[時事英文] Conference of Parties 21 (巴黎氣候峰會)

[時事英文] 同學，讓我們來關注巴黎氣候峰會的結論! 這高峰會關乎人類未來的氣候變化，而其中的重要的時事英文字詞，更是值得我們學習！


think tank 智庫
call for action against…呼籲對….採取行動
non-binding commitments 非約束性的承諾
legally binding 具法律約束力的
lack of enforcement mechanisms 缺乏強制執行機制
ratify the agreement 批准該協定
pursue efforts to 為…繼續努力
summit 尖峰、最高級會議
agreement 協定，協議
accord （國家之間的）協議；條約[C][（+with/on）]
protocol 議定書；協議；草案；（尤指外交的）禮節
adopted version 通過的版本
emerging economies 新興經濟體
CO2 emissions 二氧化碳排放量
greenhouse gases 溫室氣體
climate change 氣候變化 
a rise in sea levels 海平面上升
continue to rise at their current rate 以現在的速率持續上升
reduce emissions 減少排放
curb emissions 控制排放
decarbonize electricity production 脫碳電力生產 
generate electricity 發電


accord, treaty, protocol, agreement 的用法

accord 指涉的是同意、和諧、妥協、諒解的"狀態"，通常是指國家間的共識性協議。accord雖然屬於國際文件，但因未創設國際法上的權利義務，大多不具備國際法拘束力。An accord is a formal agreement between countries or groups (e.g. the Helsinki accord on human rights).

treaty 採廣義的定義是指國家之間經外交談判後依照國際法簽訂的正式條約。A treaty is a formal written agreement between two or more countries or governments. (e.g. The peace treaty ends nearly four years of violence.) 

protocol 指的是一個議定書、協議、草案，通常用來表示一個公約的輔助文件，一個公約的附屬文件，或一個獨立條約的名稱。A protocol can mean the following things: A) an international agreement between two or more countries (e.g. the Montreal protocol on the protection of the ozone layer); B) a written record of a formal or international agreement, or an early form of an agreement 

agreement 是協議最常用廣泛的叫法。跟treaty的定義差不多，指國際法主體間針對特定事項的條約，具有國際法效力。An agreement is an official document that people sign to show that they have agreed to something. It can be a pact, convention, or treaty between nations, sub-national entities, organizations, corporations, or other entities or persons.


The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, Conference of Parties 21 (COP 21), was held in Paris, France, from 30 November to 12 December 2015.

One hundred and ninety-six parties attended the conference and negotiated the Paris Agreement, a global agreement on the reduction of climate change. The overall goal of the agreement is to limit global warming to less than 2 degrees Celsius (°C) compared to pre-industrial levels. The agreement calls for zero net man-made greenhouse gas emissions to be reached during the second half of the 21st century. In the adopted version of the Paris Agreement, the parties will also pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C. According to some scientists, the 1.5 °C goal will require zero emissions sometime between 2030 and 2050.

The agreement will become legally binding if signed by at least 55 countries which together represent at least 55 percent of global greenhouse emissions. The parties will need to sign the agreement in New York between in April 2017, and also adopt it within their own legal systems.




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