Centers of Iran Silk Trade during Timurids and Turkmans Period (9th Century AH) ولی دین پرست author text article 2011 per Silk has been amongst the important productions with a great value in the history of mankind. Silk export expanded from Iran to Europe during Ilkhanid period. Although there was a setback in silk export due to the fall of Ilkhanids, the production and export of silk revived during Timurids and Turkmans periods. Tabriz and Soltanieh were the most important trading centers for the silk produced in Astarabad, Mazandaran, Gilan, Shirvan and Shamakhi. Bursa also became the international center for Iran's silk in Anatolia. Due to the worldwide increased demand for raw silk, its price was rising incessantly. Many Iranian merchants exported silk abroad. Government earning from silk customs were rising constantly as the caravans commuted frequently. This paper tries to describe the important centers of silk trade, its growth in 9th century AH and the silk exportation. It has to be mentioned that the activities of these centers paved the way for the development of silk production and its trade during Safavid period.   History of Islam and Iran Alzahra University 2008-885X 21 v. 11 no. 2011 1 24 Iran’s Foreign Trade Monopoly Act of 1931: Backgrounds, Aims and Consequences سیمین فصیحی author غلامرضا ظریفیان author دکتر داریوش رحمانیان author شهرام غلامی author text article 2011 per According to Law, the country monopoly on foreign trade was transferred to the state in March 1931. In the new researches about the history of Iran's economy, little attention was paid to this issue. Evaluations for this case were hasty and it was not rationalized, while causes and consequences of this action are neglected. In this paper, first we mentioned some of these simplistic views, and then we studied international changes after the First World War, the effects of the economic crisis in 1930 and the Soviet domination of commerce on the Iranian agricultural economy on the drafting of this law. The findings of this research indicate that political and economic changes after World War I, in Iran, like other countries, forced government to interfere in the economy. World economic crisis of 1930, governmentalization of Russia's foreign trade and losing the value of silver as currency of Iran, made it intensified. This act of government was not the result of a long-term economic planning. But it was the result of political and economic conditions and was associated with trial and errors, while at least in the short time resulted in improvement of exports and the organized earnings of government. Also the industrialization substituting imports accelerated by government intervention, commercial companies and corporations were replaced traditional commerce and agriculture, and variant changes were occurred in the pattern of agricultural export.   History of Islam and Iran Alzahra University 2008-885X 21 v. 11 no. 2011 25 55 Political and Religious Relationships between Fatimids and Zirids: Independence from Fatimids during Moezz the Zirid Period حبیب زمانی محجوب author حسن زندیه author text article 2011 per The government of Banu Ziri is the first pure Moroccan state that Barbars established in Africa and parts of the Morocco after Islam. Zirids were followed Fatimids from their establishment (361 AH) until 441 AH, but Moezz bin Badis made the Zirina state independent from the Fatimids. In this essay we will deal with the question of how Zirids got the power and will try to answer two fundamental questions: How was the political and religious relationship between Zirids and Fatimids? Why the Zirids under Moezz bin Badis gave up the Fatimid’s sovereignty, accepted the Sunni faith and started to follow the Abbasids?   History of Islam and Iran Alzahra University 2008-885X 21 v. 11 no. 2011 57 79 The Effects of Kandahar Issues on Political Contentions between Safavids and Baburids (1526-1707) بدرالسادات علیزاده مقدم author text article 2011 per Great Baburids reign is one of the splendid eras in history of India. Although Baburids gained power by the help of their great neighbor namely Iran during Safavid period, they were in competition for dominance over Kandahar until the end of Aurang Zaib period (1707). This competition not only caused peculiar history for Kandahar, but also had an important effect on Iran and India political relationships. This article will investigate Kandahar historical importance while discussing the role of this era in Iran and India relationship during Baburids dynasty.     History of Islam and Iran Alzahra University 2008-885X 21 v. 11 no. 2011 81 98 A Survey on the Role and Function of Coffeehouses of Tehran During Qajar Period احمد کامرانی‌فر author نرجس معمار author text article 2011 per   The history of coffeehouse in Tehran dated back to the rise of Qajar dynasty in Iran. Coffeehouse gained importance during Nasser al-din Shah’s reign. In that period, coffeehouses have the same activities as before with few changes. Although some of their previous activities were vanished, some new ones were increased. This article introduces the history of tea in Iran, while studies coffeehouses of Tehran and their locations, architecture, accessories and entertainments, congregation of guilds and various groups in those places and the reaction of government towards coffeehouse issues.   History of Islam and Iran Alzahra University 2008-885X 21 v. 11 no. 2011 99 118 Relaition between Local Governments of Gilan, Dailaman and Mazandaran with Alavids of Tabaristan (250-316 AD) ندا گلیجانی مقدم author text article 2011 per With the rise of Alavids of Tabaristan, local dynasties of Gilan, Dailaman and Mazandaran developed some relations with them in order to perpetuate their existence. In this process, different attitudes were adopted by Bavandids, Baduspanids and justanids, from confrontation, to somewhat tolerance and even collaboration, aiming at retaining their power and authority over their realms. Historical evidences speak of their approach and the ways they established a network of relations to avoid tensions. The aim of this article is to discern the preservation of sovereignty as the main reason for different approaches of local dynasties developing relations with Alavids of Tabaristan, according to historical evidences. Justanids wanted more help; Baduspanids were more hypocrites towards Alavids, while Bavandids confronted them.    History of Islam and Iran Alzahra University 2008-885X 21 v. 11 no. 2011 119 143 The Confusion of Resources regarding Decrees for the Establishment of Parliament during Iran Constitutional Movement محمدمهدی مرادی خلج author text article 2011 per As a result of the endeavor and cooperation of people, clergymen, and intellectuals in the constitution movement, Muzaffar al-Din Shah issued three decrees between 14th to 18th Jumada-al-Thani 1324 AH, as a respond to requirements of protestors who asked for modification in the government structure, specifically to establish parliament include of representatives from different social classes. However, the insistence of protestors to the name of the parliament caused the first command whose content concerned the formation of parliament without any specific name, to turn into Islamic Parliament and later as a result of protest the parliament was named the National Parliament. However the last decree which is dated 14th of Jumada al-Thani has caused many historians of constitutional movement to make errors. They have confused this decree which is in fact, issued on 18th Jumada al- Thani with the first one which is signed on 14th of the same month.   History of Islam and Iran Alzahra University 2008-885X 21 v. 11 no. 2011 145 169