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In physics, thermalisation (in American English thermalization) is the process of physical bodies reaching thermal equilibrium through mutual interaction. In general the natural tendency of a system is towards a state of equipartition of energy or uniform temperature, maximising the system's entropy.

Examples of thermalisation include:

  • the achievement of equilibrium in a plasma
  • the process undergone by high-energy neutrons as they lose energy by collision with a moderator.

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