Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein, CF

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Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein Bioactivity
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Product Details
Citations (9)
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Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein, CF Summary

Product Specifications

Endotoxin Level
Measured by the ability of the immobilized protein to support the adhesion of D10.G4.1 mouse helper T cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.6-3 μg/mL.
E. coli-derived mouse Galectin-9 protein
Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
Predicted Molecular Mass
36.4 kDa
36 kDa, reducing conditions

Product Datasheets

Carrier Free

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Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile, deionized water. 

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Bioactivity Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein Bioactivity View Larger

Immobilized Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 (Catalog # 3535-GA) supports the adhesion of D10.G4.1 mouse helper T cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.6-3 μg/mL.

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Background: Galectin-9

Galectins comprise a family of multifunctional carbohydrate-binding proteins with specificity for N-acetyl-lactosamine-containing glycoproteins. At least 14 mammalian Galectins share structural similarities in their carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD), forming three groups: a prototype group (one CRD), a
tandem‑repeat group (two CRDs), and a chimeric group (one CRD, unique N-terminus) (1, 2). Full length Galectin-9 is a widely expressed 39 kDa tandem‑repeat group Galectin that contains two CRDs connected by a linker region (3). Alternate splicing generates an extended, small intestine-specific isoform with a 31 amino acid insertion in the linker region (3). The standard (or short) isoform of mouse Galectin-9 is orthologous to human galectin-9, which is also known as Ecalectin (4). This isoform shares 70% and 85% aa sequence identity with the corresponding regions of human and rat Galectin-9, respectively. Galectin-9 exhibits a wide range of activities including eosinophil chemoattraction (5-7). This activity is destroyed by thrombin-mediated cleavage within the linker region of the long isoform, although the human Ecalectin isoform is resistant to thrombin (8). Galectin-9 binds to carbohydrate moieties of IgE, thereby preventing immune complex formation, mast cell degranulation, and asthmatic and cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions (9). Independent of its lectin properties, Galectin-9 induces the maturation of dendritic cells which promote Th1 polarization (10). Galectin-9 induces cellular apoptosis in part by direct binding to TIM-3 (11, 12). Its interaction with TIM-3 inhibits Th1 cell and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses, while also promoting regulatory T cell differentiation and activity (12, 13). Conversely, Galectin-9 is also reported to bind to a non-TIM3 receptor on both Th1 and Th2 cells, promoting both apoptosis and cytokine secretion, suggesting multiple receptors on T helper cells (14). Galectin-9 suppresses tumor cell metastasis by interfering with the associations between hyaluronic acid and CD44 and between VCAM-1 and Integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (15). Galectin-9, also known as the UAT or urate transporter, can also be expressed as an integral membrane protein in kidney that mediates the cellular efflux of urate (16).

  1. Zhu, C. et al. (2011) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 350:1.
  2. Elola, M.T. et al. (2007) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 64:1679.
  3. Wada, J. and Y.S. Kanwar (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:6078.
  4. Matsushita, N. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:8355.
  6. Chabot, S. et al. (2002) Glycobiology 12:111.
  7. Sato, M. et al. (2002) Glycobiology 12:191.
  8. Nishi, N. et al. (2006) Glycobiology 16:15C.
  14. Su, E.W. et al. (2011) Glycobiology 21:1258.
  15. Nobumoto, A. et al. (2008) Glycobiology 18:735.
Entrez Gene IDs
3965 (Human); 16859 (Mouse)
Alternate Names

Citations for Recombinant Mouse Galectin-9 Protein, CF


9 Citations: Showing 1 - 9
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  1. Lumenal Galectin-9-Lamp2 interaction regulates lysosome and autophagy to prevent pathogenesis in the intestine and pancreas
    Authors: JN Sudhakar, HH Lu, HY Chiang, CS Suen, MJ Hwang, SY Wu, CN Shen, YM Chang, FA Li, FT Liu, JW Shui
    Nat Commun, 2020;11(1):4286.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Cell Culture
  2. Possible therapeutic applicability of galectin-9 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
    Authors: R Nakajima, T Miyagaki, H Kamijo, T Oka, N Shishido-T, H Suga, M Sugaya, S Sato
    J. Dermatol. Sci., 2019;96(3):134-142.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  3. Galectin-9 is Critical for Mucosal Adaptive Immunity through the TH17-IgA Axis
    Authors: CC Liang, CS Li, IC Weng, HY Chen, HH Lu, CC Huang, FT Liu
    Am. J. Pathol., 2018;0(0):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
    Applications: ELISA Standard
  4. Dietary, nondigestible oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve M-16V suppress allergic inflammation in intestine via targeting dendritic cell maturation
    Authors: S de Kivit, AI Kostadinov, J Kerperien, ME Morgan, VA Muruzabal, GA Hofman, LMJ Knippels, AD Kraneveld, J Garssen, LEM Willemsen
    J. Leukoc. Biol., 2017;0(0):.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  5. Dectin 1 activation on macrophages by galectin 9 promotes pancreatic carcinoma and peritumoral immune tolerance
    Authors: D Daley, VR Mani, N Mohan, N Akkad, A Ochi, DW Heindel, KB Lee, CP Zambirinis, GSB Pandian, S Savadkar, A Torres-Her, S Nayak, D Wang, M Hundeyin, B Diskin, B Aykut, G Werba, RM Barilla, R Rodriguez, S Chang, L Gardner, LK Mahal, B Ueberheide, G Miller
    Nat. Med., 2017;23(5):556-567.
    Species: N/A
    Sample Types: Recombinant Protein
    Applications: Bioassay
  6. Alarmin function of galectin-9 in murine respiratory tularemia.
    Authors: Steichen A, Simonson T, Salmon S, Metzger D, Mishra B, Sharma J
    PLoS ONE, 2015;10(4):e0123573.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay
  7. Galectin-9 is a suppressor of T and B cells and predicts the immune modulatory potential of mesenchymal stromal cell preparations.
    Authors: Ungerer C, Quade-Lyssy P, Radeke H, Henschler R, Konigs C, Kohl U, Seifried E, Schuttrumpf J
    Stem Cells Dev, 2014;23(7):755-66.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: In Vivo
    Applications: In Vivo
  8. Astrocyte galectin-9 potentiates microglial TNF secretion.
    Authors: Steelman, Andrew J, Li, Jianrong
    J Neuroinflammation, 2014;11(0):144.
  9. TIM-3 does not act as a receptor for galectin-9.
    Authors: Leitner, Judith, Rieger, Armin, Pickl, Winfried, Zlabinger, Gerhard, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer, Katharin, Steinberger, Peter
    PLoS Pathog, 2013;9(3):e1003253.
    Species: Mouse
    Sample Types: Whole Cells
    Applications: Bioassay


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