Types of blood disorders and its symptoms

Blood disorders

Blood is a living tissue that carries essential nutrients all over the body parts. It is made of liquids and solids, the liquid part is called plasma which is made of salt, protein, and water. Whereas the solid part is a combination of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

The abnormalities in the blood can produce several health issues by obstructing the body parts. Many of the blood disorders or diseases caused are due to the side effects of medicines, lack of iron and other nutrients and hereditary.

There are many different types of blood disorders which involve in white blood cells, red blood cells, blood vessels, bone marrow, the soft tissue inside the body, lymph nodes, and blood platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body parts and tissues where the white blood cells help fight infections and platelets helps in clot formation, seal wounds and stop bleeding. Blood disorders interrupt the function of all blood cells.

Symptoms of blood disorders

Symptoms depend on the type of blood cell disorder and its severity.

Common symptoms of red blood cell disorders.

  • Shortness of breath with exertion
  • Irregular or fast heartbeat
  • Cold hands and feet
  • Muscle weakness
  • Lack of concentration
  • Fatigue and dizziness
  • Chest pain & headache
  • Pale or yellow skin

Common symptoms of white blood cells disorders.

  • Weight loss
  • Risk of Chronic infections
  • Damage in bone marrow
  • Fatigue
  • Allergic reactions
  • Weakness and feel of unwell

Common symptoms of Platelet disorders.

  • Heavy mensuration bleeding
  • Frequent nosebleed
  • Cuts and sores that last longer
  • Bleeding from the gums
  • No blood clot after an injury or cut
  • Bruising skin

Red blood cells disorders

Hemolytic Anemia:

A blood disorder that occurs when there is a deficiency in red blood cells than normal. A human body needs sufficient amount of red blood cells to carry oxygen from lungs to other body parts. It divided into two categories namely inherited hemolytic anemia and Acquired hemolytic anemia.

Iron-deficiency Anemia:

Intake of low iron quantity and loss of blood during mensuration cycle leads to Iron deficiency anemia. Red blood cells need iron to produce a protein called Hemoglobin to carry oxygen from lungs to all body parts.


A rare red blood disorder that occurs when there is a large circulation of red blood cells in the bloodstream. It happens due to an overproduction in the bone marrow. Polycythemia is a kind of blood cancer caused by a gene mutation, and it makes the blood to thicken making it difficult to circulate. It is divided into two categories namely primary and secondary polycythemia.

Pernicious anemia:

An autoimmune condition where the human body stops absorbing a sufficient amount of vitamin B-12. This situation results in a low number of Red blood cells.


Another blood disorder where there is too much of iron builds in the human body.

Aplastic anemia:

It is a rare condition, but serious. It occurs when the bone marrow stops or slow down producing enough blood cells at any age.

Sickle cell anemia:

An inherited blood disorder where blood cells stop blood flow to the body organs with its sickle shape. The sickle-shaped red blood cells cannot carry the oxygen as normal cells.


An inherited/genetic disorder that occurs where the genes that produce hemoglobin will break. It mostly affects Mediterranean heritage people with no symptoms.

Fanconi Anemia:

A genetic disorder that occurs due to the multiple physical abnormalities in the body. Namely, increase in a number of cancer cells, bone marrow failure, kidney failure and many others.

Hypercoagulable states:

A disorder that increases the risk of developing blood clots in the human body.

White blood cells disorders


It is a kind of a blood cancer that develops in the lymphatic system. In this situation, the white blood cells grow out of control and create an abnormal situation. There are two types of lymphoma namely Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.


It is a blood cancer in which white blood cells become malicious and spreads abnormally inside bone marrow. It may be either severe or chronic (slow).

Myelodysplastic syndrome:

It is a form of blood cancer in which the white blood cells get effects in the bone marrow. In this syndrome, the human body develops blasts (immature cells) crowding with healthy cells. It can transform slowly or suddenly and leads to Leukemia.


A type of blood cancer which results in a decrease in a count of white blood cells than normal.

Multiple myelomas:

A form of blood cancer in which white blood cells also called plasma cells develop abnormally. And also it releases the damaging substances which lead to organ damage.

Chronic Granulomatous Disease:

A kind of inherited immune system disorder that affects Phagocyte. It is a type of white blood cells that help in body fight infection. In this syndrome, the Phagocytes fail to fight with the bacterial and fungal infections making body infected.

Platelets blood disorders

Platelets, also called as thrombocytes are tiny components of blood. These components protect the body against excessive loss of blood. A disorder in blood platelets result in one or more abnormalities, hence a quick treatment is required.


An autoimmune disorder that results in a decrease in platelets is Idiopathic thrombocytopenia. No symptoms and causes reveal.

Deep venous thrombosis:

A blood clot that develops in a deep vein or arteries in the body destructing internal organs. Continuous pain and swelling cause permanent damage leaving inconvenient.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation:

A blood disorder that develops tiny blood clots and bleeding spots throughout the body making severe infection is DIC.



1 Comment


very good article on Blood Disorders.


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