




Challenge 1 – Supply and Demand

AI relies on data and lots of it. As such, the computational demand of AI is growing — one report estimates that the amount of computing used by AI currently has a three and a half month doubling time.

The Big Four

As things stand, AI developers are dependent on computing capacity from the $247 billion cloud computing industry. This industry is dominated by four corporate IT firms — Amazon, Microsoft, Google, and IBM, collectively known as the “Big Four.” These companies rely on their vast centralized data centers to keep the world’s cloud computing services running.

In an attempt to meet the growing demand for AI computing services, investment in data centers is also growing at a startling pace. Computing firms spent $27 billion in the first quarter of 2018, with most of that expenditure thought to be directed into developing data centers. Compare this with the $74 billion spent in 2017 — and the pace of growth is evident.

How long can the computing firms continue to keep up with demand using the traditional data center model? In an attempt to stem demand, the big IT firms are increasing their costs.


Challenge 2 – Environmental Sustainability

If the only way to meet demand is to build more data centers, this means more electricity-hungry machines. It’s reported that 2 percent of all CO2 emissions globally emerge from the data center industry. For perspective, this is more than the airline industry.

The United States of America’s Department of Energy reported that data centers in the country accounted for around 2 percent of the overall energy consumption. 

While owners are investigating green energy alternatives, the fact remains that more data centers will result in higher energy consumption — and emissions.

Google. One of the “Big Four,” but not the biggest anymore.

Challenge 3 – A single point of failure

Amazon famously brought down a number of large websites last year when an employee accidentally took more servers offline than intended. That event sparked a domino effect that was felt globally. Imagine the devastation that can occur with single incidence errors. Single employee error. Single data center error. Single cloud error?

It’s natural that single points of failure raise the risk of an incident having a more substantial impact. With cloud data provided by just four companies from a limited number of data centers, that risk is always present.

A Quantum of Solace?

Chinese marketplace Alibaba is also in the business of cloud computing. Albeit not yet one of the “Big Four,” they are undoubtedly working on that eventuality. The Alibaba representatives have clearly stated that the company has market leader Amazon firmly in its sights.



From Cloud Computing to Distributed Computing

While some commentators have predicted a wait of five to ten years for quantum computing solutions to cope with demand, a few start-ups are working to meet the requirements of cloud computing on a shorter timeline. One startup has devised a scalable solution, which it says will be up and running as early as 2019.

Tatau, which calls itself the “Uber of Computing,” has designed a platform which essentially creates a global supercomputer to harness the joint capacity of already existing graphics processing unit (GPU) computing capacity.

By utilizing a resource that already exists, the company claims it can offer cloud computing that is cheaper, more environmentally friendly — and more scalable than current solutions. Moreover, a decentralized model doesn’t have a single point of failure, reducing the risk of downtime or hacks.

Tatau’s decentralized network taps into the computing capacity that sits outside of data centers. The company has designed a blockchain-driven marketplace where owners of GPU hardware can sell under-utilized computing power to a buyer. By utilizing latent capacity, this solution provides a way for owners of hardware to receive better returns on their investment, and provide access to reliable, and cost-effective computing, previously unavailable to AI developers.

The Future for AI Development

Given the growing demand for AI services, the computing sector needs to find a way to meet the need for computing services. Given the challenges inherent in the current data center model, it seems likely that quantum or distributed computing could ultimately take off.

The question will be, are the current “Big Four” market players ready to compete on a different playing field? Do the big four play well in the sandbox? Ultimately, can they be trusted?

Yoav Vilner

Yoav Vilner
