientos, la localización en sitios de riesgo por dinámicas de gentrifcación y/o urbaniza￾ción descontrolada y la falta de redes socia￾les y fnancieras de apoyo. En este contexto, el Marco de Sendai para la Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres 2015-2030, adoptado de manera paralela e interconectada a los ODS, busca reducir sustancialmente la mor￾talidad mundial por desastres para el 2030. En particular, busca que el promedio de per￾sonas afectadas entre 2020-2030 sea menor al reportado entre 2005-2015. En el 2020, en La Paz se registró una tasa de 16,4 personas afectadas por desastres naturales por cada 100.00 habitantes. REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: LA PAZ 38 Metas voluntarias 2025: • Reducir por debajo del 4,5% la incidencia de la pobreza extrema en el municipio. ACCIONES DEL GOBIERNO AUTÓNOMO MUNICIPAL DE LA PAZ El Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de La Paz cuenta con acciones programa￾das para alcanzar el ODS 1 en el eje La Paz saludable y segura del Plan Mu￾nicipal “La Paz Ciudad en Movimiento”, además de acciones programadas en el Plan Territorial de Desarrollo Integral 2021-2025 (PTDI) en los sectores de justicia y de cultura y en el Plan Estratégico Institucional (PEI) en el sector justicia, como se muestra a continuación. Mapa 2. Pobreza por Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas en el municipio de La Paz Fuente: Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de La Paz – Secretaría Municipal de Pla￾nifcación (2022) REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: LA PAZ 39 • Equidad social El municipio de La Paz cuenta con diferentes demandas sociales, presentando to￾davía defciencias en diferentes sectores, las cuales deben ser atacadas con polí￾ticas que consideren a los diversos grupos sociales, pero haciendo énfasis en los sectores vulnerables. Las acciones del Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de La Paz están dirigidas a los niños, los adolescentes, las mujeres en riesgo y los adultos mayores. Además de las acciones mencionadas, el PTDI presenta como acción incremen￾tar los programas de atención a población en situación de vulnerabilidad y/o alto riesgo social en el municipio de La Paz, mientras que el PEI plantea la acción de servicio de pago del Bono Dignidad a personas adultas mayores en el municipio de La Paz del 2022 al 2025.

23 ODS 1 Fin de la pobreza REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: SANTA CRUZ DE LA SIERRA 24 ODS 1: Fin de la Pobreza Poner fin a la pobreza en todas sus formas en todo el mundo Metas priorizadas: • Meta 1.2 Para 2030, reducir al menos a la mitad la propor￾ción de hombres, mujeres y niños y niñas de todas las eda￾des que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las defniciones nacionales. • Meta 1.a Garantizar una movilización importante de recur￾sos procedentes de diversas fuentes, incluso mediante la mejora de la cooperación para el desarrollo, a fn de propor￾cionar medios sufcientes y previsibles para los países en desarrollo, en particular los países menos adelantados, para poner en práctica programas y políticas encaminados a po￾ner fn a la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones. 21,84% Proporción de la población de la zona urba￾na del departamento que vive por debajo del umbral nacional de pobreza31 2020 9,27% Proporción del gas￾to público municipal total que se dedica a Educación32 2020 18,54% Proporción del gas￾to público municipal total que se dedica a Salud33 2020 31 INE, (2020). Encuesta de Hogares.. 32 Plan Operativo Anual (POA), GAMSC. 33 Plan Operativo Anual (POA), GAMSC. 34 El único indicador ofcial sobre pobreza a nivel municipal es el de Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI), que se calcula con los ejercicios cen￾sales, siendo el 2012 el último año disponible. Para evaluar las tendencias recientes en el municipio es necesario usar la información proveniente de las Encuestas de Hogares del INE, que solo es representa￾tiva para el nivel urbano del departamento. Nota: Cálculo realizado para la zona urbana del departamento de Santa Cruz. Meta voluntaria a 2025 trazada a partir de la tendencia lineal necesaria para cumplir la meta de reducir a la mitad la pobreza en el 2030 (Meta ODS 1.2), tomando como base la información de la zona urbana del departamento para el 2015. Fuente: Elaboración propia, con base en las Encuestas de Hogares (2015-2020). Erradicar la pobreza en todas sus formas es uno de los principales de￾safíos globales. En el nivel local, abordar la pobreza implica garantizar el acceso a servicios integrales que sirvan a las personas como protección a los choques económicos y el estrés. En la medición municipal del Atlas de los ODS en Bolivia (2020), que usó los datos del CNPV-2012, Santa Cruz de la Sierra destacó como el tercer municipio del país que más cer￾ca se encontraba de cumplir el ODS 1, únicamente superado por La Paz y Colcapirhua. En el 2020, la crisis económica originada por el COVID-19 retrasó los esfuerzos mundiales en materia de la lucha contra la pobreza, expo￾niendo brechas económicas y aumentando los márgenes mundiales de población vulnerable. A pesar de esto, en la zona urbana del depar￾tamento de Santa Cruz34 la pobreza no aumentó durante el 2020 y se mantuvo dentro de la tendencia para el cumplimiento local de la meta 1.2 (ver Figura 1). Figura 1. Proporción de la población que vive por debajo del umbral nacional de pobreza Indicador para el municipio Meta 2030 Tendencia para cumplimiento en 2030 (base 2015) Meta 2025 REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: SANTA CRUZ DE LA SIERRA 25 35 Encuesta de Hogares, INE, (2020). 36 Para el municipio de Santa Cruz de la Sierra la línea de pobreza en el área urbana se establece en 839,41 Bolivianos por persona al mes (INE, en base a los datos de precios promedio al consumidor para las 9 ciudades capitales). Si bien el avance ha sido signifcativo, el ODS 1 sigue representando un reto importante para el GAMSC ya que el 21,8% de la población ur￾bana del departamento35 vive por debajo de la línea nacional de pobreza36. La pobreza tiene muchas otras dimensiones que superan los niveles de ingreso y el en￾foque monetario, como el nivel educativo, la calidad del empleo, el acceso a servicios bá￾sicos y el cuidado de la primera infancia, que son esenciales para comprender las limitacio￾nes que enfrentan las personas en situación de pobreza en el municipio y que se plasman en el análisis de los demás ODS incluidos en este documento. Una característica importante de la pobreza radica en su focalización territorial. La con￾centración de la pobreza desde la perspecti￾va de las Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI) se hace evidente al desagregarla por manzanos. En la fgura 2, se observa que los mayores niveles de concentración de pobreza por NBI se localiza en las áreas periurbanas, relacionándose con un crecimiento urbano que acentúa la marginalización, con una ex￾pansión de los asentamientos precarios en las zonas más marginales del municipio. Esto a su vez permite al GAMSC identifcar espa￾cialmente las prioridades de inversión. Se evidencia que el acceso a electricidad (99%) y agua (96%) es bastante amplia (ver ODS 6 y 7). Por el contrario, algunos retos se identifcan en el acceso al cuidado de la pri￾mera infancia (ver ODS 4) y la informalidad laboral (ver ODS 8). Respecto a la asignación de recursos, en el 2020 el GAMSC dedicó el 27% de su gasto Figura 2. Incidencia de la Pobreza por NBI en el municipio de Santa Cruz de la Sierra público a los servicios esenciales de salud y educación. En particular, el 9,27% del gas￾to público municipal se dedicó a educación, mientras que el 18,4% se dedicó a servicios de salud. Este último rubro, presentó un au￾mento importante respecto a la línea de base del 2015 (15,39%) para hacer frente a la emer￾gencia del COVID-19. Esri, HERE, Garmin, FAO, NOAA, USGS ¹ Fuente: Elaboración ONU-Habitat, en base a datos del GAMSC, 2022; INE, CNPV-2012. Fondo de mapa: OSM. * Los límites político administrativos son referenciales. REPORTE VOLUNTARIO LOCAL: SANTA CRUZ DE LA SIERRA 26 Metas voluntarias a 2025: • Reducir la proporción de la población que vive por debajo del umbral na￾cional de pobreza a menos del 20% Para el cumplimiento de estas metas voluntarias el Plan Territorial de De￾sarrollo Integral (PTDI) de Santa Cruz de la Sierra (2021-2015) se articula con el Pilar 1 de la Agenda Patriótica 2025, referente a la erradicación de la pobreza. Acciones para lograr el cumplimiento del Objetivo: Regularizar barrios en aplicación de la normativa municipal, coadyuvando al ciudadano al mejoramiento de sus entornos, permitiendo el acceso a ser￾vicios básicos de calidad y al uso y aprobación de las áreas de uso público para su esparcimiento. Cobijar a personas en situación de calle en albergues transitorios, brindando alimentación y atención psicológica, social y legal. Ejecutar acciones que fortalezcan la disminución de la pobreza, construyen￾do centros de salud y unidades educativas que están plasmados en el PTDI, ampliando la cobertura de estos servicios. | Foto: Gobierno Autónomo Municipal de Santa Cruz de la Sierra

GOAL 1. END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE. CHAPTER 1 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 10 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 SDG 1, subject of this chapter, aims to end poverty in all its forms, everywhere, eradicating extreme poverty, reducing by half the population in monetary and non-monetary poverty, in addition to ensuring for all, mainly poor and vulnerable, access to the social protection system, and to ensure basic infrastructure services, new technologies and means of production, information and communication technologies, financial services and safe equitable access to land and natural resources. It also prioritizes building the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reducing exposure and vulnerability to extreme weather-related events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. It proposes to ensure resources for the implementation of public policies, in addition to strengthening political and institutional frameworks to guarantee the effectiveness and sustainability of poverty eradication actions. It is composed of seven goals, five of which are final and two of implementation. In 2019 and 2020, the Government of Pará carried out a set of strategies, actions and outcomes that contributed to the goals of SDG 1. These are measures based on income generation, social protection and access to basic services, prioritizing the most vulnerable. Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 11 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 Regarding this SDG, the following government policies are aligned: Income Transfer Policy Income Pará (from the original, Renda Pará); Public Policy for Social Assistance in the State; Have Peace Program (from the original, Programa TerPaz); First Profession Program (from the original, Programa Primeiro Ofício); High Tide Popular Culture Program (from the original, Programa Preamar de Cultura Popular); Asphalt throughout Pará Program (from the original, Programa Asfalto por Todo Pará); Your Home Program (from the original, Programa Sua Casa); Food Acquisition Program (from the original, Programa de Aquisição de Alimento - PAA); Mask For All Program (from the original, Programa Máscara Para Todos); Restart Program (from the original, Programa Recomeçar); Local Voluntary Movement Review. Based on the SDG goals for Brazil, the state goals will be presented, accompanied by actions that contribute to short and medium-term solutions, which are part of the great challenge of poverty reduction in different forms and territorial contexts. However, considering that most of the measures implemented by the State Government are transversal, with impact and contribution to more than one SDG goal, it is a fact that there is a broader set of actions than those highlighted in this chapter that contribute, directly or indirectly, with most of the goals of SDG 1. Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 12 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 1.1 - By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, defined as people living with less than $3.20 PPP per capita per day. 1.2 - By 2030, halve the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in monetary and non-monetary poverty, according to national definitions. 1.3 - Ensure access to the social protection system for all, at the national level, by 2030, guaranteeing full coverage of the poor and vulnerable people. 1.4 - By 2030, ensure that all men and women, particularly the poor and people in vulnerable situations, have access to social services, basic infrastructure, new technologies and means of production, information and communication technologies, financial services and safe equitable access to land and natural resources. 1.5 - By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and vulnerable, and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to extreme weather-related events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. 1.a - Ensure resources to implement programs and policies to eradicate extreme poverty and fight poverty. 1.b - Strengthen political and institutional frameworks to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of poverty eradication actions. Brazilian SDG Goals Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 13 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 WHERE WE ARE Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics/ Syntheses of Social Indicators, 2020. Note: Poverty Rate: proportion of people with per capita household income less than US$ 3.2 PPP 2011 (Purchasing power parity conversion rate for private consumption, R$ 1.66 to US$1.00 PPP 2011, daily values made monthly and inflated by the IPCA (main Brazilian inflation rate) for recent years). Extreme Poverty Rate: proportion of people with per capita household income less than US$1.9 PPP 2011(Purchasing power parity rate for private consumption, R$1.66 to US$1.00 PPP 2011, daily values made monthly and inflated by the IPCA for recent years.) (from the original, IBGE/Sínteses de Indicadores Sociais, 2020. Nota: Taxa de Pobreza: proporção de pessoas com rendimento domiciliar per capita menor que US$ 3,2 PPC 2011 (Taxa de conversão da paridade de poder de compra para consumo privado, R$ 1,66 para US$ 1,00 PPC 2011, valores diários tornados mensais e inflacionados pelo IPCA para anos recentes). Taxa de Extrema Pobreza: proporção de pessoas com rendimento domiciliar per capita menor que US$ 1,9 PPC 2011(Taxa de conversão da paridade de poder de compra para consumo privado, R$ 1,66 para US$ 1,00 PPC 2011, valores diários tornados mensais e inflacionados pelo IPCA para anos recentes). Source: CadÚnico, 2021. Note: Extreme Poverty Rate (Cadúnico): proportion of people with per capita household income of up to ¼ of the minimum wage registered in the CadÚnico. Poverty Rate (Cadúnico): proportion of people with per capita household income of up to ½ of the minimum wage registered in the CadÚnico (from the original, CadÚnico,2021. Nota: Taxa de Extrema Pobreza (Cadúnico): proporção de pessoas com rendimento domiciliar per capita de até ¼ de salário mínimo cadastradas no CadÚnico. Taxa de Pobreza (Cadúnico): proporção de pessoas com rendimento domiciliar per capita de até ½ de salário mínimo cadastradas no CadÚnico) 41,76 2019 2020 40,84 VULNERABLE TO POVERTY (CadÚnio) 35,27 2019 2020 34,65 VULNERABLE TO EXTREME POVERTY (CadÚnio) 23,7 2018 2019 24,1 POVERTY RATE (%) 11,8 2018 2019 12 EXTREME POVERTY RATE (%) Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 14 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics/Syntheses of Social Indicators, 2020. Note: Vulnerable to Poverty Rate: proportion of people with per capita household income of up to to ½ of the minimum wage (R$499). Vulnerable to Extreme Poverty Rate: proportion of people with per capita household income of up to ¼ of the minimum wage (R$249.50).(from the original, IBGE/Sínteses de Indicadores Sociais, 2020. Nota: Taxa de Vulneráveis à Pobreza: proporção de pessoas com rendimento domiciliar per capita de até ½ salário mínimo (R$ 499). Taxa de Vulneráveis à Extrema Pobreza: proporção de pessoas com rendimento domiciliar per capita de até ¼ de salário mínimo (R$249,50). 23,3 2018 2019 23,5 VULNERABLE TO POVERTY VULNERABLE TO EXTREME POVERTY 51,3 2018 2019 50,9 Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 15 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 WHAT WE HAVE DONE Aiming to generate income for the most vulnerable population in the state, who are in a situation of poverty and extreme poverty, in line with goal 1.1 and goal 1.2 (monetary), the Government of Pará encouraged the creation of productive yards, with the purpose of promoting collective family initiatives, as well as implanting diversified productive cultivars, contributing to food and nutritional security and promoting job and income generation through the production and commercialization of the products. There were 104 until 2019, and in 2020, given the pandemic scenario, remote meetings were held for 42 farmers providing technical production guidelines; cooking workshop in productive yards, held by the “Have Peace” Program (from the original, Programa TerPaz) with 18 farmers; in addition to activities to prepare an area for the cultivation of manioc, with farmers from the Integration Regions of Guajará and Rio Capim. In 2020, in view of the pandemic scenario and to alleviate the impacts generated on small businesses, Pará Government created the Hope Fund (from the original, Fundo Esperança), an emergency fund to finance individual microentrepreneurs (from the original, MEI), microenterprises (from the original, ME), small businesses (from the original, EPP), cooperatives of work and creative economy entrepreneurs (individuals) situated in the state, to which approximately 67 thousand financing contracts were approved, among individuals and legal entities, reaching cities in the 12 Integration Regions of the state, with an investment of R$ 153 million. Another important measure adopted by the State Government to reduce the financial impacts on the low-income population, due to the crisis caused by the pandemic, in 2020, was the Exceptional Income Program “Renda Pará”, which allocated R$100 million, benefiting approximately one million families from Pará, registered in the National Income Distribution Program (from the original, Programa Bolsa Família). It also launched the Mask For All Program (from the original, Programa Máscara Para Todos), which purchased fabric masks directly from seamstresses (individuals), cooperatives, individual micro-entrepreneurs and small businesses, aiming to boost the income of families and small businesses, in addition to protecting the health of the population and thus prevent the spread of the new coronavirus. There were 333,990 Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 16 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 thousand cotton masks, double￾faced, in accordance with the National Health Surveillance Agency standards, distributed for free to the population. Even in a pandemic scenario, the state of Pará created 32,789 formal jobs in 2020, in addition to an increase of 5.71% in the average income of employed people, from BRL 1,609.00 in the 3rd quarter of 2019 to BRL 1,701 .00 in the 3rd quarter/2020. This result was largely influenced by the actions and articulations of the State Government along with the economic sectors, and employment generation and intermediation policies, such as the First Profession Program (from the original, Programa Primeiro Ofício), which in 2020 formally hired around 1,150 young people. Regarding the goal 1.2, in line with the reduction of non-monetary poverty, the State Government carried out actions aiming to reduce shortages in the health, education and adequate housing areas, in addition to expanding access to basic services and infrastructure and reducing violations of basic rights, measures that also contribute to the goal 1.4. In this context, in 2020, Pará Government, held an action linked to the exercise of citizenship in the 12 Integration Regions, by issuing 362,222 identity documents to the population in 133 cities. In line with the policy of socio-territorial appreciation and land rights, it is nottory the issue of three collective titles in the Baixo Amazonas and Marajó regions for associations of Remnants of Quilombola (slave descendant) Communities, benefiting 102 families. In the area of education, aiming to expand the number of vacancies and to improve the conditions of state public schools, the Government of Pará delivered, in 2019, four new schools and 22 renovated schools, in nine of the Integration Regions. In 2020, four new state and municipal schools and 24 renovated schools were delivered in eight Integration Regions. In the area of culture, in 2019, the cooperation agreement signed between the Government of Pará and the Ministry of Culture stands out, aiming to boost cultural potential in its various forms of manifestations and access to culture as a constitutional right of every citizen. Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 17 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 It is worth mentioning the High Tide Popular Culture Program (from the original, Programa Preamar da Cultura Popular) , which made music, theater, dance, audiovisual, visual arts, folkloric manifestations, fashion and food culture available in museums, public spaces and headquarters of popular associations, as well as other initiatives that contributed to cultural dissemination, such as “Music in Museums” (from the original, Músicas nos Museus) and “Creative Parks” (from the original, Parques Criativos), both focused on democratizing access to cultural programs and the creative economy. Aiming to improve infrastructure and mobility for the population, especially the most vulnerable and residing in peripheral neighborhoods in the capital, in 2020, the Government of Pará delivered the Tapanã Highway, located in Belém, capital of the state, with approximately 5 km. Equipped with a new system of paving, drainage, duplication of the lane, sidewalk with accessibility and cycle lane, lighting, signalization and leisure space, the work will impact not only the urban flow and integration, but significantly, the living conditions of the population of the surroundings. The Asphalt Throughout Pará Program (from the original, Asfalto por todo Pará) stands out, linked to the improvement of infrastructure and housing conditions in the cities of Pará, by providing paving and asphalt coating, curb construction, sidewalks and earthmoving services, with an investment of approximately R$ 690.6 million, in 505 km of urban roads, benefiting 96 municipalities in the 12 Integration Regions. Still focusing on the expansion of the state’s infrastructure, in 2020, 3,181km of highways were preserved, built and restored, in 55 municipalities, covering nine Integration Regions, with investments of around R$ 627.1 million, in addition to three waterway terminals delivered, in the amount of R$ 14 million, benefiting the populations of Baixo Amazonas and Tocantins. Considering the right to adequate housing as fundamental, in 2019, the Government of Pará created “Your Home” Program (from the original, Programa Sua Casa) that makes it possible to build, expand, renovate, improve and adapt the houses of low￾income families, with emphasis on the concession of cash aid for the payment of labor services. In 2020, the program Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 18 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 benefited 8,673 families from 88 cities in 11 of the 12 Integration Regions of Pará. Aiming to make the Social Protection System available to everyone, in line with the goal 1.3 of the 2030 Agenda, in 2019, highly complex services were guaranteed with the maintenance of seven shelters, which treated 110 women in situations of violence in the Integration Regions of Guajará, Baixo Amazonas, Carajás and Tapajós, in addition to 89 elderly people and 267 migrants in transit. In this last modality, 170 Venezuelans, of the Warao ethnic group, were assisted, exemplifying the Government’s attention to the migratory issue that affects the territory of Pará, including the adaptation of a new space to offer social assistance services. In order to strengthen local family farming, and at the same time promote economic and social inclusion, in 2019, 594 families from seven Integration Regions were assisted in the Food Acquisition Program (from the original, Programa de Aquisição de Alimento), with an investment of R$ 474,000, which allowed the access to food in the quantity, quality and regularity necessary for families and individuals in a situation of food and nutrition insecurity, served by the social assistance network and food and nutrition equipment, in addition to encouraging the consumption and appreciation of food produced by family farming. In 2020, as a contribution to the goal 1.3 and in line with the Basic Operating Standard of the Unified Social Assistance System, the State Government guaranteed state co￾financing by transferring funds to 136 municipalities in Pará. R$4.6 million were transferred from the state treasury to foster the expansion, maintenance and qualification of the Unified Social Assistance System’s basic and special social protection services, carried out, among others, in the Social Assistance Reference Centers (from the original, CRAS) and Specialized Centers Reference for Social Assistance (from the original, CREAS), which are Institutional Host Units for children, the elderly, women, adults and families. The Government of Pará, in 2020, provided emergency assistance to the vulnerable, aiming the preservation of life and the process of rescuing citizenship, through actions to host 1,050 Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 19 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 homeless people, among men, women and children, in adapted public spaces (stadiums and schools) as a protection measure against Covid-19. In 2020, the Government of Pará, in accordance with the public social assistance policy of the State, integrated with the food and nutritional security systems and the socio-education policy, contributed to guarantee the right of Pará families living in a situation of vulnerability and social risk. The benefits of direct income transfer to Pará families are highlighted, which constitute a guarantee of social protection, materializing in survival and income security. In this context, we highlight the transfer of the amount of R$ 23.8 million, benefiting 1,982 people affected by leprosy, in 107 municipalities in Pará. The actions of the State Government in 2019, aiming the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations are highlighted, in accordance with the goal 1.5, in which the Civil Defense, in partnership with the Municipal Coordinations, assisted the population victim of disasters occurred in 40 municipalities, with the distribution of 11,886 basic food baskets and the delivery of humanitarian kits, with an investment of R$ 2.6 million. In 2020, the Restart Program (from the original, Programa Recomeçar) benefited with a minimum wage, 2,940 families affected by heavy rains and floods, totaling a social investment of around R$ 3 million. As a contribution to the goal 1.b., which advocates the strengthening of political and institutional frameworks to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of poverty eradication actions, the Government of Pará prioritizes achieving poverty reduction and improving living conditions of the state population. In 2019, the decision refers to aligning all Programs and Actions contained in the Multiannual Plan 2020-2023 (from the original, PPA) with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), institutionalizing the 2030 Agenda, of the United Nations (UN). Also in 2019, the State Government joined the Voluntary Local Review Movement. In 2020, a year marked by social distancing, 17 online workshops were held to validate the SDGs Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 20 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 in the Multiannual Plan 2020-2023, with the involvement of 270 people from state agencies in planning activities. These initiatives by Pará Government were expressed in the Voluntary Local Report about the Sustainable Development Goals in the State of Pará, presented at an international event, via internet, due to the pandemic, under the coordination of the UN, in partnership with the city of New York. The opportunity made it possible for the State Government to interact with international organs and institutions aiming to expand governance and resources around the promotion of sustainable development, in 144 cities in the state of Pará and the Brazilian Amazonian region. Chapter 01 – SDG 1. No poverty. 21 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ABOUT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2021 Among other initiatives, we highlight, Law No. 9,139, of October 29, 2020, which created the Income Transfer Program “Renda Pará” and the agreement on goals to improve the indicators that make up the Social Exclusion Map of Pará, established by Law nº 6.836/2006 and amended by Law nº 8.327/2015, which had its improvement goals published in the Multiannual Plan 2020-2023, for the quadrennium.

VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ • 2022 10 SDG 1. NO POVERTY NO POVERTY VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2022 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ • 2022 11 SDG 1. NO POVERTY GOAL 1 P O V E R T Y E R A D I C A T I O N I N A L L ITS FORMS, EVERYWHERE. T H I S I S A H I S T O R I C A L W O R K T H A T S O L V E S O N E O F T H E B I G G E S T A N D M O S T S E R I O U S P R O B L E M S OF OUR CAPITAL. TUCUNDUBA BAY The project works encompass the rectification of the stream, the system supply of water, the road system and drainage services, of sewage and water conformation of the slope of the canal, in addition to the construction of bridges and walkways. AFTER BEFORE In this chapter, the state government’s contributions to achieving the goals of SDG 1 will be presented, which aims to end poverty in all its forms, everywhere, eradicating extreme poverty, reducing the population in poverty by half, monetary and non-monetary poverty, in addition to ensuring access to the social protection system for all, especially the poor and vulnerable, and ensuring basic infrastructure services, new technologies and means of production, as well as security in equitable access to land and natural resources. SDG 1 is composed of seven targets, five of which are final and two of implementation. Among the strategies to achieve the goals is the search for funding sources for the implementation of public policies, in addition to initiatives aimed at strengthening political and institutional frameworks for the effectiveness and sustainability of poverty eradication actions. T H E G O V E R N M E N T O F P A R Á ’ S C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O S D G 1 A R E B A S E D O N I N C O M E G E N E R A T I O N , S O C I A L P R O T E C T I O N , A N D A C C E S S T O B A S I C S E R V I C E S , W I T H P R I O R I T Y G I V E N T O T H E M O S T VULNERABLE ONES. Helder Barbalho, Governor of Pará. VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ • 2022 12 SDG 1. NO POVERTY By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, measured as people living on less than PPC$3.20 per capita per day. GOAL 1.1. By 2030, halve the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in monetary and non-monetary poverty, according to national definitions. GOAL 1.2. By 2030, ensure that all men and women, particularly the poor and people in vulnerable situations, have access to social services, basic infrastructure, new technologies and means of production, information and communication technologies, financial services and security of access equitable land and natural resources. GOAL 1.4. By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and vulnerable, and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to extreme weather-related events and other economic, social, and environmental shocks and disasters. GOAL 1.5. Secure resources to implement programs and policies to eradicate extreme poverty and fight poverty. G O A L 1 . A . Ensure access to the social protection system for all, at the national level, by 2030, guaranteeing full coverage of the poor and people in situations of vulnerability. GOAL 1.3. strengthen political and institutional frameworks to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of poverty eradication actions. GOAL 1.B. M Y H O U S E W A S W O O D E N A N D I T A L W A Y S F L O O D E D W H E N I T R A I N E D . W E H A V E S P E N T 1 6 Y E A R S W A I T I N G F O R T H I S M O M E N T . T O D A Y I R E C E I V E D T H E F U R N I S H E D A P A R T M E N T , T O G E T H E R W I T H T O M Y D A U G H T E R S AND GRANDCHILDREN. Maria de Jesus dos Santos Galiza, resident. RIACHO DOCE COMPLEX Riacho Doce II and III residential complexes, famous in Guamá neighborhood, in Belém. The housing units were delivered to the families who were relocated during the macro-drainage works in the Tucunduba basin. AFTER BEFORE B R A Z I L I A N SDG GOALS VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ • 2022 13 SDG 1. NO POVERTY WHERE WE ARE WHAT WE HAVE DONE In order to contribute to goal 1.1 and goal 1.2 (monetary), especially with regard to income generation for the most vulnerable population in the state, the state government promoted technical assistance and rural extension initiatives and promotion of productive activities, in territories with low economic dynamics. T H E S E I N I T I A T I V E S A I M T O P R O M O T E S U S T A I N A B L E P R O D U C T I O N , V A L U E A D D I T I O N , I N C O M E G E N E R A T I O N , S O C I A L O R G A N I Z A T I O N , A G R I C U L T U R A L D I V E R S I F I C A T I O N , S O C I A L I N C L U S I O N , A N D S U S T A I N A B L E M A N A G E M E N T OF NATURAL RESOURCES. In 2021, 30,191 services were provided to rural family producers in the 12 integration regions, with the donation of seeds, fertilizer, machinery and equipment and policies aimed at marketing, with fairs and events that bring the producer closer to the costumer, increasing production and direct marketing in family farming, and consequently, greater income generation for these families. Two financial support programs stand out with a direct impact on the consumption accounts of families enrolled in National Income Distribution Program (from the original, Programa Bolsa Família). The “Water Pará Program” (from the original, Programa Água Pará) provides for the cost of water consumption for families who have registered an average monthly consumption of up to 20m3, over a period of two years. In 2021, the Program paid the bills of approximately 145 thousand families, with an investment of R$7.1 million. The Electric Energy Social Tariff Program (from original, Programa Tarifa Social de Energia Elétrica), a partnership between the State and Equatorial Company, enabled discounts of 10% to 65% on the electricity bill tariff, and benefited 348,000 families. Still in the context of the social assistance policy, two more initiatives are highlighted, used in the strategy for fighting poverty and social inclusion, contributing to goals 1.1 and monetary 1.2. This is the State Benefit for People Affected by Leprosy (from VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ • 2022 14 SDG 1. NO POVERTY the original, Benefício Estadual de Pessoas Acometidas pela Hanseníase - BEPAH), which, in 2021, served 1,920 people in 109 municipalities in Pará, totaling R$20.7 million; and the Eventual Benefit (from the original, Benefício Eventual), which guaranteed social assistance and the granting of a minimum wage for families in situations of social vulnerability, in the event of emergencies and accidents. In 2021, this benefit provided a state resource in the amount of R$334 thousand to serve 104 families residing in Belém, capital, in accordance with Law Nº. 8,742/1993. Regarding goal 1.2, in line with non￾monetary poverty, and goal 1.4, which deals with violations of basic rights, the state government has actions and important intersectoral programs in the areas of culture, education and housing. Culture contributes to the sociability and identity of a people, as it stimulates creativity, inclusion, and social well￾being. In this sense, we highlight, in 2021, the holding of events with an emphasis on popular demonstrations, which involved 44,249 people subdivided into some sociocultural projects, such as: Preamar Cabano; Preamar Junino; Preamar of Popular Culture; Summer high tide; Preamar Creativity; Preamar of Black Consciousness; Preamar of Peace. EVENTUAL BENEFIT Teams from Seaster and Cohab talk to the families reached ang give them orientation on how to access benefits and programs. S I N C E T H E P A N D E M I C T H E S I T U A T I O N B E C A M E M O R E C O M P L I C A T E D . T H I S I S W H A T H A S BEEN HELPING US. WATER PARÁ PROGRAM The program guarantees monthly bill discharge for up to 20 thousand liters of water consumed by family. Estimate of Cosanpa is that about 580 thousand people were achieved by the Program. Emanuele Ramos is a manicure and benefits from Água Pará and Auxílio Brasil Programs. VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ • 2022 15 SDG 1. NO POVERTY In the area of higher education, the interaction between the university and the poorest populations becomes more important, especially with regard to initiatives that contribute to the achievement of non-monetary goal 1.2 and goal 1.4. In this sense, it is worth highlighting the “UEPA for Communities” project, a socio-educational action aimed at: (1) serving the population with direct and basic services; (2) the promotion of social and educational actions; (3) aggregate actions from the various Centers and Campi of the University of the State of Pará (from the original, Universidade do Estado do Pará - UEPA). The project offers essential services in Health, Technology, Education, Leisure, Information, Social Assistance and Citizenship to local populations, and has volunteer teachers and students. In 2021, 980 people were served in Belém, in two editions of the project. PREAMAR JUNINO The Green Smell group, one of those covered by the Aldir Blanc Law, is preparing to perform in Oeiras do Pará (larger photo) and the June birds are one of the most significant manifestations of popular culture in the June court (small photo). B E I N G H E R E I S A W A Y F O R M E T O P U T I N T O P R A C T I C E W H A T I L E A R N E D , I N A D D I T I O N T O C O N T A C T T H E R E A L I T Y O F T H E COMMUNITY. UEPA FOR ALL COMMUNITIES Uepa professor providing dental care to teenagers, and Uepa Rector, Clay Chagas, and state deputy Dr. Heloísa Vilhena talking to the volunteers. Tales Ricardo de Sousa, tenth semester student of Medicine. VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ • 2022 16 SDG 1. NO POVERTY Regarding housing policies, which contribute to the achievement of non￾monetary goal 1.2 and goal 1.4, it is worth mentioning the offer of housing units, urban land regularization and urbanization of precarious settlements. Regarding the offer of housing units to the low-income population, in 2021, 368 were built, distributed in the capital, benefiting about 1,800 people. The construction is part of the Tucunduba Basin Macrodrainage project, in Belém, which directly impacts the capital’s populous neighborhoods, ensuring, in addition to basic sanitation and urban mobility, decent housing for families that had to be relocated due to interventions in the area, or are enrolled in government housing assistance programs. In this exercise, 97 apartments have already been delivered, the others will be delivered to residents throughout 2022. Urban land regularization is another government initiative that contributes to the achievement of non-monetary goal 1.2 and 1.4, as it aims to incorporate informal urban centers into urban territorial planning and guarantee legalized property for low-income families. In 2021, 943 properties were regularized, of which 74% served the Jaderlândia community, in the municipality of Castanhal, in the Guamá Region, and 26%, in the Liberdade Urban Center, in the municipality of Marabá, in the Carajás Region. As for the contribution to the achievement of goals 1.4 and 1.5, the urbanization of precarious and substandard settlements, included in the scope of the housing policy of social interest, aims to carry out joint activities of housing, basic sanitation, and social inclusion, in informal urban centers, with infrastructure services, construction, implementation of community facilities and housing improvement. The projects carried out are part of the Growth Acceleration Program (from the original, Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento - PAC), and are located in the municipalities of Ananindeua, Belém and Castanhal. In 2021, 824 households were served, 162 in Ananindeua, 36 in Belém and 626 in Castanhal. With regard to the achievement of goal 1.3, which deals with access to the social protection system for the poor and people in situations of vulnerability, the State Government invested R$11 million, in 2021, in the expansion of the High Complexity Social Protection services of the SUAS (from the original, Sistema Único de Assistência Social), with the implementation of four emergency shelter units, in Belém, having served 362 people and their families in situations of vulnerability and social risk. We highlight the State Provisional Shelter Units, in line with goal 1.3, which provide important services for people at risk of death or serious threats resulting from domestic or family violence, guaranteeing security and the exercise of citizenship rights, in a way that to contribute to the rescue and strengthening of these people’s self-esteem, as well as access to the public service network. In 2021, 202 women and their children were assisted in the aforementioned situations, in the municipalities of Altamira, Belém, Marabá and Santarém. Also important in contributing to the achievement of goal 1.3 are institutional reception actions that ensure habitability, accessibility, and safety. In 2021, two long-stay units stand out - Lar da Providência and Nosso Lar Socorro Gabriel, which assisted 84 elderly people of both sexes, who have weakened or broken family ties, unable to provide for their own subsistence, either in food security, health care and social coexistence. HOUSING UNITS IN CONJUNTO RIACHO DOCE The Riacho Doce I and II complexes have 97 housing units in the Terra Firme neighborhood VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ • 2022 17 SDG 1. NO POVERTY Another contribution to goal 1.3, the Government of Pará, through a demand from Pará society, implemented the State Policy for the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), established by Law Nº. 9.061/2020. In 2021, the Autism Spectrum Disorder Service Center (from the original, Núcleo de Atendimento do Transtorno do Espectro Autista - Natea), linked to the Integrated Center for Inclusion and Rehabilitation (CIIR), served approximately 7,000 people. Identification Cards for People with Autistic Disorder (from the original, Carteiras de Identificação da Pessoa com Transtorno Autista - Ciptea) were also issued, which contributed to the advancement of users’ access to the network of public and private services, in addition to collaborating with the organization of data regarding the number of people with autism in Pará. Also noteworthy is the training on the policy of care for autistic people, in partnership with the School of Public Governance of the State of Pará, through the “Capacitate to Include” Project. The initiative covers 14 municipalities, involving the 12 Integration Regions, offering training to about 500 employees working in the management and services. During 2021, the State Government invested important financial resources in several initiatives that contribute to the achievement of goals 1.5 and 1.a, such as the State Income Transfer Programs “Pará Income” and “Gás Voucher” (from the original, “Renda Pará” and “Vale Gás”), in addition to the Municipal Program “Let’s go Belém” (from the original, “Bora Belém”), executed in partnership with the City Hall of Belém. These programs aim to reduce the vulnerability of poor families to the social and economic impacts of extreme events, such as the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pará Income (from the original, Renda Pará) is a social benefit that has already transferred around R$159 million to the population, in various configurations, described below: PARÁ INCOME 100 Assisted 736,132 families registered in CadÚnico and included in the National Income Distribution Program (from the original, Programa Bolsa Família) with a single installment of R$100 in the 144 municipalities of the State. PARÁ INCOME 400 Transfer of 02 installments in the amount of R$200 to 10,478 citizens who work as collectors of recyclable materials, vehicle keepers, fairgrounds and street vendors residing in the 21 municipalities in maximum risk classification in the COVID-19 Pandemic, and that’s why they decreed Lockdown, according to State Decree 1.392 from 03/19/2021. PARÁ INCOME 500 Transfer of a single installment in the amount of R$500 to 125 thousand people belonging to 20 professional categories such as: Waiter, Barber, Hairdresser, Makeup Artist, Manicure, Beautician, Physical Educator, Tour guides, Installer of sound systems, DJ, stage assistant, audio operator, lighting technician, interpreter musician, taxi drivers, app drivers, school van drivers, motorcycle taxi drivers, van drivers and motoboys, in the 144 municipalities of the state. PARÁ INCOME NUT COLLECTORS (From the original, Castanheiros): Granting of assistance in the amount of R$500 to 447 nut collectors from the Trombetas State Forest, registered at the Institute for Forestry Development and Biodiversity of the State of Pará (from the original, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Florestal e da Biodiversidade - Ideflor-Bio), and aimed at mitigating the impact on the income of collectors who were prohibited from working in the forest so as not to create a risk of contagion to the indigenous people. Regarding the Bora Belém Program, it is a social benefit made possible through an Agreement between the municipality of Belém, via Papa João XXIII Foundation (FUNPAPA), and the State, via Secretariat of Social Assistance, Work, Employment and Income (from the original, Secretaria AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER CARE CENTER VOLUNTARY LOCAL REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ • 2022 18 SDG 1. NO POVERTY de Assistência Social, Trabalho, Emprego e Renda - SEASTER ), having transferred around R$20 million to approximately 7 thousand families in Belém registered in the Single Registry for Social Programs (from the original, Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais - CadÚnico). The Gas Voucher (Vale Gás) Program, Law nº 9.318 from 09/23/2021, is an extraordinary income transfer program to reduce the impact of the increase in the price of Liquefied Petroleum Gas in 13 kg cylinders, to low-income families in vulnerable situations. In 2021, R$15 million was transferred, covering 98 thousand families in two quotas of R$100, in the form of credit released by the Bank of the State of Pará (from the original, Banco do Estado do Pará - Banpará). The contribution of State and Federal Co-financing to goal 1.a is highlighted, as they ensured resources to the municipalities for the continuity and universalization of social protection services provided to the population. T H E S E B E N E F I T S E N S U R E D T H E S U B S I S T E N C E , A U T O N O M Y, A N D D I G N I T Y O F F A M I L I E S F R O M P A R Á , W H O L I V E I N P O V E R T Y O R B E L O W T H E P O V E R T Y L I N E , S O C I A L L Y A N D E C O N O M I C A L L Y I M P A C T E D B Y T H E C O V I D - 1 9 P A N D E M I C O R B Y T R A G E D I E S A N D D I S E A S E S , C I R C U M S TA N C E S T H AT M A K E I T I M P O S S I B L E T O M A I N TA I N THEIR OWN LIVELIHOOD. About goal 1.b, which seeks to strengthen political and institutional frameworks to ensure the sustainability of poverty eradication actions, it is worth noting that the Government of Pará, in fiscal year 2021, reiterated its commitment to advancing institutional and governance. Continuing the partnership with the Voluntary Local Review Movement, the “Volunteer Local Report on Sustainable Development Goals in the State of Pará 2021” was delivered to the City of New York and the UN, during the United Nations General Assembly. This report fulfilled the mission of publishing the actions and initiatives carried out in 2019 and 2020, through strategic plans and management instruments, which are part of public policies and legislation, which align and contribute to the 17 SDGs, so that it was possible to demonstrate contributions to 106 of the 169 goals of the SDGs, in the period analyzed. Another initiative maintained by the Government of Pará is the establishment of improvement goals for the indicators that make up the Pará Social Exclusion Map, established by Law Nº. 6,836/2006 and amended by Law Nº. 8.327/2015 of the State of Pará which have been published on Multiannual Plan (from the original, Plano.Plurianual - PPA) 2020-2023. SOCIAL PROGRAMS INCOME PARÁ AND BORA BELÉM Beneficiaries of the Extraordinary Income Pará Program and the Bora Belém Program.

END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE VOLUNTARY LOCAL REVIEW ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2023 SDG 1. NO POVERTY 14 E N D P OV E R T Y I N A L L I T S FORMS EVERYWHERE In this chapter, we will highlight the main contributions of the State Government to achieving the targets of SDG 1, which aims to end poverty in all its forms, everywhere, eradicating extreme poverty, reducing by half the population in poverty, monetary and non-monetary, in addition to ensuring access to the social protection system for everyone, especially the poor and vulnerable, and guaranteeing basic infrastructure services, new technologies and means of production, as well as security in equitable access to land and natural resources. OBJECTIVE 1 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REVIEW ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2023 15 SD G 1 H AS SE V E N TA R G E T S, F I V E O F W H I C H A R E A I M S A N D T WO A R E F O R I MP L E ME N TAT I O N . By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than PPP$ 3.20 per capita a day. TARGET 1.1 By 2030, reduce by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in monetary and non-monetary poverty, according to national definitions. TARGET 1.2 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have access to social services, basic infrastructure, new technologies and means for production, information and communication technologies, financial services and security in equal access to land and natural resources. TARGET 1.4 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. TARGET 1.5 Ensure to all, nationally, by 2030, access to the social protection system, guaranteeing full coverage of the poor and the vulnerable. TARGET 1.3 SDG 1. NO POVERTY 16 WHERE WE ARE POVERTY RATE (%) 24,6 24,9 16,1 25,9 2018 2019 2020 2021 E X T R E ME P OV E R T Y RATE (%) 12,3 12,5 7,6 13,6 2018 2019 2020 2021 Source: IBGE-Summary of Social Indicators 2021, 2022. Source: IBGE-Summary of Social Indicators 2021, 2022. 41,8 35,3 50,6 22,7 41,9 35,5 43,7 16,1 46,8 40,3 53,3 25,3 40,8 34,6 50,9 23,5 2019 2019 2018 2018 2020 2020 2019 2019 2021 2021 2020 2020 2022 2022 2021 2021 Source: MDS – CadÚnico, 2023. Source: MDS – CadÚnico, 2023. POVERTY RATE – CADÚNICO (%) EXTREME POVERTY RATE – CADÚNICO (%) V U L N E R A B L E TO P OV E R T Y – CADÚNICO, 2023. V U L N E R A B L E TO E X T R E ME P OV E R T Y – CADÚNICO, 2023. IBGE-Summaries of Social Indicators 2021, 2023. IBGE-Summaries of Social Indicators 2021, 2023. VOLUNTARY LOCAL REVIEW ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2023 17 WHAT WE DID The Government of the State of Pará has contributed to achieving the targets proposed by SDG 1, with programs, projects and actions in various fields of public policy. In social assistance, in addition to the execution and co-financing of social assistance services, we highlight benefits and income transfer programs; professional qualification; land regularization; social housing policies, among others. In 2022, with the aim of contributing to targets 1.1 and 1.2, which deal with the eradication of extreme poverty and the different dimensions of poverty, both monetary and non-monetary poverty, the State Government promoted initiatives such as the Extraordinary State Program for Income Transfer (Renda Pará), created in 2020 with the purpose of mitigating the economic effects of COVID-19, through which approximately R$ 52 million were transferred in 2022, which benefited approximately 520 thousand families throughout the State. In addition, the Cooking Gas Allowance Program was implemented, which enabled the purchase of 13-kilogram gas cylinders and served approximately 50 thousand families, included in the Single Registry (CadÚnico), totaling approximately R$ 5.61 million. The Citizen Income Program (Bora Belém), a cooperation between the Government of Pará and the Municipality of Belém, which transferred monthly amounts from R$ 200 to R$ 500, totaling more than INCOME PARÁ HELPS THOSE MOST SOCIALLY AD ECONOMICALLY AFFECTED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC SDG 1. NO POVERTY 18 WITH 6,500 METERS OF BUILT-IN AREA, THE USIPAZ OF JURUNAS AND CONDOR EMBODIES ACCESS TO CITIZENSHIP VOLUNTARY LOCAL REVIEW ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2023 19 R$ 30 million to approximately 16 thousand socially vulnerable families. Contributing to the achievement of target 1.3, the State Government co-financed management in the municipalities of the State, the main pillar of strengthening the Basic and Special Protection provided by the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS) to vulnerable populations, effecting transfers of approximately R$ 8 million. Important for the reduction of non￾monetary poverty, and contributing to the achievement of targets 1.2 and 1.4, the “Pará Water” Program stands out, which in 2022 settled the water supply bills of more than 380 thousand households, of families enrolled in the Brazil Aid Program that registered an average consumption of up to 20 m3. Professional qualification is a condition for entry or permanence in the entrepreneurship and job market. In this sense, through the “Pará Qualification” Program, it enabled professional qualification courses and actions in line with contemporary job requirements. In 2022, the program served around 20 thousand people in 136 municipalities, with investments of R$ 32 million, a record contribution of State resources to the area, with direct benefits to the receiving population. This initiative contributes to achieving targets 1.2 and 1.5. The “Your Home” Program, which aims mainly to support families in situations of social vulnerability, contributes to targets 1.2 and 1.5. In 2022, approximately R$ 24 million were invested, serving more than 12 thousand households in all 144 municipalities. The program offers subsidies for building, renovating or expanding homes, helping to improve the living conditions of these families and reduce the proportion of people living in precarious conditions. It is also worth mentioning the investment of R$ 2.5 million in urbanization actions for 704 homes considered precarious and subnormal, in the Taboquinha, Pratinha and Pantanal Communities in the municipality of Belém; and Aurá in IN 2023, THE YOUR HOME PROGRAM WILL BENEFIT MORE THAN 11 THOUSAND FAMILIES THROUGHOUT PARÁ SDG 1. NO POVERTY 20 Ananindeua. The state land regularization program is in line with targets 1.1, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.5, which aims to regularize the ownership of land occupied by families in situations of poverty and social vulnerability, guaranteeing them access to land and other resources. In 2022, 1,083 urban titles were delivered, with 563 regularized properties in the municipality of Castanhal, 201 in Marabá and 319 in Redenção, involving resources in the amount of R$ 235 thousand. It should be noted that the documents guarantee legal security for occupants, who become owners, in addition to attesting to the exact location of the property. Ownership also adds market value and allows access to lines of credit that use the property as a legal guarantee. Also important are the initiatives of the TerPaz Program, which contributed to the achievement of targets 1.1, 1.2 and 1.4. Among the multidisciplinary actions in the social inclusion process, Peace Factories have a multi-sports complex, complete with sand court, multicultural space, swimming pool, audiovisual rooms, digital inclusion, and adapted for access by people with disabilities. Consolidated in the districts, as public equipment for citizenship and social transformation, the Factories reached approximately 600 thousand people with free services, such as medical, dental and psychological care, legal advice, professional qualification and issuing of documents. In 2022, gastronomy courses were held at the Factories, among them, Pará cuisine, vegetarian cuisine, notions of confectionery, bread and fish and seafood and preparation of drinks, which benefited around 2,800 people. The reading rooms received approximately 24,000 children, young people and adults, consulting the library collections, which have novels, local literature, comics, architecture, law, linguistics, philosophy, and economics, among others. Still in the environment of the Factories, personalized classes for adult literacy, school reinforcement, course and pre￾Enem exam (writing, Portuguese and mathematics), reading and composition activities, and storytelling reached more than 500 children, adolescents and young people. In 2022, part of the social assistance policy, institutional care actions were continued for elderly people in situations of abandonment, neglect and with weakened or broken family ties, unable to provide for their own subsistence, in terms of food security, health care and social coexistence. These actions contributed to target 1.3. Together, the Long-Stay Units “Lar da Providência” and “Nosso Lar Socorro Gabriel,” in Belém, assisted around 71 elderly people of both sexes, offering accessibility, habitability, hygiene, and safety, also favoring local community life. Contributing to target 1.4, the Day Care Throughout Pará Program, created in 2021, guarantees, above all to the poorest families, care and protection for children, while those responsible for them work to ensure a better life. In order to make the Program viable, the municipal governments will be responsible for assigning the property (land), managing the space and providing services in the day care centers, with the State Government VOLUNTARY LOCAL REVIEW ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2023 21 USIPAZ OFFERS FREE SERVICES AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES FOR EVERYONE SDG 1. NO POVERTY 22 HAMMOCK CORNER AT PROF. ORLANDO BITAR DAY CARE ENCOURAGES READING AND VALUES REGIONAL HABIT This unprecedented project in the state network serves more than 500 children from ages 2 to 5 VOLUNTARY LOCAL REVIEW ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ 2023 23 being responsible for the execution and delivery of construction work and also for the didactic-pedagogical equipment. In 2022, the construction of approximately 117 daycare centers was authorized in municipalities of the 12 Integration Regions, and the first daycare center “Reference Center in Early Childhood Education Prof. Orlando Bitar” was delivered. Located in Belém, it has become the largest learning space in Pará for children, which annually receives around 500 children from ages 2 to 5. With regard to the Food and Nutrition Security policy, we mention the delivery of a community kitchen in the Municipality of Xinguara, with a daily production of 100 daily meals for families enrolled in THE MY RIGHT ADDRESS PROJECT SUPPORTED AROUND 2,700 FAMILIES, IN 2022 CadÚnico, registered at the Social Assistance Reference Center (CRAS), in situations of food and nutrition insecurity. The equipment, in addition to promoting food and nutrition education actions, is also used as a place to train and generate employment and income for the population of the municipality. Another initiative that contributes to the achievement of target 1.4 is the My Right Address project, which in 2022 made a kit available to around 2,700 families, consisting of a property location plan, lot boundary plan, socio-environmental home condition report and referral guide for social programs, proposing solutions for community demands related to technical assistance support, land regularization and socio-environmental conflicts with government social programs.

109 sdg 1. no poVertY End poverty in all its forms everywhere 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day. 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national defnitions. 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including foors, and by 200 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable. 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and fnancial services, including microfnance. 1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations, and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. 1.a 'nsure signifcant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programs and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions. 1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions.

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30 Make Poverty History Manitoba (MPHM) is a coalition of front-line agencies and individuals helping people currently living in poverty, with a goal to change policy and the systems that can end poverty for good. MPHM originally came together 15 years ago and published The View from Here - a visionary document that outlined what a coordinated provincial poverty-reduction strategy might look like. MPHM operates from the belief that the causes of poverty are far deeper than just low incomes or unemployment, and seeks to address social exclusion through the interconnected issues of reconciliation, childcare, public transportation, health, recreation, education, training, and others. In addition, MPHM works to educate all Winnipeggers on the impact of poverty, so they can take action and contribute to the solution. MPHM has played a role in some key leaps forward for poverty reduction in Winnipeg, including leading advocacy for the provincial Rent Assist program and as a co-creator of the Poverty Reduction Strategy released by the City of Winnipeg. MPHM’s chair, Michael Barkman, notes that Winnipeg’s size means it has a strong sense of collaboration and community, which is crucial to political advocacy and poverty reduction work. But challenges remain – reducing child poverty is an important focus, and key to the work around truth and reconciliation. Poverty in Winnipeg is racialized and disproportionately Indigenous, and Barkman notes there is an obvious link between decolonizing and working towards ending poverty. There is so much knowledge and wisdom to gain from Indigenous communities in Manitoba, and MPHM feels it is important to let that knowledge lead the process of moving forward. “Addressing poverty is a spectrum - supports are needed today but we also need to take systemic action to end it. The pandemic has exacerbated inequities that already existed in our community.” -Michael Barkman, Make Poverty History Manitoba SDG 1: No Poverty Civil Society Spotlights An income distribution map at a Make Poverty History Manitoba community consultation in 2017. (John Woods / Winnipeg Free Press / March 21, 2017).

Winnipeg and the SDGs: A Voluntary Local Review of Progress 2021 31 At SEED Winnipeg, work to reduce poverty and renewing Winnipeg’s inner city is done primarily through financial empowerment. Programs are based on Community Economic Development principles, which means communities initiate and generate their own solutions to their common economic problems. SEED’s programs include business development supports, credential recognition supports, and micro-loans for skilled immigrants, access to identification, tax filing, financial literacy, matched savings, and a financial help line. Last year alone, SEED and partner agencies worked with community members to access over $16 million in benefits and assets, secure over 700 pieces of ID, and open 63 RESPs. Over 4,000 community members attended financial literacy or coaching sessions and 488 service providers attended ‘train the trainer’ or capacity building sessions. In addition, 10 businesses were launched or expanded, and 11 jobs were created. In addition to their programs, SEED works in partnership with Indigenous community members and organizations to reduce the ongoing impact of colonization by taking action on the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and also works in partnership with other organizations and across sectors to scale program delivery and combine efforts to address systemic barriers. “SEED envisions a world where opportunities exist for all people and communities to realize their hopes. In the next 5 to 10 years we would like to see a substantial reduction in poverty, economic inequality and racial inequities.” -Louise Simbandumwe, Co-Director, SEED Winnipeg Inc. SDG 1: No Poverty

26 SDG 1: No Poverty There are multiple dimensions that can lead to poverty, and Peg includes a range of measures to track poverty in Winnipeg. Peg tracks Canada’s official measure of poverty, the Market Basket Measure, as well as Low Income Cut-Off (After-tax), the percentage of people who must spend a large amount of their income on basic needs. Winnipeg and the SDGs: A Voluntary Local Review of Progress 2021 27 Market Basket Measure Market basket measure (MBM) tracks the percent of individuals living on a low income based on the cost of a specific basket of goods and services required to meet basic needs in various areas of Canada. In 2019, 10% of Winnipeggers in the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) were living on a low income based on the MBM. While this number has decreased since 2015 (13.2%), it remains higher than the Canadian rate in 2019 (8.2%). Market Basket Measure (MBM) - 2008 Base Source: Statistics Canada27 25 20 15 10 5 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Percentage of Population Year Winnipeg (CMA) Canada SDG 1: No Poverty Trails along Winnipeg’s Red River. (Mikaela Mackenzie / Winnipeg Free Press / September 24, 2021.) 28 Low Income Cut-off After Tax (LICO-AT) Low income cut-off (after tax) measures the percentage of all people that spend a higher-than-average percentage of their income on basic needs (1992 base). In 2019, 9.9% of Winnipeggers in the CMA lived below the low income cut-off (after tax), compared to 6.5% Canada-wide. The number of Winnipeggers in the CMA who are living below the after-tax low income cut-off has decreased since 2015 (13.3%). Low Income Cut-Off, After Taxes SDG 1: No Poverty Source: Statistics Canada 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Percent (1992 Base) Year Winnipeg (CMA) Canada Winnipeg and the SDGs: A Voluntary Local Review of Progress 2021 29 What We’re Doing All levels of government, community groups, and Peg recognize that poverty is both visible and complex. Poverty disproportionately harms children, Indigenous peoples, and recent immigrants living in Winnipeg. Groups who are more likely to experience poverty in Winnipeg include people of colour, people with a disability, 2SLGBTQQIA+ people, and lone parents, especially women – and people can be members of multiple groups, increasing the likelihood they will experience poverty. Poverty in Winnipeg tends to be geographically concentrated in the inner city, although suburban communities have pockets of poverty.28 Poverty is a complicated issue with many contributing factors. Systemic factors, including policy, can often play a role in determining which groups are more likely to be marginalized and by how much. Conversely, policies can also result in certain groups being advantaged. Federal and provincial levels of government have jurisdiction over key areas that can support poverty reduction, including housing, health, education, and income support. Federally, poverty is addressed through Canada’s National Poverty Reduction Strategy, with targeted support to the Canada Child Benefit, increases to the Guaranteed Income Supplement, and the National Housing Strategy. The Province of Manitoba oversees the Manitoba Poverty Reduction Strategy, which has set a target of reducing the child poverty rate by 25% by 2025, compared to the baseline year of 2015. The strategy also commits to working with the federal government and other parties to support the federal goals of reducing the national poverty rate by 20% by 2020 and 50% by 2030.29 Municipalities may also have a role in reducing poverty. The City of Winnipeg approved its first Poverty Reduction Strategy in November 2021. The Strategy is based around eight goals, which address systems change, affordable housing, employment and income opportunities, community well-being supports, transportation, equitable city services, food security, and community safety.31 Winnipeg has a strong group of community organizations working to address the root causes of poverty. The Winnipeg Poverty Reduction Council, led by United Way Winnipeg, includes representatives from federal, provincial and municipal governments who can provide recommendations on poverty reduction. The Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives brought together civil society groups to write the Winnipeg Without Poverty Plan in 2018 to advocate for a municipal poverty reduction strategy that matches other Canadian cities. With a deep understanding of the interconnectedness between housing and poverty, End Homelessness Winnipeg was established in 2015 to implement the 10-year Plan to End Homelessness in Winnipeg. In 2020 they released Kíkinanaw Óma: A Strategy to Support Unsheltered Winnipeggers, which brought together first responders, City of Winnipeg officials, community agencies, and those with lived experience to develop strategies to advance unsheltered individuals with their right to housing. SDG 1: No Poverty

UN SDGs 54 4.3 Continuous reduction of the poverty rate Improving policy system on targeted poverty alleviation continuously Strengthening capacity building of poor people Prioritize education before poverty alleviation Alleviating poverty by developing industries “Internet plus Poverty Alleviation” Per capita disposable income: in 2020, the per capita disposable income of all residents was 71, 210 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.5% Minimum living allowance: increasing from 640 yuan per person per month in 2015 to 900 yuan in 2020 Yiwu Voluntary Local Review 55 4.3.1 Overview and Background Although significant progress has been made in global poverty reduction, the world still faces enormous challenges in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and eliminate poverty in all forms by 2030. Yiwu is a city with prosperous business offering a broad platform for entrepreneurship and employment. Urban and rural development is relatively balanced, but there are still a certain number of the elderly, sick, disabled, persons without capability to work, low-income families, and disaster-stricken people. Most of them live in remote mountainous areas and rely heavily on the aid and assistance of the government. According to its actual economic situation, Yiwu has vigorously carried out poverty alleviation and poverty reduction work, and established a system of social insurance assistance, assistance for poverty due to illness and disability, assistance for housing difficulties, assistance for education and growth, assistance for employment and entrepreneurship, assistance for spiritual care, government staff pairing up with the people in need, and common social support. With a view to lifting low-income families out of poverty by increasing their income and reducing the burden on families suffering from diseases and disabilities, Yiwu has taken multiple measures to upgrade and expand targeted poverty alleviation, to ensure that no one is left behind in poverty alleviation. Yiwu has mobilized non-government forces to provide free Temporary assistance: extended to the migrant population, with the maximum amount of assistance up to 100, 000 yuan Aid and assistance for poverty alleviation: financial aid of 93.249 million yuan to Wenchuan + the implementation of 61 projects UN SDGs 56 legal services to five groups of people: the rural migrant workers in need, the disabled, the elderly, women and minors. In addition to alleviating its own poverty, Yiwu has also helped the central and western regions to eliminate poverty and formed a partnership with Wenchuan County in Sichuan Province to carry out in-depth assistance work. 4.3.2 Overall Progress With its economic and social development, the poverty alleviation in Yiwu has changed from relief and regional development to targeted poverty alleviation, which has made a historic leap. In the past decade, in particular, the scale of the population in poverty has been greatly reduced; the incidence of poverty has continued to decline; and remarkable results have been achieved in poverty reduction. Through the construction of a system of social insurance assistance, assistance for poverty due to illness and disability, assistance for housing difficulties, assistance for education and growth, assistance for employment and entrepreneurship, assistance for spiritual care, government staff pairing up with the people in need, the city has been conducting a series of work such as care for the young, education for students, pay for work, medical care for the ill, pension for the elderly, roof for the head and support for the weak. In 2020, the income continued to grow steadily, with the per capita disposable income of residents in Yiwu reaching 71, 210 yuan, up by 4.5%, of which the per capita disposable income of urban residents reached 80,137 yuan, with an increase of 3.9%, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents reached 42,158 yuan, with an increase of 6.7%. The urban-rural income ratio was 1.90:1, with the gap continuing to shrink steadily. In terms of e-commerce assistance, Yiwu gives full play to its advantages of e-commerce to support Wenchuan's development of e-commerce industry, guide and encourage Yiwu e-commerce enterprises to cooperate with Wenchuan e-commerce, and introduce mature e-commerce resources and experience to the counterpart area to Yiwu Voluntary Local Review 57 help Wenchuan cultivate local e-commerce companies. Since 2018, Yiwu has provided such targeted assistance as teacher training and E-Commerce practice base construction for the less developed areas in Sichuan and for the exhibitors of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers”. Meanwhile, Yiwu has explored market-oriented cooperation projects and cultivated a batch of sustainable development projects through the matching of superior resources in both places. At present, Yiwu has assisted Wenchuan with a total fund of 93.249 million yuan and implemented 61 projects to help Wenchuan get out of the rank of poverty-stricken counties and achieve poverty alleviation. 4.3.3 Specific Measures (1) Improving policy system on poverty alleviation continuously Yiwu has successively launched programmatic documents on the poverty alleviation, like Seven Major Action Plans to Double the Income of Low-income Farmers in Yiwu City, Implementation Opinions on Promoting Targeted Poverty Alleviation for Low-Income Families, clarifying 32 targeted poverty alleviation measures in 9 aspects in accordance with the division of responsibilities and forming a precise poverty alleviation system of “ONE-THREE-FIVE”, namely to improve ONE low-income identification and screening mechanism, to implement THREE relief actions of helping people in poverty due to illness, disability and housing difficulties, and to carry out assistance plans in FIVE aspects of education and growth, employment and entrepreneurship, spiritual care, government staff pairing up with the people in need and social assistance. (2) Identifying poverty alleviation targets more accurately Yiwu has regularly organized towns and districts to conduct surveys on the UN SDGs 58 situation of low-income families in the whole city, formulated investigation methods for low-income families, strengthened the classification and dynamic management of low-income families and implemented daily investigation responsibility to the grid and specific personnel to ensure the precise targets are helped properly in accordance with the investigation mechanism. Yiwu has also got the status of low-income farmers, the causes of poverty and their needs for assistance to deeply analyze the causes of poverty in low-income families, determine and implement the supporting measures of “One Household with One Policy by One Cadre”, and establish archives for low-income farmers to better understand the number and distribution of low-income farmers in the city, so as to lay a solid foundation for the implementation of the “Project of Low-income Rural Households for Well-off Life”. (3) Taking more powerful measures to alleviate poverty The standard of subsistence allowances has been raised steadily. The minimum living allowance rose from 640 yuan per person per month in 2015 to 900 yuan in 2020，achieving the goal of “eliminating low-income groups with a per capita income of less than 10,000 yuan a year”. The scope of temporary assistance has been expanded. Yiwu has comprehensively expanded the scope of assistance by breaking through the household registration restrictions to offer assistance to the migrant population and by greatly increasing the assistance standard, with a maximum amount of assistance up to 100,000 yuan. The form of assistance has been further enriched, from the original single grant of temporary relief to the grant of temporary relief as the priority, combined with relief services and referral services. The medical assistance model has been innovated. Yiwu has pioneered the model of “One-stop” medical assistance in Zhejiang Province, implementing the “Two-in-one” medical assistance model in which synchronized settlement can be realized between designated hospitals for medical insurance both within the city and Yiwu Voluntary Local Review 59 within the province. The proportions of medical assistance for households living on subsistence allowance, households living on marginal subsistence allowance, and illness-induced poor families have increased to 100%, 80%, and 70% respectively, with the annual maximum amount of medical assistance reaching 100,000 yuan. The minimum cost as a precondition for allowance has also been scrapped. Non-government forces are guided to participate. Yiwu Legal Aid Workstation for Migrant Workers, a public welfare social organization for legal aid, has been established, which, with professional social work concepts, has integrated and linked social resources to provide free legal services to the five groups of people, namely migrant workers in need, the disabled, the elderly, women, and minors, benefiting 11,475 people. Paired assistance and support has taken shape. According to the work requirements of “One Household with One Policy by One Cadre”, Yiwu has arranged government agencies to be paired up with relevant towns, districts and villages to visit low-income farmers in depth every year, formulated targeted assistance measures, and encouraged cadres with favorable economic conditions to provide some financial assistance to the paired low-income households every year. The action for happiness increase has been taken. Happiness increase posts have been set up for people who are unable to work in low-income families, with fixed salary paid on a monthly basis. The specific standard is dynamically adjusted every year according to the actual situation of funds and number of people. (4) Collaborating more effectively to alleviate poverty through E-commerce Relying on the physical markets with abundant supply of goods and the advantages of convenient and fast express delivery logistics, Yiwu has sustained entity increase in the E-Commerce industry, made active efforts in building an upward UN SDGs 60 (rural to urban) sales system for agricultural products, broadened their marketing channels, accelerated the integration of online and offline markets, and sped up the transformation and upgrading of rural E-Commerce to serve “Agriculture, Rural areas and Farmers” with E-Commerce to boost rural revitalization and poverty alleviation. Yiwu has been listed in “Top 50 Counties for E-Commerce of Agricultural Products in China” for many times. Yiwu is a partner city to assist Wenchuan County in Sichuan Province for poverty alleviation and cooperation in pairs between China’s eastern and western regions. In the process of E-Commerce assistance, Yiwu has given full play to the advantages of E-Commerce to support the development of E-Commerce industry in Wenchuan, guided and encouraged Yiwu E-Commerce enterprises to cooperate with Wenchuan counterparts and introduced mature E-Commerce resources and experience to the corresponding area to help Wenchuan cultivate local E-Commerce enterprises. In the past few years, with the help of Yiwu’s mature E-Commerce resources and technology, Wenchuan County has established 100 village-level E-Commerce service stations in 12 villages and towns and opened up the “last mile” of logistics to help people of all ethnic groups in the deep mountains sell agricultural products and specialties, and help thousands of households in Wenchuan get rich by means of the Internet. (5) Building a new platform of “Baixianwanpin” actively to alleviate poverty “Baixianwanpin” (which means “Tens of Thousands of Featured Products from Hundreds of Counties” literally), built by Yiwu Market Development Group, is a new model of consumption to support farmers and agriculture. Taking the advantage of Yiwu’s supply chain and the resources of online and offline platforms, Yiwu has helped more than 10,000 agricultural and sideline products and handicrafts from over Yiwu Voluntary Local Review 61 300 counties and cities in less developed regions go to the national and global markets, and created an “upgraded version” of platform for agricultural goods and services from poor areas, which not only helps consolidate poverty alleviation in the central and western regions, but also promotes the progress of a new paradigm of domestic and international dual-circulation development. “Baxianwanpin” Exhibition and Sales Center for Consumption Supporting Agriculture, covering an area of 6,100 m2 , is a place of “Agricultural Products Expo” that integrates the functions of agricultural products display and sales, shopping experience and live-streaming commerce.

80 81 Transfer service rate 1.3 Poverty—youth poverty 1.3 Poverty—child poverty 1.3 The transfer service rate considers basic benefts for jobseekers under Book II of the Social Code, basic benefts for old age and reduced earning capacity under Book XII of the Social Code, as￾sistance for subsistence outside institutions, and standard benefts under the Asylum Seekers’ Benefts Act. The receipt of state transfer payments for basic subsistence support is a key indica￾tor for assessing the social situation and, as a result, the need for sociopolitical action. The need for action and options for action depend not least on the age of the target group. In Dortmund, the number of recipients of state transfer payments has recently (2020) fallen slightly to 16.4%. A comparison with the national or state average is not possible due to different calculation bases. A considerable proportion of young people between the ages of 15 and 17 are affected by pover￾ty. This limits their opportunities to participate in society and develop their personalities. Youth poverty is often accompanied by lower educational opportunities, so the possibilities of qualifed vocational training may be limited. In Dortmund, the proportion of 15- to 17-year-olds affected by poverty has fallen slightly compared to 2015. This development can also be seen in a national comparison, where the share in 2020 was 9.9%, signifcantly lower than the share in Dortmund (24.3% in 2020), but in comparison with other large cities in NRW with similar numbers of inhab￾itants, the shares of youth poverty are similar. As mentioned above, the sustainability strategies of the federal government and the state of NRW do not include age-specifc targets on poverty. Child poverty is usually caused by the unemployment and poverty of parents. Possible conse￾quences can be the under-provision in important areas of life, such as housing or nutrition, and unequal educational and participation opportunities. In the city of Dortmund, the pro￾portion of under-15s affected by poverty has recently fallen slightly over time. This develop￾ment can also be seen in a national comparison, but here the proportion in 2020 was 13.1 %, signifcantly lower than the fgure for Dortmund (28.8 %), which tends to refect the devel￾opments in other large cities in NRW with similar numbers of inhabitants. The sustainabili￾ty strategies of the federal government and the state of NRW do not include any age-specif￾ic targets for poverty. However, in Goal 1.1.a., the German Sustainability Strategy pursues the general goal of keeping the “proportion of persons who are materially deprived (lack of cer￾tain durables, involuntary abstention from certain consumption for fnancial reasons) signif￾cantly below the EU28 value (28 states of the European Union by January 31, 2020) by 2030.” 2010 2015 2020 PERCENT 28.8 31.0 28.8 2013 2018 2020 PERCENT 16.2 16.6 16.4 2010 2015 2020 PERCENT 21.7 24.9 24.3 Recipients of transfer benefits (so￾cial minimum income benefits) as a percentage of the main resident population (provided by the city of Dortmund) Proportion of 15- to 17-year-olds affected by poverty Proportion of under-15s affected by poverty Poverty—old-age poverty 1.3 Old-age poverty describes the problem that arises when people, in some cases despite many years of employment, have a pension entitlement below the subsistence level when they reach retirement. In the coming years, this problem is likely to become more acute due to demograph￾ic change, pension reforms, and developments in the labor market. The possibilities for older people to actively change this situation are often limited, and old-age poverty can also increase isolation. In Dortmund, the proportion of people over 65 affected by poverty has risen slight￾ly but continuously over time. This development can also be seen in the German average, where the share in 2020 was 2.7% and thus signifcantly lower than the share in Dortmund (6.7%). The shares of old-age poverty in other large cities in NRW with similar numbers of inhabitants are also slightly below the share of the city of Dortmund. The sustainability strategies of the fed￾eral government and the state of NRW do not include any age-specifc targets on poverty. 2010 2015 2020 PERCENT 4.8 6.4 6.7 Proportion of people over-65s affected by poverty

“End poverty in all its forms everywhere” SDG 1 No Poverty Relevant targets for German municipalities include implementing social protection measures, ensuring a broad provision for the poor and vulnerable, increasing resilience in precarious situations and mobilising resources to end poverty in all countries of the Global South. 8.4 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 7.9 7.9 8.2 8.4 8.8 9.0 9.0 8.5 14 SDG 1 No Poverty In the period under review, the percentage of recipients of minimum social security benefts is between 7.9 and 9.0 percent. In the years from 2011 to 2016, it rises steadily and remains at a peak of 9. percent in 1. The extreme increase since 1 can be explained by the infux of refugees in 1/1, which also increased the number of those receiving standard benefts under the Asylum Seekers Beneft Act. This, in turn, increased the total proportion of people receiving minimum social security benefts. In 1, the proportion drops again for the frst time by . percentage points to . percent. Sources: Federal and State Statistical Offces State Capital Stuttgart, Statistics Offce (Population register) Figure 1: Recipients of minimum social security benefts (fgures in percent) Indicator 1.1: 4GEKRKGPVUQHOKPKOWOUQEKCNUGEWTKV[DGPGƂVU %NCUUKƂECVKQP&GƂPKVKQP Recipients of minimum social security benefts include SGB II / SGB :II benefts and the standard beneft under the Asylum Seekers Beneft Act. The indicator describes the level of the need for help within the municipality. The focus is on the fnancial, but also possible psychological burdens of those affected. The sustainability goal in this regard should be that the benefts for the people in need are suffcient that they can fnance their own lives. The appropriate / suitable measures for municipal planning are transfer beneft densities and minimum social security rates, as they refect the local need for state support to achieve a standard of living. The indicator refects the proportion of people actually receiv￾ing benefts. A problem arises from the unrecorded cases of people who are actually entitled to benefts but do not apply for them. Reasons for this include ignorance, shame or lack of self-confdence in dealing with authorities. The State Capital Stuttgart counteracts this by advising on how to apply and through outreach work. Furthermore, the indicator refers only to income poverty, although there are different defnitions of poverty. Today, poverty is often understood as a multidimensional concept not only refering to income or material poverty, but also to social, political, educational and cultural poverty. Often, but not necessarily, these different forms of poverty concur. The indicator calculates the proportion of people receiving benefts pursuant to SGB II and SGB :II or standard benefts pursuant to the Asylum Seekers Beneft Act in relation to the number of residents. Taking into account the benefts from the Asylum Seekers Beneft Act, the calculation deviates from that of the 2019 report. Calculation Recipients of minimum social security benefts 0umber of beneft recipients pursuant to SGB II and SGB :II + 0umber of standard benefts pursuant to the Asylum Seekers Beneft Act / Number of residents * 100 15 SDG 1 No Poverty 14.8 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 13.7 13.5 13.9 14.7 13.8 14.3 15.0 14.3 13.1 12.4 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 11.3 11.7 12.1 11.8 12.1 12.7 13.0 13.0 Source: Federal Labour Offce, State Capital Stuttgart, Statistics Offce (Population register) Source: “Wegweiser Kommune” of the Bertelsmann Foundation, State Capital Stuttgart, Statistics Offce From 2010 to 2019, child poverty varies around a fairly stable level of some 14 percent. 2013 and 1 see a sharp increase the latter can be attributed to the increased infux of refugees in this period. Since 1, the values have been falling and reach 1.1 percent in 19, the lowest level in the period under review. The proportion of adolescents and young adults jeopardised by poverty has been around 12 percent since 1 and is thus slightly lower than the proportion of children jeopardised by poverty. How￾ever, the number of jeopardised adolescents has been rising steadily since 2014. Figure 2: Child poverty (fgures in percent) Figure 3: Poverty among adolescents / young adults (fgures in percent) Indicator 1.2: Poverty among children, adolescents and young adults, the elderly and single parents SDG 1 No Poverty 16 3.8 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 34.2 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 33.5 34.8 33.1 35.7 33.6 34.0 34.2 32.5 31.1 Source: Federal Labour Offce, State Capital Stuttgart, Statistics Offce (Population register) Source: Federal Labour Offce, State Capital Stuttgart, Statistics Offce (Population register / Budget generation) Figure 4: Poverty among the elderly (fgures in percent) Figure 5: Poverty among single parents (fgures in percent) The level of poverty among the elderly is lower than the level of poverty among children and adolescents. However, the curve is different, as poverty among the elderly has increased almost continuously from 1 to . Here, the shift of level from . percent to .9 percent is significant. Some factors suggest that poverty among the elderly will continue to increase in future. The further increase in atypical employment, instable employment in the low-wage sector and employ￾ment histories with interruptions have long-term effects on the income available in old age. While private provision for old age has become increasingly important, the pension level is falling continuously due to changes in pension legislation in recent years and the demographic develop￾ment. For those affected, poverty among the elderly goes hand in hand with restrictions in nearly all areas of life.3 The proportion of single parents affected by poverty is much higher than that for the individual age groups. In the period from 2010 to 2019, between 31.1 and 35.7 percent of single parents in the State Capital Stuttgart received benefits pursuant to SGB II. The poverty risk of single parents has re￾mained at a high level for years and is more than four times higher than that of two-parent families with one or two children. In the State Capital Stuttgart, in every fifth family children grow up with only one parent.4 Children increase the poverty risk of a household, as they directly increase the house￾hold’s needs and, in addition, the care tasks make it difficult or even impossible to compensate by taking on additional work. Both the household’s needs and the care tasks increase with the number of children. In social and labour market politics, single parents are considered a population group with special socio-political support needs, as they cannot share providing for the family and caring for the children with another parent in the household.5 SDG 1 No Poverty 17 The reasons for the high risk of poverty among single parents are manifold. Difficulties in finding a balance between work and bringing up children play an important role. In the traditional distribution of roles, working mothers usually take on the role of additional earners and the man is the main breadwinner of the family. In the case of separation or divorce, mothers are faced with a difficult double burden and a poverty trap, because of increased living costs on the one hand, inadequate maintenance obligations of the fathers vis-¼-vis the mothers and, on the other hand, their income situation, which often put women in precarious situations. Single parents are often more affected by unemployment – a circumstance that is based on structural obstacles when it comes to a work-life (child-rearing) balance. Women still have a lower income compared to men, the increase in salaries is lower and, even with the same qualification, they earn less than men.6 %NCUUKƂECVKQP&GƂPKVKQP For certain population groups, such as single parents, women or children, there is an increased risk of poverty combined with a risk for social disadvantage. This is a case of social in￾equality since opportunities in life are often better for one group than another insofar as fnancial resources and living conditions are concerned.7 Growing up and living in poverty is associated with various limitations, obstacles and personal diffculties. Moreover, poverty and social exclusion jeopardise social cohesion. Therefore, in many felds and with different measures, the State Capital Stuttgart seeks to fght, ease and, at best, prevent poverty. According to the EU defnition, people are considered to be at risk of poverty if their income is less than 60 percent of the equivalent income of the total popula￾tion. This gauge of the risk of poverty is based on a relative defnition of poverty, which states that people have so little means that they are excluded from the minimum standard of living compared to the social environment in the respective EU member state. Calculation Child poverty is calculated as the propotion of beneft recipients pursuant to SGB II and SGB XII under the age of 15, plus the number of persons under the age of 15 in a community of dependence with beneft recipients pursuant to SGB II or SGB XII, in the population under the age of 15: 0umber of beneft recipients pursuant to SGB II / SGB XII under the age of 15 + Number of persons under the age of 15 in a community of dependence with beneft recipients pursuant to SGB II or SGB XII / Number of residents under the age of 15 * 100 The poverty of adolescents / young adults is calculated as the proportion of beneft recipients pursuant to SGB II / SGB :II between 15 and 17, plus the number of persons between 15 and 1 in communities of dependence with beneft recipients pursuant to SGB II or SGB XII in the population between 15 and 17 years of age: 0umber of beneft recipients pursuant to SGB II / SGGB XII between 15 and 17 + Number of persons between 15 and 17 in communities of dependence with beneft recipients pursuant to SGB II / SGB XII / Number of residents between 15 and 17 * 100 Poverty among the elderly is calculated as the proportion of beneft recipients pursuant to SGB :II  years and older in the population 65 years and older: 0umber or beneft recipients pursuant to SGB :II 65 years and older / Number of residents 65 years and older * 100 Poverty among single parents is calculated as the proportion of beneft recipients pursuant to SGB II in the number of single parents: Number of single parents with income support pursuant to SGB II / Number of single parents * 100 SDG 1 No Poverty 15.3 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 14.8 13.7 14.2 15.3 15.2 15.6 14.2 14.3 14.6 13.0 The proportion of social expenses in ordinary expenses in the Stuttgart budget fuctuates between 13.0 and 15.6 percent in the period under review. The highest rates were in 2010 and between 1 and 1. Most recently, the value dropped to 1 percent Source: State Capital Stuttgart, City Treasury Figure 6: Net social expense ratio (fgures in percent) Indicator 1.3: Net social expense ratio %NCUUKƂECVKQP&GƂPKVKQP Social benefts are, in particular, considered to be benefts provided by a municipality to mitigate social disparities to a third party without a return. This includes for instance basic benefts for job-seekers, SGB :II or AsylbLG (Asylum Seekers Beneft Act). Costs are partly offset by income, for example from the federal government. The indicator describes the percentage of the net resource requirement of the social sector in the total revenue of ordinary expenses and provides information on the extent to which the municipal budget is already defned and burdened by social benefts. This indicator also refers to the social status of the residents of a municipality. The proportion of social benefts in the overall budget should be as low as possible. Calculation Net social expense / Ordinary expenses * 100

18 2030 Agenda Barcelona SDG 1. End poverty in all of its forms, everywhere Goal 1 No poverty 1 No poverty 21 Barcelona Targets In today’s Barcelona, extreme poverty is re!ected above all in the impossibility of obtaining access to decent housing. The city’s collective commitment must con￾sist of being able to satisfy the basic needs of anyone living in the city who is facing such a serious situation. But as the Barcelona Plan for Combating Homelessness 2016-2020 states, we need to implement preventative policies in order to reduce the number of people who fall into, and are trapped by, severe situations of res￾idential exclusion. The assistance network is being subjected to ever increasing pressure, because of the growth in needs and because, in Catalonia, it is practi￾cally the only administration providing a response. At the beginning of 2020, Bar￾celona city had 2,200 residential and accommodation places for homeless people, a "gure which has grown by 750, due to the seven extraordinary facilities set up in order to ensure that no one has to sleep on the street during the pandemic. In the rest of Catalonia, there are fewer than 200 places. Half of the homeless people who have resorted to municipal services in the last two years had recently arrived in Barcelona, and one out of four assisted since the start of the pandemic are registered as residents outside the city. Achieving the proposed target therefore involves a more social and a more metropolitan focus, in terms of access to hous￾ing and in the response to homelessness. Operational target: Reduce the number of homeless people to less than 500 and ensure that all of them are assisted by the Assistance for Homeless Peo￾ple Network (XAPSLL) Localisable UN targets: 1.1. Eradicate extreme poverty for everyone in the world, currently measured by a per-person income of less than $1.25 a day. 1.2. Reduce, by at least half, the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty, in all of its dimensions, in accordance with national de"nitions. 1.3. Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including minimum levels and, by 2030, achieving substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnera￾ble. 1.4. Ensure that all men and women, especially the poor and vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technologies and "nancial services, including micro"nancing. 1.5. Foster the resilience of poor people and those in vulnerable situations, and reduce their exposure to extreme climate-related events and other economic, social and environmental crises and disasters. 1.a. Guarantee a signi"cant mobilisation of resources from various sources, even by means of improving cooperation for development, in order to provide suf"cient and predictable means to developing countries, particularly in less advanced countries, so that they can implement programmes and policies aimed at ending poverty in all of its dimensions. Municipal strategies and plans considered for the localisation of SDGs · Strategy for Inclusion and Reducing Social Inequalities 2017-2030. · Barcelona Plan for Combating Homelessness 2016-2020. · Strategy against the Feminisation of poverty in the City 2016-2024. · Strategy on Demographic Changes and Ageing 2018-2030. · Focus on Children and Citizens 2017-2020. · Barcelona Refuge City Plan. · Neighbourhood Plan for 2016-2022. · Right to Housing Plan 2016-2025. 1.1. In 2030, every Barcelona resident who becomes homeless will have a bed to sleep in and food on the table, and the number of homeless people will be significantly reduced 22 2030 Agenda Barcelona 1 No poverty 23 1.2. For 2030, greatly reduce the incidence of severe poverty in Barcelona, especially among younger people, while also ensuring that it does not disproportionately affect certain territories It is currently considered that material deprivation (de"ned as the inability to afford goods that are considered to be essential for living in society, due to a lack of eco￾nomic resources), is a phenomenon that best re!ects and therefore best measures poverty. Households suffering from material deprivation are considered to be those where there is a forced lack of at least four out of the following nine elements: Paying expenses related to housing or to deferred purchases without falling into arrears; able to go on holiday for at least one week a year; able to make a meal with meat, chicken or "sh (or the vegetarian equivalent) at least once every two days; able to cope with unforeseen expenses; able to afford a telephone (includ￾ing a mobile phone); able to keep the home at a reasonable temperature; able to afford to own the following consumer items: A colour TV, a washing machine and a car. The target sets out a "rmer commitment in the case of children, because it is a proven fact that when a person suffers from these situations during the "rst years of their life, it has a very severe effect on their life opportunities. Lastly, the target also includes a metropolitan dimension, as a result of a desire for social and territorial cohesion. Operational target: Get Barcelona’s rate of severe material poverty to below 2%, also for the population under the age of 16, and to below 3% for the Bar￾celona Metropolitan Area as a whole 24 2030 Agenda Barcelona 1 No poverty 25 1.4. By 2030, ensure easy access to municipal social services The current system of rights and freedoms ensures legal equality when accessing economic resources and ownership, although, in reality, this access ends up being very unequal. In terms of basic goods and services, public involvement is needed so that everyone can have access to them. Based on the mandate of the 2030 Agenda and the current situation in Barcelona, we consider that basic goods and services include housing (contained in Target 1.1.), food (2.1.), healthcare (3.8.), education for 0-16 years olds (4.1. and 4.2.), care and attention in dependency situations (5.4.), water and sanitation (6.1. and 6.2.), energy to maintain the home at an adequate temperature (7.1.), access to Internet (9.c.), culture (10.3.),housing (11.1.), transport (11.2.) and security (16.1.). Municipal social services are the gateway to the demand for public support in accessing some of these services. It is vital for these services to be close to the territory, receptive and efficient, as established in Act 12/2007 on Social Services in Catalonia. Operational target: Guarantee that average waiting time for obtaining a first visit to muni￾cipal social services centres is less than 15 days 1.3. By 2021, ensure that the Minimum Living Income is available to everyone who needs it In the context of Barcelona, the extensive coverage mentioned in the UN’s Target 1.3. refers to a guaranteed income system. The national social-protection systems do not come under municipal jurisdiction, but their management and application lead to major local involvement. This is the case with the Citizens’ Income in Catalonia and the Minimum Living Income in Spain. Barcelona’s commitment is to ensure the fair and ef"cient application of these systems, collaborating on everything that is required. Operational target: Ensure that by 2021, the MLI’s rate of coverage according to objective need is above 95% 1 No poverty 27 1.a. Develop the international cooperation of cities in reducing poverty Operational target: Increase the number of projects in countries receiving Official Development Assistance which help to reduce poverty and improve the living conditions and opportunities of the vulnerable inhabitants of urban areas, through cooperative, social and solidarity economy programmes, and by improving municipal social programmes 1.5. By 2030, reducing the exposure of the most vulnerable people to crisis and disaster situations, as well as increasing their resilience for dealing with them The population with the greatest economic dif"culties are usually also the most exposed to disaster situ￾ations, along with children and senior citizens. Whether these situations are caused by natural phenom￾ena such as !ooding or heat waves, or of an economic, political or social nature such as "nancial crises or terrorist attacks, or caused by a virulent pathogen, such as COVID-19, it is necessary to work stra￾tegically and preventively on all plausible scenarios so that the need to respond to social emergencies does not grow exponentially, and so that when this is unavoidable, special care is taken to safeguard the needs of the most vulnerable people. Operational target: Get the annual number of people who need assistance due to social emergen￾cies to below 10,000, and to increase the community support networks for people in a vulnerable situation

18 Agenda 2030 Barcelona Objectiu 1 Fi de la pobresa ODS 1. Posar fi a la pobresa en totes les seves formes i a tot arreu 1 Fi de la pobresa 21 Fites ONU localitzables: 1.1. Eradicar per a totes les persones del món la pobresa extrema, actualment mesurada per un ingrés per persona inferior a 1,25 $ EUA al dia. 1.2. Reduir com a mínim a la meitat la proporció d’homes, dones, nens i nenes de totes les edats que viuen en la pobresa en totes les seves dimensions d’acord amb les defnicions de cada estat. 1.3. Posar en pràctica en l’àmbit nacional sistemes i mesures apropiades de protecció social per a totes les persones, nivells mínims inclosos i, per a 2030, aconseguir una àmplia cobertura de les persones que pateixen situacions de pobresa i vulnerabilitat. 1.4. Garantir que tots els homes i les dones, en particular les persones pobres i vulnerables, tinguin els mateixos drets als recursos econòmics, així com accés als serveis bàsics, la propietat i el control de les terres i altres béns, l’herència, els recursos naturals, les noves tecnologies apropiades i els serveis fnancers, incloses les micro-fnances. 1.5. Fomentar la resiliència de les persones pobres i aquelles que es troben en situacions vul￾nerables, i reduir la seva exposició i vulnerabilitat als fenòmens extrems relacionats amb el clima i altres crisis i desastres econòmics, socials i ambientals. 1.a. Garantir una mobilització signifcativa de recursos procedents de diverses fonts, fns i tot mitjançant la millora de la cooperació per al desenvolupament, per tal de proporcionar mit￾jans sufcients i previsibles als països en desenvolupament, en particular els països menys avançats, perquè implementin programes i polítiques encaminats a posar f a la pobresa en totes les seves dimensions. Estratègies i plans municipals considerats per a la localització de l’ODS · Estratègia d’Inclusió i de reducció de les desigualtats socials 2017-2030. · Pla de lluita contra el sensellarisme a Barcelona 2016-2020. · Estratègia contra la feminització de la pobresa a la ciutat 2016-2024. · Estratègia sobre canvi demogràfc i envelliment 2018-2030. · Focus Infància i Ciutadania 2017-2020. · Pla Barcelona Ciutat Refugi. · Plans de barris 2016-2022. · Pla pel dret a l’habitatge 2016-2025. Fites Barcelona 1.1 El 2030 tota persona resident a Barcelona que es quedi sense sostre tindrà un llit on dormir i un plat a taula, i el nombre de persones sense llar es reduirà fortament Actualment a Barcelona la pobresa extrema es refecteix sobretot en la impossibili￾tat d’accedir a un habitatge en condicions. El compromís col·lectiu de la ciutat ha de ser que qualsevol persona que visqui a la ciutat i que es vegi confrontada amb una situació tan greu com aquesta pugui satisfer les seves necessitats bàsiques. Però també, com apunta el Pla de lluita contra el sensellarisme de Barcelona 2016-2020, cal realitzar polítiques preventives per reduir el nombre de persones que cauen i resten atrapades en situacions d’exclusió residencial severa. La xarxa d’atenció rep una pressió cada cop més intensa, tant pel creixement de les necessitats com pel fet que, a Catalunya, és pràcticament l’única administració que hi està donant res￾posta. Així, a principis de l’any 2020 la ciutat de Barcelona comptava amb 2.200 places residencials i d’allotjament per a persones sense llar, les quals han crescut en 750 gràcies als set equipaments extraordinaris habilitats per garantir que en temps de pandèmia ningú hagi de dormir al carrer. A la resta de Catalunya les places no arriben a les 200. La meitat de persones sense llar que s’han adreçat als serveis municipals en els darrers dos anys pràcticament acabaven d’arribar a Barcelona, i una de cada quatre de les que s’han atès des de l’esclat de la pandèmia té la resi￾dència fora de la ciutat. Assolir la fta proposada demana, doncs, un enfocament més social i més metropolità, tant en l’accés a l’habitatge com en la resposta al sensellarisme. Fita operativa: Situar el nombre de persones sense llar per sota de les 500 i garantir que totes elles siguin ateses per la Xarxa d’Atenció a Persones Sense Llar (XAPSLL) Indicadors clau: ODSBCN-111 Percentatge de persones sense llar ateses (accedeixen a un recurs residencial públic, temporal o amb recolzament sostingut) Origen Propi Font Diagnosi del sensellarisme a Barcelona 2019 (http://www.bcn.cat/barcelonainclusiva/ca/2019/11/Diagnosi_sensellarisme_2019_WEB.pdf) Valor de referència 44,59% (any 2015) Valor fita 2030 100% de les persones amb un mínim de dos anys d’empadronament a la ciutat Perspectives d’anàlisi Municipis AMB / Districte / Sexe / Edat 22 Agenda 2030 Barcelona 1 Fi de la pobresa 23 ODSBCN-112 Nombre de persones residents a Barcelona (empadronades amb un mínim de dos anys d’antiguitat) sense llar Origen Propi Font Diagnosi del sensellarisme a Barcelona 2019 (http://www.bcn.cat/barcelonainclusiva/ca/2019/11/Diagnosi_sensellarisme_2019_WEB.pd)f Valor de referència 2.799 (any 2015) Valor fita 2030 Menys de 500 Perspectives d’anàlisi Municipis AMB / Districte / Sexe / Edat Atenció a persones sense llar 2015 0 0,00% 500 10,00% 1.000 20,00% 1.500 30,00% 2.500 3.000 50,00% 2.000 Habitatge inadequat (Estructures temporals no convencionals) Habitatge insegur (Sense pagar lloguer) Sense habitatge (Viuen temporalment a un alberg o allotjament amb recolzament sostingut) Sense sostre (En espai públic o pernocten a un alberg) % Ateses (Pernocten a un alberg, hi viuen temporalment o allotjades amb recolzament sostingut). Eix dreta 40,00% 3.500 60,00% 80,00% 70,00% 90,00% 100,00% 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 INDICADOR 111: Totes les persones sense llar ateses per la XAPSLL INDICADOR 112: Reduir el nombre de persones residents a Barcelona sense llar per sota de les 500 500 100% 434 2.799 424 996 945 3.383 415 438 1.303 1.227 3.684 498 562 1.338 1.286 44,59% 46,35% 43,35% 1.2 Per al 2030, reduir fortament la incidència de la pobresa severa a Barcelona, especialment entre la població més jove, vetllant també perquè no afecti desproporcionadament determinats territoris Actualment es considera que la privació material (defnida com la incapacitat d’accedir, per falta de recursos econòmics, a béns que són considerats essencials per viure en societat), és el fenomen que refecteix millor, i per tant permet mesurar millor, la pobresa. Es consideren llars amb privació material severa aquelles on hi ha una mancança forçada de com a mínim 4 dels 9 elements següents: Pagar sense endarreri￾ments rebuts de l’habitatge o de compres ajornades; poder anar de vacances almenys una setmana a l’any, poder fer un àpat de carn, pollastre o peix (o l’equivalent vegetarià) almenys cada dos dies, poder afrontar despeses imprevistes, poder permetre’s un telèfon (incloent telèfon mòbil), poder mante￾nir l’habitatge a una temperatura adient, poder permetre’s els següents objectes de consum: TV en color, rentadora i cotxe propi. La fta planteja un compromís més ferm en el cas de la població infantil, perquè és un fet comprovat que el patiment d’aquestes situacions durant els primers anys de vida té un impacte molt sever sobre les oportunitats vitals de la persona. Finalment, la fta també incorpora una dimensió metropoli￾tana, refex d’una voluntat de cohesió social i territorial. Fita operativa: Situar la taxa de privació material severa per sota del 2% a Barcelona, també en la població menor de 16 anys, i inferior al 3% al conjunt de l’Àrea Metropoli￾tana de Barcelona Indicador clau: ODSBCN-121 Taxa de privació material severa Origen Propi (inclòs a l’Estratègia d’inclusió i de reducció de les desigualtats socials 2017-2030) Font Estadístiques Metropolitanes de Condicions de Vida. (https://iermbdb.uab.cat/index.php?ap=0&id_cat=424) Valor de referència Població de Barcelona 4,6%; població menor de 16 anys de Barcelona: 4,8%; població AMB: 5,3% (anys 2016-2017) Valor fita 2030 Inferior al 2%, en el conjunt de la població i, específicament, en la població menor de 16 anys. Inferior al 3% al conjunt de l’AMB Perspectives d’anàlisi Municipis AMB / Districte / Sexe / Edat 24 Agenda 2030 Barcelona 1 Fi de la pobresa 25 1.3 El 2021, assegurar que l’Ingrés Mínim Vital arribi a totes les persones que el necessiten L’àmplia cobertura que s’esmenta a la fta 1.3. de Nacions Unides es refereix, en el context de Barcelona, a un sistema de renda garantida. Els sistemes nacionals de protecció social no són una competència municipal, però la seva gestió i aplicació acaben generant una forta implicació local. És el cas de la renda de ciutadania a Catalunya i de l’ingrés mínim vital a Espanya. El compro￾mís de Barcelona és vetllar per una aplicació justa i efcaç d’aquests sistemes, col·laborant en tot allò que calgui. Fita operativa: Situar l’any 2021 el grau de cobertura de l’IMV segons necessitat objectiva per sobre del 95% Indicador clau ODSBCN-131 Percentatge de persones que, complint els requisits objectius per rebre l’Ingrés Mínim Vital, el reben efectivament Origen Propi Font Pendent concretar font Valor de referència Pendent Valor fita 2030 Per sobre del 95% Perspectives d’anàlisi Districte / Sexe / Edat Privació material severa INDICADOR 121A: Inferior al 2% en el conjunt de la població de Barcelona (calculat segons llindar Barcelona) INDICADOR 121B: Inferior al 2% en població 0-15 anys de Barcelona (calculat segons llindar Barcelona) INDICADOR 121C: Inferior al 3% en la població de l'AMB (calculat segons lindar AMB) 1.4 Per al 2030 garantir un accés àgil als serveis socials municipals El sistema de drets i llibertats vigent garanteix la igualtat jurídica a l’hora d’accedir als recursos econòmics i la propietat, tot i que en realitat aquest accés acaba sent molt desigual. Pel que fa als béns i serveis bàsics, la implicació pública és necessària perquè tothom hi pugui accedir. Partint del mandat de l’Agenda 2030 i del context de la Barcelona actual, considerem béns i serveis bàsics l’habitatge (recollit a la fta 1.1.), l’alimentació (2.1), l’assistència sanitària (3.8), l’educació en l’etapa 0-16 (4.1. i 4.2), l’atenció i la cura en situació de dependència (5.4), l’aigua i el sanejament (6.1 i 6.2), l’energia per mantenir la llar a una temperatura adequada (7.1), l’accés a Internet (9.c.), la cultura (10.3.), l’habitatge (11.1), el transport (11.2) i la seguretat (16.1). Els serveis socials municipals són la porta d’entrada a la demanda de suport públic per accedir a alguns d’aquests serveis. És clau que aquests serveis siguin propers al territori, receptius i eficaços, tal i com recull la Llei 12/2007 de Serveis Socials de Catalunya. Fita operativa: Garantir que el temps mitjà d’espera per accedir a la primera visita dels centres de serveis socials municipals estigui per sota dels 15 dies Indicador clau: ODSBCN-141 Mitjana de dies d’espera entre la data de visita al Centre de Serveis Socials i la data en què va ser programada la visita Origen Propi Font Àrea de Drets Socials. Dades recollides a: https://qcm.bcn.cat Valor de referència 31,27 (desembre de 2015) Valor fita 2030 Inferior a 15 dies Perspectives d’anàlisi Districte Accés als béns i serveis bàsics INDICADOR 1.4: Temps mitjà d'espera (dies) per 1ª visita als serveis socials municipals 2015 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 25,0 30,0 20,0 35,0 40,0 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 31,27 28,28 27,41 24,94 21,20 15,00 2016 /17 0,0% 2,0% 4,0% 6,0% 10,0% 12,0% 8,0% 2018 /19 2017 /18 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 5,3% 4,6% 4,8% 4,9% 4,7% 3% 4,5% 6,7% 9,9% 4,5% 2,0% 1 Fi de la pobresa 27 1.5 Per al 2030 reduir l’exposició de les persones més vulnerables a situacions de crisi o desastre, així com incrementar la seva resiliència per fer-hi front La població que té més difcultats econòmiques sol ser també la més exposada, juntament amb els infants i les persones grans, enfront les situacions de desastre. Tant si aquestes són causades per fenò￾mens naturals, com els aiguats o les onades de calor, com si són d’índole econòmica, política o social, com les crisis fnanceres o els atemptats, o provocades per un patogen virulent, com el COVID19. Cal treballar de forma estratègica i preventiva en tots els escenaris plausibles perquè la necessitat d’atendre urgències i emergències socials no creixi exponencialment, i perquè quan això resulti inevitable, es vetlli especialment per les necessitats des persones més vulnerables. Fita operativa: Situar el nombre de persones que necessiten ser ateses anualment per urgència o emergència social per sota de les 10.000 i incrementar les xarxes comunitàries de suport a les persones en situació de vulnerabilitat Indicadors clau: ODSBCN-151 Nombre de persones ateses pel Centre d’Urgències i Emergències Socials (CUESB) Origen Propi Font Memòria de l’Àrea de Drets Socials Valor de referència 22.185 (any 2015) Valor fita 2030 Inferior a 10.000 Perspectives d’anàlisi Districte / Sexe / Edat ODSBCN-152 Nombre de xarxes comunitàries de suport a les persones en situació de vulnerabilitat Origen Propi Font Pendent concretar font Valor de referència Pendent Valor fita 2030 Superior als valors de període 2015-2019 Perspectives d’anàlisi Districte 1.a Desenvolupar la cooperació internacional de ciutat en la reducció de la pobresa Persones ateses pel Centre d'Urgències i Emergències Socials Persones ateses en emergència social (riscos col·lectius, calamitats o catàstrofes extraordinàries que afectin a persones i col·lectius que posin en risc l’equilibri emocional) Persones ateses en urgència social (pèrdua sobtada d’autonomia, greu risc de manca de recursos, necessitats peremptòries bàsiques i urgents, maltractaments i abandonament, ...) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 0 500 1.000 1.500 2.500 3.000 2.000 22.185 28.145 23.420 21.082 10.000 2.080 20.105 2.986 25.162 1.505 21.915 2.301 18.781 Fita operativa: Augmentar els projectes en països receptors d’Ajut Ofi￾cial al Desenvolupament que contribueixin a reduir la pobresa i a millorar les condicions del vida i les oportunitats dels habitants vulnerables en àrees urbanes, a través de programes d’economia cooperativa, social i solidària, i de millora de programes socials municipals Indicador clau: ODSBCN-1a1 Recursos del programa municipal de Justícia Global destinats a l’objectiu de la reducció de la pobresa Origen Propi Font Memòria del Programa de Justícia Global Valor de referència 374.720 € (any 2019) Perspectives d’anàlisi Àrea geogràfica / Tipus de projecte

1.1 Toda persona residente en Barcelona que se quede sin techo tendrá una cama donde dormir y un plato en la mesa, y el número de personas sin hogar se redu￾cirá notablemente 1.2 Reducir notablemente la incidencia de la pobreza grave en Barcelona, en especial entre la población más joven, velando también por que no afecte despropor￾cionadamente a determinados territorios 1.3 Asegurar que el ingreso mínimo vital llegue a todas las personas que lo necesitan 1.4 Garantizar un acceso ágil a los servicios sociales municipales 1.5 Reducir la exposición de las personas más vulnerables a situaciones de crisis o desastre, así como incrementar su resiliencia para hacerles frente 1.a Desarrollar la cooperación internacional de ciudad en la reducción de la pobreza Erradicar la pobreza en todo el mundo y en todas sus formas ODS1 Metas de Barcelona para el año 2030 11 Situación de los indicadores Descripción de los avances y acción municipal por ODS La lucha contra la pobreza en todas sus formas ha tenido como ejes principales de la acción mu￾nicipal las medidas para afrontar el fenómeno del sinhogarismo (meta 1.1) y la atención a personas sin recursos a través de los servicios sociales (meta 1.4). Antes de la pandemia dormían en la vía pública de Barcelona más de 1.000 personas, y más de 2.000 estaban alojadas en recursos residenciales, públi￾cos o privados. Cuando se decretó el estado de alarma el Ayuntamiento, en colaboración con enti￾dades sociales de la ciudad, aplicó un plan de con￾tingencia para garantizar la atención de todas estas personas y velar por su salud en una situación de alto riesgo y complejidad. A tal efecto se creó un dispositivo extraordinario y pro￾visional de alojamiento colectivo en los espacios de Fira de Barcelona. También se llegó a acuerdos con hoteles para acoger a personas sin hogar infectadas por COVID-19. Desde entonces se ha trabajado para derivar a todas las personas sin techo a residencias y otros recursos de alojamiento. Por ejemplo, el Ayun￾tamiento ha alquilado viviendas turísticas vacías por falta de demanda para alojar a familias que están en albergues o pensiones y que se prevé que en un tiem￾po de máximo dos años dispongan de una vivienda proveniente de la Mesa de Emergencias. El resultado fue la creación de cerca de 500 nue￾vas plazas de acogida para situaciones de emer￾gencia habitacional, buscando un equilibrio entre la diferenciación de espacios (priorizando la in￾timidad y la seguridad) y la optimización de los recursos, para crear tantas plazas como fuera 12 necesario para responder a la emergencia sani￾taria y social. A falta de datos actualizados, pare￾ce que la habilitación de todos estos espacios ha reducido el número de personas que duermen en la calle, pero sigue aumentando el de personas que necesitan y solicitan ayuda para no acabar en esta situación.6 Eso re"eja uno de los otros elementos destacados en el análisis de este ODS, que es el aumento de la privación material, en línea con lo que se detecta en el contexto de Cataluña, España y varios Estados de la UE.7 Los fuertes impactos sociales y econó￾micos de la pandemia han exigido respuestas ur￾gentes y ambiciosas para garantizar los derechos sociales de la población afectada, sobre todo de las personas que ya se encontraban en situaciones de vulnerabilidad extrema. La ayuda alimentaria, el acceso a vivienda, los cui￾dados prestados a personas mayores y a personas cuidadoras, así como las moratorias de desahu￾cios, han sido las medidas de protección social más destacables. De hecho, en el año 2020 se llegó al máximo histórico de actividad de los servicios so￾8 https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/dretssocials/sites/default/#les/revista/04_op_albert_sales_bcn26.pdf Sales, A. “El sensellarisme s’agreuja amb la Covid-19. Mesures d’emergència i perspectives de futur”, Barcelona Societat, n.º 26. 9 Véase https://govern.cat/govern/docs/2021/07/15/08/14/98d9648e-8982-4b9a-a503-743fceda3bce.pdf para los re￾sultados en Cataluña y https://www.ine.es/prensa/ecv_2020.pdf para los resultados en el conjunto de España. ciales (95.042 personas atendidas), un aumento del 11 % respecto del año 2019. La respuesta fue ágil y contundente. El tiempo de espera para acceder a la primera visita de los servicios sociales bajó de tres semanas a poco más de dos. En términos de esfuer￾zo presupuestario, durante el año 2020 se gastaron veinte millones de euros más de los inicialmente pre￾supuestados. El presupuesto aprobado para el año 2021 consolida la mayor parte de este aumento. Otro elemento de#nitorio de la política municipal de lucha contra la pobreza es el fondo de infancia 0-16. En el 2020, fue ampliado con un fondo de emergencia que permitió llegar a hogares con pobreza sobrevenida a partir del estado de alarma del mes de marzo. En la convocatoria del 2021 se han destinado 13,5 M€ y se han dirigido a 25.000 niños y niñas y 17.000 familias. Otras medidas destacadas para la meta 1.4 in￾cluyen la apertura del nuevo Centro de Atención Integral, Social y Comunitaria en la zona de La Marina y el incremento de la e#cacia de los ser￾vicios sociales, a través de la O#cina Virtual de Atención Social, la Plataforma de apoyo a las fa￾milias monoparentales o el simulador de ayudas. 13 PA: Pressupost Aprovat. PE: Pressupost Executat. PIM: Pla d’Inversions Municipals Un pilar fundamental del cumplimiento de las metas del ODS 1 será el mantenimiento de la red de seguridad que proveen los servicios sociales, complementada y reforzada por la iniciativa so￾cial, a través de las entidades ya establecidas o de las redes comunitarias que puedan surgir para hacer frente a las situaciones de emergen￾cia. Durante la fase de con#namiento se llegaron a contabilizar 90, muchas de ellas centradas en garantizar la alimentación de las personas más vulnerables. La respuesta institucional a la crisis sociosanitaria también ha evidenciado la necesidad de mejorar la coordinación multinivel para dar respuestas más efectivas a las necesidades sociales. Una cuestión pendiente para el seguimiento de este ODS es la generación de datos sobre el núme￾ro de ciudadanos y ciudadanas en situación de pobreza que serán efectivamente atendidos (en cobertura y su#ciencia) por los sistemas de pro￾tección social estatales y autonómicos, y espe￾cialmente por las garantías de rentas (ingreso mí￾nimo vital, meta 1.3). Aunque no sea una política de su competencia, el Ayuntamiento tiene ante sí el reto de conseguir que estos recursos lleguen a todas las ciudadanas y ciudadanos de Barcelona que los necesiten. 14 Innovación social: transformando la realidad para mejorar el bienestar de los vecinos y vecinas de Barcelona La innovación social es un rasgo de identidad del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona y una herramienta clave para reducir las desigualdades y proteger los derechos sociales de la población. La medi￾da de gobierno de innovación social “Transfor￾mando la realidad para mejorar el bienestar de los vecinos y vecinas de Barcelona 2021-2023” pretende potenciar este esfuerzo, especialmen￾te necesario a raíz de la pandemia. La estrate￾gia municipal de innovación social persigue dos grandes objetivos: mejorar las respuestas a los problemas sociales y facilitar el acceso de la ciudadanía a los servicios sociales municipales, incorporando herramientas digitales y de inteli￾gencia arti#cial. Por ello, se priorizan un conjunto de 37 medidas innovadoras, articuladas en tres bloques estratégicos: 1. Derechos básicos y empoderamiento ciudada￾no; 2. Nuevo modelo social de ciudad: “Cuidé￾monos en comunidad”; 3. Transformación digi￾tal. El objetivo de la medida de gobierno es conseguir un modelo de gestión más e#caz y e#ciente, con servicios públicos de la máxima calidad, reducien￾do las cargas administrativas y optimizando los tiempos de respuesta a los ciudadanos y ciuda￾danas, y bajo los principios de la transparencia y el buen gobierno. Fuente: Medida de gobierno de innovación so￾cial “Transformando la realidad para mejorar el bienestar de los vecinos y vecinas de Barcelona 2021-2023”, https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/ dretssocials/sites/default/#les/arxius-documents/ mesura-govern-innovacio-social-2021.pdf; ht￾tps://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/dretssocials/ca/ innovacio-social Buena práctica destacada 15

The reference document for municipal policies against poverty and exclusion is the 2017-2027 Strategy for Inclusion and Reduction of Social Inequalities, which in 2020 was updated to 2030 and provided with new targets, in line with the SDGs. Also very relevant, due to the growing incidence of poverty in these sectors of the population, are the 2021-2030 Children’s Plan (chal￾lenges and actions to improve the lives and rights of children and adolescents in Barce￾lona), and the 2016-2024 Strategy against the feminisation of poverty and precarious￾ness in Barcelona. The 2021 Report of the Social Rights, Global Justice, Feminism and LGBTI Area details the work carried out in this area. Beyond the management reports, it is highly recommended to take a look at the more in-depth evaluation studies that have been carried out to estimate the social impacts of new programmes, such as the Fons 0-16 or the B-Mincome programme. There are also several recent studies that allow us to deepen our understanding of SDG 1 as applied to Barcelona. The mag￾azine Barcelona Societat published a mon￾ograph on the social impact of Covid. The FOESSA 2022 Report, with data from 2021, invites us to analyse poverty and exclu￾sion in post-Pandemic society, using the Diocese of Barcelona as the territory to be analysed. End poverty in all of its forms, everywhere SDG1 no poverty 11 Targets and indicators for Barcelona 1.1 Every Barcelona resident who becomes homeless will have a bed to sleep in and food on the table, and the number of homeless people will be significantly reduced As in other large European cities, Barcelona has seen a considerable increase in the number of homeless people in recent decades. Over the course of the last six years, there has been an increase of 44.4%, from 2,799 people without a home to 4,042. The health and social emer￾gency caused by Covid-19 has led to a consid￾erable increase in the number of people living on the streets or in substandard housing, a fact which, for the time being, makes it impossible to reduce the phenomenon of homelessness to a minimum. In parallel, the Barcelona Support Network for the Homeless (XAPSLL) has increased its resources for housing by 82% since 2008 (Diagnosis 2019). Thanks to this effort, the percentage homeless people attended by the XAPSLL has gradually increased year by year, reaching 55.2%, although there has been a parallel increase in the number of homeless people. In order to reach the target of 100% of people receiving assistance, it will be necessary to act on the economic and social factors that cause people to fnd themselves homeless, as well as to continue increasing the resources allocated to people who find themselves in this situation. Homelessness in Barcelona has been the sub￾ject of numerous studies, the most recent of which is a comprehensive report by the city’s Ombudsman. Also noteworthy is the report on the impact of housing insecurity and en￾ergy poverty on health. In terms of action, the 2016-2020 Barcelona Plan to Combat Home￾lessness continues to be the basic point of reference for understanding the municipal ap￾proach to homelessness. The report offers a fresh look at homelessness, which it sees as a violation of people’s right to housing (which is why it must be read in conjunction with the 2016-2025 Right to Housing Plan). The 945 1,227 1,286 1,587 1,145 996 1,303 1,350 1,658 1,982 424 438 562 915 575 434 415 498 404 340 500 44.6% 43.2% 100.0% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Inadequate housing (Structures temporary or unconventional Insecure housing (without paying rent) homeless living temporarily in a hostel or accommodation support sustained Homeless people (in public space or spending the night in a hostel) Percentage assisted (spending the night in a Living temporarily in a hostel temporarily accommodation with sustained support Accommodation Graph 1: Homeless people 2,799 3,383 3,684 Indicator 1.1.1: People attended by the Barcelona Support Network for the Homeless (XAPSLL). (Right axis) Indicator 1.1.2: Reduce the number of homeless Barcelona residents to below 500 4,042 4,564 Source: Area of Social Rights. 49.9% 55.2% 46.3% 12 driving principles of the plan are the per￾son-centred model, structural prevention and attention to situations of female homeless￾ness. In order to develop this frst point, in 2020 a Government measure for the pre￾vention of female homelessness and the introduction of a gender perspective in the care of homeless people was approved. 4.8% 4.5% 4.7% 7.5% 5.5% 6.5% 5.8% 5.7% 6.2% 5.4% 4.7% 7.0% 7.9% 6.1% 5.5% 6.3% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 2017 2018 2019 2020 Barcelona Catalonia Spain EU-27 Graph 3: Severe material deprivation (territorial comparison) Note: The data for Barcelona are calculated by combining samples from two consecutive years; 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020. Source: IERMB and Idescat. Survey on Living Conditions. 1.2 Greatly reduce the incidence of severe poverty, especially among younger people, while also ensuring that it does not disproportionately affect certain areas 4.8% 4.5% 4.7% 7.5% 5.3% 4.9% 6.3% 3.0% 4.6% 6.7% 9.9% 12.9% 2.0% 2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Barcelona [Barcelona Metropolitan Area] BMA Barcelona (0-15 years) Graph 2: Severe material deprivation Indicator 1.2.1a: Less than 2% for the population of Barcelona as a whole (calculated according to Barcelona threshold) Indicator 1.2.1b: Less than 2% for the Barcelona population aged 0 to 15 (calculated according to Barcelona threshold) Indicator 1.2.1c: Less than 3% for the population of the Barcelona Metropolitan Area (BMA) (calculated according to BMA threshold) Source: IERMB. Survey on living conditions. 4.5% 13 It is currently considered that material deprivation2 is the phenomenon that best refects and allows poverty to be measured. Graphs 2 and 3 show that the percentage of the population suffering from se￾vere material deprivation soared throughout 2020, mainly due to the effects of the health crisis. In Barcelona, the material deprivation rate has risen to 7.5%, 2.7% more than four years ago (4.8%). Unfortunately, we still do not have the results for 2021 for Barcelona, although the advanced data for Catalonia as a whole (7.3%) indicate that the situation still shows no signs of improvement. Therefore, the target of not exceeding 2% of the population living in severe material deprivation is still far from being achieved. Of particular concern is this indicator in the population under 16 years of age (12.9% for the years 2019-2020). The target for 2030 establishes an even stronger reduction in the case of the child population, because it is a proven fact that enduring these situations during the frst years of life has a very severe impact on a person’s life chances. To learn more about this issue, we recommend reading the report Material deprivation in Barcelona (2019). 2 Material deprivation is defned as the inability to access goods that are considered essential for living in society due to a lack of economic resources. Households suffering from material deprivation are considered to be those where there is a forced lack of at least four out of the following nine elements: Paying expenses related to housing or to deferred purchases without falling into arrears; able to go on holiday for at least one week a year; able to make a meal with meat, chicken or fsh (or the vegetarian equivalent) at least once every two days; able to cope with unforeseen expenses; able to afford a telephone (including a mobile phone); able to keep the home at a reasonable temperature; able to afford to own the following consumer items: A colour TV, a washing machine and a car. The target sets out a frmer commitment in the case of children, because it is a proven fact that when a person suffers from these situations during the frst years of their life, it has a very severe effect on their life opportunities. 1.3 Ensure that the Minimum Living Income is available to everyone who needs it This target refers to a beneft fnanced by the Central Government. The indicator is not yet available at city level. In the FOESSA Report on Exclusion and Social Development in the Diocese of Barcelona (results of the 2021 survey on Integration and social needs) states that in September 2021 there were a total of 42,173 people benefting from the MLI (Minimum Living Income) in the province of Barcelona. As for the Guaranteed Citizen Income, a beneft managed by the Government of Catalonia, in December 2020, 69,401 people in the province of Barcelona were receiving this beneft (p. 28). 1.4 Ensure easy access to municipal social services In order to cope with the increase in demand for social care, the Municipal Institute of Social Ser￾vices (IMSS) recruited more than a hundred new professionals to the teams in 2021 (95 more to the Social Services Centres, 25 more to the Children 22.9 28.5 25.0 22.2 20.4 10.9 12.4 15.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Graph 4: Access to the municipal social services Indicator 1.4.1: Average waiting time of less than 15 days for a first visit to the municipal social services Source: Area of Social Rights. 14 and Adolescent Care Teams and 3 more to the Care, Recovery and Shelter Service), with the support of the Generalitat. This reinforcement, together with the broadening of online and pro￾fessional assistance, has led to a notable re￾duction in the average waiting time for the frst assistance, down to 12.4 days, which is clear￾ly below the target set by the 2030 deadline (15 days). If we focus on basic services, it can be seen that in 2020, the peak of the pandemic’s im￾pact, the positive trend that Barcelona had experienced between 2017 and 2019 came to a halt. Similar to what happened in Catalo￾nia and Spain as a whole, bill payment delays soared, with the number of people affected almost doubling. 1.5 Reduce the exposure of the most vulnerable people to crisis and disaster situations, as well as increase their resilience to deal with them 9.1% 8.0% 4.9% 9.9% 7.6% 8.2% 7.5% 12.4% 8.8% 8.8% 7.8% 12.2% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% 2017 2018 2019 2020 Barcelona Catalonia Spain Graph 5: Access to basic utilities (territorial comparison) Indicator: % of people who have suffered fallen into arrears in the payment of bills or receipts for basic utilities (electricity, water, gas, etc.) in the last 12 months. Note: The data for Barcelona are calculated by combining samples from two consecutive years; 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020. Source: IERMB and INE. Survey on Living Conditions. 28,348 28,994 28,237 27,414 22,340 27,817 34,488 10,000 2,080 1,505 2,986 2,301 1,496 1,353 1,668 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 2015 2016 2107 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Number of persons assisted by the Centre for Urgent and Emergency Social Care (CUESB) People assisted in social interaction (collective risks, calamities or extraordinary catastrophes that affect people and groups that pose a risk to their emotional well-being) Graph 6: Assistance to people in situations of urgency or social emergencies Indicator 1.5.1: Less than 10,000 persons assisted by the Social Emergencies Centre (CUESB) Source: Area of Social Rights. 15 The Social Emergencies Centre complements the work of the social services centres and provides assistance to people in a situation of risk or so￾cial emergency, such as loss of housing, lack of resources for food, abuse due to gender-based violence and elder neglect. In 2021, 34,488 emer￾gencies were attended (with 35,584 people seen), compared to 27,817 emergencies (and 25,148 people) in 2020. This increase is linked to the so￾cial emergency caused by the pandemic, as well as to a greater number of home assessments and a signifcant increase in telephone consul￾tations. Furthermore, the Social Emergencies Service attends to people affected by a critical incident (such as a fatal road traffc accident, a home, a suicide, a fre, a landslide or a very ad￾verse weather conditions), who need immediate psychosocial care, including short-term accom￾modation. In 2021, 1,668 people experiencing a social emergency were attended, 23.3% more than in 2020. Beyond the reactive services, it is necessary to mention programmes that address social resil￾ience in a strategic and preventive manner. The Barcelona Neighbourhood Plan does so from different perspectives (support for education, community action, etc.). 1.a Develop the international cooperation of cities in reducing poverty See SDG 17, target 2. 16 BA: Budget Approved. BE: Budget Executed MIP: Municipal Investment Plan Planned investment in the MIP 2020-2023 for SDG 1 (amount in millions of euros and % of the total budget) 2.5 9.2 12.3 29.3 53.3 0.8% 1.8% 1.6% 3.9% 2.3% 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 BE 2020 BE 2021 BA 2022 BA 2023 MIP 20-23 BA: Budget Approved. BE: Budget Executed Current expenditure on SDG 1 (amount in millions of euros and % of the total budget) BA 2020 BE 2021 BA 2022 127.8 126.8 117.4 5.5% 5.4% 4.7% 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Budgetary effort indicators The budgetary effort indicators show a sta￾ble trend in current expenditure, at around 5%, with higher fgures in the budgets for 2020 and 2021 due to the extra resources earmarked to combat the effects of the pandemic. Investment expenditure has increased over the course of the term of offce. It should be borne in mind that a substantial part of social expenditure is in￾cluded in other SDGs, especially SDG 10 on reducing inequalities. 17

El documento de referencia de las políti￾cas municipales contra la pobreza y la ex￾clusión es la Estrategia de inclusión y de reducción de las desigualdades sociales 2017-2027, que el año 2020 fue reprogra￾mada a 2030 y se dotó de nuevos hitos, en diálogo con los ODS. También son muy relevantes, para la creciente incidencia de la pobreza en estos sectores de población, el Plan de infancia 2021-2030 (retos y ac￾tuaciones para mejorar las vidas y los de￾rechos de la infancia y la adolescencia en Barcelona), y la Estrategia contra la femi￾nización de la pobreza y la precariedad en Barcelona 2016-2024. La Memoria 2021 del Área de Derechos Sociales, Justicia Global, Feminismos y LGTBI rinde cuentas del tra￾bajo desarrollado en este ámbito. Más allá de las memorias de gestión es muy reco￾mendable echar un vistazo a los estudios de evaluación más exhaustivos que se han hecho para estimar los impactos sociales de programas nuevos, como el Fondo 0-16 o el programa B-Mincome. Por otro lado, hay varios trabajos recientes que permiten profundizar en el conocimiento del ODS 1 aplicado a Barcelona. La revista Barcelona Societat publicó un monográfico sobre los impactos sociales de la COVID-19. Por su parte, el Informe FOESSA 2022, con datos de 2021, invita al análisis de la pobreza y la exclusión en la sociedad pospandémica, en este caso tomando como territorio de análisis el de la Diócesis de Barcelona. ODS1 fin de la pobreza Poner fin a la pobreza en todas sus formas y en todo el mundo 11 Hitos e indicadores Barcelona 1.1 Toda persona residente en Barcelona que se quede sin techo tendrá una cama donde dormir y un plato en la mesa, y el número de personas sin hogar se reducirá notablemente Como en otras grandes ciudades de Europa, en Barcelona, en las últimas décadas, ha aumenta￾do de manera bastante considerable el número de personas sin hogar. En el transcurso de los últi￾mos 6 años, este incremento ha sido del 44,4 %, de manera que se ha pasado de 2.799 personas sin hogar a 4.042. Cabe destacar que la situación de emergencia sanitaria y social provocada por la COVID-19 ha incrementado considerablemente el número de personas que viven en la calle o en situación de infravivienda, lo que momento nos aleja del hito de reducir el fenómeno del sinhoga￾rismo a la mínima expresión. En paralelo, la Red de Atención a las Personas Sin Hogar (RAPSH) ha aumentado un 82 % los recursos para el alojamiento desde el año 2008 (diagnosis 2019). Gracias a este esfuerzo, el por￾centaje de personas sin hogar atendidas por la RAPSH ha ido aumentando progresivamente año tras año, hasta llegar al 55,2 %, a pesar del incre￾mento paralelo de personas sin hogar. Para llegar al hito del 100 % de personas atendidas se ten￾drá que actuar sobre los factores económicos y sociales que hacen que las personas acaben sin hogar, así como seguir aumentando los recursos destinados a las personas que se encuentran en esta situación. En Barcelona el sinhogarismo ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios, el más reciente de los cua￾les es un informe muy completo, efectuado por la Sindicatura de Greuges de la ciudad. También es destacable el informe sobre los impactos de la inseguridad residencial y la pobreza energética sobre la salud. En términos de acción, el Plan de lucha contra el sinhogarismo de Barcelona 2016- 2020 sigue siendo la referencia básica para en￾tender el abordaje municipal de este fenómeno. Supone una mirada nueva hacia el sinhogarismo, que entiende como una vulneración del derecho a la vivienda de las personas (por lo que se tie￾ne que leer junto con el Plan por el derecho a la 945 1.227 1.286 1.587 1.145 996 1.303 1.350 1.658 1.982 424 438 562 915 575 434 415 498 404 340 500 44,6 % 43,2 % 100,0 % 0,0 % 10,0 % 20,0 % 30,0 % 40,0 % 50,0 % 60,0 % 70,0 % 80,0 % 90,0 % 100,0 % 0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Vivienda inadecuada (estructuras temporales no convencionales) Vivienda insegura (sin pagar alquiler) Sin vivienda (viven temporalmente en un albergue o alojamiento con apoyo sostenido) Sin techo (en espacio público o pernoctan en un albergue) % atendidas (pernoctan en un albergue, viven temporalmente o alojadas con apoyo sostenido). Gráfico 1. Personas sin hogar 2.799 3.383 3.684 Indicador 1.1.1:personas sin hogar atendidas por la Red de Atención a las Personas Sin Hogar (XAPSLL). (eje derecha) Indicador 1.1.2: reducir el número de personas residentes en Barcelona sin hogar por debajo de las 500 4.042 4.564 Fuente: Área de Derechos Sociales. 49,9 % 55,2 % 46,3 % 12 vivienda 2016-2025). Las ideas que guían el plan son el modelo centrado en la persona, la preven￾ción estructural y la atención a las situaciones del sinhogarismo femenino. Para desarrollar este últi￾mo punto, en 2020 se aprobó una Medida de go￾bierno para la prevención del sinhogarismo feme￾nino y la introducción de la perspectiva de género en la atención a las personas sin hogar. 4,8 % 4,5 % 4,7 % 7,5 % 5,3 % 4,9 % 6,3 % 3,0 % 4,6 % 6,7 % 9,9 % 12,9 % 2,0 % 2,0 % 0,0 % 2,0 % 4,0 % 6,0 % 8,0 % 10,0 % 12,0 % 14,0 % 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Barcelona AMB Barcelona (0-15 años) Gráfico 2. Privación material severa Indicador 1.2.1a: inferior al 2 % en el conjunto de la población de Barcelona (calculado según el umbral de Barcelona) Indicador 1.2.1b: inferior al 2 % en población de 0-15 años de Barcelona (calculado según el umbral de Barcelona) Indicador 1.2.1c: inferior al 3 % en la población del Área Metropolitana de Barcelona (calculado según el umbral del AMB) Fuente: IERMB. Encuesta de condiciones de vida. 4,5 % 4,8 % 4,5 % 4,7 % 7,5 % 5,5 % 6,5 % 5,8 % 5,7 % 6,2 % 5,4 % 4,7 % 7,0 % 7,9 % 6,1 % 5,5 % 6,3 % 0,0 % 2,0 % 4,0 % 6,0 % 8,0 % 10,0 % 2017 2018 2019 2020 Barcelona Catalunya España UE-27 Gráfico 3. Privación material severa (comparativa territorial) Nota: Los datos de Barcelona se calculan a partir de la fusión de muestras de dos años consecutivos; 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020. Fuente: IERMB e Idescat. Encuesta de condiciones de vida. 1.2 Reducir notablemente la incidencia de la pobreza grave, especialmente entre la población más joven, velando también por que no afecte desproporcionadamente a determinados territorios 13 Actualmente, se considera que la privación material2 es el fenómeno que mejor refeja y permite medir la pobreza. En los gráfcos 2 y 3, vemos cómo el por￾centaje de población que sufre privación material se￾vera se disparó por todas partes a lo largo de 2020, sobre todo por los efectos de la crisis sanitaria. En Barcelona la tasa de privación material aumenta hasta el 7,5 %, un 2,7 % más que hace cuatro años (4,8 %). Desgraciadamente, todavía no disponemos de los resultados de 2021 para Barcelona, aunque los datos avanzados para el conjunto de Cataluña (7,3 %) indican que la situación sigue sin mostrar signos de mejora. Por lo tanto, queda todavía lejos el hito de no superar el 2 % de población con privación material severa. Resulta especialmente preocupante la situación de este indicador en la población menor de 16 años (12,9 % en los años 2019-2020). Preci￾samente, el hito para 2030 establece una reducción todavía mayor en el caso de la población infantil, porque es un hecho comprobado que sufrir estas situaciones durante los primeros años de vida ejerce un impacto muy grave sobre las oportunidades vita￾les de la persona. Para ampliar los conocimientos sobre este tema, recomendamos la lectura del informe Privación material en Barcelona (2019). 2 La privación material es defnida como la incapacidad de acceder, por falta de recursos económicos, a bienes que son considerados esenciales para vivir en sociedad. Se consideran hogares con privación material severa aquellos donde hay una carencia forzada de, como mínimo, 4 de los siguientes 9 elementos: Pagar sin retrasos recibos de la vivienda o de compras aplazadas; poder ir de vacaciones al menos una semana al año, poder hacer una comida de carne, pollo o pescado (o el equivalente vegetariano) al menos cada dos días, poder afrontar gastos imprevistos, poder permitirse un teléfono (incluyendo el teléfono móvil), poder mantener la vivienda a una temperatura adecuada, poder permitirse los siguientes objetos de consumo: televisor a color, lavadora y coche propio. El hito plantea un compromiso más frme en el caso de la población infantil, porque es un hecho comprobado que sufrir estas situaciones durante los primeros años de vida ejerce un impacto muy grave sobre las oportunidades vitales de la persona. 1.3 Asegurar que el ingreso mínimo vital llegue a todas las personas que lo necesitan Este hito hace referencia a una prestación fnan￾ciada por el Gobierno Central. El indicador todavía no está disponible a escala de ciudad. En el In￾forme FOESSA sobre exclusión y desarrollo social en la diócesis de Barcelona (resultados de la En￾cuesta sobre Integración y Necesidades Sociales 2021) se señala que en setiembre de 2021 había en la provincia de Barcelona un total de 42.173 personas benefciarias del IMV. Con respecto a la Renta Garantizada de Ciudadanía, prestación gestionada por la Generalitat de Catalunya, en di￾ciembre de 2020 se benefciaban de ella 69.401 personas en la provincia de Barcelona (p. 28). 1.4 Garantizar un acceso ágil a los servicios sociales municipales Con el fn de hacer frente al incremento de la de￾manda de atención social, el Instituto Municipal de Servicios Sociales (IMSS) incorporó durante el 22,9 28,5 25,0 22,2 20,4 10,9 12,4 15,0 0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0 35,0 40,0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Gráfico 4. Acceso a los servicios sociales municipales Indicador 1.4.1: Menos de 15 días de tiempo medio de espera para la 1.ª visita a los servicios sociales municipales Fuente:Área de Derechos Sociales 14 año 2021 a más de un centenar de nuevas pro￾fesionales a los equipos (95 más en los Centros de Servicios Sociales, 25 más en los Equipos de Atención a la Infancia y la Adolescencia y 3 más en el Servicio de Atención, Recuperación y Aco￾gida), con apoyo de la Generalitat. Este refuerzo, junto con la extensión de las atenciones telemá￾ticas, y de las profesionales, han permitido una reducción notable del tiempo medio de espera de la primera atención, hasta los 12,4 días, que ya queda claramente por debajo de lo que establece el hito 2030 (15 días). Si ponemos el foco en los suministros básicos, se observa como el año 2020, el del impacto fuerte de la pandemia, se rompió la tendencia positiva que había experimentado Barcelona entre 2017 y 2019. Tal como pasó en el con￾junto de Cataluña y de España, los retrasos en el pago de las facturas se dispararon, hasta prácticamente doblar el número de personas afectadas. 1.5 Reducir la exposición de las personas más vulnerables a situaciones de crisis o desastre, así como incrementar su resiliencia para afrontarlas 9,1 % 8,0 % 4,9 % 9,9 % 7,6 % 8,2 % 7,5 % 12,4 % 8,8 % 8,8 % 7,8 % 12,2 % 0,0 % 2,0 % 4,0 % 6,0 % 8,0 % 10,0 % 12,0 % 14,0 % 2017 2018 2019 2020 Barcelona Catalunya España Gráfico 5. Acceso a los suministros básicos (comparativa territorial) Indicador: % de personas que han sufrido retrasos en el pago de facturas o recibos de servicios básicos (luz, agua, gas, otros) en los últimos 12 meses. Nota: Los datos de Barcelona se calculan a partir de la fusión de muestras de dos años consecutivos; 2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020. Fuente: IERMB e INE. Encuesta de condiciones de vida. 28348 28994 28237 27414 22340 27817 34488 10000 2080 1505 2986 2301 1496 1353 1668 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 2015 2016 2107 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Número de unidades de atención realizadas por el Centro de Urgencias y Emergencias Sociales (CUESB) Personas atendidas en emergencia social (riesgos colectivos, calamidades o catástrofes extraordinarias que afecten a personas y colectivos y pongan en riesgo el equilibrio (emocional) Gráfico 6. Atención a personas en situación de urgencia o emergencia social Indicador 1.5.1: menos de 10.000 unidades de atención realizadas por el Centro de Urgencias y Emergencias Sociales (CUESB) Fuente: Área de Derechos Sociales 15 El Centro de Urgencias y Emergencias Sociales complementa la tarea de los centros de servicios sociales y atiende a las personas que presentan una situación de riesgo o urgencia social, como la pérdida de alojamiento, la falta de recursos para la alimentación, el maltrato por violencia machista o la desatención de las personas mayores. En 2021 se atendieron 34.488 urgencias (con 35.584 per￾sonas atendidas), frente a las 27.817 urgencias (y 25.148 personas) atendidas en 2020. Este incre￾mento está vinculado a la situación de emergen￾cia social provocada por la pandemia, así como a un mayor número de valoraciones a domicilio y un incremento muy notable de las atenciones tele￾fónicas. El Servicio de Emergencias Sociales, por otro lado, atiende a las personas afectadas por un incidente crítico (como un accidente de tráf￾co mortal, un domicilio, un suicidio, un incendio, un hundimiento, una situación meteorológica muy adversa), que necesitan una atención psicosocial inmediata, incluido alojamiento de corta dura￾ción. En 2021, 1.668 personas fueron atendidas en emergencia social, un 23,3 % más que el año 2020. Más allá de los servicios reactivos, es necesario mencionar los programas que trabajan la resilien￾cia social de forma estratégica y preventiva. El Plan de Barrios de Barcelona lo hace desde varias perspectivas (el apoyo, la educación, la acción co￾munitaria...). 1.a Desarrollar la cooperación internacional de ciudad para la reducción de la pobreza Véase el ODS 17, hito 2. 16 PA: presupuesto aprobado PE: presupuesto ejecutado PIM: Plan de Inversiones Municipales Inversión prevista en el PIM 2020-2023 al ODS 1 (importe en millones de euros y porcentaje sobre el total del presupuesto) 2,5 9,2 12,3 29,3 53,3 0,8 % 1,8 % 1,6 % 3,9 % 2,3 % 0,0 % 1,0 % 2,0 % 3,0 % 4,0 % 5,0 % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 PE 2020 PE 2021 PA 2022 PA 2023 PIM 20-23 PA: presupuesto aprobado PE: presupuesto ejecutado Gasto corriente municipal destinado al ODS 1 (importe en millones de euros y porcentaje sobre el total del presupuesto) PA 2020 PE 2021 PA 2022 127,8 126,8 117,4 5,5 % 5,4 % 4,7 % 0,0 % 1,0 % 2,0 % 3,0 % 4,0 % 5,0 % 6,0 % 7,0 % 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Indicadores de esfuerzo presupuestario Los indicadores de esfuerzo presupuestario mues￾tran una tendencia estable en el gasto corriente, en torno al 5 %, con cifras superiores en los presupues￾tos ejecutados de los años 2020 y 2021, a causa de los recursos extra destinados a combatir los efectos de la pandemia. Por su parte, el gasto en inversión ha ido creciendo a lo largo del mandato. Hay que tener en cuenta que una parte sustancial del gasto social recae en otros ODS, especialmente el número 10, de reducción de las desigualdades. 17

• Financial poverty index (Arope) • Material poverty index (Arope) • Family units with low work intensity (Arope) (2017) 9,7% (2017) 3,7% (2017) 7,7% INDICATORS DATA End poverty in all its forms everywhere GOAL 1 MOST SIGNIFICANT INTERVENTIONS IN 2017 TARGETS 6 ACTIONS 6 PLANNING INSTRUMENTS 3 PLANNING INSTRUMENTS 2 LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES 1 LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES - • Action 1. €10.3 million in Lanbide grants to create and support job placement companies. • Action 2. Measures to improve the Lanbide grant management, control and information in order to achieve more rapid responses; streamlining formalities, improving information and better control of grants thanks to better communication between authorities. Target 1. Respond to situations of poverty, and boost the efectiveness of social aid by facilitating insertion and preventing the chronification of situations of social marginalisation. Target 2. Guarantee proper use of social aid in such a way that it reaches those who need it most, driving cooperation among institutions and interconnection of data. 126 Consolidate the Minimum Income Guarantee. Target 3. Guarantee Social Emergency Aid, including energy poverty. • Action 3. Amendment of the Social Emergency Relief Decree establishing measures that allow distribution to be improved and address new types of poverty. 130 131 Guarantee Social Emergency Relief. Tackle Energy Poverty. Target 4. Assist the homeless. 132 Help the homeless. • Action 4. III Conference on residential exclusion in Euskadi Basque Country the 2nd of November, 2017, organized by the Department of Employment and Social Policies and the three capitals, within the framework of inter-institutional collaboration in the study and approach of residential exclusion in Euskadi. • Action 5. €450,000 in grants to foster Third Social Sector activities in managing social intervention expertise. Support for research projects, preparing publications, training programmes, etc. Target 5. Promote a social pact with a broad consensus to consolidate funding and guarantee the sustainability of the Basque Social Services System. 129 Consolidate and strengthen the Social Services System. • Action 6. €700,000 in grants to foster employment for the disabled. Target 6. Optimise assistance for those with low employability ratings through coordination and cooperation between social services and the Basque employment service. 133 Foster coordination between social services and employment services. Agenda Euskadi Basque Country 2030 Government Programme Commitments Planning Instruments • 2016-2019 Basque Autonomous Community (BAC) Social Services Strategic Plan: Interim assessment report to comply with Point 4 of the agreement to establish the extraordinary fund for 2016. • Basque Strategy for the Prevention and Reduction of situations of Severe Residential Exclusion 2018-2021 (former name: Basque Strategy for the Homeless 2017-2020): Developed and approved on October 11, 2017. 6 7

• Financial poverty index (Arope) • Material poverty index (Arope) • Family units with low work intensity (Arope) (2017) 9.7% (2017) 3.7% (2017) 7.7% INDICATORS DATA End poverty in all its forms everywhere GOAL 1 MOST SIGNIFICANT INTERVENTIONS IN 2018 TARGETS 6 ACTIONS 6 PLANNING INSTRUMENTS 3 PLANNING INSTRUMENTS 2 LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES 1 LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES 1 6 • Action 1. Allocation of economic resources earmarked for funding grants and public subsidies to foster the incorporation of the disabled into the workforce at special job centres. €42 million. • Action 2. Preparation of the proposal to reform and modernise Lanbide, whose improvements include benefit management. Target 1. Respond to situations of poverty, and boost the efectiveness of social aid by facilitating insertion and preventing the chronification of situations of social marginalisation. Target 2. Guarantee proper use of social aid in such a way that it reaches those who need it most, driving cooperation among institutions and interconnection of data. 126 Consolidate the Minimum Income Guarantee. • Action 3. €23 M budget item to deal with social emergency situations, including energy poverty and €0.4 million budget item for energy poverty situations of people who do not meet the AES access requirements. Target 3. Guarantee Social Emergency Aid, including energy poverty. 130 131 Guarantee Social Emergency Relief. Tackle Energy Poverty. Target 4. Assist the homeless. 132 Help the homeless. • Action 4. Ministry of Housing working with the 3 Basque capitals to cut the number of homeless in the large municipalities by 20% and consider housing options. • Action 5. Consolidating the Basque Social Services System, by means of an annual economic fund of €14 million for non-consolidated services devolved to municipal or provincial authorities and online dissemination campaigns on the system and its services. Target 5. Promote a social pact with a broad consensus to consolidate funding and guarantee the sustainability of the Basque Social Services System. 129 Consolidate and strengthen the Social Services System. • Action 6. Signing of a Protocol between Gipuzkoa Provincial Council and the Basque Government to improve the employability of people at risk of or in a situation of social exclusion. Target 6. Optimise assistance for those with low employability ratings through coordination and cooperation between social services and the Basque employment service. 133 Foster coordination between social services and employment services. Agenda Euskadi Basque Country 2030 Government Programme Commitments Planning Instruments • Social Services Strategic Plan 2017-2020: Meeting of the Social Services Interinstitutional Body to analyse, among other business, the monitoring of the Plan. • Basque Strategy to Prevent and Reduce the Situations of Serious Residential Exclusion 2018-2021 (formerly known as the Basque Homeless Strategy): Interinstitutional agreement to implement the Basque Homeless Strategy 2018-2021 and setting up of the Interinstitutional Monitoring and Assessment Committee with input from the Third Social Sector. 7 Legislative Initiatives • Bill to amend the Social Inclusion and Income Security Act: The bill was submitted to Parliament.

• Financial poverty index (Arope) • Material poverty index (Arope) • Family units with low work intensity (Arope) (2018) 8.6% (2018) 3.2% (2018) 7.1% INDICATORS DATA End poverty in all its forms everywhere GOAL 1 MOST SIGNIFICANT INTERVENTIONS IN 2019 TARGETS 6 ACTIONS 6 PLANNING INSTRUMENTS 3 PLANNING INSTRUMENTS 1 LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES 1 LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES 1 6 Agenda Euskadi Basque Country 2030 Government Programme Commitments 7 Legislative Initiatives • Bill to amend the Social Inclusion and Income Security Act: Leave to proceed in the Basque Parliament, the taking into consideration of the Amending Bill and approval of the 2019 Urgent Budgetary Measures Bill regarding income security. • Action 1. In 2019, €50 million were allocated to promote social and labour insertion programmes for vulnerable groups. • Action 2. Partnership agreement signed with the Judicial Council and the Association of Basque Municipalities (EUDEL) regarding the detection of cases of vulnerability with the launch of family housing to enable the adoption of social measures. Target 1. Respond to situations of poverty, and boost the efectiveness of social aid by facilitating insertion and preventing the chronification of situations of social marginalisation. Target 2. Guarantee proper use of social aid in such a way that it reaches those who need it most, driving cooperation among institutions and interconnection of data. 126 Consolidate the Minimum Income Guarantee. • Action 3. Prompt processing of Social Emergency Assistance, both of the envisaged ordinary line of €23 million and the €4 million provision to ofset additional spending by local councils. Target 3. Guarantee Social Emergency Aid, including energy poverty. 130 131 Guarantee Social Emergency Relief. Tackle Energy Poverty. • Action 4. Partnership agreement between the INE (Spanish Statistics Institute) and Eustat (Basque Statistics Institute) to produce statistics on the care facilities for the homeless in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country. Target 4. Assist the homeless. 132 Help the homeless. • Action 5. Approval of the Decree on Residential Homes for older persons which regulates the staf, functional and material requirements to be meet by those homes and envisaged in the Social Services and Benefits Catalogue in order to guarantee the right to receive quality residential care services. Target 5. Promote a social pact with a broad consensus to consolidate funding and guarantee the sustainability of the Basque Social Services System. 129 Consolidate and strengthen the Social Services System. • Action 6. The Basque Government and Araba Provincial Council agreed the General Action Protocol in order to improve the Basque Social Services and the Employment and Income Security Systems. Planning Instruments • Basque Strategy to Prevent and Reduce the Situations of Serious Residential Exclusion 2018-2021 (formerly known as the Basque Homeless Strategy): The monitoring Commission of the Strategy, formed by Basque Government representatives, Provincial Councils,Basque Capitals, EUDEL and 3 associations of the Third Sector, presents the first monitoring report, and gives a positive assessment of the fulfilling of the 9 axes of work’s objetives, after one year of execution. Target 6. Optimise assistance for those with low employability ratings through coordination and cooperation between social services and the Basque employment service. 133 Foster coordination between social services and employment services.

6 End poverty in all its forms everywhere GOAL 1 INDICATORS DATA • Economic poverty index (Arope) (2019) 10% • Material deprivation index (Arope) (2019) 3.5% • Family units with low-intensity employment (Arope) (2019) 10.3% MOST SIGNIFICANT INTERVENTIONS IN 2020 TARGETS 6 ACTIONS 12 PLANNING INSTRUMENTS 3 PLANNING INSTRUMENTS 2 LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES 1 LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES - 6 7 Agenda Euskadi Basque Country 2030 Government Programme Commitments Target 1. Respond to situations of poverty, and boost the efectiveness of social aid by facilitating insertion and preventing the chronification of situations of social marginalisation. Target 2. Guarantee proper use of social aid in such a way that it reaches those who need it most, driving cooperation among institutions and interconnection of data. 126 Consolidate the Minimum Income Guarantee. Action 1. The Government launches two issues of “sustainable bonds”: one for the sum of €500,000,000 (81% social policies and 19% environmental policies) and another for the sum of €600,000,000 (86% social policies and 14% environmental policies). Action 2. In 2020 a new Fund of 10 million euros was created to help people at risk or in a situation of exclusion and child poverty due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. Action 3. Approval was given to increase to 16 million euros the amount of subsides for self￾employed workers who had to cease their activity as a consequence of the pandemic. Action 4. A Support Programme of €4,900,000 has been established to cover the basic needs of families lacking resources, thereby complementing the Guaranteed Minimum Income (RGI), the Top-up Housing Allowance (PCV) and the increase of Social Emergency Benefits, together with the topping up of other subsidies and benefits. Action 5. During the Covid-19 Pandemic, wages have been guaranteed for people with disabilities or at risk of exclusion who work at special employment centres or at companies providing work placement for the disadvantaged together with top-ups for the benefits received by those working in the field of protected employment with people who are disabled and at risk of exclusion and who have been afected by temporary employment regulation procedures. Action 6. Economic resources have been assigned (€50,450,000) in 2020 to fund subsidies destined to maintaining the jobs of people with disabilities at special employment centres, thereby regulating the programmes and services related to the employability of persons with disabilities in the Basque Autonomous Community and the Basque Register of Special Employment Centres. Target 3. Guarantee Social Emergency Aid, including energy poverty. 130 Guarantee Social Emergency Relief. 131 Tackle Energy Poverty. Action 7. An extraordinary increase has been made in 2020 to the credit of the Emergency Social Response (ESSN) programme «COVID-19 Emergency Social Response»: from 27.5 to 43.5 million euros (€16,000,000). Target 4. Assist the homeless. 132 Help the homeless. Action 8. Promotion of the ‘Lehen Urratsak’ (‘First Steps’) Programme against exclusion to favour the transition from shelters to alternative accommodation, providing support and social integration itineraries for homeless people. Target 5. Promote a social pact with a broad consensus to consolidate funding and guarantee the sustainability of the Basque Social Services System. 129 Consolidate and strengthen the Social Services System. Action 9. The distribution of a social services fund between the provinces has been approved for the sum of €14,008,000. 8 Planning Instruments Inclusion plan 2017-2021: Instrument to articulate and structure Basque policies promoting social inclusion and preventing the occurrence of factors implying the risk of exclusion and/or vulnerability. Basque Homeless Persons Strategy 2017-2020: Inter-institutional Agreement for the development of a Basque strategy for homeless persons: the target is to significantly reduce – by at least 20% - the number of people who sleep in the street in the towns ad cities of the BAC. The Strategy has seven general goals and proposes 50 specific guidelines, grouped around nine priority areas. Agenda Euskadi Basque Country 2030 Government Programme Commitments Target 6. Optimise assistance for those with low employability ratings through coordination and cooperation between social services and the Basque employment service. 133 Foster coordination between social services and employment services. Action 10. Extraordinary subsidies (€15,500,000) to top up the benefits of lower-paid workers afected by a temporary employment regulation procedure (ERTE). Action 11. Extraordinary subsidies for the sum of €6,000,000 going to companies providing work placement for the disadvantaged and special employment centres whose activities have been suspended or reduced due to the Covid-19 state of alarm. Action 12. Increase in the amount of extraordinary subsidies for freelance or self-employed workers whose activities have been suspended due to Covid-19 for the sum of €13,000,000 to be added to the initial €3,000,000.

5th Monitoring Report - 15 SDG 1 - Summary of content SDG 1 End poverty in all its forms Legislative initiatives ·Draft Decree regulating the social pact system and collective agreements in the Basque Social Services System. ·Draft Decree regulating the participation of the parties liable for payment in funding the provisions and services of the Basque Social Services System. ·Draft Decree creating the Census of Third Sector Organisations in the Basque Country and regulating their roles. ·Draft Decree regulating subsidies awarded to programmes from the Devel￾opment Cooperation Fund. ·Preliminary Draft Bill on the Basque Minimum Income and Inclusion Scheme with the focus on updating and strengthening said scheme as an autonomous initiative, constituted as a coherent and integrated whole. Planning instruments ·Basque Volunteering Strategy 2021-2024, to promote volunteering as a transforming force, which exercises social and political incidence in order to promote improvements in society. ·IV Inter-institutional Plan of support to families in the Basque Autono￾mous Community for 2018-2022, to prevent territorial imbalances and guarantee minimum levels of protection, in coordination with the provincial councils and town councils. ·Basque Strategy for the Homeless 2018-2021, for the reinforcement of policies to prevent homelessness. ·V Youth Justice Plan 2020-2024, to promote prevention, inter-depart￾mental collaboration and the quality of judicial interventions for ofenders between the ages of 14 and 18. ·IV Basque Social Inclusion Plan 2017-2021, to provide a response to the new challenges and promote anticyclical measures making it possible to address the impact of periods of economic crisis, with special attention to adopting the gender focus in the feld of inclusion. 16 - 2030 Agenda Basque Country ACTION PREVIEW SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms Action Government Commitment Extension of two programmes born during the pandemic to attend to the most vulnerable people. The former for people who need help to meet their basic needs, with special attention to single-parent and numerous families; and the second to attend to homeless people. 77. Address situations of particular vulnerabil￾ity and defencelessness Approval of expenses for 2022 corresponding to the Minimum In￾come Scheme and Top-up Housing Allowances. (€432,450,000) 11. Develop and im￾prove the income scheme guarantee against exclusion. TARGET 1.2. By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national defnitions. 5th Monitoring Report - 17 SDG 1 Indicators https://en.eustat.eus/indicadores/temaseleccionado_1/ods.html Initial data Latest data and ten￾dency Proportion of persons at risk of relative poverty, considering the poverty threshold in the autonomous community: Proportion of persons with income per unit of consumption lower than 60% of the median income per unit of consumption in the autonomous community (modifed OECD-modi￾fed equivalence scale) (2014) 18.52% (2020) 17.77% Proportion of persons living in households with severe material depriva￾tion: Proportion of persons living in households with deprivation in at least four of a list of nine concepts: 1. They cannot aford to go on holiday for at least one week a year. 2. They cannot aford to eat meat, chicken or fsh at least every two days. 3. They cannot aford to keep their home adequately warm. 4. They cannot face unexpected expenses. 5. They have been late with the payment of bills for their main residence (mortgage or rental, gas or residents’ association bills, etc.) in the last 12 months. 6. They cannot aford to have a car. 7. They cannot aford to have a telephone. 8. They cannot aford to have a colour TV. 9. They cannot aford to have a washing machine. (2014) 5.23% (2020) 4.13% Proportion of persons living in households with low work intensity: Pro￾portion of persons between 0 and 59 years who live in households with no work or with low work intensity (households where working-age members worked less than 20% of their total work-time potential during the year prior to the survey) (2014) 11.96% (2020) 7.63% Action Government Commitment Adapting Social Emergency Allowances to the rise in gas and elec￾tricity prices, doubling the amounts to reduce energy poverty in vul￾nerable families who are left out of the system. 77. Address situations of particular vulnerabil￾ity and defencelessness Grants for work-life balance in diferent modalities: a) Allowances for workers on leave of absence or with reduced working hours in order to care for their children; b) Allowances for workers on leave of absence or with reduced working hours in order to care for family members in a situation of dependency or extremely poor health; and c) allowances to hire workers to care for children under the age of 3 years. (€37,016,082). 85. Develop a com￾prehensive strategy to support families with children and promote the birth rate. TARGET 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, in￾cluding foors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable.

FIN DE LA POBREZA ODS 1 - Resumen de contenido ODS 1 Poner fn a la pobreza en todas sus formas Iniciativas Legislativas ·Proyecto de Decreto por el que se regulan el régimen de concierto social y los convenios en el Sistema Vasco de Servicios Sociales. ·Proyecto de Decreto por el que se regula la participación de las personas obligadas al pago en la fnanciación de las prestaciones y servicios del Siste￾ma Vasco de Servicios Sociales. ·Proyecto de Decreto por el que se crea el Censo de Organizaciones del Tercer Sector Social de Euskadi y se regula su funcionamiento. ·Proyecto de Decreto por el que se regulan ayudas a programas con cargo al Fondo de Cooperación al Desarrollo. ·Anteproyecto de la Ley del Sistema Vasco de Garantía de Ingresos e In￾clusión, para actualizar y fortalecer el sistema Vasco de Garantía de Ingre￾sos e Inclusión como sistema autónomo, constituido en un todo coherente e integrado. Instrumentos de Planifcación ·Estrategia Vasca del Voluntariado 2021-2024, para impulsar el volunta￾riado como fuerza transformadora, que ejerza la incidencia social y política para promover mejoras en la sociedad. ·IV Plan insterinstitucional de apoyo a las familias 2018-2022, para evitar desequilibrios territoriales y garantizar niveles mínimos de protección, en coordinación con las diputaciones forales y los ayuntamientos. ·Estrategia vasca de Personas sin Hogar 2018-2021, para reforzar las políti￾cas orientadas a la prevención y abordaje del sinhogarismo. ·V Plan de Justicia Juvenil 2020-2024, para potenciar la prevención, la co￾laboración interdepartamental y la calidad de las intervenciones judiciales dirigidas a las personas infractoras que tienen entre 14 y 18 años. ·IV Plan Vasco de Inclusión 2017-2021, para dar respuesta a los nuevos retos y promover medidas anticíclicas que permitan abordar el impacto de periodos de crisis económica, atendiendo especialmente la adopción del enfoque de género en el ámbito de la inclusión. 16 - Agenda 2030 Euskadi AVANCE DE ACCIONES ODS 1: Poner fn a la pobreza en todas sus formas Actuación Compromiso de Gobierno Prórroga de dos programas nacidos durante la pandemia para atender a las personas más vulnerables. El primero dirigido a personas que necesitan apoyo para cubrir las necesidades básicas, con especial atención a las familias monomarentales y numerosas; y el segundo para atender a las personas sin hogar. 77. Atender a las situaciones de especial vulnerabilidad e indefensión. Aprobación del gasto para 2022, de la Renta de Garantía de Ingresos y la Prestación Complementaria de Vivienda. (432.450.000.- €). 11. Desarrollar y mejorar el sistema de garantía de ingresos contra la exclusión. META 1.2. De aquí a 2030, reducir al menos a la mitad la proporción de hombres, mujeres y niños de todas las edades que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las defniciones nacionales. 5o Informe Voluntario de Seguimiento - 17 Indicadores ODS 1 https://www.eustat.eus/indicadores/temaseleccionado_1/ods.html Dato base Último dato y ten￾dencia Proporción de personas en riesgo de pobreza relativa, considerando el umbral autonómico de pobreza: Proporción de personas con ingresos por unidad de consumo por debajo del 60% de la mediana autonómica de los ingresos por unidad de consumo (escala OCDE modifcada) (2014) 18,52% (2020) 17,77% Proporción de personas viviendo en hogares con carencia material seve￾ra: Proporción de personas que viven en hogares con carencia en al menos cuatro de una lista de nueve conceptos: 1. No puede permitirse ir de vacaciones al menos una semana al año. 2. No puede permitirse una comida de carne, pollo o pescado al menos cada dos días. 3. No puede permitirse mantener la vivienda con una temperatura adecuada. 4. No tiene capacidad para afrontar gastos imprevistos. 5. Ha tenido retrasos en el pago de gastos relacionados con la vivienda prin￾cipal (hipoteca o alquiler, recibos de gas, comunidad...) en los últimos 12 meses. 6. No puede permitirse disponer de un automóvil. 7. No puede permitirse disponer de un teléfono. 8. No puede permitirse disponer de un televisor en color. 9. No puede permitirse disponer de una lavadora. (2014) 5,23% (2020) 4,13% Proporción de personas viviendo en hogares con baja intensidad de tra￾bajo: Proporción de personas entre 0 y 59 años que viven en hogares sin empleo o con baja intensidad en el empleo (hogares en los que sus miem￾bros en edad de trabajar lo hicieron menos del 20% del total de su potencial de trabajo durante el año anterior al de la encuesta) (2014) 11,96% (2020) 7,63% Actuación Compromiso de Gobierno Adaptación de las Ayudas de Emergencia Social al incremento de precios del gas y la electricidad duplicando las cuantías para paliar la pobreza energética de las familias vulnerables que quedan fuera del sistema. 77. Atender a las si￾tuaciones de especial vulnerabilidad e inde￾fensión. Ayudas para la conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar en distin￾tas modalidades. a) Ayudas a personas trabajadoras en situación de excedencia laboral o reducción de jornada de trabajo para el cuidado de hijos o de hijas; b) Ayudas a personas trabajadoras en situación de excedencia o reducción de jornada de trabajo para el cuidado de familiares en situación de dependencia o extrema gravedad sanitaria y c) Ayudas por la contratación de personas trabajadoras para el cui￾dado de hijos o de hijas menores de 3 años. (37.016.082.- €). 85. Desarrollar una estrategia integral de apoyo a las familias con hijos e hijas y fomentar la natalidad. META 1.3 Implementar a nivel nacional sistemas y medidas apropiados de protección social para todos, incluidos niveles mínimos, y, de aquí a 2030, lograr una amplia cobertura de las personas pobres y vulnerables.

SDG 1 - Summary of content SDG 1 End poverty in all its forms Legislative initiatives ·Decree 102/2022, of 7 September, regarding support for contracting work￾ers to care for children under 14 years old ·The Basque Inclusion and Income Security System Bill, to update and strengthen the Basque Inclusion and Income Security System as an autono￾mous system, set up as an integrated and coherent whole. Planning instruments ·Basque Volunteering Strategy 2021-2024: to drive volunteering as a trans￾formative power, with social and political impact to drive improvements in society. ·IV Interinstitutional Family Support Plan 2018-2022: to avoid territorial imbalances and guarantee minimum protection levels, in coordination with the provincial and local councils. ·Basque Homeless Strategy 2018-2021: to strengthen the policies aimed at preventing and addressing homelessness. ·V Youth Justice Plan 2020-2024: to drive prevention, interdepartmental cooperation and the quality of the legal interventions involving ofenders between 14 and 18 years old. ·V Basque Inclusion Plan 2022-2026: to respond to the new challenges and foster countercyclical measures that allow the impact of periods of econom￾ic crisis to be addressed, particularly regarding adopting the gender focus in the feld of inclusion. 24 - 2030 Agenda Basque Country Action Government Commitment The Basque Government has activated the Isuri Fund to meet the needs generated in the Basque Country as the result the invasion of Ukraine. It will have two strands of work and a budget of €15.1 million. 90. Support and pro￾vide coverage and as￾sistance to vulnerable migrants. The Inter-Agency Coordination Panel for Urgent Assistance to Mi￾grants in Transit has a permanent representative of the Iparralde Community [part of the Basque Country in France]. 89. Defne and drive a Basque asylum policy model. TARGET 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including foors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable. ACTION PREVIEW SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms Action Government Commitment Increasing the Social Emergency Assistance (AES) funds by €4.5 mil￾lion has been approved, meaning a total of €49,500,000 are available. That increase, envisaged in the Hitzartuz Programme, means the amounts allocated to AES for the present year are 10% higher in order to ofset the loss of purchasing power of the Basque population. 11. Develop and im￾prove the income secu￾rity system to counter exclusion. Implementation of a pilot social integration and employability pro￾gramme for recipients of the Basque guaranteed income scheme [Renta de Garantía de Ingresos (RGI)] and/or minimum living wage (IMV) for the long-term unemployed. 11. Develop and im￾prove the income secu￾rity system to counter exclusion. TARGET 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national defnitions. 6th Monitoring Report - 25 SDG 1 Indicators https://en.eustat.eus/indicators/id_1/sgd.html Initial data Latest data and ten￾dency Proportion of people at risk of relative poverty, considering the poverty line of the autonomous region. Proportion of people with income per con￾sumption unit under 60% of the autonomous region’s average income per consumption unit (modifed OECD scale). (2014) 18,52% (2020) 17,77% Proportion of people living in households with severe material depriva￾tion: Proportion of people living households meeting at least 4 out of a list of 9 deprivation aspects: 1. Cannot aford a holiday at least one week a year. 2. Cannot aford to eat meat, chicken or fsh at least every second day. 3. Cannot aford to keep their home adequately warm. 4. Not able to face unexpected expenses. 5. Been in arrears in payments related to their home in the last 12 months (mortgage or rent, gas bills, community charges, etc.) in the last 12 months. 6. Not able to aford to run a car. 7. Not able to aford a telephone. 8. Not able to aford a colour television. 9. Not able to aford a washing machine. (2014) 5,23% (2020) 4,13% Proportion of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion: AROPE indica￾tor, considering the poverty line of the autonomous region. (2014) 22,68% (2020) 19,92% SDG 1 indicators disaggregated at provincial and municipal level https://en.eustat.eus/indicators/id_1/sgd.html Initial data Latest data and ten￾dency Average personal income. (2015) 19.968 (2020) 22.343 Benefciaries of the Basque Minimum Income Scheme per thousand in￾habitants. (2015) 29,80% (2021) 24,04% Social housing (VPO) allocated by Etxebide [Basque Housing Service) in the last fve-year period per thousand inhabitants. (2015) 1,69% (2021) 0,82%

ODS 1 - Resumen de contenido ODS 1 Poner fn a la pobreza en todas sus formas Iniciativas Legislativas ·Decreto 102/2022, de 7 de septiembre, de ayudas a la contratación de per￾sonas trabajadoras para el cuidado de hijas e hijos menores de 14 años. ·Proyecto de la Ley del Sistema Vasco de Garantía de Ingresos e Inclu￾sión, para actualizar y fortalecer el sistema Vasco de Garantía de Ingre￾sos e Inclusión como sistema autónomo, constituido en un todo cohe￾rente e integrado. Instrumentos de Planifcación ·Estrategia Vasca del Voluntariado 2021-2024, para impulsar el volunta￾riado como fuerza transformadora, que ejerza la incidencia social y política para promover mejoras en la sociedad. ·IV Plan insterinstitucional de apoyo a las familias 2018-2022, para evitar desequilibrios territoriales y garantizar niveles mínimos de protección, en coordinación con las diputaciones forales y los ayuntamientos. ·Estrategia vasca de Personas sin Hogar 2018-2021, para reforzar las políti￾cas orientadas a la prevención y abordaje del sinhogarismo. ·V Plan de Justicia Juvenil 2020-2024, para potenciar la prevención, la co￾laboración interdepartamental y la calidad de las intervenciones judiciales dirigidas a las personas infractoras que tienen entre 14 y 18 años. ·V Plan Vasco de Inclusión 2022-2026, para dar respuesta a los nuevos retos y promover medidas anticíclicas que permitan abordar el impacto de periodos de crisis económica, atendiendo especialmente la adopción del enfoque de género en el ámbito de la inclusión. 24 - Agenda 2030 Euskadi Actuación Compromiso de Gobierno El Gobierno Vasco activa el Fondo Isuri para atender las necesidades generadas en Euskadi por la invasión de Ucrania. Contará con dos líneas de trabajo y un presupuesto de 15,1 millones de euros. 90. Apoyar y dar co￾bertura y asistencia a personas migrantes en situación vulnerable. La Mesa de Coordinación Interinstitucional para la Atención Urgente a Personas Migrantes en Tránsito incorpora de manera permanente a una representación de la Comunidad de Iparralde. 89. Defnir e impulsar un modelo vasco en política de asilo. META 1.3 Implementar a nivel nacional sistemas y medidas apropiados de protección social para todos, incluidos niveles mínimos, y, de aquí a 2030, lograr una amplia cobertura de las personas pobres y vulnerables. AVANCE DE ACCIONES ODS 1: Poner fn a la pobreza en todas sus formas Actuación Compromiso de Gobierno Se aprueba la ampliación en 4,5 millones de euros los fondos destinados a Ayudas de Emergencia Social (AES), lo que eleva la cuantía disponible total hasta los 49.500.000 €. Dicho incremento, previsto en el Programa Hitzartuz, supone la ampliación en un 10% las cuantías destinadas a AES para el presente ejercicio, con el fin de paliar la pérdida de poder adquisitivo de la población vasca. 11. Desarrollar y mejorar el sistema de garantía de ingresos contra la exclusión. Puesta en marcha de un programa piloto de inserción socio-laboral de personas perceptoras de la Renta de Garantía de Ingresos y/o del Ingreso Mínimo Vital que sean desempleadas de larga duración. 11. Desarrollar y mejorar el sistema de garantía de ingresos contra la exclusión. META 1.2 De aquí a 2030, reducir al menos a la mitad la proporción de hombres, mujeres y niños de todas las edades que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las defniciones nacionales. 6o Informe Voluntario de Seguimiento - 25 Indicadores ODS 1 https://www.eustat.eus/indicadores/temaseleccionado_1/ods.html Dato base Último dato y ten￾dencia Proporción de personas en riesgo de pobreza relativa, considerando el umbral autonómico de pobreza: Proporción de personas con ingresos por unidad de consumo por debajo del 60% de la mediana autonómica de los ingresos por unidad de consumo (escala OCDE modifcada) (2014) 18,52% (2020) 17,77% Proporción de personas viviendo en hogares con carencia material seve￾ra: Proporción de personas que viven en hogares con carencia en al menos cuatro de una lista de nueve conceptos: 1. No puede permitirse ir de vacaciones al menos una semana al año. 2. No puede permitirse una comida de carne, pollo o pescado al menos cada dos días. 3. No puede permitirse mantener la vivienda con una temperatura adecuada. 4. No tiene capacidad para afrontar gastos imprevistos. 5. Ha tenido retrasos en el pago de gastos relacionados con la vivienda principal (hipoteca o alquiler, recibos de gas, comunidad...) en los últimos 12 meses. 6. No puede permitirse disponer de un automóvil. 7. No puede permitirse disponer de un teléfono. 8. No puede permitirse disponer de un televisor en color. 9. No puede permitirse disponer de una lavadora. (2014) 5,23% (2020) 4,13% Proporción de personas en riesgo de pobreza o exclusión social: indica￾dor AROPE, considerando el umbral autonómico de pobreza. (2014) 22,68% (2020) 19,92% Indicadores desagregados a nivel foral y municipal ODS 1 https://www.eustat.eus/indicadores/temaseleccionado_1/ods.html Dato base Último dato y ten￾dencia Renta personal media. (2015) 19.968 (2020) 22.343 Personas benefciarias de Renta de Garantía de Ingresos por cada mil habitantes. (2015) 29,80% (2021) 24,04% Viviendas protegidas (VPO) adjudicadas por Etxebide en el último quin￾quenio por cada mil habitantes. (2015) 1,69% (2021) 0,82%

END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE GENERAL AT-RISK-OF-POVERTY RATE FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN RECEIVING INCOME SUPPORT • The Gini coefficient describes relative income differences. In Espoo it was 0,334 in 2017. • The number and share of people receiving basic income support (last-resort financial assistance) decreased slightly in 2018. The number of foreign-language speakers receiving basic income support has increased, but the share has slightly decreased. • The number and share of families with children receiving basic income support has slightly decreased in 2018. Basic income support Supplementary and preventive income support Basic income support from The Social Insurance Institution of Finland (Kela). Source: Kela 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 2017 2018 2019 3 986 2 283 4 292 Families 2 525 2 508 4 137 10,0 9,8 9,6 9,4 9,2 9,0 8,8 8,6 8,4 8,2 8,0 30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 5 000 0 Number of persons General at-risk-of-poverty rate % Number of persons at risk of poverty General at-risk-of-poverty rate for Espoo (The number of persons in the geographical area who live in households with incomes below the at-risk-of￾poverty rate) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 • In a yearly urban and municipal services survey 81% of the respondents were satisfied with their economic situation. • However, the in work at￾risk-of-poverty rate has increased. • Persons are classified as being at-risk-of-poverty when the household’s disposable monetary income per consumption unit is below 60 per cent of the national median income. Households’ median income from which the at-risk￾of-poverty threshold is counted was 24 950 € in 2018. • In Espoo number of persons belonging to households at risk of poverty increased in 2018, while in whole Finland it fell slightly from the previous year. 212 213

NO POVERTY Globally The aim of the goal is to end extreme poverty everywhere and in all its forms. The goal includes securing equal rights and basic services for all citizens, building the resilience of the poor and the disadvantaged, and reducing susceptibility to climate-related extreme events. In Finland Income and wealth inequalities in Finland are low by international standards, and comprehensive social security ensures that no one in Finland is living in extreme poverty. However, there are still people living in relative poverty in Finland. In order to prevent poverty, special attention must be paid to single-parent families and immigrant groups, and active combating of child poverty is also essential. In Tampere The share of households at risk of poverty in Tampere is higher than the national average. Being at risk of poverty is most common among the unemployed, students and those living alone. In Tampere, the promo￾tion of this goal focuses on preventing and reducing relative poverty and disadvantage. Equal opportuni￾ties will be increased by providing accessible and low-threshold services. The city is committed to pursuing a just transition where no one is left behind in development. City of Sustainable Action – The Voluntary Local Review of the UN Sustainable Development Goals in Tampere 2022 10 Many families with children are afected by poverty in Tampere. Single-parent families, in particular, sufer from pov￾erty, but in recent years, poverty has increased the most among two-parent families with infants. The COVID-19 period has increased the economic inequality of families with children. The aim of the ongoing Tampere Junior development programme is to narrow diferences in well-being among chil￾dren, young people and families with children in the various residential areas of Tampere. The well-being and func￾tional capacity of vulnerable families with children are being strengthened by data-based examination and by taking into account the diversity of families with children in Tampere. In addition, the realisation of the rights of children, particularly the most vulnerable, is being promoted in accordance with the UNICEF Child Friendly Municipality model. The model is used to identify which areas of the rights of the child need to be developed and what the city should do to support the realisation of the rights. The basic needs of those at risk of poverty are most often met, but their fnancial situation places signifcant restric￾tions on their participation in the economic, social and cultural activities of society. As part of post-pandemic aftercare, Tampere is promoting opportunities for all Tampere residents to engage in recreational and cultural activities and physical exercise. Admission fees are kept reasonable, services are provided near people and support is provided for their use. Opportunities for children and young people to engage in hobbies and sports as part of their early childhood education or school day will be increased by establishing the Licence to Move and Engage in Hobbies model in Tam￾pere. The Art Arc cultural education programme will be expanded from basic education to early childhood education and preschool education and made an established element of them. The fnancially vulnerable and those sufering from loneliness are provided free access to sports and cultural experiences through, for example, active passes, Kai￾kukortti cards and volunteer companion activities. In recent years, the ofering of digital culture and sports services in Tampere has increased signifcantly, enhancing the availability and accessibility of services to diferent population groups. However, in the transition towards a more digital city, those who are unable or unwilling to use digital services must also be taken into account. Support for low-income families with children Equal cultural well-being City of Sustainable Action – The Voluntary Local Review of the UN Sustainable Development Goals in Tampere 2022 11 Indicator Source of information Monitoring method General at risk of poverty rate in the municipality Statistics Finland Strategy Lasten pienituloisuusaste Statistics Finland Strategy Proportion of Tampere residents who feel their fnancial situation is good Well-being survey of Tampere residents (City of Tampere) Well-being survey of Tampere residents Indicators Indicators suitable for the monitoring and evaluation of goal 1 in Tampere Proportion of Tampere residents at risk of poverty 2020 16.1 % In Tampere, attention must also be paid to poverty related to mobility and energy. Mobility poverty means that fac￾tors related to the cost of mobility, transport connections or the safety of the trafc environment hamper a person’s mobility and access to services. Difculties in everyday mobility afect well-being and opportunities to participate in society and to go to work or study. Getting around should be possible with reasonable efort, in reasonable time and at a reasonable cost. Mobility costs have recently been afected by the sharp rise in fuel prices, among other factors. Mobility poverty has been identifed as a development area in the sustainable urban mobility plan and the well-being plan of Tampere, and the issue will also be considered as part of the city’s poverty programme measures. Due to changing weather and climatic conditions and higher energy and fuel prices, issues related to energy and fuel poverty may afect more and more Tampere residents in the future. Attention to the fight against mobility and energy poverty City of Sustainable Action – The Voluntary Local Review of the UN Sustainable Development Goals in Tampere 2022 12

52 1 No poverty SDG 1 sets a joint target for all countries to eradicate poverty in all its forms – signs of poverty also include the lack of education, healthcare and basic services, and the lack of political participation. Finland has comprehensive social security and basic services for all. Meanwhile, many regions are facing the challenges of homelessness, exclusion, segregation and social disadvantage. At the level of cities, many measures to combat poverty are part of the city’s basic operations. Through its operations and decisions, the city has a direct impact on services, their quality and availability. The city particularly wishes to invest in preventive services, as corrective measures are often expensive. 52 | Social sustainability |

18 BRISTOL AND THE SDGs A VOLUNTARY LOCAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS 2019 Bristol is a wealthy city by global standards, with very low levels of absolute deprivation. However, poverty persists. The best available indicator for poverty trends in the city is the proportion of children living in poverty, which has been increasing since 2013. In 2018, one in five children were living in poverty, and this figure rises to over one in four after housing costs are considered. However, the City Council and many other organisations are working to tackle both the root causes and symptoms of poverty in Bristol. Reliable subnational time-series poverty data is surprisingly difficult to find. As a proxy for overall poverty, data from End Child Poverty were used (1.2). These show that the percentage of children in poverty (before housing costs) increased from around 17% in 2013 to 21% in 2018. After housing costs, levels are higher but the increase is more modest, rising from 26% in 2013 to nearly 28% in 2017 and falling slightly to just over 27% in 2018. While these levels are high, they are below the UK average. Poverty rates vary considerably across the city: in some wards there are relatively few children in poverty; in others the proportion exceeds 50%. These trends and patterns differ from those published by Public Health England, which indicate a downward trend in child poverty. However, the methodology used by End Child Poverty was deemed to be more robust (see Discussion). According to income poverty data from the ONS, 32% of neighbourhoods had poverty rates of 20% or more in 2015. While time-series data are not available, these rates compare favourably to several similarly sized regional cities such as Liverpool, Manchester and Sheffield. In sum, the data paint a mixed and incomplete picture with regards to Bristol’s progress in tackling poverty. WHAT WE’RE DOING Bristol City Council recognise that the causes of poverty are multi-faceted and complex, and resultingly their work to SDG 1 NO POVERTY Figure 3 – Child Poverty in Bristol 2018 BRISTOL AND THE SDGs VOLUNTARY LOCAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS 2019 19 tackle SDG 1 spans a wide range of areas (1.5). The Corporate Strategy includes efforts to reduce poverty by tackling unemployment, low wages and insecure jobs, ill health, lack of skills and high costs of living (particularly for housing). Beyond the city government, over 37% of respondents to our consultation were working to tackle poverty. A few of these initiatives are captured here; many more can be found in the chapters to follow. Children and Families (1.2, 1.3) The Baby Bank Network work to relieve poverty by providing essential baby/children items to families who cannot afford to buy them. This allows families to spend their finances elsewhere. Elderly and Disabled (1.2, 1.3) The Lawrence Weston Community Transport Scheme is an initiative that provides low cost transport to elderly and disabled residents of Lawrence Weston to help them travel, socialise and learn. Asylum Seeker and Refugee Poverty (1.2, 1.3) Asylum seekers and refugees are particularly vulnerable to poverty. Bristol Refugee Rights help people in Bristol seeking asylum to receive support, to avoid destitution. Similarly, ACH aims to get refugees into median salary jobs to break the cycle of poverty through the #RethinkingRefugees campaign and is working as part of the #LiftTheBan collation to allow asylum seekers the right to work. Water Poverty Bristol Water monitor their performance in helping those customers on the lowest incomes and experiencing the most serious financial difficulties by calculating and tracking the percentage of customers in water poverty. This is defined as the percentage of customers within the supply area for whom their water bill represents more than 2% of their disposable income. Currently Bristol has zero water poverty based on this measure, but Bristol Water continue to monitor this actively.

SDG1: NO POVERTY WHAT DOES THE DATA SHOW? Ending poverty is a challenge faced across the country, including Bristol. Most UK local authorities are experiencing growing levels of poverty, and this is equally true in Bristol for most SDG 1 indicators. Rates of food poverty and fuel poverty are mentioned in subsequent chapters (SDG 2 and SDG 7). According to End Child Poverty, 32.6% of children aged 0-15 (27,306 children in total) were living in poverty within Bristol in 2021. This represents an increase from 30.1% in 2015. These fgures factor housing costs, which are not captured in national statistics. National data show that the rate of children under 16 living in relatively low-income families in Bristol remained essentially unchanged between 2015 (18.0%) and 2021 (17.8%), highlight the importance of housing costs in estimating both levels of poverty in the city and changes over time. The highest shares of children living in low-income families were in central wards around Lawrence Hill and wards on the boundaries of Bristol City Council. The lowest levels of poverty were in west Bristol, see fgure 1. Bristol’s child poverty rate (after housing costs) is above average for the South West (25%), England (29%) and the UK as a whole (27%). However, it remains below similarly sized cities such as Nottingham (33.0%) Liverpool (33.4%), Leeds (35.9%), Sheffeld (36.4%) and Manchester (42.%) and far below Tower Hamlets, the local authority with the highest child poverty rate at 52.4% Compared to similar cities, the increase in child poverty in Bristol is modest. However, it runs counter to the trends for the South West and the UK as a whole, which saw small decreases in child poverty between 2015 and 2021. The difference between trends in the share of children living low-income households before housing costs in Bristol (slight decrease) and the share in poverty after housing costs are considered (increase) highlights the signifcant challenge of housing affordability in Bristol. Geographically disaggregated data on the share of children in low-income families also highlights stark inequalities in the city, ranging from just 2.6% in Redland to 40.2% in Lawrence Hill. Figure 1 – A map showing the percentage of children in low income families in Bristol in 2019 to 2020. 11 BRISTOL AND THE SDGs 2022 REVIEW OF PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES WHAT BRISTOL IS DOING Bristol published a child poverty strategy in 2012 that set out how the city would tackle child poverty until 2020. This strategy highlighted the causes of child poverty within Bristol and described various methods of support for people, including making training courses and education more accessible, providing easier access to fnancial advice and benefts, channelling younger children into employment through apprenticeships, and supporting families by building more affordable housing. In conjunction with partners across the council and city, Bristol has been working to deliver food provision (through meal vouchers), as well as holiday activity funds. The Bristol Poverty Institute, set up through the University of Bristol, helps tackle poverty through research and collaboration with local charities, such as The Matthew Tree Project, Frank Water and Bristol Food Network. Bristol Local Food Fund received a donation from the local council to help tackle food insecurity and waste in Bristol. To ensure the city considers future climate risks in its planning and decision making, Bristol City Council and the University of Bristol are working to deliver a Heat Vulnerability map of Bristol. This will map some of the key vulnerabilities that may impact the city’s future resilience to a changing climate and highlight the area’s most vulnerable to future heatwaves. In recognition of the high housing costs facing many citizens, Bristol has established a commission to explore how Bristol can become a living-rent city without negatively impacting on the quality or availability of rental properties. The commission will seek to bring together analytical data with expertise, input and lived-experience testimony from key city partners and housing representative groups to understand how rent stabilisation might affect the Bristol private rented sector (PRS) market and support the most vulnerable citizens. In 2020, Bristol became a Living Wage City. Working in partnership with Bristol City Council, the University of Bristol, Triodos Bank, DAC Beachcroft, Wessex Archaeology, Bristol Credit Union, the Soil Association and Business West, the city is aiming to more than double the number of Living Wage-accredited employers paying the real living wage of £9.30 per hour by 2023. This work will help raise many out of in-work poverty and has made Bristol the largest UK city to achieve the status of Living Wage City. In response to the growing cost of living crisis, Bristol is developing a network of warm places to support residents who will struggle to pay their energy bills when the autumn energy price rise hits. With the support of partners across the city, Bristol has identifed 22 community spaces which will provide warmth, fnancial support and advice. Some will also help to tackle issues of hunger and education support. Image description: A typical Bristol suburban street lined with cars and colourful houses in the background. 12 BRISTOL AND THE SDGs 2022 REVIEW OF PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

SDG Road Map Toward 2030: Highlights DKI Jakarta | 8 INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission. Projection of Indicator Achievement and Policy Direction for Sustainable Development Goals, 2022–2030 SDG 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere Projection of Indicator Achievement Figure A.4: Projected Indicator Achievement of Poverty Level Using Linear Model The poverty rate in DKI Jakarta Province is at the lowest point—under 5%—making it difficult to eradicate as the poorest are in a far more complicated situation than just a matter of financial needs. They often have a complex set of circumstances that makes it hard to escape from poverty, such as health and education problems. Therefore, a breakthrough policy is required, rather than just business-as-usual, to sustain the poverty rate reduction. The poverty gap between districts and cities in DKI Jakarta is widened, most notably in the district of Seribu Island (Thousand Islands), reaching double digits, way above the poverty level in the five 1.2.1* Percentage of population living below the national poverty line With a very low poverty rate, DKI Jakarta is faced with the challenge to eradicate the hardcore poverty 2.45% poverty rate in 2030, projected with BAU scenario SDG Road Map Toward 2030: Highlights DKI Jakarta | 9 INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission. administrative cities. In this case, a special intervention and affirmative policy to effectively reduce the poverty rate in the Island is strongly suggested. Additionally, with the very low poverty rate, it is necessary to ensure that vulnerable groups with income slightly above the poverty line would not fall into poverty. Especially with the COVID-19 pandemic, vulnerable groups experience reduction and loss of income. Therefore, policies of poverty reduction should maintain the stability of macroeconomics (stable growth and inflation, most notably, stable prices of basic commodities). At the micro level, policies of social protection and productive economy (economic empowerment) have to sustain and expand. Policy Direction and Strategy for 2022–2030 (i) Expanding innovative and inclusive social protection schemes based on a life-cycle approach to better outreach the poorest and most vulnerable groups. (ii) Integrating social protection (social assistance and social security) with inclusive financing. (iii) Preparing a road map for transforming the poverty targeting -based social protection toward a universal social protection system covering all citizens. (iv) Promoting and facilitating more innovations for collaboration of various stakeholders to address poverty and inequality. (v) Improving the basic services through reliable and responsive governance of minimum service standards (MSS). (vi) Developing tech-based innovations for the delivery of social assistance and basic services throughout the DKI Jakarta Region (digital social services delivery). (vii) Updating social protection data on a regular basis, integrated and synchronized with the database of demographic and socioeconomic registry being developed by the central government (i.e., Bappenas). (viii) Ensuring aligned targeting between local and national social protection programs. (ix) Establishing Single Window Social Service as a complaint handling system, to proactively outreach the poor and vulnerable people, to identify and handle their complaints, and to forward these complaints to relevant service providers for resolution. (x) Improving access to affordable quality universal health coverage, to ensure that all poor and vulnerable people are registered. (xi) Strengthening the capacity of local government officials in pro-poor analysis, planning, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. (xii) Ensuring an environment that is resilient to disasters and climate crisis to minimize impacts (economic and social) on poor and vulnerable people. (xiii) Developing social entrepreneurship to alleviate social problems among the community. (xiv) Building capacity of the poor and middle class through various training workshops, assistance in business startup, and mentoring. (xv) Securing capital and market for local economic enterprises. (xvi) Utilizing appropriate technology and innovation to improve added values for community￾owned productive businesses. (xvii) Creating favorable entrepreneurial climate supported with fair and equitable policies. (xviii) Paying special attention to the district of Seribu Island with the very high poverty rate, by implementing affirmative and innovative policies to reduce basic spending burden of the community, and increase their purchasing power. SDG Road Map Toward 2030: Highlights DKI Jakarta | 8 INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission. Projection of Indicator Achievement and Policy Direction for Sustainable Development Goals, 2022–2030 SDG 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere Projection of Indicator Achievement Figure A.4: Projected Indicator Achievement of Poverty Level Using Linear Model BAU = business-as-usual, SDG = Sustainable Development Goal. Actual data source: Central Agency of Statistics (BPS). The poverty rate in DKI Jakarta Province is at the lowest point—under 5%—making it difficult to eradicate as the poorest are in a far more complicated situation than just a matter of financial needs. They often have a complex set of circumstances that makes it hard to escape from poverty, such as health and education problems. Therefore, a breakthrough policy is required, rather than just business-as-usual, to sustain the poverty rate reduction. The poverty gap between districts and cities in DKI Jakarta is widened, most notably in the district of Seribu Island (Thousand Islands), reaching double digits, way above the poverty level in the five 1.2.1* Percentage of population living below the national poverty line With a very low poverty rate, DKI Jakarta is faced with the challenge to eradicate the hardcore poverty 2.45% poverty rate in 2030, projected with BAU scenario 4.09 3.61 3.75 3.78 3.55 3.42 4.69 4.67 4.39 3.93 3.60 3.33 3.11 2.92 2.75 2.60 2.45 2014 2018 2022 2026 2030 Actual data Projected SDG Road Map Toward 2030: Highlights DKI Jakarta | 9 INTERNAL. This information is accessible to ADB Management and staff. It may be shared outside ADB with appropriate permission. administrative cities. In this case, a special intervention and affirmative policy to effectively reduce the poverty rate in the Island is strongly suggested. Additionally, with the very low poverty rate, it is necessary to ensure that vulnerable groups with income slightly above the poverty line would not fall into poverty. Especially with the COVID-19 pandemic, vulnerable groups experience reduction and loss of income. Therefore, policies of poverty reduction should maintain the stability of macroeconomics (stable growth and inflation, most notably, stable prices of basic commodities). At the micro level, policies of social protection and productive economy (economic empowerment) have to sustain and expand. Policy Direction and Strategy for 2022–2030 (i) Expanding innovative and inclusive social protection schemes based on a life-cycle approach to better outreach the poorest and most vulnerable groups. (ii) Integrating social protection (social assistance and social security) with inclusive financing. (iii) Preparing a road map for transforming the poverty targeting -based social protection toward a universal social protection system covering all citizens. (iv) Promoting and facilitating more innovations for collaboration of various stakeholders to address poverty and inequality. (v) Improving the basic services through reliable and responsive governance of minimum service standards (MSS). (vi) Developing tech-based innovations for the delivery of social assistance and basic services throughout the DKI Jakarta Region (digital social services delivery). (vii) Updating social protection data on a regular basis, integrated and synchronized with the database of demographic and socioeconomic registry being developed by the central government (i.e., Bappenas). (viii) Ensuring aligned targeting between local and national social protection programs. (ix) Establishing Single Window Social Service as a complaint handling system, to proactively outreach the poor and vulnerable people, to identify and handle their complaints, and to forward these complaints to relevant service providers for resolution. (x) Improving access to affordable quality universal health coverage, to ensure that all poor and vulnerable people are registered. (xi) Strengthening the capacity of local government officials in pro-poor analysis, planning, budgeting, and monitoring and evaluation. (xii) Ensuring an environment that is resilient to disasters and climate crisis to minimize impacts (economic and social) on poor and vulnerable people. (xiii) Developing social entrepreneurship to alleviate social problems among the community. (xiv) Building capacity of the poor and middle class through various training workshops, assistance in business startup, and mentoring. (xv) Securing capital and market for local economic enterprises. (xvi) Utilizing appropriate technology and innovation to improve added values for community￾owned productive businesses. (xvii) Creating favorable entrepreneurial climate supported with fair and equitable policies. (xviii) Paying special attention to the district of Seribu Island with the very high poverty rate, by implementing affirmative and innovative policies to reduce basic spending burden of the community, and increase their purchasing power.

Voluntary Local Review 2021 Yokohama Livelihood protection expenses: Te Japanese government has provided to people in need with various types of assistance expenses (living, education, housing, medical care, long-term care, childbirth, livelihood, funeral), Employment Independence Benefts, Higher Education Expenses Benefts, Facility Ofce Expenses, and Outsourced Ofce Expenses depending on the degree of their need according to the standards set by the government. Tis system has no time limit and will be paid permanently unless the head of household’s fnancial condition improves. In 2019, we paid an average of $ 21,150 to 54,016 households, or 3.16% of all 1.7 million households (per capita, an average of $ 16,606 for 68,797 people). In addition, we are implementing programs to support the independence of protected people and projects to support the independence of people in need. Payment of children’s allowance and children’s dependent allowance: An allowance is provided to the caregiver of children for the purpose of contributing to the stability of life in the family raising the child and the healthy growth of the child. In 2019, an average of $ 1,093 was paid to 440,000 target children. In addition, allowances are provided for the purpose of contributing to the stability of life and the promotion of independence in targeted families where children are raised, such as single-parent families. In 2019, we paid an average of about $ 3,430 to 26,503 target children.

33 9.1.1 Fin de la pobreza Busca poner fin a la pobreza y contribuir a generar condiciones de crecimiento económico e inclusivo para todas las personas. Se compone de 7 metas y se da seguimiento a través de 8 indicadores incor￾porados en el SIODS, presentando los indicadores más relevantes que da seguimiento la entidad. NOMBRE Porcentaje de la población con ingreso inferior a la Línea Mínima de Bienestar en el Estado de Puebla Porcentaje de la población en situación de pobreza en el Estado de Puebla Porcentaje de la población en situación de pobreza extrema en el Estado de Puebla CONEVAL. Medición multidimensio￾nal de la pobreza. CONEVAL. Medición multidimensional de la pobreza. CONEVAL. Medición multidimensional de la pobreza. 2016 2016 2016 17.66 58.13 7.96 2020 2020 2020 26.22 62.43 12.74 Menor es mejor Menor es mejor Menor es mejor FUENTE AÑO BASE VALOR EN EL AÑO BASE AÑO DE LA MEDICIÓN MÁS RECIENTE VALOR MÁS RECIENTE TENDENCIA DESEADA En Puebla, la proporción de personas que vive en situación de pobreza extrema se ha reducido en las últimas décadas, y todavía persisten altos niveles de pobreza, sobre todo en comunidades rurales. Esta situación es compleja y va más allá de los recursos económicos que tienen las personas para subsistir y se asocia con su acceso a oportunidades para participar en la sociedad. El ODS 1 está integrado por 7 metas y busca poner fin a la pobreza contribuyendo a generar condiciones de crecimiento económico inclusivo. El Gobierno del Estado de Puebla brinda seguimiento por medio de 8 indicadores incorporados al SIODS, los cuales se monitorean constantemente. Según los datos de la Medición de la Pobreza Multidimensional en México realizada por el Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL) en 2016, 17.70% de la población se encontraba por debajo de la Línea Mínima de Bienestar (LBM). Para 2020, el valor aumentó a 26.22%, es decir 8.56 puntos porcentuales. Este indicador se refiere al porcentaje de la población que no cuenta con los ingresos mínimos para adquirir la canasta alimenticia. En 2016, 58.13% de las personas se encontraba en situación de pobreza multidimensional, la cual calcula a la población que tiene un ingreso por debajo de la Línea de Bienestar Económico y presenta tres o más carencias sociales en salud, alimentación y educación, para 2020, el indicador aumentó a 62.43%; esto significó un incremento de 4.31 puntos porcentuales. La población que tiene un ingreso por debajo de la Línea de Bienestar Económico y presenta tres o más carencias sociales en salud, alimentación y educación (véase gráfica 1). 34 Finalmente, de 2016 a 2020, el porcentaje de la población en situación de pobreza extrema en la entidad aumentó de 7.96% a 12.74%, lo que representó un incremento de 4.79 puntos porcentuales en las personas que no cuentan con los recursos suficientes que permitan satisfacer sus necesidades alimentarias. En el estudio de estas cifras, se debe considerar que los datos disponibles sobre la última medición de la pobreza multidimensional en México fueron levantados durante el confinamiento causado por el virus SARS-CoV-2. En este sentido, se espera que en los nuevos datos que serán presentados próximamente se aprecie la recuperación del estado. Asimismo, debido a los altos valores de las líneas base, los esfuerzos deben redoblarse para generar mejores oportunidades y condiciones económicas para las personas que habitan en la entidad, así como resiliencia ante factores. También, que las políticas públicas para reducir la pobreza y carencias deben aprovechar sinergias con otros niveles de gobierno y focalizarse aún más en las regiones con mayores desventajas. Acciones realizadas Meta 1.4 Garantizar que todos los hombres y mujeres, en particular los pobres y los más vulnerables, tengan los mismos derechos a los recursos económicos, así como acceso a los servicios básicos, la propiedad y el control de las tierras y otros bienes, la herencia, los recursos naturales, las nuevas tecnologías y los servicios económicos, incluida la microfinanciación. Meta 1.5 Fomentar la resiliencia de los pobres y las personas que se encuentran en situaciones vulnerables y reducir su exposición y vulnerabilidad a los fenómenos extremos relacionados con el clima y a otros desastres económicos, sociales y ambientales. • Se benefició al 66% de la población en situación de pobreza, lo que representa un total de 7 mil 630 personas de 137 municipios mediante los Programas Cuarto Dormitorio, Cuarto Dormitorio con Baño, y Cuarto Dormitorio con Cocina, así • En 2016, se concretó la reconstrucción de 65.45 kilómetros de carreteras afectadas en 5 municipios, en beneficio de 72 mil 407 personas. • En 2017, se construyeron 260 viviendas con servicios básicos salvaguardando el derecho a una vienda digna. • A la par, en 2017, se reconstruyeron 21.6 kilómetros en la Carretera la Ceiba-La Unión y el Puente el Tepetate, afectadas por las lluvias, beneficiando a 107 mil 295 personas de 7 municipios. • Se habilitaron y repararon 7.25 kilómetros de caminos afectados por derrumbes durante el 2020, en el Puente el Sifón, las carreteras Tlaola-Tlapacoya y Coxcatlán￾Coquitlán, beneficiando a 67 mil 201 personas de 4 municipios. • Se realizó en 2022, la construcción de 2 puentes, en los municipios de Tlapacoya y San Felipe Tepatlán mismos que presentaban daños graves debido a las lluvias severas. Gráfica 1. Medición multidimensional de la pobreza, 2016-2020. (Porcentaje) Fuente: CONEVAL. Anexo estadístico 2016-2022. 58.13 7.96 17.66 62.43 12.74 26.22 Población en situación de pobreza extrema Población con ingreso inferior a la línea de pobreza extrema por ingresos 2016 2020 Población en situación de pobreza como el Programa Hacer Vivienda, Hacer Futuro, durante los años 2019 y 2022. • Los Programas Techos Firmes, Muros Firmes y Pisos Firmes, ejecutados en 2019 y 2022, beneficiaron a 14 mil 516 personas en situación de pobreza en 74 municipios. • En 2021, se benefició a 11 mil 116 personas en condiciones de pobreza, con la entrega de pintura, tinacos, luminarias, paquetes de materiales para construcción, calentadores solares, láminas para techo y paquetes de focos ahorradores. • Se brindó asistencia legal y asesorías jurídicas gratuitas, a 234 mil 688 personas en situación de pobreza mediante 354 jornadas, desde el 2015 al 2022.

SDG 1 Support for social housing. - The municipality of Maxcanu has included among its lines of action, helping the inhabitants who need to have a decent home for their families, through the Fourth Bedroom program. This program aims to help low-income families with deprivation in their homes, specifcally people who have dirt foors in their bedrooms and / or kitchen, to improve their living conditions through the construction of frm foors.

170 VOLUNTARY SUBNATIONAL REPORT 4.1. SDG 1: End poverty This SDG sets its goal on reducing poverty worldwide, which is not only limited to lack of income, but also includes various factors such as the propensity to the violation of human rights. Some manifestations of this are: hunger, malnutrition, homelessness, limited access to basic services, among others. In order to contribute to the fulfllment of the objectives and targets of this SDG; The following programs were proposed that cover the factors of poverty and that have a human rights approach necessary to address the multidimensional concept of poverty. Situation According to data from CONEVAL (2019), in 2018 the percentage of the population living in poverty in Yucatan decreased -1.1 percentage points below the national average of -1.7 percent, going from 41.9% in 2016 to 40.8%. The foregoing indicates that 897 thousand people remain in this condition. Regarding moderate poverty, it also had a decrease of -1.6 points, going from 35.7% in 2016 to 34.1%, a value below the national average. This data indicates that 753 thousand people are in this condition. Challenges • The multidimensionality of poverty • The inter-institutional relationship between the units for joint work Advances Since poverty has a multidimensional character that includes different factors, its reduction requires collaborative work and close coordination between various agencies. For this, the subnational government promotes the following programs aimed at contributing to the fulfllment of the goals of this SDG: VOLUNTARY SUBNATIONAL REPORT 171 Table 16 Programs related to the SDG 1. End of Poverty. Source: Own elaboration with data from the Government of the State of Yucatan However, for this SDG, and given its magnitude, a greater number of current programs can be included. Actions of Civil Society Organizations Fundación Bepensa Through the RegaLove platform, it has been possible to help various altruistic organizations during the COVID-19 contingency. This platform consists of the fact that, for each peso, Fundación Bepensa contributes another one while this situation lasts. During the period covered by this report, $ 1,041,702 Mexican pesos have been raised, which were doubled, granting a total of $ 2,083,404 to Society Organizations Civil that support the elderly, the sick, and other vulnerable groups; and different associations registered on the RegaLove platform, benefting close to 4,000 men and 3,000 women. 172 VOLUNTARY SUBNATIONAL REPORT In addition to the above, due to the Tropical Storm Cristóbal, the foundation and the State Government joined forces with the FEYAC and Pronatura, to support the victims. Thanks to the contribution made by the program to the Yucatán Unidos en la Contingencia campaign, it was possible to obtain the necessary resources for the acquisition of 1,647 groceries distributed to the same number of affected families in 22 municipalities. Fundación ADO Through the program Fortalecimiento de las actividades productivas del Centro de Desarrollo Integral para la Mujer, en Tiholop, Yucatán, the Fundación ADO aims to strengthen the economy of rural women through training and micro￾business entrepreneurship in women Maya of the community of Tiholop, Yaxcaba. All this with the frm objective of strengthening the economy of 120 Mayan women of that community, through training, infrastructure, equipment, materials, and organization of the various activities that share the space of the Centro de Desarrollo Integral para la Mujer. In the period from October 1, 2019 to June 30 of this year, through the project called Fortalecimiento de las actividades productivas del Centro de Desarrollo Integral para la Mujer, en Tiholop, Yucatán, the team has been trained operation of the water purifcation plant to improve the service provided by 20 Mayan women. In addition, during the pandemic, it was possible to supply the community with purifed water, benefting around 120 people from the Tiholop community, at a unit cost of $ 127,000.00 Mexican pesos. Finally, these efforts have added an investment of $ 127,000.00 Mexican pesos, in direct attention to goal 1.2, which is committed to reducing by 50% the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions to 2030, according to national defnitions. These efforts are refected in the 20% progress it has for this project.

224 ODS 1 Apoyos de Vivienda. – se entregaron apoyos de vivienda producto de donaciones altruistas en las comisarías de San Felipe, Chadzinub, San Salvador, Ayim y López Portillo. Con la fnalidad de apoyar a las familias de escasos recursos económicos a quienes se les vio afectada su vivienda, entregando 530 unidades de láminas benefciado a 106 familias. Erika Zender, KGroup Wellbeing Meetings y a las personas de Suiza que se solidarizaron con la causa, además de “Grax Vida” y “Amigos de María José Macari” Centros de Acopio. - Se habilitaron centros de acopio para recibir donaciones para las familias más vulnerables afectadas por la tormenta Cristóbal donde diversas agrupaciones públicas y privadas asi como la ciudadanía en general acudió para apoyar a los más afectados. Se logró entregar a las familias más vulnerables los donativos siguientes: 5 toneladas de carne, 100 mil litros de agua purifcada y jugos, 15,000 paquetes de cantidades diversas de vestimenta básica (ropa y calzado), 5,000 paquetes de artículos de cuidado personal, 8,000 cobertores, sábanas y edredones, 20,000 despensas alimentarias, 1500 cajas de medicamentos, 1400 litros de suero, 5,000 pañales de pañales para bebé, 8,000 latas y bolsas de leche, 500 kilos de azúcar, 70 parrillas eléctricas, que sirvieron para apoyar a 10,102 familias.

ODS 1 Acciones de vivienda.- buscando que sean cada vez más las familias que cuenten con un espacio digno para el sano desarrollo de todos sus integrantes se ha invertido más de 6 millones de pesos, en la realización de 460 acciones de vivienda en coinversión con el Gobierno del Estado. De Igual manera se se ha iniciado con la construcción de 180 Acciones de vivienda más, cuartos dormitorios, Baños y cocinas ecológicas. Todo esto para que los habitantes con mayor vulnerabilidad puedan tener una mejor calidad de vida.

ODS 1 Apoyo a la vivienda social.- El municipio de Maxcanu ha incluido entre sus líneas de acción, ayudar a las habitantes que necesitan tener un hogar digno para sus familias, mediante el programa de Cuartos dormitorios. Este programa tiene como objetivo contribuir a que las familias de escasos recursos con carencias en sus viviendas, específcamente las personas que tengan piso de tierra en sus cuartos dormitorios y/o cocina, mejoren sus condiciones habitacionales mediante la construcción de pisos frmes.

174 INFORME SUBNACIONAL VOLUNTARIO 4.1. ODS 1: Fin de la pobreza Este ODS fja su meta en la reducción de la pobreza a nivel mundial, la cual no sólo se limita a la falta de ingresos, sino que incluye diversos factores como la propensión a la vulneración de los derechos humanos. Algunas manifestaciones de esta son: el hambre, la malnutrición, la falta de vivienda, el acceso limitado a servicios básicos, entre otros. Para poder contribuir al cumplimiento de los objetivos y las metas de este ODS; se plantearon los siguientes programas que cubren los factores de la pobreza y que cuentan con un enfoque de derechos humanos necesario para abordar el concepto multidimensional de la pobreza. Situación De acuerdo con datos del CONEVAL (2019), en 2018 el porcentaje de población en situación de pobreza en Yucatán disminuyó -1.1 puntos porcentuales por debajo de la media nacional de -1.7 por ciento al pasar de 41.9% en 2016 a 40.8%. Lo anterior refere que 897 mil personas aún permanecen en esta condición. En cuanto a la pobreza moderada, ésta también tuvo un decremento de -1.6 puntos al pasar de 35.7% en 2016 a 34.1%, valor por debajo de la media nacional. Este dato indica que 753 mil personas se encuentran en esta condición. Retos • La multidimensionalidad de la pobreza • La relación interinstitucional entre las dependencias para el trabajo conjunto Avances Debido a que la pobreza tiene un carácter multidimensional que incluye diferentes factores, la disminución de la misma requiere un trabajo colaborativo y de coordinación cercana entre varias dependencias. Para esto, el gobierno subnacional promueve los siguientes programas orientados a contribuir al cumplimiento de las metas de este ODS: INFORME SUBNACIONAL VOLUNTARIO 175 Tabla 16 Programas relacionados con el ODS 1. Fin de la Pobreza. Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos del Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán Sin embargo, para este ODS en particular, y dada la magnitud del mismo, se pueden englobar un mayor número de programas vigentes. Acciones de las Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil Fundación Bepensa A través de la plataforma RegaLove, se ha podido ayudar a diversas organizaciones altruistas durante la contingencia del COVID-19. Esta plataforma consiste en que, por cada peso, Fundación Bepensa aporta otro más mientras dure esta situación. El periodo que abarca este informe se han podido recaudar $1,041,702 pesos mexicanos, los cuales fueron duplicados, otorgando un total de $2,083,404 a Organizaciones de la Sociedad Civil que apoyan a personas de la tercera edad, enfermos, y otros grupos vulnerados; y a diferentes asociaciones dadas de alta en la plataforma de RegaLove, benefciando a cerca de 4 mil hombres y 3 mil mujeres. 176 INFORME SUBNACIONAL VOLUNTARIO Sumado a lo anterior, con motivo del paso de la tormenta Tropical Cristóbal, la Fundación y el Gobierno del Estado, unieron esfuerzos con la FEYAC y Pronatura, para apoyar a los damnifcados. Gracias a la aportación que realizó el programa a la campaña “Yucatán Unido en la Contingencia”, se logró obtener los recursos necesarios para la adquisición de 1647 despensas distribuidas a una misma cantidad de familias damnifcadas en 22 municipios. Fundación ADO A través del programa “Fortalecimiento de las actividades productivas del Centro de Desarrollo Integral para la Mujer, en Tiholop, Yucatán”, Fundación ADO tiene como propósito fortalecer la economía de las mujeres rurales a través de la capacitación y el emprendimiento de micro negocios de mujeres mayas de la comunidad de Tiholop, Yaxcabá. Todo esto con el frme objetivo de fortalecer la economía de 120 mujeres mayas de esa comunidad, por medio de la capacitación, infraestructura, equipos, materiales y organización de las diversas actividades que comparten el espacio del Centro de Desarrollo Integral para la Mujer. En el período que abarca del 01 de octubre de 2019 al 30 de junio del presente año, a través del proyecto denominado “Fortalecimiento de las actividades productivas del Centro de Desarrollo Integral para la Mujer, en Tiholop, Yucatán”, se ha capacitado al equipo operativo de la planta purifcadora de agua para la mejora del servicio provisto por 20 mujeres mayas. Además, durante la pandemia se logró abastecer con agua purifcada a la comunidad, benefciando alrededor de 120 personas de la comunidad de Tiholop, con un costo unitario de $127,000.00 pesos mexicanos. Finalmente, estos esfuerzos han sumado una inversión de $127,000.00 pesos mexicanos, en atención directa a la meta 1.2 que se compromete a reducir en un 50% la proporción de hombres, mujeres y niños de todas las edades que viven en pobreza en todas sus dimensiones para el 2030, con arreglo a las defniciones nacionales. Dichos esfuerzos se ven refejados en el avance del 20% que tiene para este proyecto.

17 SELANGOR VOLUNTARY SUBNATIONAL REVIEW 2022 24 Between 2016-2019, Selangor managed to decrease poverty levels from 2.4% to 1.7%. However, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a significant economic downturn, leading to a 5.6% drop in GDP and resulting in nearly a million job losses, which ultimately increased the number of people living in poverty. To address this issue, Selangor has implemented several measures to combat poverty, such as a programme that offers financial assistance, job training, and opportunities, as well as support for small and medium businesses and the creation of jobs across various sectors. These poverty reduction efforts in Selangor involve a collaborative approach that includes NGOs, the private sector, and other stakeholders. 25 18 Eradicating extreme poverty for all people in Selangor Highlighted Initiatives Description Project Owner Poverty Eradication Blueprint Assistance programme A programme that aims to improve the economic standard through income generation for individuals whose income is below RM 1,500 per month or household income below RM3,000. . Provision of equipment and machinery worth up to RM 10,000 is given depending on the business being run Selangor Economic Planning Unit Tabung Warisan Anak Selangor (TAWAS) TAWAS is a children inheritance trust fund for children born in Selangor. Through the Selangor Children Inheritance Trust Fund Enactment, TAWAS children will receive RM1,500 upon reaching the age of 18 and next of kin of TAWAS member will receive RM 1,500 should the member dies before reaching 18 years old. YAWAS In Selangor, a person or community is considered as extreme poor or hardcore poor when they lack the financial resources and essentials for a minimum standard of living or basic human needs to be met. The group is considered as extreme poor when the household monthly income is less than half of the State Poverty Line Income (PLI) of RM 2,022 or income per capita of RM 532 . Currently, urban households earning below RM 1,171 whilst rural households earning below RM1,074 are considered within the extreme poor group in Selangor. RM 2,022 Selangor Poverty Line Index (2019) Source: MurniNet 2.0, 2022 The Covid-19 pandemic had pushed an additional 19,072 people into extreme poverty, making 0.39% of Selangor‘s population without enough financial resources to meet their basic needs. Source: MurniNet 2.0, 2022 Although all localities saw a steep hike in the number of extreme poor, localities such as Sepang, Sabak Bernam, Kajang and Kuala Langat saw the steepest hike by 780%, 464%, 340% and 324% respectively. Fortunately, targeted multi-dimensional interventions for the extreme poor by both the Federal and State Government have helped to reverse the economic impact of COVID-19, although not fully eradicating extreme poverty in Malaysia. 26 SELANGOR VOLUNTARY SUBNATIONAL REVIEW 2022 26 Achievements of some related targets of Goal 1 are shown below: 19 Gaps and Challenges • The COVID-19 endemic, which hit the world in 2019, has pushed more households into poverty and extreme poverty as income has shrunk due to pay cuts and job losses. • It is observed that rural localities have dilapidated infrastructures and lack employment opportunities which hinder economic competition. • Though there are various assistance provided by the State Government and its relevant agencies, access to more information and means to attain such assistance is limited, especially for those digital illiterate or aged society. • Aggregated poverty rate conceals significant pockets of extreme poverty in Selangor. The lack of granular profiling and locality data hinders policymakers and agencies from understanding the multi-dimensional perspective of poverty, thus developing and implementing evidence-based interventions. Way Forward Income generation and social welfare is one of the main focus under the First Selangor State Strategic Plan, 2021-2025 (Rancangan Selangor Pertama, 2021-2025). The strategies in particular aims to alleviate all types of poverty , from those in the rural to the urban , as well as both absolute and relative poverty. Among the mechanism to eradicate extreme poverty are: • Periodical entrepreneurship assistance and grants • Targeted social welfare assistance for the vulnerable groups • Talent upskilling and reskilling to improve employability New Well-Being Index to be used on the District and Local Government level in order to support agencies decision making and monitor impact. The post pandemic have also shown that city councils have expanded their role by allocating and extending services in eradicating poverty within their municipalities. Highlighted Initiatives Description Project Owner Poverty Eradication Blueprint Assistance programme A programme that aims to improve the economic standard through income generation for individuals whose income is below RM 1,500 per month or household income below RM3,000. Provision of equipment and machinery worth up to RM 10,000 is given depending on the business being operated Selangor Economic Planning Unit Bantuan Kehidupan Sejahtera Selangor (BINGKAS) A RM 300 monthly financial assistance programme to reduce the cost of living expenses and increase the well-being of low-income families. Assistance is disbursed via e-wallet to purchase basic necessities from participating merchants. Selangor Economic Planning Unit Tabung Warisan Anak Selangor (TAWAS) TAWAS is a children inheritance trust fund for children born in Selangor. Through the Selangor Children Inheritance Trust Fund Enactment, TAWAS children will receive RM1,500 upon reaching the age of 18 and next of kin of TAWAS member will receive RM 1,500 should the member dies before reaching 18 years old. YAWAS Overall Ecosystem Strength Note: Refer to Appendix 1 for a comprehensive project list and its related SDGs Selangor’s Gini Coefficient has increased by 5.6 % over the past five years, signifying widening income inequality. Various macro and micro incentive packages and social assistance have been introduced by the Selangor State Government and its respective local government to soften the impact of COVID-19 as well as efforts to rebuild the economy. The initiatives undertaken have led to improvements in Selangor's relative poverty rate, as well as in the conditions of those experiencing poverty. 27 20 Guide: 1. Flow of explanation • Current Status 2-3 data sets only together with 1-2 liner to explain the data set • Highlighted Iniatives • Issues and Challenges Explanation of the data set • Has in decrease of increase over the years • Possible explanation to the data trend Source: DOSM, 2021 Reduce Poverty in All its Dimension for All in Selangor Incidence of Relative Poverty 13.9% (2020) 15.3% (2019) Incidence of Absolute Poverty 1.7% (2020) 1.2% (2019) The COVID-19 outbreak had a significant impact on Selangor’s household income and subsequently affected the structure of the state’s household group. According to the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the number of poor households (B40 group) in Selangor increased by 37.3% in 2020 as compared to the previous year. It is estimated that similar to the national shift of income distribution, 20% of household of the M40 group had fallen into the B40 group in 2020 and 12.8% of the T20 group shifted to the M40 group. Selangor ranks third lowest in term of incidence of absolute poverty nationally, however its absolute poverty rate have increased by 41.7% from 1.2% (2019) to 1.7% (2020). Selangor’s relative poverty rate is third highest in Malaysia, second highest in terms of Consumer Price Index (CPI) as well as annual inflation in 2021. The State’s CPI (125.7) is higher than the national rate (123.1) signaling high cost of living in Selangor. Consumption expenditure is also increasing faster than household income growth. In Selangor, household income is categorized into three categories, bottom 40 (B40), Middle 40 (M40), and Top 20 (T20). Currently, the B40 household income is below RM 4,850; the M40 household income is between RM 4,850 – RM 10,959, and the T20 household income is above RM 10,960. Source: DOSM, 2021 Source: DOSM, 2021 21 SELANGOR VOLUNTARY SUBNATIONAL REVIEW 2022 Achievements of some related targets of Goal 1 are shown below: Highlighted Initiatives Description Project Owner New well-being index for the State of Selangor A new well being index at the district or local authority level will be introduced, to support decision making and impact monitoring Iltizam Selangor Penyayang The Iltizam programme is a continuation of the Selangor State Government policies and programmes to ensure the welfare of the people are being taken care of. In 2022, 42 programmes were identified, focusing on Family Welfare, Education, Health, Employment, and Housing. Selangor Economic Planning Unit Bantuan Kehidupan Sejahtera Selangor (BINGKAS) A RM 300 monthly financial assistance programme to reduce the cost of living expenses and increase the well-being of low-income families. Assistance is disbursed via e-wallet to purchase basic necessities from participating merchants. Selangor Economic Planning Unit Kasih Ibu Smart Selangor (KISS) A RM 200 monthly financial assistance programme specifically for mothers from the low-income group. Financial aid is disbursed via e-wallet to purchase basic necessities from participating stores and supermarkets. SELCARE Skim Hijrah Selangor Various microfinance schemes to assist micro-entrepreneurs with loans worth from RM 100 to RM 5000. Selangor Freelance Job Matching Platform Job matching facilitating platform for freelancers in Selangor via online platform. Source: MurniNet 2.0, 2022 Note: Refer to Appendix 1 for a comprehensive project list and its related SDGs 29 22 Way Forward 1. Sex Aggregated Data: Data collection to be more refined and detailed out across all levels of agencies as to identify and understand the various aspects impacting the lives of women and men within their respective jurisdiction. Such data is essential to identify the gaps that persists between both sexes, thus strengthening poverty alleviation initiative and boosting shared prosperity in a more sustainable manner. 2. Gender Responsive Participation and Budgeting (GRPB): Adoption of GRPB across all levels of agencies for a more effective, equitable and inclusive budgeting in the context of good governance, gender equality and social justice. 3. Target: Established periodical target for each poor and vulnerable category for effective monitoring and evaluation process. Guide: 1. Flow of explanation • Current Status 2-3 data sets only together with 1-2 liner to explain the data set • Highlighted Initiatives (include programmes, initiatives, projects , policies that have been or will be implemented ) • Issues and Challenges • Overall Ecosystem Strength • Way forward EXCELLENT Targets, policies , budget, programmes and data collected and monitored are detailed and covered most of all aspect or groups MODERATE General target, policies, budget, programmes and data collected . GOOD Targets, policies, budget , programmes and data collected and monitored only covers a certain aspect or groups BAD No clear or absence of targets, governance, financial mechanism, programmes implemented , data. Gaps and Challenges • Despite having a well-defined targeted programme, it is observed that the State Government does have an overall periodical poverty eradication target that the state government and the relevant agencies are able to benchmark with as well as to monitor the effectiveness of the programmes that are being rolled out. • Existing state-level poverty indicators, such as absolute, relative, and multidimensional poverty index, mainly measures income and basic deprivations, excluding challenges impacting the well-being in an urbanized state. • Data on the socioeconomic impact on Selangor's poor and vulnerable households are general, scarce, and fragmented. • Despite the various policies, assistance programmes and interventions introduced, it is anticipated that many poor and vulnerable households will not recover as fast or at all. This is because, in addition to the limited social protection and scarce resources owned, they remain vulnerable to other shocks such as the increase of natural disasters in Selangor, economic crisis, loss of livelihood, and / or death of the head of household. • Selangor has the second-highest Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Malaysia, indicating that living costs are rising in the State. This does not correspond to the income earned, resulting in households facing numerous problems related to poverty. Overall Ecosystem Strength 3023 SELANGOR VOLUNTARY SUBNATIONAL REVIEW 2022 Implementation of Social Protection and Measures for All Social inclusivity and well-being have always been crucial in Selangor’s development. The State Government strives to ensure that social development goes hand–in–hand with economic development to benefit all walks of life within the State. The State Government and its various agencies, including local councils, housing council, and welfare department, have launched and rolled out various people-centric initiatives during and post-pandemic to ensure that people are prioritized, especially the vulnerable and the poor. In particular, the State Government has formally spelled out its social protection measures under Strategic Theme 2: Improving Well and Social Inclusion of the First Selangor Plan (Rancangan Selangor Pertama), where the state will be focusing on 6 main areas, 21 primary strategies and 72 projects, programmes and initiatives to be rolled out to the relevant focus groups. Targeted Groups Elderly Selangor is transitioning into an ageing society where it is projected to be a “super –aged” society by 2040. With the rise of senior citizen, allocation of infrastructure and public expenditure is essential to ensure to cater to the groups needs Youth The youth population across all districts in Selangor have decreased from 29% in 2015 to 25% in 2020. Rising youth unemployment rate due to skills mismatch, and rising cost of living are among the main challenges faced by the group People with Disabilities Selangor has a total of almost 90,000 registered persons with disabilities and aspired to become a more PWD- friendly state. PWDs and orphans aged 19 and above are found to be one of the most underserved and most vulnerable Women and Family Wellbeing Despite having the second highest in female labour participation rate, there are still challenges to support women to actively participate in society such as childcare support, safety and general family wellbeing Source: Rancangan Selangor Pertama Source: Rancangan Selangor Pertama 31 24 Issues and Challenges Highlighted Initiatives Description Project Owner Iltizam Selangor Sihat A health programme under Iltizam Selangor that provides basic health treatment including vaccination at registered clinics and insurance benefits to the B40 groups and their relatives Selangor Economic Planning Unit Selangor Legal Aid Fund (DBGS) First Malaysian state to provide free legal advice services for low income groups with an allocation of RM 1.000 million. This is to ensure that the less fortunate are not oppressed and marginalised. Among the services provided are civil issues, employment, sharia and domestic abuse. Selangor Economic Planning Unit and Selangor Bar Committee Bantuan Rumah Kerajaan Prihatin Programme to help the underprivileged to have a comfortable and safe home by building new homes or provide home improvement assistance to dilapidated houses. Selangor Economic Planning Unit Anak Istimewa Selangor (ANIS) for Special Needs Children Programme to assist children with special needs as well as their families such as cash assistance and incentives for education, training and therapy YAWAS Skim Mesra Usia Emas A yearly RM100 cash voucher for senior citizens and one-off RM500 cash assistance to support families on the event of the senior citizen YAWAS Skim Smart Sewa Rent-to-own scheme that provides occupants a more reasonable rate compared to market rental price. 30% return should occupants decide to buy the unit within 2-5 years period. LPHS Welfare Centre Assistance programme Cash assistance and collaboration with NGOs to improve wellbeing in welfare homes for people with disabilities (PWDs) , orphans and senior citizens YAWAS Establishment retirement facilities and provision of caretaker training for senior citizen Increase the supply of senior citizen caregivers through specialised training for elderly care services and promote the development of retirement villages to property developers Way Forward • New Well-Being Index to be used on the District and Local Government level in order to support agencies decision making and monitor impact • Set-up centralized database , outcome based targets and annual impact assessment for all state funded social welfare programmes • Enhance and further strengthen collaboration with local NGOs, inter-agencies and organization to promote and roll-out social welfare programmes • Extension of social welfare aids and programmes to a broader issues coverage, wider and targeted groups with more flexible eligibility requirements Challenges is that the cash assistance are mostly e-wallet , inaccessible for those with digital divide Gaps and Challenges • Several communities have been excluded from welfare assistance provided by the Federal and State Governments due to the following: ❑ No legislative backing for certain community groups. ❑ Beneficiaries do not fit into the eligible category definition, such as children whose parents are not “poor enough” to qualify for social assistance but not earning enough to benefit from child assistance or tax relief • High possibility of cashless financial aid does not reach those in the urban poor and rural due to digital illiteracy, non–availability of smartphones, slow internet speed, data, and the lack of merchant or seller acceptance within their residential area Overall Ecosystem Strength • Absence of a central coordination system for poverty eradication programmes. Currently, assistance programmes are delivered via various agencies with a lack of coordination, poor data sharing, variations in criteria, overlapping targets, and aids, leading to duplication of aid distribution to the same group or not giving the right and enough assistance to those who are in need Note: Refer to Appendix 1for a comprehensive project list and its related SDGs Overall Ecosystem Strength 3225 SELANGOR VOLUNTARY SUBNATIONAL REVIEW 2022 Way Forward • Poverty Eradication Central System and Database:  Establish one central social welfare system and database to strengthen social aid distribution and coordination so that resources and aid available match the root causes of vulnerability and needs of the people  • Enabling women in the workforce and create a Gender Inclusive Selangor: Increase the provisions to support working women such as establishing childcare centers across the state as well as improve the security In urban areas using smart technology, awareness campaign and collective community surveillance to prevent crime against women • Sustainable and Inclusive Social Welfare programmes: Expand, encourage and facilitate market and social inclusion programmes that are demand driven and user oriented to avoid long-term dependencies • New Models for Affordable Housing: ❑ Enhancement and improvements of existing affordable housing policies with a focus on connectivity, livability and size of affordable housing units by district areas ❑ Explore and expand models for affordable rental units for those who do not qualify for home financing or those who are not financially ready to purchase a home • Private- Public Collaborations: Enhance and further strengthen collaboration with local NGOs, inter-agencies and organization to promote and roll-out social welfare programmes • Extension of social welfare aids and programmes to a broader issues coverage, wider and targeted groups with more flexible eligibility requirements 33 26 Overall Ecosystem Strength Equal Rights for All Men and Women To Economic Resources, Basic Services, Ownership and Control Over Land, Natural Resources and Financial Services Way Forward Income generation and social welfare is one of the main focus under the First Selangor State Strategic Plan, 2021- 2025 (Rancangan Selangor Pertama, 2021-2025). The strategies in particular aims to alleviate all types of poverty , from those in the rural to the urban , as well as a both absolute and relative poverty. Among the mechanism to eradicate extreme poverty are: • Periodical entrepreneurship assistance and grants • Targeted social welfare assistance for the vulnerable groups • Talent upskilling and reskilling to improve employability The post pandemic have also shown that city councils have expanded their role by allocating and extending services in eradicating poverty within their municipalities Garbage Collection Piped Water : 100% Electricity : 100% Cooperatives : 93 Planned Low Cost Flats : 0 Community Economic Empowerment programmes : 8 Piped Water : 100% Electricity : 100% Cooperatives : 95 Planned Low Cost Houses : 0 Community Economic Empowerment programmes : 29 Piped Water : 100% Electricity : 100% Cooperatives : 213 Planned Low Cost Flats : 0 Community Economic Empowerment programmes : 54 Piped Water : 100% Electricity : 100% Cooperatives : 311 Planned Low Cost Flats : 300 Community Economic Empowerment programmes : 25 Piped Water : 100% Electricity : 100% Cooperatives : 59 Planned Low Cost Flats : 681 Community Economic Empowerment programmes : 9 Piped Water : 100% Electricity : 100% Cooperatives : 106 Planned Low Cost Flats : 270 Community Economic Empowerment programmes : 12 Piped Water : 100% Electricity : 100% Cooperatives : 310 Planned Low Cost Flats : 0 Community Economic Empowerment programmes : 77 Piped Water : 100% Electricity : 100% Cooperatives : 160 Planned Low Cost Flats : 4,234 Community Economic Empowerment programmes : 60 Piped Water : 100% Electricity : 100% Cooperatives : 151 Planned Low Cost Flats : 424 Community Economic Empowerment programmes : 5 Basic Services and Economic Resources in Selangor by District (2021) Source: DOSM, 2021 All households have universal access to piped water and sanitation services in Selangor provided by Air Selangor. In 2019, the municipal waste collection increased by 23.9 % to 87% in urban areas, whereas only 57% of households in rural areas have access to municipal waste collection. There are 1,799 community cooperatives operating in Selangor, providing financial, capital grants, retail and wholesale, tourism and health services, among others. In 2021, these cooperatives played a significant role in softening the impact of COVID as well as assisting in local economic recovery. Through Koperasi Prihatin Rakyat (KPR), communities and entrepreneurs from the urban poor and marginalized could operate collectively and access quality home supplies at a lower price. Micro-financing mechanisms available in Selangor 27 SELANGOR VOLUNTARY SUBNATIONAL REVIEW 2022 34 Highlighted Initiatives Description Project Owner Dana Usahawan Mikro Selangor Monetary assistance up to RM 30,000 per household or company to help micro-entrepreneurs to scale up and enhance their products and services business within two years of receipt of assistance Jawatankuasa Tetap Pembangunan Usahawan Negeri Selangor Skim Hijrah Selangor Various micro-financing schemes assist micro-entrepreneurs with loans worth between RM 1,000 to RM 50,000. HIJRAH Selangor Indian Selangor Empowerment and Entrepreneurs Development (i-SEED) Micro-grants provisions up to RM10,000 in the form of equipment and training programmes specifically for Indian micro-entrepreneurs. Selangor Rent to Own Scheme under Rumah Selangorku The home rental scheme aims to assist the B40 groups in home ownership by offering rental homes at less than RM 200,000 per unit. Rental is between 2 – 5 years, and the right to purchase the unit will be made available at the end of the lease term. Tenants that do not take up the offer would need to forgo the unit for others to have the opportunity to own homes. Selangor Housing and Property Board (LPHS) Incentives and promotions for professional certification Fee assistance and incentives to upskill via professional certifications to improve employability and income. Pusat Wanita Berdaya (PWD) Programme and facilities to empower and encourage women in the community to generate income through skills and capacity building modules within the three central cores, Education, Economy, and Social. Women and Family Empowerment Committee Selangor Gaps and Challenges • Although the State Government has introduced various initiatives to promote the underprivileged to own homes, these policies and programmes remain gender-neutral. There are no specific programmes or data to suggest that the right of women, the disabled, and other vulnerable groups to adequate and safe housing are encouraged and guaranteed Note: Refer to Appendix 1 for a comprehensive project list and its related SDGs Overall Ecosystem Strength

Eradicate extreme poverty entirely and achieve a significant 50% reduction in the overall poverty rate by 2025” SDG1 : NO POVERTY Poor Extreme Poor Per capita RM 2,208 / monthly RM 1,500 / monthly RM 350 / monthly Sepang District Poverty Line Income Within Malaysia, individuals experiencing poverty are categorized into two groups: those classified as poor and those classified as extremely poor. This classification is based on the monthly income of households falling below the Poverty Line Income set by the government. Based on the poverty data for the Sepang District up until December 2022, it has been determined that a total of 2,514 households and 456 families in the district fall into the poor or extremely poor category. These figures indicate that the proportion of the Sepang District population classified as poor or extremely poor is less than 1%. Specifically, with the onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, Malaysia has experienced an alarming increase in its poverty rate. The far-reaching consequences of the pandemic have profoundly influenced the socio-economic fabric and living conditions worldwide. INTRODUCTION Poverty Line Income Poor Poor Extreme Per Capita Malaysia RM 2,208.00 RM 1,169.00 RM 310.00 Selangor State RM 2,022.00 RM 1,500.00 RM 350.00 POVERTY IN SEPANG DISTRICT JUMLAH KETUA ISI RUMAH YANG BERDAFTAR DENGAN E KASIH Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia, Population and Housing Census 2020. Agency Total Institution of Zakat In Selangor 2,445 head of the household Department of Social Welfare in the Sepang District 2,559 people Nevertheless, governmental organizations actively engaged in providing assistance to the poor and extremely poor possess additional sources of information regarding this demographic group. Source: Ekasih, Prime Minister's Department Source : District-level Asnaf Fakir and Poor Population Statistics, Selangor Zakat Board Information on Beneficiaries, Department Of Social Welfare in the Sepang District SDG1 NO POVERTY Number of Households Classified as Extremely Poor and Poor in Sepang District in 2022 SEPANG Voluntary Local Review 2023 22 1181 98 933 148 10 144 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Dengkil Labu Sepang Extreme Poor Poor District Poor Poor Extreme Dengkil 1,181 148 Labu 98 10 Sepang 933 144 Total 2,212 302 Different agencies have implemented specific protocols and measures to address poverty among the residents of Sepang. To enhance the efficacy and equitable distribution of aid, it is essential to synchronize a diverse set of data concerning households experiencing poverty. The The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a substantial impact on various facets of society, notably in the Sepang district. Sectors such as tourism, hospitality, and aviation business at KLIA have been significantly affected. This is evident from the unemployment data in the Sepang District, which reveals a considerable surge in unemployment numbers, escalating from 4,400 in 2018 to 6,500 in 2020. The objective of diverse organizations' aid initiatives is to provide support to those in need and enhance their quality of life. These programs serve as temporary measures to help recipients achieve self-sufficiency and transition out of poverty. However, there are individuals who are satisfied with their current living conditions and resist making changes. Addressing the poverty challenge in the Sepang District necessitates sustained and continuous efforts. 1 SDG SEPANG Voluntary Local Review 2023 23 01 Poverty Data Integration 02 Employment Distruption 03 Sustainable Solutions for Poverty Alleviation NO POVERTY ISSUES AND CHALLENGES • Sepang Sejahtera MPSepang Line Program/Food Basket Programme • Prospects for residents affected by income loss, including hawker centre leaseholders • Free bus service by Smart Selangor SEPANG MUNICIPAL COUNCIL INSTITUTION OF ZAKAT IN SELANGOR • Money saved for holiday • House construction • Medical Assistance • Dealing with Deceased Person • Renovation of house • Home Rent • Emergency Aid for Retail Sector Assistance • Monthly Financial Assistance • ASNAF Project • Monthly Food Supply • Entrepreneurial Support Program for Training, Funding, and Business Development • Assistance for the elderly • General Assistance • Assistance for disabled persons • Individuals with Work Limitations due to Disabilities • Assistance Program for Supporting Disabled or Abandoned Individuals' Care Expenses • Support for Foster Care of Children • Emergency Assistance Fund for Child Support DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE IN THE SEPANG DISTRICT • Selangor Commitment Entrepreneur • Selangor Commitment Health • Children of Iltizam Mesra from Selangor • Selangor Commitment Empowerment People • Selangor Commitment Education • Selangor Commitment Housing INISIATIF INITIATIVES SELANGOR STATE GOVERNMENT 1 SDG SEPANG Voluntary Local Review 2023 24 NO POVERTY

52 In 2020, Malaysia revised the national poverty line income (PLI) from RM980 to RM2,208, which means that over 400,000 households in the country with monthly incomes below this level were considered poor in 2019. Based on this new PLI, the country’s poverty rate in 2019 was at 5.6% (405,441 households), compared to 0.4% (24,700 households) in 2016. Since 1970 until 2019, Malaysia’s incidence of absolute poverty has seen significant drop from 49.3% in 1970 to 5.6% in 2019. Looking at the country’s incidence of absolute poverty by states, Selangor is also seeing decrease of poverty incidences. In 2016, the Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey revealed that the overall poverty rate for Selangor fell from 0.2% in 2014 to 0% in 2016. Based on a survey conducted in 2019, Selangor’s average PLI is at RM 2,022 a month per household. Poverty in Selangor is being effectively eradicated and the rural-urban income gap is being decisively overcome. The median income of rural households showed a dramatic improvement with an annual growth rate of 12.3%, while urban households grew at a rate of 6.9% per annum. For the state as a whole, the median income in Selangor grew by 7.5% per annum from RM6,214 in 2014 to RM7,225 in 2016. Shah Alam is Selangor’s fastest growing economic centre. In 2019, the city is host for approximately 74.2% labour forces from its total population (497,062 person of out of 669,895), and the number is growing ever since. Nevertheless, Shah Alam is continuously monitoring its poverty incidence to ensure extreme poverty is eradicated, and that its citizens will always have equal rights to basic services that are safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable. No Poverty SDG 1 53 Information snapshots HOUSEHOLD LIVING UNDER THE POVERTY LINE, 2015 - 2018 2015 2017 2135 1929 394 2016 2018 545 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 UNEMPLOYMENT IN SELANGOR BY GENDER, 2016 - 2018 2016 Male Female 2017 2018 52,200 55,100 44,800 45,300 53,300 54,400 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 Source: MURNInets, 2018. Source: DOSM, 2018. HOUSES RECEIVING SEWERAGE SERVICES, 2016 - 2020 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PROGRAMMES IMPLEMENTED, 2017 - 2020 Source: MURNInets, 2020. Source: Selangor Disaster Management Unit, 2020 ASNAF AND POOR POPULATION IN PETALING DISTRICT, 2009 - 2015 AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN SELANGOR, 2017 - 2019 Source: DOSM, 2018. Source: MURNInets, 2020. 2009 2011 2013 2015 2478 2115 3089 4585 5155 6885 7248 2010 2012 2014 1000 5000 2000 6000 3000 7000 4000 8000 Planning approval obtained Completed 2017 2018 2020 2405 294 3842 1922 9111108 500 2500 1000 3000 1500 3500 2000 4000 1.1 Eradicating extreme poverty everywhere 1.2 Reduce 50% of people living in poverty 1.3 Social protection measures for all 1.4 Equal rights to basic services 1.1 Eradicating extreme poverty everywhere 1.2 Reduce 50% of people living in poverty 1.3 Social protection measures for all 1.4 Equal rights to basic services 1.3 Social protection measures for all 1.5 Reduce vulnerability to environmental disasters 145,000 165,000 150,000 170,000 155,000 160,000 2016 2018 156,515 2017 2020 164,566 2019 148,130 158,136 2 10 4 6 8 2017 2018 2019 2020 5 9 8 10 SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day. The highest number of B40 households in urban areas for Selangor is Petaling district, about 5,649 people. Despite the rapid urbanization process, Shah Alam urban poverty issue continues to increase. Shah Alam which based on Petaling district data is at 1.1% for Incidence of absolute poverty (DOSM, 2020). This means over 6,000 people with monthly incomes below the above mentioned level are living in poverty in 2019. However Shah Alam demonstrated a decrease number of household living under the poverty line in 2015 to 2018. By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions. As of 2018, there are 99,700 unemployed persons in Selangor of which 54,400 is male and 45,300 are female. There are no available sources to indicate the labour force for Shah Alam. 1.1 1.2 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable. Number of Asnaf* and urban poor in Petaling district has been increasing from 2,478 people in 2009 to 7,248 people in 2015. There are many agencies championing for the Asnafs, however Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) is a dedicated agency under Majlis Agama Islam Selangor (MAIS) in handling issues related to Asnaf and poor, through collaborative programmes with other agencies by providing shelter and training to develop skills. *Asnaf refers to Muslim beneficiaries eligible to receive Zakat (alms) collected. *Zakat is a form of almsgiving in Islam given to eligible beneficiaries *Mualaf - a person who is newly converted to the religion of Islam 1.3 54 Initiatives Moving ahead Programmes 1. The Door2Door Doctor (D2DD) provides service to transport patients to receive free medical treatment. 2. About RM287,00 worth of financial assistance were given to 7 Asnaf and Poor families in the form of low-cost apartment homes from Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor (PKNS) together with Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS). Policies 1. Promoting the Development of Integrated New and Quality Housing. 2. Proposed provision of affordable housing in TOD areas, focal points, public facilities and public transport areas. Programmes 1. Program Selangor Kerjaya 2021 (Selangor Career Program) provides 10,000 job opportunities matching with the applicants technical force through profiling, upskilling and job placement within 3 years time. This programme has already offered 2,000 job opportunities to fresh graduates, vocational students and high school students. 2. Jelajah Selangor Bekerja 2020 offered 18,267 job opportunities to Selangor citizens. 3. Selangor Mega Job Fair 2020, a joint collaboration with Selangor State Government, Jawatankuasa Tetap Pembangunan Generasi Muda dan Sukan, and Pembangunan Modal Insan Negeri provides 5,000 job opportunities by 60 employers. In order to reduce the number of people living in poverty, job opportunities must be given to the needs to support their daily expenses and families. Since March 2020, RM232.2 million has been channeled via Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) an agency under Majlis Agama Islam Selangor (MAIS) to individuals, families, students, frontliners and hospitals, including 57 thousand poor families and 7,000 Asnaf Muallafs. Programmes 1. Pusat Latihan Asnaf Selangor, a training center by Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) for the purpose of improving the quality of life of the Asnaf by providing financial knowledge and training. 2. Baitul Salam by Lembaga Zakat Selangor is a temporary shelter for the asnaf muallaf (converted asnaf) for people who are in need of temporary financial support, and also provides vocational training to the Asnaf. 3. Bait al-Mawaddah by Lembaga Zakat Selangor is a elderly shelter that provides protection, supervision, 55 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance. Outside Shah Alam’s city centre and townships lie large, unplanned areas and small lot developments with a lack of basic urban service provisions and employment opportunities coupled with heightened exposure to environmental risks such as flooding. 1.4 SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Prioritised SDG targets Issues and challenges By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate￾related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. Flood is one of the natural disasters in Shah Alam especially on a particular site such as at Section 13, Shah Alam. Other vulnerable flood locations are Section 9, Section 15 and Section 32. In 2015, about 315 households were exposed with the risk of flood threat in their housing areas. 1.5 56 rehabilitation and effective self-development for the elderly. 4. Bait al-Hasanah by Lembaga Zakat Selangor to help the children of Asnaf succeed in education by providing an atmosphere conducive for learning 5. Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional (PTPTN) joint collaboration with Lembaga Zakat Selangor (LZS) for Zakat distribution under Kasihku Zakat Selangor Programme to the Asnaf in Selangor. RM 95,500 were given in the form of Skim Simpanan Pendidikan Nasional (SSPN-i) account to 500 asnaf children (RM 50,000) with RM 100 each. and RM 46, 500 to 155 students with an amount of RM 300 each. MBSA has introduced the online service called the Electronic Public Services (ePS) to make it easier for customers and the public to do business more easily without queuing at the counter. Projects 1. Installed about 1,972 free wifi 2. 3,842 units of affordable housing 3. 164,566 of houses received sewerage services 4. Youth garage Programmes 1. Free community vans 2. Young waste buskers 3. Eco free market 4. MPP programmes 5. Shah Alam LA21 programmes Upgrade infrastructures and road access to link areas to integrate with public facilities and services. Proposed provision of affordable housing in Transit Oriented Development (TOD) areas, focal points, public facilities and transport areas. Initiatives Moving ahead Initiatives 1. RM 6 million to curb flood problems in Shah Alam by the State Government and Shah Alam City Council which involves construction of channels and upgrading the drainage system in several drains to ensure unobstruct flow to nearby rivers during unusually heavy rains. 2. The State Government has allocated RM60 million on the entire project carried out involving 3 agencies, namely the Selangor State DID, the Selangor State Public Works Department and the Shah Alam City Council in 2014. 3. Smart Selangor Disaster Management Unit under the Smart Selangor initiative by the state government. Strategies Controlled development for Environmentally Sensitive Areas (KSAS): 1. Provision of 50m river reserve and 20m buffer zone for forest area. 2. Implement Flood Mitigation plans. 3. Report of Flood Mitigation Masterplan for Sungai Damansara Catchment. 57 58 Prioritised SDG targets Custodians and partners Issues and challenges SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere National 1. Department of Statistics Malaysia 2. Department of Social Welfare 3. Social Security Organisation 4. National Disaster Management Agency 5. Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industries 6. Economic Planning Unit 7. Ministry of Finance Malaysia 8. Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional Subnational 1. Selangor State Department of Irrigation and Drainage 2. Selangor State Public Works Department 3. Smart Selangor Delivery Unit 4. Smart Selangor Disaster Management Unit 5. Lembaga Zakat Selangor 6. Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor Local (MBSA) 1. Department of Community Development 2. Department of Planning 3. Department of Urban Transportation 4. Department of Information Technology 5. Branch Offices Civil society/non-governmental organisations 1. Yayasan Sejahtera 2. Malaysian CSO-SDG Alliance Private sector 1. SSDU Innovations Sdn Bhd Academia 1. Universiti Selangor 2. Universiti Teknologi MARA WHY IT MATTERS? MBSA is always committed to help create an enabling environment to generate productive employment and job opportunities for the poor and the marginalized. However, for those who has work, having a job does not guarantee a decent living. In fact, 8% of employed workers and their families are still within the B40 strata. Active engagement in policymaking can make a difference in addressing poverty - ensuring citizens’ rights are promoted to support transformational change in people’s lives. 59 Initiatives Moving ahead 4. Smart Selangor Command Centre that enables a more comprehensive, efficient and swift disaster monitoring in relevant areas. It includes weather, sea-level, air pollution index, flood, satellite and climate radar monitoring under the state government initiatives. 5. Number of disaster risk implementation and management initiatives have been increased from 8 initiatives in 2019 to 10 initiatives in 2020. 4. Master plan Study on Flood Mitigation for Sungai Buloh Basin. 5. Implementation of Flood Mitigation Project for Sungai Subang. Top: MBSA’s policy initiative in licensing easement for small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bottom: Smart Selangor Command Centre.

1 Experiment with social welfare assistance (‘Amsterdamse Experiment met de Bijstand’) → SDG link: 1.3 Everyone Connected (‘Iedereen Verbonden’) → SDG link: 1.5 The city of Amsterdam is trying to help people at risk of poverty as early as possible, to prevent them from getting into serious debts or being evicted from their homes (the ‘Vroeg Erop Af’ approach, see above). When problems are still small, advice or another ‘light’ intervention can be su #cient. To do that, it is important to know who is at risk of gaining serious debts. Therefore, the city receives a report from health insurers, housing associations, energy suppliers and the water authority (among others) about customers who have payment arrears. This is known as the ‘approach to early detection’ (‘Amsterdamse aan - pak vroegsignalering’). Through municipal legis - lation on debt assistance (the ‘Wet gemeentelijke schuldhulpverlening’) the creditor is allowed to pass this information to the city. After the report, the municipality supplements the data with other information known about the person reported. This is information that is necessary to deter - mine whether someone is a bene $t claimant or a customer of WPI (the Work, Participation and Income Department of the Municipality of Amsterdam) and to determine to which care provider the report can best be forwarded. The system sends the report to a municipal social worker, who will contact the citizen in 14 days and performs a $rst analysis in 28 days. When the citizen accepts help, detailed agreements are made. The social worker reports to the central administration so that the creditor knows what the next steps are for the payment arrears.89 89 https://algoritmeregister. amsterdam.nl/vroeg￾eropaf/ Vroeg Eropaf – Amsterdam Algoritmeregister → SDG link: 1.2 On 1 February 2018, an experiment was launched to investigate whether a premium stimulates people who receive the social assis - tance bene $t to look for (part-time) work. Par - ticipants in the experiment could earn a month - ly premium of up to 200 euros if they work or start working part-time. With this scheme, peo - ple entitled to social assistance can receive 30% of their wages, up to a maximum of 219 euros per month, as a premium. This happens once every six months, without their monthly bene $t decreasing. The money is mainly spent on paying o % debts, paying arrears and $xed costs such as rent, insurance and subscriptions. The premium is not formally seen as income, so it is not at the expense of, for example, the housing bene $t. Research showed that twice as many people started working in this group compared to a comparable group that did not participate in the experiment. The results also showed that the so-called additional income premium contributes to more social security. That is why, since March 2022, everyone with assistance has been eligible for it, and the scheme will now be extended until the end of 2023.87 87 NOS (26 November 2021). Amsterdam gaat langer door met premie voor werkenden in de bijstand. For more detailed information about the research results, see: Amsterdams experiment met de bijstand. Through the COVID-19 crisis, it became clear that not every resident has access to the Internet. To prevent exclusion, 3,500 residents received refurbished laptops and Internet connections. In this way, people were able to maintain contact with others, could continue courses and thus remain connected socially with the city. ‘Everyone Connected’ is aimed at residents with a small budget who do not have access to a laptop or Internet connection. The provision of laptops and Internet hotspots has been established through cooperation with about 50 civil society organisations who can reach a wide group of residents with a low income. Residents who need help with their devices are supported by volunteers in increasing their digital skills. Refurbishing is also done in collaboration with partners, whereby work, learning and/or internship places are o %ered to people with a distance to the labour market. The conscious decision was made to recycle and refurbish ex￾isting equipment. Many companies and institu￾tions have laptops or other devices that they no longer use, simply because newer models have been introduced. By refurbishing laptops, this project not only contributes to social cohesion but also to sustainable employment.88 88 https://www.amsterdam. nl/innovatie/coronavirus/ iedereen-verbonden/ 1 Policy frameworks → Subgoal link: 1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradica - tion actions. The city’s goal is to reduce the number of low-in - come residents who have problematic debts and/ or struggle to make ends meet, to provide them with better opportunities. The Participation Act provides local governments with the possibility to implement local poverty policies within the framework of the law. The Amsterdam Agenda for Poverty and Debt describes the approach. In addition, there is a separate policy plan for reduc - ing and preventing problematic debts (‘Schuld - hulpverlening’ 2021-2025).81 For both policies a monitor has been developed to follow the di !er - ent resident groups who live in poverty and to identify which ones have debts (the ‘Amsterdam - se Armoedemonitor’ and the ‘Schuldenmonitor’). The main goals are to develop a just city with equal opportunities for all citizens and to provide residents in minima-households a better liveli - hood by limiting poverty and debts. Poverty is alleviated through di !erent schemes that these residents can apply for (under the name ‘Take your chance’). For children and young people there are also di !erent schemes to create more equal opportunities and a higher level of partic - ipation.82 The aim of the approach is to increase people’s self-e "cacy by providing tailored in - come support for minima-households and invest in skills for (digital) literacy and health. Addition - ally, residents can apply for long-term budget and #nancial coaching in their local neighbourhoods. To support children who live in poverty, extra #nancial support is made available in di!erent schemes in education, sports and culture.83 The city of Amsterdam is strongly committed to preventing and solving problematic debts. For residents with problematic debts, there is 79 TNO research published the report De feiten over energiearmoede in Nederland. Inzicht op nationaal en lokaal niveau (The facts about energy poverty in the Netherlands. Insight at national and local level) in September 2021 (based on data from 2019). 80 TNO, De feiten over energiearmoede in Nederland. Inzicht op nationaal en lokaal niveau, p. 36. 81 Stad met Uitzicht, Agenda Armoede en Schulden 2019-2022. 82 Volg het beleid: Werk, participatie en inkomen (n.d.). 83 Stad met Uitzicht, Agenda Armoede en Schulden 2019-2022. a speci #c policy plan with several measures, Schuldhulpverlening 2021-2025. Residents with problematic debts can get help from debt counsel - ling that is carried out by social service providers (MaDis). The most important intervention aimed at preventing problematic debts is ‘Vroeg Erop Af’, by trying to detect problems in an early stage. The ‘Vroeg Erop Af’ approach is based on agree - ments with housing corporations, energy compa - nies, health insurance companies, the Employee Insurance Agency (UWV), the Amsterdam Tax O"ce, Waternet, CAK84 and Social Insurance Bank (SVB). The agreement involves notifying the MaDi when a person is three months or longer in arrears with the relevant institution. By tackling problems early, the aim is to prevent bigger problems, such as a house eviction or a hold on the energy supply. In 2020, the number of noti #cations from ‘Vroeg Erop Af’ was 20,453. This is an increase of 6% compared to 2019. In 2020, more than 65% (11,500) of these reported households will ‘have been reached’, meaning that a plan of action for the payment arrears has been made or other actions have been taken, such as a referral, support and/or monitoring.85 At the end of 2020, approximately 6,600 Am - sterdam residents had completed a regular debt counselling process, of which 4,611 were started in 2020. Of the processes completed in 2020, 61% were successful. In 2019, 8,200 residents were in debt counselling, with a success rate of 69%. This decrease in the number of (successful) trajectories in 2020 may be related, among other things, to the limited possibilities for physical personal contact because of the COVID-19 crisis at the start of the #rst lockdown.86 84 A government organization that administers Dutch health insurance for people living abroad. 85 Staat van de Stad, p.139. 86 Staat van de Stad, p.139. — Good practices — 58 59 SDG 1 - GOOD PRACTICES | CONTENTS → SDG 1 - NO POVERTY | CONTENTS →

SDG 1 is aimed at reducing poverty in all its forms. This concerns both fnancial aspects and the impact of poverty on people’s lives. 1 No poverty 52 SDG 1 - NO POVERTY 53 SDG 1 - NO POVERTY 1 Fig. 14 People su fering from a long-term illness, condition or disability according to education level, income, age, 2018-2020 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 100 basic interme - diate advanced low medium high 18 -24 25 -34 35 -44 45 -54 55 -64 65 -74 75+ educational level income age Fig. 15 Households with registered debt problems in the largest four Dutch cities, 2015 - Oct 2020 (percentages) 20% 15% 10% 5%0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 * data only until October Source: Staat van de Stad 2021, p. 138. Source: Staat van de Stad 2021, p. 93. Highlights ● People with a low income su fer more often from long-term illness or other physical ailments/ handicaps and feel less energised. The di ference has become smaller mainly due to a drop in score among people with a high income. ● Low income and problematic debts are often related. Problematic debts are also more prevalent among residents with basic and intermediate education levels. ● In 2020, due to the COVID-19 crisis, a sharp increase was seen in households receiving a weekly food package. ● The main policy goals are to develop a just city with equal opportunities for all citizens and to provide residents in minimum-households a better livelihood by limiting poverty and debts. The city of Amsterdam is focusing on the prevention of problematic debts. This approach seems to be successful in reaching residents in an early stage and help them through counselling to prevent increase in debts. 1 Reducing poverty → Subgoal link: 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national de fnitions. Households with minimum incomes The city of Amsterdam di ferentiates between households with low incomes (an income less than 120% of the Statutory Minimum Wage56) and households with minimum incomes, which refers to households with both income and capital below the social assistance standard.57 The persons58 liv - ing in these ‘minimal’ households formed 14% of all households in 2018, compared to 14.5% in 2017.59 Di ferentiated between age groups, we see that in 2018: ● 22.4% of the persons in ‘minimal’ households are between 0 and 17 years old (compared to 23% in 2017) ● 59.5% of the persons in ‘minimal’ households are between 18 and 65 years (compared to 59.7% in 2017) ● 18.1% of persons in ‘minimal’ households are 65 years and older (compared to 17.3% in 2017)60 Of all children in Amsterdam (0-18 years old), 12% lived in households dependent upon social assistance (bijstandsuitkering) in 2020, compared to 6% in the Netherlands as a whole.61 People with a low income62 su fer more often from long-term illness or other physical ailments/ handicaps (45%) than people with a medium in - come (29%) or a high income (18%) (Figure 14). In addition, 38% of people with a low income report feeling less energised versus 59% of people with a high income. The di ference is smaller t han in 2018; mainly due to a drop in score among people with a high income (from 72% in 2018 to 59% in 2020).63 Households with registered debts In total, 10.6% of all households had registered debts in 2020 (compared to 11.2% in 2019).64 This 56 This is de fned annually by the national government. For 2022 it was set at € 1725 per month gross income, excluding holiday leave. 57 In Dutch: bijstandsnorm. This standard depends on age and living situation (one-person household or more persons). 58 In line with the indicator suggested by VNG, we look at persons within households (instead of households) because this is more in line with the subgoal of reducing poverty among all persons living in poverty. Households are also not as stable as they used to be. Households give a di ferent number (smaller). 59 Inkomen en bestedingen Amsterdam, 2021. 60 Inkomen en bestedingen Amsterdam, 2021. 61 Waar staat je gemeente, 2020. The number refers to the percentage of children living in a family where at least one member receives social assistance (bijstandsuitkering). Data are from CBS. 62 According to the city’s own de fnition, see earlier paragraph. 63 These percentages are gained through a survey amongst residents of Amsterdam for the report Staat van de Stad and thus give insights into people’s experienced health as well. 64 Staat van de Stad, p. 11. The SDG agenda calls for special attention for social protection, equal economic rights and resilience of poor and vulnerable groups. The poverty problem in the Netherlands is of a di ferent order compared to the poorest countries, but here, too, people are at risk of (relative) poverty. Since the decentralisation in the social domain of 2015, municipalities have played a key role in caring for the most vulnerable groups. Themes that also require attention in the Netherlands are problematic debts and child poverty. The COVID-19 crisis has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities worldwide. 2018 2020 Rotterdam The Hague Amsterdam Utrecht The Netherlands 54 SDG 1 - NO POVERTY | CONTENTS → 55 SDG 1 - NO POVERTY | CONTENTS → 1 Fig. 17 Experienced problematic debts and source of income, 2020 (percentages) 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 unemployment benefits 2 social assistance 3 scholarship, student grants, parental contribution 4 disability benefit 5 other 6 wage, salary 7 own business practice 8 VUT, pension, AOW 9 no income 10 do not know / not filled in poor and the vulnerable. 1.4: By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and fnancial services, including microfnance. This also refers to 1.1 and 2.1 Of all households, 22.6% received social assis￾tance benefts and support in 2021 (average in the Netherlands is 20.4% ).72 In 2019, approxi￾mately 60,000 residents of Amsterdam received social assistance through the Social Support Act (7%) and approximately 10,000 (1.2%) received social assistance through the Chronic Care Act.73 Women, seniors over 75 years old and people with a low-income receive these social benefts more often.74 Another indicator of poverty is the number of households dependent on a ‘food bank’, where food is distributed weekly to people in need. In 2020, when COVID-19 frst hit, a marked increase was observed in households that received a week￾ly food package. The numbers rose from 1,236 households on 1 January 2020 to 1,969 households on 31 December 2020,75 an increase of 59%. In July 2021, this number was stable at 1,963.76 72 Gemeentelijke Monitor Sociaal Domein. These benefts and support fall under the Child and Youth Act, Participation Act or Social Support Act (Jeugdwet, Participatiewet and WMO 2015 in Dutch). 73 In Dutch: Wet langdurige zorg. 74 Staat van de Stad, p. 10. 75 Voedselbank Amsterdam, 2021, p. 13. 76 Staat van de Stad, p. 143. Resilience → Subgoal link: 1.5. This also relates to SDG 7. By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. An important element linked to resilience is ener￾gy poverty. Rising energy prices are a major issue in Amsterdam, as they do throughout the Nether￾lands and beyond. In 2020, the city published a re￾port on energy poverty, in which an analysis was made of households vulnerable to rising energy prices.77 Energy poverty is defned by the energy ratio: the percentage of a household income spent on energy. With an energy ratio of 10% or higher, the energy costs are regarded as (too) heavy on the income. In an as-yet-unpublished document by the city’s Research and Statistics Ofce, a preliminary analysis was made of the consequences of rising prices since mid-2021. On average, energy prices increased by 74% between May 2021 and February 2022. This would result in the number of house￾holds in energy poverty increasing from 9% to 27% on average for the city. Low-income groups are mostly afected by rising prices. The percent￾age of low-income households78 in energy poverty would rise from 28% to 70%. However, it is not known how many households have long-term 77 Energiearmoede in Amsterdam, 2020. 78 In this case low-income households are defned as those households with an income below the ‘rent beneft limit’ (huurtoeslaggrens). In 2021 this was €23,725 for one￾person households and €32,200 for multi-person households. Source: Factsheet Schulden in Amsterdam 2021 Gemeente Amsterdam. 1 percentage is higher than the average in the Neth￾erlands and the city of Utrecht, but lower than the averages in Rotterdam and The Hague (the four largest cities in the Netherlands) (Figure 15). Between 2015 and 2020 the proportion of house￾holds with problematic debts has decreased more than the average decrease in the Netherlands.65 The level of household income and problemat￾ic debts are related. Residents with a very low income often have problematic debts. Residents who say they have difculty making ends meet relatively often have problematic debts (32%). Looking at the characteristics of people with problematic debts (Figure 16), we see the following in 2020: ● Men indicate they have more problematic debts (19%) than women (14%). This diference was almost the same in 2018. ● Young people aged 18-24 have more problem￾atic debts (21%) than other age groups. Student debt plays a role here. Compared to 2018, the percentages for the age groups 18-24 years, 35- 54 years and 55 years and older have increased. ● Residents with basic and intermediate educa￾tion levels66 often have more problematic debts (both 19%) than residents from higher edu￾cation levels (13%). In 2018, the percentage of people with basic education levels in problem￾atic debt was much lower (14%). 65 Staat van de Stad, p. 138. 66 A defnition of education levels in the Netherlands can be found at CBS. Lower level refers to ISCED 1 and 2; medium to ISCED 3 , 4 and part of 5, higher to part of ISCED 6 and up (and part of 5). ● Looking at household types, single-parent families are more often in debt (20%) than other household types: 18% among single people, 17% among couples with children and 8% among couples without children.67 Compared to residents with approximately the same income derived through employment, residents who receive social assistance, disability or unemployment benefts relatively have more problematic debts (Figure 17). There is no signif￾cant diference between men and women in this regard.68 Problems with poverty are mostly concentrated in the so-called development neighbourhoods in the districts Noord, Nieuw-West and Zuidoost, where an accumulation of problems occur. In these are￾as, there is also the highest proportion of house￾holds that receive social assistance benefts69 as main source of income.70 Residents of district Zuid are the least likely to experience problematic debts, while those in West, Noord and Zuidoost experience the most problematic debts.71 Social protection systems for the poor and the vulnerable → Subgoal link: 1.3 and 1.4 1.3: Implement nationally appropriate social protec￾tion systems and measures for all, including foors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the 67 Staat van de Stad, p. 139. 68 Factsheet Schulden in Amsterdam, p. 2. These percentages are from 2019 (instead of 2020 in the fgures used from Staat van de Stad above). 69 In Dutch: bijstandsuitkering. 70 In Amsterdam 32 development neighborhoods (Ontwikkelbuurten) are indicated in the areas Noord, Zuidoost and Nieuwe-West. 71 Factsheet Schulden in Amsterdam, p. 1. Fig. 16 Problematic debts by background characteristics, 2018 and 2020 (percentages) 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 men 2 women 7 basic education 8 intermediate education 9 advanced educated 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 3 18-24 4 25-34 5 35-54 6 55+ 10 single 11 couple without children 12 couple with children 13 single parent Source: Staat van de Stad 2021, p. 139. 2018 2020 56 57 SDG 1 - NO POVERTY | CONTENTS → SDG 1 - NO POVERTY | CONTENTS → 1 Experiment with social welfare assistance (‘Amsterdamse Experiment met de Bijstand’) → SDG link: 1.3 Everyone Connected (‘Iedereen Verbonden’) → SDG link: 1.5 The city of Amsterdam is trying to help people at risk of poverty as early as possible, to prevent them from getting into serious debts or being evicted from their homes (the ‘Vroeg Erop Af’ approach, see above). When problems are still small, advice or another ‘light’ intervention can be su fcient. To do that, it is important to know who is at risk of gaining serious debts. Therefore, the city receives a report from health insurers, housing associations, energy suppliers and the water authority (among others) about customers who have payment arrears. This is known as the ‘approach to early detection’ (‘Amsterdamse aan - pak vroegsignalering’). Through municipal legis - lation on debt assistance (the ‘Wet gemeentelijke schuldhulpverlening’) the creditor is allowed to pass this information to the city. After the report, the municipality supplements the data with other information known about the person reported. This is information that is necessary to deter - mine whether someone is a bene ft claimant or a customer of WPI (the Work, Participation and Income Department of the Municipality of Amsterdam) and to determine to which care provider the report can best be forwarded. The system sends the report to a municipal social worker, who will contact the citizen in 14 days and performs a frst analysis in 28 days. When the citizen accepts help, detailed agreements are made. The social worker reports to the central administration so that the creditor knows what the next steps are for the payment arrears.89 89 https://algoritmeregister. amsterdam.nl/vroeg￾eropaf/ Vroeg Eropaf – Amsterdam Algoritmeregister → SDG link: 1.2 On 1 February 2018, an experiment was launched to investigate whether a premium stimulates people who receive the social assis - tance bene ft to look for (part-time) work. Par - ticipants in the experiment could earn a month - ly premium of up to 200 euros if they work or start working part-time. With this scheme, peo - ple entitled to social assistance can receive 30% of their wages, up to a maximum of 219 euros per month, as a premium. This happens once every six months, without their monthly bene ft decreasing. The money is mainly spent on paying o f debts, paying arrears and fxed costs such as rent, insurance and subscriptions. The premium is not formally seen as income, so it is not at the expense of, for example, the housing bene ft. Research showed that twice as many people started working in this group compared to a comparable group that did not participate in the experiment. The results also showed that the so-called additional income premium contributes to more social security. That is why, since March 2022, everyone with assistance has been eligible for it, and the scheme will now be extended until the end of 2023.87 87 NOS (26 November 2021). Amsterdam gaat langer door met premie voor werkenden in de bijstand. For more detailed information about the research results, see: Amsterdams experiment met de bijstand. Through the COVID-19 crisis, it became clear that not every resident has access to the Internet. To prevent exclusion, 3,500 residents received refurbished laptops and Internet connections. In this way, people were able to maintain contact with others, could continue courses and thus remain connected socially with the city. ‘Everyone Connected’ is aimed at residents with a small budget who do not have access to a laptop or Internet connection. The provision of laptops and Internet hotspots has been established through cooperation with about 50 civil society organisations who can reach a wide group of residents with a low income. Residents who need help with their devices are supported by volunteers in increasing their digital skills. Refurbishing is also done in collaboration with partners, whereby work, learning and/or internship places are o fered to people with a distance to the labour market. The conscious decision was made to recycle and refurbish ex￾isting equipment. Many companies and institu￾tions have laptops or other devices that they no longer use, simply because newer models have been introduced. By refurbishing laptops, this project not only contributes to social cohesion but also to sustainable employment.88 88 https://www.amsterdam. nl/innovatie/coronavirus/ iedereen-verbonden/ 1 contracts with fxed energy prices, and therefore are not yet a fected by the rising prices. Addition - ally, households may be urged to take energy-sav - ing measures due to rising prices. At the same time, the e fects of the war in Ukraine on energy prices have not yet been taken into account. It is clear that there are many uncertainties regarding energy poverty. Recent research on the topic79 shows that approx - imately 75% of energy-poor households live in a housing association house (corporatiewoning). For Amsterdam, this leads to a nuanced picture on neighbourhood level, according to the re - searchers: ‘various neighbourhoods in Amster - dam-Noord have a relatively large number of households with a low income and high energy costs, but a relatively small number of owners and tenants in less energetic houses who cannot make them more sustainable themselves; the Osdorp district, on the other hand, has a relatively large number of all these groups of households’.80 Policy frameworks → Subgoal link: 1.b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradica - tion actions. The city’s goal is to reduce the number of low-in - come residents who have problematic debts and/ or struggle to make ends meet, to provide them with better opportunities. The Participation Act provides local governments with the possibility to implement local poverty policies within the framework of the law. The Amsterdam Agenda for Poverty and Debt describes the approach. In addition, there is a separate policy plan for reduc - ing and preventing problematic debts (‘Schuld - hulpverlening’ 2021-2025).81 For both policies a monitor has been developed to follow the di fer - ent resident groups who live in poverty and to identify which ones have debts (the ‘Amsterdam - se Armoedemonitor’ and the ‘Schuldenmonitor’). The main goals are to develop a just city with equal opportunities for all citizens and to provide residents in minima-households a better liveli - hood by limiting poverty and debts. Poverty is alleviated through di ferent schemes that these residents can apply for (under the name ‘Take your chance’). For children and young people there are also di ferent schemes to create more equal opportunities and a higher level of partic - ipation.82 The aim of the approach is to increase people’s self-e fcacy by providing tailored in - come support for minima-households and invest in skills for (digital) literacy and health. Addition - ally, residents can apply for long-term budget and fnancial coaching in their local neighbourhoods. To support children who live in poverty, extra fnancial support is made available in diferent schemes in education, sports and culture.83 The city of Amsterdam is strongly committed to preventing and solving problematic debts. For residents with problematic debts, there is 79 TNO research published the report De feiten over energiearmoede in Nederland. Inzicht op nationaal en lokaal niveau (The facts about energy poverty in the Netherlands. Insight at national and local level) in September 2021 (based on data from 2019). 80 TNO, De feiten over energiearmoede in Nederland. Inzicht op nationaal en lokaal niveau, p. 36. 81 Stad met Uitzicht, Agenda Armoede en Schulden 2019-2022. 82 Volg het beleid: Werk, participatie en inkomen (n.d.). 83 Stad met Uitzicht, Agenda Armoede en Schulden 2019-2022. a speci fc policy plan with several measures, Schuldhulpverlening 2021-2025. Residents with problematic debts can get help from debt counsel - ling that is carried out by social service providers (MaDis). The most important intervention aimed at preventing problematic debts is ‘Vroeg Erop Af’, by trying to detect problems in an early stage. The ‘Vroeg Erop Af’ approach is based on agree - ments with housing corporations, energy compa - nies, health insurance companies, the Employee Insurance Agency (UWV), the Amsterdam Tax Ofce, Waternet, CAK84 and Social Insurance Bank (SVB). The agreement involves notifying the MaDi when a person is three months or longer in arrears with the relevant institution. By tackling problems early, the aim is to prevent bigger problems, such as a house eviction or a hold on the energy supply. In 2020, the number of noti fcations from ‘Vroeg Erop Af’ was 20,453. This is an increase of 6% compared to 2019. In 2020, more than 65% (11,500) of these reported households will ‘have been reached’, meaning that a plan of action for the payment arrears has been made or other actions have been taken, such as a referral, support and/or monitoring.85 At the end of 2020, approximately 6,600 Am - sterdam residents had completed a regular debt counselling process, of which 4,611 were started in 2020. Of the processes completed in 2020, 61% were successful. In 2019, 8,200 residents were in debt counselling, with a success rate of 69%. This decrease in the number of (successful) trajectories in 2020 may be related, among other things, to the limited possibilities for physical personal contact because of the COVID-19 crisis at the start of the frst lockdown.86 84 A government organization that administers Dutch health insurance for people living abroad. 85 Staat van de Stad, p.139. 86 Staat van de Stad, p.139. — Good practices — 58 59 SDG 1 - GOOD PRACTICES | CONTENTS → SDG 1 - NO POVERTY | CONTENTS →

24 | Utrecht and the Global Goals Utrecht and the Global Goals | 25 1No poverty End poverty in all its forms everywhere. Online dashboard SDG 1 aims to reduce poverty in all its forms. This concerns both fnancial aspects and the impact poverty has on people’s lives. While the poverty problem in the Netherlands is of a diferent order compared to the poorest countries, here too people run the risk of (relative) poverty. The latest income and debt data from Statistics Netherlands (CBS) are from 2020, while more recent research comes from the Residents Survey conducted at the end of 2021. However, there are annual fgures available for 2022 regarding benefts, social assistance and various schemes. Poverty reduction (1.2) Households with a minimum income Utrecht has had its own poverty line for years, which is 125% of the statutory social minimum (WSM). The percentage of households in Utrecht living at or below this threshold has increased slightly in recent years, to 14.4% in 2021. The share of low-income households in Utrecht (15%) is close to the national share (14%), with other major cities having a higher share of low-income households. The proportion of Utrecht children growing up in poverty is declining slightly. In 2015, 7.2% of Utrecht children still lived in households with an income of up to 101% of the WSM. In 2021, this fell to 5.6%, compared to 4.9% in the Netherlands as a whole. Approximately 2.3% of children in Utrecht (1,500 children) grow up in a household that rely on long-term income support, and this fgure has remained relatively stable in recent years. Poverty and health Approximately 5% of Utrecht residents indicate that they struggle to meet their household expenses. This is a decrease compared to 7% in 2019. Certain groups, such as residents with a disability (13%), residents with a basic or prevocational (VMBO) education (13%) and single-parent families (9%) are more likely to have trouble making ends meet than other groups. Individuals who express difculties in managing their income are less likely to participate in society, score lower on personal and social well-being and experience more health problems. Adults who have difculty making ends meet are two to three times more likely to have mental health problems and are more prone to chronic physical conditions. Children who grow up in a family with a lower level of prosperity are also more likely to have poorer health. Debts Overall, 6.3% of all households had registered debt in 2021 (compared to 7% in 2019) (Figure 1.1). This percentage is lower than the national average in the Netherlands and that of the other major cities. However, the decline in the share of households with problematic debts in Utrecht has been slower than the national average between 2015 and 2022. The share of residents who have to deal with problematic debts (6%) is considerably higher among people on benefts, those with an education at primary or prevocational (VMBO) level and those with a senior general secondary education (HAVO), pre￾university (VWO) or vocational (MBO) education and with an income below €1,700 per month. If we look at the fgures, it is also striking that households with children are more likely to have problematic debts. It also appears that debt burdens tend to increase with residents’ age (Figure 1.2). Financial problems are concentrated in the Overvecht and Kanaleneiland areas, where an accumulation of problems can be seen (Figure 1.3). These areas also have the highest share of households relying on income support as their main source of income. Overvecht stands out with the highest proportion of households with 26 | Utrecht and the Global Goals Utrecht and the Global Goals | 27 debts (14%). The share of households with debt is also higher than average in Southwest (8.7%) and Northwest (8.1%). Support for the vulnerable (1.3 & 1.4) In 2021, the number of residents receiving benefts fell by almost a ffth, from 38,220 to 31,110. This number further decreased to 27,160 in 2022, representing a 13% decline compared to 2021 (Figure 1.4). The decline was particularly signifcant for unemployment benefts, which dropped by 25%. The number of households receiving income support is also declining. The number of people receiving disability benefts has remained stable at around 13,250 for several years, with a slight increase to 13,670 in 2022. The proportion of residents relying on national benefts, such as unemployment or disability benefts, is 76.5 per 1000 inhabitants, which is lower than the national average of 91.7 per 1000 inhabitants. Compared to other cities in the Netherlands, this number is very low. Energy poverty (1.5) Rising energy prices are a major problem in Utrecht, as they are throughout the Netherlands. According to TNO, there were over 9,000 households experiencing energy poverty in Utrecht in 2019, accounting for approximately 5.2% of all households. This fgure was projected to increase to 5.7% in 2022. Energy poverty mainly occurs in households with poorly insulated homes including tenants who depend on landlords for energy-saving measures and homeowners with limited fnancial resources to implement such measures. About 75% of energy-poor households live in homes owned by housing corporations, while roughly 12% own their home and a similar percentage rent privately. Households afected by energy poverty are more likely to live in Overvecht, Northwest and Southwest. Policy (1.b) The city aims to reduce the number of residents with low income and problematic debts to provide them with better opportunities. The Participation Act gives municipalities the opportunity to implement local poverty policies. Through a poverty monitor the city keeps track of and maps the diferent resident groups living in poverty. The main goals are to develop a just city with equal opportunities for all citizens and provide a better standard of living for residents in low-income households by reducing poverty and debt. In 2019, Utrecht launched a comprehensive plan to address resident debts as much as possible. Under the motto ‘Intervene much earlier, provide tailored help and stay out of debt’, some 40 initiatives have been taken up during the 2019- 2022 period. For example, early detection measures were implemented to reach individuals before their debts become unmanageable and provide them with professional assistance. The municipality extends an ofer of help to all people that are fagged for potential debt issues. In 2021, 12,100 households were approached for early detection, increasing to 14,579 in 2022 (compared to about 1,200 in 2020). In addition, the eligibility criteria for debt assistance have been lowered, while the process has also been streamlined and debt assistance registration is now removed shortly after completion. In 2022, about 1,100 households had initial conversations about debt assistance, and debt settlement procedures were initiated for 654 residents. Poverty is alleviated by various schemes that residents can apply for. Low-income residents can claim special assistance and are eligible for the individual income supplement in the event of long-term poverty. In addition, they can also beneft from the U-pass and the U-policy. In 2022, a total of 39,914 Utrecht residents had a U-pass. The U-pass is a free pass for people with low incomes. It enables families to participate in sports and cultural activities and ofers discounts at museums, cinemas and tourist attractions. Each U-pass includes a personal credit that you can spend on all kinds of activities. Additionally, the U-pass regularly grants discounts on designated activities, such as library subscriptions or visits to the theatre or cinema. 28 | Utrecht and the Global Goals Utrecht and the Global Goals | 29 Good practices De Geldzaak Everyone in the city of Utrecht can visit De Geldzaak free of charge. There are walk-in consultation hours at four locations throughout the city where residents can discuss their questions or concerns about money with an expert employee. Together, they can review income accuracy, for example, and check whether people are making use of provisions to which they are entitled. The employee provides tailored information and support. No personal data is collected, and all contact with the employee is confdential. Ubuntuhuis Ubuntuhuis is a welcoming, small-scale facility in Utrecht that serves and employs individuals who have experienced or are currently facing homelessness, poverty and social isolation. Together they organise various activities both indoors and outdoors, ranging from cooking and an included lunch, theatre workshops, music, gardening, sports, and discussion groups centred around Dutch culture, refection, and sharing experiences. Utrecht boasts a vibrant network of assistance and day care services for people in poverty, and Ubuntuhuis aims to ofer additional value through its cultural-social approach. Established in 2010 as a small-scale citizens’ initiative, Ubuntuhuis collaborates closely with individuals who have personal experience with homelessness, poverty, and social exclusion. Poverty Coalition Utrecht Founded in 2009, the Poverty Coalition Utrecht has seen an increasing number of partners joining its cause. Together they are committed to reducing poverty and combating social exclusion. The Poverty Coalition Utrecht unites large organizations, grassroots initiatives, aid providers, advocates, and individuals with relevant practical experience. The aim is to improve the position of those with limited fnancial means and address social exclusion. 30 | Utrecht and the Global Goals Utrecht and the Global Goals | 31 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 10% 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Figure 1.1 | Registered problematic debts Source: CBS Netherlands Utrecht Total Welfare Disability Unemployment Income < €1600 per month Education at primary or prevocational level Senior general secondary education, pre-university or vocational educatoin Households with children 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 163 103 5% 20% 15% 12% 10% 10% 9% 9% Figure 1.2 | Share of inhabitants with debts per characteristic Source: Inwonersenquête, 2021 7,6% 8,9% 19,2% 12,7% 17,7% 12,9% 9,1% 31,5% 10,6% 18% Figure 1.3 | Share of household with income < 125% WSM Source: CBS, 2020 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 0 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 0 Figure 1.4 | Benefits provided Source: Gemeente Utrecht Welfare (households) Unemployment (persons) Disability (persons) Total

Around 14.4% of households have an income at or below the Utrecht poverty line, and 5.9% of children live in poverty. However, the number of households with problematic debts has been decreasing. To tackle poverty, Utrecht implements initiatives such as the U-pass, household book, and a debt action plan.

12 • Sustainability Report (VLR) ▪ City of Oslo ▪ SDG1: No Poverty The first Sustainable Development Goal is to end poverty in all its forms everywhere in the world, including both extreme poverty and relative poverty. The combination of high employment and good welfare benefits means that the prevalence of extreme poverty is very low both in Oslo and Norway in general. However, relative poverty, which encapsulates several dimensions, including the financial, material and social, is a growing challenge in Oslo. It is also problematic that the disparities between different groups and neighbourhoods in the city in relation to several of these dimensions have increased in recent years. This is something the report discusses in further detail in SDG10 (Reduced Inequalities). Poverty and poor living conditions are complex, and there are many factors that play a part. The most important job for the City of Oslo other than providing good services across the population concerns adapting welfare schemes and initiating measures for particu￾larly exposed or vulnerable groups. This may include reducing the impact of poverty and limiting the pro￾portion of children who grow up in poverty, young people who are not in education, employment or train￾ing, or newly-arrived immigrants who struggle to enter the labour market and other social arenas. The corona￾virus pandemic may have contributed to increasing the social and economic disparities in the city, and the City of Oslo plays an important role in preventing more people from descending into poverty as a consequence of this. Many activities in Oslo cost money, and the city has a high cost of living. There are high housing prices, it is expensive to participate in most activities and ser￾vices, and many are excluded from important arenas and meeting places. Therefore, poverty in Oslo is rarely extreme or life-threatening, however there are parts of the city with a high proportion of households that live on what is defined as a persistent low income, i.e. that the household has earned, on average, less than 60 per cent of the median income in Norway during the last three years. There are major differences within the city. The proportion of children who live in households with a persistent low income varies from 32.5 per cent in the district with the highest level to 5.4 per cent in the district with the lowest level. For the city as a whole, the proportion increased from 16.5 per cent to 17.2 per cent on average from 2013 to 2020. For Norway as a whole, the proportion was 11.7 per cent in 2020. Persistent low income is associated with a number of challenges relating to living conditions and n Figure 1 Percentage of children under the age of 18 who live in households with a persistent low income for Oslo (including districts with the highest and lower per￾centages) and Norway 2013–2020. The most important job for the City of Oslo other than providing good services across the population concerns adapting welfare schemes and initiating measures for particularly exposed or vulnerable groups. Sustainability Report (VLR) ▪ City of Oslo • 13 health outcomes, and can limit opportunities to partici￾pate in society on an equal footing to others. The per￾centage of families with children who live in over￾crowded conditions is twice as high in Oslo when com￾pared with the rest of the country. The number of homeless has fallen steadily in the past 20 years, and this number was 821 in 2020. There are also more people who rent their homes in Oslo than in the rest of the country, and housing stability in Oslo is also lower than elsewhere in Norway. What are we doing? The City of Oslo’s efforts to combat poverty rest on the social element of the municipal master plan, through strategies and objectives linked to better inclusion in working life, earlier efforts targeting children and young people, and to urban development that contributes to greater social balance across the city. The City of Oslo’s resource allocation system is the most important mechanism for ensuring resources are allocated in a manner that meets local needs across the city and between districts, and 80 per cent of the budget of the districts is allocated in this manner. Combating poverty in the context of Oslo involves a joint effort across major areas such as employment, work qualifications, income security, housing and child￾hood environment – ensuring there are good and relia￾ble services that are adapted to the population, while also introducing targeted measures and initiatives as required. The City of Oslo operates a number of public services that provide financial support to citizens in need, including the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration (NAV). The special initiatives within these areas include Summer Jobs for Young People which helps young people in Oslo to obtain relevant work experience and meaningful activity during the summer weeks. Oslo Help which provides a non￾bureaucratic service to families, and involves various agencies working together to provide a holistic service based on the needs of the individual families. To improve income security, municipal housing benefits have been introduced, and the rate for financial social assistance has been increased. There is now a free before and after-school programme for children (AKS) and free core time in kindergartens across the city. Persistent low income is associated with a number of challenges relating to living conditions and health outcomes, and can limit opportunities to participate in society on an equal footing to others. Photo: Nikolai Kobets Freund / City of Oslo

Informe Local Voluntario - Lima 2021 En Lima, de un total de 9’813,321 habitantes, el porcentaje de la población que se encontraba en situación de pobreza en el 2020 fue casi el doble respecto del 2019. Una de cada 4 personas vivía en aquella situación. La pobreza extrema se elevó a 2.7% en el 2020, respecto del 0.4% del 2019. Sobre los sistemas de protección social, solo 2 de cada 5 personas mayores de 14 años de edad contaban con seguro de pensión en el 2020. Por otro lado, se estima que un tercio de la población limeña cuenta con el seguro social de salud (EsSalud), mientras que otro tercio cuenta con el Seguro Integral de Salud (SIS). Este último es un esquema diseñado para proteger a las personas que no cuentan con un seguro de salud, priorizando a quienes se encuentran en situación de pobreza y pobreza extrema. La afliación al SIS en el 2020 se incrementó en 4 puntos porcentuales, con el fn de ofrecer cobertura integral para la atención por COVID-19 a la población más vulnerable. Además de lo mencionado, aproximadamente una de cada 10 personas tenía, al menos, una necesidad básica insatisfecha al 2020. Según la Enaho, se encuentra una mayor incidencia de la pobreza en la población infantil (42.2%) y en edad escolar (37.12%), sobre todo de primaria (40,3%)1 . Esto, en relación con el promedio para Lima, de 26.6% en el 2020. La incidencia es también mayor entre la población que se autoidentifca, debido a su lengua materna, como quechua (28.2%)2 . Poner fin a la pobreza en todas sus formas y en todo el mundo. ODS 1 Meta 1.1 Meta 1.2 Meta 1.3 Meta 1.4 Meta 1.b Pobreza extrema. Reducción de la pobreza. Sistemas y medidas nacionales de protección social. Acceso a derechos, recursos y servicios básicos. Estrategias a favor de mujeres, pobres y grupos vulnerables. Meta 1.1 - 1.2 Meta 1.3 Esta iniciativa forma parte de la campaña En Lima Nos Ayudamos Todos. La municipalidad entrega, mediante el personal de sus diferentes gerencias, paquetes de ayuda que contienen alimentos con alto contenido de proteína (carne y leche), agua, almuerzos, artículos de higiene, pañales y productos esenciales para la emergencia sanitaria. Las personas benefciarias de las donaciones son identifcados por la MML y los líderes vecinales de cada localidad. La MML, así como la Fundación Lima, gestiona donaciones de diversas organizaciones sociales y empresas privadas, destinadas a la ayuda humanitaria de las poblaciones más vulnerables. 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.4 2.7 16.1 15.8 15.6 14.5 12.8 11.8 11.0 11.0 13.3 13.1 14.2 26.6 12.0 9.8 11.0 9.5 9.3 9.6 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.4 9.1 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Porcentaje de población en pobreza, pobreza extrema y con al menos una necesidad básica insatisfecha Población en situación de pobreza extrema monetaria Población en situación de pobreza monetaria Población con al menos una necesidad básica insatisfecha Fuente: Enaho INEI Datos a nivel de Lima Metropolitana 33.3 34.9 35.9 37.3 39.6 38.1 41.3 39.8 39.8 41.9 41.9 41.1 40.77 8.8 10.9 12.3 12.5 11.2 16.3 19.5 23.7 27.1 27.8 28.8 30.8 34.6 27.8 29.5 29.7 30.6 33.5 33.3 34.5 35.0 34.1 34.8 32.8 33.1 33.8 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Porcentaje de población con seguro de pensión Seguro integral de Salud (SIS) y seguro social de salud (EsSalud) Población de 14 a más años de edad con seguro de pensión Población afiliada al seguro integral de salud Población con acceso a seguro social de salud - EsSalud Fuente: Enaho INEI Datos a nivel de provincia de Lima 32 Firmado digitalmente por LAURA RIOS Christian Alberto FAU 20131380951 hard Motivo: Doy V° B° Fecha: 07.10.2021 12:05:57 -05:00 Informe Local Voluntario - Lima 2021 A nivel nacional, en el 2020, la proporción del gasto público de capital destinado a sectores vulnerables fue de 7%. Este incremento Al 2020, el 97.1% de limeñas y limeños vive en hogares abastecidos de los tres servicios básicos; los que cuentan con agua son el 98.82%; con saneamiento, 93.92%; y con electricidad, 99.79%3 . Meta 1.4 Meta 1.b 1, 2, 3 INEI (2020): Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (Enaho). Referencias: Los indicadores de pobreza mostraban inestabilidad antes de la pandemia. Con la crisis sanitaria, aumentaron sin control, demostrando la gran vulnerabilidad social en la ciudad. Las soluciones a la pobreza deben ser estructurales e interseccionales, focalizando los territorios con mayor vulnerabilidad dentro de la ciudad. Las políticas e intervenciones deben abordar específcamente cómo la pobreza afecta de diferentes maneras e intensidades a las comunidades y poblaciones que resultan más vulnerables. Conclusiones y desafíos 91.2 91.5 93.5 95.3 93.9 95 95.7 97.1 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Proporción de la población que vive en hogares con acceso a los servicios básicos Fuente: Enaho - INEI Datos a nivel de provincia de Lima signifcativo respecto del 2019 (3.3%) se debe a que el Estado invirtió grandes sumas de dinero (en efectivo como bonos, o como alimentos y artículos de primera necesidad) para asistir a las poblaciones más afectadas por la crisis económica que generó la pandemia. Firmado digitalmente por LAURA 33 RIOS Christian Alberto FAU 20131380951 hard Motivo: Doy V° B° Fecha: 07.10.2021 12:06:18 -05:00 Informe Local Voluntario - Lima 2021 34 Firmado digitalmente por LAURA RIOS Christian Alberto FAU 20131380951 hard Motivo: Doy V° B° Fecha: 07.10.2021 12:07:15 -05:00

9 SDG 1– No Poverty The first SDG seeks to end poverty in all its forms everywhere (ODSLocal, 2022a). To do so, it covers aspects related to poverty, social protection, vulnerability to risks and access to resources (Idem). In this sense, the targets of the first SDG related to poverty focus on eradicating extreme poverty (Target 1.1), reduce poverty by at least 50% (Target 1.2), mobilize resources to implement policies to combat poverty (Target 1.A) and create pro-poor and gender-sensitive policy framework structures (Target 1.B) (Idem). Regarding social protection, the main target is to implement social protection systems (Target 1.3) (Idem). In terms of vulnerability to risks, the target that stands out is increasing resilience to environmental, economic and social disasters (Target 1.5) (Idem). The last target, related to access to resources, is to ensure equal access to property, basic services, technology and economic resources (Target 1.4) (Idem). For a better understanding of this SDG, figure 4 helps to understand the SDG and its targets. 10 Figure 4. SDG 1. No Poverty. ODSLocal, 2022b. Own translation. Within the scope of this SDG, the Municipality of Matosinhos has developed and implemented several projects and good practices. For projects, we can mention: Ribeiras + Inclusiva “Ribeiras more Inclusive” is a project that hopes to work with the community as a whole, reinforcing its skills and improving its ability to adapt to the changes that the future holds, with a special focus on children and the elderly. 100Limites “100Limits” was created to respond to the needs felt in the territory and identified in the Social Diagnosis of the Municipality as well as in the Municipal Health Plan. These needs are based on several intervention lines of the Healthy Neighbourhoods Programme. 11 (Com) Vida S. Gens Histórias do meu Bairro A project designed to establish relationships between the residents of the S. Gens housing complex. The project (“With Life S. Gens Stories of my Neighbourhood”) culminates with the making of 5 short mobile documentary films (recorded with smartphones), showing the sharing of memories, testimonies about life in the S. Gens housing complex. In this way, the viewer will have an understanding of the daily life of this community and different views of it. The idea is to give a voice to local residents about the positive experiences in their Housing Estate and to break down prejudices and stigmatisation about the experiences and representations of social actors who live in territories classified as excluded territories. In terms of good practices, some were implemented, such as: A Minha Merenda The lifestyles and the diet of the children of the municipality of Matosinhos are a priority in the educational and health promotion policy designed for Matosinhos. The objective of A Minha Merenda (“My Meals”) is to provide healthy meals for children and fulfil the needs of families. Leite Escolar The “School Milk Regime” consists in distributing exclusively plain milk instead of chocolate milk. This distribution to the students is carried out daily in all kindergartens and primary schools of the 1st cycle of the public school system in the municipality and does not bring costs to the parents. 12 Regime de Fruta escolar The “School Fruit Regime” consists of the free distribution of fruit and vegetables in order to nutritionally enrich the snacks of pre￾school and primary school children. In addition to the students, the teachers also receive free fruit and vegetables so that they can serve as an example to the children. Regarding the achievement of the Targets of this first SDG, we present the example of the indicator Proportion of households served by wastewater drainage (%), referring to target 1.4. In this case, it is possible to verify that the municipality has already exceeded (99) the 2030 target value (90). Figure 5. Proportion of households served by wastewater drainage (%). ODSLocal, 2022c.

Voluntary local review of Helsingborg Voluntary local review of Helsingborg GOAL 1. END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE From an international perspective, the level of poverty in Sweden is low. But in relation to our domestic circumstances, there are also poor households and individuals in this country. In Sweden, municipalities oversee a large proportion of the social support and care provided to those who are economically vulnerable. This support is far-reaching, and no one is supposed to be left behind. Long-term unemployment and long-term sick-listing cause economic dif￾culties for individuals who may need fnancial support or other help from society in order to move forward. Despite the support and safety nets available in Sweden, there is a problem with homelessness. ANALYSIS To learn about the development of the goal’s indicators in Helsingborg, we monitor the pro￾portion of children and young people growing up in economically challenged households and people who have needed fnancial aid for a long period of time. Infuencing the development of these indicators requires long-term efforts with multiple initiatives, especially regarding Goal 4 – Quality education and Goal 8 – Decent work and economic growth. 9 Voluntary local review of Helsingborg Voluntary local review of Helsingborg Children and young people growing up in economically challenged households The proportion of children and young people growing up in economically challenged house￾holds decreased before the pandemic. But in Helsingborg, there is a larger proportion of chil￾dren living in economic vulnerability compared to many other larger cities in Sweden, which is the result of higher unemployment. Fewer children are growing up in economically challenged households now compared with after the fnancial crisis of 2009, when the indicator for child poverty was around 18 per cent. Individuals with a lack of education, those with a low pension, and single parents are groups who are increasingly facing fnancial difculties. Children living in households with a challeng￾ing economy are a group who themselves have no power to infuence their situation, which is why municipal efforts are particularly important. Growing up in poverty has a strong negative impact on a child’s life prospects. Children in families experiencing economic difculties are less able to participate in society, often perform worse academically, have uncertain living conditions, while also feeling that a path to realising their dreams is not available to them. Furthermore, children are affected by their parents’ economic concerns and the uncertainty that comes with living without a buffer. This can impact their mental health. Residents with long-term fnancial assistance The unemployment rate in Helsingborg is slightly higher than the national average in Sweden, especially among the younger population. Long-term unemployment risks leading to long￾term dependence on fnancial aid. There is an over-representation of people who do not have an upper-secondary education among those who have received long-term fnancial assis￾tance. These are the main reasons why Helsingborg has a larger proportion of residents with long-term fnancial assistance than other larger cities in Sweden. To defeat poverty in this tar￾get group will take a lot of effort from the public society, due to the complexity of the problem. A GLIMPSE OF WHAT WE ARE TESTING IN HELSINGBORG Bostad Först (Housing First) - challenging homelessness Housing First is based on the fundamental principle that housing is a basic human right. Se￾cure accommodation allows people to take control of their own lives. Support from Housing First is adapted to each person and is based on the individual them￾selves participating and establishing their goals, their plans for the future, and planning any treatment for substance abuse or mental ill-health. There are no extra requirements set for re￾ceiving support, for example, that you must be sober to retain your lease. The conditions that apply to all tenants apply within Housing First, i.e., that you comply with the lease agreement. 85 per cent of those who have been granted primary leases have been able to retain them. This result is in line with positive outcomes from other experimental projects that have been conducted internationally.

55 This goal aims to combat poverty everywhere. In a Swedish context, the challenges in respect of this goal mainly involve increasing income-related inequality and the fact that many people live in relative poverty. Malmö still has a high percentage of households with low economic standards, and no reduction is apparent. A slight decrease, on the other hand, can be seen as regards the percentage of Malmö residents who are receiving fnancial assistance. At the same time, the trend suggests that more Malmö residents need help with making a living as a consequence of the coronavirus pandemic.

CITY OF MALMÖ • VOLUNTARY LOCAL REVIEW • APPENDIX 1 | SDG 1 6 SDG 1. No Poverty 6 The Sustainability report used two diferent ways of measuring economic vulnerability. Low income standard, which is an absolute measure, is used in Sweden to classify low-income households. A household is considered to have a low income standard if its income is insufcient to pay for neces￾sary living expenses such as accommodation, home insurance, childcare and local travel. In Sweden, the internationally accepted relative income measure that indicates households with disposable incomes below 60 per cent of the country’s median income is deemed to be a low economic standard (SCB, no year stated). 7 The disadvantage of using a low economic standard as a measure of poverty is that the commuting to work that takes place between Sweden and Denmark is disregarded, which means that the measure is overestimated. That said, estimates show that only 3.5 per cent of Malmö residents live in Malmö but work in Denmark, so the impact from this group is probably marginal. Te frst goal of the agenda, No Poverty, is to combat poverty everywhere. Poverty in this context can be described as a lack of resources which means that an individual does not have the standard of living that is considered generally accepted in society, but it also involves a lack of power, infuence, social protection and security. For Sweden – and Malmö – the chal￾lenges in respect of this goal mainly involve increasing income-related inequality and the fact that many people live in relative poverty. Te national govern￾ment bears a great deal of responsibility in this context; for health systems, unemployment systems, pension systems and tax policy tools that can have an equal￾ising efect for the most vulnerable groups. Te city’s responsibilities and commitments include identify￾ing which people (particularly children) are living in poverty and implementing compensatory measures (at both individual and group level), but local respon￾sibility for fnancial assistance also makes the city an important stakeholder in the fght against poverty. Tere are two indicators for the goal: • Residents aged 0–19 in economically vulnerable households • Adult welfare recipients with long-term fnancial assistance Many Malmö residents have low economic standards Sustainability report 2019 found that economic vul￾nerability6 fell slightly (approximately 0.2 percentage points) between 2016 and 2017, and that this decrease applied to both children and adults in Malmö. Although economic vulnerability has decreased slightly for children and adults of working age, it was found that economic vulnerability remained high in Malmö compared with Stockholm and Gothenburg. Te most recent follow-up from 2020 confrmed the view of a Malmö where many residents still have low incomes. Malmö still has a higher percentage of house￾holds with a low economic standard (Stadskontoret, Malmö stad 2021–1, page 68) compared with Stockholm and Gothenburg. In Malmö, approximately one in four households had a low economic standard, a fgure signifcantly higher than in the other major cities. Sustainability report 2020 analysed development over a longer period of time, 2011–2018, and the anal￾ysis showed that the same slowly declining trend as in Stockholm and Gothenburg is not apparent in Malmö. Instead, the percentage of the population with a low economic standard has remained stable between 2011 and 2018 at around 26 per cent.7 Higher percentage of Malmö residents receiving fnancial assistance than in the other major cities Financial assistance, which is another measure that can be used to measure the extent of poverty, is a means￾tested form of support that can be applied for people who have problems supporting themselves and their families. In 2018, 8.9 per cent of Malmö residents received fnancial assistance at some point during the year (Kolada N31816). In Sustainability report 2019, the analyses showed that it was not possible among elderly Malmö residents receiving fnancial assistance to see the same decrease as for children and adults of working age. Tis kind of trend is problematic, given the fact that population forecasts indicate that the per￾centage of elderly people in the population is expected to increase over the next decade. Te follow-up also CITY OF MALMÖ • VOLUNTARY LOCAL REVIEW • APPENDIX 1 | SDG 1 7 showed that there was a higher percentage of women than men receiving fnancial assistance in Malmö, and this should be noted from both a gender equality perspective and a child perspective. Te subsequent sustainability follow-up from 2020 states that 8.5 per cent of all Malmö residents received fnancial assistance at some point during the year, which was almost twice as high as the level in Gothenburg and 3.5 times as high as in Stockholm8 (Kolada N31807). Among adult Malmö residents, 3.6 per cent received fnancial assistance for at least ten months in 2019, which according to the Swedish def￾nition counts as long-term fnancial assistance (Kolada N31816). Tis is twice as high as in Gothenburg and four times as high as in Stockholm. If we analyse the percentage of the population receiv￾ing fnancial assistance, broken down according to age and gender, it is clear that it is most common for women to receive fnancial assistance when they are aged 40–49. Te diferences between age groups are smaller for men, at least in the 20–64 age range. It becomes very rare to receive fnancial assistance after reaching retirement age.9 Between the ages of 40 and 64, there are more people receiving long-term fnancial assistance than those receiving short-term assistance. Te analyses also show signifcant diferences between Malmö residents born in Sweden and those born out￾side the EU2810 when it comes to fnancial assistance (see Figure 2). 8 It is worth noting that the City of Stockholm’s geographical limits (city boundaries) mean that several areas that can be termed socioeconomically vulnerable are not always included in the statistics used for Stockholm as a basis for comparison. Malmö includes the socioeconomically vulnerable areas within the city’s geographical limits. This means that the fgures for the City of Malmö will be higher when compared with Stockholm. 9 However, it is important to note that pensioners in Sweden have access to other types of benefts such as housing supplements and guaranteed pensions, which can largely replace fnancial assistance. 10 This abbreviation refers to the 28 member states that made up the European Union (EU) until 31 January 2020. The Union is now made up of 27 member states since the UK left. For a more detailed description of the countries that were part of the EU28, see https://europa.eu/european-union/ about-eu/countries_sv Statistics from the Labour Market and Social Services Committee (Arbetsmarknads- och socialnämnden, Malmö stad 2020) showed an increase in the number of Malmö residents in need of assistance with support during the pandemic year of 2020. 2020 also saw a decrease in the number of households becoming self-sufcient, as well as an approximately fve per cent decrease in the number of people who completed various labour market initiatives because they had either found work or had started studying. Tis development is likely due to the fact that the coronavi￾rus pandemic has afected Malmö residents’ chances of fnding jobs and that the most vulnerable people in the labour market have been afected the most. Figure 2. Percentage of Malmö’s population aged 20 or above who received fnancial assistance in 2018, listed by region of birth and gender and broken down according to how long they received fnancial assistance (%). Source: SCB, Skåne database. 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Men Sweden Women Men Nordic countries outside Sweden EU28 outside the Nordic countries Rest of the world Women Men Women Men Women 10–12 months –9 months

Chapter Five CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADVANCING THE 2030 AGENDA IN MWANZA CITY SDG 1 Under SDG 1, Mwanza City faces challenges such as a high number of poor households (10,512) and limited success in providing cash transfers to households in need (only 65.37% received support). Additionally, the amount of grants issued decreased compared to the previous year, and there is a need to improve data collection and expand the database of people living in poverty to address these issues effectively. Recommendations: ● Strengthen cash transfer programs, like TASAF, by streamlining disbursement processes, addressing administrative challenges, and ensuring timely delivery of funds. ● Investigate the reasons behind the decrease in grants issued in 2022 to allocate sufficient financial resources and reverse the trend. ● Improve monitoring and evaluation systems to track progress and measure the impact of poverty reduction efforts, utilizing beneficiary feedback for program adjustments. ● Enhance targeting mechanisms by developing accurate databases and improving data collection methods to 66 effectively identify households living in poverty. ● Foster collaboration and coordination among stakeholders, including government agencies and the community, to ensure a coherent and integrated approach to poverty reduction. ● Incorporate community views, such as economic empowerment for women, reduced interest rates and loan repayment, and improved access to funds and financial institutions, into policy and practice for more effective strategies. 67

Poner fin a la pobreza en todas sus formas en todo el mundo META DESCRIPCIÓN 1.1 De aquí a 2030, erradicar para todas las personas de Montevideo la pobreza extrema (actualmente se considera que sufren pobreza extrema las personas que viven con menos de 1,25 dólares de los Estados Unidos al día) 1.2 De aquí a 2030 contribuir a erradicar al menos a la mitad la pro￾porción de hombres, mujeres y niños de todas las edades que viven la población de Montevideo que vive en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las definiciones nacionales 1.4 Para 2030, garantizar que todos los hombres y mujeres, en particu￾lar los pobres y los más vulnerables, tengan los mismos derechos a los recursos económicos, así como acceso a los servicios básicos, la propiedad y el control de las tierras y otros bienes, la herencia, los recursos naturales, las nuevas tecnologías y los servicios económi￾cos, incluida la microfinanciación. 1.5 Para 2030, fomentar la resiliencia de los pobres y las personas que se encuentran en situaciones vulnerables y reducir su exposición y vulnerabilidad a los fenómenos extremos relacionados con el clima y a otros desastres económicos, sociales y ambientales. 1.b Crear marcos normativos sólidos en el plano departamental, sobre la base de estrategias de desarrollo en favor de los pobres que ten￾gan en cuenta las cuestiones de género, generaciones, étnico racial, movilidad humana y discapacidad; a fin de apoyar la inversión acelerada en medidas para erradicar la pobreza 95

Page 87 of 139 Annexure E: Data Annexure for the City of Cape Town Priority SDGs SDG 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere SDG Indicator 1.1.1 Proportion of the population living below the international poverty line by sex, age, employment status and eo ra hic location urban rural The CCT proxy indicator, proportion of households living below the international poverty line by race and not by sex, age, employment status and geographic location, decreased from 2014 to 2018 but in 2019 showed a slight increase in the proportion of poor in the Cape Town for the majority of population groups. The of White population groups shows a slight 0.80% decrease for the period 2018 to 2019.140 140 Data speaks to monthly household income of R3 500 or less and excludes households with an unspecified income. The sample size for Indian/Asian households is small. Page 88 of 139 SDG indicator 1.2.1 Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age141 In Cape Town, the percentage of households below the upper bound poverty line (UBPL) has declined from 20.8 percent in 2014 to 15.3 percent in 2018 but for the period between 2018 and 2019, a significant increase of 12.2 percent is noted for those households living below the upper bound poverty line. Adult women generally experience higher levels of poverty when compared to their male counterparts, regardless of the poverty line used. Poverty decreased for the period 2006 to 2011 in the province before households poverty measures increased slightly by 1.4 percent in 2015. Western Cape can be used as a proxy for Cape Town, but it should be noted that rural household poverty levels are generally higher than urban household poverty levels. SDG indicator 1.2.2 Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions As per the NIDS-CRAM Wave 2 survey (June 2020) findings, urban areas shack dwellers were most vulnerable to hunger. Approximately 1-in-8 survey respondents (13%) live in “an informal house like a shack.” Half of shack￾dwellers (51%) experience financial shortages to buy food during June 2020 and 22% of persons in their household went hungry in the previous 7 days. 141 Stats SA conducts three household surveys that gather data of relevance to monetary and non-monetary dimensions of poverty and inequality, namely the General Household Survey (GHS), the Income and Expenditure Survey (IES), and the Living Conditions Survey (LCS). GHS is an annual survey, and both the IES and LCS occur every five years, however the LCS data is more recent than the IES data. The sample coverage of all the surveys is identical, with sampling design intended to provide a representative picture of households at national and provincial level, with similar sample sizes. With GHS the lowest level of geographic aggregation for the data is Province (and metropolitan municipality). With LCS the lowest level of geographic aggregation for the data is Province. LCS provides more detail on both household and individual poverty than the GHS. Page 89 of 139 SDG indicator 1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services Overall, the access to basic services remained relatively constant and at high levels for the period 2014 to 2018. Between 2014 and 2018, household access to piped water, sanitation and energy decreased slightly in Cape Town, though at generally high levels of access but saw an increase for the period between 2018 and 2019. Household access to refuse removal improved between 2014 and 2017 but saw a marginal decrease between the 2017 to 2019 period. SDG indicator 1.5.4 Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national disaster risk reduction strategies The City of Cape Town’s Multi-Disciplinary Incident Management Plan (MIMP) was last updated in 2008. SDG indicator 1.b.1 Pro-poor public social spending 13 500 people (mainly from disadvantaged areas) received enhanced skills through training collectives between 2014 and March 2020.

HLPF - 2017 29 Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere The manifesto of Goal 1 is to “End poverty in all its forms everywhere” by 2030, where the international poverty line is currently set at $1.90 per-day using 2011 United States dollar purchasing power parity (PPP). SDG 1 further aims at ensuring social protection for the poor and vulnerable, increase access to basic services and support people harmed by climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. In 2002, the proportion of the world’s population living below the poverty line dropped by half, from 26 per cent to 13 per cent; good news for rest of world but this global trend was not reflected in Afghanistan. Because escaping extreme poverty needs extraordinary efforts and resources, it create huge challenges for Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Furthermore, escaping poverty for Afghan people is more difficult due to conflict; as Poverty and conflict are widely understood to be closely interconnected and considered as two faces of one coin. Recently, the conflict has been escalating across Afghanistan and the percentage of people living under the poverty line has increased from 35.8 percent in 2011-2012 to 39.1 percent in 2013-14, representing approximately 1.3 million additional Afghans living in poverty. The armed conflict in Afghanistan is weakening government institutions and decreasing economic performances, negatively impacting the employment, increasing inequality and public services distribution. Conflict tends to increase the gap between the people and government institutions; youth is therefore drawn to joining anti-government elements and to fighting against the government, creating an environment of escalating violence across the country. The vicious cycle of conflict intensifies poverty, which further feeds conflict and insecurity. The transition period from 2012 to 2014 leading to the election of 2014, associated with the transfer of responsibility from international security forces to Afghan forces and the decrease in international spending, has deepened the roots of the conflict in Afghanistan; this situation increased poverty across Afghanistan. As conflict intensified and spread through the country, internal displacement reached a new high, further exacerbating the structural poverty and work challenges Afghan households face. According to the latest United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) data, about 2.9 million Afghans are “internally displaced”, 22 percent of whom fled their homes in 2016 alone. The challenge posed by conflict and internal displacement is aggravated by the massive return of refugees and migrants from Pakistan and Iran. In 2016 alone, HLPF - 2017 30 about 250 thousand undocumented migrants and 370 thousand registered refugees returned from Pakistan, and an additional 460 thousand undocumented migrants returned from Iran. 7 The estimates suggest that, on average for every security incident happening in a district more individuals are forced to move towards more peaceful areas, especially towards major cities of Afghanistan, thus directly affecting the wellbeing of those displaced peoples and causing poverty to increase. In parallel to poverty and conflict, unemployment is another major challenge for GoIRA; according to ALCS data, unemployment reached 22.6 percent in 2013-14, and underemployment rate was 16.4 percent means 39 percent of the labour force was not gainfully employed in 2013-14. The Poverty Analysis and Policy Committee (PAPC), which is consist of 7 line ministries namely Ministry of Economy (MoEc), Ministry of Finance (MoF), Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Martyred and Disables (MoLSAMD), Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestocks (MAIL), Ministry of Public Health (MoPH), Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD) and Central Statistics Organization (CSO) is currently working on poverty analysis and policy making towards alleviation of poverty in Afghanistan. GoIRA is committed to ending poverty and for that purpose has initiated multiple programs in different line ministries. The Afghan Citizen Charter Project is one of the major programs of the Afghan government which directly fights poverty at national level in the country. The development objective for the Citizens’ Charter Afghanistan Project is to improve the delivery of core infrastructure and social services to participating communities through strengthened Community Development Councils (CDCs). These services are part of a minimum service standards package that the Government is committed to delivering to the citizens of Afghanistan. The overall budget allocated to this program is an amount of 2.1 billion dollars for 10 years. The commitment of the GoIRA in fighting poverty is strong and there are many effective programs in place to decrease poverty to a substantial level. The significant programs in poverty alleviation are listed as follows:  The National Skills Development Programme (NSDP) which has started by the MoLSAMD in 2004 and still continuing has been a good effort in giving formal and non- formal trainings in order to allow Afghan job seeker to find job easily. 7 Figures updated as of January 2017 ( see www.unoch.org/afghanistan) HLPF - 2017 31  The Safety Net and Social Protection (SNSP) is another programme led by MoLSAMD with the objective of providing safety nets and social protection to poor families, disables, martyr families, and also bringing reform in pension programs.  Support for Afghan Livelihood and Mobility (SALAM) is a programme helping internal displaced people and Afghan returnees from abroad.  Like the above mentioned programs there are many other major programs which target poverty at the national and sub-national level in the country. The Women Economic Empowerment National Priority Programme (WEENPP) is one of those major programs started on 8 March 2017 that will continue for 10 years with a cumulative budget of over $100 million. This program sees the contribution of 9 ministries and is led by MoLSAMD. Escaping the vicious cycle of poverty for afghan society will not be easy. Until peace is the major need of Afghanistan in order to fight poverty truly and confidently. Target 1.1: By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.9 a day. The indicator proportions of population below the international poverty line defined as the percentage of the population living on less than $ 1.90 a day at 2011 international prices. Poverty is multidimensional and measurable from a variety of perspectives. The measurement of poverty in Afghanistan follows the Cost of Basic Needs approach (CBN). The official poverty line for Afghanistan was set in 2010 using the National risk and Vulnerability Assessment (NRVA) 2007-08 data and updated in 2011-12 to reflect price changes over time. The CBN poverty line indicates the monetary value consumption at which members of a household can be expected to meet food and non-food needs. Accordingly, the poverty headcount rate (poverty rate) indicates the share of the population whose consumption falls short of the poverty line.8 However, the Afghanistan Living Condition Surveys of 2013-2014 (ALCS 2012-2014) is an outstanding piece of document for analyzing the status of poverty in Afghanistan. The ALCS 2013 -2014 reveals that poverty increased over time, with 39.1 percent of population living below the national poverty line. The period of 2011-2014 was characterized by a substantial downturned of economic growth that powered by political uncertainty. 8 Afghanistan Poverty Status (Update) Progress at Risk/ An analysis based on the Afghanistan Living Condition Survey 2013-14, 2011-12 and on the Risk and Vulnerability Assessment 2007-08 /World Bank. HLPF - 2017 32 Target 1.2: By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definition. This target indicates to reduce the percentage of population living under poverty in all its dimensions according to national definition of poverty line. According to ALCS 2011-12, 36.6% of the Afghans were living in poverty with 28.9% of urban, 37.3% of rural and 53.8% of Kochi population. The (PAPC) has been working on various policies and plans to reduce poverty in the country. The GoIRA is fully committed in reducing poverty in all its dimension and targeting poor and vulnerable people has been the main focus almost all the government project around the country. PAPC reviews all the development projects assures the projects targets the poor and benefits the vulnerable portion of the population. Target 1.3: Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and vulnerable. Despite progress over the past decade, increasing social protection for those most in need remains a priority. Globally, 18,000 children still die each day from poverty-related causes, and only 28 per cent of employed women effectively protected through contributory and non-contributory maternity cash benefits.20 Most poor people remain outside social protection systems, especially in low-income countries. Of the entire population, only 1 out of 5 receive any type of social protection in low-income countries, compared with 2 out of 3 in upper-middle-income countries. The coverage gap is particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, where most of the world’s poorest people live. In sub-Saharan Africa, only 15 per cent of those in the bottom income quintile have access to a social protection benefit.9 In Afghanistan the social protection floors or systems covered the vulnerable proportion of the population, which is divided into four sectors, (1) disabled (2) Martyred families (3) Pensioners (4) vulnerable families with children under the age of 10. At the moment, 110,037 disables are covered by social protection/safety net programs; 155,000 martyred families, 120,000 pensioners and 35,000 vulnerable families which has children under 10 years are covered by social protection and safety net programs in Afghanistan. The GoIRA has many programs which benefits the poor and vulnerable. The Safety Net and Social Protection (SNSP) directly targets poor by giving them pensions. The National Skills Development Program (NSDP) which has started in 2004 9 https://sr.one.un.org/1-no-poverty/, February 2017. HLPF - 2017 33 has a significant impact in helping unskilled labor which consists most of the poor population by giving them non-formal training for job access. Target 1.5: By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. For tracking this target, most countries established disaster loss databases used for managing and counting the losses of human from any natural disasters, however the many civil protection agencies and academic institutions used the information obtained from database for research bases. Afghanistan National Disaster Management Authority (ANDMA) upgraded to Ministry of Disaster Management and its key mandate is to oversight and manage all the natural disaster issues and provide basic services to vulnerable people affected by disasters. Number of deaths, missing persons and persons affected by disaster per 100,000 people as of 2015 data is 23, 11 and 33 persons per 100,000 people respectively. The GoIRA in order to reduce the poor and vulnerable exposure to disaster and climate￾related extreme events has introduced key Government Ministries with important disaster response roles. These ministries include Ministries of Rural Rehabilitation and Development, Interior, Public Health, Refugee and Returnees, Urban Development, Agriculture, Irrigation and Water, Defense, Communications and Information, Economy, Finance, Transport and Public Works. Target a.1: Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable mean for developing countries, in particular least development programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions. The Government of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoIRA) has adopted a strategy to prioritize the development project in order to target the poor. The budget allocations of the development plans and projects is executed in a way to promote job creation, irrigation for better agricultural productions and to target the poor and most vulnerable Afghans around the country. As of the data provided by the ministry of Finance the amount of budget allocated directly to poverty reduction is a cumulative amount of $2.1 billion dollars which is divided in $200 million per year till 2030. The GoIRA initiated some development programs to target vulnerable areas and create more jobs for the citizens in the country. Those programs are citizen charter, jobs for HLPF - 2017 34 peace, Saffron production and economic zones. The government will use on budget and off budget resources to implement these development programmes in order to eliminate extreme poverty. Education, health and social protections are the three main dimensions of the poverty. It is very essential and effective to invest in these three areas in order to reduce poverty. The GoIRA’s major achievements during the last one and half decade has been in the education and health sectors. From overall national budget a well amount of the budget is allocated for these three sectors of the economy. In 2016, around 18% of the national budget is allocated in the above mentioned three sectors. Image Source: Behrouz Mehri/AFP/Getty Images

202 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SDG 1 TARGETS 1�1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1�25 a day 1�2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national defnitions 1�3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including foors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable 1�4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and fnancial services, including microfnance 1�5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters 1.a Ensure signifcant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide ade￾quate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions 1�b Create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels, based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies, to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication actions

10 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 3.1. SDG 1 NO POVERTY SDG 1 aims to end poverty in all its for￾ms, everywhere, including different di￾mensions of poverty, i.e. multidimensio￾nal poverty. The Declaration of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development re￾cognizes that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sus￾tainable development. 3.1.1. Angola’s Context According to World Bank (WB) estimates, in 2018, 49.9% of the Angolan population lived below the international poverty line (extreme poverty) of USD 1.90 per day per person (2011 PPP)7 . On the other hand, the Expenditure, Income and Employment Survey (IDREA) 2018-2019 showed that 32.3% of the population lived below the na￾tional poverty line8 . The Angola Multidimensional Poverty Index (IPM-A), which is the national measure of multidimensional poverty, includes diffe￾rent indicators of household deprivation re￾lated to four dimensions: health, education, employment, and quality of life. Based on the 2015-2016 IIMS data, the IPM-A results show that 54.0%9 of the Angolan population lived in multidimensional poverty in that period. Considering that target 1.2 aims to at least halve this proportion, the country’s aim is to attain a percentage of multidimen￾sional poverty less than or equal to 27.0% by the year 203010. Figure 2� Incidence rate of multidimensional poverty based on the Angola Multidimensional Poverty Index (IPM-A), % of poor population in each province 11 PROGRESS IN IM P LEMENTING TH E SD G S The pandemic of COVID-19 is an unpre￾cedented event that poses additional challenges to poverty eradication. The World Bank estimates that the pandemic will reverse the worldwide reduction in extreme poverty that occurred between 1990 and 2017. By 2020, between 88 and 115 million people worldwide may have fa￾llen into poverty as a result of the effects of COVID-19. In this regard, the global goal of reducing the proportion of people li￾ving below the international poverty line by 3% by 2030 appears to be difcult to achieve11. The commitment to SDG 1 also implies re￾doubling efforts to ensure signifcant mo￾bilization of resources from a variety of sources to implement programs and po￾licies to end poverty in all its dimensions (target 1.a). It is also important to note that due to the notorious impacts of climate change, it is estimated that between 68 and 132 million people in the world could become poor by 2030. A key element of poverty eradi￾cation is to increase the resilience of the poorest and most vulnerable and reduce their exposure to climate-related extre￾mes and other economic, social and en￾vironmental shocks and disasters (target 1.5). Between 2012 and 2016, drought cau￾sed by climate change in southern Angola, in the provinces of Cunene, Namibe and Huíla, generated economic losses corres￾ponding to 0.08% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), reaching USD 452.4 mi￾llion12. In 2020-2021, Angola was again hit by a strong drought in different provinces of the country, whose effects are already manifest among rural populations and for which high economic losses are also estimated. Until the frst quarter of 2021, there were 184,180 contributors, 2,088,833 insu￾red and 165,987 pensioners13 enrolled in the mandatory social protection system, which corresponds to about 7.4% of the population in the same year14. This limited coverage of mandatory social protection is also related to the wide extent of the in￾formal economy – about eight out of every 10 people employed in Angola have an in￾formal job15. In Angola the proportion of population with access to appropriate drinking water sour￾ces in 2018-2019 was 51.6% (66.9% in urban areas, 29.2% in rural areas); the proportion of population with access to appropria￾te sanitation facilities in the same period represented 68.6% (91.8% in urban areas, 34.4% in rural areas)16. 3.1.2. Plans, Actions and Perspectives The Government of Angola through the NDP 2018-2022 implements different pro￾grams to eradicate poverty, highlighting the following: 12 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Under the Integrated Program for Lo￾cal Development and Combating Poverty (PIDLCP), until the frst quarter of 2021, 62,324 people were integrated into in￾come-generating activities under the anti-poverty programs throughout the country, of which 8,166 are former military personnel17. In the same period, it was also possible to assist 92,590 families (454,880 people) in vulnerable situations with basic food baskets, as well as assist 26,175 el￾derly people in the community with food and non-food items18. The Kwenda project is an important and decisive step to protect the most vulnera￾ble populations, since it aims to reach poor families in all the municipalities of Angola, 1.6 million families, 32% of the population. It has the support of the World Bank and it was launched in May 2020 with the purpo￾se of making direct cash transfers to poor families. The program aims to beneft up to 1.6 million poor and vulnerable families in the country and strengthen the social protection system (covering 32% of the population). Each benefciary family receives a lump sum of AOA 25,500 (corresponding to 26% of the poor household consumption) quarterly for one year. In addition to cash transfers, the program supports investments in produc￾tive and human capital for a subset of cash transfer recipients. As of March 31, 2021, the program has reached 24 municipalities in 17 provinces, registered 375,854 households using the Unifed Social Registry, and 6,243 families in six municipalities have received the benefts (approximately 29,000 peo￾ple). Kwenda plans to support nationwide 1,608,000 households in poverty and vul￾nerability with a quarterly income of AOA 25,500 for a period of 12 months. By 2021, the program aims to make at least one payment 13 PROGRESS IN IM P LEMENTING TH E SD G S to 300,000 households and register 400,000 more in 20 municipalities. According to the 2014 Census, people with disabilities represent 2.5% of the Angolan population, i.e. 656,258 people. The Minis￾try of Social Action, Family and Promotion of Women (MASFAMU) has supported 717 people in situations of greater vulnerabi￾lity19 with means of locomotion and tech￾nical assistance. In the context of the pro￾tection and promotion of the rights of the child, 8,512 children in vulnerable situa￾tions were assisted in 2020, hosted in 109 Reception Centers and in foster families20. The European Union’s development coo￾peration in Angola is closely aligned with the SDG 2030. European Union support in Angola has focused on food and nutrition security, sustainable agriculture, educa￾tion and vocational training, trade support, decentralization and social inclusion, ma￾king a contribution to eradicating poverty and reducing inequalities. In particular, the FRESAN (Strengthening Resilience and Food and Nutrition Security in Angola) program strengthens the capacities of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agri￾culture and Fisheries to provide food se￾curity and nutrition services to the popu￾lation, focusing on three provinces in sou￾thern Angola. It seeks to achieve in parti￾cular SDG 1 and other SDGs (2, 13, 5, 12). In the area of decentralization, the European Union project, PASCAL, seeks to accelera￾te progress towards sustainable develop￾ment in the country and aims at promoting inclusive, responsive and effective institu￾tions at local and national levels. The APROSOC project (Support to Social Protection in Angola) strengthens social action interventions to support people in situations of greater social vulnerability in Angola, such as, among others, the el￾derly, people with disabilities, women and children. It is a project that aims to con￾tribute to the achievement of SDGs 1 and 10 by supporting MASFAMU and Provincial Governments to improve programs, poli￾cies and technical capacities and skills in the social protection sector, so that the government can increasingly respond effectively to the needs of the most vulne￾rable people. In 2019, under the APROSOC pilot project, two quarterly payment ses￾sions were held, with each child receiving the equivalent of AOA 3,000. Children from zero to fve years of age beneft from the program, making a total of AOA 9,000, per family. Between the months of August and December 2019, 11,473 children benefted from support through social cash trans￾fers21. In 2020, the project was expanded vertically (supplement from 3,000 Kwan￾zas to 5,000 Kwanzas per child per month) and two payment cycles (each equivalent to six-month transfers) took place in the provinces of Moxico, Bié and Uíge. The payments have benefted until the frst quarter of 2021 more than 22,000 children from nearly 10,000 families, in an effort to mitigate the socio-economic impact of the pandemic22. Additionally, an emergen￾cy cash transfer project was launched in Luanda Province in 2020, funded by the Swedish International Development Coo￾peration Agency (SIDA) and implemented by the Provincial Government of Luanda 14 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT and MASFAMU, reaching 1,400 children (up to fve years old) from 800 families. Angola has adopted the Angola Multidimen￾sional Poverty Index (IPM-A) as the national index to measure multidimensional pover￾ty in the country. This Index includes four dimensions – health, education, quality of life, and employment – with indicators that express the different deprivations faced by people living in poverty. Progress on the IPM-A will be constantly monitored and eva￾luated to guide policy decisions to improve people’s living conditions and promote hu￾man development. The commitment to con￾duct new IIMS and IDREA surveys will make it possible to monitor and update the mone￾tary and multidimensional poverty indica￾tors, ensuring comparability in methodology and allowing progress to be assessed so that the IPM-A becomes a key public policy tool. It is worth noting that the multidimensional poverty indicators cover areas related to di￾fferent SDGs that are interlinked – for exam￾ple SDGs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 10. The pandemic of COVID-19 is a reminder of the relevance of the socioeconomic de￾terminants of health, i.e., the social and economic factors that infuence health and that can be altered by political or indi￾vidual decisions. For example, workers in informal markets are more vulnerable to exposure to COVID-19 and have no social protection. Firm commitment to SDG 1 also implies re￾doubling efforts to ensure signifcant re￾source mobilization from a variety of sour￾ces to implement programs and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions (target 1.a). It should be noted that the Abuja De￾claration of 2001 includes a commitment by African countries to devote 15% of their national budgets to health spending. The Maputo Declaration makes a commitment to allocate at least 10% of the national bu￾dget to agriculture. On the other hand, the Education 2030: Incheon Declaration and Framework for Action for the implementa￾tion of SDG 4 aims to ensure inclusive and equitable lifelong learning education, in￾cluding a budgeted expenditure for educa￾tion of between 15% and 20% of the GBS. In addition, the commitment to access to information on budgeting and execution should be strengthened to ensure budget transparency. As indicated, to address the needs of the most vulnerable groups, Angola must the￾refore focus on following up and monito￾ring the results and impact of ongoing pro￾grams, especially with regard to poverty reduction. Considering the different initia￾tives promoted by the government for the eradication of poverty, it will be necessary to ensure that impact evaluations of so￾cial programs are carried out. It is also ne￾cessary to redouble efforts to expand and improve the collection of information on monetary and multidimensional poverty among the most vulnerable groups, inclu￾ding refugees, asylum seekers and inter￾nally displaced persons.

78 ALBANIA - VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW ON SDGs Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere Giving people in every part of the world the support they need to lift themselves out of poverty in all of its manifestations is the very essence of sustainable development. Goal 1 focuses on ending poverty through inter-related strategies, including the promotion of social protection systems, decent employment and building the resilience of the poor. The first indicator chosen for this goal in Albania refers to the population at risk of poverty or social exclusion. This population is sufering from income poverty. This composite indicator is defined at the EU level and is used to define national poverty reduction targets in the EU 2020 strategy. However, it does not capture all aspects of poverty or social exclusion, nor their severity. Therefore, a second indicator is used that covers deprivation in non￾monetary terms, non-monetary poverty. SDG Target 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions Indicator 1.2.1 Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age Definition: The share of persons with an equalised disposable income below the risk￾of-poverty threshold, which is set at 60% of national median equalised disposable income (after social transfers) Alignment with SDG Target: Totally aligned Objective: Reduce by at least half the proportion of men and women of all ages living in poverty Disaggregation: Sex, age-group, prefecture, region Source: INSTAT: indicator is based on EU statistics on income, social inclusion and living conditions (SILC) from 2016; INSTAT–World Bank: LSMS 2002, 2005, 2008, 2012 Periodicity: Every three years from 2002–2012; annually from 2016 Available time series: INSTAT–World Bank: LSMS 2002, 2005, 2008, 2012; SILC survey from 2016 Chart 1: Percentage of poor population in Albania, by year Tier I ALBANIA - VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW ON SDGs 79 SDG Target 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance Indicator 1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services (water, sanitation); condition of dwelling, overcrowding, level of education of household head Chart 2: Non-monetary poverty: proportion of population with unmet basic needs (%), by year Definition: Percentage of people suffering from absence of access to basic services— water, sanitation— poor dwelling conditions, overcrowding, level of education of household head SDG Target: Not yet established by UN Objective: To contribute to Target 1.4 this indicator should decrease Disaggregation: Sex, age-group, prefecture, region Source: INSTAT–World Bank: LSMS 2002, 2005, 2008, 2012. The indicators will be measured against EU–SILC and material deprivation, from 2016 Periodicity: Every three years from 2002–2012; annually from 2016 Available time series: INSTAT–World Bank: LSMS 2002, 2005, 2008, 2012; SILC survey from 2016 Tier III

40 Revenir à la table des matières 41 Revenir à la table des matières ODD 1: Fin de la pauvreté L’approbation de la Loi 28/2017 du Plan statistique 2018-2021 a signifé une avancée substantielle dans la production et la collecte de données statistiques relatives au risque de pauvreté et d’exclusion sociale. Plus concrètement, le Plan statistique pour la période 2018-2021 prévoyait la réalisation annuelle d’une Enquête sur les conditions de vie (ECV), ce qui a permis ces dernières années de suivre de manière adéquate les données sur la pauvreté dans le pays. Cette activité statistique, ainsi que l’étude sur le coût de la vie en Andorre réalisée en 2018, fournissent des informations très précieuses sur la situation de la pauvreté dans le pays, ainsi que le calcul d’un revenu suffsant pour maintenir un niveau approprié d’intégration sociale. Les données permettent en outre d’identifer le rôle de l’aide sociale dans la réduction du risque de pauvreté. Sans aucun doute, les prestations sociales prévues dans le système de protection sociale d’Andorre se sont révélées essentielles pour faire face aux conséquences immédiates de la pandémie de la Covid-19 et éviter qu’une partie de la population ne soit en risque d’exclusion sociale. Lutte contre la pauvreté (1.2) La Constitution d’Andorre défnit, dans son article 1, le pays comme « un État indépendant, de droit, démocratique et social ». En outre, « la Constitution proclame comme principes inspirateurs de l’action de l’État andorran le respect et la promotion de la liberté, l’égalité, la justice, la tolérance, la défense des droits de l’homme et la dignité de la personne ». L’évolution normative du pays au fl des années a permis de le doter d’un système de protection sociale adéquat, qui garantit le soutien de l’État dans la promotion et la défense de la dignité de la personne. En ce sens, l’approbation de la Loi 06/2014 sur les services sociaux et socio-sanitaires a signifé une avancée notable dans l’organisation et la structuration du système de protection sociale du pays, à travers la régulation et l’organisation des différentes prestations qui composent le système de protection sociale du pays. La défnition nationale du seuil de risque de pauvreté suit les critères établis par Eurostat, c’est-à-dire la population dont le revenu est inférieur à 60 % du revenu médian par unité de consommation. 42 Revenir à la table des matières Des seuils de 40 % de la médiane pour l’incidence de la pauvreté extrême et de 50 % de la médiane pour la pauvreté relative sont également fxés. º En 2020, 13 % de la population andorrane était menacée de pauvreté, avec une réduction de 0,4 % par rapport à l’année précédente. Cependant, il convient de noter une certaine augmentation du pourcentage de la population andorrane en situation de risque de pauvreté extrême, soit près de 4,6 %. Population sous le seuil (%) 2020 2019 Différences Population à risque de pauvreté (moins de 60 % de la médiane) 13.0 13.4 -0,4 Population en situation de pauvreté relative (inférieure à 50 % de la médiane) 7.2 7.3 -0,1 Population en situation de grande pauvreté (inférieure à 40 % de la médiane) 4.6 3.7 0,9 Source: Département des statistiques – Gouvernement d’Andorre Tableau : Taux de risque de pauvreté (2019-2020) 2020 2019 Différence Moins de 16 ans Après prestations 16.1 19.2 -3.1 Avant prestations sociales (hors pensions) 17.7 19.0 -1,3 Avant prestations sociales et pensions 15.3 18.5 -3,2 Entre 16 et 64 ans Après prestations 10.1 11.1 -1,0 Avant prestations sociales (hors pensions) 12.6 12.6 0.0 Avant prestations sociales et pensions 13.4 13.2 0.2 65 ans ou plus Après prestations 24,8 19.2 5,6 Avant prestations sociales (hors pensions) 26,9 22,9 4,0 Avant prestations sociales et pensions 66,7 59,4 7,3 Total Après prestations 13.0 13,4 -0,4 Avant prestations sociales (hors pensions) 15.3 14,9 0,4 Avant prestations sociales et pensions 20.8 20,2 0,6 Source: Département des statistiques – Gouvernement d’Andorre Tableau: Population à risque de pauvreté avant les prestations sociales (hors et y compris les retraites) par tranches d’âge (2019-2020) 43 Revenir à la table des matières Bien que les données totales soient restées stables sur la période 2019-2020, il convient de noter la réduction (-3,2 %) du risque de pauvreté dans la population des moins de 16 ans, mais une augmentation signifcative (+7,3 %) de la pauvreté du secteur de la population de 65 ans ou plus. Ces données permettent également d’évaluer l’impact de l’aide sociale sur la réduction du risque de pauvreté dans le pays. En 2020, 66,7 % de la population âgée de plus de 65 ans était dans une situation de risque de pauvreté, un pourcentage qui tombe à 24,8 % après les prestations sociales. Il ne fait aucun doute que l’aide sociale destinée aux personnes âgées contribue de manière signifcative à réduire le risque de pauvreté. Concrètement, le pays dispose d’une pension de solidarité en faveur des personnes âgées. Il s’agit d’une prestation économique non contributive destinée aux personnes se trouvant en dessous du Seuil Économique de Cohésion Sociale (LECS), qui permet d’assimiler les revenus du demandeur au Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel (SMI). Comme le montrent ces données, le groupe de population des personnes âgées de plus de 65 ans est le groupe le plus vulnérable et le plus exposé au risque de pauvreté. Ce risque est associé, en partie, au retrait de la vie active du groupe et à la réduction conséquente des revenus. Année Bénéfciaires Montant total 2015 698 3 073 928,40 € 2016 754 3 636 609,25 € 2017 798 3 497 496,38 € 2018 861 4 346 762,13 € 2019 973 4 870,99,70 € 2020 1 023 5 462 280,43 € 2021 1 075 5 635 917,27 € Source: Ministre des Affaires sociales, de la Jeunesse et de l’Égalité Tableau: Évolution du nombre de personnes bénéfciant de la pension de solidarité pour personnes âgées et montant total (2015-2021) 44 Revenir à la table des matières L’Andorre dispose d’un système public de prestations économiques de retraite. Il s’agit d’une rente viagère ou d’un capital qui est déterminé en fonction du nombre de mensualités cotisées tout au long de la vie active de la personne. Les conditions d’admission sont d’être âgé d’au moins 65 ans et d’avoir cotisé à la branche retraite pendant au moins 15 ans. Fin 2021, le nombre total de personnes bénéfciant d’une pension de la branche retraite de la CASS était de 12 517 personnes, dont 7 489 résidaient dans le pays et 5 028 à l’étranger. Le montant mensuel moyen de l’allocation en 2021 était de 653 euros. Un autre facteur de pauvreté est la situation professionnelle de la personne. En 2020, les chômeurs et les retraités étaient les groupes de population les plus exposés au risque de pauvreté, 22 % et 23,2 % respectivement. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Retraite moyenne (€) 564,43 € 578,49 € 598,29 € 614,99 € 638,63 € 652,94 € 672,59 € Retraités résidant en Andorre 5 563 5 836 6 201 6 602 7 042 7 489 7 549 Total des retraités 9 028 9 570 10 344 11 085 11 720 12 517 12 669 Source: Caisse Andorrane de Sécurité Sociale (CASS) Tableau: Évolution de la retraite moyenne et du nombre total de retraités résidant en Andorre (2016-2022) Population à risque de pauvreté (%) 2020 2019 Différences Population de plus de 16 ans 12.4 12.3 0,1 Avec un emploi 8.5 8.7 -0,2 Sans emploi 22,0 21.7 0,3 À la retraite 23.2 21.9 1.3 Source: Département des statistiques – Gouvernement d’Andorre Tableau: Pourcentage de la population en situation de risque de pauvreté selon la situation d’emploi 2019-2020 45 Revenir à la table des matières ll ne fait aucun doute que le niveau de revenu a un impact direct sur le risque de pauvreté, tout comme la composition du ménage. Selon les données, les personnes présentant un taux de risque de pauvreté plus élevé sont les ménages composés d’un adulte avec enfants à charge (28,5 %), suivis des ménages composés d’une seule personne (18,3 %). Au sein du système andorran de protection sociale, il existe l’allocation familiale pour enfant à charge, qui vise à aider les familles dont les revenus sont inférieurs à la LECS familiale pour les charges inhérentes aux dépenses habituelles et à l’éducation des enfants. Population en situation de risque de pauvreté selon le type de ménage 2019-2020 (%) Source:  Département des statistiques – Gouvernement d’Andorre 46 Revenir à la table des matières Un autre facteur qui a eu une incidence directe sur le bien-être social de la population au cours des dernières années est l’accès à des logements abordables. La hausse des prix de l’immobilier et la baisse de l’offre de logements locatifs pèsent sur le budget des ménages, avec pour conséquence une augmentation du risque de pauvreté. Ainsi, en 2020, 13,5 % des personnes vivant en logement locatif sont en surcharge de coûts du logement, c’est-à-dire que les coûts du logement représentent plus de 40 % de leurs revenus. Année Bénéfciaires Montant total 2016 569 979 632,44 € 2017 613 1 085 039,34 € 2018 643 1 145 203,04 € 2019 803 1 301 542,88 € 2020 718 1 336 479,60 € 2021 718 1 367 370,40 € Source: Ministre des Affaires sociales, de la Jeunesse et de l’Égalité Tableau: Évolution du nombre de personnes bénéfciant de l’allocation économique familiale par enfant à charge et montant total (2016-2021) 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Prix moyen au m2 de logement locatif 7,3 € 8,4 € 9,2 € 9,5 € 9,5 € 9,9 € Source: Département des statistiques – Gouvernement d’Andorre Tableau: Évolution du prix moyen au m2 des logements locatifs de moins d’un an (2016-2021) 47 Revenir à la table des matières Afn de faire face aux problèmes d’accès au logement locatif à des prix abordables, le va créé une aide fnancière annuelle au logement locatif. En 2020, le montant de cette aide fnancière a augmenté de 48,58 % par rapport à 2019, avec un montant total de 2 987 718,95 €. Incidence de la pandémie Le ralentissement économique résultant des mesures prises pour contenir le virus de la Covid-19 a été une source de détresse pour de nombreuses familles et individus qui ont vu leur niveau de revenu diminuer. Le Gouvernement d’Andorre a agi avec détermination et en faveur des plus vulnérables selon les principes de solidarité et de coresponsabilité. En ce sens, ces dernières années, les critères d’accès aux aides économiques sociales ont été allégés, ce qui s’est traduit par une augmentation du nombre de personnes qui ont pu en bénéfcier. De même, la Loi 03/2019 sur les mesures urgentes en matière de logement a été adoptée et a introduit des mesures pour freiner l’augmentation du coût du logement, à travers la mise en place de prolongations de baux de location, entre autres mesures. Population avec surcharge de coûts du logement (2019-2020) Source: Département des statistiques – Gouvernement d’Andorre 48 Revenir à la table des matières Plus récemment, le Gouvernement a adopté un ensemble d’actions pour améliorer le pouvoir d’achat de la population andorrane, notamment l’augmentation du salaire minimum interprofessionnel à 1 200 € en mai 2022, dans le but qu’en 2023 la recommandation de fxer le salaire minimum interprofessionnel à 60 % du salaire moyen soit atteinte. Année Bénéfciaires Montant total 2016 679 2 470 563,90 € 2017 779 2 757 259,67 € 2018 882 3 318 088,53 € 2019 1 179 2 332 080,66 € 2020 1 566 4 530 670,00 € 2021 1 990 4 277 760,03 € Source: Ministre des Affaires sociales, de la Jeunesse et de l’Égalité Tableau: Évolution des aides ponctuelles, bénéfciaires et montant (2016-2021) Bonne pratique La Mairie d’Escaldes-Engordany et le Comité national andorran pour l’UNICEF signent un accord afn de convertir Escaldes-Engordany Commune amie des enfants. Cette dénomination comprend le maintien et l’extension des avantages sociaux en faveur des enfants, tels que les exonérations des crèches et des activités de loisirs, ainsi que la détection et l’orientation des enfants potentiellement à risque ou vulnérables. 49 Revenir à la table des matières Il convient de souligner que la société civile andorrane a pleinement participé au soutien en faveur des plus vulnérables. Ainsi, en 2021, Caritas Andorre est venu en aide à un total de 2 250 personnes, contre une moyenne de 850 personnes les années précédentes. Cette aide a été permise par l’élan de solidarité de la population en faveur des personnes vulnérables. Ces chiffres démontrent une fois de plus le fort impact social provoqué par la pandémie. Il est également important de souligner les mobilisations sociales de ces dernières années dans le pays en faveur d’augmentations salariales, de retraites décentes et de logements abordables, qui permettent de faire face à la hausse du coût de la vie en Andorre. Auteur: Adrià Solé Simon, Diari ARA 50 Revenir à la table des matières Il convient de souligner que la société civile andorrane a pleinement participé au soutien en faveur des plus vulnérables. Ainsi, en 2021, Caritas Andorre est venu en aide à un total de 2 250 personnes, contre une moyenne de 850 personnes les années précédentes. Cette aide a été permise par l’élan de solidarité de la population en faveur des personnes vulnérables. Ces chiffres démontrent une fois de plus le fort impact social provoqué par la pandémie. Il est également important de souligner les mobilisations sociales de ces dernières années dans le pays en faveur d’augmentations salariales, de retraites décentes et de logements abordables, qui permettent de faire face à la hausse du coût de la vie en Andorre. Défs, prochaines actions L’ensemble des aides sociales qui composent le système de protection sociale du pays et les mesures prises pour en assouplir l’accès ont permis d’amortir les conséquences directes de la pandémie, évitant qu’une partie importante de la population ne tombe dans la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale. Cependant, l’augmentation progressive du coût de la vie, actuellement exacerbée par les répercussions du confit en Ukraine, pose un déf supplémentaire au pays. De même, la réforme du système des retraites, qui garantit des retraites décentes et pérennes dans le temps, représente un enjeu prioritaire pour les pouvoirs publics. Ainsi, dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre du Plan Horizon 2023, les travaux se poursuivront pour promouvoir un pacte d’État pour la pérennité du système de retraite qui permettra la mise en œuvre de mesures urgentes pour garantir la pérennité du système. Progrès Collecte et production d’indicateurs sociaux liés à la pauvreté et à l’exclusion sociale Réduction du risque de pauvreté par l’extension de l’aide sociale Défs - Réforme du système public de retraite

NO 01 POVERTY COORDINATING AGENCY: MINISTRY OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Domestically, through the provision of wide ranging social welfare programs, the UAE government proactively tackles the underlying causes that often lead to poverty. The UAE’s Ministry of Community Development and the national charity organizations such as the Emirates Red Crescent offer a wide range of social assistance programs to those who are unable to attain sufficient income levels for themselves and their families. UAE’s SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SYSTEM The UAE ranks high in world indices that monitor and evaluate human development, global competitiveness, ICT services, people’s trust in government, financial stability, government efficiency and access to a skilled labor force. UAE’s high rankings reflect sustained economic progress, growth and prosperity in recent decades and an accompanying rise in living standards. Furthermore, the UAE government has adopted a number of policies and announced many large-scale initiatives to pursue a sustainable development trajectory. DEVELOPMENT MINISTRY OF COMMUNITY END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE 48 49 50 51 The UAE is a country with high per-capital income and a comprehensive welfare state that ensures domestic poverty does not become a pressing issue for the government. Since the launch of its first federal government strategy in 2008,1 the UAE has taken a comprehensive approach to ensuring the welfare of its citizens, driven by balanced social and welfare policies that provide targeted support to those who need it. Given the absence of poverty in the UAE, the government has developed policies and programs specifically for the care of vulnerable groups. These policies are guided by the provision of social assistance under the Social Security Law No. 2 of 2001, which identifies twenty-one categories of vulnerable population groups including the elderly, orphans, widows, the unemployed, ‘people of determination’ (special needs), families of the imprisoned and those in ill health. Categories of beneficiaries are reviewed regularly and the law gives special consideration to women. Under the Social Security Law, the government also provides financial and in-kind relief at the time of natural disasters and catastrophes, such as fires and floods in order to alleviate the burden on families affected. EXAMPLES OF ADDITIONAL SOCIAL BENEFITS Exemption from electricity and water consumption Families covered by the Social Security Law benefit from special assistance and privileges provided by federal and local governments, as well as public and private companies, including exemptions from the cost of water and electricity consumption provided by the Federal Electricity and Water Authority and electricity and water authorities in Emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah. Additional assistance from local governments On a case-by-case basis, local governments provide additional monetary assistance as and when needed. Some emirates have set thresholds of minimum monthly incomes for their citizens and local governments pay the difference between private income and the prescribed minimum. In other instances, local governments provide financial assistance towards rental costs, if an individual or family does not own their home and subsidized public transport. Social security benefits for the elderly include the free allocation of shares of some joint stock companies to provide them with a stable and permanent income - approximately 25% of those covered by the Social Security Law have benefited from this scheme. The government also provides beneficiaries with special housing privileges through the Sheikh Zayed Housing Programme or the Mohammed bin Rashid Housing Establishment and other local housing programs in all emirates, by granting the beneficiary housing or by providing them with a plot of land intended for construction, a financial grant and a soft loan to build their own homes. Associations of public interest and voluntary work The government works to stimulate and support the participation of the public and private sectors, civil society organizations and individuals to contribute to the social development by supporting volunteerism and encouraging the establishment of civil society associations and institutions of public interest. The number of such associations increased from 115 in 2004 to 175 at the end of 2017. They comprise organizations such as the Red Crescent Authority and registered associations of local governments (Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahayan Charitable and Humanitarian Foundation, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Foundation, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Humanitarian and Charity Establishment, Al Maktoum Charity Foundation and other associations). These associations and institutions play a broad developmental role in addition to their active contribution in the field of social and humanitarian care by providing in-kind and monetary assistance to families. The activities of the humanitarian associations extend beyond the UAE. In order to strengthen the status of volunteering, a law is being adopted which aims to enhance the social status of voluntary work as a humanitarian act. Finally, the government considers the role of strong families central to a stable and cohesive society and therefore provides support for young Emirati families in the form of one-off, income-tested grants prioritized based on need. UAE’s INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS Despite a significant decrease in the number of people living in poverty, by some estimates close to a billion people worldwide still experience extreme poverty. The UAE has been an active contributor to many international humanitarian initiatives to poor and developing countries, especially in providing relief to victims of natural disasters and conflicts. According to the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the UAE is ranked as one of the ten largest donor states for Official Development Aid (ODA) in 2015.2 In addition, a number of government-financed charitable organizations provide aid and humanitarian assistance across the world. The Abu Dhabi Fund for Development (ADFD) was established in 1971 to help developing countries achieve sustainable economic growth and reduce poverty by providing financial resources, forging partnerships in the public and private sectors, and adopting international best practices to ensure aid effectiveness. The Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Foundation was established in July 2007 and its outreach is focused on health and education on domestic, regional and global scales. The educational strategy of the Foundation includes supporting vocational educational projects in countries of the region, health needs related to malnutrition, child protection and care and the provision of safe water on a global level. Poor and needy communities are also supported by the provision of infrastructure such as schools, healthcare and other forms of social infrastructure. In order to implement these strategies, the Foundation has entered into partnerships with global organizations affiliated with the United Nations and public welfare organizations. The various assistance given by the Foundation around the world has reached more than 87 countries since its inception. Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Global Initiatives (MBRGI) is a foundation that was inaugurated in October 2015.3 It aims to improve the world through humanitarian, developmental and community work. In the field of combating poverty, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Global Initiatives (MBRGI) and its affiliated bodies have given financial and practical support to more than 1.5 million disadvantaged households in 40 countries. The Mohammed bin Rashid Charity and Humanitarian Establishment is also active in helping the poor, the sick, widows, children, the needy and distressed in the UAE and elsewhere around the world. 1 UAE Strategy 2008-2010, https://uaecabinet.ae/en/uae-strategy-2008-2010 2 UAE Aid to Foreign Countries, https://government.ae/en/information-and-services/charity-and-humanitarian-work/the-uae-aid-to-foreign-countries 3 Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Global Initiatives, http://www.almaktouminitiatives.org/en/about

Poner fn a la pobreza en todas sus formas en todo el mundo Hasta el mes de diciembre de 2019, las metas adoptadas por la Argentina para este ODS tuvieron como organismo responsable al Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social. Las mismas eran: Metas → Meta 1.2. Para 2030, reducir al menos a la mitad la proporción de hombres, mujeres y niños de todas las edades que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las defniciones nacionales. → Meta 1.3. Poner en práctica a nivel nacional sistemas y medidas apropiadas de protección social para todos, incluidos niveles mínimos, y, para 2030, lograr una amplia cobertura de los pobres y los vulnerables. 99 100 ODS 1 Fin de la Pobreza Seguimiento de los progresos Situación inicial y análisis de la evolución: metas e indicadores → Meta 1.2. Para 2030, reducir al menos a la mitad la proporción de hombres, mujeres y niños de todas las edades que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las defniciones nacionales. Indicador 1.2.1. Porcentaje de la población que vive por debajo del umbral nacional de indigencia. Indicador 1.2.2. Porcentaje de la población que vive por debajo del umbral nacional de la pobreza. En 2017, para ambos indicadores se observó una disminución respecto a los valores de 2016 tomados como línea de base. En el caso de la indigencia de 1,3 p.p., ya que pasó de representar al 6,1% de la población a representar al 4,8%. Y, en el caso de la pobreza, de 4,6 p.p., puesto que pasó de representar al 30,3% de la población en 2016, al 25,7% en 2017. Esto comienza a revertirse en el año 2018 en el que se observa un aumento signifcativo de la población por debajo de las líneas de pobreza e indigencia agravada por el corto lapso de tiempo en que se produjo. Los datos de 2018 muestran que la proporción de la población por debajo de la línea de pobreza creció en 6,3 p.p., pasando a representar el 32% de la población, y la indigencia tuvo un incremento de 1,9 p.p., pasando a representar al 6,7% de la población. Esos valores ubicaban a ambos indicadores por encima de los valores de la línea de base de 2016, lo cual refeja un rápido proceso de deterioro en las condiciones de vida de la población. Por otra parte, el aumento sostenido de precios en el periodo también explica el incremento en los niveles de pobreza e indigencia ya que erosiona el ingreso de los hogares. 101 Fin de la Pobreza ODS 1 Si se compara el ingreso promedio de los hogares en situación de pobreza e indigencia, respecto al valor total tanto de la canasta básica alimentaria, como de la canasta básica total, puede observarse una continua ampliación monetaria tanto de la brecha de indigencia, como de pobreza. Es decir los hogares necesitan cada vez mayores ingresos para superar las respectivas líneas de indigencia y pobreza, según se expone en los siguientes gráfcos. La canasta básica alimentaria promedio de los hogares en situación de indigencia en 2018 alcanzó los $ 9.920, mientras que el ingreso total promedio del hogar fue de $6.116. Por lo tanto, un hogar en situación de indigencia necesitó en promedio $ 3.804 para salir de la indigencia. La canasta básica total de un hogar pobre promedio en 2018 alcanzó los $ 24.327, mientras que el ingreso total promedio del hogar fue de $14.872. Por lo tanto, los hogares con esos ingresos hubieran necesitado en promedio $ 9.485 para salir de la situación de pobreza. Gráfco 1.2. Brecha de la indigencia. Evolución en pesos corrientes. Total aglomerados urbanos 102 ODS 1 Fin de la Pobreza También se produce un retroceso en la distribución del ingreso de la población, medido por el coefciente de Gini. Si bien hay una leve mejora de la distribución en 2017, se produce un salto importante entre este último año y 2018. En el sentido visibilizar las poblaciones vulnerables consideradas en la Agenda 2030, si se realiza una desagregación por grupo de edad, se observa que casi la mitad de los niños, niñas y adolescentes -46,8%- y el 38,6% de los jóvenes entre 15 y 29 años se encontraban –en 2018- bajo la línea de pobreza. 103 Fin de la Pobreza ODS 1 → Meta 1.3.Poner en práctica a nivel nacional sistemas y medidas apropiadas de protección social para todos, incluidos niveles mínimos, y, para 2030, lograr una amplia cobertura de los pobres y los vulnerables. Indicador 1.3.1.* Porcentaje de los niños y niñas y adolescentes hasta 18 años cubiertos por sistemas de protección social de carácter nacional. Indicador 1.3.2.* Porcentaje de adultos mayores cubiertos por sistemas de protección social de carácter nacional. En nuestro país la población cubierta por sistemas de protección social de carácter nacional incluyó entre 2016 y 2019: → Cobertura de niñas, niños y adolescentes a través de la trasferencia de ingresos del Estado a las familias, a través de tres subsistemas: 1) subsistema contributivo (Asignaciones Familiares), 2) subsistema no contributivo (principalmente Asignación Universal por Hijo￾AUH), y 3) deducción del impuesto a las ganancias. → Cobertura de adultos mayores compuesta por tres subsistemas: 1) pensiones y jubilaciones contributivas, 2) Pensiones no contributivas por vejez, para personas mayores de 70 años, y 3) Pensión Universal para el Adulto Mayor (PUAM) dirigida a personas mayores de 65 que por sus años de aporte no pueden acceder al régimen contributivo. En el caso de los niños y niñas la cobertura en 2018 fue del 72,5% (8.443.563 destinatarios). Se observa una disminución de 1 p.p. en la cobertura entre 2017 y 2018, y una distancia respecto de la meta 2030 de 16 p.p. En el caso de los adultos mayores se observa que, ya en 2018, se estaba muy cerca de cumplir con la meta, ya que entre esta última y el dato de cobertura de 98,1% (7.025.580 destinatarios) había una distancia de tan sólo 0,7 p.p. Intervenciones orientadas a las metas → Meta 1.2. Para 2030, reducir al menos a la mitad la proporción de hombres, mujeres y niños de todas las edades que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las defniciones nacionales. → Meta 1.3. Poner en práctica a nivel nacional sistemas y medidas apropiadas de protección social para todos, incluidos niveles mínimos, y, para 2030, lograr una amplia cobertura de los pobres y los vulnerables. 104 ODS 1 Fin de la Pobreza Para estas metas se identifcaron las siguientes intervenciones: → Plan Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria (iniciado en 2003). → Programa de Protección Social (2016). → Programa de transferencias condicionada Hacemos Futuro y Salario Social Complementario (2009, reafrmado en 2018). → Plan Nacional de Primera Infancia (2016). El Plan Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria tuvo por objetivo posibilitar el acceso de la población en situación de vulnerabilidad social a una alimentación complementaria, sufciente y acorde a las particularidades y costumbres de cada región del país. Para cumplir con este objetivo puso en práctica las siguientes líneas de acción para las cuales en 2018 se destinó un total de $ 3.500 millones de pesos (Siempro, 201966). → Transferencia de fondos a partir de Tarjetas Alimentarias. Los últimos datos, referidos al año 2018 consignan una cobertura de 1.038.428 destinatarios de la Tarjeta Alimentaria Federal, y 205.612 destinatarios de la Tarjeta Alimentaria Centralizada. → Refuerzo a los Servicios Alimentarios Escolares: a partir de convenios con gobiernos provinciales se transfrieron recursos para asistir a 18.469 comedores escolares . → Abordaje comunitario: se realizó asistencia fnanciera a 1.222 comedores comunitarios de todo el país. Los programas Hacemos Futuro y Salario Social Complementario se orientaron a empoderar a las personas o poblaciones en riesgo o vulnerabilidad social, promoviendo la autonomía económica a través de la promoción de la terminalidad educativa obligatoria y la formación integral a través de cursos y prácticas que potencien la inserción laboral y la integración social, a partir de las siguientes líneas de acción: → Subsidio mensual a 517.043 destinatarios, para que completen su trayectoria educativa formal, participen de formación laboral y realicen acciones sociocomunitarias. → Inscripción al Monotributo Social, régimen tributario especial, para los trabajadores de la economía popular de manera que puedan formalizar su inserción al mercado de trabajo y acceder a la seguridad social. En 2018 había 278,345 inscriptos bajo sus diferentes modalidades. El programa de Protección Social tuvo por objetivo atender la situación de hogares con mayor grado de exclusión y vulnerabilidad social, mediante el empoderamiento del titular de derecho, su núcleo familiar y la comunidad donde vive. Para lograrlo, realizó acciones acompañamiento y contención de las familias en situaciones de vulnerabilidad social, promovió proyectos de desarrollo comunitario y transfrió recursos para la seguridad alimentaria de las familias bajo programa. Durante el primer trimestre del 2019 brindó cobertura a 17.950 familias, con una inversión de 121 millones de pesos. (Siempro, 2019). El Plan Nacional de Primera Infancia tuvo por objetivo garantizar el desarrollo integral de niñas y niños en situación de vulnerabilidad social, desde su nacimiento hasta los cuatro años inclusive en pos de favorecer la promoción y protección de sus derechos. Para estas acciones, de acuerdo a Siempro (2019) se invirtieron $ 552,4 millones en 2018 mediante el siguiente abordaje: → Subsidios para la apertura y/o fortalecimiento de 1.781 Espacios de Primera Infancia para el cuidado integral de 117.736 niños y niñas desde los 45 días hasta los 4 años, con el fn de garantizar una adecuada y saludable nutrición, su estimulación temprana y promoción de la salud. → Realización de visitas domiciliarias a 28.191 las familias y actividades de capacitación a 1. 562 facilitadores comunitarios que trabajaban fortaleciendo las capacidades de la crianza de 42.287 niños y niñas. → Seguimiento nutricional de los niños y niñas vinculados a los proyectos desarrollados en 80 centros de prevención y recuperación de la desnutrición infantil. Por último, en el año 2016, y mediante el Decreto del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional 593/2016, se modifcó el régimen de compatibilidades ampliando la cobertura de la Asignación Universal por Hijo a grupos de población que habían quedado excluidos de este derecho, como los trabajadores 66 Siempro-CNCPS. Tablero de Planes, Programas Sociales y Prestaciones de la Seguridad Social - Abril 2019, https://www.argentina.gob.ar/politicassocia￾les/informacion-sobre-planes-y-programas-sociales/guias-de-programas-sociales 105 Fin de la Pobreza ODS 1 inscriptos en el régimen impositivo del monotributo y los trabajadores temporarios rurales. De esta forma los destinatarios cubiertos por la misma, crecieron en un 6,5% en el año 2016 respecto al año anterior, pasando de 3.810.396 a 4.056.257 de destinatarios (Siempro, 2019)67. Recursos presupuestarios movilizados para el ODS 168 El análisis del gasto en el ODS 1 – Fin de la Pobreza muestra un incremento del 44,8% en el año 2019 con respecto a 2018 (esto es, $ 685.767 millones adicionales). Asimismo, en 2019 la participación en el Gasto Primario Total ascendió a 58,6%, incrementándose en 3,1 puntos porcentuales (p.p.) respecto al 55,5% alcanzado el año anterior. Por su parte, la participación sobre el Producto Bruto Interno del gasto vinculado a este Objetivo bajó en 2019 a un 10,2%, versus el 10,5% alcanzado en 2018 y 11,1% en 2017. Entre 2016 y 2018 se observó que el gasto primario vinculado al ODS 1 estuvo destinado, principalmente, al cumplimiento de la Meta 1.3. Poner en práctica sistemas y medidas apropiadas de protección social, con una participación sobre el gasto vinculado a este objetivo entorno al 85% para todo este período. Esta meta reúne sustancialmente las políticas relativas a las prestaciones previsionales del Régimen de Reparto y las prestaciones por Moratoria Previsional de la Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social.

74 OBJETIVO 1 | Poner fn a la pobreza en todas sus formas en todo el mundo Metas priorizadas ■ Meta 1.2. Para 2030, reducir al menos a la mitad la proporción de hombres, mujeres y niños de todas las edades que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las defniciones nacionales. Organismo responsable de la meta: Ministerio de Desarrollo Social. ■ Meta 1.3. Poner en práctica a nivel nacional sistemas y medidas apropiadas de protección social para todos, incluidos niveles mínimos, y, para 2030, lograr una amplia cobertura de los pobres y los vulnerables. Organismo responsable de la meta: Ministerio de Trabajo, Empleo y Seguridad Social ■ Meta 1.4. De aquí a 2030, garantizar que todos los hombres y mujeres, en particular los pobres y los vulnerables, tengan los mismos derechos a los recursos económicos y acceso a los servicios básicos, la propiedad y el control de la tierra y otros bienes, la herencia, los recursos naturales, las nuevas tecnologías apropiadas y los servicios fnancieros, incluida la microfnanciación. Nueva. Organismo responsable de la meta: Ministerio de Desarrollo Social. ■ Meta 1.5. De De aquí a 2030, fomentar la resiliencia de los pobres y las personas que se encuentran en situaciones de vulnerabilidad y reducir su exposición y vulnerabilidad a los fenómenos extremos relacionados con el clima y otras perturbaciones y desastres económicos, sociales y ambientales. Nueva. Pendiente de confrmación ofcial. Organismo responsable de la meta: Ministerio de Desarrollo Territorial y Hábitat. 75 76 ODS 1 Fin de la Pobreza Evolución de los indicadores ■ Meta 1.2. Para 2030, reducir al menos a la mitad la proporción de hombres, mujeres y niños de todas las edades que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las defniciones nacionales. Indicador 1.2.1. Porcentaje de la población que vive por debajo del umbral nacional de indigencia. Indicador 1.2.1.* Porcentaje de la población que vive por debajo del umbral nacional de la pobreza. El impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 se evidencia en la evolución de estos indicadores. Hacia el segundo trimestre de 2020, cuando los contagios iban en aumento, se intensifcaron las medidas del Aislamiento Social Preventivo y Obligatorio (ASPO). Las fuertes restricciones a la circulación, que se implementaron para cuidar la salud de la población, impactaron fuertemente tanto en el porcentaje de población bajo la línea de indigencia, que subió hasta el 10,5%, como en el porcentaje de población bajo la línea de pobreza que trepó al 40,9. En el último semestre del año, y a pesar de la evolución favorable del mercado de trabajo- que se observa en la Tabla 1.2., la indigencia se mantuvo en los mismos niveles (10,5%) y la pobreza aumentó al 42,0%. SEGUIMIENTO DE LOS PROGRESOS Tabla 1.1. ODS 1. Indicadores de seguimiento, líneas de base y metas intermedias y fnales Indicador Línea de base Año Meta 2030 Año Valor 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1.2.1. Porcentaje de la población que vive por debajo del umbral nacional de la pobreza. 2016 30,3 30,3 25,7 32,0 35,5 42,0 37,3 Reducir, entre 2016 y 2030, a la mitad el porcentaje de personas viviendo debajo de la línea de pobreza. 1.2.1.* Porcentaje de la población que vive por debajo del umbral nacional de indigencia. 2016 6,1 6,1 4,8 6,7 8,0 10,5 8,2 1.3.1.* Porcentaje de los niños y niñas y adolescentes hasta 18 años cubiertos por sistemas de protección social de carácter nacional. 2016 72,1 72,1 73,5 72,5 72,5 --- --- 88,5 1.3.1.2 * Porcentaje de adultos mayores cubiertos por sistemas de protección social de carácter nacional. 2016 97,1 97,1 98,8 98,1 96,7 --- --- 98,8 La actividad y el empleo continuaron expandiéndose a lo largo de 2021 llegando, en el cuarto trimestre del año, al 43,6% de la ocupación ocupada, y superando los niveles prepandemia. También la desocupación mostró una evolución muy favorable llegando a ubicarse en el 7%, que es el nivel más bajo observado luego del año 2015. En este contexto de reactivación de la economía y del mercado de trabajo, en el segundo semestre de 2021, la pobreza tuvo la mayor caída desde el inicio de la pandemia, y la indigencia bajó sensiblemente alcanzando niveles similares a los del segundo semestre de 2019. Además, el porcentaje de la población bajo la línea de pobreza descendió 3,3 p.p. con respecto al semestre anterior y 4,7 p.p con respecto a igual semestre de 2020. También se achicó la brecha entre el promedio de los ingresos de los hogares indigentes y el valor de la línea de indigencia (LI), dado que sus ingresos se encontraban un 37,7% por debajo de la LI en el segundo semestre de 2020 y un 35,2% en el segundo semestre de 2021. Lo mismo ocurrió en los hogares pobres entre los cuales la distancia a la línea de pobreza (LP) se redujo del 40,0% al 36,9%. El análisis de las bases de datos trimestrales de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH) que publica el INDEC permite analizar la incidencia de la indigencia y de la pobreza según características de la población y de los hogares. De este análisis surge que, hasta el tercer trimestre de 2021, el incremento de la pobreza fue mayor entre los varones que entre las mujeres, ya que en el primer trimestre de 2021, y con respecto al mismo trimestre de 2020, la pobreza había aumentado un 14,7% entre los primeros y un 12,7% entre las segundas. Además, comparando los segundos trimestres de cada año, en 2021 la incidencia de la pobreza era del 41,5% en ambos sexos, mientras que en 2020 había sido de 47,6% en el caso de las mujeres y de 46,3% en el caso de los varones. Sin embargo, entre las jefas y jefes de hogar, la situación de las mujeres fue desventajosa con respecto a la de sus pares varones, quienes, además, explican la caída de la pobreza interanual. Esto se debe en gran medida, a que las jefas mujeres tuvieron un mayor incremento de la participación del empleo informal, mayoritariamente de menor remuneración, que los jefes varones. En efecto, entre las asalariadas jefas de hogar el porcentaje del empleo informal pasó del 28,7% al 36,5% del empleo total, mientras que entre los jefes varones este porcentaje se redujo del 20,4% al 19,8%, entre el tercer trimestre de 2020 y el mismo trimestre de 2021. 77 Fin de la Pobreza ODS 1 78 ODS 1 Fin de la Pobreza La situación más crítica con relación a la pobreza es la de niñas, niños y adolescentes, y luego la de jóvenes de 18 a 29 años. Sin embargo, entre los primeros, la pobreza descendió en el tercer trimestre de 2021, con respecto a igual trimestre de 2020, mientras que entre los segundos se mantuvo prácticamente en los mismos niveles, incluso con un incremento de un 4,6% entre los varones en esas edades. También, y aunque partiendo de niveles mucho más bajos, la incidencia de la pobreza creció entre la población de 65 y más años pasando del 9,8% al 13,5% entre los terceros trimestres de 2020 y 2021. Parecería evidenciarse que las políticas de transferencias de ingresos a niñas, niños y adolescentes resultaron más exitosas que las destinadas a la población adulta de mayor edad. Sin embargo, habría que tomar en cuenta el impacto de las distintas medidas tomadas para esta población. La más signifcativa es la gratuidad de una extensa lista de medicamentos que, si bien no puede refejarse en el indicador de línea de pobreza, ya que no se trata de una transferencia directa de ingresos, permitiría reasignar recursos a otros rubros esenciales, como la alimentación, por ejemplo, en los hogares con adultos y/o adultas mayores. La población menos afectada por la pobreza es la que se encuentra en edades de plena actividad laboral, que es la franja de 30 a 64 años. En estas edades la pobreza descendió más que en el resto, sobre todo entre los varones; ya que otra característica de este grupo es que la brecha de género se mantiene siempre a favor de los varones. Por el contrario, entre los adultos mayores la diferencia casi siempre se mantiene a favor de las mujeres. En cuanto a la conformación de los hogares y su relación con la pobreza, a partir de la siguiente tabla se puede observar que entre los hogares no pobres el 40,0% se concentra en los hogares sin hijos (unipersonales y nucleares o de pareja sin hijos) mientras que entre los pobres este porcentaje es de solo el 10,5%. Entre los hogares pobres, los nucleares con hijos representan al 61% de los hogares con jefa mujer y al 66% de los hogares con jefe 79 Fin de la Pobreza ODS 1 Si bien, como se vio más arriba, la pobreza prácticamente no descendió en el tercer trimestre de 2021 con respecto a igual trimestre del año anterior, por el contrario, la indigencia se redujo de forma signifcativa, en un 25%, pasando del 10,6% al 8,0% entre un trimestre y otro, y ubicándose algo por debajo incluso del primer trimestre de 2020. varón. Pero dentro de estos los hogares nucleares incompletos (pareja sin cónyuge) con hijos son el 32% de los hogares pobres con jefa mujer y solo el 6% de los hogares con jefe varón. La situación es semejante en cuanto a los hogares extendidos, ya que entre los hogares pobres con jefa mujer el 18% son extendidos de núcleo incompleto con hijos, mientras que su incidencia baja al 3% entre los hogares pobres con jefe varón. En síntesis, en la mitad de los hogares pobres con jefa mujer vive ella con hijos y sin pareja, ya sea con o sin otros familiares, mientras que en los hogares con jefe varón esta proporción se reduce a menos de 1 de cada 10. 80 ODS 1 Fin de la Pobreza Las consecuencias de la pandemia pusieron en evidencia diversas situaciones de vulnerabilidad en el acceso a derechos básicos. En este contexto las personas cuyas condiciones de vida se vieron más afectadas fueron aquellas que residen en barrios populares. Estos sectores, especialmente vulnerables, tuvieron que enfrentar situaciones de confnamiento con un alto défcit urbano habitacional; además de sufrir, en mayor medida que otros sectores, la contracción del empleo, la caída de los ingresos, la disminución de la presencialidad escolar y la difcultad para acceder a ámbitos de esparcimiento. Sin embargo, con el énfasis puesto en estos sectores más postergados de la sociedad, el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social dinamizó, desde fnales de 2020, proyectos de integración sociourbana que, junto con otras iniciativas del Gobierno Nacional, tales como políticas de inclusión laboral, acceso a créditos accesibles y/o no bancarios para herramientas y equipamiento, créditos para la vivienda; además de la construcción de obra pública a gran escala, aspiran a dar respuesta defnitiva a una deuda social que el Estado tiene desde hace años con estos sectores. ■ Meta 1.3. Poner en práctica a nivel nacional sistemas y medidas apropiadas de protección social para todos, incluidos niveles mínimos, y, para 2030, lograr una amplia cobertura de los pobres y los vulnerables. Indicador 1.3.1.* Porcentaje de los niños y niñas y adolescentes hasta 18 años cubiertos por sistemas de protección social de carácter nacional. Indicador 1.3.2.* Porcentaje de adultos mayores cubiertos por sistemas de protección social de carácter nacional. En las bases de datos de ANSES se dispone la información de la cantidad de niñas, niños y adolescentes de hasta 17 años y de personas con discapacidad. Según el último dato disponible, correspondiente al mes de marzo 2021, dicho total asciende a 13.303.177 personas. En cuanto a la cobertura en Seguridad Social de este universo, a continuación, se brinda la información relativa a su cobertura ya sea por cada uno de los subsistemas a marzo 2021: subsistemas: 1) sub-sistema contributivo (Asignaciones Familiares), 2) subsistema no contributivo (principalmente AUH), y 3) personas en condiciones de deducir cargas de familia en el impuesto a las ganancias. El subsistema contributivo alcanza a 4.713.462 niñas, niños, adolescentes y personas con discapacidad que se encuentran cubiertos por norma nacional por ser hijas/os de trabajadoras/es en relación de dependencia, monotributistas, personas que cobran seguro de desempleo o pasivas/os. Por otro parte, el subsistema no contributivo alcanza a 4.377.273 niñas, niños, adolescentes y personas con discapacidad que cobran AUH. Estos dos componentes totalizan 9.090.735 que perciben protección social a través niñas, niños, adolescentes y personas con discapacidad que cuentan con protección social mediante norma nacional y reciben asignación por hija/o a través de ANSES. Este universo representa el 68% de las niñas, niños, adolescentes y personas con discapacidad que fgura en los registros de la ANSES. Es decir, la ANSES, a través de sus asignaciones cubre en forma directa al 68% de este grupo poblacional (cobertura ANSES 1). Un tercer componente está integrado por aquellas niñas, niños, adolescentes y personas con discapacidad que pertenecen a hogares cuyos integrantes deducen o se encuentran en condiciones de deducir ganancias, comprendiendo trabajadoras/ es en relación de dependencia e independientes. Este universo representa el 12% del grupo poblacional en cuestión y no se encuentra cubierto por norma nacional, es decir, no percibe ningún tipo de asignación a través de la ANSES (cobertura 2). Si se considerara una cobertura en sentido amplio (1+2), comprendiendo no sólo aquel universo cubierto por norma nacional sino también a las hijas/os de trabajadoras/es que deducen o en condiciones de deducir ganancias, el porcentaje de cobertura equivale al 80%. A fn de conocer la cobertura por jurisdicción, a continuación, se brinda la información correspondiente al alcance por norma nacional. 81 Fin de la Pobreza ODS 1 ■ Meta 1.4. De aquí a 2030, garantizar que todos los hombres y mujeres, en particular los pobres y los vulnerables, tengan los mismos derechos a los recursos económicos y acceso a los servicios básicos, la propiedad y el control de la tierra y otros bienes, la herencia, los recursos naturales, las nuevas tecnologías apropiadas y los servicios fnancieros, incluida la microfnanciación. Esta meta fue incorporada durante el proceso de adaptación al contexto y prioridades nacionales de política pública realizado en 2020-2021. El indicador se encuentra en desarrollo por lo que no se realiza este análisis. ■ Meta 1.5. De aquí a 2030, fomentar la resiliencia de los pobres y las personas que se encuentran en situaciones de vulnerabilidad y reducir su exposición y vulnerabilidad a los fenómenos extremos relacionados con el clima y otras perturbaciones y desastres económicos, sociales y ambientales. La Nueva Agenda Urbana presenta un cambio de paradigma, establece estándares y principios para la planifcación, desarrollo, gestión y mejora de las áreas urbanas a lo largo de sus cinco pilares principales de implementación: políticas urbanas nacionales, legislación y regulaciones urbanas, planifcación y diseño urbano, economía local y fnanzas municipales, e implementación local. 82 ODS 1 Fin de la Pobreza En este sentido, el cambio de paradigma de la vivienda social a la vivienda digna impulsado por la gestión actual del Ministerio parte de comprender a la vivienda como un derecho y su construcción como parte indispensable del proceso productivo. Desde esta perspectiva, la casa constituirá el lugar donde cada uno tenga la posibilidad de crecer y desarrollarse sustentablemente. En ese sentido se mencionan los siguientes datos actualizados: • Benefciarios de Políticas de Hábitat en 2021: 145.309,00. • Obras de Infraestructura y Equipamiento Urbano terminadas en 2021: 15. • Obras de Mejoramiento del Espacio Público y Equipamiento Comunitario terminadas en 2021: 5. • Obras de Conexiones Domiciliarias de Servicios Básicos terminadas en 2021: 5.683. • Otorgamiento de Certifcados de Seguridad de Tenencia de Viviendas y Terrenos en 2021: 1.028. Intervenciones orientadas a las metas ■ Meta 1.2. Para 2030, reducir al menos a la mitad la proporción de hombres, mujeres y niños de todas las edades que viven en la pobreza en todas sus dimensiones con arreglo a las defniciones nacionales. Para esta meta se destacan las siguientes intervenciones: → Plan Argentina contra el Hambre (PACH). El objetivo del plan es garantizar la seguridad y la soberanía alimentaria de toda la población argentina, con especial atención en los sectores en situación de mayor vulnerabilidad económica y social. Los objetivos específcos del plan son: • Complementar los ingresos del hogar para la compra de alimentos. • Fortalecer las prestaciones alimentarias dirigidas a provincias, municipios, comedores comunitarios, comedores escolares y organizaciones sociales. • Favorecer la participación de las familias y las comunidades en la producción de alimentos. • Promover sistemas de producción de alimentos a través del fortalecimiento de la economía solidaria, social y popular, el cooperativismo y la agricultura familiar. • Propiciar la participación de redes comunitarias para el acompañamiento y seguimiento de las familias en la incorporación de hábitos saludables de alimentación, higiene y nutrición. • Diseñar e implementar un sistema de monitoreo y evaluación de resultados e impactos de las acciones que componen el plan. Los destinatarios del Plan Argentina contra el Hambre son las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad social que padecen inseguridad alimentaria y las familias y comunidades en situación de pobreza. Se priorizan los hogares con titulares de la Asignación Universal por Hijo (AUH) con niñas y niños de hasta 14 años, mujeres embarazadas y personas con discapacidad. Se brinda una especial atención a adultos mayores y adolescentes con difcultad para acceder a una alimentación adecuada. Los principales componentes del Plan Argentina contra el Hambre que contribuyen de manera directa a la Meta 1.2. son el de Seguridad Alimentaria, y dentro de este componente la prestación Alimentar; y el Apoyo a la Producción y comercialización de Alimentos. En el marco del Componente de Seguridad Alimentaria se implementa la prestación Alimentar cuyo objetivo es complementar los ingresos del hogar para la compra de alimentos, priorizando a madres con niñas y niños de hasta 14 años, mujeres embarazadas a partir de los 3 meses y personas con discapacidad que se encuentren en situación de vulnerabilidad social. Si bien hasta abril de 2021, las destinatarias y destinatarios se circunscribían al grupo de niñas y niños hasta 6 años, a partir de mayo esa población se extendió hasta los 14 años y se aplicó un aumento del monto para las familias con 3 o más hijos, a las que se les comenzó a depositar $12.000 por mes. También se incorporaron a las titulares de Pensión no Contributiva para Madres de siete o más hijos (RESOL￾2021-655-APNMDS), por lo cual, llegando en agosto de 2021 a la incorporación de casi 100 mil titulares. En el mes de diciembre de 2021, el número de titulares de la Prestación Alimentar fue de 2.422.274, lo cual representó una inversión de 18.972.927.000 pesos. El número de destinatarios fue de 4.082.796 personas, entre las cuales 3.932.986 son hijos menores (hasta 14 años), 60.154 hijos con discapacidad, y 89.656 embarazadas. A partir de la ampliación de la cobertura dispuesta en mayo 2021, el incremento entre abril y diciembre fue de 55% respecto de los titulares, 100% en la cantidad de destinatarios y de 79% en la inversión mensual. Actualmente, alrededor del 55% de los titulares perciben la prestación básica (un hijo), mientras el 28% recibe el benefcio para familias con dos hijos y el restante 17% la correspondiente a 3 hijos o más. 83 Fin de la Pobreza ODS 1 → Sembrar Soberanía Alimentaria. Tiene el objetivo de apoyar la producción, elaboración y distribución de alimentos de la agricultura familiar; potenciando las redes locales de abastecimiento en todo el país, en articulación con las provincias, municipios, las organizaciones sociales y populares, en pos de la soberanía alimentaria. A la vez, el programa propicia el fortalecimiento de los procesos organizacionales y de gestión de las unidades productivas vinculadas al sector alimenticio, así como la consolidación del entramado territorial de productores a partir de redes de producción, elaboración y distribución de alimentos para el abastecimiento local y regional. Se realizaron 28 convenios con municipios y organizaciones de 12 provincias, los que alcanzan a 301 unidades productivas y una transferencia de $200.985.965. → El programa PROHUERTA, que se implementa junto con el Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), promueve las prácticas productivas agroecológicas para el autoabastecimiento, la educación alimentaria, la promoción de ferias y mercados alternativos con una mirada inclusiva de las familias productoras. Mediante el componente Granja se promueve la cría de animales con fnes productivos en pequeña escala, asociado a la agricultura familiar de subsistencia. La propuesta general se centra en el dictado de capacitaciones, la asistencia técnica y la entrega de animales de granja para promover la autoproducción avícola, con el fn de mejorar la situación nutricional de las personas involucradas. Para el año 2021 se estableció como meta alcanzar la concreción de 6.545 huertas comunitarias, 13.000 huertas escolares y más de 588.000 huertas familiares. Desde marzo de 2020 a diciembre de 2021 se invirtieron en estas acciones del Prohuerta 994 millones de pesos. En la temporada Otoño/Invierno 2021, se han entregado 676.508 kits y bolsones de semillas entre las organizaciones y familias vulnerables. → A través del programa de Mercados de Cercanía se fomentan y fortalecen estrategias de comercialización de la economía popular, social y solidaria, impulsadas por entidades gubernamentales y organizaciones sociales de todo el país. A través de la red de mercados de cercanía y el desarrollo de proyectos se brindan espacios de formación, divulgación o articulación y apoyo económico para equipamiento, logística, capacitación, comunicación y difusión. Acumulados a noviembre 2021, se fnanciaron 37 proyectos destinados a fortalecer mercados de cercanía, por un monto de 119,59 millones de pesos, que alcanzan a 1.492 unidades productivas. → El Programa Nacional de Inclusión Socio-Productiva y Desarrollo Local Potenciar Trabajo tiene por objetivo contribuir al mejoramiento de la empleabilidad y la generación de nuevas propuestas productivas, a través de la terminalidad educativa, la formación laboral, la certifcación de competencias, así como también la creación, promoción y fortalecimiento de unidades productivas gestionadas por personas físicas que se encuentren en situación de alta vulnerabilidad social y económica, con la fnalidad de promover su inclusión social plena y mejoramiento progresivo de ingresos con vistas a alcanzar la autonomía económica. La inversión en el mes de diciembre de 2021 fue de 38.855 millones de pesos y la acumulada entre diciembre de 2019 y el mismo mes de 2021 es de 299.227 millones. Al mismo mes de diciembre de 2021, el programa contaba con 1.271.209 titulares distribuidos en las veinticuatro provincias del país. A diciembre 2021, se encontraban formalizadas con convenios 134 Unidades de Gestión de Organizaciones No Gubernamentales con una inversión total de $12.556 millones de pesos, de los cuales ya se pagaron $6.784 millones. Acumulados a octubre 2021, se encuentran en ejecución 91 convenios con Unidades de Gestión Gubernamentales. El monto total conveniado (no todas cuentan con fnanciamiento) es de $7.705 millones, de los cuales ya se pagaron $4.134 millones. → El Programa de Banco de Maquinarias, Herramientas y Materiales tiene como objetivo atender a las personas en situación de alta vulnerabilidad social y económica, mediante la entrega de insumos, herramientas y/o equipamiento, permitiéndoles generar una fuente de ingresos genuinos y mitigando, de tal modo, los factores de riesgo y exclusión provocados por el contexto de la emergencia social. Acumulados a diciembre 2021, se fnanciaron 250 convenios en 24 provincias, por un monto de $2.499 millones de pesos, llevados adelante por 145 organizaciones gubernamentales y 105 organizaciones sociales. → A través del Programa de Microcréditos se promueve el acceso al crédito de unidades productivas de la economía popular y solidaria, el autoempleo, monotributistas y trabajadores autónomos, cooperativas de trabajo autogestivas y trabajadores asociados de la economía popular social y solidaria. Para todo el período 2020-2021, se llevan otorgados un total de 33.320 microcréditos, y frmados 85 convenios, por un monto de 493,63 Millones de pesos. → El Programa Argentina Unida por la Integración de los Barrios Populares tiene por objetivo fnanciar la elaboración e implementación de proyectos de integración sociourbana para los barrios inscritos en el Registro Nacional de Barrios Populares en proceso de integración sociourbana (RENABAP) contemplando la participación de las organizaciones comunitarias y de los trabajadores y las trabajadoras de la economía popular. Se espera poder avanzar en la urbanización de aproximadamente 340 barrios en 2021 y en los años sucesivos hasta completar el objetivo de los 4.416 barrios incluidos en el RENABAP. Al mes de diciembre de 2021 se habían fnanciado proyectos en 104 barrios populares de las provincias de Buenos Aires, Chaco, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Salta, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe y Tucumán. La cantidad de familias alcanzadas por estas obras se estima en 39.257. El total conveniado alcanza los $2.758 millones de pesos, de los cuales se desembolsaron hasta diciembre $1.114 millones. Meta 1.3. Poner en práctica a nivel nacional sistemas y medidas apropiadas de protección social para todos, incluidos niveles mínimos, y, para 2030, lograr una amplia cobertura de los pobres y los vulnerables. Para esta meta se destaca la siguiente intervención: → Ley Nacional de Atención y Cuidado Integral de la salud durante el embarazo y la primera infancia. Tiene por objeto fortalecer el cuidado integral de la salud y la vida de las mujeres y otras personas gestantes, y de los niños y las niñas en la primera infancia, en cumplimiento de los compromisos asumidos por el Estado en materia de salud pública y derechos humanos de las mujeres y personas con otras identidades de género con capacidad de gestar, y de sus hijos e hijas, con el fn de reducir la mortalidad, la mal nutrición y la desnutrición, proteger los vínculos tempranos, el desarrollo físico y emocional y la salud de manera integral, y prevenir la violencia. Esta iniciativa tiene como benefciarios a niños y niñas menores de 3 años y personas gestantes titulares de la AUH y AUE. Dentro de sus componentes, se crea la Asignación por Cuidado de Salud Integral que consiste en una suma anual equivalente al valor de la AUH o AUH con discapacidad a pagarse por cada niño o niña menor de 3 años que haya tenido acceso a la AUH en el año calendario y siempre que acrediten el cumplimiento del plan de vacunación y control sanitario. Se amplía la AUE de 6 a 9 meses y se percibirá hasta completar la cantidad de meses que hubiese durado su embarazo, equiparando derechos con la Asignación Prenatal. Se elimina el requisito de antigüedad mínima y continuada en el empleo de seis meses a la fecha de ocurrido el nacimiento o dictada la Sentencia de Adopción (artículo 12° y 13° de la Ley N° 24.714/96). Se incluye a la Asignación por Nacimiento y Asignación por Adopción a las personas que pertenezcan a grupos familiares que se encuentren desocupados o se desempeñen en la economía informal. Actualmente corresponde solo a trabajadores en relación de dependencia o cobrando por la Aseguradora de Riesgo del Trabajo y a personas que cobren la Prestación por Desempleo o la Pensión Honorífca de Veteranos de Guerra del Atlántico Sur. 84 ODS 1 Fin de la Pobreza ■ Meta 1.4. De aquí a 2030, garantizar que todos los hombres y mujeres, en particular los pobres y los vulnerables, tengan los mismos derechos a los recursos económicos y acceso a los servicios básicos, la propiedad y el control de la tierra y otros bienes, la herencia, los recursos naturales, las nuevas tecnologías apropiadas y los servicios fnancieros, incluida la microfnanciación. Para esta meta se destacan las siguientes intervenciones: → El Programa Argentina Unida por la Integración de los Barrios Populares tiene por objetivo fnanciar la elaboración e implementación de proyectos de integración sociourbana para los barrios inscritos en el Registro Nacional de Barrios Populares en proceso de integración sociourbana (RENABAP) contemplando la participación de las organizaciones comunitarias y de los trabajadores y las trabajadoras de la economía popular. Se espera poder avanzar en la urbanización de aproximadamente 340 barrios en 2021 y en los años sucesivos hasta completar el objetivo de los 4.416 barrios incluidos en el RENABAP. Al mes de diciembre de 2021 se habían fnanciado proyectos en 104 barrios populares de las provincias de Buenos Aires, Chaco, Córdoba, Entre Ríos, Jujuy, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Salta, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe y Tucumán. La cantidad de familias alcanzadas por estas obras se estima en 39.257. El total conveniado alcanza los $2.758 millones de pesos, de los cuales se desembolsaron hasta diciembre $1.114 millones. 85 Fin de la Pobreza ODS 1 → Programa de Integración Socio Urbana PISU – BID. Tiene por objetivo general promover la integración social y urbana de los barrios vulnerables del país, priorizando aquellos comprendidos dentro del RENABAP. El fnanciamiento del proyecto consta de un monto de hasta 50.000.000 dólares (Decreto N° 674/2019). El programa está integrado por 5 componentes y subcomponentes: • Componente 1. Ordenamiento territorial y seguridad en la tenencia: tiene el objetivo de incorporar los polígonos de los Barrios Populares a los procesos de ordenamiento territorial para su inclusión en la planifcación urbana, garantizando la seguridad en la tenencia y promoviendo la regularización dominial. • Componente 2. Desarrollo humano y productivo: orientado a mejorar las condiciones socioeconómicas de los habitantes de los Barrios Populares. A estos fnes, se divide en dos subcomponentes estratégicos: • Subcomponente 2.1. Desarrollo humano: busca mejorar la presencia de las áreas de gobierno y OSC en el barrio, ampliando la cobertura y la participación en los programas sociales por parte de la comunidad. • Subcomponente 2.2. Desarrollo productivo: busca promover el desarrollo humano y de actividades económicas de los barrios. • Componente 3. Infraestructura urbana: tiene por objetivo promover la conexión de las familias a los servicios públicos formales; mejorar la accesibilidad y conectividad de las redes urbanas viales y peatonales y fortalecer el capital social a través de equipamiento comunitario y espacios públicos que garanticen la inserción de los barrios en las estructuras de sus ciudades. • Componente 4. Fortalecimiento institucional, gubernamental y comunitario: orientado a promover mayor efciencia en la implementación de los Proyectos de integración barrial, mejorando las capacidades institucionales y los vínculos entre los actores gubernamentales y de la sociedad civil. • Componente 5. Respuesta al COVID-19 en Barrios Populares: su objetivo es asegurar la calidad de vida de los residentes de los barrios populares en respuesta al COVID-19 mediante acciones que promuevan su integración socio urbana. Este último componente fue presentado públicamente en el mes de mayo de 2021 con el nombre Integrar es Salud, un programa surgido a partir de la emergencia sanitaria provocada por la pandemia COVID-19 que tiene como objetivo garantizar la calidad de vida de quienes viven en barrios populares. A través de este programa se acondicionaron y equiparon espacios comunitarios, se fnanciaron cuadrillas sanitarias y de trabajo social, y se acompaña a niñas, niños y jóvenes en edad escolar con materiales didácticos y nuevos puntos de acceso a internet y telefonía. Al mes de diciembre de 2021 este programa se está ejecutando a nivel nacional a través de organizaciones no gubernamentales con un alcance estimado de 32.006 familias y una inversión de $614.220.000. Por otra parte, en el marco de este componente y a partir del mes de noviembre, se ejecutaron obras que mejoraron las condiciones sanitarias de las viviendas para la gestión de la pandemia por COVID-19. Se priorizaron aquellas viviendas donde la condición de hacinamiento impidió realizar el aislamiento sanitario. Estas acciones de mejoramiento de viviendas en barrios populares se llevan adelante a través de organizaciones sociales y contemplan la ejecución de obras, la asistencia técnica y la provisión de materiales. Al mes de diciembre de 2021 se invirtieron 558 millones de pesos. El monto total conveniado para el mismo período asciende a 1.016 millones de pesos. → El Programa Mi Pieza tiene como objetivo brindar fnanciamiento para la compra de materiales y contratación de mano de obra a mujeres residentes en Barrios Populares identifcados en el RENABAP, para realizar refacciones, mejoras y/o ampliaciones de su vivienda. El monto del subsidio a otorgar es de 100 mil o 240 mil pesos, dependiendo de las obras a realizar declaradas por las destinatarias. Al mes de diciembre de 2021 se realizaron dos sorteos (el primero en octubre y el segundo en diciembre), del que resultaron seleccionadas 105.024 mujeres de todo el país. El monto total de inversión del Programa es de $24.800 millones de pesos. → El Registro Nacional de Barrios Populares se crea mediante los Decretos N° 358/2017 y N° 789/2019 con la función de registrar los bienes inmuebles ya sean de propiedad fscal o de particulares donde se asientan los barrios populares, las construcciones existentes en dichos barrios y los datos de las personas que habitan en ellas, al 31 de diciembre de 2016. En abril de 2021, el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social inició la reapertura del RENABAP con el objetivo de actualizar la información sobre los barrios existentes en el país, incluir aquellos constituidos entre 2016 y 2018, y contemplar asimismo los asentamientos rurales que habían quedado excluidos del Registro de 2016. En el mes de mayo comenzó la actualización del RENABAP en dos niveles. Por un lado, se está realizando a nivel nacional la actualización de los polígonos de los barrios populares, con una inversión al mes 86 ODS 1 Fin de la Pobreza de diciembre de $11 millones. También, relevan las familias residentes con una inversión de 127 millones de pesos al mes de diciembre de 2021, lo que permite entregarles el Certifcado de Vivienda Familiar a las familias que aún no lo hayan obtenido. En diciembre 2021 se actualizó formalmente la base de datos del RENABAP (Decreto N° 880/2021) para que se incluya el conjunto de barrios populares constituidos entre 2016 y 2018. De esta manera, el actual Registro cuenta con 4.561 barrios populares. Esta actualización amplía las garantías de seguridad en la tenencia de quienes habitan en los barrios populares constituidos en el período mencionado, ya que habilita la emisión de los Certifcados de Vivienda Familiar. En el marco de la creación del RENABAP, se establece que el Ministerio es el organismo responsable de emitir un Certifcado de Vivienda Familiar o Certifcado de Organización Comunitaria, para ser entregado por la Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social (ANSES) según corresponda a los responsables de vivienda o responsables de las organizaciones comunitarias incluidos en el RENABAP. El certifcado se considera un documento sufciente para acreditar la existencia y veracidad del domicilio, a los efectos de solicitar la conexión de servicios tal como agua corriente, energía eléctrica, gas y cloacas; solicitar la clave única de identifcación tributaria (CUIT) y/o la clave única de identifcación laboral (CUIL), realizar peticiones ante los organismos públicos; solicitar prestaciones de salud, previsionales y educativas. De acuerdo con la última información disponible, se encuestaron 100.615 viviendas, lo que permitió la emisión de 71.149 Certifcados de Vivienda Familiar a hogares de los barrios populares. ■ Meta 1.5. De aquí a 2030, fomentar la resiliencia de los pobres y las personas que se encuentran en situaciones de vulnerabilidad y reducir su exposición y vulnerabilidad a los fenómenos extremos relacionados con el clima y otras perturbaciones y desastres económicos, sociales y ambientales. Para esta meta se destacan las siguientes intervenciones: → Programa de Mejoramiento de Barrios IV (ProMeBa). Contrato de Préstamo 3548/15 OC-AR. El fn del Programa es mejorar la calidad de vida y contribuir a la inclusión social e integración de los segmentos más pobres de la población, mediante la mejora de modo sustentable de hogares a través de la Legalización de la Tenencia de la Tierra a través de trámites y estudios legales, planos de mensura, amojonamiento, incorporación catastral de nuevas parcelas, y la entrega de títulos de propiedad a los hogares benefciarios de este Programa. También, mediante la Provisión de Infraestructura, Saneamiento Ambiental y Equipamiento Social (agua potable, cloaca, drenaje pluvial, desagües de alcantarillado -o solución alternativa-, distribución de gas, electrifcación con sus conexiones intradomiciliarias, alumbrado público, construcción de red vial y peatonal, espacios públicos y áreas verdes, equipamiento urbano, equipamiento comunitario, y obras complementarias y de mitigación ambiental en el espacio público y privado, incorporando según sea posible, criterios de efciencia energética. Como experiencia piloto, un proyecto integral aplicará alternativas de infraestructura verde. Actualmente se está trabajando en la quinta edición del programa y seguramente se nutra de los datos obtenidos del Censo de Población Hogares y Viviendas 2022. → Programa Integral de Hábitat y Vivienda (Préstamo del Banco Interamericano de Reconstrucción y Fomento -BIRF- 8712- AR). El fn del Programa es contribuir al proceso de universalizar el acceso a la vivienda formal y a la mejora integral del hábitat a nivel nacional a través del Acceso a la Vivienda Formal mediante un crédito hipotecario con un subsidio al capital (bono otorgado por el organismo ejecutor). Específcamente, se fnanciará el reembolso de subsidios al capital otorgados a benefciarios de la Línea PROCREAR Solución Casa Propia Compra (SCP), destinados a la compra de primera vivienda nueva o existente. La línea de Mejora Integral del Hábitat consiste en la ejecución de: (a) infraestructura de servicios básicos urbanos (redes y nexos de agua potable, cloaca, drenaje pluvial, desagües de alcantarillado o solución alternativa, distribución de gas, tendido eléctrico y alumbrado público),y su conexión con las viviendas; (b) mejoramiento del espacio público e inversión en equipamiento comunitario, junto con obras de mitigración ambiental; (c) fortalecimiento del desarrollo humano mediante la capacitación, educación y empoderamiento de la comunidad; (d) reducción del défcit de títulos de propiedad y promoción de la seguridad de tenencia de la tierra (asistencias técnicas para la regularización en las áreas de intervención, trabajos de mensura y registros catastrales), y (e) Si es aplicable, compensación y construcción de viviendas vinculado con la política de reasentamiento. → Programa Integral del Hábitat (Cooperación Andina de Fomento). Los proyectos desarrollados en el marco del presente Programa promueven la sostenibilidad de largo plazo mediante el abordaje del défcit en infraestructura y servicios urbanos a través de obras e infraestructura para la mejora del hábitat. Contempla recursos para la realización de obras de infraestructura básica (plantas de tratamiento, redes de agua potable, desagües cloacales, energía eléctrica, redes de gas, según corresponda), mejoramiento del espacio público e inversión en equipamiento comunitario, desagües pluviales, obras de 87 Fin de la Pobreza ODS 1 mitigación ambiental, conexiones intradomiciliarias de servicios, construcción y mejoramientos de viviendas, construcción de veredas y pavimentación de calzadas, alumbrado público y construcción de salas destinadas a equipamiento comunitario. → Programa Casa Propia – Construir Futuro (RESOL-2021-16-APN-MDTYH). A través de este programa se fnancian proyectos para el desarrollo de soluciones habitacionales que mejoren las condiciones del hábitat, vivienda, infraestructura básica y equipamiento comunitario mediante acciones participativas en hogares con necesidades básicas insatisfechas y grupos vulnerables, contribuyendo con el descenso progresivo del défcit habitacional cuantitativo y cualitativo de la República Argentina, promoviendo la incorporación de nuevos materiales y sistemas constructivos. El programa también contribuye de un modo ágil y efcaz, a brindar soluciones habitacionales a los hogares damnifcados por contingencias climatológicas, desastres naturales o antrópicos. Todo ello garantizando la seguridad jurídica a los benefciarios de soluciones habitacionales a partir del otorgamiento del correspondiente título de propiedad. Recursos presupuestarios movilizados para el ODS 1 El gasto destinado a la atención del ODS 1 – Fin de la Pobreza muestra un incremento del 30,6% en el año 2021 con respecto al ejecutado durante el año 2020 ($1.149.692 millones adicionales). No obstante, durante 2021, la participación del objetivo en el Gasto Primario Total de la Administración Pública Nacional representó el 49,1%, lo que signifcó una caída de 9,8 puntos porcentuales (p.p.) respecto al 58,9% alcanzado durante el año previo. Por su parte, la participación sobre el Producto Bruto Interno del gasto vinculado a este Objetivo bajó en 2021 a un 10,5%, versus el 13,7% alcanzado en 2020. El comportamiento de estos indicadores obedeció a la alta signifcación que tuvieron las asignaciones destinadas a atender a la población más vulnerable en el marco del aislamiento por el COVID-19 durante el año 2020. Gráfco 1.1 Gasto primario ejecutado 2020 – 2021 vinculado a ODS 1. En millones de pesos, en porcentaje del Gasto Primario y en porcentaje del PIB. Nota: Fecha de corte Ejecutado 2021: 25/02/2022. Datos provisorios hasta la publicación de la Cuenta de Inversión 2021. Fuente: Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros - Dirección Nacional de Coordinación del Presupuesto Nacional, en base a datos del E-Sidif e INDEC. 88 ODS 1 Fin de la Pobreza Durante los años 2020 y 2021 se observó que el gasto primario vinculado al ODS 1 estuvo destinado, principalmente, al cumplimiento de la Meta 1.3. Poner en práctica sistemas y medidas apropiadas de protección social, con una participación sobre el gasto vinculado a este objetivo superior al 90% para el período. Esta meta reúne sustancialmente las políticas relativas a las prestaciones previsionales del Régimen de Reparto y las prestaciones por Moratoria Previsional de la Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social.

35 The Government of Armenia increased public spend￾ing on social protection and infrastructure enhancement, though still low in absolute numbers and with slow growth rate (figure 3). Armenia progressed well in eradicating extreme poverty, including extreme child poverty, and poverty in terms of international poverty line ($1.25 per day). Most of the extremely poor live in small towns other than the capital, Yerevan. Poverty Eradication Progress Challenges Poverty still remains a major challenge as about 30 percent of the population lives under the national poverty line including refugees, stateless persons and other displaced population. In 2016, 29.4 percent of Armenians were still living in poverty (figure 13) and the levels of poverty have not decreased to that of 2008. Inequality also increased: the Gini coefficient rose from 0.339 in 2008 to 0.375 in 2016 (based on national consumption expenditure). Poverty is notably higher among children up to 17 years of age (34.2 percent). Geographical disparities also are high, with every second child (50.9 percent) in Shirak region living in poverty. An alarming characteristic of poverty in Armenia is the fact that around 25 percent of the poor adults are employed people are employed people, i.e. they work, receive salary, but are still poor5. This may be an indicator of a number of drawbacks in the economy, such as ineffi￾ciencies in the labor market and low labor productivity. Another dimension of low productivity of the labor market is the lower rate of participation of women. World Bank estimates suggest that in case of same rates of participa￾tion Armenia would witness a gain of 14.3 percent of GDP per capita6. Labor productivity has increased significantly during the last decade but is still at low level if compared internationally (table 5). To overcome poverty, Armenia would need AMD 63.2 billion, or an amount equal to 1.2 percent of GDP, in addi￾tion to the resources already allocated for social assis￾tance, assuming that such assistance would be efficiently targeted to the poor only. Elimination of extreme poverty would require around AMD 1.4 billion, or 0.03 percent of GDP, in addition to social assistance already channeled to the extremely poor and ensuring efficient targeting. Inter￾national experience shows that perfect targeting of social assistance is highly unlikely; therefore, the actual resourc￾5 Source: SCA Social Snapshot and Poverty 6 Many of the vulnerable working poor are located in rural areas, and work in agriculture. Many women work as contributing family workers without pay and with high levels of economic dependency, making them one of the most vulnerable groups in Armenia. In particular: “In rural communities, two-thirds of employed women do not receive cash earnings when they are self-employed (Yerevan State University, 2015)”. In: p. 13, FAO (2016) Gender, agriculture and rural development. Country gender assessment series (Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6737e.pdf Also available in Armenian at: http://www.- 36 Poverty Eradication ment and quality of social/case management work, availa￾bility and quality of community-based services, financing of social protection, as well as professional cooperation among social service providers in addressing the multiple vulnerabilities of families and children. Moreover, cash benefits and different types of services should be inter￾linked and coordinated with early learning, education, health, and other services that benefit children and address their multiple vulnerabilities. Social protection interventions need to be viewed within the overall context of economic development of the country and “leaving no one behind”. es needed to overcome poverty would be significantly larger. The possibility of exploring strengthening contri￾butions of members of the Armenian diaspora towards development could be explored. Due to the multi-dimensional nature of poverty, mon￾etary assistance programs are not the only forms of inter￾ventions needed by the poor, especially poor families with children. Social support and care services are there￾fore an important component of social protection. Despite the ongoing reform of integrated social services in the country, challenges remain in systemic capacity develop-

12 Ending poverty Despite the continuous decline of the poverty rate in Armenia during the past years, poverty still remains a serious challenge and a primary battle area for the country’s social policy. Indeed, poverty cannot be combated by mere application of the state governance tools; it requires joint efforts of the whole population, Diaspora, and international partners. Indicators In considering the poverty indicators, it needs to be emphasized that many countries have different units of measurement for poverty indicators. The indicator mentioned in target 1 of SDG 1 is currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day, which differs from Armenia, using multi dimensional poverty calcu￾lation (upper line is $2.9, lower line is $1.2). End poverty in all its forms everywhere 13 The 2018 report said that 30% of population still lived below the poverty line, and children were in the most vulnerable group; the level of disproportional regional development is high in this regard. Accord￾ing to the data of the RA Statistical Committee, in 2018, the poverty rate estimate was 23.5%, consti￾tuting a fall of 2.2 percentage points compared to 2017, and of 4.1 percentage points compared to 2008 (27.6%), which was a big achievement. Among the total 23.5% share of poor population, 1.0% were extremely poor and 9.6% were moderately poor (ex￾cluding the extremely poor), while the remaining 12.9% were just poor. Over 2008-2018, poverty rate in urban and rural communities decreased by 2.7 and 6.2 percentage points, respectively. The capital city Yerevan had the lowest poverty rate in the country (19.9%), which was 1.5 times lower than in other urban communi￾ties. Comparison of 2008 and 2018 data shows that poverty in Yerevan fell by 0.2 percentage points, while in other urban communities which had the highest poverty rate it fell by 5.5 percentage points. In terms of urban/rural differences of welfare, ma￾jority of the poor (65.8%) were urban residents. Both in the 2018 report and now the poverty rate among children aged 0-5 and 6-9 is higher than in other age groups, and they still remain the most vulnerable group. The assessment of multidimen￾sional poverty complements the analysis on mone￾tary poverty. The share of multi-dimensionally poor population, that is, the share deprived in at least one dimension, in 2018 was 23.6%, with most depriva￾tions visible in housing and labor (Armstat 2019). 61.6 percent of children are deprived in two or more dimensions. The number was as high as 74.9 per￾cent in rural areas, while it is 52 percent in urban settings. Children are mostly deprived in utilities, housing, and leisure. The report of the Statistical Committee says that Ar￾menia needs 63.2 billion AMD or an amount equal to 1.1% of GDP in addition to the funds already allo￾cated for social assistance assuming that the social assistance will be efficiently addressed to the poor only. Eradication of extreme poverty would require 1 billion AMD, or 0.02% of GDP, in addition to social as￾sistance already allotted to the extremely poor, and with efficient targeting. International practice shows that public spending on education and health in Ar￾menia were 2.3% and 1.6% of GDP in 2020, respec￾tively; which is lower than the average among ECA countries. Social protection expenditures around 6.9% of GDP in 2020 are also low in comparison to countries in the ECA region. The highest proportion of spending goes to pensions and less than one￾third goes to social assistance, thus labour market programmes and social services needs more atten￾tion. Therefore there is a need to make more efforts on human capital development financing. The estimated poverty gap in 2018 was 4.2% com￾pared to 4.4% in 2017, whereas the estimated pov￾erty severity (inequality of consumption among the poor) was 1.1% compared to 1.2% in 2017. In 2018, poverty rate in urban communities was higher than in rural communities; it fell by 0.1 percentage points against 2017 and made 24.9%. At the same time, the poverty rate in rural communities decreased by 5.5 percentage points making 21.3%. Poverty and high unemployment rate, together with lack of social in￾clusion are one of the root causes for high outward migration rate, affecting not only the economic situ￾ation but demographic situation as well. 30.1 2015 2016 2017 2018 29.8 30.2 29.4 26.3 25.7 23.6 23.5 29.5 28.5 25.0 23.4 Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex Armenia Female Male 14 Income inequality Consumption inequality 0.375 0.286 2016 0.359 0.289 2017 0.36 0.298 2018 Gini coefficient 42,621 41,612 40,867 24,827 24,268 23,313 2016 2017 2018 Extreme (food) poverty and complete poverty lines (monthly average) AMD Complete poverty line Extreme (food) poverty line 30.4 2015 2016 2017 2018 29.8 30.4 29.4 26.8 25.7 21.3 23.5 29.4 28.8 25.0 24.9 Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by region Armenia Urban Rural Gini coefficient is the indicator characterizing the living standards of population; aggregate income inequality increased from 0.359 in 2017 to 0.360 in 2018, while consumption inequality increased from 0.289 in 2017 to 0.298 in 2018. This shows that the population inequality (polarization) in Armenia is deeper in distribution of income than consumption. Implemented actions 15 In 2018-2019, the RA mostly focused on social as￾sistance, combined assistance and targeted chan￾neling of the current programmes in order to over￾come poverty. This includes the following: • Increasing the amount of lump-sum childbirth benefit for the first and second child, raising it to 300,000 AMD (600 USD); this indicator shows the biggest growth during the recent years; the figure rose 6 times for the first child and dou￾bled for the second child; • Process of providing orphanage graduates with housing purchase certificates; • Assistance programmes for livestock farming (cattle-breeding, sheep breeding, pigsty, goat breeding, poultry farming) targeted at non-com￾petitive people on the labour market; • Legislative definition of the concept of mini￾mum pension, which is made equivalent to the extreme poverty line. • The Government has provided housing pur￾chase certificates for up to 3.6 billion Armenian Drams to 300 beneficiaries of refugee families from Azerbaijan who were facing housing is￾sues in the past 30 years in frame of the second phase of the programme. • Provision of assistive devices to persons with disabilities using a voucher system; • Development of the “ambulance” programme for the provision of in-kind support to vulnera￾ble families; • Moreover, considering that the improvement of the demographic situation of the country has been declared a key government priority, a package of inter-linked interventions was ad￾opted, effective as of 2020, including: • Six-time increase of the lump sum child birth benefit for the first child from 50,000 AMD (105 USD) to 300,000 AMD (632 USD) and two-fold increase for the second child from 150,000 AMD (316 USD) to 300,000 AMD with the aim to cover preliminary expenses related to child birth; • Increase of the child care benefit under 2 years old for working mothers by around 41% from 18,000 AMD to 25,500 AMD (in line with the ex￾treme poverty line); • Expansion of the child care grant to non-work￾ing mothers in rural areas at the amount of 25,500 AMD per month until the child turns 2; • Provision of to support young families with and without children to improve the housing condi￾tions, including through provision of lump-sum monetary assistance and down-payment in the regions by the state. • All of these aimed at increasing coverage of vulnerable groups by the social protection sys￾tem and programmes.

29 | Page SDG 1: No Poverty End Poverty in All its Forms Everywhere Antigua and Barbuda has made progress on SDG 1, although the overall results have been mixed. The country has achieved one of the SDG indicators related to the implementation of appropriate social protection systems. The Medium-Term Development Strategy has as its core improving the quality of life of all citizens. Antigua and Barbuda has been classified by the UN as a high-income country with a Human Development Index (HDI) value of 0.778 — positioning the twin island nation in the high human development category, ranking it 78 out of 189 countries and territories. Over the years, the country has seen significant improvements in the standard of living and expansion of opportunities for its citizens due in part to improved macroeconomic management and deliberate efforts to advance the economic and social transformation of the country; putting people first and ensuring that those furthest behind are considered first. Over 95 per cent of the population has access to basic services such as electricity, potable water, sanitation services, and shelter. Access to health care and education also remains favourable. In 2017, the government promulgated the Disabilities and Equal Opportunities Act. The Act has been developed to expound the principles of equality and nondiscrimination in relation to persons with disabilities by highlighting and enforcing the rights of such persons in accordance with those stated in the Constitution of Antigua and Barbuda as well as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs). The Government recognizes that poverty still prevails, and some groups are at greater risk of falling into poverty such as persons with disabilities and recognizes that ending poverty is critical, The Government prioritizes poverty reduction by developing and advancing a comprehensive range of programmes to improve the life chances and outcomes of poor and vulnerable groups. The national poverty rate in Antigua and Barbuda is 18.4 per cent. Children in poverty are about 24.3 per cent. In addition to those considered poor, a further 10 percent of the population are considered to be vulnerable if there are downturns in the economy or exogenous shocks such as 30 | Page those experienced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The most vulnerable groups are children and those living in rural areas. Poverty is viewed by the Government as a multidimensional phenomenon and not just limited to income and expenditure but linked to multiple dimensions of human development including education and health, access to housing and other social services as well as gender-related disparities. As such, strategic focus on reducing poverty and narrowing income inequalities continue to be a focus and more resources are being invested in education and skills training so that all citizens can benefit from the growing opportunities and higher paying jobs that the economy continues to roll out. Focus is also placed on providing persons with disabilities with equal opportunities that would allow them to achieve their fullest potential. Poverty reduction strategies are pursued with a ‘pro-poor’ focus that prioritizes social inclusion, the empowerment of people, poverty eradication and social protection. To fulfil this priority, the Government has been increasing the budget allocation over the years for its multidimensional approach to poverty eradication through social protection and assistance programmes, establishment of institutional frameworks to ensure more efficient and effective delivery programmes and better targeting to vulnerable groups such as children, women and girls, the elderly and poor households. Additionally, issues of access to health care by all, access to education and lifelong learning, social housing and the promotion of decent wages and work conditions that espouses human dignity and provides wages that support an acceptable quality of life are being pursued. The Ministry of Social Transformation, Human Resource Development, Youth & Gender Affairs is responsible for providing services and programmes aimed at improving standards of living. Poverty reduction strategies and actions are guided by the National Economic and Social Council Act of Antigua and Barbuda which promotes economic growth and development, as well as citizen participation in the process of decision-making related to the economy and social development programs. Other Ministries and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) also implement poverty reduction programmes and services which help to reduce poverty and hence, help to break the cycles of exclusion and inequality. In 2020, Antigua and Barbuda promulgated its Social Protection Act to deliver more effective social development services and provide a more robust institutional and administrative framework to deliver services to those most in need. The Government also has drafted a new Social Protection Policy, Action Plan and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework. A newly appointed Social Protection Board and Social Protection Commission have been established, with clear roles and responsibilities for strengthened coordination of social protection programmes. 31 | Page There are currently three main social protection mechanisms available in Antigua and Barbuda: The Board of Guardians Scheme; Peoples Benefit Programme; and, the Social Security Scheme. The Board of Guardians Division provides direct income support to vulnerable families. In 2019 there were 59,016 beneficiaries of the Board of Guardians programme; approximately 42 per cent of beneficiaries were children, with females accounting for 53 per cent of all beneficiaries. The Peoples Benefit Programme targets vulnerable families, persons with a monthly income below US$300 and persons with disabilities. In 2018, 2,028 persons/families benefited from the programme, each receiving about US$80 per month to supplement their existing income. The Social Security Scheme targets a broader range of beneficiaries, namely persons who have retired from the workforce. These individuals receive payments in the range of US$130 to US$1,200 per month. One area of social protection that has been exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic is the absence of unemployment insurance. Persons that became unemployed had to rely on savings or on one of the other social development services to meet their needs. The COVID-19 pandemic led to some challenges as it relates to the operations and implementation of social programmes. There also was the issue of reduced resources and in-person contacts as most of the budgeted expenditure/funding had to be re-assigned to the Ministry of Health and the national COVID-19 efforts. In-person field visits and assessments, client sessions contacts were impacted by measures put in place to control the speed of the virus such as curfews and social distancing. Notwithstanding, clients/beneficiaries and student out-reach in some instances were conducted using alternative means such as telephone, online, and other social media platforms. In some instances, individuals and households who were significantly impacted by financial constraints were provided with short term cash transfers and relief packages. The Government also continues to place focus on economic diversification and creating the enabling environment to expand industries and create additional jobs, including for women and youth. Bright Spots, Success Stories and Opportunities The Financial Inclusion and Empowerment Centre The Financial Inclusion and Empowerment Centre (FEC) is geared towards fostering financial independence for residents living at or below the poverty line. This programme’s main objective The 3 main social protection mechanisms in Antigua and Barbuda target specific vulnerable populations, including children, vulnerable women and men, youth, elderly and persons with disabilities and provide various short-term benefits (maternity, sickness, etc. 32 | Page is to assist financially vulnerable persons in society to become more self-reliant through the provision of free financial coaching or counselling. Training Opportunities for Youth The Ministry of Labour offers employment and training opportunities to unemployed youths. The One-Stop Employment Centre (OSEC) offers services ranging from job placements, training and referrals and an active Labour Market Programme which prepares young people for the workforce. The Home Advancement Programme for the Poor and Indigent The Home Advancement Programme for the Indigent (HAPI) started in 2016 and focuses on repairing homes of indigent or poor households. The main objective of the programme is to help the indigent population to have better access to decent and safe housing. Soup Kitchen The Soup Kitchen was opened in February 2019 in the capital city of St. John’s and serves to provide daily hot and healthy meals for the homeless or needy persons. Substance –Use Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Centre (SPARC) This centre assists vulnerable persons who also are substance abuse addicts and their families to access drug-specific counseling services and education programs. The centre was established to 33 | Page reduce demand and use of drugs and provides drug-specific counseling services, psychosocial support, referrals, and drug education programs. Strategies and Actions that will Accelerate the Achievement of Goal 1  Promulgate the National Social Protection Policy, Action Plan (draft) and Monitoring and Evaluation Framework.  Investigate the feasibility of unemployment insurance as part of the social protection architecture.  Development and implementation of shock responsive and adaptive social protection strategies within the context of a revised social protection policy and strategy. While the current policy framework targets specific vulnerable populations, including children, vulnerable women and men, youth, elderly and persons with disabilities and provide various short-term benefits (maternity, sickness, etc.), there is currently no contributory system in place that provides direct cash payments triggered by unemployment due to exogenous shocks, leaving a critical gap in coverage for those that lose their livelihoods as a result of these shocks or other similar circumstances.  Undertake a poverty assessment to enable the country to have a better sense of the extent of poverty and therefore be in a position to promulgate policy and strategies that are better targeted to serve the poor and achieve the targets as set out in SDG 1. This assessment will help determine the characteristics, extent, geographical concentration, severity and causes of poverty in the country.  Pursue the path to a green and blue economy as key to eradicating poverty, increasing employment, enhancing food security, managing water resources, and increasing energy conservation and efficiency.  Fostering greater collaboration among public policy makers, civil society, private sector and academics to develop appropriate solutions to effectively address poverty as well as to ensure that persons with disabilities are provided with the opportunities that would allow them to achieve their fullest potential.  With respect to persons with disabilities more specific emphasis needs to be placed on: access to adequate healthcare to ensure that persons with disabilities are aware of their health conditions and have access to quality free or affordable healthcare and rehabilitation services, access to accessible education by investing in additional support services including teacher training and transport services, employment in mainstream jobs ensuring that PWDs are provided with adaptive equipment and training so that they can be better aligned with the needs of the labour market.

Target National indicators (selected) Trend 1.1 TARGET: Eradicate extreme poverty 1.2 Risk of poverty (60 % of the median) Risk of poverty or social exclusion 1.3 Minimum income benefit rate 1.4 Significant material deprivation 1.5 Deaths attributed to disasters per 100,000 population National crisis and disaster management Source: Statistics Austria. 8-year trend 2010–2018 (if figures missing, at least 7-year trend) in 4 categories ( ) if there is a clear target (quantitative/normative); (part of the) indicator target achieved; calculation of trend not possible. More information about method￾ological questions can be found in the National Indicator Report 2020. Extreme poverty eradicated According to the current international definition, extreme poverty refers to the proportion of people living on less than USD 1.90 per day. The number of people affected in Austria is below the statistical detection limit. Austria has thus achieved the target of eradicating extreme poverty. Mapping the rights of the child in the SDGs By mapping the rights of the child in the SDGs, UNICEF Austria and its partner institutions are helping to deliver all SDGs – and to tackle child poverty in particular. The mapping highlights the numerous links between the SDGs and the rights of the child at a glance. This enables government, business and civil society initiatives to be reviewed and managed accordingly. Mapping the rights of the child in the SDGs is a par￾ticularly effective way to fulfil the commit￾ment to ‘leave no one behind’. Goal 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere In Austria, extreme poverty has been eradicated. Austria is successfully tackling poverty: The rate of people at risk of poverty and social exclusion fell from 18.9 % in 2010 to 17.5 % in 2018. As an annual average for 2018, 2.5 % of the population received minimum income benefit (Mindestsicherung). The figure has recently decreased. There is significantly less poverty in Austria compared to the EU Member State average. 55 Risk of poverty decreasing The Europe 2020 strategy measures poverty using the indicator of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion (cf. the European Commission’s Europe 2020 strategy). Austria made a commitment to reduce the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion by 235,000 between 2008 and 2018 (cf. Federal Chancellery 2019). 80 % of this target was achieved: The proportion of the population at risk of poverty or social exclusion fell from 20.6 % in 2008 to 17.5 % in 2018. In absolute terms, this represents a reduction of around 187,000 people. Com￾pared with the proportion of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion in other EU countries, Austria was well below the EU-28 average of 21.9 %. The ‘at risk of poverty or social exclusion’ indicator, which has a binding EU-wide definition, covers risk situ￾ations relating to work (‘people living in households with very low work intensity’), income (‘at risk of poverty’) or constraints on consumption (‘severe material deprivation’). Analysis for Austria shows that there was a particularly significant reduction in the proportion of severely mate￾rially deprived people, from 4.3 % (2010) to 2.8 % (2018). This represents a decrease of 110,000 people, which indicates a strong positive trend. Well-developed social benefits As an annual average for 2018, the proportion of the population receiving minimum income benefit was 2.5% (2017: 2.7 %). Receipt of minimum income benefit, which had been increasing annually since it was introduced, fell for the first time recently. Overall, there were more female (51 %) than male (49 %) recipients. The number of people receiving unemployment benefit and emergency assistance (Notstandshilfe) as a percentage of the average total number of unemployed people was 90 % over the whole observation period, compared to 87.9 % in 2018. Austria is continuing to refine its well-developed range of instruments to combat poverty among specific target groups, increasing pension transparency to ensure eco￾Austria is successfully tackling poverty: The rate of people at risk of poverty and social exclusion fell from 18.9 % in 2010 to 17.5 % in 2018. 56 nomic independence in old age, for example, and support￾ing women affected by violence to improve their integra￾tion in the labour market (see ‘Empowerment of women affected by violence’). Austria is also effectively implementing systems to tackle poverty at an international level, for example by providing training programmes and business development loans to strengthen rural municipalities in Kosovo (see ‘Strengthening rural municipalities in Kosovo’). Fewer deaths attributed to disasters The indicator for deaths attributed to disasters also showed a decline in recent years from 0.8 (age-stand￾ardised rate per 100,000 population) to 0.2 in 2018 (also see SDGs 11 and 13). In Austria, a national crisis and disaster management system is in place. Required access to basic services and control over land with the relevant legal documents (entry in the land register) are also guaranteed in Austria. Empowerment of women affected by violence Aimed at the economic and social empowerment of women in Upper Austria affected by violence, the ‘Perspektive: Arbeit’ (Prospect: Employment) project launched by the Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection made a tangible contribution to tackling poverty among women between 2015 and 2018. This social impact bond project provides advice and assistance to support women in labour market integration, obtaining qualifications, and education and training. The initiative consistently embraces the principle of ‘leaving no one behind’. It is also helping to achieve the goals of gender equality and reducing inequalities. Following an extremely successful pilot phase with over 300 participants and a 75 % success rate, the project is being extended to other Federal States. Strengthening rural municipalities in Kosovo The Federal Ministry for European and Inter￾national Affairs is making an effective and sustainable contribution to tackling poverty through its support of the Integrated Territo￾rial Development Project – Kosovo. Launched in 2017, the project supports farmers by offering specialised training and learning programmes. It helps around 300 micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and individuals to develop their business by pro￾viding loans and expertise. The project aims to create around 700 new jobs in total and to improve the living conditions of around 3,800 people. The goal of gender equality is also being systematically pursued during the implementation of the project. There is significantly less poverty in Austria compared to the EU Member State average. 57

36 GOAL 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere One of the first and most important SDGs is the elimination of all forms of poverty for all people around the world. The main objective of the policy implemented in Azerbaijan to achieve this goal is to bring poverty to the lowest possible level and to improve the welfare of all segments of the population by stepping up anti-poverty measures at all levels. Joining the Millennium Declaration in 2000, Azerbaijan has implemented comprehensive measures in the fight against poverty and achieved significant results. As a result of the adoption and implementation of a number of state programs, including the State Program on Poverty Reduction and Economic Development (SPPRED) and the State Program on Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development (SPPRSD), extreme poverty has been eliminated, the absolute poverty rate has been significantly reduced, improvement of people's well-being has been achieved, social protection of socially vulnerable population groups has been strengthened. At present, measures are being taken to consolidate and further increase the achievements in this area. Poverty level and existing social protection system. Starting from 2001, the share of the population living below the national poverty line (49.0%) decreased 8.6 times standing at 4.9% in 2015, and extreme poverty in the country was eliminated in 2007 (extreme poverty, which was around 10.0% in 2001-2003, fell to 0.5% in 2006 and to less than 0.1% in 2007). During this period, the decline in the poverty level in the country took place against the background of raising the national poverty threshold (24 AZN in 2001, 135.6 AZN in 2015) on a regular basis, which attests to the greater importance of the achieved result. In 2016, poverty line was 148.5 AZN (increased by 9.4% compared to the previous year) and poverty level was 5.9% (increased by 1 percentage point compared to the previous year). The increase in the poverty level in the past year is due to the negative impact of a sharp decline in oil prices in the world market and, according to forecasts, will be temporary. In particular, it is expected that in the coming years its downward trend will be strengthened. Today, Azerbaijan is a country that has a social security system that covers quite broad categories of the population and is based on humanistic approaches to vulnerable groups of the population. An inclusive and targeted social protection system has been formed in the country that combines all elements characteristic of social protection. Over the past period, serious reforms have been carried out in this area and a number of steps have been taken to bring the social protection system in line with modern requirements. In accordance with the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population the Republic of Azerbaijan, 28.3% of the country's population (about 2.8 million people) receive various social payments from the state throughout the social protection system of Azerbaijan. Among these social payments, the major ones according to their shares are occupational pensions, targeted state social assistance, social benefits and pensions assigned by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In 2016, a total of 1085 persons were in full public care in social service institutions subordinated to the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Population (MLSPP). 1237 social workers provided social household services to 11590 lonely elderly people at home. In 2016, 7991 persons with disabilities (6097 persons in 2015) received treatment at disability rehabilitation centers and the Prosthetic Orthopedic Rehabilitation Center under the MLSPP. 15296 persons with disabilities were provided with 32764 VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW - AZERBAIJAN 37 units of prosthetic orthopedic products and rehabilitation means, including wheelchairs to 1124 persons, hearing aid to 665 persons with disabilities, as well as 2434 units of upper and lower extremity prostheses and orthoses, 4846 pairs of orthopedic shoes, and 23695 units of various rehabilitation means. Besides, the Prosthetic Orthopedic Rehabilitation Center provided itinerant services to about 1000 people in 41 districts of the country. Targeted social assistance system as the main driving force for poverty reduction. The targeted state social assistance (TSA) program has been applied in the country since 2006 as a passive social protection measure. As a social protection tool, TSA seeks to meet the minimum material needs of the poor and low-income segments of the population. According to average monthly estimates, 126.7 thousand families (540.2 thousand family members) were provided with targeted social assistance in 2016, which is 25.65 thousand families or 25.4% more with comparing 2015. On average, 48% of TSSA recipients are men, and 52% are women, 53.2% of those receiving TSSA were children under 18, about 1% were children with health restrictions, 0.27% were persons with disabilities, and 0.68% were recipients of the old￾age pension. In 2016, the average monthly amount of TSSA per family was 156.1 AZN, and the amount per one member of the family was 36.6 AZN. The funds allocated to finance the TSSA program in the country have also increased significantly since the start of the program. In 2016, 237.3 million AZN were spent for these purposes, which is 6 times more in comprising of 2006. Poverty-preventing social benefit and pension system. According to MLSPP in 2016, around 7.3% of the country's population or 713.1 thousand persons were assigned and paid monthly or one-off social benefits. In 2016, 339.1 million AZN were spent to finance social benefits and pensions, which is 35.2 million AZN or 11.6% more than in 2015. Thanks to the reforms implemented in recent years, the creation of a modern and highly socially effective pension system has been achieved. Since 2006, a new, internationally proven, three-tier (consisting of basic, insurance and savings parts) occupational pension system has been in place. As a result of these reforms, a single state pension system, in which the functions in the fields of social insurance, individual accounting and pension provision complement each other, has been formed. The work of this system has been organized at the level of modern requirements and a mechanism has been created for opening individual accounts of insured persons, maintaining individual records of mandatory state social insurance fees paid on this account and determining the pension rights of citizens in value terms on the basis of data from this account. Strategy for eradicating poverty through creating decent jobs. Diversification of the economy, which is an important factor in long-term development, and the direction of oil strategy dividends towards ensuring the development of the non-oil sector and regions, is of particular importance for creating new job places and increasing employment opportunities that are essential in poverty reduction. Thanks to the revival of the non-oil sector over the past 13 years as a result of consistent state support, more than 1 million 600 thousand job places have been created in the country with the majority of them being permanent and in regions, The creation of new job places contributed to the growth of employment, and the employment rate in 2016 was 62.7%. In 2005, the unemployment rate was 7.3%, and it has been continuously dropping as a result of the measures carried out and constituted 5% in 2015. For women, this figure was 5.9%, and for men - 4.1%. The unemployment rate among the youths aged 15 to 24 fell to 13.4% (15.8% among women) in 2015 from 15.4% (16.2% among women) of 2005. The unemployment rate between 15-29 year olds was 9.6% (11.6% among women) in 2015. Social and economic policy that meets modern challenges. The government's social and economic policy aimed at the full satisfaction of the social needs of various categories of the population gives an impetus to the development of the human factor as a whole. As shown in the structure of the state budget expenditures of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Table 6.1), special attention is paid to the problems of people unable to work and earn income for objective reasons. Thus, the share of spending on social and cultural events in the state budget expenditures shows upward trend and has reached 32.6% in 2016, an increase of 7.6 percentage points compared to 2015. VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW - AZERBAIJAN 38 Table 6.1. Structure of state budget expenditures, in million AZN Indicators 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 State budget expenditures - total 11,765.9 15,397.5 17,416.5 19,143.5 18,709.0 17,784.5 17,751.3 including: on social and cultural events 2,901.4 3,447.2 4,072.9 4,081.8 4,484.4 4,442.9 5,789.6 of them: Education 1,180.8 1,268.5 1,453.2 1,437.7 1,553.9 1,605.1 1,754.4 Healthcare 429.2 493.4 609.4 618.9 665.3 708.2 702.5 Social protection and social security 1,123.0 1,495.4 1,769.5 1,750.3 1,971.2 1,857.2 2,645.3 Culture, art, information, physical education and activities in a field not related to other categories 168.4 189.9 240.8 274.9 294.0 272.4 687.4 Source: Ministry of Finance Along with providing the necessary assistance to free market economic relations, free competition, private ownership and the development of entrep￾reneurship, the government also does not forget about the layer of society in need of care and sup￾port. Over the 13 years, more than 3 thousand schools and more than 600 medical facilities have been built or undergone major repairs in our country, and more than 250 thousand internally displaced persons have been provided with housing in more than 90 newly built settlements. The litera￾cy rate in the country is 100%. The main duty of the state in the field of protection of social and economic rights is the implementation of progressive economic and social reforms, ensuring the participation of every citizen in the process of economic development and creating the conditions for everyone to fairly use the available potential in accordance with their skills and abilities. This is, because of the econo￾mic policy of the Government of Azerbaijan is socially oriented and is based on the best practices of the world states that have developed through a socially oriented market economy. Every year, attention to the social sphere increases even more, which leads to an increase in the well-being of citizens. Reforms carried out to develop the non-oil sector and entrepreneurship and launch new enterprises have made it possible to reduce poverty, increase the economic activity of the able-bodied popula￾tion, and ensure the effectiveness of the country's employment strategy. The share of spending on education, healthcare and social protection and security in the total state expenditures shows upward trend. The share of these spending in total state budget expenditures has reached 28.76% in 2016, an increase of 5.31 percentage points compared to 2015. The ratio of these spending to the GDP also shows upward trend and has reached 8.5% in 2016, an increase of 0.8 percentage points compared to 2015. In 2016, 1754.4 million AZN was spent from the state bud￾get for education, 702.5 million AZN for health￾care and 2645.2 million AZN for social protection and social security. The fact that the policy imple￾mented in the country is socially oriented suggests a further increase in social spending in the future. Strategic goals in the field of poverty reduction. As a result of the studies conducted, it can be concluded that the following can be attribu￾ted to strategic directions for poverty reduction in Azerbaijan for the period until 2030: - Increasing flexibility in the social protection system; - Enhancing the role of active social protection measures, especially employment in the social protection system; - Expanding coverage, increasing targetedness, and ensuring full equity in the social protection system; - Expanding access to social services, maximizing the automation of social services and providing them to the population in the form of electronic services; - Improvement of the pension system; - Achieving current, medium-term and long-term financial sustainability of the pension system; - Ensuring that pension provision ensures social 39 protection and a decent standard of living for citizens; - Application of the voluntary savings component of occupational pensions in real practice and pre - paration of the basis for the formation and deve - lopment of non -state pension institutions; - Unification of social benefits systems; - Strengthening social protection of the population, especially vulnerable groups, and their social integration; - Improvement of the quality and targetedness of social services; - Implementing employment -oriented macroecono - mic policies and supporting small and medium - sized enterprises in order to ensure stability in the labor market and expand decent work opportuni - ties; - Improvement of the legislative framework and institutional structure to improve labor market efficiency and ensure the implementation of flexible policies; - Development of skills of the workforce, reorgani - zation of the professional development system and adaptation of personnel training to the labor market requirements with the aim of increasing workforce competitiveness and labor productivi - ty; - Expanding the scope of active labor market measures and increasing their effectiveness in order to ensure inclusive employment; - Strengthening the integration of population groups that are socially vulnerable to the labor market; - Development of social dialog, strengthening of labor standards and reduction of informal labor relations in order to strengthen the social protec - tion of the unemployed, job -seeking and emp - loyed population; - Formation of an unemployment insurance system; - Developing the labor market monitoring and forecasting system in order to improve the efficiency of the labor market and employment policy.

56 Third Voluntary National Review of the Republic of Azerbaijan This goal aims to eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, reduce at least by half the proportion of the population living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national defini￾tions, implement nationally appropriate social protection measures for all and achieve the the substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable by 2030. 1.1. By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than USD 1.25 a day. 1.1.1. Proportion of population below the international poverty line, by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural). The ‘international poverty line’ is cur￾rently USD 1.90 a day. The proportion of the population living below the inter￾national poverty line in the Republic of Azerbaijan has been 0% since 2015. 1.2. By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions. PROGRESS IN 5 THEMATIC GOALS GOAL 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere. Third Voluntary National Review of the Republic of Azerbaijan 57 In accordance with the Millennium Declaration, Azerbaijan has imple￾mented comprehensive measures in the fight against poverty and has achieved significant results. Following the implementation of a number of State programmes, including the State programmes on poverty reduction and economic development, the poverty rate has been significantly reduced, the overall well-being of people has been improved, and the social protec￾tion of vulnerable population has been strengthened. 1.2.1. Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age. The proportion of the country’s popu￾lation living below the national poverty line decreased from 4.9% in 2015 to 4.8% in 2019 (4.7% for men, and 5% for women), with 4.5% in urban areas and 5.2% in rural areas. Overall, the decline in the proportion of the population living below the national poverty line between 2010 and 2019 at the current pace is considered a positive trend. 1.3. Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and mea￾sures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable. 1.3.1. Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unem￾ployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, new￾borns, work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable. The Targeted State Social Assistance (TSSA) programme has been applied in the country since 2006 as a passive social protection measure. As a social protection tool, the TSSA seeks to meet the minimum financial needs of PROGRESS IN THEMATIC GOALS 5 58 Third Voluntary National Review of the Republic of Azerbaijan the poor and low-income segments of the population. This social programme plays a special role in improving the welfare of this group of families, and in solving their social and financial prob￾lems. The purpose of the TSSA is to provide financial assistance to low-in￾come families in accordance with their income with a view to improving their social welfare. The amount of assis￾tance is calculated as the di!erence between the average monthly income of the family and the sum of the needs criterion for each family member. The level of the needs criterion for 2020 was set at AZN 160, and the subsis￾tence minimum in the country was set at AZN 190. In 2021, these figures were set at AZN 170 and AZN 196, respec￾tively. Over the past period, the needs criterion and the subsistence minimum in the country have been steadily in￾creased. Compared to 2006, the needs criterion in 2020 has increased by 5.3 times, and the subsistence minimum in the country has increased by 3.3 times. In 2020, 76,827 families with 322,078 family members received TSSA. Thus, the average monthly amount of TSA per family was AZN 240, and the average monthly amount per person was AZN 57.2. 53.3% (or 171,796 people) of family members receiving TSSA are women, 46.7% (or 150,282 people) are men, 54% (or 173,763 people) are children un￾der 18 years of age. A number of amendments were made to the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Targeted State Social Assistance in 2020 with a view to facilitating the shift from unsustainable passive social security measures to sustainable active labour market measures by providing support to people from low-income families to create and develop their own businesses in line with their capac￾ities or to increase their income through self-employment. In 2020, the State Social Protection Fund paid social benefits to a total of 488,000 people or 5.1% of the popu￾lation (398,000 people or 4.1% of the population received monthly benefits, while 90,000 people or 0.9% received a lump-sum allowance), and the presi￾PROGRESS IN 5 THEMATIC GOALS 59 dental benefits were paid to 276,000 people or 2.9% of the population. In total, 83,700 people were entitled, through an electronic system, to re￾ceive social benefits. 54.7% (or 214,400 people) of those receiving monthly so￾cial benefits were women, while 45.3% (or 177,400 people) were men. Social benefits are awarded to those who are not entitled to a retirement pension, and are intended to meet a minimum standard of living or to meet their spe￾cific needs in a certain area. In accordance with the “Program of social protection and rehabilitation of persons with disabilities”, and with a view to improving the living conditions of citizens, 2,783 vulnerable people in 2019, and 4,943 vulnerable people in 2020 were provided with lump sum financial assistance. In order to strengthen the social pro￾tection of the population, the amounts of social benefits assigned to many categories of the population have been significantly increased since 1 April 2019 by the decrees and orders of the President of the Republic of Azerbai￾jan, dated April 15, 2019. Specifically, the old-age pension was increased from AZN 73 to AZN 130; the disability pension from AZN 82 to AZN 150 for a level I disability, from AZN 61 to AZN 130 for a level II disability, and from AZN 52 to AZN 110 for a level III disability; and the disability pension for children under the age of 18 from AZN 82 to AZN 150. The allowance for the loss of the family head from AZN 68 to AZN 80; allowance for guardians (caretakers) of orphans and children deprived of parental care from AZN 61 to AZN 100; allowance for children of active-duty military servicement from AZN 68 to AZN 100; allowance for women with more than five children from AZN 33 to AZN 55 per child; childbirth allowance from AZN 109 to AZN 200; and funeral allowance from AZN 146 to AZN 300. In addition, the amounts of presidental benefits have been increased for some categories of people, and a number of new pensions have been established. With the aim of stimulating the adoption of children deprived of parental care, a new type of monthly social allowance (allowance for an adopted child, and allowance for an adopted child under 18 years of age with disabilities) was es￾tablished by the relevant decrees of the President of the Republic of Azerbai￾jan dated October 6, 2020. A monthly allowance of AZN 160 was determined for each adopted child aged 3 to 18 deprived of parental care, and AZN 480 per month for each adopted child with disabilities. Unemployment benefit and unemployment insurance4 Calculations show that the number of unemployed people registered by the local o"ces of the State Employment Agency increased by 52,395 people (32,897 men, 19,498 women) between 2015 and 2019. The number of recip￾ients of the unemployment insurance payment had decreased by 1,003 to 540 people by the end of 2019 (52.4% men and 47.6% women). By the begin￾ning of 2020, of the 81,272 unemployed people registered by the local o"ces of the State Employment Agency, 62.3% were men and 37.7% were women. PROGRESS IN THEMATIC GOALS 5 4 Unemployment benefit was provided in 2015-2017, and under the new legislation, unemployment insurance has been awarded since 2018 . Data for 2015-2017 reflects the number of people registered as unemployed by the offices of the State Employment Service. Data for 2010-2017 reflects the number of recipients of unemployment benefit. To calculate the proportion of the recipients of the unemployment insurance payment, the number of recipients is divided by the total number of the unemployed registered with the local offices of the State Employment Agency and multiplied by 100. 60 Third Voluntary National Review of the Republic of Azerbaijan When the number of recipients of the unemployment insurance payment are disaggregated by age, in 2019 only 7.8% (42 people) were aged 15-29 years old, while 92.2% (498 people) were aged 30 and above. When dis￾aggregated by economic region, the highest proportion of recipients of the unemployment insurance payment in 2019 was found in Baku (1.25%). 1.4. By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to eco￾nomic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appro￾priate new technology and financial services, including microfinance. With the aim of supporting the initiative of the President of the Republic of Azer￾baijan on sharing social responsibility, through the provision of support by national banks to facilitate the self-em￾ployment of the vulnerable population, the Ministry of Labour and Social Pro￾tection, the Central Bank of the Repub￾lic of Azerbaijan and the Azerbaijan Banks Association signed a Memoran￾dum of Understanding. Activities are now being implemented by 21 banks to promote self-employment. In accordance with the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers No. 330 of December 30, 2012 on the approval of the “Rules for the award of public contracts in the field of social services to municipalities, individuals and legal entities, including non-governmen￾tal organizations”, in 2019 224 social service projects were implemented by 73 non-governmental organizations, benefitting approximately 9,000 peo￾ple. The services provided related to ensuring accessibility of social services for vulnerable children and families, providing equal opportunities for chil￾dren with disabilities and ensuring their social and psychological rehabilitation and social inclusion. In 2020, 132 social service projects were implemented by 57 non-governmental organizations and 14,021 people benefited from the ser￾vices provided. PROGRESS IN 5 THEMATIC GOALS Third Voluntary National Review of the Republic of Azerbaijan 61 Also, under the order of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan “On addition￾al measures to improve the social and living conditions of persons with disabil￾ities and martyrs’ families associated with the protection of the territorial in￾tegrity, independence and constitutional order of the Republic of Azerbaijan”, housing was provided for 934 martyrs’ families and persons with disabilities in 2019, and 1,571 (of which 68 were pro￾vided by a social partner) in 2020. Addi￾tionally, in accordance with the Cabinet of Ministers resolution regarding the provision of automobiles and motorized wheelchairs to persons with disabilities with the medical entitlement for a spe￾cific vehicle, 600 people were given cars in 2019 and 400 in 2020. 1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vul￾nerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters. 1.5.1 Number of deaths, missing per￾sons and persons a!ected by disaster, per 100,000 people. According to the administrative data of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the number of deaths, missing persons and people directly a!ected by disas￾ters, per 100,000 population, increased from 13.9 in 2015 to 24.6 in 2016, but decreased in subsequent years. In 2019, the number of deaths, missing persons and people directly a!ected by disasters, per 100,000 population, fell to its lowest level in four years. 1.5.3 Number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strate￾gies. The United Nations O"ce for Disaster Risk Reduction recommends the es￾tablishment of a coordination group to implement a National Strategy to sys￾tematize all data relating to the Sendai Framework Monitoring Platform. The relevant government agencies in Azer￾baijan are currently setting up a Nation￾al Strategy Coordination Group which will compile the necessary information for the national strategy. PROGRESS IN THEMATIC GOALS 5 62 Third Voluntary National Review of the Republic of Azerbaijan 1.a. Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced develop￾ment cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to imple￾ment programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions. With a view to ensuring the social ser￾vice system in Azerbaijan meets the re￾quirements of the vulnerable population of the country to the maximum extent, the Ministry of Labour and Social Pro￾tection drafted the 2021-2027 National Strategy for the Development of Social Services in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Strategy defines the national poli￾cy for building a social service system through the implementation of activ￾ities such as improving the quality of social services available for vulnerable groups, strengthening human resourc￾es, improving the existing legal frame￾work, developing relevant standards and norms, strengthening the logistical capacity and expanding the network of social service institutions, and applying international experience and innovative technologies. 1.a.2. Proportion of total government spending on essential services (educa￾tion, health and social protection). Compared to 2015, the proportion of expenditures on essential services in total government spending decreased by 1.54% in 2019 to 21.91%. Neverthe￾less, the volume of essential services increased by 1.28 times in value terms during that period. Expenditures on ed￾ucation increased from AZE 1.6 billion to AZE 2.2 billion health care expendi￾tures increased from AZN 708.2 million to AZN 873.6 million, and social protec￾tion and social security expenditures increased from AZN 1.85 billion to AZN 2.3 billion. PROGRESS IN 5 THEMATIC GOALS

77 SDG 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere The first indicator chosen for this goal refers to the population in Belgium facing a risk of poverty or social exclusion. This population finds itself in at least one of the following conditions: suffering income poverty, being severely materially deprived or living in house￾holds with very low work intensity. This composite indicator is defined at the EU level and is used to define national poverty reduction targets in the EU 2020 strategy. However, this indicator does not capture all aspects of poverty or social exclusion, nor their severity. Therefore, the second indicator covers one issue related to income poverty, i.e. over-indebtedness or, more precisely, the population in Belgium with a collective debt settlement according to national law. UN-Target: 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions. UNSTAT-Indicator: 1.2.2 Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions. NVR-Indicator Risk of poverty or social exclusion: percentage of total population. 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 2016 Chart 1. Risk of poverty or social exclusion Percentage of total population Belgium Source: Statistics Belgium, Eurostat (SILC) EU-28 Objective 2030 Definition: population at risk of poverty or social exclusion, as a percentage of the total population. This population is at least in one of the following conditions: at-risk-of-poverty after social transfers (income poverty), severely materially deprived or living in households with very low work intensity. Objective: assuming target 1.2 applies equally to each country, this indicator should decrease from 21.1% in 2015 to 10.6% in 2030. Disaggregations: sex, age, household type, activity status, in￾come. Source: Statistics Belgium; Eurostat (2016), European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), codes ilc_peps01, ilc_peps02, ilc_peps03 (last consulted 15/5/2017). UN-Target: 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance. UNSTAT-Indicator: 1.4.1 Proportion of population living in households with access to basic services. NVR-Indicator Over-indebtedness of households: thousand persons with collective debt settlement. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 2016 Chart 2. Over-indebtedness of households Thousand persons with collective debt settlement Belgium Source: National Bank of Belgium Definition: persons who are confronted to an excessive debt burden or severe financial difficulties can ask the Central Individual Credit Register of the National Bank of Belgium for a collective debt settlement. This indicator measures the numbers of running procedures. Objective: to be consistent with target 1.4, this indicator should decrease. Disaggregations: sex, age. Source: NBB (2017), Centrale de crédits aux particuliers. Statis￾tiques 2016 (as well as Statistiques 2014 and Statistiques 2015). Brussels: National Bank of Belgium; NBB (2016), Direct com￾munication for the data 2007-2009 (5/5/2015).

SDG 1/ NO POVERTY SDG 1/ NO POVERTY - 28 - SDG1 NO POVERTY End poverty in all its forms everywhere SDG Indicator Unit Objectve Assessment i01. Risk of poverty or social exclusion % 10.8 i02. Very low work intensity % i05. Over-indebtedness of households % o Since the Voluntary Natonal Review in 2017, the various governments in Belgium have made new ac￾ton plans to tackle poverty, with various emphases, such as child poverty, educaton and employment. The energy crisis and COVID-19 have also prompted specifc actons. The various politcal levels have revived the Inter￾ministerial Conference on Social Integraton, Hous￾ing and Urban Policy. The work contnues within this context, namely to identfy synergies in the fght against poverty and to update methods of coopera￾ton in tackling homelessness. NON-TAKE-UP AND VULNERABILITY Potental benefciaries of social services or benefts are not always aware of their rights, sometmes do not have the refex to claim them, or do not know how to. This is the challenge of Non-Take-Up. The Fourth Federal Plan for Tackling Poverty and Inequality was adopted in 2022. It provides actons around four themes: early detecton of poverty, access to sustainable work as a lever in tackling poverty, empowerment and inclusion of all, and a campaign on the European social agenda. Under this plan, specifc measures will be taken to strengthen access to social rights, tackle non-take-up and foster the automaton of rights. Flanders contnues to fght various forms of poverty and actvely pursues poverty reducton and the pre￾venton of social exclusion. Poverty reducton has been a cross-cutng policy theme in Flanders since 2003. All policy areas take structural measures to prevent and tackle poverty. For example, eforts are made on various poverty factors such as access to the labour market, emancipaton and employment of women with a migraton background and educa￾ton, among others. In additon, e-inclusive digital￾isaton, inclusive entrepreneurship, social protec￾ton, beter public services, energy and water, and mobility have also become increasingly important in countering poverty risk. Furthermore, the Flemish government is commited to helping people become self-reliant and addressing the structural causes of poverty. Since 2019, Flemish policy domains have been required to apply the Poverty Test when draf￾ing policy, in order to evaluate the potental impact of the policies on vulnerable groups. The Flemish Acton Plan for Tackling Poverty 2020-2024 came about during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the directng role of local governments, partcipatory power-oriented policies, result-oriented monitoring and civic solidarity as guiding principles. The Walloon Plan to End Poverty (Plan Wallon de Sorte de la Pauvreté), adopted in 2021, is based on 3 strands: social and labour inclusion, access to well-being and access to housing, in partcular SDG 1/ NO POVERTY - 29 - through a coordinated Walloon strategy to get peo￾ple out of homelessness. The government of the French Community adopted a plan to tackle poverty and reduce social inequal￾ites 2020-2025. The emphasis is on enhancing the expertse in the fght against poverty and reducing social inequality, accessibility of services and pre￾ventng vulnerability. The REK-III project Together Against Poverty, of the German-speaking Community, focuses on the goal of ending all forms of poverty (2020-2025). In 2022, the Government of the Brussels-Capital Region approved the frst integrated Brussels social health plan: Brussels Takes Care. The adop￾ton of a new Brussels Poverty Plan within Brussels Takes Care will set policies to prevent poverty and homelessness. CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE In early May 2022, Belgium submited its natonal acton plan relatng to the EU Child Guarantee to the European Commission. With the European Child Guarantee, EU member states, including Belgium, want more equal opportunites for vulnerable children. In 2019, just before the corona crisis, more than 22% (18 million) of children in Europe were at risk of poverty or social exclusion. This Belgian natonal acton plan is the result of a coordinated collaboraton between all responsible policy levels around children’s rights and the fght against pover￾ty, as well as civil society organisatons familiar with this issue. As such, Flanders has also joined the European Child Guarantee, in which children up to age 18 in vulnerable situatons receive a number of minimum guarantees, such as free access to educaton, care, housing, health care and at least one meal per school day (SDG 1.3). With various actons, Flan￾ders contributed to the Interfederal Acton Plan for the Child Guarantee (2022-2030). In additon, Flanders also ofers support through the Growth Package, the Flemish child allowance. There is also the Flemish Youth and Children’s Rights Policy Plan 2020-2024. The French Community has its Acton Plan on the Rights of the Child 2020-2024, which gives concrete form to the rights recognised in the Internaton￾al Conventon on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) through various measures. The plan is based on 9 strategic objectves. HOUSING/HOMELESSNESS The innovatve Housing First projects have been strengthened at the federal level. These are pro￾jects aimed at increasing the number of support routes for homeless people into housing. This project has also received support from the Europe￾an Recovery Plan to launch a call for projects more focused on young people. The Acton Plan to Prevent and Tackle Homelessness 2020-2024 is a complement to the Flemish Acton Plan to Tackle Poverty. It is an integrated policy plan that starts from the competences Housing and Welfare. To this end, there is collaboraton with the Platorm on Homelessness, which consists of civil society, agencies and supportng Flemish policy bodies. To increase the supply of public housing, the Brussels-Capital Region is rolling out a sustainable renovaton of the housing stock and is aiming for 6,400 additonal homes. An emergency plan for social housing policy ofers a concrete soluton for 15,000 households on the waitng list for social housing. A homelessness ordinance structurally links the agencies for acute (emergency) homeless￾ness and rehousing services, and strengthens night shelter capacity. In additon, a substantal budget has been set aside in the context of the recovery and redevelopment plan to implement structural rehousing solutons for homeless individuals and families temporarily housed in emergency arrange￾ments in the wake of COVID-19. Finally, in terms of individualised support for each person and every family, psychosocial operators (especially Hous￾ing First and assisted living services) have been strengthened. SDG 1/ NO POVERTY - 30 - CULTURE The cultural policy of the French Community has a special focus for vulnerable groups. A series of (support) measures encourages their cultural ex￾pression, partcipaton in civic and cultural life and exercising cultural rights. The Flemish Community is also commited to the cultural partcipaton of disadvantaged groups through a range of measures. INTERNATIONAL ACTIONS The various governments actvely partcipate in the achievement of SDG 1 through special support for the constructon and development of universal social protecton systems, which are one of the priorites of its development cooperaton policy. Some examples: • Set up in 2018, the Belgian Dialogue Universal Social Protecton 2030 network ofers a space for permanent dialogue for all Belgian actors involved in social protecton and development cooperaton. The network has organised two major conferences (2020 and 2022); • Enabel, the Belgian development cooperaton agency, has developed a thematc portolio on social protecton. Enabel supports the introducton of universal health insurance in several African countries; • The Internatonal Labour Organizaton remains an important strategic partner through non-earmarked mult-year funding. In additon, since 2020, Belgium has been providing fnancial support to the Flagship Programme Social Protecton Floors, which focuses on several sub-Saharan African countries; • For the Flemish Strategy Papers on Devel￾opment Cooperaton with Mozambique and Malawi, Flanders has budgeted €25 million for each of the two countries, for each imple￾mentaton period of 5 years. CHALLENGES In response to the COVID-19 crisis, the various governments set up working groups with diferent topics within their competencies, for example, the federal government set up a working group in 2020 to regularly monitor and report on the socio￾economic impact. This working group organised a seminar in October 2022 to take stock of the en￾ergy crisis. In Flanders, a Task Force on Vulnerable Families was set up during the COVID-19 pandemic, among other things. Specifcally for children and young people, Flanders rolled out the Acton Plan for Generaton Resilience in 2020. Despite the existng support schemes, the risk of poverty or social exclusion looms over a large number of households (almost one person in fve in Belgium). 2,144,000 Belgians, or 18.7% of the populaton, are at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE). This is what emerged from the poverty fgures for 2022 based on surveys of income and living conditons (EU-SILC). 13.2% of Belgians live in a household with a total disposable income lower than the poverty line, which is 1,366 euros per month for a single person. They are considered at risk of monetary poverty (AROP). Furthermore, 11.5% of the populaton live in a household with low work intensity (LWI). 5.8% of the Belgian populaton was facing severe material and social deprivaton (SMSD) in 2022. Behind the natonal fgures lie regional diferences. For each of the key indicators, the situaton is most precarious in the Brussels-Capital Region and least so in Flanders. The Walloon Region lies between the two, but has higher levels of poverty than the natonal level. More details are available in the statstcal annex. In a context of rising prices for basic goods, such as energy and food, poverty reducton and inequality must remain a priority.

ODD 1 « Pas de pauvreté » 67. La pauvreté monétaire est moins intense au Bénin mais en hausse de 2011 à 2015 passant de 36,2% à 40,1%. Seulement 3,3% de la population ont bénéficié au moins une fois d’une assistance sociale ou d’une assurance sociale en 2015 selon l’Enquête Modulaire Intégrée sur les Conditions de Vie des ménages (EMICoV). La proportion de la population ayant accès aux services sociaux de base n’est que de 24,3% en 2018 (Enquête Démographique et de Santé (EDS) couvrant la période 2017- 2018) contre 25,4% en 2014. 68. Conscient du niveau relativement faible des indicateurs, le Gouvernement du Bénin a pris d’importantes mesures pour inverser la tendance. Au nombre de celles￾ci, on peut citer la création par décret n° 2019-008 du 09 janvier 2019, de l’Agence Nationale de Protection Sociale qui est chargée, entre autres, d’assurer la gestion opérationnelle, la supervision générale de l’Assurance pour le Renforcement du Capital Humain (ARCH) en s’appuyant sur ses antennes départementales et cellules communales. A travers cette initiative, le Gouvernement vise à fournir quatre (4) services à savoir : l’Assurance Maladie, la formation, le microcrédit et la retraite. La mise en œuvre de la phase pilote du projet dans sept (7) communes, à travers : (i) le démarrage effectif de deux services sur les quatre à savoir l’assurance maladie et l’accès aux crédits, a permis de prendre en charge 2551 malades à la date du 9 février 2020. Concernant le renforcement des services sociaux de base, les centres de promotion sociale (CPS) sont mis aux normes, ainsi que le renforcement de capacités des agents sociaux qui y travaillent. Pour les personnes en situation de handicap, 2600 enfants ont bénéficié, durant les 4 dernières années, de réadaptation et 500 personnes d’appuis en vivres. Quant aux personnes du troisième âge quatre mille (4000) ont bénéficié de consultation gratuite ; six cents (600) ont bénéficié des opérations chirurgicales gratuites. Elles bénéficient également des Centres d’Intégration et d’Epanouissement des Personnes Âgées (CIEPA), équipés suivant les normes et standards internationaux pour leur épanouissement dans plusieurs localités du pays. 69. Par ailleurs, le Gouvernement a pris l’initiative de récupérer les malades mentaux de la ville de Cotonou et de l’étendre aux autres localités. Pour ce faire, soixante (60) personnes malades mentales ont été transportées vers les centres psychiatriques. Actuellement il est noté l’amélioration notable de l’état de santé de 80% parmi elles. 70. Les autres réformes en cours concernent (i) la finance digitale à travers la mise en œuvre progressive du programme de Micro Crédit Mobile ; (ii) la dynamisation de l'administration foncière ; (iii) la mise en place d'un Système de Gestion des Plaintes et du Contentieux (SGPC) ; (iv) la définition d’un nouveau mécanisme d’assistance aux groupes vulnérables ; (v) l’élaboration d’une politique holistique de protection sociale qui permet d’intensifier les mesures en faveur des groupes les plus vulnérables, de renforcer le système d’assurance sociale et d’améliorer le cadre législatif et réglementaire de la protection sociale au Bénin et (vi) la mise en œuvre du Projet de Services Décentralisés Conduits par les Communautés (PSDCC). Il s’agit d’un programme pilote “filets sociaux” qui vise à lutter contre la pauvreté en offrant aux populations l’accès aux services sociaux et ainsi lutter contre la pauvreté. L’effectif des bénéficiaires est estimé à environ 13 000 ménages répartis sur 15 villages dans 12 communes du Bénin. Les ménages ciblés ont bénéficié des transferts monétaires inconditionnels couplés de transferts monétaires conditionnels pour ceux qui sont en mesure d'effectuer des travaux mobilisateurs d'intérêt collectif.

19 ODD 1 : ELIMINER LA PAUVRETE SOUS TOUTES SES FORMES Au Burkina Faso, la réduction de la pauvreté est une priorité fondamentale dans les différentes politiques de développement qui ont été mises en œuvre depuis 2000. Avec le PNDES, l’ambition du Gouvernement est la réduction de la pauvreté en mettant un accent sur le développement du capital humain (axe2) et une dynamisation des secteurs porteurs pour l'économie et les emplois (Axe 3). Pour se donner les chances d’atteindre les objectifs fixés dans le PNDES, le Gouvernement a adopté des politiques sectorielles dont la politique sectorielle agro-sylvo- pastorale, la politique sectorielle travail, emploi et protection sociale , la politique sectorielle transformation industrielle et artisanale , qui participent beaucoup plus à la réduction de la pauvreté. Outre les politiques, plusieurs projets et programmes de développement ont été exécutés ou sont en cours d’exécution avec pour objectif contribuer à la réduction de la pauvreté sur toutes ses formes. Il s’agit notamment : du Programme d’appui à la transformation de l’économie et à la création d’emploi (PATECE), du Programme national du secteur rural (PNSR), du projet filets sociaux ‘‘Burkin naong sa ya4 ’’, du projet d'appui à la formation professionnelle, à l'emploi et à l'entreprenariat des personnes handicapées au Burkina Faso, du Programme spécial de création d'emplois pour les jeunes et les femmes (PSCE/JF (Phase 2 -2015-2018, du Programme augmentation de revenus et promotion de l'emploi décent en faveur des femmes et des jeunes (PARPED), du Projet emploi jeunes et développement des compétences (PEJDEC), du Projet de renforcement de la protection sociale (PRPS), du Programme national de volontariat Burkinabè (PNVB), du programme d’urgence au sahel (PUS), du Programme d’appui au développement local (PADEL) et du programme national de l’entreprenariat rural. En plus de ces projets et programmes, plusieurs fonds ont été créés et contribuent à la lutte contre la pauvreté. Il s'agit notamment du : Fonds d'appui aux activités rémunératrices des femmes (FAARF), Fonds d'appui aux initiatives des jeunes (FAIJ) , Fonds d'appui à la promotion de l'emploi (FAPE) , Fonds d'appui au secteur informel (FASI) et Fonds national des déflatés et retraités (FONA-DR). La contextualisation des cibles internationales ODD au Burkina Faso a conduit à retenir prioritairement à ce niveau les cibles 1.2 et 1.3. 4 Fin de la misère du Burkinabè Rapport National volontaire (RNV)2016-2018 20 Cible 1.2 : D’ici à 2030, réduire de moitié au moins la proportion d’hommes, de femmes et d’enfants de tout âge qui vivent dans la pauvreté, telle que définie par chaque pays et quelles qu’en soient les formes. Des efforts ont été faits pour minimiser la pauvreté car la proportion des personnes prioritaires à tirer vers le haut a diminué entre 2009 et 2014. Ainsi, l’incidence de la pauvreté nationale est à 40,1% selon l’EMC de 2014 contre 46,7% en 2009 soit une baisse de 6,6 points de pourcentage. Quant au taux d’extrême pauvreté, il est estimé à l’ordre de 6,7% en 2009 et à 3,3% en 2014 (dont 3,4% chez les hommes et 2,6% chez les femmes), soit un gain d’environ 3,4 points de pourcentage, traduisant ainsi le fait que les inégalités au sein des pauvres se sont réduites entre 2009 et 2014. Cette situation globale cache d’importantes disparités entre d’une part, le milieu urbain et le milieu rural, et d’autre part, entre les régions. En dépit de la baisse de la pauvreté en milieu urbain comme rural, il y a des écarts importants dans l’impact de la pauvreté en terme territorial. Dans les zones urbaines, le taux de pauvreté est passé de 25,2% en 2009 à 13,7% en 2014 tandis que dans les zones rurales, ce taux a évolué de 52,8% à 47,5% dans la même période. La région du centre qui abrite la capitale a un niveau de pauvreté inférieur à 10% et les régions à forte prédominance rurale affichent des taux de pauvreté supérieurs à 50%. Outre cet aspect, il faut noter que certaines régions ont plus enregistré une augmentation de la pauvreté. Graphique 1: Incidence de la pauvreté par région Source : Données EICVM 2009 et EMC 2014 L’analyse de la pauvreté selon la structure de l’âge indique que la pauvreté croit avec l’âge. En effet, les statistiques de l’enquête EMC 2014 indiquent que 20,4% des jeunes de 15-24 ans, 28,8% de ceux de 25-34 ans, 37,9% des individus de 35-44 ans, 40,5% des 45-54 ans, Rapport National volontaire (RNV)2016-2018 21 44,8% de personnes ayant un âge compris entre 55 et 64 ans et 51% des 65 ans et plus, sont pauvres. Des efforts restent à fournir pour réduire les disparités dans les sous-groupes particuliers de la population. Depuis 2016, le Burkina Faso, à travers le PNDES, poursuit la mise en œuvre des projets et programmes pour réduire davantage la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes. Ces projets sont orientés dans plusieurs domaines tels que l’emploi et la formation professionnelle, les infrastructures socio-économiques. Outre les actions de portée nationale, des actions spécifiques ont été initiées en faveur des populations vulnérables et des zones accusant un retard. Ainsi, des programmes et des fonds spéciaux ont été mis en place pour assurer l’autonomisation économique des femmes et des jeunes. Il s'agit notamment du : Fonds d'appui aux activités rémunératrices des femmes (FAARF), Fonds d'appui aux initiatives des jeunes (FAIJ), Fonds d'appui à la promotion de l'emploi (FAPE) , Fonds d'appui au secteur informel (FASI) et Fonds national des déflatés et retraités (FONA-DR). Pour les zones accusant un retard des programmes et des projets spécifiques ont été conçus afin de leur permettre de réduire le retard par rapport aux autres localités. Il s’agit du programme d’urgence au sahel (PUS), du programme d’appui au développement local (PADEL) et du programme national de l’entreprenariat rural. Cible 1.3 : Mettre en place des systèmes et mesures de protection soci ale pour tous, adaptes au contexte national, y compris des socles de protection sociale, et faire en sorte que, d’ici à 2030, une part importante des pauvres et des personnes vulnérables en bénéficient. Au Burkina Faso, d’importantes mesures ont été prises par le Gouvernement aux profits des populations et des couches les plus vulnérables. Les efforts déployés dans le domaine de la prise en charge des personnes vulnérables ont permis d’engranger des résultats. Dans le domaine de la protection et de la promotion des droits de l’enfant, le taux de prise en charge des enfants vulnérables identifiés était de 64,56% en 2017 et la prise en charge a consisté à la scolarisation et à leur prise en charge sanitaire, leur formation dans des filières professionnalisantes et une dotation en kit d’installation. Par ailleurs, en vue d’apporter une réponse efficace au phénomène des enfants et jeunes en situation de rue, un recensement a été organisé en 2016 et a permis de dénombrer 9 313 enfants dont 18,8% de filles (1 749). Aussi, une opération spéciale de retrait des enfants et femmes en situation de rue a été entamée courant 2018, et a permis le retrait 1 289 enfants et jeunes en situation de rue. Dans la dynamique de renforcer le système de protection de l’enfant des cadres de concertation des intervenants ont été mis en place : il s’agit du Groupe de travail pour la protection de l’enfant (GTPE) et des Réseaux de protection de l’enfant, de la Coalition au Burkina Faso pour les Droits de l’Enfant (COBUFADE), du Focus des organisations pour la réalisation de la CDE (FORCE) et de la Coalition des intervenants pour la protection des enfants en situation de rue. On peut également retenir la création de structures publiques d’encadrement des enfants en difficultés (Institut d’éducation et de formation professionnelle et Maison de l’enfance André Rapport National volontaire (RNV)2016-2018 22 Dupont de Orodara), la création de Centres de réinsertion des mineurs en conflit avec la loi (CERMICOL) pour la réinsertion des enfants en conflit avec la loi, la création de juridiction pour enfants afin de prendre en charge la question spécifique de l’enfant dans le domaine de la justice, l’existence de Brigades régionales pour la protection de l’enfant (BRPE) dans les deux grandes villes du pays (Ouagadougou et à Bobo-Dioulasso), la vulgarisation des textes relatifs aux droits des enfants, la mise en place d’un numéro vert pour permettre les dénonciations de cas de violences faites aux enfants et l’implication des enfants dans la prise de décisions les concernant à travers les bureaux de parlements des enfants. En ce qui concerne la protection et la promotion des droits des personnes âgées, la proportion de prise en charge a connu une amélioration significative de 2014 à 2017 en passant de 19,2% à 39,89% (Annuaire statistique 2017 de l’action sociale). Les principales actions ont consisté à l’adoption de la loi n°024 -2016/AN du 17 octobre 2016 portant protection et promotion des droits des personnes âgées, la mise en place du Conseil national des Personnes Agées (CNPA) et la création du Centre d’écoute, de soins et de loisirs pour Personnes Agées (CESLPA). A cela, s’ajoutent les appuis financiers aux profits des personnes âgées pour la réalisation des Activités génératrices de revenus (AGR). La proportion de la population de plus de 64 ans bénéficiant d'une pension de retraite est passée de 33,1% en 2015 à 37,3% en 2017, soit un taux d’accroissement de 12,69%. L’évolution croissant du nombre de travailleurs immatriculés à la CNSS et à la CARFO influence positivement la proportion de cette frange de la population couverte. Le nombre des immatriculés CNSS et CARFO est passé de 346 604 en 2015 à 571 564 en 2017 (annuaires statistiques de la CNSS et de la CARFO). Dans le domaine de la protection et la promotion des droits des personnes handicapées, la prise en charge de ce public cible a connu une hausse significative qui est passée de 23,63% en 2014 à 32 ,74% en 2017. Ce progrès a été possible grâce à l’adoption de la Loi N°2010- 012/AN portant protection et promotion des droits des personnes handicapées au Burkina Faso ainsi que de ses décrets d’application qui ont permis de leurs délivrer des cartes d’invalidité. Aussi, peut-on noter l’octroi de matériel spécifique et de mobilité aux personnes handicapées, l’ouverture des concours de la fonction publique aux personnes handicapées, la prise en charge intégrée des enfants handicapés grâce à l’appui de l’Unicef, le placement en formation professionnelle des jeunes handicapés et l’accompagnement des personnes handicapées dans l’élaboration de leurs microprojets économiques ainsi que leur financement. Au niveau de la prise en charge des personnes exclues, le taux s’est situé à 55,26% en 2017. Le souci d’éliminer le phénomène de l’exclusion sociale a nécessité des actions de sensibilisation dans toutes les provinces et communes sur les droits de l’homme et des communications autour de l’exclusion sociale. En outre, des mesures d’assistance ont été prises en vue de stabiliser des centaines de personnes exclues dans les centres et cours de solidarité. Ces centres et cours de solidarité ont aussi bénéficié d’appui financier pour le renforcement dans la prise en charge des pensionnaires. Les actions de médiations ont permis le retour de plusieurs personnes dans leur communauté d’origine avec des mesures d’accompagnement par des financements de leurs microprojets. Rapport National volontaire (RNV)2016-2018 23 Cette performance s’explique par les actions entreprises en matière de mutuelles sociales, de contrôle des établissements, du RAMU, de la réinsertion socio-économique des travailleurs déflatés et les retraités au moyen d’actions de sensibilisation, d’encadrement, de formation, de financement de leurs projets d’auto-emploi par le Fond national d’appui aux travailleurs , d’organisation des visites médicales annuelles au profit de 22 000 retraités et des conjoints survivants de retraités décédés de la CNSS et de la CARFO en 2016 et de 29 750 en 2017. Dans cette quête permanente du bien-être des populations notamment les couches les plus vulnérables, le Gouvernement a adopté la loi n°60-2015/CNT du 5 septembre 2015 portant régime d’assurance maladie universelle au Burkina Faso. Cette loi vise une couverture sanitaire de base pour tous les burkinabè à l’horizon 2027. Afin d’opérationnaliser le régime d’assurance maladie universelle, les actions suivantes ont été réalisées: une étude actuarielle et financière du RAMU, des études complémentaires dont un plan stratégique de développement d’une caisse d’assurance maladie ; des rencontres de concertation ont été organisées en 2017 entre l’Etat et les partenaires sociaux , les PTF autour des scénarii de financement et les schémas de mise en œuvre du RAMU; l’élaboration des différents outils de création, de gestion du régime d’Assurance maladie ; la disponibilité d’un calendrier d’opérationnalisation du régime, la création de la caisse nationale de l’assurance maladie universelle et la désignation d’un directeur général de la CNAMU. Les problèmes de calendrier et de ressources financières n’ont pas permis l’opérationnalisation de l’assurance maladie universelle en 2018. Toutefois, l’année 2019 marquera le début de la prise en charge d’une partie de la population, les fonctionnaires et les fonctionnaires retraités. A cela s’ajoutent la capitalisation et la poursuite de la gratuité des soins des enfants de 0 à 5 ans et les femmes enceintes initiés depuis 2016 par l’assurance maladie universelle.

42 Rapport national volontaire (2016-2022) Burkina Faso L’éradication de la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes a toujours constitué l’un des défis majeurs des différents référentiels de développement mis en œuvre : le Cadre stratégique de lutte contre la pauvreté (CSLP) 2001-2010, la Stratégie de croissance accélérée et de développement durable (SCADD) 2011-2015, le Plan national de développement économique et social (PNDES) 2016-2020 et récemment le PNDES II (2021-2025) opérationnalisé par le Plan d’action pour la stabilisation et le développement (PA-SD) 2023-2025. Réduire de moitié au moins la proportion d’hommes, de femmes et d’enfants de tous âges souffrant d’une forme ou l’autre de pauvreté, telle que définie par chaque pays Les différents référentiels nationaux de développement (CSLP, SCADD, PNDES, PNDES II) mis en œuvre ont permis de réduire la pauvreté. En effet, l’incidence de la pauvreté est passée de 48,6% en 2003 à 46,7% en 2009, puis à 40,1% en 2014 et 36,2% en 201822. Lorsqu’on se réfère aux résultats de l’Enquête harmonisée sur les conditions de vie des ménages (EHCVM) réalisée en 2018, l’incidence de la pauvreté est à 41,4%. L’EHCVM établit une nouvelle base de référence pour la mesure et le suivi de la pauvreté. Par conséquent, la comparaison des chiffres issus de l’EHCVM avec ceux des enquêtes précédentes n’est pas valable sur un plan scientifique. Bien que la méthode utilisée dans l’EHCVM pour dériver le seuil de pauvreté soit la même que dans l’EMC-2014 (méthode du coût des besoins essentiels, CBE), les paramètres utilisés dans l’EHCVM sont très différents de ceux de l’EMC. Tout ceci a permis d’établir un nouveau seuil de pauvreté significativement plus élevé dont la valeur est de 194 629 FCFA par personne et par an. Sur la base de ce nouveau seuil de pauvreté, l’incidence de la pauvreté se situe à 41,4% au niveau national. Ce qui correspond à une population de 8,4 millions de pauvres sur une population totale projetée de 20,25 millions de personnes. Graphique 5 : Évolution de l’incidence de la pauvreté Source : À partir des données des enquêtes sur les conditions de vie des ménages 2003, 2009, 2014 et 2018 22 Enquête multisectorielle continue (EMC) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 EBCVM-2003 EICVM-2009 EMC-2014 EMC-2018 EHCVM-2018 48,6 46,7 40,1 36,2 41,4 ODD 1: Éliminer la pauvreté sous toutes ses formes et partout dans le monde Cible 1.2. 43 Le niveau de pauvreté demeure toujours très élevé au Burkina Faso. Selon les données de l’EHCVM 2018, sur cinq personnes, deux sont pauvres car elles dépensent annuellement, chacune, moins de 194 629 FCFA en consommation alimentaire, en éducation, en santé, etc. La pauvreté touche plus les ménages dirigés par les hommes comparativement à ceux dirigés par les femmes. En effet, l’incidence de la pauvreté monétaire pour les ménages dirigés par des hommes est de 42,27% contre 32,81% pour les ménages dirigés par des femmes. Aussi, l’incidence de la pauvreté alimentaire était de 51,92% pour les ménages dirigés par les hommes contre 39,45% pour les ménages dirigés par des femmes. Par contre, l’incidence de l’extrême pauvreté était de 8,31% pour les ménages dirigés par les femmes contre 8,17% pour ceux dirigés par les hommes. En outre, la situation de pauvreté est marquée par de fortes disparités suivant le milieu de résidence et selon la région. Selon le milieu de résidence, la pauvreté a un visage essentiellement rural. En effet, sur dix personnes vivant en milieu rural, plus de cinq sont pauvres. Tandis qu’en milieu urbain, sur dix personnes, seulement une personne est pauvre. Tableau 1 : Indicateurs de la pauvreté monétaire selon le milieu de résidence Milieu de résidence Incidence de la pauvreté (%) Contribution à la pauvreté (%) Profon￾deur (%) Sévérité (%) Consomma￾tion par personne Ensemble 41,4 100,0 12,3 5,0 299 562 Urbain 13,1 8,2 3,3 1,3 510 345 Dont Ouaga et Bobo 6,8 2,8 1,6 0.5 577 592 Autres villes 26,1 5,3 6,9 2.7 373 859 Rural 51,1 91,8 15,3 6,3 226 781 Source : Rapport général de l’Enquête harmonisée sur les conditions de vie des ménages (EHCVM) 2018 L’analyse de la pauvreté multidimensionnelle des enfants (0 à 17 ans) au seuil de 3 privations donne une proportion de 72,4%3 d’enfants privés. L’incidence ajustée de privation est estimée à 43,8% et l’intensité à 60,5%. Ainsi, les enfants burkinabè pauvres subissent en moyenne 4,2 privations. Par ailleurs, il est noté de forts écarts en fonction du milieu de résidence. Les enfants du milieu rural sont davantage privés (85,2%) que ceux du milieu urbain (23,9%). En milieu rural, les enfants subissent en moyenne 4,3 privations, contre 3,5 privations en milieu urbain. La pauvreté multidimensionnelle a un visage rural qui s’explique par une contribution de 93,2% d’enfants pauvres dans le milieu rural à l’ensemble de la pauvreté. En termes d’incidence des privations pour l’ensemble des enfants, la situation de pauvreté diffère suivant les régions comme l’illustre la carte ci-dessous. La région du Centre enregistre le plus faible taux en termes d’incidence de la pauvreté multidimensionnelle avec 17,3%. La région du Sahel connaît l’incidence des privations la plus élevée (93,2%), suivie des régions du Nord (90,5%) et de l’Est (89,7%). Par ailleurs, parmi ces enfants de 0 à 17 ans, 41% sont simultanément pauvres sur le plan monétaire et multidimensionnel. Carte 1 : incidence des privations des enfants par région Source : Rapport d’analyse de la pauvreté multidimensionnelle des enfants au Burkina Faso, juin 2021 3 Rapport d’analyse de la pauvreté multidimensionnelle des enfants au Burkina Faso, réalisé en 2021 44 Rapport national volontaire (2016-2022) Burkina Faso Mettre en place des systèmes et mesures de protection sociale pour tous, adaptés au contexte national Ces dernières années, le pays s’est engagé dans le renforcement des mécanismes de protection sociale afin de prévenir et de réduire la pauvreté, la vulnérabilité et l’exclusion sociale, notamment des couches vulnérables. Au titre des mesures prises, nous pouvons citer la création des mutuelles d’assurance maladie, la mise en place de programmes de filets sociaux au profit des plus pauvres et vulnérables, la mise en place du registre social unique. Le Burkina Faso a aussi procédé par décret N°2021-0954/PRES/PM/MATD/MINEFID/MFPTPS/ MFSNFAH/MENPTD à la création, à l’organisation et au fonctionnement du Registre social unique (RSU) des ménages et personnes pauvres et vulnérables. Le registre devrait permettre d’améliorer la coordination, l’efficacité et l’efficience des programmes de protection sociale et de lutte contre la pauvreté. Le RSU a pour but de constituer une base de données unique sécurisée sur les conditions socio-économiques des personnes pauvres et vulnérables. Au-delà des actions et mesures, il est noté l’amélioration de certains indicateurs de protection sociale. En effet, la proportion des travailleurs bénéficiant d’un socle de protection sociale (immatriculés) a connu une croissance annuelle moyenne de 5,0% sur la période 2016 à 2020. Le nombre de personnes immatriculées était de 43 387 (CARFO : 21 777 et CNSS : 21 610) en 2016 et 53 690 (CARFO : 27 275 et CNSS : 26 415) en 2021. La prise en charge des personnes vulnérables est en nette amélioration. La proportion des personnes exclues identifiées insérées est passée de 11,34% en 2017 à 48,68% en 2021, soit une augmentation de 37,34 points de pourcentage. La proportion d’enfants vulnérables identifiés pris en charge a connu une hausse de 15 points de pourcentage passant de 70% en 2016 à 85% en 2021. La proportion de la population couverte par une assurance maladie reste faible. Selon les résultats de l’EHCVM 2018, 4,8‰ de la population est couverte par une assurance maladie. La population urbaine a plus accès à l’assurance maladie que celle résidant en milieu rural. En effet, 16,1‰ des habitants du milieu urbain possèdent une assurance maladie contre seulement 0,9‰ en milieu rural. Pour promouvoir l’accès de tous à une assurance maladie universelle, il a été adopté la loi N°060-2015/CNT du 5 septembre 2015 portant Régime d’assurance maladie universelle (RAMU) en se fixant pour objectif d’assurer une couverture sanitaire de base pour tous les Burkinabè à l’horizon 2027. La Caisse nationale de l’assurance maladie universelle (CNAMU) est dans sa phase d’opérationnalisation avec la capitalisation et la poursuite de la gratuité des soins des enfants de moins de 5 ans et des femmes enceintes. Il est à noter également la prise en charge des soins de santé des personnes indigentes dans la Boucle du Mouhoun (44 084 personnes), le Centre (14 654), les Hauts-Bassins (4 977) et le Nord (2 857) en 2021. Il reste à couvrir le RAMU à toutes les populations des secteurs formels et informels disposant d’une capacité contributive pour une réelle solidarité avec l’État dans la prise en charge des soins de santé des populations. A) Politiques publiques mises en œuvre Plusieurs politiques et stratégies ont été élaborées et mises en œuvre en vue de réduire la pauvreté et les inégalités sociales. Il s’agit de (i) la politique sectorielle « Travail, emploi et protection sociale » (PS-TEPS) ; (ii) la Politique nationale de protection sociale (PNPS) et (iii) la Stratégie nationale de promotion de l’entrepreneuriat féminin (SNPEF), etc. Des efforts sont consentis également à travers la mise en œuvre des projets et programmes pour réduire les inégalités régionales. Il s’agit principalement du Projet filets sociaux « Burkin naong saya », du Programme d’urgence pour le Sahel au Burkina Faso (PUS-BF), du Programme d’appui au développement des économies locales (PADEL), du Projet d’urgence de développement territorial et de résilience (PUDTR) et des pôles de croissance. Aussi, le schéma national d’aménagement et de développement durable du territoire (SNADDT, Horizon 2040), a été adopté par décret N°2017-0170/PRES/PM/MINEFID du 29 mars 2017. L’opérationnalisation du SNADDT permet donc d’assurer, dans un cadre de développement durable, l’équilibre, l’équité et l’attractivité du territoire dans toutes ses composantes, tout en tenant compte des défis actuels et futurs. Il s’agit notamment de la réduction des disparités inter et intra régionales, la promotion des pôles de développement sur la base des potentialités des régions, le renforcement des infrastructures économiques ainsi que le désenclavement du territoire national. Cible 1.3. 45 Avec la survenue de la pandémie de COVID-19 en 2020, le pays a mis en œuvre un certain nombre de mesures afin d’atténuer ses effets sur les entreprises et les ménages, notamment les plus vulnérables. Pour soutenir les entreprises en difficultés, le gouvernement a mis en place un fonds de 100 milliards de FCFA et un autre fonds de 75 milliards de FCFA dédié au secteur informel. Il a également mis en place des mesures fiscales. S’agissant des ménages et des populations vulnérables, le Gouvernement a pris plusieurs mesures, notamment la prise en charge des tranches sociales des factures d’eau et d’électricité sur trois mois et d’autres mesures additionnelles comme l’installation des points d’eau/stations de lavage des mains pour les ménages sans accès à l’eau. Aussi, il a renforcé le contrôle des prix des produits de grande consommation et apporter une assistance sociale (en vivres et équipements) aux plus vulnérables dont les Personnes déplacées internes (PDI). B) Effets de la COVID-19 et de la crise sécuritaire sur l’ODD 1 La crise sécuritaire a entraîné une vulnérabilité plus accrue des régions touchées par les attaques terroristes et occasionné malheureusement plusieurs milliers de déplacés internes qui vivent dans des conditions délétères. Le nombre important de PDI a entraîné un accroissement des besoins dans tous les domaines dont principalement l’alimentation, les abris et le matériel de survie, l’éducation, la santé, la nutrition, l’eau potable, l’hygiène, l’assainissement, la protection. Cette situation a aggravé la vulnérabilité des communautés hôtes, toute chose qui accentue la dégradation progressive de leurs conditions de vie. De plus, elle a impacté négativement le déroulement des programmes de protection sociale. La COVID-19 a exacerbé la situation humanitaire et impacté négativement la dynamique de réduction de la pauvreté directement et indirectement24. En effet, les différentes mesures de restriction édictées aux niveaux national et international ont entraîné le ralentissement ou l’arrêt des activités socioéconomiques avec pour conséquence l’augmentation du chômage technique, la perte d’emplois dans certaines branches d’activités et la paupérisation des couches vulnérables. Par ailleurs, la hausse des prix de produits de grande consommation consécutive à la rupture de certaines chaînes d’approvisionnement a rendu plus vulnérables les populations pauvres. Conclusion partielle La pauvreté est en baisse mais demeure toujours élevée et exacerbée par les effets de la guerre en Ukraine, la crise sécuritaire et la COVID-19. Par ailleurs, le système de protection sociale qui devait permettre de réduire la vulnérabilité des populations est toujours en construction. Les défis qui se dégagent sont notamment la réduction des inégalités suivant le milieu de résidence, l’amélioration de la couverture de l’assurance maladie et l’amélioration de la prise en charge des personnes vulnérables. En termes de recommandations, il s’agit : - de renforcer les politiques de réduction des inégalités notamment au niveau des régions et des groupes vulnérables ; - de poursuivre l’opérationnalisation de l’assurance maladie universelle ; - d’accélérer la mise en œuvre du RSU. 24 Étude d’impacts socioéconomiques de la COVID-19 au Burkina Faso, mars 2021 (MEFP)

3.1. SDG # 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere 3.1.1. Introduction Since Independence, Bangladesh achieved great success in reduction of poverty measured by both upper and lower poverty lines. We have implemented 6 Five Year Plans (FYPs) from 1973 until 2015 where the main focus had always been on poverty alleviation. Currently, the 7th Five Year Plan (2016-2020) is being implemented with a target to bring down the upper poverty rate to 18.6% and lower poverty rate to 8.9%. Bangladesh has been successful in achieving significant poverty reduction since 1990. The poverty rate was 56.7% in 1991, which came down to 24.3% in 2016. And the extreme poverty rate was 41.1% in 1991, which declined to 12.9% in 2016. The poverty reduction measures taken by the Government has helped Bangladesh to achieve the corresponding MDG target couple of years earlier than the deadline. Table 3.1: Long term Poverty Reduction in Bangladesh Head Count Poverty Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) Method 1991 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016 National (Upper Poverty Line) 56.7 51 48.9 40 31.5 24.3 National (Lower Poverty Line) 41.1 34.4 34.3 25.1 17.6 12.9 Source: Various rounds of HIES, BBS Government of Bangladesh recognizes the multi-dimensional nature of poverty and the need to address the problem by adopting appropriate policies and strategies. Development policies and strategies mainly centre on the overarching goal of achieving pro-poor growth. The economy enjoyed annual growth rate persistently around 6.5% during the past eight years. Sustained growth over the last one decade has been instrumental in reducing poverty. Building disaster resilience is critical for eradicating extreme poverty. With a view to achieving this goal, Sendai Framework proposes for the promotion and development of social safety nets linked with livelihood enhancement programmes in order to ensure resilience of household and communities to disasters. The government of Prime Minister Sheikh • Half of the total budget expenditure has been interlinked to poverty reduction for the last eight years. • Anti-poverty strategy of the government through the expanded Social Safety Net Programmes (SSNP) to address risk and vulnerability helped reduce poverty and inequality. 9 Hasina, for the first time, has formulated a comprehensive National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) to consolidate all safety net programmes to support its citizens who need it most. Distressed people particularly women, children, aged and disabled persons have been given due priority under NSSS. The coverage of social safety net recipients is 27.80 percent (HIES, 2016). The allocation has been increased from 1.9% of GDP in FY09 to 2.1% in FY17. The allocation for Annual Development Programme (ADP), which is the main public investment window to reduce poverty, was 2.8% of GDP in FY09 and has increased to 5.7% of GDP in FY17. Moreover, half of the total budget expenditure has been related to poverty reduction for the last eight financial years. Figure 3.1: Social Protection Spending (crore TK), % of GDP Source: Budget document, Finance Division, Ministry of Finance (Note: FY 08 to FY 16 are spending, other two are allocations) 3.1.2. Strategy for Eradicating Poverty to achieve Sustainable Development for all • We recognize that faster growth is a necessary pre-condition for alleviating poverty. The 7th FYP seeks to raise the GDP growth rate progressively from 7.1% in FY16 to 8% by FY 20, averaging yearly growth rate of 7.4% for the Plan period. Along with strategies for rapid economic growth, the 7th FYP will ensure that complementary strategies and policies are in place to make the growth path inclusive, responsive and adaptable to the ongoing transformations. We are also ensuring that the growth is sustainable and resilient to climate change. • We are attaching additional focus on eradicating extreme poverty (defined as people living below the lower poverty line) by taking special measures for the most vulnerable population. • We are taking necessary measures to bring all the poor under coverage of social protection system by 2020. Anti-poverty strategy of the government through the expanded Social Safety Net Programmes (SSNP) to address risk and vulnerability 13,845 16,706 20,894 21,975 23,097 26,654 30,636 35,975 40,857 54,206 1.96% 2.09% 2.28% 2.08% 1.93% 1.98% 2.02% 2.08% 2.09% 2.44% 0.00% 0.50% 1.00% 1.50% 2.00% 2.50% 3.00% - 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 (R. Budget) 2017-18 (Budget) 10 helped reduce poverty and inequality. We are also developing the National Household Database (NHD) under Social Safety Net Systems (SSNS). This will facilitate better targeting of the poor households for safety net service delivery and also improve coordination among various ministries/agencies. • According to our estimate, about 12.9 million additional jobs will be created by 2020. This includes around 2 million jobs abroad for migrant workers. This is going to significantly improve the situation of unemployment in the country. • To ensure safe, orderly and regular migration for all workers including women, the Government has taken adequate measures for legislative and regulatory reforms. Notable among these are the enactment of the Overseas Employment and Migrants Act 2013, and Overseas Employment Policy 2016. • We are encouraging women to get into wage employment in the rural economy in larger proportion. Due to our consistent efforts, the relative male-female wage ratio has increased from 73% in FY2010 to 78% in FY2014. Since agriculture is the predominant sector in our rural economy, we have sorted out specific strategies to narrow down the gender wage gap in this particular sector. • Bangladesh maintains a stable macroeconomic environment underpinned by strong balance of payment. We consistently had external current account surplus since 2010. This has been reflected in increasing trend of our foreign exchange reserve. The key factors behind such a steady performance in balance of payment are buoyant exports and remittance receipts. • Building on our past success, we have fixed an export target of US$ 54.1 billion with average growth of about 12% per annum during the 7th FYP period (2016-2020). Notably, RMG constitutes almost 80% of our exports. This sector employs 4.5 million workers of which 85% are women. This has significantly contributed to our efforts in poverty reduction and women empowerment. • In the 7th FYP, we have recognized migration as an integral component of development. Remittance has been playing an important role in reducing poverty through increased consumption, financing of a range of services, and encouraging entrepreneurship in rural areas. As such, we have taken various measures to increase remittance inflow substantively during this period. Notably, the remittances had been a mere average of $3.5 billion in 2000s, which reached $14.93 billion in FY 2016. We are keen to maintain this momentum in coming years. • Given the importance of transport sector in improving competitiveness and growth, the Government has been allocating significant resources to this sector in the Annual Development Programme (ADP). The 7th FYP placed considerable emphasis on the development of the rural roads network. This will play a major role in poverty reduction through accelerated economic activities in rural Bangladesh. • We have achieved considerable progress in electricity generation, transmission and distribution. The access to electricity increased to 80% in FY 16 from 48% in FY10. We aim at achieving electricity coverage of 100% by FY 21. We have launched a 11 highly successful Solar Home System (SHS) program which has already reached a capacity of 150 MW. All these initiatives helped rural small/medium industries to grow and create jobs, thus contributing to our efforts for poverty reduction. • Bangladesh has a rich experience in administering microcredit programmes. The Government has been supporting these programmes through enabling regulations and financial assistance. The 7th FYP puts due emphasis on microfinance. • We have given ICT sector immense priority in the 7th FYP in line with government’s Digital Bangladesh Vision to help transform the rural economy. This will significantly reduce the transaction costs of trading with the urban economy, bring farms closer to growth centres, and financial services to the doorsteps of rural population. • One House One Farm: A signature poverty alleviation initiative launched by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has been successful in lifting millions out of poverty in rural Bangladesh. The core ideas about this initiative is summarized below: Institutions Directly Contributing to Poverty Alleviation 1. Bangladesh Rural Development Board (BRDB) 2. Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development (BARD) 3. Rural Development Academy (RDA), Bogra 4. Bangabandhu Academy for Poverty Alleviation and Rural Development (BAPARD) 5. Palli Daridro Bimochon Foundation (PDBF) 6. Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF) 7. Small Farmers Development Foundation (SFDF) One House One Farm: A signature poverty alleviation initiative The Government has taken up a project called 'Ekti Bari Ekti Khamar’ (One house one farm) with a view to improving living conditions of the rural poor by encouraging income generating activities. This is a community-based model for micro-savings initiated by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. The idea is about turning the tide from existing micro-credit approach to poverty alleviation to a more innovative micro-savings paradigm. Under this project, self￾governed village development organizations (VDOs) are being formed in rural areas where members create their own funds by contributing small amounts. Government then supplements such funds by contributing equal amounts of grants. In addition, Government also provides an annual revolving fund to the VDOs. Members can borrow from that accumulated fund to run their own businesses. The service charge for borrowers is only 8% that is significantly lower than the interest rate of existing microfinance schemes. Currently, there are 40,527 village development organizations with more than 10 million beneficiaries. We plan to establish 60,515 more village development societies targeting 3.6 million poor families within next 4 years. 12 3.1.3. Financial Inclusion to poverty reduction We recognize access to finance as one of the most important factors for boosting economic activity, generating employment, facilitating trade and fostering growth. Providing easy access to financial service to the women and people in the rural areas can significantly contribute to improvement of livelihood and reduction in inequality. The central bank of Bangladesh had been playing a pivotal role in offering banking facilities to millions who did not have access to any formal financial services. Such initiatives include introducing mobile financial services, requiring banks to open 50% of their branches in rural areas, and starting agent banking. Farmers now can open bank account with only Ten Taka deposit that has allowed them access to different financial benefits offered by the government. Women entrepreneurs can now borrow loans with single digit interest rate. Microfinance institutions also have substantial impact on the financial inclusion, as more than 90% of their clients are female. Bangladesh won the Global Money Week Award at the Global Inclusion Awards 2017. This comes as a recognition of Bangladesh Bank's successful initiatives regarding sustainable and innovative financial inclusion and financial education. 3.1.4. Adoption of Multidimensional Poverty Index The Government of Bangladesh is aware of multidimensional nature of poverty and plans to invest on capacity building for introducing Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) measurement in future. 3.1.5. Challenges for SDG 1 implementation • Poverty reduction is a comprehensive issue and thereby requires a whole-of￾government approach to address it. According to the mapping of Ministries for various SDG targets, 44 Ministries/Divisions are involved in addressing this goal. Therefore, effective coordination is the sine qua non for success. • Resource mobilization particularly from external sources remains a big challenge. • The National Social Security Strategy aims at ensuring adequate resources for providing decent living of vulnerable and marginalized segment of the society. The strategy is inherently inclusive and requires consolidated and streamlined efforts for implementation. • Bangladesh needs capacity building of its national statistical organization for tracking the progress of the SDG 1. • Bangladesh is one of most vulnerable countries in the world in the face of adverse impacts of climate change. We are facing frequent floods, droughts, cyclones and other natural disasters that make implementation of SDG 1 greatly challenging particularly in the coastal areas. 13 3.1.6. Data Availability to Monitor the Implementation of SDG-1 There are 7 targets including 2 Means of Implementation under this goal with 14 indicators to monitor the progress. However, metadata related to 6 indicators are yet to be finalized by the UNSC (1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.5.4, 1.a.1, 1.a.3, 1.b.1). According to the ‘Data Gap Analysis for Sustainable Development Goals: Bangladesh Perspective’ Report (2017), data related to 5 indicators are readily available in Bangladesh. Once the metadata is finalized, the NSO will take appropriate steps to generate data in consultation with relevant stakeholders. The available baseline figures and their milestone targets against the SDG indicators are provided in Annex-1. 14

32 4. Progress on Goals and targets 4.1 Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Introduction Sustainable Development Goal 1 calls for the eradication of extreme poverty everywhere and halving poverty in all its dimensions over the next 15 years. It envisions poverty reduction of all people irrespective of gender and age and social protection benefits for people including the poor and the vulnerable. It seeks to ensure equal rights and access to economic and natural resources as well as to technology and financial resources. It focuses on building the resilience of the poor and reducing their vulnerability to all types of shocks including climate-related ones. It also emphasizes mobilization of resources from a variety of sources including enhanced development cooperation and creating sound policy frameworks based on pro-poor and gender￾sensitive development strategies for accelerated poverty reduction. Context Bangladesh has achieved stunning success in curbing down poverty since its independence in 1971. The catastrophe of the 70’s cyclone together with the wreckage of the independence war made Bangladesh vulnerable as the poverty headcount mounted to 82.9 per cent in 1973-74. Since then, Bangladesh has made poverty alleviation as the major driver of economic salvation in its national plan. All the Five Year Plans (FYPs) from 1973-2020 had the primary focus on poverty reduction. Over the last three decades, the country experienced a sharp decline in poverty. During the 1990s, the rate of poverty had declined relatively slowly – from 56.7 per cent in 1991-92 to 48.9 per cent in 2000. However, the post-2000 era witnessed an accelerated decline in the rate of poverty. To be specific, the pace of poverty reduction in the 2000s was more than double the rate of the 1990s. The strategies followed by the government for reducing poverty are many, however, important ones are: promoting growth by sustaining increases in labour productivity, increasing farm income, enhancing the access of the poor to production inputs and to institutional finance, expanding employment opportunities in lagging regions by improving connectivity with growth poles through better infrastructure, investing in human capital, stimulating women’s participation in the labour force, promoting overseas employment including women migration, improving access to and quality of education, health and nutrition services, strengthening the coordination, targeting and coverage of social protection programmes, enhancing the access to microfinance, ensuring stable food prices, and mitigating the adverse consequences of climate change. By 2016, extreme poverty stood at 12.9 per cent while the overall poverty headcount reached 24.3 per cent. The slowdown in the pace of poverty reduction after 2010 could be a consequence of the fact that when poverty comes down to relatively low levels, it becomes increasingly more difficult to reduce it further. However, the government is firmly committed to emancipate its people from the curse of poverty. The Perspective Plan 2021-2041 and the 8th Five Year Plan (2021-2025) consider poverty reduction as a major target for transforming Bangladesh into a high-income country by 2041. According to the poverty estimates, the 33 overall poverty and extreme poverty will descend to 2.59 per cent and 0.68 per cent respectively by 2041. Progress against targets 1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day The proportion of the population living on less than $1.90 a day measured at 2011 international prices, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP) was estimated by the World Bank as the international poverty line. This poverty line is deemed as the new measure of extreme poverty. Table 1.1 shows a declining trend in the incidence of poverty over the years. Between 2010 and 2016, the incidence of poverty declined at an average annual 0.62 percentage points. This poverty line was estimated by the World Bank to make inter-country comparisons of poverty across countries. However, for measuring poverty within a country national poverty line is more appropriate. 1.2 By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions Bangladesh has been successful in achieving a significant reduction in poverty since 1991-92. National poverty measured as the proportion of the population living below the national upper poverty line has consistently declined to reach 31.5 per cent in 2010 and 24.3 per cent in 2016. According to recent estimates, it has declined to 20.5 per cent in 2019. Despite the fall in poverty rates, Bangladesh is still lagging behind in reducing poverty compared to its most of the South Asian neighbours. However, Bangladesh has recently experienced a growth rate in excess of 8 per cent and if we can sustain this higher growth rate in the coming years, the poverty rate will continue to fall at a faster rate and is expected to fall below 3 per cent by 2031. An extreme poverty estimate based on the national poverty line (lower poverty line) has also been declined persistently during this period. According to recent estimates, extreme poverty has declined to 10.5 per cent in 2019. 34 It is evident that the incidence of poverty of female-headed households has been declined overtime at national as well as regional levels. Two interesting features of female poverty are clear in Table 1.4. The incidence of poverty is lower in female-headed households compared to male-headed households. The disparity between urban and rural poverty in female-headed households has been declining over time and by 2016, regional parity has been nearly achieved. Remittance flows to female-headed households especially in rural areas, government programmes benefitting women and an increase in wages in rural areas account for such a pattern of poverty of female-headed households. As committed in the first Voluntary National Reviews in 2019, Bangladesh has constructed Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to measure the deprivation of the population in three dimensions, viz. health, education, and living standard. Information from Table 1.5 reveals that the incidence of multidimensional poverty in Bangladesh is 37.5 per cent. On the other hand, the average intensity of poverty, which reflects the share of deprivations each poor person experiences on average, is 46.9 per cent. That is, each poor person is, on average, deprived in 47 per cent of the weighted indicators. The MPI, which is the product of H and A, ascends to 0.176. This means that multidimensional poor people in Bangladesh experience 17.6 per cent of the total deprivations that would be experienced if all people were deprived of all indicators. 35 The analysis is also carried out for different sex and age groups. It is found that only 9.3 per cent of the population lives in female-headed households, and 19.0 per cent of these females are MPI poor, whereas 90.7 per cent of people live in the male-headed households, and 17.4 per cent out of this share are MPI poor. Looking across the distribution it is clear that female￾headed households are more likely to suffer from multidimensional poverty than male-headed households. If we look into the age-specific data, we find that there is an increasing and then flattening trend in the MPI as age increases. However, children are more affected by multidimensional poverty. 1.3 Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable Bangladesh has developed a wide network of Social Protection Programmes to address the problems of poverty, vulnerability, and marginalization. The programmes include civil service pensions, allowances for population groups with special needs, food security and disaster assistance programmes, workfare programmes and programmes focused on human development and empowerment. The National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) has been developed in 2015, and an action plan of the NSSS for implementing Ministries was launched in 2018 to create a social protection system that is inclusive, better mitigates lifecycle risks and prioritizes the poorest and most vulnerable. BBS started to provide data on coverage of Social Safety Net Programmes (SSNPs) beginning with the Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2005. The number of programmes included increased in subsequent surveys. The coverage of SSNPs has increased both in terms of percentage of households as well as in terms of the percentage of beneficiaries over time. 36 Between 2010 and 2019, the proportion of programme beneficiaries has increased annually by about half a percentage point. 1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance Bangladesh has attained great success in increasing the attainment of basic services for its people. Based on the MICS 2012-13 and SVRS 2015 data, the proportion of people having access to electricity was 61.5 per cent, which rose to 92.2 per cent in 2019. In hygiene, Bangladesh has made some progress than the baseline. While the share of the population with access to basic drinking water stands at 98 per cent, the access to safely managed drinking water is only 47.9 per cent. Despite ‘access to safely managed drinking water’ data plunges from the baseline, the differences are attributed to the disparate methodologies followed in the MICS of 2013 and 2019. The following table shows the progress as of 2019 from baseline data. 1.5 By 2030, build the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations and reduce their exposure and vulnerability to climate-related extreme events and other economic, social and environmental shocks and disasters Bangladesh is one of the countries that are most vulnerable to climate change impacts. The frequency and magnitude of natural disasters will increase with global warming and climate change impact. However, the Government of Bangladesh has over the years adopted measures to establish an elaborate disaster management system involving the central and local governments, non-government organizations and community-level organizations to mitigate impacts of disaster and disaster-related risks. This has resulted in a significant reduction in natural disaster-related deaths. Based on the Bangladesh Disaster Related Statistics (BBS 37 2015), 2487 per 100,000 persons were affected by climate-related disasters in 2014 and the death rate is 0.1545 per 100,000 persons. Direct economic loss is estimated as the monetary value of total or partial destruction of physical assets existing in the affected area. These include homes, schools, hospitals, commercial and governmental buildings, transport, energy, telecommunications infrastructures, and other infrastructures; business assets and industrial plants; products such as standing crops, agricultural infrastructure, and livestock. They may also include environmental and cultural heritage (OECD, 2016). The estimates of BBS (2015) show the direct economic loss inflicted by disasters as a proportion of GDP stood at 1.3 per cent in 2014. The Sendai Framework is the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda, which aims to achieve substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries. The Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief has prepared National Plan for Disaster Management (2016-2020) based on Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030) and other international protocol ratified by the Government of Bangladesh. 1.a Ensure significant mobilization of resources from a variety of sources, including through enhanced development cooperation, in order to provide adequate and predictable means for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, to implement programmes and policies to end poverty in all its dimensions In order to meet the commitments of the government to deliver health, education and reducing poverty & vulnerability, it has devoted a significant amount of resources to these sectors. There has been an increasing trend in the absolute level of government spending in these sectors. But the share of these sectors in total government expenditure shows annual fluctuations. In FY2015 government spending on these essential services as a proportion of total government expenditure stood at 4.81 per cent for health, 12.82 per cent for education and 12.72 per cent for social protection. All these shares are increased in FY 2018-19 which shows progress over time. Challenges  Poverty reduction is a multi-dimensional issue and a whole-of-government approach is required to address it. The mapping of Ministries for various SDGs targets reveals that 44 Ministries/Divisions are involved in addressing this goal. Effective coordination of these different ministries/divisions poses a challenge for success. There is also a complaint against the Social Safety Net Programme (SSNP) citing that SSNP makes a 38 difference in the headcount index of poverty by a miniscule amount. One explanation is that about two third of the beneficiaries of Social Safety Net Programme belongs to the non-poor, who enjoys 75 per cent of the benefit. Hence, targeting errors of beneficiaries is a concern in this case.  Financing for SDGs has always been a challenge for every nation. It has been estimated by the government that around 0.02 per cent of the accumulated GDP from 2017 to 2030 (roughly US$ 39.4 Billion) is require as additional financing for eliminating extreme poverty. Resource mobilization particularly from external sources remains a big challenge. The disbursement-commitment ratio needs to be increased through negotiations.  Two specific economic transitions could make Bangladesh vulnerable. One of these is the problem associated with LDCs graduation; another one is the upcoming structural transformation and the 4th industrial revolution. Both of these events may result in job loss, which is a prime concern for poverty alleviation.  Bangladesh faces frequent floods, droughts, cyclones, hailstorms and other natural disasters that make implementation of SDG 1 greatly challenging particularly in the coastal areas.  The recent influx of Rohingya population has added a new dimension to the poverty reduction problem, which have to manage with subtlety to avoid any deviation from the 2030 agenda. Way forward  There is no single recipe for attaining SDGs. Concerted efforts from different sectors need to be pushed in a way so that we can conquer our challenges of poverty alleviation. We need to increase the sectoral growth rate of GDP in agriculture and the average growth elasticity of agriculture is to be improved if the growth elasticity of poverty is to be reduced. In this case, continuous innovation of technology is required to increase agricultural productivity.  The urbanization is to be decentralized properly, and education and training are required to enhance the employability of the poor. In order to increase the market access of the poor faction, financial inclusion is to be spread out. In this way, marginalized people will be mainstreamed into society. To achieve a poverty-free state, the government needs to meet the challenge of generating employment for an increasing labour force by fostering the creation of productive and inclusive jobs in the economy.  Diversification has to be achieved in several directions. In manufacturing, while the emphasis on sustained success in readymade garments will continue, other potential labour-intensive sectors such as leather, footwear, plastics, toys, electronics, jute goods, and light engineering will need to flourish.  Emphasis needs to be put on labour service export and greater market access and safe international migration. Expansion of microcredit and microcredit plus programme is also important for job creation and poverty reduction. Proper attention needs to be given on the social safety net programme to avoid targeting errors.  More emphasis is to be placed on ensuring access to quality education as poor quality education leading to low skills fails to get poor children out of poverty. Other types of 39 disparity in education such as disparity by disability and ethnic groups need to be addressed. The complex issue of providing quality education at the primary and secondary levels has to be addressed.  The government needs to put more emphasis on improving the investment climate to increase private investment by removing its impediments such as land procurement, energy shortage, trade logistics, contract enforcement, and tax issues. Though these are long-term issues, continued efforts are needed to address them.  General Economics Division of the Bangladesh Planning Commission has conducted a study on the impact of graduation from LDC, which has suggested appropriate strategies of coping up with the probable impacts. Good practice Strengthening Women’s Ability for Productive New Opportunities (SWAPNO) is a perfect example of the government’s initiative in fighting against poverty. SWAPNO is a social transfer project under Local Government Division for ultra-poor women to be engaged in public works essential for the economic and social life for rural communities. It promotes employment, and most importantly future employability, of extreme poor rural women, which is the most efficient way to secure poverty reduction and inclusive growth. SWAPNO offers a replicable model that will inform social protection strategy through a parallel policy programme designed to strengthen governance and the systems of social protection programmes in Bangladesh. The approach of SWAPNO is as follows:  The entry point is cash-for-work and building human capital of women engaged in public works.  Saving a portion of wages assists households to move out of poverty, providing seed capital for self-employment, basic household needs (linked to resilience) and further training and educational development. Women will be counselled and supported to invest these savings in productive assets.  A state-of-the-art ‘graduation’ strategy aims at smoothening the transition from safety net employment to market-driven employment by vocational skills training, job placement and diversified climate change resilient livelihoods options, ensuring market linkages and access to essential public services and by social and economic inclusion for these women.  In addition to assisting women to start and operate self-employment, micro-enterprises, SWAPNO focuses on facilitating linkages with Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Public-Private Partnerships. Local SMEs in the rural non-farm and off-farm sector are encouraged to absorb women trained by the project. The benefits of SWAPNO programme has been analysed under a study titled ‘The Long-term Effects of Livelihood Promotion Types of Social Security Programmes’ under the Social Security Policy Support (SSPS) programme of the Cabinet Division and GED. In NSSS Action Plan, LGD decided to replicate SWAPNO pilot model in more than 200 Upazilas. Initial pilot completed in two most vulnerable districts: Kurigram (most flood affected poor district) and Satkhira (most climate and disaster -risk￾prone poor district). The second phase continues the previous districts and upscaling in new three districts. Upscaling is being carried out in five districts: Kurigram, Lalmonirhat, Gaibandha, Jamalpur, and Satkhira. SWAPNO is one of the unique projects of Local Government Division under TA support 40 of Swedish SIDA and UNDP. The project engaged distress and divorced poor women in public works programme with daily wage payment for 18-month scheme link to livelihood promotion, entrepreneurship development and formal sector employment. For formal sector employment, SWAPNO beneficiaries are engaged with private sector under partnership arrangement. Private sector agencies are: EcoFeb and Fakir Apparel Group; Bank Asia, and Bangladesh Still Rerolling Mill (BSRM), and international corporate agency Marico. SWAPNO beneficiaries are also engage in agent banking related activities. Besides, SDG-1, SWAPNO Project addresses seven more SDGs like SDG-2 (Zero hunger), SDG-3 (Good health and well-being), SDG-5 (Gender equality), SDG-8 (Decent work and economic growth), SDG-10 (Reduced inequalities), SDG-13 (Climate action), and SDG-17 (Partnerships for the Goals). SWAPNO also addresses gender-responsive adaptive social protection issues. In an evaluation of the project, it is found that the inclusion error in beneficiary selection has been surprisingly reduced to only 4 per cent compared to the national inclusion error of more than 40 per cent. Moreover, SWAPNO beneficiaries earned on average three and half per cent more than the control group (highest six and half per cent, and lowest three per cent).

01_10. People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (% of the population) Relative share of the population at risk of poverty or social exclusion as a % of total population. The indicator corre￾sponds to the persons who are: at risk of poverty after so￾cial trasfers; severely materially deprived or living in households with unemployed persons and with very low work intensity. Persons are counted only once even if they are affected by more than one of these phenomena 01_20. People at risk of income poverty after social transfers (% of the population) Relative share of the population with an equivalised dis￾posable income (after social transfers) below the risk-of￾poverty threshold, which is set at 60% of the national me￾dian equivalised disposable income 01_30. Severely materially deprived people (% of the population) The common indicators for assessing poverty include sub￾jective indicators related to material deprivation. For the es￾timation of material deprivation of households, nine issues related to the consumption of specific goods and services are used. The indicator refers to the relative share of the population living with material deprivation, with at least four out of the nine material deprivation indicators 01_40. People living in households with very low work intensity (as a % of the population under the age of 60) Share of people living in households with very low work intensity are those aged 0-59 living in households where on average the adults (aged 18-59, excluding students) work 20% or less of their total work potential during the reference period (the past year) END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE 101 01_41. In work at-risk-of-poverty rate (% of employees aged 18 years and over) Relative share of persons who are employed and have an equivalised disposable income below the risk-of-poverty threshold, which is set at 60% of the national median equivalised disposable income (after social transfers) 01_60. Population living in poor housing conditions (% of the population) Relative share of the population living in a dwelling with a leaking roof, damp walls, floors or foundation or rot in win￾dow frames of floor 102

54 Bahrain Voluntary National Review 2023 CHAPTER 5: PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING THE SDGS SDG 1 The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain guarantees social protection for the elderly, orphaned, widowed, unemployed, and people with disability or diseases. As stipulated in Bahrain’s Economic Vision 2030, the Government’s priority is to improve Bahrainis’ quality of life through better jobs opportunities and higher wages. The Kingdom is making continuous efforts to improve standards of living through robust social protection measures, targeted poverty alleviation programs, employment generation strategies, economic stimulation initiatives, and investments in education and skills development. 7KH *RYHUQPHQW RI %DKUDLQ ZLWK DQ DQQXDO VRFLDO VXSSRUW H[SHQGLWXUH RI %' PLOOLRQ HTXLYDOHQWWRSHUFHQWRIWKH*RYHUQPHQW¶VWRWDODQQXDOH[SHQGLWXUHIRUKDGSURYLGHG extensive social welfare support to various segments of society. Bahrain offers a range of subsidies for citizens, including electricity and water VHUYLFHVJDVROLQHDQGÀRXUZLWKWKHODWWHU two available to all residents and visitors. Furthermore, the Government implements direct cash subsidies to eligible individuals, HQVXULQJWDUJHWHG¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUWWRWKRVH in need. The main support programs are: • Cost of Living Allowance: Provided to all Bahraini retirees. • Financial Support: Provided for low￾income persons based on the income of the head of the household. NATIONAL EFFORTS Social Support Programs • Rental Allowance: Provided to each head of household who has submitted DKRXVLQJVHUYLFHDSSOLFDWLRQ¿YH\HDUV prior and continues until a housing service is provided. • Social Security: Provided to eligible LQGLYLGXDOV DQG IDPLOLHV XQGHU  categories including families in need, widows, divorcees, elderly, families of prisoners, those unable to work, individuals with disabilities, unmarried daughters, and orphans. 55 Bahrain Voluntary National Review 2023 CHAPTER 5: PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING THE SDGS SDG 1 • 'LVDELOLW\ $OORZDQFH 0RQWKO\ VRFLDO allowance provided to eligible individuals with disabilities including physical, intellectual, and visual impairments, hearing impairments, autism, cerebral palsy, and others. • Compensation Subsidies on Meat: 'LVEXUVHGLQDGYDQFHHYHU\3 months to all registered familie. The Government continues to review social programs providing additional support as needed: • To manage the impact of VAT increasing IURP  SHUFHQW WR  SHUFHQW RQ  -DQXDU\DQGXQGHUWKHUHTXHVWRI the Legislative Authority, the Government DSSURYHGDSHUFHQWLQFUHDVHLQ WKH Financial Support program and an increase of the amounts of the Social 6HFXULW\SURJUDPHIIHFWLYHIURP-DQXDU\  1RWDEO\  EDVLF FRPPRGLWLHV DUH ]HURUDWHG DQG  JRYHUQPHQW services are exempted from VAT in the Kingdom. • 'XULQJ 5DPDGDQ WKH *RYHUQPHQW GRXEOHVWKH¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUWIRUHOLJLEOH individuals receiving the Social Security DQG 'LVDELOLW\ $OORZDQFHV • ,Q -DQXDU\  +LV 5R\DO +LJKQHVV the Crown Prince and Prime Minister directed the Government to disburse an additional month of Financial Support for eligible families to ease the global LQÀDWLRQDU\ SUHVVXUHV • Following a proposal by the Legislative Authority, the Government has committed WRGRXEOLQJWKH'LVDELOLW\$OORZDQFHVIRU those with extreme disabilities. In addition to the above, Bahrain provides free education and healthcare, and a subsidized higher education tuition fees to all citizens. Other examples of support include discount cards for senior citizens, aged 60 and older, and those with disabilities, which offer fee reductions on a range of government services. Fael Khair 7KH.LQJGRPRI%DKUDLQ¶V0LQLVWU\RI,QWHULRUODXQFKHGWKHµ)DHO.KDLU¶3HUVRQRI*RRGZLOO campaign, in 2020, to allow individuals to assist Bahrainis that have been issued sentences in ¿QDQFLDOFLYLOFDVHVXQGHUVHWFULWHULD7KH¿QDQFLDODVVLVWDQFHQRWRQO\UHOLHYHVWKHEXUGHQ RQLQGLYLGXDOVWKDWIDFHGLI¿FXOWLHVLQPHHWLQJWKHLU¿QDQFLDOREOLJDWLRQVEXWDOVRPDLQWDLQV WKH¿QDQFLDOVWDELOLW\RIWKHLUIDPLOLHV $VRI0D\PRUHWKDQ%+'PLOOLRQ0RUHWKDQ86'PLOOLRQGRQDWLRQVZHUHPDGH ZKLFKEHQH¿WWHGPRUHWKDQEHQH¿FLDULHV 56 Bahrain Voluntary National Review 2023 CHAPTER 5: PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING THE SDGS SDG 1 Entrepreneurship and Economic Empowerment Bahrain prioritizes entrepreneurship and economic empowerment to address poverty; IDFLOLWDWLQJDFFHVVWR¿QDQFHDQGVXSSRUWLQJ micro businesses as well as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The existing law regulating the practice of productive activities from home empowers individuals to engage in economic activities from the comfort of their homes, fosters HQWUHSUHQHXUVKLSDQGHQDEOHVÀH[LELOLW\LQ work-life balance. Moreover, it facilitates job creation, especially for women, by removing barriers to entry and providing a conducive environment for home-based businesses to thrive. Family development programs run by the Ministry of Social 'HYHORSPHQWGHOLYHUHGDUHPDUNDEOH specialized courses in 2022, resulting in RYHU  LQGLYLGXDOV EHQH¿WLQJ IURP skill-enhancing opportunities. Furthermore, WKH0LQLVWU\RUJDQL]HGH[KLELWLRQV WKDW DFWHGDVSODWIRUPVIRUDOPRVWIDPLO\ EHQH¿FLDULHV WR VKRZFDVH WKHLU SURGXFWV and services. ,Q  WKH .LQJGRP DOVR ODXQFKHG WKH µ.KDWZD¶ SURJUDP IRU KRPHEDVHG businesses; a free-of-charge alternative to families, registered with the Ministry of 6RFLDO'HYHORSPHQW WRVWDUW DQG UHJLVWHU their projects if they are not able to obtain a commercial registration. The program Bahrain recognizes the critical role of creating employment opportunities in addressing poverty and social protection. The Government has implemented a range of policies and programs aimed at promoting job creation and reducing unemployment, including through the National Labour Market Strategy, the Tamkeen human capital development support programs, and its investments in education and vocational WUDLQLQJ UHÀHFWLQJ %DKUDLQ¶V KROLVWLF approach in addressing social protection ± )XUWKHU GHWDLOV DUH SURYLGHG LQ 6'*  'HFHQW :RUN (FRQRPLF *URZWK Furthermore, eligible unemployed individuals can claim unemployment compensation, through the Unemployment Insurance fund. Under the National (PSOR\PHQW 3URJUDP ODXQFKHG LQ  the Government increased the amount of the unemployment compensation offered WR ¿UVW WLPH MRE VHHNHUV DQG WKRVH ZKR are unfairly dismissed from their jobs, and extended the compensation period from six to nine months. The Ministry of Labour, which reviews unemployment cases, also provides training for the unemployed and DVVLVWVLQ¿QGLQJVXLWDEOHMRERSSRUWXQLWLHV Better Living through Employment 57 Bahrain Voluntary National Review 2023 CHAPTER 5: PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING THE SDGS SDG 1 is open for a host of activities including photography, handcrafts and online advertising, and aims to regulate the market, SURYLGH EHQH¿FLDULHV ZLWK VXSSRUW DQG ¿QDQFLQJDQGHQVXUHWKDWFRQVXPHUULJKWV are protected. The Government provides various other means of support to families to enable them to become entrepreneurs: • 7KH)DPLO\0LFUR¿QDQFH+RXVHSURYLGHV PLFUR¿QDQFH ORDQV IRU ORZLQFRPH groups, without bank guarantees, assisting them to establish income generating projects. • Her Royal Highness Princess Sabeeka’s Award for Productive Families is an annual opportunity to showcase the work of productive families and encourage their role in advancing social and economic development. 58 Bahrain Voluntary National Review 2023 Civil society organizations are a fundamental pillar of Bahrain’s social support infrastructure, with their focus varying widely, including charitable, social, human rights, women, youth, professional, and foreign community focuses. Aware of their pivotal role in supporting WKHDFKLHYHPHQWRI6'*VWKH*RYHUQPHQW WKURXJKWKH0LQLVWU\RI6RFLDO'HYHORSPHQW provides societies with technical and ¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUW7KH0LQLVWU\VXSHUYLVHV SDUHQWDOFDUHKRPHVDQGSURYLGHVDQQXDO ¿QDQFLDOVXSSRUWWRFRPPXQLW\FHQWHUV that provide rehabilitation services to people with disabilities. In recent years, societies played a role in raising awareness about the net￾zero commitments and environmental challenges, through promoting planting and use of bio products and green plastic, innovating watering solutions for trees, and many more. Civil Societies Social development centers aim to serve the elderly, people with disabilities, and low-income individuals and families through providing specialized services such as learning and training, rehabilitation facilities, gyms and special needs services. 7KH0LQLVWU\RI6RFLDO'HYHORSPHQWPDQDJHV VRFLDOGHYHORSPHQWFHQWHUVDQGSODQVWR continue expanding in this area, with the FRQVWUXFWLRQRI¿YHPRUHVRFLDOGHYHORSPHQW centers across the Kingdom. The recently completed Budaiya Comprehensive Community Centre, serves the Northern Governorate and offers social support, family counseling, training programs, employment support, and dedicated centers for the elderly and children. The Ministry is DOVR ¿QDOL]LQJ WKH 0XEDUDN .DQRR 6RFLDO Centre in the Capital Governorate, which will house an elderly club, social research sections, family counseling, and incubators for productive families. In 2023, the Government approved plans to extend the opening hours for centers to cover evenings. Social Development Centers CHAPTER 5: PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING THE SDGS SDG 1 59 Bahrain Voluntary National Review 2023 CHAPTER 5: PROGRESS IN ACHIEVING THE SDGS SDG 1 7KH&29,'SDQGHPLFDQGWKHUHODWLYHO\ KLJKHU LQÀDWLRQ UDWHV KDYH FHUWDLQO\ challenged the existing social programs, a risk which the Kingdom has proactively tackled through providing direct support to individuals, as the case with the increases in social support following the increase of the VAT, and adopting policies that maintained VWDEOH LQÀDWLRQ UDWHV $QRWKHUFKDOOHQJHLGHQWL¿HGLVWKHHIIHFWLYH allocation of government subsidies to eligible individuals. Bahrain recognized the importance of addressing this challenge, including it as an initiative under its Fiscal %DODQFH 3URJUDP ODXQFKHG LQ  7KH CHALLENGES AND WAY FORWARD Government and the Legislative Authority established a joint committee to review citizen’s living standards, which will review the mechanism for the distribution of subsidies, taking into consideration the needs of the most vulnerable segments of society. 7KH 0LQLVWU\ RI 6RFLDO 'HYHORSPHQW LV actively incorporating the concept of “Multidimensional Poverty” in its strategies and plans, considering not only a household’s income but also access to health services, education, basic services such as electricity and water and sanitation.

41 SDG1: Ending Poverty in all its Forms The Bahamas is classified as a high-income economy. While the per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one of the highest in the Caribbean at USD$20,568.35 , other statistics reflect a more complex story: one of increasing poverty and violent crime, poor educational outcomes and skills training that do not reach the people who need it most. While unemployment estimates declined from 12.7% in May 2016 to 9.9% in May 2017, there remains higher unemployment rates among females (11.6% in May 2017 for New Providence)6 . Youth unemployment remains very high at around 30%. A 2013 Household and Expenditure Survey conducted by the Department of Statistics shows that poverty rates in The Bahamas increased from 9.3% in 20017 to 12.5% in 2013 among all age categories except those older than 658 . This means there are at least 43,000 people living below the poverty line (The Department of Statistics set the poverty line at $4,247 per person per year). Statistics show that: women comprised the majority of the poor, consistent with their larger share of the population; 9 but the poverty rate for females was 12.4% compared to a poverty rate for males of 13.2%. The incidences of poverty were higher among female‐headed households (9.7%) than among male headed ones (7.9%)10. People 20 years and younger were overrepresented among the poor. The poverty rate of children aged 0 to 9 and those aged 10 ‐19 5 World Bank. 2016 (available at https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD?locations=BS) 6 Department of Statistics. Labour Force Survey May 2017 Preliminary Results. 7 Bahamas Living Conditions Survey 2001 8 Household and Expenditure Survey 2013 9 Household and Expenditure Survey 2013 p. 2 10 Household and Expenditure Survey 2013 p. 17 Picture 18: A dwelling in the Over the Hill Area of New Providence 42 was higher than the national rate at 18.2% and 19.3% respectively11. Persons between the ages of 20 to 29 years had a similar rate to the national poverty rate, 13.0%, while those with the lowest poverty rate were between the ages of 60‐69 years with a poverty rate of 6.5%12. Household size affected the poverty rate with larger households more likely to be poor13. Additionally, poverty rates are considerably higher in the Family Islands at 17.2% compared to the rate for people living in New Providence (12.4%) or Grand Bahama (9.4%)14. Some 62.3% of household heads who were poor in 2013 were employed. However, one of the most striking relationships with poverty was educational attainment. Indeed, there was a marked difference in poverty outcomes based on education levels. The poverty rate for heads of households with college degrees in 2013 was 0.6% or 1.8% of the poor. There were differences in the poverty rates across country of origin. Persons from Haiti, representing 7.5% of the population, had a poverty rate of 37.7%. Table 18: Poverty rates, by household head characteristics As of 2016, the available social safety nets did not provide full coverage of those at or below the poverty line15. The challenges with land tenure security also impact poverty. These challenges 11 Household and Expenditure Survey 2013 p. 15 12 Ibid 13 Household and Expenditure Survey 2013 p. 12 14Household and Expenditure Survey 2013 p. 2 15 Working Paper, State of the Nation on Human Capital 2016, page 143 43 include: the lack of a parcel based cadastral map, uncertainty regarding ownership of land resulting from overlapping land claims and the existence of generational and commonage land16. Key Interventions for Implementing SDG1 Social Protection The National Insurance Board (NIB), the Ministry of Social Services and Urban Development, and the Ministry of Labour oversee the country’s social protection system and the provision of social protection mechanisms. Bahamian citizens and residents benefit from both contributory and non-contributory benefits. Contributory benefits are designed to help households insure themselves against sudden reductions in work income as a result of sickness, maternity, employment injury, unemployment, invalidity, old age (pensions) or death of a breadwinner. They include benefits paid for sickness, maternity, unemployment, injury, disablement and death17 administered by NIB. NIB also administers non￾contributory benefits, benefits to persons in need over 65 years of age who have not met the requirements for a contributory pension and provides invalidity assistance to people rendered permanently incapable of work or as a result of employment injury and sickness 18 . Non￾contributory benefits generally consist of targeted interventions designed for the poorest and most vulnerable and financed out of general Government revenue. The Ministry of Social Services and Urban Development is responsible for administering non￾contributory benefits which include unconditional and conditional transfers (in cash or kind); and targeted subsidies designed to ensure access to health, education, housing or public utilities, such as water or electricity, child care, elderly care, care for people with disabilities, home based care and referral support for people living with HIV, family and community support services, rehabilitation support for out-of-school youth, drug users and child labourers and psychosocial services. The non-contributory benefits provided by the Ministry include food allowances 16 Inter-American Development Bank’s Land Use, Policy and Administration Project 2005 p.1 17 National Insurance Act 1974 section21 18 National Insurance Act 1974 section 33 44 (monthly food coupons), financial assistance (for clothing and household and personal items), disability allowances in cash for those medically certified as persons with disabilities, house repair allowances for indigent senior citizens and those who are invalid, burial assistance, rent assistance, assistance with funds to access water and electricity and funding for a national school lunch programme19. The budget for the Department of Social Services in the 2018/2019 budget year is $39.8 million and is projected to rise to $43.95 million by the 2020/2021 budget cycle. Social Safety Net Reform Programme In 2012, the Government of The Bahamas through an Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) loan for Social Safety Net Reform Programme commenced a social protection reform programme to modernise the delivery of social protection in the country and accelerate efforts to reduce poverty and improve human capital through a Pilot Conditional Cash Transfer Programme (CCT) referred to as the RISE (Renewing, Inspiring, Sustaining, and Empowering) Programme. RISE was aimed at tackling poverty, particularly among children, and improving educational and health outcomes amongst poor households20. The CCT programme provided the poor with support through the provision of a cash grant on condition that the eligible beneficiary/households comply with set conditional steps to improve their health and education or those of their families. The key features of the CCT are:  “a single cash grant to replace various assistance programmes;  a Proxy Means Test (PMT) administered by way of a Management Information System (MIS) will determine the eligibility of each applicant based on a pre￾determined score;  the MIS generates a list of beneficiaries who have met the criteria and are eligible to receive the benefit; and  contributes to long-term growth and development through a better educated and healthier population.”21 19 Inter-American Development Bank 2012, Social Safety Net Reform Program, BH-L1030 p. 2 20 Working Paper, State of the Nation on Human Capital 2016, page 24 21Maura, Matt 2012, ‘Cash Transfer Programme part of plan to break ‘poverty cycle’ Bahamas Information Services 45 The Cash Transfers were delivered through electronic cards, cellular phones or cheques/cash until August 201722. The RISE programme also introduced the pre-paid debit card in conjunction with Bank of The Bahamas in November 2014. At the CCT launch, more than 4,000 New Providence residents were said to be part of the Department’s modernised food assistance programme. Since 2015, more than 1,000 beneficiaries had registered into the programme and benefited23. The RISE conditional cash transfer project is currently under review to provide an opportunity to understand how to strengthen its operation and achieve stronger results. Job Training On July 1, 2018 the Ministry of Public Service and National Insurance will begin a 52-Week Skills Empowerment Programme aimed at providing jobs for the unemployed youth. The programme’s objective is to equip individuals between the ages of 19 years to 30 years with skills that will assist in obtaining steady employment. The Ministry in collaboration with the National Training Agency (NTA) and The Bahamas Vocational Institute (BTVI) will provide soft-skills training followed by training in specific areas such as patient care assistants, teachers’ aides, landscaping, caregivers for the elderly and various construction trades. Access to Land The Government is in the process of reviewing previously drafted legislation which includes the Land Adjudication Bill 2010, the Law of Property Bill 2010 and the Registered Land Bill 2010. These are aimed at modernising property laws and addressing the challenges of generational land. The Land Adjudication Bill 2010 offers legal protection to generational land owners by providing a legal framework which enables families who have been in possession of a parcel of land (less than one acre) for 12 years or more to claim ownership of such land and, if successful, to be granted a certificate of title. The grant of a certificate is important because it makes title to the land 22 Maura, Matt 2012, ‘Cash Transfer Programme part of plan to break ‘poverty cycle’ Bahamas Information Services 23 Tribute 242, 23 Aug 2017. http://www.tribune242.com/news/2017/aug/23/new-benefit-programme-suspended/ 46 marketable. The Registered Land Bill 2010 makes provisions to reform the land registration system and the Law of Property Bill 2010 provides for the consolidation and reform of the laws relating to property and conveyance. The Government of The Bahamas has further committed to offering concessionary rates for, regularizing long-term occupation of Crown Land, developed or cultivated by Bahamians. Support for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises The Government recognises the importance of encouraging and building the capacity for micro, small and medium enterprises to ensure that all men and women, particularly the poor and vulnerable, have better access to economic resources. In the 2018/2019 budget the government placed particular emphasis on promoting the development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Creation of Empowerment Zones for Economically Depressed Regions Commencing with the “Over-the-Hill” Communities The economically depressed areas known as “Over the Hill” in Nassau, have been characterized by high unemployment levels, high crime rates, low income and infrastructure dilapidation. This area is home to many who have been left behind. A comprehensive intervention has been designed to alleviate these issues by providing incentives for: Picture 20: The Hon. Dr. Hubert Minnis, Prime Minister speaking at the launch of the Over The Hill Community Development Partnership Imitative in December 2017 Picture 19: Local SME engaged in jam making 47  Social Empowerment  Economic Empowerment  Infrastructural and Environmental Rejuvenation  Smart Technology  Green Technology  Community Empowerment with a focus on Youth and the Elderly. Tax Concessions Within the 2018/2019 budget, the Government of The Bahamas has sought to provide tax relief to positively impact the poor through the following measures: eliminating value-added tax (VAT) on essential breadbasket food items and eliminating VAT on monthly electricity bills under $200 and on monthly water bills under $50. Other measures, such as extending stamp tax exemptions on first-time homeownership should positively impact the middle class. There has also been a broad reduction in customs duty rates on a range of consumer items which, if passed on to the consumer by the wholesalers and retailers, should positively impact disposable incomes for many residents, including the poor. Challenges Faced Implementing SDG1 Programmes The following issues are likely to pose challenges to the implementation of SDG 1:  Access to social protection programmes must be improved. Programmes must be directed more effectively to screen for persons who require these services and educate the population on available services.  Social protection funds must be sustainable and social protection floors must be strengthened through legislation and policies.  Data collection and monitoring must be strengthened to reflect the multidimensional nature of poverty. The monitoring and evaluation systems to track the progress and success of social protection and the information flows on the availability and provision of social protection must be strengthened. 48  Finally, greater civic participation and community engagement is required in the efforts to reduce poverty.

23 Alignment of the NDP with the SDGs a. SDG1 No Poverty: Five priority targets out of the seven indicators matched to the associated NDP goals (see Table 1). Table 1. SDG1 priority targets versus associated NDP goals and action number SDG Priority Targets Associated NDP Goals and Action Number SDG1.2 All NDP Goals in particular Goal 7 SDG1.3. Goal 7.10.2; 7.10.3; 7.10.4 SDG1.4 Goal 7.2.2; 7.2.3; 8.2.2; 8.2.3; 8.3.2; 7.3.2; 7.3.4; 7.3.9; 12.6.1 SDG1.5 Goal 11.2.2; 11.2.3; 7.10 SDG1.b Goal 7.11.1; 7.2.5; 7.2.6 Goal 7 of the NDP is focused on building a nation free of poverty and discrimination (including gender, nationality and disabilities). The various action items in this NDP goal address inequality (economic and social exclusion of poor and vulnerable groups limiting their access to basic goods and services); the high unemployment rate among vulnerable groups; intolerably high levels of youth unemployment and social exclusion; a high poverty rate in single parent households, discrimination against vulnerable groups (those with disabilities, migrants and women); and high levels of violence (gender-based violence, sexual assault, child abuse and child neglect). In addition to Goal 7, other goals associated with SDG1 include: Goal 8.2 and 8.3, dealing with the issue of land ownership and the manner in which Crown Land is administered. Goal 11.2 addresses how poverty is worsened in communities that are affected by disaster. Thus, an integrated disaster risk reduction policy is the way forward to manage these impacted communities. Finally, Goal 24 12.6 of the NDP is critical for SDG1 in improving the financial literacy that, in turn, will improve personal and household resilience and ownership within local economy.

!" SDG 1. END POVERTY IN ALL ITS FORMS EVERYWHERE The latest available data show that around 18% of the population lives below the relative poverty line, and 30% is at risk of poverty.9 If the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequences of the crisis in Ukraine are taken into account, the assumption is that the situation is even worse. The Social Impact Assessment of COVID-19 in BiH indicates that the economic impact of the crisis disproportionately afects the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the population of BiH, where the poor are pushed deeper into poverty and large parts of the middle-class face material deprivation. The crisis caused a decrease in income and access to basic services, leading to an increase in multidimensional poverty and inequality. 10 The Human Development Report 2021 points to significant challenges facing the social protection system in BiH, among which are the aging of the population, emigration of the working-age population, the low rate of economic activity among women and the high prevalence of the informal economy. Territorial inequality is also noted, given that access to and extent of social protection are diferent in diferent parts of the country. Social benefits are mostly insuficient for the basic needs of life, although they have been growing in recent years. Last year, the authorities in BiH adopted a number of measures in the form of legal arrangements aimed at reducing poverty and mitigating the gender pay gap. Thus, several important measures have been introduced in the RS, BD BiH and FBiH, which include access to a maternity allowance by all unemployed mothers, as well as a measure of support for an unemployed parent of four or more children, which stipulates that the parent who decides to care for the children is entitled to a salary in the amount of approximately 80% of the average salary in the RS.In BD BiH, the child benefit coverage has been extended to all children without one or both parents, as well as to the families with children with disabilities and parents with severe disabilities. In FBiH, the Law on Parent Carers was adopted, which stipulates that parents who care exclusively for their children receive the lowest monthly salary and have pension insurance contribution paid. Also, the rights and the scope of rights of the beneficiaries have been expanded throughout BiH to individuals who have health problems and are currently or permanently unable to work in the form of cash assistance and personal or family income. Target: To eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere by 2030 Indicator Trend Description of trend Alternative SDG indicator 1.1.1: Poverty rate, international poverty line N/A Alternative SDG indicator: Poverty rate at the level of the state/entity N/A Target 1.4. By 2030 ensure that all men and women, particularly the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership, and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology, and financial services, including microfinance SDG indicator 1.4.1. a: Access to basic services, in % (1.4.1.a Water supply) N/A SDG indicator 1.4.1. b: Access to basic services, in % (1.4.1.b Sanitation services) N/A !# In BiH, the Roma population is among the most vulnerable groups across various sectors of society, including health, labor market, education, and political participation. During the period of 2019-2023, several projects aimed at supporting the Roma population were carried out with the assistance of grant funds from the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees in BiH. In terms of housing, 25 housing units were constructed and 55 were rehabilitated, benefiting 365 Roma families. Additionally, infrastructure projects were implemented, providing improvements for the living conditions of these families. Employment opportunities were created for 106 Roma individuals, and 407 Roma people received access to preventive medical examinations. In the field of healthcare, 175 mediators were trained, enabling the provision of 1,120 preventive examinations, and 200 individuals were covered by voluntary insurance. With regards to Roma education, in 2020, the Ministry of Human Rights and Refugees in BiH allocated a grant from its budget to support projects aimed at enhancing the education of the Roma community.