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An inguinal hernia is an unnatural protrusion of the peritoneum into the cavity of the inguinal canal. Inguinal hernia is the most common pathology in surgery. According to statistics, men develop this medical problem much more often than women. The risk for men is 27%, for women - 3%.

Causes of the medical problem. All etiological factors of the appearance of an inguinal hernia are subdivided into predisposing (individual characteristics of the abdomen, reduced strength of the groin tissues, etc.) and producing (single or repeated increases in pressure inside the peritoneum, which cause the direct exit of internal organs through the hernia gate) factors.

Reasons for an inguinal hernia:

  1. open abdominal “pocket”;
  2. weakness of the muscles of the inguinal ring and the anterior abdominal wall;
  3. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;
  4. aneurysm of the abdominal aorta;
  5. peritoneal dialysis;
  6. pathologies accompanied by constipation;
  7. prolonged physical work associated with lifting weights;
  8. prostatectomy;
  9. appendectomy;
  10. infancy or old age;
  11. pregnancy and multiple births;
  12. obesity or rapid weight loss;
  13. genetic predisposition.

The main symptoms of an inguinal hernia are:

  1. swelling in the groin area, which increases with coughing and straining, as well as in a standing position;
  2. pulling pains, aggravated by coughing, sneezing, sudden movements, prolonged walking, straining, etc.;
  3. soreness and discomfort when walking, lifting weights, squatting, muscle tension;
  4. discomfort and a bursting feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen.

With large hernias, complaints appear about a violation of the normal activity of the stomach, difficult and painful digestion, and inconvenience when walking. If the bladder is involved in the pathological process, urination disorders appear, when pressing on the hernia, an uncontrolled urge to urinate occurs. The urine may contain blood impurities.

A long-term inguinal hernia has a significant negative impact on a man's sex life. Features of the anatomical location of the hernial protrusion in close proximity to the vessels of the spermatic cord lead to a negative effect on its function. Violation of blood circulation can lead to a change in the thermoregulation of the scrotum, which leads to a change in the functional properties of the prostate, a violation of the stability of spermatogenesis and nutrition of the gonads.

Therapeutic measures The basic principles of the treatment of inguinal hernia are based on the elimination of hernial protrusion, reduction of internal organs into the abdominal cavity and plastic of the hernial orifice. Treatment of an inguinal hernia without surgery is possible with an asymptomatic course of the disease or if the symptoms of an inguinal hernia are minimal. The doctor may try to correct a strangulated hernia without strangulation symptoms.
