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25868363
|
Richard N. Current
|
| birth_place = Colorado City, Colorado, U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place = Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
| nationality = American
| alma_mater = Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy<br>University of Wisconsin–Madison<br>Oberlin College
| discipline = History
| sub_discipline = Race relations
| workplaces = Rutgers University<br>Hamilton College<br>Northern Michigan University<br>Lawrence University<br>University of Illinois<br>University of North Carolina at Greensboro<br>University of Wisconsin–Madison<br>
}}
Richard Nelson Current (October 5, 1912 – October 26, 2012) was an American historian, called "the Dean of Lincoln Scholars", best known for The Lincoln Nobody Knows (1958), and Lincoln and the First Shot (1963).
Life
Born in Colorado City, Colorado, Current graduated in 1934 from Oberlin College with a B.A., in 1935 from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University with an M.A., and in 1940 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison with a PhD. At Wisconsin, he studied under William B. Hesseltine. He wrote a book titled "Old Thad Stevens: A Story of Ambition" while at the university.
In the United States, Current taught at Rutgers University, Hamilton College, Northern Michigan University, Lawrence University, Mills College, Salisbury State University, the University of Illinois, the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Internationally, he lectured in Chile, Japan, India, and Antarctica.
Current served as president of the Southern Historical Association in 1975. In addition, he was the editor of and author of introductions to many other works and published over 250 articles. His papers are in the Rare Book Room of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
His first wife of 45 years Rose Bonar died in 1983, and in 1984 he married Marcia Ewing, who co-wrote a biography of dancer Loie Fuller with him. His final book, a collection of translations of writings by the Norwegian author Knut Hamsun, was published in 2003.
He died in Boston, Massachusetts, on October 26, 2012, at age 100 of Parkinson's diseaseDean of Lincoln Scholars
Current came late to the study of Abraham Lincoln, having published books on 19th century political leaders Thaddeus Stevens, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun, and the history of the typewriter when he was asked to complete a 4-volume biography of Lincoln begun by his University of Illinois colleague James G. Randall, who had finished three volumes before his 1953 death. Current wrote at least half of the fourth volume Lincoln the President: Midstream to the Last Full Measure (1955), which won the prestigious Bancroft Prize from Columbia University, establishing his reputation.
Drawn to what he called the "perpetual timeliness" and "eternal relevance" of Lincoln's life, Current went on to write seven more books about him. One of his most influential books was The Lincoln Nobody Knows (1958), which delved into the seemingly contradictory elements of Lincoln's life and thought, particularly his views on slavery and race, showing how he overcame the narrow thinking of his childhood in the backwoods of Kentucky and Indiana where racist and white supremacist views were common.
"The most remarkable thing about him was his tremendous power for growth", Current wrote in The Lincoln Nobody Knows. "He grew in sympathy, in the breadth of his humaneness, as he grew in other aspects of the mind and spirit. In more ways than one he succeeded in breaking through the narrow bounds of his early environment." "The awful fact of the assassination falls between us and the man. It is like a garish, bloodstained glass, in which all perspectives are distorted."
His 1963 book Lincoln and the First Shot sought to dispel many myths about Lincoln, including the theory that some of the members of his cabinet were in on the assassination conspiracy. Current described how Lincoln built a unity of purpose in the Northern states before the Civil War began in earnest, claiming that Lincoln had a more sophisticated knowledge of law, economics, and military tactics than earlier historians had believed.
Debate with Gore Vidal
After Gore Vidal published his 1984 novel Lincoln, Current began a running feud in the pages of The New York Review of Books, accusing Vidal of willfully distorting the historical record, misrepresenting Lincoln's views, and "utter ignorance" of the linguistic differences between British English and American English because he spelled "jewelry" and "practice" in the British way. "He is wrong on big as well as little matters", Current commented. "Vidal simply doesn't know what he's talking about".
Works
*Old Thad Stevens: A Story of Ambition, 1942.
*Pine Logs and Politics: A Life of Philetus Sawyer, 1816–1900, 1950.
*The Typewriter and the Men Who Made It, 1954.
*Secretary Stimson: A Study in Statecraft (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N.J., 1954) [https://archive.org/details/seretarystimsona006740mbp read online]
*Daniel Webster and the Rise of National Conservatism (1955) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Daniel_Webster_and_the_Rise_of_National.html?id=uWtO6BkTLeYC read online]
*Lincoln the President: Last Full Measure (with James G. Randall) (1955) (Bancroft Prize) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Lincoln_the_President_Etc.html?id=5K89kgAACAAJ read online]
*The Lincoln Nobody Knows (1958) [https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Lincoln_Nobody_Knows.html?id=ekj2pdN2JhAC read online]
*"God and the Strongest Battalions," in Donald, David Herbert, ed., Why the North Won the Civil War, 1960.
*American History: A Survey (with Frank Freidel and T. Harry Williams), 1961.
*Lincoln and the First Shot (J. B. Lippincott & Co., New York, 1963) [https://archive.org/details/lincolnfirstshot00curr read online]
*John C. Calhoun, 1963.
*United States History (with A. DeConde and H. L. Dante), 1967.
*Three Carpetbag Governors, 1967.
*Essentials of American History (with others) (New York: Knopf, 1972, 1980) [https://books.google.com/books/about/Essentials_of_American_History.html?id=Lzk7mwEACAAJ read online]
*United States History: A World Power (with A. DeConde and H. L. Dante), 1974.
*United States History: Search for Freedom (with A. DeConde and H. L. Dante), 1974.
*Wisconsin: The Civil War Era 1848–1873, 1976.
*Wisconsin: A Bicentennial History, 1977.
*Unity, Ethnicity, and Abraham Lincoln, 1978.
*A History of the United States to 1877 (with Gerald J. Goodwin and Paula Angle Franklin), 1980. First edition with T. Harry Williams and Frank Freidel, 1959.
*Speaking of Abraham Lincoln: The Man and His Meaning for Our Times, 1983.
*Northernizing the South, 1983.
*Arguing with Historians: Essays on the Historical and the Unhistorical, 1987.
*Those Terrible Carpetbaggers, 1988.
*Lincoln, the Constitution, and Presidential Leadership, 1989.
*Daniel Webster: "The Completest Man", Lebanon, New Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1990 (essays by Current and others).
*Phi Beta Kappa in American Life: The First Two Hundred Years, 1990.
*''Lincoln's Loyalists: Union Soldiers from the Confederacy, Boston, Massachusetts: Northeastern University Press, 1992.
*Encyclopedia of the Confederacy (editor), 1993.
*What Is an American? Abraham Lincoln and "Multiculturalism", Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Marquette University Press, 1993.
*Lincoln on Democracy (with others), 1994.
*Loie Fuller, Goddess of Light (with Marcia Ewing Current), 1997.
*Knut Hamsun Remembers America: Essays and Stories, 1885–1949'' (translator), 2003.
References
External links
*[http://www.library.illinois.edu/archives/archon/?pdigitallibrary/digitalcontent&id3467 Richard N. Current | University of Illinois Archives]
Category:1912 births
Category:2012 deaths
Category:The Fletcher School at Tufts University alumni
Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Category:Rutgers University faculty
Category:Hamilton College (New York) faculty
Category:Northern Michigan University faculty
Category:Lawrence University faculty
Category:University of Illinois faculty
Category:University of North Carolina at Greensboro faculty
Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Category:Oberlin College alumni
Category:Historians from New York (state)
Category:Historians of race relations
Category:American men centenarians
Category:Writers from Colorado
Category:Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Professors of American History
Category:People from Pueblo County, Colorado
Category:Biographers of Abraham Lincoln
Category:Bancroft Prize winners
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_N._Current
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.563676
|
25868391
|
1998 Woking Borough Council election
|
The 1998 Woking Council election took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of Woking Borough Council in Surrey, England. One third of the council was up for election and the Liberal Democrats lost overall control of the council to no overall control.
After the election, the composition of the council was
*Liberal Democrat 16
*Conservative 11
*Labour 7
*Independent 1}}
References
1998
Category:1998 English local elections
Category:1990s in Surrey
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998_Woking_Borough_Council_election
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.566801
|
25868395
|
Las Cruces Vaqueros
|
}}
The Las Cruces Vaqueros were a professional baseball team based in Las Cruces, New Mexico that began play in 2010 and ended in 2015. The Vaqueros played in the Pecos League of Professional Baseball Clubs, an independent baseball league which is not affiliated with Major or Minor League Baseball.
Las Cruces Vaqueros played their home games at Apodoca Park, which seats 1,500 fans. The team did not field a team in the Pecos League in 2013, though they did participate in the Pecos Spring League in March 2013. The team returned to the Pecos League for 2015, though did not return in 2016.
Year-by-year record
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Record
!Manager
|-
|2010
|32–15
|Bobby Brown
|-
|2011
|35–32
|Miguel Gomez
|-
|2012
|42–28
|Casey Dill
|-
|2015
|18–50
|Darrell Carrillo
|}
External links
*[http://www.lascrucesvaqueros.com/ Las Cruces Vaqueros home page]
Category:Pecos League teams
Category:Professional baseball teams in New Mexico
Category:2010 establishments in New Mexico
Category:Defunct independent baseball league teams
Category:Baseball teams established in 2010
Category:Defunct baseball teams in New Mexico
Category:Baseball teams disestablished in 2015
Category:Sports in Las Cruces, New Mexico
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Cruces_Vaqueros
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.568760
|
25868396
|
1986 European Tour
|
–
| no_of_events = 26
| most_wins = Seve Ballesteros (6)
| honor1 = Order of Merit
| honoree1 = Seve Ballesteros
| honor2 = Golfer of the Year
| honoree2 = Seve Ballesteros
| honor3 = Sir Henry Cotton Rookie of the Year
| honoree3 = José María Olazábal
| honor4 | honoree4
| prevseason = 1985
| nextseason = 1987
}}
The 1986 European Tour, titled as the 1986 PGA European Tour, was the 15th season of the European Tour, the main professional golf tour in Europe since its inaugural season in 1972.Changes for 1986There were several changes from the previous season, with the addition of the Epson Grand Prix of Europe Matchplay Championship and the PLM Open; the return of the Bell's Scottish Open, as the Glasgow Open was rebranded, and the loss of the GSI L'Equipe Open.
Before the season started, the Tunisian Open, scheduled as the opening event opposite the Masters Tournament, was cancelled after sponsors withdrew funding for the event.
Order of Merit minimum tournaments
In 1986 the minimum number of tournaments needed to qualify for the Order of Merit was increased from seven to nine.
Schedule
The following table lists official events during the 1986 season.
{| class"wikitable" style"font-size:95%"
!Date
!Tournament
!Host country
!Purse<br>(£)
!Winner
!OWGR<br>points
!Notes
|-
|<s>13 Apr</s>
|Tunisian Open
|Tunisia
|align=center|–
|Cancelled
|align=center|–
|
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|13 Apr
|Masters Tournament
|United States
|align=right|US$785,000
| Jack Nicklaus (n/a)
|align=center|100
|Major championship
|-
|20 Apr
|Suze Open
|France
|align=right|100,000
| John Bland (2)
|align=center|20
|
|-
|27 Apr
|Cepsa Madrid Open
|Spain
|align=right|125,000
| Howard Clark (7)
|align=center|20
|
|-
|4 May
|Italian Open
|Italy
|align=right|100,000
| David Feherty (1)
|align=center|20
|
|-
|11 May
|Epson Grand Prix of Europe Matchplay Championship
|Wales
|align=right|125,000
| Ove Sellberg (1)
|align=center|20
|New tournament<br>Limited-field event
|-
|18 May
|Peugeot Spanish Open
|Spain
|align=right|150,000
| Howard Clark (8)
|align=center|40
|
|-
|26 May
|Whyte & Mackay PGA Championship
|England
|align=right|200,000
| Rodger Davis (2)
|align=center|40
|
|-
|1 Jun
|London Standard Four Stars National Pro-Celebrity
|England
|align=right|150,000
| Antonio Garrido (5)
|align=center|20
|Pro-Am
|-
|8 Jun
|Dunhill British Masters
|England
|align=right|200,000
| Seve Ballesteros (28)
|align=center|40
|
|-
|15 Jun
|Jersey Open
|Jersey
|align=right|80,000
| John Morgan (1)
|align=center|20
|
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|15 Jun
|U.S. Open
|United States
|align=right|US$700,000
| Raymond Floyd (n/a)
|align=center|100
|Major championship
|-
|22 Jun
|Carroll's Irish Open
|Ireland
|align=right|200,000
| Seve Ballesteros (29)
|align=center|40
|
|-
|28 Jun
|Johnnie Walker Monte Carlo Open
|France
|align=right|150,000
| Seve Ballesteros (30)
|align=center|20
|
|-
|7 Jul
|Peugeot Open de France
|France
|align=right|125,000
| Seve Ballesteros (31)
|align=center|40
|
|-
|12 Jul
|Car Care Plan International
|England
|align=right|100,000
| Mark Mouland (1)
|align=center|20
|
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|20 Jul
|The Open Championship
|Scotland
|align=right|600,000
| Greg Norman (10)
|align=center|100
|Major championship
|-
|27 Jul
|KLM Dutch Open
|Netherlands
|align=right|150,000
| Seve Ballesteros (32)
|align=center|40
|
|-
|3 Aug
|Scandinavian Enterprise Open
|Sweden
|align=right|150,000
| Greg Turner (1)
|align=center|40
|
|-
|10 Aug
|PLM Open
|Sweden
|align=right|125,000
| Peter Senior (1)
|align=center|20
|New to European Tour
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|10 Aug
|PGA Championship
|United States
|align=right|US$800,000
| Bob Tway (n/a)
|align=center|100
|Major championship
|-
|17 Aug
|Benson & Hedges International Open
|England
|align=right|175,000
| Mark James (8)
|align=center|40
|
|-
|24 Aug
|Bell's Scottish Open
|Scotland
|align=right|125,000
| David Feherty (2)
|align=center|20
|
|-
|31 Aug
|German Open
|West Germany
|align=right|175,000
| Bernhard Langer (15)
|align=center|24
|
|-
|7 Sep
|Ebel European Masters Swiss Open
|Switzerland
|align=right|275,000
| José María Olazábal (1)
|align=center|40
|
|-
|14 Sep
|Panasonic European Open
|England
|align=right|200,000
| Greg Norman (11)
|align=center|44
|
|-
|21 Sep
|Lawrence Batley International T.P.C.
|England
|align=right|125,000
| Ian Woosnam (4)
|align=center|20
|
|-
|12 Oct
|Sanyo Open
|Spain
|align=right|175,000
| José María Olazábal (2)
|align=center|40
|
|-
|19 Oct
|Trophée Lancôme
|France
|align=right|175,000
| Seve Ballesteros (33)<br> Bernhard Langer (16)
|align=center|34
|Title shared<br>Limited-field event
|-
|26 Oct
|Portuguese Open
|Portugal
|align=right|100,000
| Mark McNulty (3)
|align=center|20
|
|}
Unofficial events
The following events were sanctioned by the European Tour, but did not carry official money, nor were wins official.
{| class"wikitable" style"font-size:95%"
!Date
!Tournament
!Host country
!Purse<br>(£)
!Winner(s)
!OWGR<br>points
!Notes
|-
|28 Sep
|Dunhill Cup
|Scotland
|align=right|US$1,000,000
| Team Australia
|align=center|n/a
|Team event
|-
|5 Oct
|Suntory World Match Play Championship
|England
|align=right|175,000
| Greg Norman
|align=center|32
|Limited-field event
|}
Order of Merit
The Order of Merit was titled as the Epson Order of Merit and was based on prize money won during the season, calculated in Pound sterling.
{| class="wikitable"
!Position !! Player !! Prize money (£)
|-
|aligncenter|1 || Seve Ballesteros || aligncenter|242,209
|-
|aligncenter|2 || José María Olazábal || aligncenter|136,775
|-
|aligncenter|3 || Howard Clark || aligncenter|121,903
|-
|aligncenter|4 || Ian Woosnam || aligncenter|111,799
|-
|aligncenter|5 || Gordon J. Brand || aligncenter|106,314
|-
|aligncenter|6 || Mark McNulty || aligncenter|101,327
|-
|aligncenter|7 || Rodger Davis || aligncenter|95,429
|-
|aligncenter|8 || Anders Forsbrand || aligncenter|84,706
|-
|aligncenter|9 || Ronan Rafferty || aligncenter|80,336
|-
|aligncenter|10 || Gordon Brand Jnr || aligncenter|78,639
|}
Awards
{| class="wikitable"
!Award!!Winner!!
|-
| Golfer of the Year || Seve Ballesteros ||
|-
| Sir Henry Cotton Rookie of the Year || José María Olazábal ||
|}
Notes
References
External links
*
Category:European Tour seasons
European Tour
European Tour
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_European_Tour
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.588347
|
25868401
|
La Pointe Courte
|
| cinematography = Louis Stein<br>Paul Soulignac<br>Louis Soulanes<br>Bernard Grasberg
| editing = Alain Resnais<br>Anne Sarraute
| studio | distributor
| released = (Cannes)<br> (France)
| runtime = 80 minutes
| country = France
| language = French
| budget = $14,000
| gross =
}}
La Pointe Courte is a 1955 French drama film directed by Agnès Varda (in her directorial debut). It has been cited by many critics as a forerunner of the French New Wave, with the historian Georges Sadoul calling it "truly the first film of the nouvelle vague". The film was shot and takes place in Sète in the south of France, "La Pointe Courte" ("short point") being a tiny quarter of the town, known as the fisherman's village.Plot
In La Pointe Courte, the fisherman's quarter of the French Mediterranean port of Sète, the local Board of Health has prohibited the fisherman from harvesting shellfish from a small lagoon, saying it is contaminated with bacteria. The fishermen think politics, not safety, is behind the decision, however, and continue to fish wherever they want, flaunting the rules and oversight with help from their families and community, while they make plans to independently test the water.
A young woman arrives on the train from Paris to be with her husband, who arrived five days earlier. She is from Paris, while he grew up in La Pointe Courte, but has not been back for 12 years. The couple have found themselves drifting apart after four years of marriage, and, although she says she only came to tell him that she wants a divorce, she agrees to stick around for a few days and talk about it.
A young fisherman, Raphäel Scotto, is caught breaking the rules by the coastal patrol, who report him. The wife and husband discuss their relationship while they wander around town, her describing her dissatisfaction that their love is not as exciting as it used to be, and him saying that love changes over time. One of the seven young children of a local single mother gets sick and dies.
When the police come to take Raphäel to Montpellier to serve his 5-day jail sentence, the officers allow him to collect his things alone and meet them at the train later, saving him the embarrassment of being seen with them. He passes the house of his girlfriend, Anna Soldino, and her father, Jules, becomes enraged when they smile at each other. Jules thinks Anna is too young to date, but her mother and grandparents think it is alright. The news comes that the water test is positive for bacterial contamination. There is suspicion of foul play, but some fishermen begin to avoid the small lagoon, if only to avoid getting hassled by the authorities.
Talking and spending time where her husband was raised helps the wife to understand him better, and she begins to change her mind about leaving him. They go to the local water jousts, which are held every Sunday in summer, and she is enchanted by the novelty, while he enjoys the nostalgia. Raphäel, who has only served three days of his jail sentence, was able to secure a temporary release to participate, and he acquits himself well, earning the approval of Jules.
That evening, there is a neighborhood party. Raphäel and Anna dance together, and her family enjoys themselves, though they know that having fun does not solve their problems, which will all be waiting for them in the morning. The wife tells her husband that she has come to see the value of their more mature love and that they are bound to each other forever. They walk through the dance and, together, take the train back to Paris.
Cast
* Silvia Monfort as her
* Philippe Noiret as him
The rest of the cast is made up of locals from Sète, such as Albert, Rossette, and André (Dédé) Lubrano, who portray one branch of the film's Soldino family, and Anna Banegas and Marcel Jouet, who play Anna Soldino and Raphäel Scotto, the young local couple in the film.
Themes
In a 1962 interview, Varda spoke of the two narrative threads present in the film: "a couple reconsidering their relationship and a village that is trying to resolve several collective problems of survival". In her 2018 documentary film The Beaches of Agnès, she says the structure of La Pointe Courte was inspired by William Faulkner's 1939 novel The Wild Palms.
In the magazine Cineaste, film journalist Jonathan Kirshner pointed out methods and themes in La Pointe Courte that would recur in Varda's subsequent films, namely "a blend of documentary and fiction, detailed attentiveness to the economic conditions of the working class, subtle observations about the gender dynamics of social and familial relations, and, of course, the notable presence of cats." Artist Valentine Schlegel, a friend of Varda, served as the film's artistic adviser.ReleaseLa Pointe Courte was first screened at the Cannes Film Festival in May 1955. Its premiere in Paris took place on January 4, 1956, at the Studio Parnasse, on a bill with Jean Vigo's 1930 short documentary film À propos de Nice.ReferencesExternal links
*
*
Category:1955 films
Category:French drama films
Category:1950s French-language films
Category:1955 drama films
Category:Films directed by Agnès Varda
Category:French black-and-white films
Category:French independent films
Category:1955 directorial debut films
Category:1950s French films
Category:Films set in Occitania (administrative region)
Category:French-language drama films
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Pointe_Courte
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.592325
|
25868409
|
Tommaso Besozzi
|
|birth_place = Vigevano, Italy
|death_date
|death_place = Rome, Italy
|other_names |known_for Investigative journalism
|occupation = Journalist
}}
Tommaso Francesco Besozzi (20 January 1903 – 18 November 1964), also known as Tom, was an Italian journalist and writer. He is considered to be one of the most important post-war journalists of Italy and his writing style earned him the epithet "Hemingway of Europeo".
Early life
Born in Vigevano in Lombardy, northern Italy, in a rather affluent family, he was one of four children; one sister and two brothers, who both were killed in World War I. He studied at university, first mathematics in Bologna and later at the Faculty of Arts in Pavia.
In 1947 he moved to the weekly magazine ''L'Europeo, for which he wrote important investigative reports. His style earned him the epithet “Hemingway of Europeo”.
Rumour has it that when Hemingway was asked in the 1950s if an Italian Hemingway existed, he said: “You also have one who writes like me: Tommaso Besozzi."
In February 1947 he wrote a historical article on the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus, when Italian citizens were leaving Pola, when the regions of Istria, Dalmatia, and Venezia Giulia, were handed over to Yugoslavia after the Paris Peace Treaty.
In 1948 he published an article in L'Europeo, showing the misery and hunger of the people of Africo, in the Aspromonte mountains, in Calabria. The article, entitled "Africo, symbol of disparity", and the series of documentary photographs by Tino Petrelli produced an outrage from national public opinion which, at the time, was rediscovering the dramatic situation of the "southern question".
In July 1950, he wrote an article about the mysterious death of the Sicilian bandit Salvatore Giuliano, shot and killed in Castelvetrano. According to the police, Giuliano died resisting arrest. However, Besozzi soon exposed the official version as fiction. The headline of the article read: "The only thing certain is that he is dead." The article established his name and is often mentioned as one of the examples of investigative journalism in Italy.
In the 1950s he returned to Africa as a special correspondent for ''L'Europeo and Gente. His articles were later published in the book Il sogno del settimo viaggio'' (The dream of the seventh journey).
Bibliography
* Mannucci, Enrico (ed.) (1995). I giornali non sono scarpe. Tommaso Besozzi una vita da prima pagina. Baldini Castoldi Dalai, .
* Mannucci, Enrico (ed) (1999). Tommaso Besozzi. Il sogno del settimo viaggio. Rome: Fazi, .
References
*Petacco, Arrigo (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?idhhD0R8DBr_UC&pgPA109 A tragedy revealed: the story of the Italian population of Istria, Dalmatia, and Venezia Giulia, 1943-1956], University of Toronto Press,
External links
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120302164629/http://www.assorolandi.it/biografiabesozzi.html Una biografia]
Category:1903 births
Category:1964 deaths
Category:Italian male journalists
Category:20th-century Italian journalists
Category:1964 suicides
Category:20th-century Italian male writers
Category:Suicides by explosive device
Category:Suicides in Italy
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Besozzi
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.596219
|
25868432
|
SRT Communications
|
SRT Communications (formerly Souris River Telecommunications) is the largest telecommunications cooperative in North Dakota, serving customers with Internet, Security Alarm and Video Surveillance, Phone, and Business Phone Systems and services.
The company is governed by a twelve-member Board of Directors covering four districts. As a cooperative, patronage capital credits are awarded to member customers.
History and milestones
In 1951, the Verendrye Electric Cooperative board of directors established the Souris River Telephone Mutual Aid Corporation to bring telephone service to those living in the rural areas of McHenry and Ward Counties. The first telephone exchange, the town of Martin, was purchased for $500 and had 82 telephone customers. In 1960, Minot Air Force Base became SRT's largest phone exchange, and by 1970 rotary dial telephones were replaced with touch pad style phones. In 1980, SRT began to sell cable television service, first available in the town of Westhope.
Although telephone cooperatives usually operate within set boundaries, in 1990 SRT reached outside their traditional territory to install telephone wire throughout the 17 floors of the North Dakota State Capitol building. Again expanding their offerings, in 1990 SRT became an agent to CommNet 2000, handling a new cellular phone system in Minot, and in 1992 opened their own long distance company. In 1994, SRT acquired Minot Telephone Company (formerly Northern States Power Telephone), the state's largest independent phone company serving approximately 25,000 lines in Minot, Burlington and Surrey.
In the late 1990s, SRT added Internet and Wireless Phones to their services, and in 2007 purchased the Velva telephone exchange from North Dakota Telephone Company in Devils Lake.
SRT Communications joined the State of North Dakota in suing telemarketing company WebSmart Interactive in 2003. The company owed SRT over $140,000 in unpaid bills.
In 2004, SRT employees James Newman and Dennis Schott were recognized by the Excellence in Leadership Award Program of the National Telecommunication Cooperative Association for their contributions to rural telecommunications in North Dakota.
According to general manager Steve Lysne, SRT Communications has built much of the infrastructure for rural broadband in North Dakota and would not need funds from the 2009 Stimulus Package. SRT has worked to expand the number of 9-1-1 towers in Ward County and was awarded a Community Public Safety Award from the Ward County Emergency Management Department in 2008.
Today, as North Dakota's largest telephone cooperative, SRT Communications, Inc. employs over 200 people and serves approximately 99,000 telephone customers in north central North Dakota.
Products and services
Internet
SRT provides Internet service to rural and city homes through copper and fiber optic cable.
Security systems
Home and business security systems are monitored 24 hours by a UL approved monitoring station. Video surveillance specializing in home, farm and ranch, and small business is also available.
Personal home safety
SRT offers Home Safety systems in which a person can push a button to alert the 24-hour monitoring station to contact family or authorities in case of a fall, break in, or other emergency.
Telephone
SRT offers landline telephone, long distance, and calling features such as voice mail and caller ID.
Business services
SRT provides advanced voice, data and wireless communications systems to businesses of all sizes.
References
External links
Official website
Category:Telephone cooperatives in the United States
Category:Telecommunications companies of the United States
Category:Cooperatives based in North Dakota
Category:Telecommunications companies established in 1951
Category:1951 establishments in North Dakota
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRT_Communications
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.598835
|
25868439
|
Russell Tollefson
|
| birth_place = Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place = Glendale, California, U.S.
| team | number
| status | position1
| height_ft | height_in
| weight_lb | college Minnesota
| coaching_years1 = 1917–1919
| coaching_team1 = Grinnell
| coaching_years2 = 1922
| coaching_team2 = Minneapolis Marines
| career_highlights | CoachPFR TollRu0
}}
Russell Ingwald Tollefson (September 27, 1891 – May 13, 1962) was an American football coach in the National Football League (NFL) for the Minneapolis Marines. He coached the team in 1922, posting a 5–3 overall record and a 1–3 NFL record.
References
*
Category:1891 births
Category:1962 deaths
Category:Grinnell Pioneers football coaches
Category:Minneapolis Marines coaches
Category:Sports coaches from Minneapolis
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Tollefson
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.600561
|
25868459
|
Cultural consumer
|
thumb | right | Same image for same subject in different languagesThe cultural consumer describes a person who avidly consumes art, books, music, and live cultural events within a society. With the rise of expressive technologies, cultural consumers have harnessed the Internet to fuel their own creative efforts. The term was coined by author Patricia Martin in her book, The Rise of the Cultural Consumer and What It Means For Your Business, in which she suggests that the convergence of art, technology and entertainment is remaking the American consumer.
This new type of consumer values creativity, design and the power of personal values. These consumers will look toward companies that can "present an offering that solves a problem, does some good, and delivers aesthetically". They also look for products that engage the senses as a way to discern truth. In other words, they believe what they can experience. Authenticity is paramount, and stories and images are powerful means for communicating messages.
Although cultural consumers may have once represented a small segment of the population, this group is rapidly expanding through access to technology and the Internet. Recent research indicates that these consumers are connected, active in their communities, and creative. Additionally, they "aspire to be viewed as thinking, expressive human beings rather than mass market targets."
References
Category:Consumer behaviour
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_consumer
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.602475
|
25868462
|
The Canadiens, Forever
|
| image = Pour-toujours-les-canadiens.jpg
| caption = Theatrical poster
| director = Sylvain Archambault
| producer = Cité-Amérique <br> Luc Martineau <br /> Lorraine Richard
| writer = Jacques Savoie
| narrator | starring Dhanaé Audet-Beaulieu <br> Antoine L'Écuyer <br> Céline Bonnier <br> Christian Bégin <br> Jean Lapointe <br> Denis Bernard
| music | cinematography Jérôme Sabourin
| editing = Yvann Thibaudeau
| distributor = TVA Films
| released
| runtime | country Canada
| language = French
| budget | gross
}}
The Canadiens, Forever () is a 2009 Quebec long-feature film, about the Montreal Canadiens centennial celebrations written by Jacques Savoie and directed by Sylvain Archambault. The film was launched in theaters on 4 December 2009, the anniversary day of establishment of the Montreal Canadiens enterprise.
Synopsis
At 17, William Lanctôt-Couture (played by Dhanaé Audet-Beaulieu), an ice hockey star player passes through rough times and a depression prior to Christmas. He is unmotivated and lacks purpose and his coach criticizes him for his lack of team spirit. Meanwhile, the troubled player's father Benoît (Christian Bégin) is preoccupied with completing a documentary film about the Montreal Canadiens to the detriment of his family obligations and to the detriment of his player son. His mother Michelle (Céline Bonnier), a nurse, is deeply affected by one of her young patients, Daniel Delage (Antoine L'Écuyer) who at just 10 is awaiting a kidney transplant. William befriends Daniel, a huge ice hockey and Canadiens fan and most of the team is showing up at the hospital to meet Daniel..
Cast
* Dhanaé Audet-Beaulieu : William Lanctôt-Couture
* Antoine L'Écuyer : Daniel Delage
* Céline Bonnier : Michelle Lanctôt-Couture (William's mother)
* Christian Bégin : Benoît Lanctôt-Couture (William's father)
* Jean Lapointe : Ice resurfacer at the Bell Centre
* Denis Bernard : Doctor
* Claude Legault
* Stéphane Jacques
* Réal Bossé
* Émilien Néron
* Doug Jarvis : Himself
* Jean Béliveau : Himself
* Roland Melanson : Himself
* Kirk Muller : Himself
* Guy Carbonneau : Himself
* Montreal Canadiens players of 2008-2009 season: Themselves
Launching
The film was shown as a pre-premiere on 16 November 2009, at Bell Centre, home of the Canadiens. The film was launched on 4 December 2009 on the centenary of the franchise in 100 theatres throughout Quebec.
References
External links
* [http://www.pourtoujourslescanadiens.com/ Pour toujours, les Canadiens! Official site]
*
* [http://www.cinoche.com/films/pour-toujours-les-canadiens/index.html Pour toujours, les Canadiens! Cinoche page]
Category:Films shot in Montreal
Category:2000s French-language films
Category:Montreal Canadiens
Category:Films directed by Sylvain Archambault
Category:2009 films
Category:Canadian ice hockey films
Category:French-language Canadian films
Category:2000s Canadian films
Category:Canadian sports drama films
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canadiens,_Forever
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.605930
|
25868477
|
Radisson Blu
|
| location =
* Jinjiang International
* Radisson Hotel Group
}}
| parent | homepage
| area_served = Worldwide
| alt = Radisson Blu Logo
| locations = 324 (2022)
}}
Radisson Blu is an international hotel brand managed and operated by Radisson Hotels, and owned by Choice Hotels, Jinjiang International and the Radisson Hotel Group. Founded as the SAS Hotels in 1960, the Radisson Blu brand name came into existence in 2006 with a rebranding of Radisson SAS. It operates in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region with 324 operating worldwide .
History
in Copenhagen, designed by Arne Jacobsen.]]
Foundation as SAS Hotels
SAS Hotels has roots dating to the opening of the then named SAS Royal Hotel in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1960. Architect Arne Jacobsen designed every aspect of the hotel for the SAS Group, from the building, to the now-iconic furniture (including the Egg chair), to the tableware. The hotel was initially operated by the catering division of the group, but merged with the hospitality division to become SAS Catering and Hotels. The name ‘Blu’ was chosen as part of a research project to find a new visual identity as the company sought to replace the familiar SAS blue box.
Radisson Blu entered the United States market with the opening of its first hotel in Chicago, Illinois in 2011. The hotel occupies part of the Aqua skyscraper developed by Studio Gang Architects. In 2013, it opened its second location. It was connected to the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota. In 2010, Radisson Blu was named the largest upper upscale hotel chain in Europe.
Concept
Radisson Blu hotels are mainly located in major cities, key airport gateways and leisure destinations. It is described as an "upper upscale" hotel brand.
See also
*2015 Bamako hotel attack
*AquaDom
Notes
References
External links
Category:SAS Group
Category:Radisson Hotel Group brands
Category:Rezidor Hotel Group
Category:Hotels established in 1960
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radisson_Blu
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.610275
|
25868492
|
Baptist World Mission
|
Baptist World Mission (BWM) is an independent, Baptist missionary agency located at 201 Gordon Drive SW in Decatur, Alabama; it also has a center in New Brunswick, Canada.
BWM was established in 1961 in Chicago.
In 2021, they had a recorded income of approximately $260,000.
In 2023, BWM has more than 240 missionaries in 49 countries worldwide, and over 4,000 churches and individuals who financially support them.
References
Sources
BWM official website, History, archived
BWM official website, History, archived
External links
BJU Press website, Be Ye Holy: The Call to Christian Separation
BJU Press website
Baptist World Mission
https://web.archive.org/web/20100131053157/http://www.mbbc.edu/seminary/
Category:Christian organizations established in 1961
Category:Independent Baptist missionary societies
Category:1961 establishments in Alabama
Category:Decatur, Alabama
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptist_World_Mission
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.613296
|
25868508
|
The Jazz Age (film)
|
| runtime = 64 minutes<br>(7 reels; 6246 ft.)
| country = United States
| language = Sound (Part-Talkie)<br>English Intertitles
| budget | gross
}}
The Jazz Age (1929) is a sound part-talkie film starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Marceline Day, and Joel McCrea in his first leading role. In addition to sequences with audible dialogue or talking sequences, the film features a synchronized musical score and sound effects along with English intertitles. The film, directed by Lynn Shores and written by Randolph Bartlett, was released by RKO Radio Pictures soon after RKO was created from Film Booking Offices of America, RCA, and the Keith-Albee-Orpheum theater chain.
Plot
Steve Maxwell (Fairbanks) and Sue Randall (Day), during an escapade, wreck one of her father's streetcars. The elder Randall uses this incident to stop the elder Maxwell (Walthall) from opposing Randall's illegal contract with the city. When Steve tells all to the city council, Mr. Randall (Ratcliffe) threatens Steve with arrest, Sue admits her culpability, and announces her intentions of marrying Steve.
Cast
* Douglas Fairbanks Jr. as Steve Maxwell
* Marceline Day as Sue Randall
* Henry B. Walthall as Mr. Maxwell (billed as H. B. Walthall)
* Myrtle Stedman as Mrs. Maxwell
* Gertrude Messinger as Marjorie
* Joel McCrea as Todd Sayles
* William Bechtel as Mr. Sayles
* E. J. Ratcliffe as Mr. Randall
* Ione Holmes as Ellen McBride
* Edgar Dearing as Motor Cop
Preservation status
* The film is preserved in the Library of Congress collection Packard Campus for Audio-Visual Conservation.
Production background
Like the majority of early sound films, RKO released The Jazz Age in a cut-down edited silent version for those theatres not yet equipped for sound. The sound part-talkie version was recorded using the RCA Photophone sound system.
There was a later documentary film produced by NBC News Project 20, narrated by Fred Allen also titled The Jazz Age (1956), and a 15-episode TV series of the same name on the BBC (1968). Both the IMDB and TCM websites, for the 1929 film, show the 1956 film as available on DVD for purchase. No information is given about the availability of the 1929 title.
See also
* List of early sound feature films (1926–1929)
References
External links
*
*
* [http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s&Movie9999 The AFI Catalog of Feature Films: The Jazz Age](AFI Catalog)
Category:American silent feature films
Category:Transitional sound films
Category:1920s English-language films
Category:1929 films
Category:Films set in the Roaring Twenties
Category:American black-and-white films
Category:Film Booking Offices of America films
Category:Films directed by Lynn Shores
Category:1920s American films
Category:Part-talkie films
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jazz_Age_(film)
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.618070
|
25868548
|
Big Creek State Marine Reserve and Marine Conservation Area
|
| area | established 1994
| visitation_num | visitation_year
| governing_body = California Department of Parks and Recreation
}}
Big Creek State Marine Reserve (SMR) and Big Creek State Marine Conservation Area (SMCA) are two adjoining marine protected areas that lie offshore of Big Sur on California's central coast. The combined area of these marine protected areas is . The SMR protects all marine life within its boundaries. Fishing and take of all living marine resources is prohibited. Within the SMCA fishing and take of all living marine resources is prohibited except the commercial and recreational take of salmon, albacore, and the commercial take of spot prawn.HistoryBig Creek SMR was established in 1994 and Big Creek SMCA was established in September 2007 by the California Fish & Game Commission. It was one of 29 marine protected areas adopted during the first phase of the Marine Life Protection Act Initiative. The Marine Life Protection Act Initiative (or MLPAI) is a collaborative public process to create a statewide network of marine protected areas along the California coastline.
Recreation and nearby attractions
Adjacent Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park provides hiking trails, including an overlook trail to McWay Falls, an waterfall that drops into the cove below.
California's marine protected areas encourage recreational and educational uses of the ocean. Activities such as kayaking, diving, snorkeling, and swimming are allowed unless otherwise restricted.
Scientific monitoring
As specified by the Marine Life Protection Act, select marine protected areas along California's central coast are being monitored by scientists to track their effectiveness and learn more about ocean health. Similar studies in marine protected areas located off of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands have already detected gradual improvements in fish size and number.
Local scientific and educational institutions involved in the monitoring include Stanford University's Hopkins Marine Station, University of California Santa Cruz, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. Research methods include hook-and-line sampling, intertidal and scuba diver surveys, and the use of Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) submarines.
References
External links
*[http://www.californiampas.org California MPAs]
*[http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/phase1.asp Marine Life Protection Act Initiative]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130324010038/http://www.caloceans.org/ CalOceans]
*[http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=578 Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park ]
*[http://www.bigsurcalifornia.org/ Big Sur Chamber of Commerce]
*[https://tourbuilder.withgoogle.com/builder#play/ahJzfmd3ZWItdG91cmJ1aWxkZXJyDAsSBFRvdXIYvrEhDA/ahJzfmd3ZWItdG91cmJ1aWxkZXJyIgsSBFRvdXIYvrEhDAsSCVBsYWNlbWFyaxiAgICAgICSCww Virtual tour]
Category:Marine sanctuaries in California
Category:Big Sur
Category:California Department of Fish and Wildlife areas
Category:California State Reserves
Category:Protected areas of Monterey County, California
Category:1994 establishments in California
Category:Protected areas established in 1994
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Creek_State_Marine_Reserve_and_Marine_Conservation_Area
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.622907
|
25868551
|
Richie Lamontagne
|
|weight=Cruiserweight
|birth_date=
|birth_place=Everett, Massachusetts, U.S.
|death_date|death_place
|style=Orthodox
|total=37
|wins=29
|KO=24
|losses=7
|draws=1
|no contests=0
}}
Richie Lamontagne, known as "The Mountain", born in Everett, Massachusetts, December 20, 1969, is a professional American boxer. Lamontagne's record is 29-7-1 with 24 knockouts. He is also an actor and model. He was U.S.B.F. Cruiserweight Champion, a title won in 1995 with a 9th-round knock out against Fred Adams of Clearwater, Florida. He defended his title six times, all by knockouts, then received a 12-round split decision loss to Kenny Keene in his home town of Boise, Idaho in 1998. In May 1998, after his loss in Biloxi, Mississippi, to the 1996 Olympic Gold Medalist, Vasily Jirov of Russia, his recognition in the world of boxing and his marketability increased. He appeared on television programs: E.T., Inside Edition, Hard Copy, and Extra. He also appeared in a number of feature films including: A Civil Action, Urban Relics, Moon over Miami, and appeared alongside Robert De Niro as Carmine in the 1999 film Flawless. He was featured in ''(G.Q.)Gentlemen's Quarterly Magazine'' with an 8-page spread in July 1998. Lamontagne has also done ad campaigns for Versace, Calvin Klien, Joe Boxer and Everlast, and appeared in advertisements for Reebok, Naturalizer Shoes, and Naked Fish. Lamontagne was a spokesman for MacPherson Men, an underwear/lingerie maker, for one year.Professional boxing record
|-
|align"center" colspan8|29 Wins (24 knockouts, 5 decisions, 0 disqualifications), 7 Losses, 1 Draw, 0 No Contests
|-
|aligncenter style"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Res.
|aligncenter style"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record
|aligncenter style"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent
|aligncenter style"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type
|aligncenter style"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Rd., Time
|aligncenter style"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date
|aligncenter style"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location
|aligncenter style"border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes
|-align=center
|Loss
|29-7-1
|align=left| Enzo Maccarinelli
|TKO || 4 , 1:04
|2005-01-21 || align=left| Bridgend, Wales, UK
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win
|29-6-1
|align=left| Allen Smith
|TKO || 1
|2004-10-08 || align=left| Creston, IA
|
|-align=center
|Loss
|28-6-1
|align=left| Chris Thomas
|TKO || 2 , 2:30
|2003-02-22 || align=left| Elk Grove Village, IL
|
|-align=center
|Loss
|28-5-1
|align=left| Dale Brown
|Decision || 10
|2003-08-01 || align=left| Hampton Beach, NH
|
|-align=center
|Win
|28-4-1
|align=left| Ernest M-16 Mateen
|TKO || 6
|2003-05-02 || align=left| Mashantucket, CT
|align=left|
|
|-align=center
|Win
|27-4-1
|align=left| Michael Bennett
|KO || 11
|2002-08-02 || align=left| Mashantucket, CT
|align=left|
|
|-align=center
|Win
|26-4-1
|align=left| Art Jimmerson
|TKO || 1
|2002-06-28 || align=left| Boston, MA
|align=left|
|
|-align=center
|Win
|25-4-1
|align=left| Wilfredo Muniz
|TKO || 2 , 1:05
|2002-03-22 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|24-4-1
|align=left| Dan Sheehan
|Decision || 6
|2002-01-25 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|23-4-1
|align=left| James Sealey
|KO || 1
|2001-11-10 || align=left| Savannah, GA
|
|-align=center
|Loss
|22-4-1
|align=left| Gary Wilcox
|Decision || 8
|2000-07-14 || align=left| Hampton Beach, NH
|
|-align=center
|Win
|22-3-1
|align=left| Brian Hollins
|TKO || 6
|2000-04-01 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|21-3-1
|align=left| Pascal David
|TKO || 5
|1999-09-30 || align=left| Cranston, RI
|
|-align=center
|Win
|20-3-1
|align=left| Calvin Smith
|TKO || 3
|1999-02-26 || align=left| Mashantucket, CT
|
|-align=center
|Loss
|19-3-1
|align=left| Sajad Abdul Aziz
|Decision || 8
|1998-09-25 || align=left| Mashantucket, CT
|
|-align=center
|Loss
|19-2-1
|align=left| Vassiliy Jirov
|Decision || 12
|1998-05-05 || align=left| Biloxi, MS
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Loss
|19-1
|align=left| Kenny Keene
|Decision || 12
|1998-01-16 || align=left| Boise, ID
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win
|19-0
|align=left| Art Bayliss
|Decision || 8
|1997-12-05 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|18-0
|align=left| Doug Davis
|TKO || 6
|1997-08-08 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|17-0
|align=left| Andre Sherrod
|KO || 1
|1997-06-28 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|16-0
|align=left| Domingo Monroe
|TKO || 8
|1996-06-06 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|15-0
|align=left| Jose Hiram Torres
|TKO || 5
|1995-11-25 || align=left| Stoughton, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|14-0
|align=left| Fred Adams
|KO || 9
|1995-08-24 || align=left| Somerville, MA
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Win
|13-0
|align=left| Jose Hiram Torres
|TKO || 1
|1995-06-27 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|12-0
|align=left| Tony Habibzai
|KO || 1
|1995-04-22 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|11-0
|align=left| Mike Soto
|KO || 1
|1995-03-14 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|10-0
|align=left| Ted Fencher
|KO || 1
|1995-01-28 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|9-0
|align=left| Willie Kemp
|TKO || 5
|1994-12-14 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|8-0
|align=left| Willie Kemp
|Decision || 6
|1994-09-17 || align=left| Revere, MA
|
|-align=center
|style="background: #dae2f1"|Draw
|7-0
|align=left| Ron Preston
|Decision || 6
|1994-08-11 || align=left| Malden, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|6-0
|align=left| Danny Chapman
|KO || 1
|1994-06-21 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|5-0
|align=left| Ed Kelly
|TKO || 1
|1994-03-15 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|4-0
|align=left| Jason Nicholson
|Decision || 4
|1994-01-23 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|3-0
|align=left| Gary McIntyre
|Decision || 4
|1993-12-03 || align=left| Salem, NH
|
|-align=center
|Win
|2-0
|align=left| Wayne Foster
|KO || 1
|1993-11-06 || align=left| Revere, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|1-0
|align=left| Muhammad Askai
|KO || 1
|1993-10-13 || align=left| Boston, MA
|
|-align=center
|Win
|0-0
|align=left| Wilbert Miranda
|KO || 1
|1993-09-10 || align=left| Revere, MA
|
Boxing championships and accomplishments
Titles
* USBF Cruiserweight Title 1995
* EBA Cruiserweight Title 2002
* IBA America's Super Cruiserweight Title 2002
References
External links
*
*
Category:1969 births
Category:Living people
Category:Cruiserweight boxers
Category:Sportspeople from Everett, Massachusetts
Category:American male boxers
Category:20th-century American sportsmen
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richie_Lamontagne
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.630508
|
25868553
|
Midland, Kansas
|
Midland is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas, United States.
References
Further reading
External links
* Douglas County maps: [https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/county-pdf/douglas.PDF Current], [https://www.ksdot.org/bureaus/burtransplan/maps/PastPublishedCounty.asp Historic], KDOT
Category:Unincorporated communities in Douglas County, Kansas
Category:Unincorporated communities in Kansas
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland,_Kansas
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.633530
|
25868562
|
1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships
|
Steffi Graf
| champd= Katrina Adams / Pam Shriver
}}
The '''1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships''' was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts in San Antonio, Texas in the United States and was part of the Category 3 tier of the 1989 WTA Tour. The tournament ran from February 27 through March 5, 1989. First-seeded Steffi Graf won her second consecutive singles title at the event.
Finals
Singles
Steffi Graf defeated Ann Henricksson 6–1, 6–4
* It was Graf's 3rd singles title of the year and the 33rd of her career.
Doubles
Katrina Adams / Pam Shriver defeated Patty Fendick / Jill Hetherington 3–6, 6–1, 6–4
* It was Adams' 2nd title of the year and the 6th of her career. It was Shriver's 4th title of the year and the 120th of her career.
References
External links
* [https://wtafiles.blob.core.windows.net/pdf/draws/archive/1989/602.pdf WTA tournament draws]
* [https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/san-antonio/usa/1989/w-wt-usa-05a-1989/draws-and-results/ ITF tournament edition details]
U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships
Category:Connecticut Open (tennis)
U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships
U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships
U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships
U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_U.S._Women's_Hard_Court_Championships
|
2025-04-06T15:55:03.635205
|
25868568
|
List of Claxton Shield champions
|
(Australian baseball trophy) displayed in August 2013 by the 2013 championship team, Canberra Cavalry.]]
team celebrating with the Claxton Shield, after winning the 2012–13 ABL championship series.]]
The Claxton Shield was the premier baseball competition in Australia, first held in 1934 and last held in 2010. The Claxton Shield is also the name of the trophy awarded to the champion team, and has also been awarded to winners of both the original Australian Baseball League (ABL) and the International Baseball League of Australia (IBLA).
There had been interstate baseball tournaments held prior to the start of the Claxton Shield. The first was held in Hobart in 1910, won by New South Wales defeating Victoria and hosts Tasmania. New South Wales repeated the feat in 1912 in Melbourne when they won again, this time with the addition of South Australia. None were held regularly though, and they did not always involve all baseball–playing states. In 1934 Norrie Claxton was the principal driver of an annual national competition, and donated the shield to be awarded to the champions. Though it was originally intended to be permanently held by the first team to win in three consecutive years, when South Australia won the first three tournaments It was the eighteenth time the Aces had won the shield, and the twenty second time it had been won by a Victorian team—the most by any state—including three times by the Waverley / Melbourne Reds and once by the Melbourne Monarchs.
Champions
Claxton Shield
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Key
! State<br>Titles
| The number of championships won by that state at the time.<br>(Includes wins by ABL/IBLA teams from the same state.)
|-
! Team<br>Titles
| The number of championships won by that team at the time.<br>(Treats ABL/IBLA teams as separate from the state teams.)
|-
| style="background-color:#FFFF99;" | † || Denotes most championships by a team/state at the time.
|-
| style="background-color:#99FFFF;" | ‡ || Denotes tied for most championships by a team/state at the time.
|-
| style="background-color:#FF99FF;" | * || Denotes member of Baseball Australia Hall of Fame.
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope"col" width200 | Champion Team
! scope="col" | State<br>Titles
! scope="col" | Team<br>Titles
! scope"col" width125 | Final Host
! scope="col" | Helms Award Winner
! scope"col" class"unsortable" | Ref
|-
! scope="row" | 1934
|
| style"background-color:#FFFF99;" | <span style"display:none">0</span>1<sup>†</sup>
| style"background-color:#FFFF99;" | <span style"display:none">0</span>1<sup>†</sup>
| Adelaide, SA
|
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|
| 2–1
|
| style"background-color:#FFFF99;" | <span style"display:none">0</span>2<sup>†</sup>
| 13
| Tim Kennelly (PER)
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|
| 2–0
|
| <span style="display:none">0</span>1
| <span style="display:none">0</span>1
| Adam Buschini (CAN)
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|
| 2–0
|
| style"background-color:#FFFF99;" | <span style"display:none">0</span>3<sup>†</sup>
| 14
| Ryan Casteel (MEL)
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|
| 2–1
|
| style"background-color:#FFFF99;" | <span style"display:none">0</span>4<sup>†</sup>
| 15
| Aaron Miller (ADE)
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|
| 2–0
|
| <span style="display:none">0</span>1
| 10
| Justin Williams (BRI)
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|
| 2–0
|
| <span style="display:none">0</span>2
| 11
| Aaron Whitefield (BRI)
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|
| 2–1
|
| <span style="display:none">0</span>3
| 12
| | Jake Fraley (PER)
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|
| 2–0
|
| <span style="display:none">0</span>4
| 13
| Tim Kennelly (PER)<br />
Marcus Solbach (ADE)
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|
| 2–0
|
| <span style="display:none">0</span>1
| 23
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|
| 1–0
|
| <span style="display:none">0</span>2
| 24
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|Season cancelled due to COVID
|
|-
! scope="row" |
|
| 2–1
|
| <span style="display:none">0</span>1
| 16
| Jordan McArdle (ADE)<br />
|
|
|-
|2023- 24
|Adelaide Giants
|2-1
|Perth Heat
|2
|17
|
|
|
|-
!2024-25
|Canberra Cavalry
|2-0
|Perth Heat
|2
|2
|Alexander Wells (SYD)
|
|
|}
Championships by state
{| class"wikitable sortable" style"text-align:center;"
|-
! scope"col" width50 | Rank
! scope"col" width200 | State
! scope"col" width50 | Titles
! scope"col" width60 | Most Recent
! scope"col" width75 | Tournaments Contested<!-- Correct as of 2017-18 season -->
|-
| 1st
| style="text-align:left;" |
| 24
|
| 78
|-
| 2nd
| style="text-align:left;" |
| 17
| 2023-24
| 78
|-
| 3rd
| style="text-align:left;" |
| 15
|
| 73
|-
| =4th
| style="text-align:left;" |
| 13
| 2018-19
| 68
|-
| =4th
| style="text-align:left;" |
| 13
| 2005
| 75
|-
| 6th
| style="text-align:left;" |
| 2
| 2024-25
| 18
|-
| =7th
| style="text-align:left;" |
| 0
|
| 8
|-
| =7th
| style="text-align:left;" |
| 0
|
| 2
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan5 style"font-size:smaller" | "Titles" includes seasons of the ABL & IBLA.
|}
See also
* Australian Baseball Federation
* Australian Baseball League (2010–Current)
* Australian Baseball League (1989–1999)
* International Baseball League of Australia
References
Bibliography
*
*
* External links
*[http://www.baseball.com.au Australian Baseball Federation official website]
Category:Claxton Shield
Category:Australia sport-related lists
Claxton Shield
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Claxton_Shield_champions
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.229495
|
25868570
|
Tegernsee Mountains
|
thumb|The Leonhardstein west of Kreuth
The Tegernsee Mountains () form a mountain region between the River Isar in the west and the lake of Tegernsee as well as the Rottach, Weißen Valepp and Grundache south of the Tegernsee, in the east, and so form a part of the Bavarian Prealps. The Tegernsee Mountains are also the westernmost part of the Mangfall Mountains (Mangfallgebirge).
Well-known walking destinations are the peaks of a range of medium-high mountains with heights of under 2000 m. Climbing areas are the massifs of Roßstein, Buchstein, and Plankenstein.
Notable peaks
Halserspitz (1,862 m)
Risserkogel (1,826 m)
Schinder (1,808 m)
Plankenstein (1,768 m)
Buchstein (1,701 m)
Roßstein (1,698 m)
Hirschberg (1,670 m)
Schönberg (1,620 m)
Leonhardstein (1,452 m)
Fockenstein (1,564 m).
Category:Mountain ranges of Bavaria
Category:Mountain ranges of the Alps
Category:Bavarian Prealps
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegernsee_Mountains
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.231363
|
25868571
|
Blechreiz
|
}}
Blechreiz is a German ska band founded in 1983 in southern Berlin.
Along with Skaos from Bavarian Krumbach, No Sports, The Braces from Jülich, El Bosso & die Ping-Pongs from Munster and The Busters from Wiesloch, Blechreiz was one of the pioneers of the German ska scene at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s. The band mostly plays songs it writes and arranges itself. A number of changes in the lineup has meant that Blechreiz’s style has varied over the years. Blechreiz allies itself with anti-racist and anti-fascist skinheads such as Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice (SHARP).History
In summer 1989, Blechreiz planned a joint tour of the still-securely-walled-in GDR with Michele Baresi, then the only ska band in East Berlin. Although the tour was initially a victim of pre-reunification administrative chaos, it took place when the wall came down in the spring of 1990. Many of the concert venues Blechreiz played in had never before hosted a band from the West. In the next few years, many concerts and tours in Germany and guest appearances in France, London, northern Italy, Belgium, Austria and Poland built the band and its stage show’s reputation.
In 1993, Berlin’s concertgoers picked Blechreiz as the Best Live Band in Berlin. A concert featuring many guest stars in the Tempodrom concert hall in Berlin generated acclaim from the press.
Together with ‘volxmusic’ band Apparatschik, Blechreiz initiated the SKASDROWJE project in 1994. As a big band formation, they played Russian folk music in ska rhythm at a variety of festivals. In 1995, Blechreiz was featured in TV film „Which Side Are You On – Ska in Berlin“. It contained film portraits of ska bands Blechreiz West-Berlin) and Michele Baresi.
1996 saw the band's farewell tour in Germany. Their last concert was held in SO36 in Berlin Kreuzberg. Blechreiz reformed in its original lineup in 2008. tags which will then appear here automatically -->
* Fortsetzung der Ostpolitik mit anderen Rhythmen? Rock goes Kriegsgräberfürsorge. Ein Bericht aus Warschau von Andreas Becker (taz, die tageszeitung (Berlin), 11.9.1993, page 17
* Olympia: Berlin feiert zweimal, 23.9.1993, (taz, die tageszeitung (Berlin), page 20
* Deutsche Lektionen. Pork Pie feiert sein zehnjähriges Jubiläum. Von Thomas Winkler, taz, die tageszeitung (Berlin), 26.6.1999, page 24
External links
* [http://www.blechreiz-berlin.de/ Official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091120110942/http://www.newspoint.cc/artikel/Musik/Ska_-_Der_Musikstil_der_Arbeiter_42120.html Ska - Der Musikstil der Arbeiter, 12.11.2009, newspoint]
* [http://www.ostsee-zeitung.de/nachrichten/brennpunkt/index_artikel_komplett.phtml?SIDc7032315500d419a04b5c802afdfe4f4¶mnews&id2506865 Punker feierten ihre größte Acker-Party, 03.08.2009, Ostsee-Zeitung]
* [http://www.maerkischeallgemeine.de/cms/beitrag/11555494/60709/Blechreiz-Debuet-beim-Skafestival-Edelmetall-rostet-nicht-KONZERT.html Edelmetall rostet nicht. „Blechreiz“-Debüt beim 19. Skafestival, 10.07.2009, Märkische Allgemeine]
Category:German ska groups
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blechreiz
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.234160
|
25868597
|
Platelets (journal)
|
Platelets is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering all aspects of platelet-related research. The editors-in-chief are Steve Watson and Paul Harrison (University of Birmingham). It was established in 1990 and is published by Taylor & Francis.
External links
Category:Academic journals established in 1990
Category:Hematology journals
Category:Taylor & Francis academic journals
Category:English-language journals
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelets_(journal)
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.235693
|
25868599
|
Billy Gladdon
|
| birth_place = Peckham, Surrey, England
| death_date
| death_place = Bedhampton, Hampshire, England
| heightft | heightinch
| batting = Unknown
| bowling = Unknown
| role | club1 Hampshire
| year1 = 1905
| columns = 1
| column1 = First-class
| matches1 = 1
| runs1 = 1
| bat avg1 = 0.50
| 100s/50s1 = –/–
| top score1 = 1
| deliveries1 = 168
| wickets1 = 0
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –
| catches/stumpings1 = –/–
| date = 19 January
| year = 2010
| source = http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/13380.html Cricinfo
}}
'''William 'Billy' Thomas Alexander Gladdon''' (born 9 June 1880 — 17 February 1961) was an English first-class cricketer and footballer.
Gladdon was born at Peckham in June 1880. A professional club cricketer for Freshwater on the Isle of Wight, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Warwickshire at Southampton in the 1905 County Championship. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for a single run in Hampshire's first innings by Frank Field, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Sydney Santall. Across the match, he also bowled 28 overs in Warwickshire's first innings, but did not take a wicket. Outside of cricket, Gladdon was a prominent figure in Portsmouth League football, playing for and captaining East Southsea F.C. In 1926, he was appointed groundsman and coach at The Portsmouth Grammar School (PGS) following the school's acquisition of land behind the Hilsea Lines, where a cricket ground was constructed. During his time at PGS, he was credited with producing many of the school's best cricketers. Gladdon died at his residence in Bedhampton in February 1961. Following his death, he was described by the Portsmouth Evening News as "an outstanding sportsman".<ref name"OBIT"/>
References
External links
*
Category:1880 births
Category:1961 deaths
Category:People from Peckham
Category:English cricketers
Category:Hampshire cricketers
Category:English men's footballers
Category:English cricket coaches
Category:Groundskeepers
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Gladdon
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.238813
|
25868611
|
Sport José Pardo
|
Club Sport José Pardo is a Peruvian football club, playing in the city of Tumán, Lambayeque, Peru.
The club is the biggest of Tumán city, and one of the biggest in Lambayeque Province.
The club was founded 19 October 1919 and plays in the Copa Perú, which is the third division of the Peruvian league.
History
In the 1971 Copa Perú, the club qualified to the Final Stage, but was eliminated by Melgar. Later, in order to not be linked to any Latifundists due to the Peruvian Agrarian Reform, the club changed their name to Unión Tumán Deportes.
The club jas played at the highest level of Peruvian football on five occasions, from 1971 Torneo Descentralizado until 1975 Torneo Descentralizado, when they were relegated to Copa Perú. In the 90s, the club decided to change their name back to José Pardo.
Rivalries
José Pardo has had a long-standing rivalry with Deportivo Pomalca.
Honours
National
Copa Perú:
Runner-up (1): 1971
Regional
Liga Departamental de Lambayeque:
Winners (3): 1969, 1970, 1978
Liga Provincial de Chiclayo:
Runner-up (2): 2014, 2015
Liga Distrial de Tumán:
Winners (1): 2019
Runner-up (2): 2014, 2015
Liga Distrial de Chiclayo:
Winners (8): 1947, 1948, 1949, 1953, 1956, 1959, 1969, 1970
Runner-up (1): 1946
See also
List of football clubs in Peru
Peruvian football league system
External links
Huerequeque puro
Category:Football clubs in Peru
Category:Association football clubs established in 1919
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_José_Pardo
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.242151
|
25868624
|
Greville Verney, 9th Baron Willoughby de Broke
|
Greville Verney, 9th Baron Willoughby de Broke and de jure 17th Baron Latimer (1649 – 23 July 1668) was a peer in the peerage of England
Greville Verney was born in 1649, the only son of Greville Verney, 8th Baron Willoughby de Broke (c. 1620 – 1648), and Elizabeth Wenman. He inherited the title 9th Baron Willoughby de Broke and 17th Baron Latimer on the death of his father in 1648. He married on 29 August 1667 Lady Diana Russell, the daughter of William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford. On his death on 23 July 1668, the title passed to his only son, William Verney.
References
ThePeerage
External links
Compton Verney House website
Greville Verney 9
Greville Verney 9
Category:1649 births
Category:1668 deaths
Category:17th-century English nobility
9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greville_Verney,_9th_Baron_Willoughby_de_Broke
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.243705
|
25868651
|
Ringsjön
|
| type | etymology
| part_of | inflow
| rivers | outflow
| oceans | catchment <!-- must be used -->
| basin_countries | agency
| designation | date-built <!-- For man-made and other recent bodies of water -->
| engineer | date-flooded <!-- For man-made and other recent bodies of water -->
| length = <!-- must be used -->
| width = <!-- must be used -->
| area = <!-- must be used -->
| depth = <!-- must be used -->
| max-depth = <!-- must be used -->
| volume = <!-- must be used -->
| residence_time | salinity
| shore = <!-- must be used -->
| elevation = <!-- must be used -->
| temperature_high = <!-- must be used -->
| temperature_low = <!-- must be used -->
| frozen | islands
| islands_category | sections
| trenches | benches
| cities =
<!-- Map -->
| pushpin_map = Sweden Skåne # Sweden
| pushpin_label_position | pushpin_map_alt Location of the lake
| pushpin_map_caption =
<!-- Below -->
| website | reference
}}
Ringsjön is a lake situated in the middle of Skåne County, Sweden. At , it is the second largest lake in the county.
Ringsjön provides drinking water for the inhabitants of Skåne if the water tunnel connected to the lake Bolmen would cease to work. This happened in 2009, when the tunnel was almost completely blocked after a collapse.
Fish species found in Ringsjön are European perch, carp bream, moderlieschen, northern pike, zander, common carp, burbot, common roach, rainbow trout, crucian carp, common rudd, common whitefish, tench, eel, and brown trout. Ringsjön has had an overpopulation of carp bream and common roach for a long time, leading to an increased algal bloom, and in 2005 work began on removing 80% of these species from the lake.
Many cranes make stopovers in Ringsjön on their migration to the northern parts of Sweden. They usually arrive to the lake at the end of March, but have been seen as early as 2 March.
In the winter, Ringsjön is a popular place for ice yachting because of its smooth ice, and the lake gets visitors from all over Europe. The European Championships in ice yachting were held on Ringsjön in 2006. A biking competition, titled Ringsjön Runt (English: Around Ringsjön), is held annually by the lake. It attracts an average of 4000–5000 cyclists, and has been held for over forty years. The course consists of four laps around Ringsjön; one lap is 3.5 Scandinavian miles (35 km) long.
Bosjökloster Castle is located on the shore of Ringsjön in Höör Municipality.
References
External links
* [http://www.ringsjon.se/ Water council of Ringsjön (Ringsjöns vattenråd)]
Category:Scania
Category:Lakes of Skåne County
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringsjön
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.249475
|
25868679
|
Vukasovići
|
|subdivision_type1 = Entity
|subdivision_name1 = Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
|subdivision_type2 = Canton
|subdivision_name2 = Sarajevo
|subdivision_type3 = Municipality
|subdivision_name3 = Ilijaš
|government_footnotes |government_type
|leader_title |leader_name
|established_title |established_date
|area_magnitude |unit_pref Imperial
|area_footnotes |area_total_km2 4.13
|area_land_km2 |population_as_of 2013
|population_footnotes |population_note
|population_total = 100
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone = CET
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST = CEST
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|coordinates
|elevation_footnotes |elevation_m
|elevation_ft |postal_code_type
|postal_code |area_code
|blank_name |blank_info
|website |footnotes
}}
Vukasovići is a village in the municipality of Ilijaš, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
History
According to old gravestones from the 15th century, it is estimated that this area was inhabited even in medieval period.
Geography
* Draževići
* Gudelj
* Gornja Kustura
* Donja Kustura
* Homar
* Lokve
* Ravne
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 100, all Bosniaks.ReferencesExternal links
http://nona.net/features/map/placedetail.892053/Vukasovi%C4%87i/
Category:Populated places in Ilijaš
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vukasovići
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.252815
|
25868693
|
Pleasant Grove, Kansas
|
Pleasant Grove is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Kansas, United States.
It had a post office from 1875 until 1900.
In 1912, the small town had a population of 45 and received rural free delivery mail from nearby Baldwin City.EducationThe community is served by Lawrence USD 497 public school district.ReferencesFurther readingExternal links
* Douglas County maps: [https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/county-pdf/douglas.PDF Current], [https://www.ksdot.org/bureaus/burtransplan/maps/PastPublishedCounty.asp Historic], KDOT
Category:Unincorporated communities in Douglas County, Kansas
Category:Unincorporated communities in Kansas
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasant_Grove,_Kansas
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.256926
|
25868700
|
Randomized weighted majority algorithm
|
The randomized weighted majority algorithm is an algorithm in machine learning theory for aggregating expert predictions to a series of decision problems.
It is a simple and effective method based on weighted voting which improves on the mistake bound of the deterministic weighted majority algorithm. In fact, in the limit, its prediction rate can be arbitrarily close to that of the best-predicting expert.
Example
Imagine that every morning before the stock market opens,
we get a prediction from each of our "experts" about whether the stock market will go up or down.
Our goal is to somehow combine this set of predictions into a single prediction that we then use to make a buy or sell decision for the day. The principal challenge is that we do not know which experts will give better or worse predictions.
The RWMA gives us a way to do this combination such that our prediction record will be
nearly as good as that of the single expert which, in hindsight, gave the most accurate predictions.
Motivation
In machine learning, the weighted majority algorithm (WMA) is a deterministic meta-learning algorithm for aggregating expert predictions. In pseudocode, the WMA is as follows:
initialize all experts to weight 1
for each round:
add each expert's weight to the option they predicted
predict the option with the largest weighted sum
multiply the weights of all experts who predicted wrongly by \frac{1}{2}
Suppose there are n experts and the best expert makes m mistakes.
Then, the weighted majority algorithm (WMA) makes at most 2.4(\log_2n+ m) mistakes.
This bound is highly problematic in the case of highly error-prone experts.
Suppose, for example, the best expert makes a mistake 20% of the time; that is, in N 100 rounds using n 10 experts, the best expert makes m = 20 mistakes.
Then, the weighted majority algorithm only guarantees an upper bound of 2.4 (\log_2 10 + 20) \approx 56 mistakes.
As this is a known limitation of the weighted majority algorithm, various strategies have been explored in order to improve the dependence on m. In particular, we can do better by introducing randomization.
Drawing inspiration from the Multiplicative Weights Update Method algorithm, we will probabilistically make predictions based on how the experts have performed in the past. Similarly to the WMA, every time an expert makes a wrong prediction, we will decrement their weight. Mirroring the MWUM, we will then use the weights to make a probability distribution over the actions and draw our action from this distribution (instead of deterministically picking the majority vote as the WMA does).
Randomized weighted majority algorithm (RWMA)
The randomized weighted majority algorithm is an attempt to improve the dependence of the mistake bound of the WMA on m. Instead of predicting based on majority vote, the weights, are used as probabilities for choosing the experts in each round and are updated over time (hence the name randomized weighted majority).
Precisely, if w_i is the weight of expert i,
let W=\sum_iw_i.
We will follow expert i with probability \frac{w_i}{W}. This results in the following algorithm:
initialize all experts to weight 1.
for each round:
add all experts' weights together to obtain the total weight W
choose expert i randomly with probability \frac{w_i}{W}
predict as the chosen expert predicts
multiply the weights of all experts who predicted wrongly by \beta
The goal is to bound the worst-case expected number of mistakes,
assuming that the adversary has to select one of the answers
as correct before we make our coin toss. This is a reasonable assumption in, for instance, the stock market example provided above: the variance of a stock price should not depend on the opinions of experts that influence private buy or sell decisions, so we can treat the price change as if it was decided before the experts gave their recommendations for the day.
The randomized algorithm is better in the worst case than the deterministic algorithm (weighted majority algorithm): in the latter, the worst case was when the weights were split 50/50. But in the randomized version, since the weights are used as probabilities, there would still be a 50/50 chance of getting it right. In addition, generalizing to multiplying the weights of the incorrect experts by \beta instead of strictly \frac{1}{2} allows us to trade off between dependence on m and \log_2n. This trade-off will be quantified in the analysis section.
Analysis
Let W_t denote the total weight of all experts at round t. Also let F_t denote the fraction of weight placed on experts which predict the wrong answer at round t. Finally, let N be the total number of rounds in the process.
By definition, F_t is the probability that the algorithm makes a mistake on round t. It follows from the linearity of expectation that if M denotes the total number of mistakes made during the entire process, E[M] \sum_{t1}^N F_t.
After round t, the total weight is decreased by\ (1-\beta)F_tW_t, since all weights corresponding to a wrong answer are multiplied by\ \beta . It then follows that W_{t+1} W_t(1-(1-\beta)F_t). By telescoping, since W_1 n , it follows that the total weight after the process concludes is
\begin{align} Wn \prod_{t1}^N (1-(1-\beta)F_t). \end{align}
On the other hand, suppose that \ m is the number of mistakes made by the best-performing expert. At the end, this expert has weight \ \beta^m . It follows, then, that the total weight is at least this much; in other words, \ W\geq \beta^m. This inequality and the above result imply
\begin{align} n \prod_{t=1}^N (1-(1-\beta)F_t) \geq \beta^m. \end{align}
Taking the natural logarithm of both sides yields
\begin{align} \ln n + \sum_{t=1}^N \ln (1-(1-\beta)F_t) \geq m \ln\beta . \end{align}
Now, the Taylor series of the natural logarithm is
\begin{align} \ln (1-x)= - x - \frac {x^2}{2} - \frac {x^3}{3} - \cdots \end{align}
In particular, it follows that\ \ln (1-(1-\beta)F_t). Thus,
\begin{align} \ln n - (1-\beta) \sum_{t=1}^N F_t \geq m \ln\beta . \end{align}
Recalling that E[M] \sum_{t1}^N F_t and rearranging, it follows that
\begin{align} E[M] \leq \frac {m \ln(1/\beta) + \ln(n)}{1-\beta} = \frac{ \ln(1/\beta) }{1-\beta}m + \frac{1}{1-\beta}\ln(n) . \end{align}
Now, as \beta \to 1 from below, the first constant tends to 1; however, the second constant tends to +\infty. To quantify this tradeoff, define \varepsilon = 1-\beta to be the penalty associated with getting a prediction wrong. Then, again applying the Taylor series of the natural logarithm,
\begin{align} \frac{\ln(1/\beta)}{1-\beta} -\frac{\ln(\beta)}{1-\beta} \frac{-\ln(1-\varepsilon)}{\varepsilon} \frac{\varepsilon + \frac {\varepsilon^2}{2} + \frac {\varepsilon^3}{3} + \cdots}{\varepsilon} 1 + \frac {\varepsilon}{2} + O(\varepsilon^2) \end{align}
It then follows that the mistake bound, for small \varepsilon , can be written in the form \ \left(1+\frac{\epsilon}{2}+O(\varepsilon^2)\right)m +
\epsilon^{-1}\ln(n).
In English, the less that we penalize experts for their mistakes, the more that additional experts will lead to initial mistakes but the closer we get to capturing the predictive accuracy of the best expert as time goes on. In particular, given a sufficiently low value of \varepsilon and enough rounds, the randomized weighted majority algorithm can get arbitrarily close to the correct prediction rate of the best expert.
In particular, as long as m is sufficiently large compared to \ln(n) (so that their ratio is sufficiently small), we can assign
\begin{align} \varepsilon = \sqrt{\frac{\ln(n)}{m}} \end{align}
we can obtain an upper bound on the number of mistakes equal to
\begin{align} m + O(\sqrt{m \ln(n)}). \end{align}
This implies that the "regret bound" on the algorithm (that is, how much worse it performs than the best expert) is sublinear, at O(\sqrt{m \ln(n)}).
Revisiting the motivation
Recall that the motivation for the randomized weighted majority algorithm was given by an example where the best expert makes a mistake 20% of the time. Precisely, in N 100 rounds, with n 10 experts, where the best expert makes m = 20 mistakes, the deterministic weighted majority algorithm only guarantees an upper bound of 2.4 (\log_2 10 + 20) \approx 56. By the analysis above, it follows that minimizing the number of worst-case expected mistakes is equivalent to minimizing the function
\begin{align} \frac{ \ln (1/\beta) }{1-\beta}20 + \frac{1}{1-\beta}\ln (10) . \end{align}
Computational methods show that the optimal value is roughly \beta \approx 0.641, which results in the minimal worst-case number of expected mistakes of E[M] \approx 31.19 . When the number of rounds is increased (say, to N = 1000000 ) while the accuracy rate of the best expert is kept the same the improvement can be even more dramatic; the weighted majority algorithm guarantees only a worst-case mistake rate of 48.0%, but the randomized weighted majority algorithm, when properly tuned to the optimal value of \varepsilon \approx 0.0117 , achieves a worst-case mistake rate of 20.2%.
Uses of Randomized Weighted Majority Algorithm (RWMA)
The Randomized Weighted Majority Algorithm can be used to combine multiple algorithms in which case RWMA can be expected to perform nearly as well as the best of the original algorithms in hindsight. Note that the RWMA can be generalized to solve problems which do not have binary mistake variables, which makes it useful for a wide class of problems.
Furthermore, one can apply the Randomized Weighted Majority Algorithm in situations where experts are making choices that cannot be combined (or can't be combined easily). For example, RWMA can be applied to repeated game-playing or the online shortest path problem. In the online shortest path problem, each expert is telling you a different way to drive to work. You pick one path using RWMA. Later you find out how well you would have done using all of the suggested paths and penalize appropriately. The goal is to have an expected loss not much larger than the loss of the best expert.
Applications in software
The randomized weighted majority algorithm has been proposed as a new method for several practical software applications, particularly in the domains of bug detection and cyber-security. For instance, Varsha and Madhavu (2021) describe how the randomized weighted majority algorithm can be used to replace conventional voting within a random forest classification approach to detect insider threats. Using experimental results, they show that this approach obtained a higher level of accuracy and recall compared to the standard random forest algorithm. Moustafa et al. (2018) have studied how an ensemble classifier based on the randomized weighted majority algorithm could be used to detect bugs earlier in the software development process, after being trained on existing software repositories.
Extensions
Multi-armed bandit problem.
Efficient algorithm for some cases with many experts.
Sleeping experts/"specialists" setting.
See also
Machine learning
Weighted majority algorithm
Game theory
Multi-armed bandit
References
Further reading
Weighted Majority & Randomized Weighted Majority
Avrim Blum (2004) machine learning theory
Rob Schapire 2006 Foundations of Machine Learning
Predicting From Experts Advice
Uri Feige, Robi Krauthgamer, Moni Naor. Algorithmic Game Theory
Nika Haghtalab 2020 Theoretical Foundations of Machine Learning (Notes)
Category:Machine learning algorithms
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_weighted_majority_algorithm
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.262620
|
25868715
|
Henry Cole (minister)
|
Henry Cole (1792 – 28 June 1858 in Islington) was an Anglican curate at Woolwich, Kent, Islington, and Sunday evening Lecturer at St Mary Somerset in the City of London. His writings included a translation of two works by Calvin as well as a translation of Martin Luther's "On the Bondage of the Will". A reviewer of his wrote, "The translator of these works (Mr. Henry Cole) is well known to many friends of God's new covenant truth, as a minister of a deep and living experience of the work of faith with power. But great bodily and heavy mental afflictions have, at times, been endured by him. During such seasons, he says— 'It has pleased God to give me strength to translate (these) two works of the beloved and immortal Calvin.'"
Works
Popular Geology Subversive of Divine Revelation (1834)
Footnotes
External links
Category:1858 deaths
Category:1792 births
Category:19th-century English Anglican priests
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cole_(minister)
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.265561
|
25868792
|
Greville Verney, 8th Baron Willoughby de Broke
|
Greville Verney, 8th Baron Willoughby de Broke and de jure 16th Baron Latimer (c. 1620 – 9 December 1648) was a peer in the peerage of England.
Greville Verney was born circa 1620, the elder son of Greville Verney, 7th Baron Willoughby de Broke (1586–1642), and Katherine Southwell. He inherited the title 8th Baron Willoughby de Broke and 16th Baron Latimer on the death of his father in 1642. He married Elizabeth Wenman. Upon his death, on 9 December 1648, the title passed to his only son, Greville Verney.
He served as High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1647.
References
ThePeerage
External links
Compton Verney House website
Greville Verney 8
Greville Verney 8
Category:1620s births
Category:1648 deaths
Category:High sheriffs of Warwickshire
Category:17th-century English nobility
Category:Sheriffs of Warwickshire
8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greville_Verney,_8th_Baron_Willoughby_de_Broke
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.270350
|
25868820
|
Dimer acid
|
thumb|360px|Simplified structural formula of a dimer fatty acid. The structure may vary depending on the raw materials used. Characteristic is the cyclohexene ring formed by the Diels-Alder reaction.
Dimer acids, or dimerized fatty acids, are dicarboxylic acids prepared by dimerizing unsaturated fatty acids obtained from tall oil, usually on clay catalysts. The CAS number of the material is [61788-89-4]. Dimer acids are used primarily for synthesis of polyamide resins and polyamide hot melt adhesives. They are also used in alkyd resins, adhesives, surfactants, as fuel oil additives, lubricants, etc. It is a light yellow or yellow viscous transparent liquid.
Dimer acid usually contains predominantly a dimer of oleic acid. It is also called C36 dimer acid.
Trimer acid is a corresponding material where the resulting molecule consists of three fatty acid molecules. Its CAS number is [68937-90-6].
Dimer acids can be converted to dimer amines by reaction with ammonia and subsequent reduction.
Production
Dimer fatty acids are produced from different fatty acids by heating. Necessary are a fatty acid with conjugated double bonds or other unsaturated fatty acids. Examples of such fatty acids are conjugated linoleic acids. The reaction is carried out via Diels-Alder addition, whereby a partially unsaturated C6 ring is formed. Besides the dimer, trimers as well as (unreacted) monomers of the fatty acids may be present in the mixture.
References
Category:Fatty acids
Category:Dicarboxylic acids
Category:Monomers
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimer_acid
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.275767
|
25868861
|
North Caucasian Federal District
|
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 19 January 2010
| seat_type = Administrative centre
| seat = Pyatigorsk
| seat1_type = Largest city
| seat1 = Makhachkala
| leader_title = Presidential Envoy
| leader_name = Yury Chaika
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 170400
| area_rank = 8th
| area_footnotes
| population_total = 10171000
| total_type = Total
| population_as_of 2021 Census
| population_rank = 7th
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban 50.7%
|demographics2_title1 = Total
|demographics2_info1 = ₽ 3.111 trillion<br />US$ 45 billion (2022)
|demographics2_title2 = Per capita
|demographics2_info2 = ₽ 305,334<br />US$ 4,368 (2022)
| blank_name_sec2 = HDI (2022)
| blank_info_sec2 0.752<br/> · 8th
| website =
| official_name |footnotes }}
}}
in Russia
|mark=<!--dot-->Blue pog.svg
|lat_deg43.7114 |lat_min0|lat_sec |lon_deg44.8061|lon_min0|lon_sec
|label|positionright
}}
The North Caucasian Federal District () is one of the eight federal districts of Russia. It is located in extreme southern Russia, in the geographical area of the North Caucasus. The federal district was split from the Southern Federal District on 19 January 2010. The population of the federal subjects comprising the federal district was 10,171,434 according to the 2021 Census, living in an area of .
! Capital/administrative center
! Map of Administrative Division
|-
! 1
|
|
| Republic of Dagestan
| 50,300
| 3,182,054
| ₽814 billion
| Makhachkala
|
|-
! 2
|
|
| Republic of Ingushetia
| 3,600
| 509,541
| ₽77 billion
| Magas
|
|-
! 3
|
|
| Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
| 12,500
| 904,200
| ₽199 billion
| Nalchik
|
|-
! 4
|
|
| Karachay-Cherkess Republic
| 14,300
| 469,865
| ₽109 billion
| Cherkessk
|
|-
! 5
|
|
| Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
| 8,000
| 687,357
| ₽203 billion
| Vladikavkaz
|
|-
! 6
|
|
| Stavropol Krai
| 66,500
| 2,907,593
| ₽1,025 billion
| Stavropol
|
|-
! 7
|
|
| Chechen Republic
| 17,300
| 1,510,824
| ₽268 billion
| Grozny
|
|}
Demographics
Ethnic Russians constitute less than one-third of the total population at 2,857,851 (28.83%), although they do constitute a plurality of the population.
According to the 2021 Census, Russians constitute a majority of 80% in Stavropol Krai and are at least 15% of the population in North Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, and Karachay-Cherkessia. A diverse assortment of mostly Muslim North Caucasian speaking ethnic and tribal groups form the remainder. The North Caucasus Federal District is Russia's only Muslim-majority federal district, and is the only federal district that does not have an ethnic Russian majority.
at birth in the North Caucasian Federal District, 1990–2021]]
According to the results of the 2021 census, the ethnic composition of the North Caucasian Federal District is as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
!Ethnicity!!Population
!Percentage
|-
|Russians||2,857,851
|28.83%
|-
|Chechens||1,586,720
|16.01%
|-
|Avars||972,703
|9.81%
|-
|Dargins||582,255
|5.87%
|-
|Kumyks||532,848
|5.38%
|-
|Kabardians||513,178
|5.18%
|-
|Ingush||501,544
|5.06%
|-
|Ossetians||455,765
|4.60%
|-
|Lezgins||426,869
|4.31%
|-
|Karachais||222,211
|2.24%
|-
|Laks||165,737
|1.67%
|-
|Armenians||156,417
|1.58%
|-
|Azerbaijanis||136,950
|1.38%
|-
|Tabasaran||135,694
|1.37%
|-
|Balkars||122,831
|1.24%
|-
|Circassians||88,075
|0.89%
|-
|Nogais||80,040
|0.81%
|-
|Roma||45,035
|0.45%
|-
|Abazins||40,478
|0.41%
|-
|Turks||36,041
|0.36%
|-
|Aghuls||31,012
|0.31%
|-
|Rutuls||29,200
|0.29%
|-
|Greeks||25,700
|0.26%
|-
|Turkmens||16,276
|0.16%
|-
|Georgians||15,410
|0.16%
|-
|Tatars||15,276
|0.15%
|-
|Ukrainians||13,836
|0.14%
|-
|Tsakhurs||10,735
|0.11%
|-
|Others||170,391
|1.81%
|-
|Ethnicity not stated
|258,986
|–
|}
Vital statistics for 2022:
* Births: 128,528 (12.8 per 1,000)
* Deaths: 79,661 (7.9 per 1,000)
Total fertility rate (2022):
1.73 children per woman
Life expectancy (2021):
73.79 years
Presidential plenipotentiary envoys
{| class"wikitable" style"text-align:center"
|-
!rowspan="2"|№
!rowspan="2"|Name (envoy)
!rowspan="2"|Photo
!colspan="3"|Term of office
!rowspan="2"|Appointed by
|-
!Start of term
!End of term
!Length of service
|-
|1
|Alexander Khloponin
|
| 19 January 2010
| 12 May 2014
| ( days)
!style="font-weight:normal" |Dmitry Medvedev
|-
|2
|Sergey Melikov
|
| 12 May 2014
| 28 July 2016
| ( days)
!style"font-weight:normal" rowspan4|Vladimir Putin
|-
|3
|Oleg Belaventsev
|
|28 July 2016
|26 June 2018
| ( days)
|-
|4
|Aleksandr Matovnikov
|
|26 June 2018
|22 January 2020
| ( days)
|-
|5
|Yury Chaika
|
|22 January 2020
|present
| ( days)
|-
|}
References
External links
*[http://www.skfo.ru/ SKFO.RU – regional information portal]
*[http://vestiyuga.ru/ North Caucasian news portal]
Category:Federal districts of Russia
Category:Geography of Southern Russia
Category:States and territories established in 2010
Category:2010 establishments in Russia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Caucasian_Federal_District
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.293481
|
25868914
|
Bank of America Center (Baltimore)
|
| completion_date = 1965
| building_type = Commercial office
| antenna_spire | height
| roof | top_floor
| floor_count = 18
| elevator_count | cost
| floor_area =
| architect | structural_engineer
| main_contractor | developer
| owner | management
}}
The Bank of America Center is an 18-story highrise building in Baltimore, Maryland at 100 South Charles Street.
References
*
*
Category:Bank of America buildings
Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Baltimore
Category:Office buildings completed in 1965
Category:Downtown Baltimore
Category:Inner Harbor, Baltimore
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_of_America_Center_(Baltimore)
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.296163
|
25868926
|
Cambria State Marine Conservation Area
|
thumb|Cambria area shoreCambria State Marine Conservation Area (SMCA) is a marine protected area located off the coast of the city of Cambria, California on California’s central coast in San Luis Obispo County, California. The marine protected area covers . Within the SMCA recreational fishing and take is allowed while commercial fishing and take of all living marine resources is prohibited.
History
Cambria State Marine Conservation Area was established in September 2007 by the California Department of Fish & Game. It was one of 29 marine protected areas adopted during the first phase of the Marine Life Protection Act Initiative. The Marine Life Protection Act Initiative (or MLPAI) is a collaborative public process to create a statewide network of marine protected areas along the California coastline.
Geography and natural features
Cambria SMCA is located off the coast of Cambria and adjoins White Rock (Cambria) State Marine Conservation Area. The SMCA is offshore from San Simeon State Park.
This marine protected area is bounded by the mean high tide line and straight
lines connecting the following points in the order listed:
and
.
Habitat and wildlife
Key habitats protected within the SMCA include steelhead streams, kelp forest, rocky intertidal zone, sandy and cobble beach, reef and sandy bottom, pinnacles and offshore rocks. The area is home to various wildlife including sea otters and birds.
Recreation and nearby attractions
The adjacent San Simeon State Park provides scenic and recreational opportunities for year-round visitors. Hiking, fishing, surfing and whale watching are among these opportunities. There are two campgrounds within the park, one primitive.
Hearst Castle, former home of William Randolph Hearst, is at nearby Hearst San Simeon State Historic Monument and offers visitor tours.
California’s marine protected areas encourage recreational and educational uses of the ocean. Activities such as kayaking, diving, snorkeling, and swimming are allowed unless otherwise restricted.
Scientific monitoring
As specified by the Marine Life Protection Act, select marine protected areas along California’s central coast are being monitored by scientists to track their effectiveness and learn more about ocean health. Similar studies in marine protected areas located off of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands have already detected gradual improvements in fish size and number.
Local scientific and educational institutions involved in the monitoring include Stanford University’s Hopkins Marine Station, University of California Santa Cruz, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. Research methods include hook-and-line sampling, intertidal and scuba diver surveys, and the use of Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) submarines.
References
External links
CaliforniaMpas.org: Marine sanctuaries in California
Marine Life Protection Act Initiative
CalOceans
Hearst San Simeon State Park
Hearst San Simeon State Historic Monument
Category:Marine sanctuaries in California
Category:California Department of Fish and Wildlife areas
Category:Protected areas of San Luis Obispo County, California
Category:Cambria, California
Category:2007 establishments in California
Category:Protected areas established in 2007
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambria_State_Marine_Conservation_Area
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.300755
|
25868948
|
France Roche
|
| birth_place = Saint-Tropez, France
| death_date
| death_place = Paris, France
| occupation = Actress, screenwriter
| yearsactive = 1951–1979
}}
France Roche (2 April 1921 – 14 December 2013) was a French film actress, screenwriter, journalist, and film critic. She appeared in 17 films between 1951 and 1979. She was a member of the jury at the 11th Berlin International Film Festival.Selected filmography
* Without Leaving an Address (1951)
* Adorables créatures (1952)
* Follow That Man (1953)
* Zoé (1954)
* The Red Cloak (1955)
* Pity for the Vamps (1956)
* Amour de poche (1957)
* Les Lions sont lâchés (1961; writer)
* ''Nuit d'ivresse'' (1986)
References
External links
*
Category:1921 births
Category:2013 deaths
Category:French film actresses
Category:French women screenwriters
Category:French screenwriters
Category:People from Saint-Tropez
Category:Actresses from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Category:20th-century French actresses
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Roche
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.302967
|
25868951
|
Fountain in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere
|
|image_map=
|wikidata=yes
|zoom=13
|marker=monument
}}
|map_caption=Click on the map for a fullscreen view
}}
The Fountain in Piazza Santa Maria in Trastevere is a fountain located in the square in front of the church of Santa Maria in Trastevere, Rome, Italy. It is believed to be the oldest fountain in Rome, dating back, according to some sources, to the 8th century. The present fountain is the work of Donato Bramante, with later additions by Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Carlo Fontana.
History
A fountain is believed to have stood in this square since the 8th century, but the exact date it was built is unknown. A drawing of the fountain appears on the map of Rome made by Pietro del Massaio in 1471, along with a description of the legend of the fountain's origin. According to the legend, which appears in the Chronicle of Eusebius, translated and finished by Saint Jerome in the fifth century, on the night of the birth of Christ a fountain of oil appeared miraculously in front of the church, which as a result was given the name "Santa Maria in fontibus." The original fountain was supplied with water by a Roman aqueduct, the Aqua Traiana. When the aqueduct was ruined during the invasions of Rome, water came from underground sources below the Janiculum hill. The old fountain illustrated in the drawing of del Massaio had two vasques, one above the other, pouring water into the basin below.
The fountain was reconstructed between 1499 and 1500 on the command of Giovanni Lopez, the bishop of Perouse and Bishop of the parish of Santa Maria in Trastevere, who gave the commission to Donato Bramante, the architect of St. Peter's Basilica. Bramante removed the upper vasque and added four carved stone wolf heads, the emblem of the Lopez family. It became the model for many other fountains in Rome.
The fountain was reconstructed again in 1604 by the architect Girolamo Rainaldi, the father of Carlo Rainaldi, the architect of the two churches of Piazza del Popolo. At that time the fountain was connected to the newly restored Acqua Felice aqueduct. In 1659 the fountain was connected to the Acqua Paola aqueduct and remodeled again by Bernini. Bernini replaced the octagonal basin, moved the fountain from its original place in front of the church to a new location in the center of the square, and added four sculpted seashells around the basin. At the end of the 17th century, the architect Carlo Fontana replaced Bernini's seashells with his own sculpted seashells facing inward.<ref name=Turismo/>
The fountain was completely rebuilt in 1873, following the design of Bernini and Fontana, but using less expensive materials. In that occasion, the main pool was rebuilt with bardiglio marble and an imposing S.P.Q.R. sign has been placed on the external side of the shells.<ref name=Turismo/>
It was rebuilt once again in 1930. The last maintenance has been made in 1984.
While the piazza may be fairly quiet during the day, in the evening people gather around the fountain, sitting on the steps.
References
Bibliography
*Maurizia Tazartes, Fontaines de Rome, (French edition translated from Italian), Citadelles & Mazenot, Paris, 2004
*Marilyn Symmes, Editor, Fountains - Splash and Spectacle, Water and Design from the Renaissance to the Present, Thames and Hudson, in association with Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum and the Smithsonian Institution, 1998.
External links
*
<!-- "Fontanone di Ponte Sisto" as the next landmark and "Fontana di Piazza Nicosia" as the previous one are taken from the navbox "Landmarks of Rome" that is placed below. A navbox is invisible in mobile view. The addition enables mobile users to click at least the next landmark or the previous one. -->
Piazza Santa Maria in Trasteve
Category:Rome R. XIII Trastevere
Category:Sculptures of seashells
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_in_Piazza_Santa_Maria_in_Trastevere
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.305318
|
25868953
|
1989 U.S. Women's Hard Court Championships – Singles
|
Steffi Graf
| champ = Steffi Graf
| runner = Ann Henricksson
| score = 6–1, 6–4
| draw = 32
| seeds = 8
| edition | type singles doubles
}}
Steffi Graf was the defending champion and won in the final 6–1, 6–4 against Ann Henricksson.
Seeds
A champion seed is indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which that seed was eliminated.
# Steffi Graf (champion)
# Manuela Maleeva (second round)
# Natasha Zvereva (first round)
# Claudia Kohde-Kilsch (first round)
# Patty Fendick (quarterfinals)
# Hana Mandlíková (semifinals)
# Gretchen Magers (first round)
# Terry Phelps (quarterfinals)
Draw
S Graf
| RD1-score01-1=6
| RD1-score01-2=6
| RD1-score01-3=
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02= B Herr
| RD1-score02-1=0
| RD1-score02-2=1
| RD1-score02-3=
| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03= J Hetherington
| RD1-score03-1=5
| RD1-score03-2=6
| RD1-score03-3=2
| RD1-seed04=
| RD1-team04= L-A Eldredge
| RD1-score04-1=7
| RD1-score04-2=4
| RD1-score04-3=6
| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05= L Allen
| RD1-score05-1=3
| RD1-score05-2=3
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06= D van Rensburg
| RD1-score06-1=6
| RD1-score06-2=6
| RD1-score06-3=
| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07= M Torres
| RD1-score07-1=5
| RD1-score07-2=2
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=8
| RD1-team08= T Phelps
| RD1-score08-1=7
| RD1-score08-2=6
| RD1-score08-3=
| RD1-seed09=4
| RD1-team09= C Kohde-Kilsch
| RD1-score09-1=6
| RD1-score09-2=6
| RD1-score09-3=6
| RD1-seed10=
| RD1-team10= P Louie-Harper
| RD1-score10-1=1
| RD1-score10-2=7
| RD1-score10-3=7
| RD1-seed11=
| RD1-team11= C Benjamin
| RD1-score11-1=7
| RD1-score11-2=6
| RD1-score11-3=
| RD1-seed12=
| RD1-team12= K Schimper
| RD1-score12-1=5
| RD1-score12-2=1
| RD1-score12-3=
| RD1-seed13=
| RD1-team13= E Pfaff
| RD1-score13-1=6
| RD1-score13-2=4
| RD1-score13-3=7
| RD1-seed14=
| RD1-team14= K Steinmetz
| RD1-score14-1=3
| RD1-score14-2=6
| RD1-score14-3=6
| RD1-seed15=
| RD1-team15= B Bowes
| RD1-score15-1=3
| RD1-score15-2=7
| RD1-score15-3=0
| RD1-seed16=6
| RD1-team16= H Mandlíková
| RD1-score16-1=6
| RD1-score16-2=5
| RD1-score16-3=6
| RD1-seed17=7
| RD1-team17= G Magers
| RD1-score17-1=4
| RD1-score17-2=6
| RD1-score17-3=
| RD1-seed18=
| RD1-team18= K Rinaldi
| RD1-score18-1=6
| RD1-score18-2=7
| RD1-score18-3=
| RD1-seed19=
| RD1-team19= A Villagrán
| RD1-score19-1=6
| RD1-score19-2=3
| RD1-score19-3=3
| RD1-seed20=
| RD1-team20= A Henricksson
| RD1-score20-1=3
| RD1-score20-2=6
| RD1-score20-3=6
| RD1-seed21=
| RD1-team21= E Hakami
| RD1-score21-1=3
| RD1-score21-2=7
| RD1-score21-3=4
| RD1-seed22=
| RD1-team22= G Fernández
| RD1-score22-1=6
| RD1-score22-2=5
| RD1-score22-3=6
| RD1-seed23=
| RD1-team23= L Ferrando
| RD1-score23-1=6
| RD1-score23-2=6
| RD1-score23-3=
| RD1-seed24=3
| RD1-team24= N Zvereva
| RD1-score24-1=4
| RD1-score24-2=4
| RD1-score24-3=
| RD1-seed25=5
| RD1-team25= P Fendick
| RD1-score25-1=6
| RD1-score25-2=6
| RD1-score25-3=
| RD1-seed26=
| RD1-team26= W White
| RD1-score26-1=1
| RD1-score26-2=4
| RD1-score26-3=
| RD1-seed27=
| RD1-team27= P Vásquez
| RD1-score27-1=6
| RD1-score27-2=2
| RD1-score27-3=
| RD1-seed28=
| RD1-team28= M L Daniels
| RD1-score28-1=7
| RD1-score28-2=6
| RD1-score28-3=
| RD1-seed29=
| RD1-team29= J Byrne
| RD1-score29-1=6
| RD1-score29-2=4
| RD1-score29-3=2
| RD1-seed30=
| RD1-team30= K Adams
| RD1-score30-1=3
| RD1-score30-2=6
| RD1-score30-3=6
| RD1-seed31=
| RD1-team31= C Cunningham
| RD1-score31-1=3
| RD1-score31-2=1
| RD1-score31-3=
| RD1-seed32=2
| RD1-team32= M Maleeva
| RD1-score32-1=6
| RD1-score32-2=6
| RD1-score32-3=
| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01= S Graf
| RD2-score01-1=6
| RD2-score01-2=6
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02=
| RD2-team02= L-A Eldredge
| RD2-score02-1=0
| RD2-score02-2=1
| RD2-score02-3=
| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03= D van Rensburg
| RD2-score03-1=5
| RD2-score03-2=7
| RD2-score03-3=3
| RD2-seed04=8
| RD2-team04= T Phelps
| RD2-score04-1=7
| RD2-score04-2=5
| RD2-score04-3=6
| RD2-seed05=
| RD2-team05= P Louie-Harper
| RD2-score05-1=2
| RD2-score05-2=7
| RD2-score05-3=1
| RD2-seed06=
| RD2-team06= C Benjamin
| RD2-score06-1=6
| RD2-score06-2=6
| RD2-score06-3=6
| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07= E Pfaff
| RD2-score07-1=4
| RD2-score07-2=6
| RD2-score07-3=2
| RD2-seed08=6
| RD2-team08= H Mandlíková
| RD2-score08-1=6
| RD2-score08-2=3
| RD2-score08-3=6
| RD2-seed09=
| RD2-team09= K Rinaldi
| RD2-score09-1=6
| RD2-score09-2=2
| RD2-score09-3=2
| RD2-seed10=
| RD2-team10= A Henricksson
| RD2-score10-1=3
| RD2-score10-2=6
| RD2-score10-3=6
| RD2-seed11=
| RD2-team11= G Fernández
| RD2-score11-1=7
| RD2-score11-2=3
| RD2-score11-3=2
| RD2-seed12=
| RD2-team12= L Ferrando
| RD2-score12-1=6
| RD2-score12-2=6
| RD2-score12-3=6
| RD2-seed13=5
| RD2-team13= P Fendick
| RD2-score13-1=6
| RD2-score13-2=6
| RD2-score13-3=
| RD2-seed14=
| RD2-team14= M L Daniels
| RD2-score14-1=3
| RD2-score14-2=1
| RD2-score14-3=
| RD2-seed15=
| RD2-team15= K Adams
| RD2-score15-1=2
| RD2-score15-2=6
| RD2-score15-3=6
| RD2-seed16=2
| RD2-team16= M Maleeva
| RD2-score16-1=6
| RD2-score16-2=3
| RD2-score16-3=3
| RD3-seed01=1
| RD3-team01= S Graf
| RD3-score01-1=6
| RD3-score01-2=6
| RD3-score01-3=
| RD3-seed02=8
| RD3-team02= T Phelps
| RD3-score02-1=3
| RD3-score02-2=0
| RD3-score02-3=
| RD3-seed03=
| RD3-team03= C Benjamin
| RD3-score03-1=5
| RD3-score03-2=5
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=6
| RD3-team04= H Mandlíková
| RD3-score04-1=7
| RD3-score04-2=7
| RD3-score04-3=
| RD3-seed05=
| RD3-team05= A Henricksson
| RD3-score05-1=6
| RD3-score05-2=5
| RD3-score05-3=6
| RD3-seed06=
| RD3-team06= L Ferrando
| RD3-score06-1=3
| RD3-score06-2=7
| RD3-score06-3=4
| RD3-seed07=5
| RD3-team07= P Fendick
| RD3-score07-1=6
| RD3-score07-2=6
| RD3-score07-3=6
| RD3-seed08=
| RD3-team08= K Adams
| RD3-score08-1=4
| RD3-score08-2=7
| RD3-score08-3=7
| RD4-seed01=1
| RD4-team01= S Graf
| RD4-score01-1=7
| RD4-score01-2=6
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=6
| RD4-team02= H Mandlíková
| RD4-score02-1=6
| RD4-score02-2=3
| RD4-score02-3=
| RD4-seed03=
| RD4-team03= A Henricksson
| RD4-score03-1=6
| RD4-score03-2=4
| RD4-score03-3=6
| RD4-seed04=
| RD4-team04= K Adams
| RD4-score04-1=3
| RD4-score04-2=6
| RD4-score04-3=3
| RD5-seed01=1
| RD5-team01= Steffi Graf
| RD5-score01-1=6
| RD5-score01-2=6
| RD5-score01-3=
| RD5-seed02=
| RD5-team02= Ann Henricksson
| RD5-score02-1=1
| RD5-score02-2=4
| RD5-score02-3=
}}
External links
* [https://wtafiles.blob.core.windows.net/pdf/draws/archive/1989/602.pdf WTA tournament draws]
* [https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/san-antonio/usa/1989/w-wt-usa-05a-1989/draws-and-results/ ITF tournament edition details]
Women's Singles
Singles
Category:Women's sports in Connecticut
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_U.S._Women's_Hard_Court_Championships_–_Singles
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.318783
|
25868972
|
Wiesław Łukaszewski
|
Wiesław Łukaszewski (9 September 1940 – 31 October 2024) was a Polish psychologist, specialising in personality psychology, social psychology, and motivational psychology. He was a professor at Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej in Wrocław and Sopot.
Life and career
Łukaszewski was born on 9 September 1940. In 1964, he graduated from the University of Warsaw, and in 1972 he completed his doctoral dissertation, becoming an assistant professor in 1974. Since 1987, he was a professor of human science.
Łukaszewski lectured at Dolnośląska Szkoła Wyższa Edukacji Towarzystwa Wiedzy Powszechnej in Wrocław, the University of Wrocław (Department of Historical and Pedagogical Science), and the University of Opole (Historical-Pedagogical Department, Institute of Psychology). He was a member of the Polish Academy of Science (PAN) and served as the Chairman of the Committee of Psychological Sciences PAN since 1994. He was a member of the editorial board of the scientific journals Psychological Journal, Psychological Review and Quarterly Journal of Developmental Psychology, and had cooperated with the editor of the monthly Charaktery.
Łukaszewski died on 31 October 2024, at the age of 84.
Major books
Ocena działania a wykonywanie nowych zadań, publisher Ossolineum, Wrocław 1970
Osobowość: Struktura i funkcje regulacyjne, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 1974
Struktura ja a działanie w sytuacjach zadaniowych. Empiryczne studium nad funkcjami regulacyjnymi osobowości, publisher UWR, Wrocław 1982
Szanse rozwoju osobowości, publisher KIW, Warszawa 1984
Wielkie pytania psychologii, Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne, Gdańsk 2003 (winner of the Special Prize of the Minister of Science and Information Technology for academic books)
Wytrwałość w działaniu (with Magdalena Marszał Wiśniewska), Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne, Gdańsk 2006
References
Category:1940 births
Category:2024 deaths
Category:Polish psychologists
Category:University of Warsaw alumni
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiesław_Łukaszewski
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.321616
|
25868975
|
Wakayama 3rd district
|
Wakayama 3rd district is a former constituency of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan (national legislature), located in Wakayama Prefecture and consisted of Arida, Gobo, Shingu, and Tanabe cities and the Arida, Hidaka, Higashimuro, and Nishimuro districts. As of 2012, 298,296 eligible voters were registered in the district.
Since its creation in 1996, Wakayama 3rd district was represented by Toshihiro Nikai for the New Frontier Party (NFP), the Conservative Party, the New Conservative Party and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Nikai, a former Transport, Hokkaido and Economy minister, is a member of the LDP's Ibuki faction since his own faction of former Conservative Party members dissolved in 2009.
Kimiyoshi Tamaki, a longtime Wakayama prefectural representative, failed to unseat Nikai in the 2009 election that brought the Democratic Party a landslide win. He was safely elected in the Kinki proportional representation block where all Democratic party list candidates managed to secure a seat in the House.
Before the 1994 electoral reform, the area had been part of Wakayama 2nd district where three, later two representatives were elected by single non-transferable vote.
The district was abolished as a part the 2022 reapportionment. All the municipalities in the district became part of the Wakayama 2nd district.
List of representatives
{| class=wikitable
|- valign=bottom
!Election
!Representative
!Party
!Notes
|-
|1996
| rowspan="9" | Toshihiro Nikai
|style="background:lightsalmon;"|NFP
| joined LP after the dissolution of the NFP in 2000. After leaving LP, joined the CP.
|-
|2000
|style="background:cyan;"|CP
| joined NCP in 2002.
|-
|2003
|style="background:cornflowerblue;"|NCP
| merged into LDP in 2003.
|-
|2005
|style"background:lawngreen;" rowspan"6"|LDP
|
|-
|2009
|
|-
|2012
|
|-
|2014
|
|-
|2017
|
|-
|2021
| Constituency abolished
|}
Election results
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="9"|2021
|-
!Party
!Candidate
!Age
!Votes
!%
!±%
!Defeat rate
!Supports
!Notes
|-
|style="background:lawngreen;"|LDP
|style="background:pink;"|Toshihiro Nikai
|style="background:pink;"|82
|style="background:pink;"|102,834
|style="background:pink;"|69.34%
|style="background:pink;"|－3.61%
|style="background:pink;"|ー
|style="background:pink;"|Kōmeitō
|style="background:pink;"|
|-
|style="background:red;"|JCP
|Yoshihiro Hatano
|61
|20,692
|13.95%
|ー
|20.12%
|SDP
|
|-
|style="background:LightGray;"|Kunimori
|Nana Honma
|52
|19,034
|12.83%
|ー
|18.51%
|
|
|-
|Independent
|Hideki Negoro
|51
|5,745
|3.87%
|ー
|5.59%
|
|
|}
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="9"|2017
|-
!Party
!Candidate
!Age
!Votes
!%
!±%
!Defeat rate
!Supports
!Notes
|-
|style="background:lawngreen;"|LDP
|style="background:pink;"|Toshihiro Nikai
|style="background:pink;"|78
|style="background:pink;"|109,488
|style="background:pink;"|72.95%
|style="background:pink;"|－3.55%
|style="background:pink;"|ー
|style="background:pink;"|Kōmeitō
|style="background:pink;"|
|-
|style="background:red;"|JCP
|Fumirō Kusumoto
|63
|40,608
|27.05%
|ー
|37.09%
|SDP
|
|}
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="9"|2014
|-
!Party
!Candidate
!Age
!Votes
!%
!±%
!Defeat rate
!Supports
!Notes
|-
|style="background:lawngreen;"|LDP
|style="background:pink;"|Toshihiro Nikai
|style="background:pink;"|75
|style="background:pink;"|108,257
|style="background:pink;"|76.50%
|style="background:pink;"|+16.07%
|style="background:pink;"|ー
|style="background:pink;"|Kōmeitō
|style="background:pink;"|
|-
|style="background:red;"|JCP
|Yasuhisa Hara
|63
|33,260
|23.50%
|+11.96%
|30.72%
|
|
|}
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="9"|2012
|-
!Party
!Candidate
!Age
!Votes
!%
!±%
!Defeat rate
!Supports
!Notes
|-
|style="background:lawngreen;"|LDP
|style="background:pink;"|Toshihiro Nikai
|style="background:pink;"|73
|style="background:pink;"|112,916
|style="background:pink;"|60.43%
|style="background:pink;"|+8.37%
|style="background:pink;"|ー
|style="background:pink;"|Kōmeitō
|style="background:pink;"|
|-
|style="background:goldenrod;"|JSP
|Daisuke Yamashita
|45
|52,358
|28.02%
|ー
|46.37%
|
|
|-
|style="background:red;"|JCP
|Yasuhisa Hara
|61
|21,570
|11.54%
|+3.81%
|19.10%
|
|
|}
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan="9"|2009
|-
!Party
!Candidate
!Age
!Votes
!%
!±%
!Defeat rate
!Supports
!Notes
|-
|style="background:lawngreen;"|LDP
|style="background:pink;"|Toshihiro Nikai
|style="background:pink;"|70
|style="background:pink;"|117,237
|style="background:pink;"|52.06%
|style="background:pink;"|－14.36%
|style="background:pink;"|ー
|style="background:pink;"|Kōmeitō
|style="background:pink;"|
|-
|style="background:darkorange;"|DP
|style="background:mistyrose;"|Kimiyoshi Tamaki
|style="background:mistyrose;"| 54
|style="background:mistyrose;"| 102,342
|style="background:mistyrose;"| 45.44%
|style="background:mistyrose;"|ー
|style="background:mistyrose;"| 87.29%
|style="background:mistyrose;"|
|style="background:mistyrose;"| elected in the Kinki block.
|-
|style="background:LightGray;"|HRP
|Yūko Minato
|26
|5,634
|2.50%
|ー
|4.81%
|
|
|}
References
Category:Former districts of the House of Representatives (Japan)
Category:House of Representatives (Japan) districts in Wakayama Prefecture
Category:History of Wakayama Prefecture
Category:1994 establishments in Japan
Category:Constituencies established in 1994
Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2022
Category:2022 disestablishments in Japan
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakayama_3rd_district
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.337177
|
25868984
|
Greville Verney, 7th Baron Willoughby de Broke
|
thumb|Arms of Verney: Gules, three crosses recerclée voided throughout or a chief vair ermine and ermines
Greville Verney, 7th Baron Willoughby de Broke and de jure 15th Baron Latimer (1586 – 12 May 1642) of Compton Verney in Warwickshire, England, served twice as a Member of Parliament for Warwick, in 1614 and 1621.
Origins
He was the son and heir of Sir Richard Verney (1563–1630) of Compton Verney by his wife Margaret Greville (d. 1631), (from 1628 suo jure 6th Baroness Willoughby de Broke) daughter of Fulke Greville, 4th Baron Willoughby de Broke (1536–1606) of Beauchamp Court, Alcester, Warwickshire, and sister and heiress of Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, 5th Baron Willoughby de Broke (1554–1628), known before 1621 as Sir Fulke Greville the poet, dramatist, and statesman.
Career
He was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1600. He also studied under the Cambridge scholar Robert Naunton, although no record of his formal admission to the university is known. In 1607 he was granted a 4 year passport, which was renewed for 3 years in 1612. He traveled widely on the Continent to complete his education, returning to sit as Member of Parliament for Warwick in 1614 through the patronage of his uncle. He sat again as MP for Warwick in 1621.
Greville Verney, 8th Baron Willoughby de Broke
Richard Verney, 11th Baron Willoughby de Broke
Elizabeth Verney, who married William Peyto, a son of Edward Peyto
Death and succession
He died on 12 May 1642 when the title passed to his son Greville Verney, 8th Baron Willoughby de Broke. His younger son inherited the title on the death of the 8th baron's grandson.
References
External links
Compton Verney House website
Greville
Greville Verney
Category:1586 births
Category:1642 deaths
Category:High sheriffs of Warwickshire
Category:English MPs 1614
Category:English MPs 1621–1622
Category:Sheriffs of Warwickshire
7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greville_Verney,_7th_Baron_Willoughby_de_Broke
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.342284
|
25868998
|
Kuskokwim 300
|
thumb|Start of the 2011 Kuskokwim 300.
The Kuskokwim 300 is among the more highly regarded mid-distance dogsled races in Alaska, annually attracting some of the top mushers in the sport. The race starts and ends on the Kuskokwim River in Bethel, Alaska, and is run on and adjacent to its namesake river.
History
Often referred to as the "Kusko 300", or "K-300", the race has been held every January since 1980 (except 2021 which was held in February), and commemorates an early mail route that once tied the settlements along the river to the outside world. Top mushers and hundreds of sled dogs participate in the race for a purse of $160,000, the largest offered by any 300-mile (480 km) sled dog race.
The race is renowned for its often difficult weather and trail conditions. The inaugural race saw a fierce blizzard with dangerously low windchills for the first half of the race, followed by a freak thaw and rain for the latter half. Three separate K-300s (1991, 1999, 2008) earned the nickname "Kusko-Swim", due to strong winds, rain, and deep overflow on top of the river ice.
2021 saw the race rescheduled for mid-February, avoiding Super Bowl LV.
List of race winners
1980 - Rick Swenson
1981 - Jerry Austin
1982 - Jerry Austin
1983 - Myron Angstman
1984 - Rick Swenson
1985 - Rick Mackey
1986 - Myron Angstman
1987 - Rick Mackey
1988 - Susan Butcher
1989 - Sonny Russell
1990 - Sonny Russell
1991 - Jeff King
1992 - Jeff King
1993 - Jeff King
1994 - Martin Buser
1995 - Ramey Smyth
1996 - Charlie Boulding
1997 - Jeff King
1998 - Greg Swingley
1999 - Doug Swingley
2000 - Charlie Boulding
2001 - Jeff King
2002 - Jeff King
2003 - Jeff King
2004 - Ed Iten
2005 - Mitch Seavey
2006 - Jeff King
2007 - Martin Buser
2008 - Mitch Seavey
2009 - Mitch Seavey
2010 - John Baker
2011 - Paul Gebhardt
2012 - Rohn Buser
2013 - Jeff King
2014 - Rohn Buser
2015 - Pete Kaiser
2016 - Pete Kaiser
2017 - Pete Kaiser
2018 - Pete Kaiser
2019 - Matthew Failor (record time)
2020 - Pete Kaiser
2021 - Richie Diehl
2022 - Pete Kaiser
2023 - Pete Kaiser
2024 - Pete Kaiser
External links
2010 Kuskokwim 300 results
"Kotzebue musher Baker pulls away to win Kuskokwim 300", Anchorage Daily News
Category:1980 establishments in Alaska
Category:Annual events in Alaska
Category:Bethel, Alaska
Category:Dog sledding races
Category:Recurring sporting events established in 1980
Category:Sports competitions in Alaska
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuskokwim_300
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.344445
|
25869007
|
William Fitzeustace, 1st Earl of Gloucester
|
William Fitzeustace, 1st Earl of Gloucester (died 1094) was a Norman peer and was created Earl of Gloucester in 1093, according to some sources. He is tentatively identified, by Burke's Peerage as a son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, which is also less certain about the title.
Notes
Category:Anglo-Normans
Category:1094 deaths
Category:Year of birth unknown
William Fitzeustace, 1st Earl of Gloucester
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fitzeustace,_1st_Earl_of_Gloucester
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.345861
|
25869026
|
Jerusalem Kings
|
The Jerusalem Kings were a semiprofessional American football team based in Jerusalem and a member of the Israel Football League (IFL). The team played its home games at Kraft Family Stadium. A year after a rule was instituted limiting the number of foreigners on a roster, the team disbanded after the 2014–2015 season. Most players who wished to continue playing in the IFL joined the Judean Rebels.
History
thumb|250px|Kings vs. Underdogs in 2009
2008 season
The Jerusalem Kings began as the fifth franchise in the IFL and the second team based in Jerusalem (following the Jerusalem Lions). The Kings finished their inaugural season with a record of 1-7.
2009 season
The Kings improved in their second year and finished the regular season with a record of 6-4 before taking third place in the IFL playoffs by beating the Judean Rebels.
2010–2011 season
The Kings took a step back in their third year and finished the regular season with a record of 1-9.
2012–2013 season
The Kings finished in a three-way tie for fourth place with a record of 5-5 along with the Judean Rebels and Haifa Underdogs. The Kings and Rebels made the playoffs due to point differential. The Kings beat the 8-2 Hatikva Hammers on a last second Hail Mary pass in the first round, then lost to the eventual champion Tel-Aviv Sabres in the semi-finals.
References
External links
http://www.jpost.com/Sports/Article.aspx?id=170630
Category:American football teams in Israel
Category:Sport in Jerusalem
Category:American football teams established in 2008
Category:American football teams disestablished in 2015
Category:2008 establishments in Israel
Category:2015 establishments in Israel
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem_Kings
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.347585
|
25869063
|
Richard C. Jack
|
Richard C. Jack is a British animator and award-winning filmmaker living in Brooklyn, NY. Jack is best known for writing and directing Rockin’ and Rollin’, an animated short produced by Tandem Films (UK). Rockin’ and Rollin’ takes a candid look at the losers’ bench–from the POV of pool balls.
Jack is currently the Director of Animation Programming for RockAMedia LLC–a New York City based media production and distribution company.
Jack studied animation at Bournemouth University (UK). His animation credits include Disney’s Tigger Movie, Warner Brother’s Space Jam plus various TV commercials and children’s TV projects. Jack has worked as an art director, illustrator, storyboard artist and character designer at studios in both London and New York.
Richard C. Jack has also created live action music videos for Bruce Dickinson, Muck and the Mires, Katy Mae and the Giraffes but has an enormous chip on his shoulder and is firmly wedged in the mid 1980s in most aspects of his life.
Awards
(for Rockin’ and Rollin’)
New York Expo: Best Debut Film, FAN, Norwich: Best Independent Film, Cinanima International Animated Film Festival, Portugal: Best Film under 7 minutes http://www.cinanima.pt, Bilbao International Film Festival of Documentary and Short Film: Gold Mikeldi for Animation http://www.zinebi.com, Portugal Festivideo: The Big Prize, Manhattan Short Film Festival: Public Vote Best Film http://www.msfilmfest.com, Kalamazoo Michigan International Animation Festival: Best of Show https://web.archive.org/web/20070118135855/http://kafi.kvcc.edu/, Crested Butte Reel Festival, Colorado: Gold Award Winner
Studios
LONDON:
Ice Pick, Tandem, Panico Productions (studio owned by Julian Doyle - Director of Photography for Brazil, Holy Grail, and other Gilliam-related projects), Blue Sunflower Studios, Uli Meyer Animation, Passion Pictures
NEW YORK:
RockAMedia LLC http://www.rockamedia.com, DMA Animation, High5 Games, Badcat
Music videos
The Giraffes “The Border”–Writer and Director, Muck and the Mires “Doreen”–Writer and Director, Katy Mae “Safe and Sound”–Writer and Director,
Bruce Dickenson (Iron Maiden) solo project promo videos for The Tower and The Killing Floor–Art Director
References
Richard Jack http://www.vimeo.com/user2048977/videos
Rockin’ and Rollin’ http://www.tandemfilms.com/#films/shortfilms/11
http://www.tandemfilms.com/#awards/6
Muck and the Mires Doreen http://www.myspace.com/muckandthemires
http://www.bostonbandcrush.com/2009/07/music-video-crush-doreen-by-muck-and.html
Katy Mae Safe and Sound https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=32XAG1nQG0s
IMDB https://us.imdb.com/name/nm1088734/
Lund International FANTASTIK FILM FESTIVAL http://www.fff.se/katalog/katalogfilm_eng.asp?ID=280
NY Expo: http://nyexpo.org/2002PR.html
Category:British animators
Category:British animated film directors
Category:British music video directors
Category:Living people
Category:Alumni of Bournemouth University
Category:People from Brooklyn
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_C._Jack
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.349522
|
25869069
|
Helmut Beinert
|
| birth_place = Lahr, Germany
| death_date =
| death_place = Madison, Wisconsin
| nationality = American
| field = Biochemistry
| workplaces = University of Wisconsin-Madison
| alma_mater = University of Leipzig, University of Heidelberg
| known_for = Metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins
| prizes = Warburg Medal
}}
Helmut Beinert (17 November 1913 – 21 December 2007) was a professor in the biochemistry department at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His research focused on the mechanism of enzymes, in particular metalloenzymes and iron-sulfur proteins. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1980.Early life and education
Beinert was born in Lahr, Germany on 17 November 1913. He studied in the classical traditions of time, and his bachelor's education consisted of Latin, mathematics, Greek and French, along with the physical sciences. After graduation he became a professional actor, but was subsequently drafted into the army. He left the army and studied chemistry at the University of Leipzig and the University of Heidelberg, eventually completing his
thesis work in 1943 at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research in Heidelberg.Selected awards and distinctions* 1979 - Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* 1980 - Elected to the National Academy of Sciences
* 1994 - Otto Warburg Medal from the Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Germany<ref name"Angewandte" />References
Category:1913 births
Category:People from Lahr
Category:2007 deaths
Category:American biochemists
Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Category:Emigrants from West Germany to the United States
Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Category:Medical College of Wisconsin faculty
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Beinert
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.352822
|
25869090
|
List of Peach Girl chapters
|
as published by Kodansha on January 13, 1998, in Japan.]]
The chapters of Peach Girl are written and illustrated by Miwa Ueda.
Peach Girl was licensed by Tokyopop for an English-language release in North America. Currently the series is out-of-print.
__TOC__
Volume list
Peach Girl
Peach Girl: Change of Heart
Peach Girl: Sae's Story''
References
External links
*
Peach Girl
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Peach_Girl_chapters
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.363233
|
25869096
|
Chronobiology International
|
Chronobiology International is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all aspects of biological and medical rhythm research, chronotherapeutics, and chronoprevention of risks. It is the official journal of the International Society for Chronobiology, the American Association for Medical Chronobiology and Chronotherapeutics, and the Society for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a current impact factor of 2.562 (2018).
As of 2021, the editor-in-chief is Dr. Roberto Refinetti.
Previous Editors-in-Chief of the journal have been:
Dr. Michael Smolensky
Dr. Francesco Portaluppi, University of Ferrara
Dr. Alain Reinberg
Dr. Yvan Touitou
References
External links
International Society for Chronobiology
American Association for Medical Chronobiology and Chronotherapeutics
Society for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms
Category:Biology journals
Category:Academic journals established in 1984
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronobiology_International
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.364979
|
25869101
|
Charles Fynn
|
| birth_place = Marylebone, London, England
| death_date
| death_place = Bournemouth, Dorset, England
| heightft | heightinch
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Leg break googly
| role | club1 Hampshire
| year1 = 1930–1931
| columns = 1
| column1 = First-class
| matches1 = 9
| runs1 = 45
| bat avg1 = 6.42
| 100s/50s1 = –/–
| top score1 = 21
| deliveries1 = 778
| wickets1 = 11
| bowl avg1 = 40.54
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = 3/92
| catches/stumpings1 = 2/–
| date = 19 January
| year = 2010
| source = http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/12937.html Cricinfo
}}
Charles Garnet Fynn (24 April 1897 — 26 August 1976) was an English first-class cricketer.
Fynn was born at Marylebone in April 1897. He began his club cricket as a young fast bowler, but was wounded during the First World War and as a result he never bowled fast again. After the war he reinvented himself as a leg break googly bowler, making his debut in first-class cricket for Hampshire against Lancashire at Bournemouth in the 1930 County Championship. He took the wickets of Jack Iddon and Malcolm Taylor with his first over in first-class cricket. He played first-class cricket for Hampshire until 1931, making nine appearances. Fynn took 11 wickets in his nine matches, at an average of 40.54, with best figures of 3 for 92. As a tailend batsman, he scored 45 runs with a highest score of 21. Following his playing career, Fynn was a founder the Bournemouth Amateurs Cricket Club and played in club cricket in Bournemouth.<ref name"HCH"/> He died at Bournemouth in August 1976.
References
External links
*
Category:1897 births
Category:1976 deaths
Category:Cricketers from the City of Westminster
Category:People from Marylebone
Category:English cricketers
Category:Hampshire cricketers
Category:20th-century English sportsmen
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fynn
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.367496
|
25869104
|
Gian Luigi Rondi
|
| birth_place = Tirano, Italy
| death_date
| death_place = Rome, Italy
| occupation = film critic
}}
Gian Luigi Rondi (10 December 1921 – 22 September 2016) was an Italian film critic. He was a member of the jury at the 12th and 15th Moscow International Film Festival. He was also a member of the jury at the 11th and 32nd Berlin International Film Festival. He was also a member of the jury three times at the Cannes Film Festival in 1963, 1967 and 1980. He was the president of the jury at the 48th Venice Film Festival. A closeted homosexual for most of his life, he was married to Yvette Spadaccini from 1948 to her death in 2012.Selected filmography* Obsession (1954)ReferencesExternal links
*
Category:1921 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:Italian film critics
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gian_Luigi_Rondi
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.370721
|
25869130
|
2005 Football League Two play-off final
|
The 2005 Football League Two play-off final was an association football match played on 28 May 2005 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, between Southend United and Lincoln City. The match determined the fourth and final team to gain promotion from Football League Two, English football's fourth tier, to Football League One. The top three teams of the 2004–05 Football League Two season gained automatic promotion to League One, while the teams placed from fourth to seventh in the table took part in play-off semi-finals; the winners of these semi-finals competed for the final place for the 2005–06 season in League One. Southend United finished in fourth place while Lincoln City ended the season in sixth position. They defeated Northampton Town and Macclesfield Town, respectively, in the semi-finals.
The match was refereed by Martin Atkinson in front of 19,653 spectators. The first 90 minutes finished goalless, and was described by Jamie Jackson in The Observer as "tepid, uninventive fare", so the game went into extra time. The first goal was scored just before half-time in the first period of extra time, when Spencer Prior flicked on Nicky Nicolau's corner and Freddy Eastwood struck Matt Bloomer's clearance into the Lincoln goal. With ten minutes of extra time remaining, Eastwood ran at the Lincoln defence and passed the ball square to Duncan Jupp who scored his first league goal in a decade to give Southend a 2–0 lead. No further goals were scored, securing Southend a 2–0 win and promotion to League One.
Lincoln City ended their following season in seventh position in League Two and qualified for the play-offs where they lost 3–1 on aggregate to Grimsby Town in the semi-final. Southend United secured back-to-back promotions when they finished the following season as champions of League One.
Route to the final
Southend United finished the regular 2004–05 season in fourth place in Football League Two, the fourth tier of the English football league system, two places ahead of Lincoln City. Both therefore missed out on the three automatic places for promotion to Football League One and instead took part in the play-offs to determine the fourth promoted team. Southend United finished two points behind Swansea City and Scunthorpe United (who were promoted in third and second place respectively, the latter having superior goal difference) and five behind league winners Yeovil Town. Lincoln City ended the season six points behind Southend United. The second leg of the semi-final was held a week later at Moss Rose in Macclesfield. Once again, McAuley gave Lincoln an early lead, scoring with a header in the 15th minute. Paul Harsley equalised for Macclesfield in the 76th minute with a shot on the turn but the match ended 1–1 and Lincoln progressed to the final with a 2–1 aggregate victory.
Southend United faced Northampton Town in the second semi-final with the first leg hosted at Sixfields Stadium in Northampton on 15 May 2005. Both sides had chances to score and although the visitors were more dominant, the match ended 0–0. The second leg took place six days later at Roots Hall in Southend-on-Sea. The first half ended 0–0 but four minutes into the second, Nicky Nicolau was fouled in the Northampton penalty area and Freddy Eastwood converted the resulting penalty. It gave Southend a 1–0 victory both in the match and on aggregate, and they qualified for the final.
Match
Background
It was Southend United's first appearance in the play-offs. They had played in the third tier of English football since they were relegated at the end of the 1997–98 season. This was their second visit to the Millennium Stadium of the season, having played in the Football League Trophy Final the month before where they lost 2–0 to Wrexham. Lincoln City were making their third consecutive appearance in the play-offs, having lost 5–2 against Bournemouth in the 2003 Football League Third Division play-off final and failing to progress past the semi-final in the 2004 play-offs. They had played in the third tier since being relegated in the 1998–99 season. Both matches between the sides during the regular season ended in 1–1 draws, first at Sincil Bank in August 2004, and again at Roots Hall the following March. Simon Yeo was Lincoln City's top scorer with 23 goals in the regular season (21 in the league, 2 in the League Cup) followed by Gary Taylor-Fletcher with 11 (10 in the league, 1 in the League Cup). Eastwood led the scoring for Southend United with 19 goals (all in the league) while both Adam Barrett and Wayne Gray had 11 (all in the league).
The referee for the match was Martin Atkinson from Yorkshire.SummaryThe match kicked off around 3p.m. on 28 May 2005 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff in front of 19,653 spectators. The match was an even affair during the first half: early on, Francis Green's header for Lincoln was off-target, and the team then saw a goal from Yeo ruled out. Southend had two goal-bound chances cleared as the Lincoln goalkeeper Alan Marriott saved shots from both Carl Pettefer and Mark Bentley. Southend dominated the second half, with Eastwood creating the best chance in the 56th minute but falling over the ball with only Marriott to beat from around . Jamie Jackson, writing in The Observer, described the first 90 minutes of the match as "tepid, uninventive fare". The first goal was scored just before half-time in the first period of extra time. Spencer Prior flicked on Nicolau's corner and Eastwood struck Matt Bloomer's clearance into the Lincoln goal to make it 1–0. With ten minutes of extra time remaining, Eastwood ran at the Lincoln defence and passed the ball square to Duncan Jupp who scored his first league goal in a decade to give Southend a 2–0 lead.
|goals1 = Eastwood <br>Jupp
|goals2 |stadium Millennium Stadium, Cardiff
|attendance = 19,653
|referee = Martin Atkinson (Yorkshire)
}}
{| width=92%
|-
|
|
|}
{| width="100%"
|valign"top" width"50%"|
{| style"font-size: 90%" cellspacing"0" cellpadding="0"
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width"25"| !!width"25"|
|-
|GK ||13 ||Darryl Flahavan
|-
|RB ||2 ||Duncan Jupp
|-
|CB ||15 ||Spencer Prior
|-
|CB ||6 ||Adam Barrett
|-
|LB ||18 ||Che Wilson
|-
|RM ||10 ||Carl Pettefer
|-
|CM ||8 ||Kevin Maher (c)
|-
|CM ||9 ||Mark Bentley ||
|-
|LM ||3||Nicky Nicolau || ||
|-
|FW ||23 ||Freddy Eastwood || ||
|-
|FW ||14||Wayne Gray || ||
|-
|colspan=3|Substitutes:
|-
|GK ||1||Bart Griemink
|-
|DF ||5||Andy Edwards || ||
|-
|MF ||7||Mark Gower || ||
|-
|MF ||29||Luke Guttridge
|-
|FW ||11||Lawrie Dudfield || ||
|-
|colspan=4|Manager:
|-
|colspan="4"|Steve Tilson
|}
|valign"top" width"50%"|
{| style"font-size: 90%" cellspacing"0" cellpadding"0" align"center"
|colspan="4"|
|-
!width"25"| !!width"25"|
|-
|GK ||1 ||Alan Marriott
|-
|WB ||17 ||Gareth McAuley
|-
|CB ||23 ||Jamie McCombe
|-
|CB ||5 ||Paul Morgan (c)
|-
|CB ||4 ||Ben Futcher ||
|-
|WB ||3 ||Kevin Sandwith
|-
|CM ||8 ||Richard Butcher
|-
|CM ||11 ||Peter Gain
|-
|FW ||27||Gary Taylor-Fletcher || ||
|-
|FW ||9 ||Simon Yeo || ||
|-
|FW ||30||Francis Green || ||
|-
|colspan=4|Substitutes:
|-
|GK ||13||Simon Rayner
|-
|DF ||2||Lee Beevers || ||
|-
|DF ||14||Matt Bloomer || ||
|-
|MF ||16||Ritchie Hanlon
|-
|FW ||7||Derek Asamoah || ||
|-
|colspan=4|Manager:
|-
|colspan="4"|Keith Alexander
|}
|}
Post-match
Steve Tilson, the winning manager, praised his side's resilience: "After not getting automatic promotion, to bounce back and win today was a great achievement... I thought we were worthy winners in the end." His counterpart Keith Alexander suggested that his team needed to be improved: "We have to go out and get a better team... I've got to get better players and we have to go up from the top three."
Lincoln City ended their following season in seventh position in League Two and qualified for the play-offs where they lost 3–1 on aggregate to Grimsby Town in the semi-final. Southend United finished the following season as champions of League One, securing back-to-back promotions, to participate in the Championship for the 2006–07 season.References
Category:EFL League Two play-off finals
Play-off Final 2005
Play-off Final 2005
3
play-off final
Football League Two play-off final
Category:Association football matches in Wales
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Football_League_Two_play-off_final
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.390689
|
25869161
|
13th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment (Union)
|
The 13th Tennessee Cavalry Regiment was a cavalry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was originally designated 12th Tennessee Volunteer Cavalry, but was changed by order of Governor Andrew Johnson on December 31, 1863.
Service
The 13th Tennessee Cavalry was organized at Strawberry Plains, Gallatin and Nashville, Tennessee, and mustered in for a three-year enlistment under the command of Colonel John K. Miller. Nine companies mustered in at Strawberry Plains on October 28 and November 8, 1863.
The regiment was attached to District of Columbus, Kentucky, 6th Division, XVI Corps, Department of the Tennessee, to November 1863. District of North Central Kentucky, Department of the Ohio, to January 1864. District of Nashville, Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to April 1864. 3rd Brigade, 4th Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of the Cumberland, to October 1864. 3rd Brigade, 4th Division, Cavalry Corps, Military Division Mississippi, November 1864. District of East Tennessee to March 1865. 3rd Brigade, Cavalry Division, District of East Tennessee, Department of the Cumberland, to July 1865. Cavalry Brigade, District of East Tennessee, to September 1865.
The 13th Tennessee Cavalry mustered out of service at Knoxville, Tennessee, on September 5, 1865.
Detailed service
Duty in District of Columbus, Ky., and at Camp Nelson, Ky., until January 1864. Duty in District of Nashville and on Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, and at Bull's Gap, Tenn., until September 1864. Rogersville August 21, 1864. Pursuit to Greenville August 21–23. Blue Springs August 23. Park's Gap, Greenville, September 4. Morgan killed. Gillem's Expedition from eastern Tennessee toward southwest Virginia September 20-October 17. Rheatown September 28. Watauga River September 29. Carter's Station September 30-October 1. Operations in eastern Tennessee October 10–28. Greenville October 12. Bull's Gap October 16. Clinch Mountain October 18. Clinch Valley near Sneedsville October 21. Near Memphis October 25. Mossy Creek and Panther Gap October 27. Morristown and Russellville October 28. Operations against Breckenridge's advance into eastern Tennessee November 4–17. Russellville November 11. Bull's Gap November 11–13. Russellville November 14. Strawberry Plains November 16–17. Flat Creek November 17. Stoneman's Saltsville Raid December 10–29. Big Creek near Rogersville December 12. Kingsport December 13. Glade Springs December 15. Marion and capture of Wytheville December 16. Mt. Airy December 17. Engagement near Marion December 17–18. Capture and destruction of Saltville, Va., December 20–21. Duty in eastern Tennessee until March 1865. Stoneman's Expedition from eastern Tennessee into southwest Virginia and western North Carolina March 21-April 25. Wytheville April 6. Shallow Ford and near Mocksville April 11. Salisbury April 12. Catawba River near Morgantown April 17. Swannanoa Gap, N.C., April 20. Near Hendersonville April 23. Duty in District of East Tennessee until September.
Commanders
Colonel John K. Miller
Notable members
Lieutenant Colonel Roderick Randum Butler - U.S. Representative from Tennessee (1867–1875, 1887–1889)
Sergeant Andrew Campbell, Company G - shot and killed Confederate Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan
Captain Daniel Ellis, Company A - "pilot" of east Tennessee Unionist refugees
See also
List of Tennessee Civil War units
Tennessee in the Civil War
References
Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion (Des Moines, IA: Dyer Pub. Co.), 1908.
Ellis, Daniel. Thrilling Adventures of Daniel Ellis: The Great Union Guide of East Tennessee, for a Period of Nearly Four Years During the Great Southern Rebellion (New York: Harper & Bros.), 1867.
Scott, Samuel W. and Samuel P. Angel.
Attribution
External links
Brief unit history, including officers' names, regimental strengths, etc.
13th Tennessee Cavalry rosters
Category:Military units and formations established in 1863
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
Category:Units and formations of the Union army from Tennessee
Category:1865 disestablishments in Tennessee
Category:1863 establishments in Tennessee
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_Tennessee_Cavalry_Regiment_(Union)
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.394794
|
25869164
|
Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex
|
2. Isabel of Gloucester
| birth_date = c. 1191
| birth_place | death_date
| death_place =
}}
Geoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex and 4th Earl of Gloucester ( – 23 February 1216) was an English peer. He was an opponent of King John and one of the sureties of the Magna Carta.
Geoffrey and his brother took the surname Mandeville because of the lineage of their mother, Beatrice de Say, who was a granddaughter of Beatrice de Mandeville, the sister of Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex (d. 1144). The elder Beatrice inherited the Mandeville honour in 1189, on the death of her nephew William de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex. Richard I of England allowed her lands and the earldom to pass to her granddaughter's husband Geoffrey Fitz Peter. Their eldest son, Geoffrey, inherited the earldom of Essex from his father in 1213.
His first marriage was to Matilda, daughter of Robert Fitzwalter, a member of the Clare family and one of the leaders of the opposition to King John. She died childless.
In 1214, the new earl gained the earldom of Gloucester and much of the honour by right of marriage to Isabel of Gloucester. He was Isabel's second husband, her marriage to John of England having been annulled many years earlier. The king charged Geoffrey 20,000 marks, an unprecedented amount, for her marriage and inheritance.
On his death, in a tournament in February 1216, Geoffrey was succeeded by his brother William FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 3rd Earl of Essex. His widow Isabel was remarried to Hubert de Burgh, 1st Earl of Kent but died within weeks of the wedding.
References
Category:1190s births
Category:1216 deaths
Category:13th-century English landowners
Category:13th-century English nobility
Category:Magna Carta barons
Geoffrey
Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville, 2nd Earl of Essex
G
Category:Lords of Glamorgan
Category:Year of birth uncertain
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_FitzGeoffrey_de_Mandeville,_2nd_Earl_of_Essex
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.396780
|
25869170
|
OpenFeint
|
| discontinued = December 14, 2012
| latest_release_version = 2.7.5 (1.7 Android)
| latest_release_date = Nov 5, 2010 (Jan 27, 2011 Android)
| latest_preview_version | latest_preview_date
| operating_system = Android, iOS
| genre = Social networking
| website = http://www.gree.net Or http://www.openfeint.com/
}}
OpenFeint was a social platform for mobile games for devices running on Android or iOS. It was developed by Aurora Feint, a company named after a video game by the same developers.
The platform consisted of an SDK for use by games, allowing its various social networking features to be integrated into the game's functionality. OpenFeint was discontinued at the end of 2012.
History
OpenFeint was founded by Jason Citron, who later founded Discord. The first iteration of OpenFeint was launched on February 17, 2009.
Version 2.0 was released in June 2009, and marked the first time that the platform was free for developers to integrate into their own applications. Harris Tsim joined to help with engineering.
Version 2.1 was released on August 14, 2009, featuring "Social challenges", which allowed users to create tasks for themselves and their friends to attempt within games and notified users when new challenges were available. It also allowed users to add "Friends" and introduced a new user interface.
Version 2.4 was released on January 8, 2010, with a revamped layout and a standalone OpenFeint app. As of January 2010, there were over 900 applications in the iOS App Store that used OpenFeint, and there were over ten million users registered on the network.
On September 15, 2010, OpenFeint announced that it would be supporting Android. The9 invested $5 million in the platform, and in October, Intel Capital announced that it had invested $3 million, combining with DeNA's $6 million investment to bring total investments to $12 million.
In 2011, OpenFeint was party to a class action suit with allegations including computer fraud, invasion of privacy, breach of contract, bad faith and seven other statutory violations. According to a news report "OpenFeint's business plan included accessing and disclosing personal information without authorization to mobile-device application developers, advertising networks and web-analytic vendors that market mobile applications".
On November 16, 2012, GREE announced that it would be discontinuing the service on December 14, 2012, primarily in favor of its own similar platform.Notable applications
The following is a list of some of the many applications that used or were integrated with OpenFeint:
<!-- Only include applications here that have a wikipedia article already
so that the list stays at a manageable size. Also, only include an
application if you have a reliable source to reference it. -->
* 101-in-1 Games
* 3D Rollercoaster Rush
* Arriving
* Bloons TD Mobile
* Birdstrike
* Bomberman Touch 2: Volcano Party
* Cytus
* Fieldrunners
* Fruit Ninja
* Galaxy on Fire
* geoDefense
* geoDefense Swarm
* geoSpark
* Hook Worlds
* Jet Car Stunts
* Jetpack Joyride
* Minigore
* The Moron Test
* Pocket God
* Robot Unicorn Attack
* Space Freight
* Super QuickHook
* Tiny Wings
* World of Goo
See also
*Social discovery platform
* Similar social platforms include Scoreloop and Apple's Game Center.
References
External links
*
Category:IOS software
Category:2009 software
Category:Android (operating system) software
Category:Products and services discontinued in 2012
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenFeint
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.400955
|
25869181
|
Robert D. Rowley
|
| birth_place = Cumberland, Maryland, United States
| death_date =
| death_place = York, Pennsylvania, United States
| buried = Arlington National Cemetery
| resting_place_coordinates | religion Anglican
| residence | parents Robert Deane Rowley Sr. & Alice Marquante Wilson
| spouse = Nancy Ann Roland
| children = 2
| occupation | profession
| previous_post = Coadjutor Bishop of Northwestern Pennsylvania <small>(1989-1981)</small>
| education | alma_mater
| motto | signature
| signature_alt | coat_of_arms
| coat_of_arms_alt =
<!---------- Other ---------->
| module | module2
| other =
}}
Robert Deane Rowley, Jr. (July 6, 1941 – January 18, 2010) was the seventh bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Northwestern Pennsylvania.
Early life and education
Rowley was born in Cumberland, Maryland, on July 6, 1941, the son of Robert Deane Rowley Sr. and Alice Marquante Wilson. He was a 1959 graduate of Saint Vincent College Preparatory School in Latrobe, Pennsylvania. He studied at the University of Pittsburgh and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1962 and then a Bachelor of Laws in 1965. In 1963 he was admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar Association, while in 1966 was admitted to the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. He also graduated with a Master of Laws from George Washington University in 1970. Rowley became a lawyer in the Supreme Court of the United States in 1970 and served in the United States Navy from 1966 till 1974. Between 1974 and 1988 he also served in the United States Navy Reserve. He achieved the rank of captain.
Later he studied at the Seminary of the Southwest from where he graduated with a Master of Divinity in 1977. The same institution awarded him a Doctor of Divinity in 1989. He married Nancy Ann Roland on June 27, 1964, and together had two children.
Ordained ministry
Rowley was ordained deacon in June 1977 and priest in January 1978 by the Bishop of Hawaii Edmond L. Browning in St Andrew's Cathedral, Honolulu, Hawaii. He then served as dean of students at St. Andrew's Priory School in Honolulu, a post he retained till 1980. He was also a canon of St Andrew's Cathedral between 1979 and 1981. In 1981 he became rector of St Timothy's Church in Aiea, Hawaii, and in 1983 became canon to the Bishop of Bethlehem.EpiscopacyRowley was elected Coadjutor Bishop of Northwestern Pennsylvania in 1989 and was consecrated in May 1989 by Presiding Bishop Edmond L. Browning. He succeeded as diocesan bishop on April 1, 1991. Between 1993 and 2002, he served on the Presiding Bishop's Council of Advice and was subsequently president of Province III of the Episcopal Church. In 1997 he was nominated for Presiding Bishop. In July 2006 he took a terminal sabbatical leave, which leave expired on August 31, 2007. He died on January 18, 2010, in the hospital of York, Pennsylvania.NotesExternal links
*[https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgZyb3dsZXkSBnJvYmVydA--/ Arlington National Cemetery]
Category:1941 births
Category:2010 deaths
Category:Religious leaders from Cumberland, Maryland
Category:University of Pittsburgh alumni
Category:George Washington University Law School alumni
Category:American lawyers
Category:United States Navy captains
Category:Seminary of the Southwest alumni
Category:United States Navy reservists
Category:Episcopal bishops of Northwestern Pennsylvania
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_D._Rowley
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.404303
|
25869194
|
Jenny Arean
|
thumb|300px|Jenny Arean in 1973
thumb|300px|Jenny Arean (1972)
Jenny Arean (born Joanna Jenneke Josepha Klarenbeek, 4 October 1942) is a Dutch singer, actress and comedian. She is known for her contralto voice.
Life and career
Arean was born in Lisse and raised in Amsterdam. Her father was a waiter and her mother was the singer Conny Renoir. Her mother's mother was also a singer, Henny Verra.
When Arean was 14 years old she saw a performance by the Dutch comedian Wim Sonneveld. At that moment she knew where she wanted to be: on stage. Her mother reckoned her too young for that and at the age of 15 Arean quit school and became a housekeeper. In 1960 she got employment at the ABC-cabaret, managed by Wim Kan and his wife Corry Vonk. Vonk suggested she change her name to Jenny Arean.
In the late 1960s Arean played in plays, musicals (En nu naar bed by Annie M.G. Schmidt) and television series.
From 1963 till 1973 she was married to the Dutch actor Huib Rooymans. They had one daughter, Myra, and divorced because Arean had an affair with her colleague Frans Halsema. In 1977 Arean and Halsema had a big hit with the song Vluchten kan niet meer.
In the early 1980s Arean had a relationship with the Dutch journalist and writer Ischa Meijer. Together they played four productions all written by Meijer. He also stimulated her to play solo productions. In 1985 she played the first one in a long sequence: Gescheiden vrouw op oorlogspad. With that she won several awards, among them the Johan Kaart Prize and the Scheveningen Cabaret Prize. In 2018 she received a Knighthood in the Order of the Dutch Lion.
Solo productions
Gescheiden vrouw op oorlogspad (1985)
Voort gaat i.e. weer (1986)
Het Huishoudschoolsyndroom (1991)
De dame zet zich schrap (1992)
Alles heeft zijn prijs (1994)
Voorwaarts en niet vergeten (2000)
Jenny solo (2005)
Jenny Arean in concert (2007)
Theatre/musical
Hooikoorts (1965/1966) (by Noël Coward)
En nu naar bed (1971)
En God Zag Dat Het Goed Was (1983) (with Ischa Meijer)
Neem je een apie voor me mee (1988) (with George Groot)
Tip Top (1995/1996)
Heerlijk duurt het langst (1998)
Chicago (1999)
Foxtrot (2001)
Klarenbeek and Verbrugge (2002) (with Willeke Alberti)
Telkens weer het dorp (2004)
De Jantjes (2005)
Het Verschil (2007)
New Grounds (2009) (with Tango Dorado)
Jenny Arean and Louis van Dijk (2009)
Film and television
Het meisje met de blauwe hoed (1972/2004)
't Schaep met de 5 pooten (2006)
't Vrije Schaep (met de 5 pooten) (2009)
't Spaanse Schaep (2010)
Gewoon Vrienden, English title Just Friends (2018)
References
External links
Official website
Category:1942 births
Category:Living people
Category:Contraltos
Category:Dutch actresses
Category:Dutch women comedians
Category:Dutch cabaret performers
Category:Dutch cabaret singers
Category:People from Lisse
Category:21st-century Dutch women singers
Category:21st-century Dutch singers
Category:Actresses from Amsterdam
Category:Comedians from Amsterdam
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Arean
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.406444
|
25869201
|
Zoller
|
Zoller is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Attila Zoller (1927–1998), the first guitarist to discover free jazz, innovator of modern jazz guitar
Gunter Zoller (born 1948), German figure skater and figure skating coach
Hans Zoller (1922–2020), Swiss bobsledder who competed in the 1950s and 1960s
Heinrich Zoller (1923–2009), Swiss botanist
Hugo Zoller (1852–1933), German explorer and journalist
Israel (Eugenio) Zolli (1881–1956), born Israel Anton Zoller, Chief Rabbi of Rome, 1939–1945, and post-World War II convert to Catholicism
Karl Zoller (born 1963), American golfer
Karlheinz Zoller (1928–2005), German flautist, principal in the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
Martha Zoller (born 1959), columnist, author, and radio personality on the new News-Talk 103
Peter Zoller (born 1952), theoretical physicist from Austria
Raviv Zoller, Israeli businessman
Robert Zoller (born 1961), retired Austrian alpine skier
Stefan Zoller (1914–1993), Romanian field handball player of German origin who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics
See also
Zoller Glacier, glacier flowing north into the Ferrar Glacier of Victoria Land
Zoller-Frasier Round Barn, historic round barn located at Newville in Herkimer County, New York
Zaller
Zeller (disambiguation)
Ziller
Zöller or Zoeller (disambiguation)
Zoller supercharger created by Arnold Zoller
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoller
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.408062
|
25869213
|
Minuscule 560
|
| type = Byzantine text-type
| cat = V
| hand | note
}}
Minuscule 560 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1288 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.
Scrivener labelled it by number 520.
Description
The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels on 367 parchment leaves (size ). The manuscript was written by many hands.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.
According to Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family K<sup>x</sup> in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.
History
The manuscript was written in Italy. It was in Caesar de Missy's collection in London in 1748 (along with the codex 561, ℓ 162, ℓ 239, ℓ 240).<ref name Scrivener/><ref name Gregory/>
The manuscripts was added to the list of the New Testament minuscule manuscripts by F. H. A. Scrivener (520) and C. R. Gregory (560).<ref name Scrivener/><ref name Gregory/>
Currently the manuscript is housed at the Glasgow University Library (Ms. Hunter 475) in Glasgow.<ref name Aland/> See also
* List of New Testament minuscules
* Biblical manuscript
* Textual criticism
* Minuscule 562
References
Further reading
* Gustavus Haenel, Catalogi librorum manuscriptorum qui in bibliothecis Galliae, Helvetiae, Belgii, Britaniae M., Hispaniae, Lusitaniae Asservantur, Lipsiae 1830.
External links
* [http://www.csntm.org/Manuscript/View/GA_560 Minuscule 560] at the CSNTM
Category:Greek New Testament minuscules
Category:11th-century biblical manuscripts
Category:University of Glasgow Library collection
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuscule_560
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.412334
|
25869217
|
Basilina
|
Basilina (; died 332/333 She was either the daughter of Caeionius Iulianus Camenius, or more likely of Julius Julianus, She had a sister who became the mother of Procopius. She was a relative of Bishop Eusebius of Nicomedia, her son's tutor.
She became the second wife of Julius Constantius, whom she gave Julian;
References
Citations
Sources
Category:332 deaths
Category:333 deaths
Category:4th-century Christians
Category:4th-century Greek women
Category:4th-century Roman women
Category:4th-century Romans
Category:Constantinian dynasty
Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:Julian (emperor)
Category:Mothers of Byzantine emperors
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilina
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.415978
|
25869230
|
Carmel Pinnacles State Marine Reserve
|
| coords_ref | area_sqmi 1470
| established = 1980
| visitation_num | visitation_year
| governing_body = California Department of Fish and Game
| world_heritage_site | url
}}
Carmel Pinnacles State Marine Reserve (SMR) is a marine protected area in Carmel Bay including a unique underwater pinnacle formation with adjacent kelp forest, submarine canyon head, and surfgrass. Carmel Bay is adjacent to the city of Carmel-by-the-Sea and is near Monterey, on California's central coast.
History
Carmel Pinnacles SMR was established in September 2007 by the California Department of Fish & Game. It was one of 29 marine protected areas adopted during the first phase of the Marine Life Protection Act Initiative. The Marine Life Protection Act Initiative (or MLPAI) is a collaborative public process to create a statewide network of marine protected areas along the California coastline.
This marine protected area covers .53 square miles bounded by the mean high tide line and straight lines connecting the following points in the order listed:
* 36° 33.65’ N. lat. 121° 57.60’ W. long.;
* 36° 33.65’ N. lat. 121° 58.50’ W. long.;
* 36° 33.10’ N. lat. 121° 58.50’ W. long.;
* 36° 33.10’ N. lat. 121° 57.60’ W. long.; and
* 36° 33.65’ N. lat. 121° 57.60’ W. long.
Scientific monitoring
As specified by the Marine Life Protection Act, select marine protected areas along California's central coast are being monitored by scientists to track their effectiveness and learn more about ocean health. Similar studies in marine protected areas located off of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands have already detected gradual improvements in fish size and number. The SMR protects all marine life within its boundaries. Fishing and take of all living marine resources is prohibited.
Local scientific and educational institutions involved in the monitoring include Stanford University's Hopkins Marine Station, University of California Santa Cruz, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. Research methods include hook-and-line sampling, intertidal and scuba diver surveys, and the use of Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) submarines.
References
External links
*[http://www.californiampas.org California's MPAs]
*[http://www.dfg.ca.gov/mlpa/phase1.asp Marine Life Protection Act Initiative]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130324010038/http://www.caloceans.org/ CalOceans]
*[http://www.carmelcalifornia.com/ Carmel-By-The-Sea]
*[http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/ Monterey Bay Aquarium]
Category:Marine sanctuaries in California
Category:Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Category:California Department of Fish and Wildlife areas
Category:California State Reserves
Category:Protected areas of Monterey County, California
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmel_Pinnacles_State_Marine_Reserve
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.418779
|
25869240
|
Muskingum County Courthouse
|
| locmapin = Ohio#USA
| built = 1870
| architect = H.E. Myer; T.B. Townsend
| architecture = Italianate
| added = July 16, 1973
| area =
| refnum 73001515
}}
The Muskingum County Courthouse is a historic building in Zanesville, Ohio. It was designed by T.B. Townsend and H. E. Myer, and built in 1870 with stone, brick, and slate in the Second Empire architecture style. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is located at 4th and Main Streets.
The site served as the capitol of Ohio from October 1, 1810, until May 1, 1812, and the 9th and 10th sessions of the Ohio General Assembly met here at the building that was formerly at the site before those sessions were returned to Chillicothe in May 1812. The former building on the site was then used as the Muskingum County Courthouse until current one was constructed in 1874. The 1809 date stone from the old building was incorporated into the new building and may be seen over the front steps.
Townsend was also involved in the building of the third Tuscarawas County Courthouse designed by architect Thomas Boyd and Wood County Courthouse and Jail.
References
Category:Government buildings completed in 1877
Category:County courthouses in Ohio
Category:Italianate architecture in Ohio
Category:Second Empire architecture in Ohio
Category:Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Ohio
Category:National Register of Historic Places in Muskingum County, Ohio
Category:Buildings and structures in Zanesville, Ohio
Category:Clock towers in Ohio
Category:1877 establishments in Ohio
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskingum_County_Courthouse
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.420871
|
25869277
|
Wöller
|
Wöller, Woeller, or Woller is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Frank E. Woller (1859–1941), Wisconsin politician
Kerstin Wöller (born 1967), German bodybuilding champion
Kirk B. R. Woller (born 1962), American actor in TV shows and movies, including Agent Gene Crane on The X-Files
Klaus Woeller (born 1934), German field hockey player
Klaus Wöller (1956–2024), West German handball player who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics
Steffen Wöller (born 1972), German luger who competed from 1991 to 2004
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wöller
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.422740
|
25869285
|
Gertrude Alderfer
|
| birth_place = Kulpsville, Pennsylvania
| death_date =
| death_place = East Greenville, Pennsylvania
| bats = Right
| throws = Right
| debutyear =
| debutteam = Springfield Sallies
| finalyear =
| finalteam = Kalamazoo Lassies
| stat1label = Games played
| stat1value = 54
| stat2label = At-bats
| stat2value = 212
| stat3label = Hits
| stat3value = 50
| stat4label = Batting average
| stat4value = .236
| teams =
*Springfield Sallies (1949)
*Chicago Colleens (1950)
*Kalamazoo Lassies (1950)
| highlights |hofcolor
|hoflink |hoftype
|hofdate =
}}
Gertrude Alderfer [Gert] (September 21, 1931 – February 27, 2018) was a first basewoman and catcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. She batted and threw right-handed.Early lifeA native of Kulpsville, Pennsylvania, Alderfer was an all-around athlete who did play field hockey, basketball and softball in high school. She also played on a playground baseball team for two years in which she was the only girl among several boys. At age 17, she attended an AAGPBL tryout with about 200 girls in Allentown, Pennsylvania. Only nine of them made it to their destination, including Alderfer. She went to Chicago, Illinois for spring training after the night of her graduation. Most of her time in the AAGPBL was spent on the two touring training teams, the Springfield Sallies and Chicago Colleens, though she did stay with the Kalamazoo Lassies during five weeks in 1950.AAGPBL careerThe Colleens and Sallies played exhibition games and recruited new talent as they toured through the South and East. Highlights of these tours included contests at Griffith Stadium in Washington, D.C., and Yankee Stadium in New York. Alderfer played for them in 1949 (Sallies) and 1950 (Colleens). She was drafted again by the Lassies after moving to Kalamazoo in 1951, but her mother took ill and she decided to stay home and care for her. Alderfer believed the toughest pitcher she faced was Doris Sams and the best player she saw in action was Dottie Schroeder. "Playing baseball and being paid for having fun was great. Also traveling to different cities and meeting a lot of different people. My teammates were the greatest.", she recalled.
Alderfer hit a .236 batting average in 54 games. Following her baseball career, she worked at Ameter, Inc., for over 40 years, retiring in 1993. She married in 1955 and changed her name to Gertrude Alderfer Benner. She and her husband raised their three children and had five grandchildren. The AAGPBL folded in 1954, but there is now a permanent display at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum at Cooperstown, New York since November 5, that honors those who were part of this unique experience. Gertrude, along with the rest of the league's girls, is now enshrined in the Hall. She lived in East Greenville, Pennsylvania and died February 27, 2018.
References
External links
*[https://collection.baseballhall.org/PASTIME/chicago-colleens-and-springfield-sallies-photograph-probably-1949-0 "Chicago Colleens and Springfield Sallies Photograph, probably 1949"] . National Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
*[https://collection.baseballhall.org/PASTIME/letter-earle-mccammon-gertrude-alderfer-1951-february-05 "Letter from Earle McCammon to Gertrude Alderfer, 1951 February 05"]. National Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
*[https://collection.baseballhall.org/PASTIME/ima-g-alderfer-paycheck-stub-1949-july-09 "Ima G. Alderfer Paycheck stub, 1949 July 09"]. National Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2019-04-11.
Category:1931 births
Category:2018 deaths
Category:All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players
Category:Springfield Sallies players
Category:Chicago Colleens players
Category:Kalamazoo Lassies players
Category:People from Towamencin Township, Pennsylvania
Category:Baseball players from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
Category:Baseball first basemen
Category:20th-century American sportswomen
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_Alderfer
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.427098
|
25869286
|
David Banfield
|
David Banfield (born April 30, 1979 in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is an AHL and former NHL referee. Banfield began his NHL refereeing career on March 17, 2008 with the Colorado Avalanche at Minnesota Wild game. A member of the NHL Officials' Association from 2007 until 2012, Banfield refereed 74 games at the NHL level.
He has not officiated NHL matches since the 2011-12 season, but he continues to work AHL matches.
References
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090202053604/http://nhlofficials.com/member_listing.asp?member_id=2504 NHLOA Biography]
Category:1979 births
Category:Canadian ice hockey officials
Category:Living people
Category:National Hockey League officials
Category:Ice hockey people from Halifax, Nova Scotia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Banfield
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.427939
|
25869317
|
Mercosur
|
| rowclass2 = mergedrow
| label2 = Portuguese:
| data2 =
| rowclass3 = mergedrow
| label3 = Guarani:
| data3 =
| rowclass4 = mergedrow
| label4 = Aymara:
| data4 =
| rowclass5 = mergedrow
| label5 = Quechua:
| data5 =
}}
}}
| linking_name = Mercosul
| image_flag = Flag of Mercosur Mercosul.svg
| flag_type = Spanish (left) and Portuguese (right) flag of Mercosur
| flag_width = 250
| motto <br /> | | | | |"Our North is the South"}}
| image_map = MERCOSUR+Candidate countries (orthographic projection).svg
| map_width = 220px
| map_caption = Green: full members. <br /> Red: suspended members. <br /> Blue: associated members.
| admin_center_type = Headquarters
| admin_center =
| largest_settlement_type = city
| largest_settlement = São Paulo
| languages_type = Official languages
| languages ||Aymara ||Quechua}}
| membership =
| demonym | ethnic_groups
| org_type = Intergovernmental organization and customs union
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 = Javier Milei
| legislature = Parlasur
| sovereignty_type = Formation
| established_event1 = Iguaçú Declaration
| established_date1 = 30 November 1985
| established_event2 = Buenos Aires Act
| established_date2 = 6 July 1990
| established_event3 = Treaty of Asunción
| established_date3 = 26 March 1991
| established_event4 =
| established_date4 = 16 December 1994
| area_rank = 2nd<sup>b</sup>
| area_km2 14,869,775
| area_sq_mi | percent_water 1.0
| population_estimate 295,007,000
| population_estimate_rank = 5th<sup>b</sup>
| population_estimate_year = 2024
| population_density_km2 = 23
| population_density_sq_mi = 38.7
| population_density_rank = 204th<sup>b</sup>
| GDP_PPP
| GDP_PPP_rank = 6th<sup>b</sup>
| GDP_PPP_year = 2022
| GDP_PPP_per_capita US$18,987
| HDI_rank = 73th<sup>a</sup>
| currency =
| utc_offset = -2 to UTC-5
| date_format = dd/mm/yyyy (CE)
| official_website =
| footnote_a = Considering Mercosur as a single entity.
| footnote_b | footnote_c
| today =
}}
The Southern Common Market (commonly known by abbreviation Mercosur in Spanish and Mercosul in Portuguese) is a South American trade bloc established by the Treaty of Asunción in 1991 and Protocol of Ouro Preto in 1994. Its full members are Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Venezuela is a full member but has been suspended since 1 December 2016. Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Panama, Peru, and Suriname are associate countries. Bolivia became a full member on 8 July 2024.
Mercosur's origins are linked to the discussions for the constitution of a regional economic market for Latin America, which go back to the treaty that established the Latin American Free Trade Association in 1960, which was succeeded by the Latin American Integration Association in the 1980s. At the time, Argentina and Brazil made progress in the matter, signing the Iguaçu Declaration (1985), which established a bilateral commission, which was followed by a series of trade agreements the following year. The Integration, Cooperation and Development Treaty, signed between both countries in 1988, set the goal of establishing a common market, which other Latin American countries could join. Paraguay and Uruguay joined the process and the four countries became signatories to the Treaty of Asunción (1991), which established the Southern Common Market, a trade alliance aimed at boosting the regional economy, moving goods, people among themselves, workforce and capital. Initially a free trade zone was established, in which the signatory countries would not tax or restrict each other's imports. As of 1 January 1995, this area became a customs union, in which all signatories could charge the same quotas on imports from other countries (common external tariff). The following year, Bolivia and Chile acquired membership status. Other Latin American nations have expressed interest in joining the group.
Mercosur's purpose is to promote free trade within the zone and the fluid movement of goods, people, and currency. Since its foundation, Mercosur's functions have been updated and amended many times; it currently confines itself to a customs union, in which there is free intra-zone trade and a common trade policy between member countries. Beyond trade, Mercosur prioritizes deeper regional integration by enabling the free movement of people across borders, supported through its December 2014 agreement with the International Organization for Migration. In 2023, the Mercosur had generated a nominal annual gross domestic product (GDP) (PPP) of around 5.7 trillion US dollars, placing the bloc as the 5th largest economy in the world. The bloc places high on the human development index. History Background
, a political and economic pact among these three nations in 1915]]
Before the independence of the South American countries, most of their commercial and political ties were mediated by the Spanish Empire, which prohibited significant trade with Brazil. In the 19th century, the process of political emancipation in South America accentuated the various competing interests of the countries of the region. They often found themselves at war, such as the Cisplatine War, the independence of the Republic of Uruguay, the Uruguayan Great War, the Ragamuffin War, the dispute between unitaries and federalists in Argentina and the Paraguayan War.
In 1941, in the middle of the Second World War, Brazil and Argentina for the first time tried to create a Customs Union between their economies. However, this did not happen due to the countries' diplomatic differences in relation to Axis policies, after the attack on Pearl Harbor. With the end of the war, the need for interaction between nations became imminent and, consequently, economic blocs formed. In Latin America, however, there was no union that obtained satisfactory results.
Foz do Iguaçu Declaration
In December 1985, Brazilian President José Sarney and Argentine President Raúl Alfonsín signed the Iguaçu Declaration, the basis for economic integration of the so-called Southern Cone. Both countries had just come out of a dictatorial period and were facing the need to redirect their economies to the outside and globalized world.
Both countries had contracted a large external debt during the period of the military governments and did not enjoy credit abroad. There was a great need for investment in the countries, but no money. This common situation made them both realize the mutual need. Shortly after the signing of the Iguaçu Declaration in February 1986, Argentina declared its intention of a "preferential association" with Brazil. In a private home in Don Torcuato, there was a meeting to discuss the matter. The discussion, lasting two days, took place in an atmosphere of exchanging ideas and stating positions regarding the status of the area's economy.
After a few weeks, Brazil invited Argentina to a similar meeting, in Itaipava, also in a private residence. This signaled acceptance of the Argentine initiative and the formation of an agreement, with the objective of promoting the economic development of both countries and integrating them into the world. Out of this meeting came the Argentina-Brazil Integration and Economics Cooperation Program or PICE (, ). Protocol Number 20 of the program proposed the Gaucho as a currency for regional trade. For many, the idea of integration in South America seemed more like an abstraction, owing to various unsuccessful experiences in the past. However, this was perceived as different.The Buenos Aires ActOn 6 July 1990, the President of Brazil, Fernando Collor, and the President of Argentina, Carlos Menem, signed the Buenos Aires Act aimed at total customs integration between the two countries. It was decided that all measures for the construction of the customs union should be completed by 31 December 1994. To ensure compliance with the deadlines, the Binational Working Group was created, the body whose responsibility was to define methods for creating the common market between the two nations. In September, the governments of Paraguay and Uruguay showed a strong interest in the regional integration process, leading to the full perception by the signatories that a more comprehensive treaty was needed.
Founding
Mercosur was finally established in 1991 by the Treaty of Asunción, based on the Buenos Aires Act, the Treaty of Asunción defined rules and conditions for the creation of a free trade zone among its four signatories. Likewise, it was decided that all measures for the construction of the common market should be completed by 31 December 1994 with the amendment of the Treaty of Ouro Preto. In 2001, celebrating the 10th anniversary of the bloc's creation, the Mercosur flag was hoisted for the first time at Mercosur's headquarters in Montevideo.
The main implications of this free trade zone are:
*The free movement of goods, services and productive factors between countries, through the elimination of customs duties and non-tariff restrictions on the movement of goods and any other measure to the same effect, with the establishment of a common external tariff and the adoption of a common commercial policy towards third countries or economic blocs;
*Products originating in the territory of a signatory country will have, in another signatory country, the same treatment applied to products of national origin;
*The coordination of foreign trade, agricultural, industrial, fiscal, monetary, foreign exchange and capital policies, of others that are agreed, in order to ensure adequate conditions of competition between members, with the commitment of these countries to harmonize their legislation, especially in areas of general importance, to strengthen the integration process;
*In relations with non-signatory countries, members of the bloc will ensure equal conditions of trade. In this way, they will apply their national laws to inhibit imports whose prices are influenced by subsidies, dumping or any other unfair practice. At the same time, the bloc's countries will coordinate their respective national policies in order to develop common rules on trade competition.
It was defined that during the transition period, the signatory countries would adopt a general regime of origin, a system for resolving disputes and safeguard clauses. To ensure order and compliance with deadlines, two institutional bodies were created:
*Common Market Group: a body formed by four full members and four alternate members from each country, from the respective Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Economy and Central Bank. Until the creation of the Arbitral Tribunals, the Common Market Group was the main authority in resolving disputes;
*Common Market Council: the institution with the highest authority in the treaty, created to manage political decisions and ensure compliance with established deadlines.
The Treaty of Asunción also decided that the accession of a new member, in order to be effective, must be approved by legislative decree in all signatory countries. Otherwise, the membership process will be invalid.
The founding of the Mercosur Parliament was agreed upon at the December 2004 presidential summit. Up to 2010 it was planned to have 18 representatives from each country, regardless of population.<!-- -->Venezuela adhesion and suspension of Paraguay
hosting the President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro during the XLVIII Mercosur meeting]]
Venezuela's history in Mercosur began on 16 December 2003, during a Mercosur summit held in Montevideo, when the Mercosur Economic Complementation Agreement with Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela was signed. This agreement established a timetable for the creation of a free trade zone among the signatory states and the full members of Mercosur, with a gradual reduction in tariffs. In this way, these countries were successful in negotiations for the formation of a free trade zone with Mercosur, since an economic complementation agreement, with full compliance with its schedule, is the item required for the rise of a new associate. However, on 8 July 2004, Venezuela was elevated to associate member status, without even completing the schedule agreed with the Common Market Council. The following year, the bloc recognized it as an associated nation in the process of accession, which in practice meant that the state had a voice, but not a vote.
The Caribbean country's Accession Protocol was signed in 2006 by all presidents of countries in the bloc. Subsequently, the Uruguayan and Argentine congresses approved the entry of the new member. The Brazilian congress did so only in December 2009. However, the Paraguayan congress did not approve it and, therefore, made it impossible for the Caribbean nation to fully join. Subsequently, on 29 June 2012, in response to Fernando Lugo's summary dismissal of the presidency, the Mercosur presidents decreed the Paraguayan suspension until the next presidential election, in April 2013. A month later, the bloc presidents acknowledged their adhesion of Venezuela and several trade agreements have been signed. It was suggested that the decision could be reversed with the Paraguayan return by exercising its veto power, which was not the case. The decision was the subject of controversy. For some economists, Venezuela's acceptance as a full member of Mercosur expands the bloc's economic importance and opens up new business and investment opportunities. However, for others, the decision was seen as hasty, imposed by the governments of Brazil and Argentina and motivated purely by political interests.Bolivian membership status
On 7 December 2012, Bolivian President Evo Morales signed a protocol aimed at accession to full membership in the bloc. Such a proposal requires review and legislative approval. On 7 July 2015, the heads of Mercosur having decided to accept Bolivia's request to become a full member country, Bolivian president Evo Morales signed the Brasília protocol. However, full membership required all members states to ratify the procotol, which was completed in December 2023.
Bolivia will be required to adjust its law in accordance with Mercosur rules within four years from full membership.
Suspension of Venezuela
In August 2016, the presidents of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay, while present in Rio de Janeiro for the Olympic Games, met to discuss suspending Venezuela from Mercosur. The three countries were in doubt about whether Venezuela was complying with the union's requirements for full membership, citing human rights violations among other issues. In fact, Venezuela was rejected from assuming the presidency of Mercosur by those three countries, prompting a dispute that continued to the end of the year.
On 21 November 2016, Paraguayan Foreign Minister Eladio Loizaga announced that Venezuela would be suspended in December 2016 after the nation was given a three-month period to reform its laws to abide to Mercosur requirements, with Mercosur noting that "rules governing trade, politics, democracy and human rights" needed to be overhauled in Venezuela. On 1 December 2016, Venezuela was suspended from Mercosur.
On 5 August 2017, the foreign ministers of Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil affirmed that Venezuela's membership in Mercosur is suspended indefinitely in response to the "rupture of the democratic order" in that country following the 30 July 2017 Constituent Assembly elections. The bloc by-laws have no provision for expulsion. However, trade and migration policies stay without changes to avoid aggravating the social crisis. Brazilian Foreign Minister Aloysio Nunes said that Venezuela will remain suspended until the country "re-establishes democracy."
In January 2019, the opposition-majority National Assembly declared incumbent Nicolás Maduro's 2018 reelection invalid, entering a presidential crisis. During a July 2019 summit in Santa Fe, Argentina, the bloc called for "free, fair and transparent presidential elections, as soon as possible" in Venezuela. The presidents of the four member countries signed a statement expressing concern "for the grave crisis that Venezuela is going through, which is seriously affecting the humanitarian situation and human rights."
In 2020, however, Maduro's United Socialist Party of Venezuela and allied parties claimed to have captured 67 percent of seats in the National Assembly, but that election was also disputed by EU and U.S. officials. Nevertheless, since then Maduro has exercised majority control of the Venezuelan parliament, displacing Juan Guaidó from his oppositional presidency, and thus making a rejoining of Venezuela to Mercosur more critical.
Free Trade Agreements with EU and EAEU
would form one of the world's largest free trade areas.]]
In late April 2023, newly elected President of Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva pressed new agreements between Mercosur and the EU to stimulate economic development in South America. Previously, EU officials doubted such an agreement, and did not ratify it due to the destruction of rainforest habitat in the Amazon region. At the same time, talks between Lula and Chinese President Xi Jinping had competed with the expected free trade agreement to the European trade zone. As talks progressed, other factors came into play, such as the recent visit by Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov to the Brazilian nation the same month; the latter is working on the admission of Brazil and Mercosur to the competing Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Meanwhile, Venezuela that has been shut out of its Mercosur membership in 2016 due to accusations of undemocratic behavior, is attempting to approach the agreement again with a decree to reform the common nomenclature and to revamp its quality standards for export.
Mercosur Waterways diplomatic crisis
In July 2023, a crisis broke out between Argentina and Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay and Brazil over the free navigability of the rivers in the Río de la Plata Basin.
Geography
The territory of Mercosur consists of the combined territories of six of the 12 countries of South America and their population. Including the overseas territories of member states, Mercosur experiences most types of climate from Antarctic to tropical, rendering meteorological averages for Mercosur as a whole meaningless. The majority of the population lives in areas with a subtropical climate (Uruguay, Southern Paraguay, Northeastern and Center Argentina and Southern and Southeastern Brazil), or a tropical climate (Venezuela and Northeastern Brazil). The Mercosur member states are home to the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall, Angel Falls in Venezuela; the largest river by volume, the Amazon River in Brazil; the longest mountain range, the Andes (whose highest mountain is Aconcagua at in Argentina); the largest rainforest, the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil; and much more if we take the associated members into account, such as the highest capital city, La Paz, Bolivia; the highest commercially navigable lake in the world, Lake Titicaca in Peru; the driest non-polar place on earth, the Atacama Desert; and, excluding research stations in Antarctica, the world's southernmost permanently inhabited community, Puerto Toro, Chile.
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Monte Aconcagua.jpg|Mount Aconcagua in Argentina
File:Amazonie.jpg|The Amazon rainforest in Brazil
File:Lago Iporá vista.jpg|Lake Iporá in Uruguay
File:ParaguayChacoBorealdryseason.JPG|Gran Chaco in Paraguay
File:SaltoAngel6.jpg|The Salto Ángel falls in Venezuela
</gallery>
One Mercosur full member, Argentina, has a claim to Antarctica called Argentine Antarctica (part of the province of Tierra del Fuego) which partially overlaps with the claim of Mercosur-associated state Chile, namely Chilean Antarctica. Brazil does not formally claim any part of Antarctic territory, but has a "zone of interest" called Brazilian Antarctica which overlaps Argentina's claim.
Member states
thumb|right|upright=2.0|
Mercosur is composed of six sovereign member states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela (suspended since December 2016); seven associated states: Suriname, Guyana, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Chile; plus two observer states: Mexico and New Zealand.
Following the impeachment of President Fernando Lugo by the Paraguayan Senate, Paraguay was suspended from Mercosur. Shortly afterwards, Venezuela was admitted as a full member on 31 July 2012. Venezuela had four years to fully adapt to the trade bloc regulations and failed to do so, with the nation being suspended from Mercosur on 1 December 2016.
! Population<br />()
! Population<br/>density
! HDI (2022)
|-
|
|
| Argentina
| Buenos Aires
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.849
|-
|
|
| Bolivia
| La Paz,<br />Sucre
| style"text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" |
| style"text-align:right;" |
| style="text-align:right;" | 0.698
|-
|
|
| Brazil
| Brasília
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.760
|-
|
|
| Paraguay
| Asunción
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.731
|-
|
|
| Uruguay
| Montevideo
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.830
|-
|
|
| Venezuela<br>(suspended member)
| Caracas
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.699
|- class="sortbottom"
|-
! colspan="4" |Total
!
!281,812,534
!<!--Calculation: 281812534/12963317 August 08, 2024-->
! style="text-align:right;"| 0.774
|}
Associated States
{| class"wikitable sortable" style"float:center; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;"
|-
! class="unsortable" | Arms
! class="unsortable" | Flag
! Country or territory
! Capital
! Area
! Population<br />()
! Population<br/>density
! HDI (2022)
|-
|
|
| Chile
| Santiago
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.860
|-
|
|
| Colombia
| Bogotá
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.758
|-
|
|
| Ecuador
| Quito
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.765
|-
|
|
| Guyana
| Georgetown
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.742
|-
|
|
| Panama
| Panama City
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.820
|-
|
|
| Peru
| Lima
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.762
|-
|
| |
| Suriname
| Paramaribo
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.690
|-
|}
In July 2024, Panama president José Raúl Mulino said his country was formally applying to join Mercosur as an associate member.Observer States{| class"wikitable sortable" style="float:center; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;"
|-
! class="unsortable" | Arms
! class="unsortable" | Flag
! Country or territory
! Capital
! Area
! Population<br />()
! Population<br/>density
! HDI (2022)
|-
|
|
| Mexico
| Mexico City
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.781
|-
|
|
| New Zealand
| Wellington
| style"text-align:right;"|
| style="text-align:right;"|
| style"text-align:right;"| <!--Manual calculation done 21 May 2023: 5,129,727/268,021-->
| style="text-align:right;"| 0.939
|-
|}
Directly subordinated to the Common Market Group, the work subgroups draw up the minutes of the decisions to submit for the consideration of the council, and study specific Mercosur concerns. The work subgroups are:
* Commercial matters
* Customs matters
* Technical standards
* Tax and monetary policies relating to trade
* Land transport
* Sea transport
* Industrial and technology policies
* Agricultural policy
* Energy policy
* Coordination of macroeconomic policies
* Labor, employment and social security matters
Work subgroups are held quarterly, alternating in every member state, in alphabetical order, or at the Common Market Group Administrative Office. Activities are carried out by the Work Subgroups in two stages: preparatory and conclusive. In the preparatory stage, members of the Work Subgroups may request the participation of representatives from the private sector of each member state. The decision-making stage is reserved exclusively for official representatives of the member states. The delegations of representatives from the private sector in the preparatory stage of the Work Subgroup activities will have a maximum of three representatives for each member state directly involved in any of the stages of the production, distribution or consumption process for the products that fall within the scope of the subgroup's activities.,
Demographics
Population
Mercosur has a population of 284 million among its full member states. The region has several areas of sparse demographics such as tropical forests and deserts, but it is also highly urbanized with the presence of two alpha cities – São Paulo and Buenos Aires – and several beta cities such as Montevideo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, etc. The population is diverse, comprising people of European, Africans and Indigenous descent. People of Afro-Latin American descent tend to be concentrated in Brazil and Uruguay, with a smaller, but historic Afro-Argentine community in Argentina and an emerging population in Chile, the latter largely of Haitian origin. There is a high percentage of mestizos that vary greatly in composition by place. There is also a smaller population of Asians, notably in Brazil. The white population forms a majority in Argentina and Uruguay and represents about 45 percent in Brazil. Mestizos form the majority population in Paraguay, making it distinct from its immediate neighbors. Almost all Mercosur nations have significant indigenous American populations, especially in Paraguay (Guaraní is a national language in the country along with Spanish, and almost all Paraguayans have Guaraní genetic ancestry), Argentina (especially in the Northwest and Southwest of the country), Brazil (in the Northern and Northwest Amazonian states of the nation, where Native American tribes have vast reservation lands).UrbanizationLanguages{|class"wikitable sortable" style="border:1px black; line-height:1em; float:right; font-size:90%; margin-right:1em"
|-
! style="width:40px;"|Language
! style="width:40px;"|Native speakers
! style="width:40px;"|Official in countries
|-
|Portuguese
|71%
|1
|-
|Spanish
|26%
|4
|-
|Guarani
|3%
|1
|}
According to an article in the New York Times, Portuguese, Spanish and Guarani are the three official languages of the Mercosur, as they are the official languages of the five full members – Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, Spanish is the official language of all other full member countries, and Guarani is the co-official language of Paraguay and Argentina's province of Corrientes. Guarani is the most commonly spoken language in Paraguay. However, the official languages of its constituent states are not necessarily the official languages of the Mercosur organisation itself, which only recognizes Portuguese and Spanish. That Guarani is an official language there has been described as a common fallacy. Mercosur does not provide all, or even most, services in Guaraní. The official website is in Spanish, Portuguese and English, and almost all official summits are only held in Spanish and Portuguese. Important documents, such as legislation, are translated into Portuguese and Spanish.
Currently, among the full members, Portuguese is the most spoken language, with over 214 million native speakers as of 2021, while Spanish accounts for 83 million speakers approximately. Even though language policy is the responsibility of member states, Mercosur institutions promote multilingualism among its citizens, and while Brazil has enforced Spanish as a foreign language to be taught at school, Argentina and Venezuela have done so with Portuguese.
Merchandise trade
Intra-Mercosur merchandise trade (excluding Venezuela) grew from US$10 billion at the inception of the trade bloc in 1991, to US$88 billion in 2010; Brazil and Argentina each accounted for 43% of this total. Trade within Mercosur amounted to only 16% of the four countries' total merchandise trade in 2010, however; trade with the European Union (20%), China (14%), and the United States (11%) was of comparable importance. (USD millions)
! GDP (nominal) per capita
! Merchandise imports<br />($ billions), 2011
! Imports from Mercosur<br />(% of each, 2010)
Structure
]]
The Asunción Treaty and Ouro Preto Protocol established the basis for the institutional Mercosur structure, creating the Common Market Council and the Common Market Group, both of which function at the outset of the transition phase. As provided for in this Treaty, before establishing the common market the member nations must call a special meeting to determine the definitive institutional structure for the public agencies managing Mercosur, as well as define the specific functions of each agency and the decision-making process.
Common Market Council
The council is the highest-level agency of Mercosur with the authority to conduct its policy, and responsibility for compliance with the objects and time frames set forth in the Asuncion Treaty. The council is composed of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs and the Economy (or the equivalent) of all five countries. Member states preside over the Council in rotating alphabetical order, for six-month periods. Meetings: Council members shall meet whenever necessary, but at least once a year. The presidents of the member nations shall partake of the annual Common Market Council meeting whenever possible. Decision Making: Council decisions shall be made by consensus, with representation of all member states.
Common Market Group
, 2006]]
The Group is the executive body of Mercosur, and is coordinated by the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the member states. Its basic duties are to cause compliance with the Asuncion Treaty and to take resolutions required for implementation of the decisions made by the council. Furthermore, it can initiate practical measures for trade opening, coordination of macroeconomic policies, and negotiation of agreements with nonmember states and international agencies, participating when need be in resolution of controversies under Mercosur. It has the authority to organize, coordinate and supervise Work Subgroups and to call special meetings to deal with issues of interest. Composition: The Common Market Group shall be made up of four permanent members and four alternates from each member state, representing the following public agencies: (i) the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; (ii) the Ministry of Economy, or the equivalent (from industry, foreign affairs and/or economic coordination); and (iii) the Central Bank. The members of the Common Market Group appointed by a given member state will constitute the National Section of the Common Market Group for that particular nation. Meetings: The Common Market Group will meet ordinarily at least once every quarter in the member states, in rotating alphabetical order. Special meetings may be freely called at any time, at any previously scheduled place. The meetings will be coordinated by the Head of the Delegation of the host member state. Decision Making: Common Market Group decisions shall be made by consensus, with the representation of all member states. The official Mercosur languages will be Portuguese and Spanish, and the official version of all work papers will be prepared in the language of the country hosting the meeting.
Administrative and socioeconomic
The Administrative Office will keep documents and issue the Mercosur official bulletin in both Portuguese and Spanish, and will also be charged with communicating the activities of the Common Market Group so as to allow for the maximum disclosure of decisions and the relevant documentation. The Socioeconomic Advisory Forum is consultative by nature, and represents the various socioeconomic sectors of the member nations.
Work subgroups
Directly subordinated to the Common Market Group, the Work Subgroups draw up the minutes of the decisions to submit for the consideration of the council, and conduct studies on specific Mercosur concerns. The work subgroups are the following: commercial matters; customs matters; technical standards; tax and monetary policies relating to trade; land transport; sea transport; industrial and technology policies; agricultural policy; energy policy; coordination of macroeconomic policies; and labor, employment and social security matters. The meetings of the Work subgroups will be held quarterly, alternating in every member state, in alphabetical order, or at the Common Market Group Administrative Office. Activities will be carried out by the Work Subgroups in two stages: preparatory and conclusive. In the preparatory stage, the members of the Work Subgroups may request the participation of representatives from the private sector of each member state. The decision-making stage is reserved exclusively for official representatives of the member states. The delegations of representatives from the private sector in the preparatory stage of the Work Subgroup activities will have a maximum of three representatives for each member state directly involved in any of the stages of the production, distribution or consumption process for the products that fall within the scope of the subgroup's activities.
Joint Parliamentary Committee
, Argentina]]
The Committee will have both an advisory and decision-making nature; with powers to submit proposals as well. It will be competent, inter alia, to: follow up on the integration process and keep the respective Congresses informed; Take the necessary steps for the future instatement of a Mercosur Parliament; Organize subcommittees to examine matters relating to the integration process; Submit its recommendations to the Common Market Council and Group as to how the integration process should be conducted and Southern Common Market formed; Make the adjustments necessary to harmonize the laws of the different member states and submit them to the respective Congresses; Establish relationships with private entities in each of the member states, as well as international agencies and bureaus so as to obtain information and specialized assistance with matters of interest; Establish relationships targeting cooperation with Congresses of the nonmember nations and entities involved in regional integration schemes; Subscribe to cooperation and technical assistance accords with public and/or private entities whether domestic, supranational or international. The committee will be composed of a maximum of 64 acting parliamentary members, 16 per member state, and an equal number of alternates, appointed by the Congress to which they pertain, and with a term of office of at least two years. The meetings shall be conducted by a directors' board consisting of four presidents (one for each member state). The committee will ordinarily meet twice a year, and extraordinarily whenever summoned by any of its five presidents. Meetings are held in the territory of each member state on a successive and alternating basis. Decision Making: Meetings of the Joint Parliamentary Committee will only be valid when attended by parliamentary delegations from all member states. Decisions by the Joint Parliamentary Committee will be made by consensus vote of the majority of the members accredited by the respective Congresses of each member state. Portuguese and Spanish are the official languages of the Joint Parliamentary Committee.
Trade Commission
, the largest of Latin America]]
The Trade Commission will assist the Mercosur executive body, always striving to apply the instruments of common trade policy agreed to by the member states for operation of the customs unification. The commission should also follow up on the development of issues and matters related to common trade policies, the intra-Mercosur trade and trade with other countries. The commission will have five actual members and four alternates, with each member nation's indicating a member. The Trade Commission shall exert every effort to apply common trade policy instruments such as: trade agreements with other countries or international entities; administrative/commercial product lists; final adaptation system for Mercosur customs unification; origin system; free-trade zone system, special customs areas and export processing zones; system to discourage unfair trade practices; elimination and harmonization of tariff restrictions; nonmember country safeguard systems; customs coordination and harmonization; consumer protection systems; and export incentive harmonization.
Furthermore, the trade commission should speak out regarding the issues raised by the member states regarding application and compliance with common offshore tariffs and other common trade policy instruments. The commission shall meet at least once a month, as well as whenever asked to by the Mercosur executive agency or by a member state. The commission can take decisions entailing administration and application of trade policies adopted under Southern Common Market, and whenever necessary submit proposals to the executive body regarding regulation of the areas under its authority; additionally, it can propose new guidelines or modify those in existence in Mercosur trade and customs matters. In this respect, the trade commission can propose a change in the import duty on specific items under common external tariffs, including cases referring to development of new Mercosur production activities. To better achieve its objectives, the trade commission can create technical committees targeting direction and supervision of the work it engages in. It can also adopt internal operating regulations. Proposals and decisions of the trade commission will be taken by a consensus of the representatives indicated by each member nation. Any disputes ensuing from the application, interpretation or compliance with the acts issued by the trade commission are referred to the Mercosur executive body, and should be resolved using the directives set forth in the Dispute Resolution System adopted under Southern Common Market.
International jurisdiction over contractual matters
, Paraguay]]
The rules on litigation jurisdiction over contractual matters will apply to disputes arising from civil or commercial international contracts between private-law legal entities or individuals provided that: They are domiciled or headquartered in different member states: At least one of the parties to the contract is domiciled or headquartered in any member state and, additionally, has made a choice of jurisdiction in favor of a court in one of the member states. In this case, there must be a reasonable connection between the jurisdiction chosen and the controversy. The scope of the application of the international jurisdiction guidelines over contractual matters excludes the following: legal relationships between bankrupt entities/individuals and their creditors and any other analogous proceedings (especially concordatas composition with creditors); matters under agreements involving family and succession law; social security contracts; administrative contracts; employment contracts; consumer sales contracts; transport contracts; insurance policies; and rights in rem.
Choice of jurisdiction
Courts in member nations to whose jurisdiction the contracted parties have agreed to submit the matter in writing will have jurisdiction to settle controversies stemming from civil or commercial international contracts.
Agreement of choice
, scheduled to launch in 2023, is a Brazilian/Argentine earth observation satellite.]]
The jurisdiction can be agreed on at the time the contract is signed, during the life of the contract, or even when the dispute actually arises. The validity and effects of the choice of venue will be governed by the law of the member nations that normally have jurisdiction to hear the case, always resorting to the law most favorable to the validity of the contract. Whether or not jurisdiction is chosen, such jurisdiction will be prorogated in favor of the courts of the member state where the proceedings are in fact filed, provided the respondent voluntarily allows this in an affirmative and unfeigned way.
Subsidiary jurisdiction
Should the contracted parties not agree on courts competent to settle disputes, the member state chosen by the plaintiff of the case has jurisdiction—the court of the place where the contract is to be performed, the court of the domicile of the respondent, or the court of the domicile, or headquarters of the claimant when the latter can show that it has done its part. For purposes of item (i) above the place of performance of the contract is the member state where the obligations on which the claim is based have been or should be performed, taking into consideration the following: For contracts involving certain specific items, the place where they existed at the time of contract signing; For contracts involving specific items according to their type, the place of domicile of the debtor at the time of contract signing; For contracts involving fungible items, the place of domicile of the debtor at the time of conclusion of the contract; and For service rendering contracts:
* If in regard to items, this the place where they were at the time of contract signing.
* If effectiveness is related to any special place, this is the place where they were to produce effects.
* In all other cases, this is the place of domicile of the debtor at the time of contract signing. For purposes of application of second item above for determination of the domicile of the respondent in a contractual dispute involving individuals, the following will be taken into consideration: The habitual residence: On a subsidiary basis, the central place of business; and In the absence of any such considerations, the place where found, meaning the actual residence. When dealing with a legal entity, the determination of the domicile will be based on where the administrative headquarters have been set up. The claim plaintiff can, as an alternative, file in any of the places where the legal entity has branches, establishments, agencies or any other type of representation. Legal entities headquartered in any member state that have concluded contracts with any other member state can be sued in the courts of the latter state should there be any dispute as to the construction and implementation of the obligations regulated by contract. In the event there is a codefendant, a suit on contractual matters can be adjudicated with the courts of jurisdiction in the territory of the domicile of any of the parties to the litigation. Additionally, any claims entailing personal collateral rights or intervention of nonmember states in contractual obligations can be filed with the court hearing the main proceeding.
Counterclaims
In the event of there being a counterclaim based on any act or fact that served as the basis for the main proceeding, the courts hearing the main proceeding will be competent to hear any counterclaims that may arise.
Educational integration
, in São Paulo, Brazil, is one of the most highly esteemed university institutions in the region of Mercosur.]]
Based on the premise that education is a fundamental factor in the regional integration process, educational courses at the primary or junior high level, provided that they do not entail technical studies, will be recognized by member states as being on the same level for all member nations. Likewise, to facilitate continuing education, course certificates issued by an institution accredited in one of the member states is valid in all other member states. Nontechnical primary and junior high level studies that have not been completed are accredited by any member state, thereby allowing course conclusion in another member nation. Studies are completed using an equivalency table to determine the level achieved.
Regional technical commission
A regional technical commission harmonizes mechanisms for accreditation across member nations, and resolves any situation not be covered by the equivalency table. This commission includes delegations from the ministries of education of each member nation, and meets whenever at least two member states think it necessary. Meeting sites are established on a rotating basis. Any disputes among member states as a result of application, construction, or noncompliance regarding provisions related to education are initially resolved by direct diplomatic negotiations. Should the countries not reach an accord or only partially resolve the dispute, they resort to procedures set out in the dispute resolution system. Should the member nations enter into a bilateral convention or accord with provisions more favorable to their students, the member states in question can apply whichever provisions they consider most advantageous.
Free trade zones
in Argentina has a free-trade zone.]]
, Brazil, has a free-trade zone.]]
The member nations can have commercial free-trade zones, industrial free-trade zones, export processing zones, and special customs areas, all of which target providing merchandise marketed or produced in these areas with treatment different from that afforded in their respective customs territories. Uruguay's Vice-president Danilo Astori said the issue of a free trade agreement with the United States must be dealt and that "opportunities must be built". He also said that "each Mercosur country should have a multiplicity of memberships. Mercosur must have joint international policies, an agreement on moderate protection from third parties and above all must have agreements with other trade blocks".
Tariffs
The member states can assess merchandise from these areas with the common external tariff used for Mercosur merchandise, or, in the case of certain special products, the domestic tariff prevailing in each individual state. In this way, the products from the free-trade zones can have the more favorable tax treatment established under Southern Common Market, given to the merchandise produced in the normal customs zones of each member state or, in the case of certain special products, can have the normal customs treatment prevailing in each nation. Products coming from outside of Mercosur are highly taxed so that local companies do not feel the need to compete with large international companies.
Safeguards
Products produced or marketed in the free-trade zones of each member nation will be eligible for the safeguard system whenever this entails an increase not provided for in imports, but capable of causing damages or threatened damages to the importer country.
Incentives
In the event of the producing nation's granting special incentives for production from the free-trade zones that are not compatible with the corresponding guidelines established under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the member nation can make any adjustments needed to return the situation to equilibrium.
Creation
The member nations agreed that any free-trade zones that in August 1994 were already in operation could operate normally under Mercosur, along with any that are set up in light of legal guidelines prevailing or in course in congress during this same time period. This means that a member nation can no longer create new free-trade zones that are more privileged.
Mercosur is an effective agreement for its members.
Manaus and Tierra del Fuego FTZs
The actual implementation of Mercosur will not affect the special Manaus, Brazil, and Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, free-trade zones organized in light of their special geographic situations. These two free-trade zones may continue normal operations until 2013.
Reciprocal promotion and protection
, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Sérgio Cabral during the leadership of Mercosur/Mercosul]]
The nations subscribing to the Asunción Treaty consider that the creation and maintenance of conditions favorable to individual or corporate investment for the jurisdiction of one of the member states in the territory of another state is essential to intensify the economic cooperation targeted so as to accelerate the integration process among all four member states. In this context, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil signed on 1 January 1994 in the city of Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay, the Colonia Protocol for the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Mercosur Investments (Colonia Protocol). It was established in this protocol that investments under Mercosur by investors resident or domiciled in the territory of any member state will be entitled to treatment no less favorable than that accorded by the other member state to national investors or nonmember states.
Investors
For the purposes of constructing the Colonia Protocol, investors are considered to be: Individuals who are citizens of any of the member nations or that reside there on a permanent basis or are domiciled there, with due regard for legislation prevailing in such territory; Legal entities organized pursuant to the legislation of one of the member nations that are headquartered there; and Legal entities organized in the territory where the investment is made, actually and directly or indirectly controlled by the legal entities or individuals mentioned above.
Investment
The term investment includes all types of assets such as: movable or immovable property, such as rights in rem and guarantee in rem rights; shares, corporate holdings and any other type of corporate participation; credit instruments and rights that may have an economic value; intellectual property rights or materials, Including copyrights and industrial property rights such as patents, industrial drawings, trademarks, commercial names, technical procedures, know-how and goodwill; Economic concessions involving public law, such as research, cultivation, extraction or natural resource exploration concessions.
Freedom to invest
The nation receiving the investment cannot avail itself of unjustified or discriminatory means capable of restricting the investor's freedom to manage, maintain, use, enjoy and dispose of its investments.
Tax
The member states are not however obligated to extend to investors in the other nations signatory to the Colonia Protocol the benefits of any treatment, preference or privilege resulting from international accords relating fully or partially to tax matters.
Exceptions
In addition, the member nations can temporarily establish a list of exceptions where the new treatment will not yet prevail.
]]
In this way, the various member nations decided to except the following economic sectors:
*Argentina: ownership of real estate on the frontier strip, air transportation, naval industry, nuclear power plants, uranium mining, insurance and fishery;
*Brazil: mineral prospecting and mining; use of hydraulic energy; health care; television and radio broadcasting and telecommunications in general, acquisition or leasing of rural properties; participation in the financial intermediation, insurance, social security and capitalization systems; chartering and cabotage as well as inland navigation;
*Paraguay: ownership of real property on the frontier strip; communications, including radio and television broadcasting; air, sea and land transportation; electricity, water and telephone services; prospecting for hydrocarbons and strategic minerals; import and refining of petroleum derivatives and postal services;
*Uruguay: electricity; hydrocarbons; basic petrochemicals, atomic energy; prospecting for strategic minerals; financial intermediation; railways, telecommunications; radio broadcasting; press and audiovisual means.
Expropriation and compensation
The member nations undertook to do nothing to nationalize or expropriate investments in their territories that pertain to investors from the signatory countries, unless such measures are taken based on public need. In such case, nothing discriminatory can be done, but everything must be implemented by due legal process. Compensation for the investment holder that is expropriated or nationalized should be both adequate and effective, and made in advance, based on the real investment value determined at the time the decision is publicly announced by the proper authorities. This payment will be updated until actual payment, and the affected investor will receive interest.
Transfers
The original member state investors will be ensured free transfer of their investments and any earnings thereon. These transfers can be made in freely convertible currency, using the exchange rate prevailing on the market pursuant to the procedures established by the member state receiving the investment. Member nations cannot adopt any exchange measures restricting free transfer of the funds invested or from activities exercised in their respective territories.
Role and potential
, 28 December 2015]]
Some South Americans see Mercosur as giving the capability to combine resources to balance the activities of other global economic powers, especially the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the European Union. The organization could also potentially pre-empt the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA); however, over half of the current Mercosur member countries rejected the FTAA proposal at the IV Cumbre de las Américas (IV Summit of the Americas) in Argentina in 2005.
The development of Mercosur was arguably weakened by the collapse of the Argentine economy in 2001 and it has still seen internal conflicts over trade policy, between Brazil and Argentina, Argentina and Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil, etc. In addition, many obstacles must be addressed before the development of a common currency in Mercosur.
In 2004, Mercosur signed a cooperation agreement with the Andean Community of Nations trade bloc (CAN) and they published a joint letter of intent for future negotiations towards integrating all of South America. The prospect of increased political integration within the organization, as per the European Union and advocated by some, is still uncertain. Bolivia, a member of both Mercosur and CAN, plays a crucial part in relations, says Marion Hörmann, since Bolivia is traditionally seen as a mediator between the Andean countries and the rest of South America.
The bloc comprises a population of more than 270 million people, and the combined gross domestic product of the full-member nations is in excess of US$3.0 trillion a year (Purchasing power parity, PPP) according to International Monetary Fund (IMF) numbers, making Mercosur the fifth-largest economy in the World. It is the fourth-largest trading bloc after the European Union. The problem of economic asymmetries among the partners has been addressed by many analysts reaching dissimilar conclusions. However, there is agreement that this situation is a determining factor in characterizing the evolution of MERCOSUR.
The working of Mercosur has not met with universal approval within interested countries. Chile has to a certain extent preferred to pursue bilateral agreements with trading partners, and there have been calls from Uruguayan politicians to follow this example. FTA with third parties
, in use since January 2016]]
With the 2005 cooperation agreement with Mercosur, the Andean Community gained four new associate members: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. These four Mercosur members were granted associate membership by the Andean Council of Foreign Ministers meeting in an enlarged session with the commission (of the Andean Community) on 7 July 2005. This move reciprocates the actions of Mercosur, which granted associate membership to all the Andean Community nations by virtue of the Economic Complementarity Agreements (Free Trade Agreements) signed between the CAN and individual Mercosur members.
Mercosur signed free trade agreements with Israel in December 2007, with Egypt in August 2010, the State of Palestine in December 2011 and Lebanon on 18 December 2014.
In 2016, Brazilian presidents, Dilma Rousseff and later Michel Temer, along with Argentine President Macri began to place pressure to negotiate a free trade agreement between Mercosur and the European Union and other Latin American nations. In June 2019, a deal for a European Union–Mercosur Free Trade Agreement was reached in principle, with final text to be negotiated. Negotiations concluded in December 2024, and the agreement proceeded towards ratification. If ratified, the agreement would eliminate over 90% of tariffs in both directions.
In November 2023, Mercosur and Singapore concluded a free trade agreement. A free trade agreement with EFTA is underway as of 2023.
See also
* Citizenship of the Mercosur
* Andean Community
* Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas
* Central American Common Market
* Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
* Free Trade Area of the Americas
* Gaucho (currency)
* Pacific Alliance
* Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
* Road Network of the MERCOSUR
* List of country groupings
* List of multilateral free-trade agreements
* Rules of Origin
* Free-trade area
* Market access
* Copa Mercosur
Notes
References
Further reading
* Arieti, Samuel A. The Role of MERCOSUR as a Vehicle for Latin American Integration, Chicago Journal of International Law, vol. 6 (2005/2006), pp. 761–773.
* Gómez-Mera, Laura. "Lessons from Latin America: MERCOSUR." in Region-Building in Africa (Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2016). 297–312.
* Luca Gardini, Gian. "Who Invented Mercosur?." Diplomacy and Statecraft 18.4 (2007): 805–830.
* Malamud, Andrés. "Presidentialism and Mercosur: a hidden cause for a successful experience." in Comparative Regional Integration (Routledge, 2018). 73–94. [https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/326817/mod_resource/content/1/Presidentialism%20and%20Mercosur_Malamud.pdf online]
* Rivera, Salvador. Latin American Unification: A History of Political and Economic Integration Efforts. (McFarland Press, 2014).
* Rivera, Salvador. "Jacob K. Javits and Latin American Economic Integration." Cuaderno de Negocios Internacionales e Integración. 13 no. 64/65 July–December 2007.
External links
*
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715144828/http://www.radiomercosur.com/esp/ Radio Mercosur – website and radio online]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercosur
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2025-04-06T15:55:04.497949
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Genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
|
, from 25,000 years ago to present|alt=Schematic illustration of maternal geneflow in and out of Beringia.Colours of the arrows correspond to approximate timing of the events and are decoded in the coloured time-bar. The initial peopling of Berinigia (depicted in light yellow) was followed by a standstill after which the ancestors of indigenous Americans spread swiftly all over the New World while some of the Beringian maternal lineages–C1a-spread westwards. More recent (shown in green) genetic exchange is manifested by back-migration of A2a into Siberia and the spread of D2a into north-eastern America that post-dated the initial peopling of the New World.]]
The genetic history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas is divided into two distinct periods: the initial peopling of the Americas from about 20,000 to 14,000 years ago (20–14 kya), and European contact, after about 500 years ago. The first period of the genetic history of Indigenous Americans is the determinant factor for the number of genetic lineages, zygosity mutations, and founding haplotypes present in today's Indigenous American populations.
Indigenous American populations descend from and share ancestry with an Ancient East Asian lineage which diverged from other East Asian peoples prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (26–18 kya). They also received geneflow from Ancient North Eurasians, a distinct Paleolithic Siberian population with deep affinities to both "European hunter-gatherers" (e.g. Kostenki-14) and "Basal East Asians" (e.g. Tianyuan man). They later dispersed throughout the Americas after about 16,000 years ago (exceptions being the Na-Dene and Eskimo–Aleut speaking groups, which are derived partially from Siberian populations which entered the Americas at a later time).
Analyses of genetics among Indigenous American and Siberian populations have been used to argue for early isolation of founding populations on Beringia and for later, more rapid migration from Siberia through Beringia into the New World. The microsatellite diversity and distributions of the Y lineage specific to South America indicates that certain Indigenous American populations have been isolated since the initial peopling of the region. The Na-Dene, Inuit and Native Alaskan populations exhibit Haplogroup Q-M242; however, they are distinct from other Indigenous Americans with various mtDNA and atDNA mutations. This suggests that the peoples who first settled in the northern extremes of North America and Greenland derived from later migrant populations than those who penetrated farther south in the Americas. Linguists and biologists have reached a similar conclusion based on analysis of Indigenous American language groups and ABO blood group system distributions.Autosomal DNA
Genetic diversity and population structure in the American landmass is also measured using autosomal (atDNA) micro-satellite markers genotyped; sampled from North, Central, and South America and analyzed against similar data available from other Indigenous populations worldwide. Observed is a decreasing genetic diversity as geographic distance from the Bering Strait occurs, as well as a decreasing genetic similarity to Siberian populations from Alaska (the genetic entry point). Also observed is evidence of a greater level of diversity and lesser level of population structure in western South America compared to eastern South America.
According to an autosomal genetic study from 2012, Indigenous Americans descend from at least three main migrant waves from Northern Asia. Most of it is traced back to a single ancestral population, called 'First Americans'. However, those who speak Inuit languages from the Arctic inherited almost half of their ancestry from a second East Asian migrant wave, and those who speak Na-Dene inherited a tenth of their ancestry from a third migrant wave. The initial settling of the Americas was followed by a rapid expansion southwards along the west coast, with little gene flow later, especially in South America. One exception to this are the Chibcha speakers of Colombia, whose ancestry comes from both North and South America. The DNA was taken from a skeleton referred to as Anzick-1, found in close association with several Clovis artifacts. Comparisons showed strong affinities with DNA from Siberian sites, and virtually ruled out that particular individual had any close affinity with European sources (the "Solutrean hypothesis"). The DNA also showed strong affinities with all existing Indigenous American populations, which indicated that all of them derive from an ancient population that lived in or near Siberia.
Linguistic studies have reinforced genetic studies, with relationships between languages found among those spoken in Siberia and those spoken in the Americas.
Two 2015 autosomal DNA genetic studies confirmed the Siberian origins of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. However, an ancient signal of shared ancestry with Australasians (Indigenous peoples of Australia, Melanesia, and the Andaman Islands) was detected among the Indigenous peoples of the Amazon region. This signal, also doubt as 'population Y' has been more recently linked to a deep East Asian population, which can be associated with the Tianyuan man, and which is ancestral to modern East Asians. The deep Tianyuan and East Asian lineages form a sister branch to Andamanese and Australasian populations, with all of them being branches of Ancient East Eurasians. The main migration coming out of Siberia into the Americas would have happened 23,000 years ago.
A 2018 study analysed ancient Indigenous samples. The genetic evidence suggests that all Indigenous Americans ultimately descended from a founding population that diverged from East Asians and subsequently admixed with Ancient North Eurasians. The authors also provided evidence that the basal northern and southern Indigenous American branches, to which all other Indigenous peoples belong, diverged around 16,000 years ago.
A review article published in the Nature journal in 2021, which summarized the results of previous genomic studies, similarly concluded that all Indigenous Americans descended from the movement of people from Northeast Asia into the Americas. These Ancestral Americans, once south of the continental ice sheets, spread and expanded rapidly, and branched into multiple groups, which later gave rise to the major subgroups of Indigenous American populations. The study also dismissed the existence, inferred from craniometric data, of a hypothetical distinct non-Indigenous American population (suggested to have been related to Indigenous Australians and Papuans), sometimes called "Paleoamerican".
Genetic studies also determined Amerindian-like geneflow from the Americas back into Siberia, contributing some ancestry to local Siberian populations.
Overall, the 'Ancestral Native Americans' descended from the admixture of an Ancient East Asian lineage contributing about 65% ancestry, and a Paleolithic Siberian population known as Ancient North Eurasians, contributing about 35% ancestry. Ancestral Native Americans are most closely related to 'Ancient Paleo-Siberians' and 'Ancient Beringians'.Y-chromosome DNA
A "Central Siberian" origin has been postulated for the paternal lineage of the source populations of the original migration into the Americas.
Membership in haplogroups Q and C3b implies Indigenous American patrilineal descent.
The micro-satellite diversity and distribution of a Y lineage specific to South America suggest that certain Indigenous American populations became isolated after the initial colonization of their regions. This suggests that the earliest migrants into the northern extremes of North America and Greenland derived from later migrant populations.Haplogroup Q
Q-M242 (mutational name) is the defining (SNP) of Haplogroup Q (Y-DNA) (phylogenetic name). In Eurasia, haplogroup Q is found among the ancient Afontova Gora specimens, and Indigenous Siberian populations, such as the modern Chukchi and Koryak peoples, as well as some Southeast Asians, such as the Dayak people. In particular, two groups exhibit large concentrations of the Q-M242 mutation, the Ket (93.8%) and the Selkup (66.4%) peoples. Their population size is very small; there are fewer than 1,500 Ket in Russia.<sup>2002</sup>
Starting the Paleo-Indigenous American period, a migration to the Americas across the Bering Strait (Beringia) by a small population carrying the Q-M242 mutation occurred. A member of this initial population underwent a mutation, which defines its descendant population, known by the Q-M3 (SNP) mutation. These descendants migrated all over the Americas. The Q-M3 mutation is roughly 15,000 years old as that is when the initial migration of Paleo-Indigenous Americans into the Americas occurred. Q-M3 is the predominant haplotype in the Americas, at a rate of 83% in South American populations, With minimal back-migration of Q-M3 in Eurasia, the mutation likely evolved in east-Beringia, or more specifically the Seward Peninsula or western Alaskan interior. The Beringia land mass began submerging, cutting off land routes. Other American subclades include Q-L54, Q-Z780, Q-MEH2, Q-SA01, and Q-M346 lineages. In Canada, two other lineages have been found. These are Q-P89.1 and Q-NWT01.
Haplogroup R1b1a1a2 (M269)
R1b1a1a2 (M269) is the second most common Y-DNA haplogroup found among Indigenous Americans after Y-DNA haplogroup Q.
Thus, according to several authors, R1b was most likely introduced through admixture during the post-1492 European settlement of North America.
R1b1a1a2 (M269) is found predominantly in North American groups like the Ojibwe (50-79%), Seminole (50%), Sioux (50%), Cherokee (47%), Dogrib (40%) and Tohono O'odham (Papago) (38%). Its highest frequency is found in northeastern North America, and declines in frequency from east to west. In southwestern Native American tribes the frequency of this haplogroup is as low as 4%.Haplogroup C-P39
Haplogroup C-M217 is found mainly in Indigenous Siberians, Mongolians, and Kazakhs. Haplogroup C-M217 is the most widespread and frequently occurring branch of the greater (Y-DNA) haplogroup C-M130. Haplogroup C-M217 descendant C-P39 is most commonly found in today's Na-Dene speakers, with the greatest frequency found among the Athabaskans at 42%, and at lesser frequencies in some other Indigenous American groups.
Some researchers feel that this may indicate that the Na-Dene migration occurred from the Russian Far East after the initial Paleo-Indigenous American colonization, but prior to modern Inuit, Inupiat and Yupik expansions.
In addition to in Na-Dene peoples, haplogroup C-P39 (C2b1a1a) is also found among other Indigenous Americans such as Algonquian- and Siouan-speaking populations. C-M217 is found among the Wayuu people of Colombia and Venezuela.
|| Algic
|| Northeast North America
|| 155
|| 7.7
|| 33.5
|| 38.1
|| 20.6
|| Bolnick 2006
|-
! Apache
|| Na-Dene
|| SW United States
|| 96
|| 14.6
|| 78.1
|| 5.2
|| 2.1
|| Zegura 2004
|| Na-Dene
|| Western North America
|| 243
|| 11.5
|| 70.4
|| 18.1
||
|| Malhi 2008
|-
! Cherokee
|| Iroquoian
|| SE United States
|| 62
|| 1.6
|| 50.0
|| 37.1
|| 11.3
|| Bolnick 2006
|| Macro-Chibchan
|| Panama
|| 26
||
|| 100
||
||
|| Zegura 2004
||
|| 62.5
|| Bortoloni 2003
|| 50.5
|| 29.9
|| Bolnick 2006
| 8.1
| 10.8
| Dulik 2012
|-
!
Gê
|| Macro-Jê
|| Brazil
|| 51
||
|| 92
|| 8
||
|| Bortoloni 2003
|| 9
|| 5
|| Bortoloni 2003
|| 11
|| 11
|| Bortoloni 2003
| 33.9
| 8.9
| Dulik 2012
|| Muskogean
|| SE United States
|| 36
|| 2.8
|| 75
|| 11.1
|| 11.1
|| Bolnick 2006
|-
! Navajo
|| Na-Dene
|| SW United States
|| 78
|| 1.3
|| 92.3
|| 2.6
|| 3.8
|| Zegura 2004
|| 4
|| 4
|| Bortoloni 2003
||
||
|| Bortoloni 2003
| 82
|
|
| Dulik 2012
|| Tupian
|| Brazil
|| 54
||
|| 100
||
||
|| Bortoloni 2003
|| Uto-Aztecan
|| Mexico, Arizona
|| 167
||
|| 93.4
|| 6.0
||
|| Malhi 2008
||
||
|| Bortoloni 2003
|| 21
|| 10
|| Bortoloni 2003
||
||
|| Bortoloni 2003
||
||
|| Bortoloni 2003
||
|| 19
|| Bortoloni 2003 As a whole, the greatest frequency of the four Indigenous American associated haplogroups occurs in the Altai-Baikal region of southern Siberia. Some subclades of C and D closer to the Indigenous American subclades occur among Mongolian, Amur, Japanese, Korean, and Ainu populations. A 2023 DNA study found that "[i]n addition to previously described ancestral sources in Siberia, Australo-Melanesia, and Southeast Asia, ... northern coastal China also contributed to the gene pool of Native Americans" as well as that of Japanese people.
When studying human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup, the results indicated that Indigenous American haplogroups, including haplogroup X, are part of a single founding East Asian population. It also indicates that the distribution of mtDNA haplogroups and the levels of sequence divergence among linguistically similar groups were the result of multiple preceding migrations from Bering Straits populations. More specifically, Indigenous American mtDNA belongs to sub-haplogroups A2, B2, C1b, C1c, C1d, D1, and X2a (with minor groups C4c, D2a, and D4h3a). This suggests that 95% of Indigenous American mtDNA is descended from a minimal genetic founding female population, comprising sub-haplogroups A2, B2, C1b, C1c, C1d, and D1. According to Jennifer Raff, X2a probably originated in the same Siberian population as the other four founding maternal lineages.
Haplogroup X genetic sequences diverged about 20,000 to 30,000 years ago to give two sub-groups, X1 and X2. X2's subclade X2a occurs only at a frequency of about 3% for the total current Indigenous population of the Americas. It is also present in lower percentages to the west and south of this area — among the Sioux (15%), the Nuu-chah-nulth (11%–13%), the Navajo (7%), and the Yakama (5%). The predominant theory for sub-haplogroup X2a's appearance in North America is migration along with A, B, C, and D mtDNA groups, from a source in the Altai Mountains of central Asia. Haplotype X6 was present in the Tarahumara 1.8% (1/53) and Huichol 20% (3/15)
Sequencing of the mitochondrial genome from Paleo-Eskimo remains (3,500 years old) are distinct from modern Indigenous Americans, falling within sub-haplogroup D2a1, a group observed among today's Aleutian Islanders, the Aleut and Siberian Yupik populations. Then began a genetic exchange in the northern extremes introduced by the Thule people (proto-Inuit) approximately 800–1,000 years ago.
A route through Beringia is seen as more likely than the Solutrean hypothesis. An abstract in a 2012 issue of the "American Journal of Physical Anthropology" states that "The similarities in ages and geographical distributions for C4c and the previously analyzed X2a lineage provide support to the scenario of a dual origin for Paleo-Indigenous Americans. Taking into account that C4c is deeply rooted in the Asian portion of the mtDNA phylogeny and is indubitably of Asian origin, the finding that C4c and X2a are characterized by parallel genetic histories definitively dismisses the controversial hypothesis of an Atlantic glacial entry route into North America."
Another study, also focused on the mtDNA (which is inherited through only the maternal line),
Genetic admixture
Ancient Beringians
Recent archaeological findings in Alaska have shed light on the existence of a previously unknown Indigenous American population that has been academically named "Ancient Beringians". Although it is popularly agreed among archeologists that early settlers had crossed into Alaska from Russia through the Bering Strait land bridge, the issue of whether or not there was one founding group or several waves of migration is a controversial and prevalent debate among academics in the field today. In 2018, the sequenced DNA of an Indigenous girl, whose remains were found at the Upward Sun River archaeological site in Alaska in 2013, proved not to match the two recognized branches of Indigenous Americans and instead belonged to the early population of Ancient Beringians. This breakthrough is said to be the first direct genomic evidence that there was potentially only one wave of migration in the Americas that occurred, with genetic branching and division transpiring after the fact. The migration wave is estimated to have emerged about 20,000 years ago.
Nomatto et al. (2009) proposed migration into Beringia occurred between 40,000 and 30,000 BP, with a pre-LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) migration into the Americas followed by isolation of the northern population following closure of the ice-free corridor.
A 2016 genetic study of Indigenous peoples of the Amazonian region of Brazil (by Skoglund and Reich) showed evidence of admixture from a separate lineage of an otherwise unknown ancient people. This ancient group appears to be related to modern day "Australasian" peoples (i.e. Aboriginal Australians and Melanesians). This "Ghost population" was found in speakers of Tupian languages. They provisionally named this ancient group; "Population Y", after Ypykuéra, "which means 'ancestor' in the Tupi language family". notably the "Luzia Woman" skull found in Brazil.
Old world
Substantial racial admixture has taken place during and since the European colonization of the Americas.
South and Central America
In Latin America in particular, significant racial admixture took place between the Indigenous American population, the European-descended colonial population, and the Sub-Saharan African populations imported as slaves. From about 1700, a Latin American terminology developed to refer to the various combinations of mixed racial descent produced by this.
Many individuals who self-identify as one race exhibit genetic evidence of a multiracial ancestry. The European conquest of South and Central America, beginning in the late 15th century, was initially executed by male soldiers and sailors from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). The new soldier-settlers fathered children with Indigenous American women and later with African slaves. These mixed-race children were generally identified by the Spanish colonist and Portuguese colonist as "Castas".North America
The North American fur trade during the 16th century brought many European men, from France, Ireland, and Great Britain, who married Indigenous North American women. In the areas where these peoples formed communities, and developed a unique, syncretic culture, their children became known as "Métis" or "Bois-Brûlés" by the French colonists. In some contexts these peoples have also been referred to as "mixed-bloods", or "country-born" by the English and Scottish colonists.
Native Americans in the United States are defined by citizenship, culture, and familial relationships, not race. Having never defined Native American identity as racial,
In the United States 2010 census, nearly 3 million people indicated that their race was Indigenous American (including Alaskan Native). This is based on self-identification, as the census does not require documentation of this belief. Especially numerous was the self-identification of Cherokee ethnic origin, a phenomenon dubbed the "Cherokee Syndrome", where some Americans believe they have a "long-lost Cherokee ancestor" without being able to identify any Cherokee or Native American people in their family tree or among their living relatives. This cultivation of an opportunistic ethnic identity is related to the "prestige" non-Natives may associate with Indigenous American ancestry, having never experienced any of the attendant hardships or oppression. In the Eastern United States, in particular, pretendians are common.
Some tribes have adopted blood quantum requirements, or Certificates of Degree of Indian Blood, and practice disenrollment of tribal members unable to prove they are the child of an enrolled tribal member. In these cases, the tribe may demand a paternity test. For some, this has become a contentious issue in Native American reservation politics.
European diseases and genetic modification
A team led by Ripan Malhi, an anthropologist at the University of Illinois in Urbana, conducted a study where they used a scientific technique known as whole exome sequencing to test immune-related gene variants within Indigenous Americans. Through analyzing ancient and modern Indigenous DNA, it was found that HLA-DQA1, a variant gene that codes for protein in charge of differentiating between healthy cells from invading viruses and bacteria were present in nearly 100% of ancient remains but only 36% in modern Indigenous Americans. Blood groups are inherited from both parents. The ABO blood type is controlled by a single gene (the ABO gene) with three alleles: i, I<sup>A</sup>, and I<sup>B</sup>.
Research by Ludwik and Hanka Herschfeld during World War I found that the frequencies of blood groups A, B and O differed greatly from region to region. The "O" blood type (usually resulting from the absence of both A and B alleles) is very common around the world, with a rate of 63% in all human populations. In Indigenous North American populations the frequency of type "A" ranges from 16% to 82%.
The standard explanation for such a high population of Indigenous Americans with blood type O is genetic drift. Because the ancestral population of Indigenous Americans was numerically small, blood type diversity could have been reduced from generation to generation by the founder effect. Other related explanations include the Bottleneck explanation which states that there were high frequencies of blood type A and B among Indigenous Americans but severe population decline during the 1500s and 1600s caused by the introduction of disease from Europe resulted in the massive death toll of those with blood types A and B. Coincidentally, a large amount of the survivors were type O.
|-
! width=250 | PEOPLE GROUP
! width=75 | O (%)
! width=75 | A (%)
! width=75 | B (%)
! width=75 | AB (%)
|-
| align=left | Blackfoot Confederacy (Indigenous North American)
| 17
| 82
| 0
| 1
|-
| align=left | Bororo (Brazil)
| 100
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
| align=left | Eskimos (Alaska)
| 38
| 44
| 13
| 5
|-
| align=left | Inuit (Eastern Canada & Greenland)
| 54
| 36
| 23
| 8
|-
| align=left | Hawaiians (Polynesians, non-Indigenous American)
| 37
| 61
| 2
| 1
|-
| align=left |
| 79
| 16
| 4
| 1
|-
| align=left | Maya (modern)
| 98
| 1
| 1
| 1
|-
| align=left | Navajo
| 73
| 27
| 0
| 0
|-
| align=left | Peru
| 100
| 0
| 0
| 0
|}
The Di<sup>a</sup> antigen of the Diego antigen system has been found only in Indigenous peoples of the Americas and East Asians, and in people with some ancestry from those groups. The frequency of the Di<sup>a</sup> antigen in various groups of Indigenous peoples of the Americas ranges from almost 50% to 0%. Differences in the frequency of the antigen in populations of Indigenous people in the Americas correlate with major language families, modified by environmental conditions.
See also
* Introduction to genetics
* Archaeogenetics
* Archaeology of the Americas
* Ancient DNA
* Clovis culture
* Early human migrations
* Genetic history of Africa
* Genetic history of Europe
* Genetic history of Italy
* Genetic history of North Africa
* Genetic history of the British Isles
* Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula
* Genetic history of the Middle East
* Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia
* List of haplogroups of historic people
* Mayan genetics
* Race and genetics
*
* List of Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
Notes
<references group"nb" />ReferencesFurther reading
*
*
*
*
*
*
Genetics
New World
Category:Genetic genealogy
Americans
Category:History of indigenous peoples of the Americas
Genetics
Category:Indigenous topics of the Caribbean
Genetic history
Category:History of South America
Genetics
Genetics
Genetics
Category:Pleistocene
Genetics
Genetics
Genetics
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.749179
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25869341
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Eiler
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Eiler is a masculine given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Given name
Eiler Rasmussen Eilersen (1827–1912), Danish painter
Eiler Grubbe (1532–1585), Danish Master of Finances, Chancellor of Denmark and member of the Council of the Realm
Eiler Eilersen Hagerup (1718–1789), Bishop of Bjørgvin and Christianssand in Norway
Eiler Hansen Hagerup (1685–1743), Bishop of Nidaros in Norway
Eiler Hagerup (politician) (1736–1795), Norwegian politician and county governor of Finnmark, son of the above
Eiler Holck (1627–1696), Danish baron and major general
Eiler Holm (1904–1987), Danish amateur footballer
Eiler Andreas Jorgensen (1838–1876), Danish-American painter
Eiler Larsen (1890–1975), Danish vagabond who earned fame as "The Greeter" of Laguna Beach, California
Eiler Hagerup Krog Prytz Sr. (1812–1900), Norwegian bailiff and politician
Eiler Hagerup Krog Prytz Jr. (1883–1963), Norwegian goldsmith, nephew of the above
Surname
Elis Eiler (born 1990), Liechtensteiner footballer
Lorraine Eiler (1934–2021), Australian basketball player
Marcella Grace Eiler (1987–2008), American social activist who was murdered in Mexico
See also
Eilers, a list of people with the surname
Category:Danish masculine given names
Category:Norwegian masculine given names
Category:Masculine given names
Category:Scandinavian masculine given names
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiler
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2025-04-06T15:55:04.751595
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25869346
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Bavarian Prealps
|
| subdivision1_type= States
| subdivision1=
| parent= Northern Limestone Alps
| highest=Krottenkopf
| elevation_m= 2086
| coordinates| length_km 70
| range_coordinates
}}
The Bavarian Prealps () are a mountain range within the Northern Limestone Alps along the Austria–Germany border. They include the Bavarian Prealp region between the river Loisach to the west and the river Inn to the east; the range is about long and wide. The term is not defined politically, but alpine-geographically because, although the range is mostly located in Bavaria, southeast Germany, small areas of the Bavarian Prealps lie in the state of Tyrol (e.g. the Hinteres Sonnwendjoch south of the Rotwand), Austria.
The term is not to be confused with the Bavarian Alps or the Bavarian Alpine Foreland. These terms include the whole of the alpine region (together with parts of the Wetterstein, the Karwendel, etc.) and the whole Alpine Foreland on Bavarian state territory.
Except in the Ester Mountains in the extreme west, the summits of the Bavarian Prealps are all below 2000 metres in height and only a few have prominent limestone cliffs.
Extent
(1731 m) from the Heimgarten]]
(1768 m) from the Risserkogel]]
According to the 1984 classification of the Eastern Alps by the German Alpine Club the Bavarian Prealps are delineated as follows: Prealp region from Murnau via Kochel am See, Bad Tölz to Rosenheim – Inn to Kiefersfelden – Kieferbach – Glemmbach – Ellbach – Kaiserhaus (in Brandenberg) – Brandenberger Ache – Erzherzog-Johann-Klause (at the Brandenberger Ache) – Sattelbach – Ampelsbach – Achenbach – Walchen – Isar to Krün – Kranzbach – Kankerbach – Garmisch-Partenkirchen – Loisach to Murnau.
Subdivision
The westernmost part of the Bavarian Prealps is formed by the Ester Mountains and its highest peak, the Krottenkopf (), which is also the highest summit in the Prealps. To the northeast the range is enclosed by the Herzogstand and Heimgarten and the long ridge of the Benediktenwand.
The eastern part of the Prealps between the rivers Isar and Inn is known as the Mangfall Mountains, because its streams – the Rottach, Weißach, Schlierach and Leitzach – all flow into the Mangfall river, which drains the whole area and forming an important groundwater store for the city of Munich. The highest peak in the eastern part of the Bavarian Prealps – located on Austrian state territory in spite of the name – is the Hinteres Sonnwendjoch at above sea level. Neighbouring mountain ranges
The Bavarian Prealps border the following mountain ranges in the Alps:
* Chiemgau Alps (to the east)
* Kaiser Mountains (to the southeast)
* Brandenberg Alps (to the south)
* Karwendel (to the south)
* Wetterstein mountains (to the southwest)
* Ammergau Alps (to the west)
To the north the Bavarian Prealps border on the Alpine Foreland.
Notable peaks
* Benediktenwand
* Bischof
* Heimgarten
* Herzogstand
* Hinteres Sonnwendjoch
* Hirschberg
* Karwendel
* Krottenkopf
* Neureuth
* Plankenstein
* Rechelkopf
* Risserkogel
* Roßstein and Buchstein
* Rotwand
* Schliersberg
* Seekarkreuz
Tourism
Mountain climbing
Many peaks in the Bavarian Prealps are part of Munich's Hausbergen ("home mountains") and may be climbed all year round on foot, by ski mountaineers or with snowshoes. There are good and simple, even family-friendly, routes to most of the summits. Several also offer scenic, generally well-protected climbing routes across a wide range of climbing grades (UIAA II to X): the Roßstein and Buchstein, Plankenstein (Direkter Ostgrat: IV+, Nadel Südwand: X), Ruchenköpfe (Münchner Riß: III, Dülfer Riß: IV). A ski touring classic is the Rotwand-Reib'n, which runs up to the Rotwand.
Long-distance hiking trails
The Via Alpina, a cross-border long-distance trail with five route sections, runs over the entire Alps, including the Bavarian Prealps.
The Violette Way of the Via Alpina runs in 9 stages through the Bavarian Prealps as follows:
* Stage A51 runs from Oberaudorf to the Brünnsteinhaus
* Stage A52 runs from the Brünnsteinhaus to the Rotwandhaus via the Ursprungtal
* Stage A53 runs from the Rotwandhaus to Sutten via the Spitzingsee
* Stage A54 runs from Sutten to Kreuth via the Risserkogel
* Stage A55 runs from Kreuth to Lenggries via the Hirschberghütte and the Lenggrieser Hütte
* Stage A56 runs from Lenggries to the Tutzinger Hütte via the Brauneck
* Stage A57 runs from der Tutzinger Hütte to the Herzogstand via the Kesselberghöhe
* Stage A58 runs from the Herzogstand to the Weilheimer Hütte via Eschenlohe
* Stage A59 runs from der Weilheimer Hütte to Garmisch-Partenkirchen via the Wank
The Munich–Venice Dream Path (Traumpfad München–Venedig), first publicised in 1977, also runs through the Bavarian Prealps. Although it is not an official long-distance path, it has become well known because so many walking clubs and states were involved in its creation. The third section of the Dream Path runs from Geretsried to the Brauneck Gipfelhaus via Bad Tölz and Lenggries. Most of this stage is located in the Alpine Foreland. The fourth stage runs from the Brauneck-Gipfelhaus via the Benediktenwand in the Jachenau. The fifth stage runs from the Jachenau to Vorderriß, where the path enters the Karwendel. The end point is at Hinterriß.
In addition there is the Via Bavarica Tyrolensis, a cycle path from Munich to the Tyrol (see main article). Gallery
<gallery>
File:Rotwand HQ.jpg|The Rotwand, Mangfall Mountains
File:Plankenstein und Risserkogel im Winter HQ.jpg|The Plankenstein and Risserkogel, Tegernsee Mountains
File:Bischof HQ.jpg|View of the Bischof () looking southwest from the Krottenkopf (), Ester Mountains
File:Ross- und Buchstein vom Schoenberg HQ.jpg|The Roß- and Buchstein from the Schönberg
File:Heimgarten HQ.jpg|The Heimgarten () from the Herzogstand
File:Herzogstand HQ.jpg|The Herzogstand () from the Heimgarten
File:Sonnwendjoch HQ.jpg|The Hinteres Sonnwendjoch ()
File:Blick vom Seekarkreuz HQ.jpg|View of the Karwendel from the Seekarkreuz ()
File:Benediktenwand, 1800 m.jpg|The north face of the Benediktenwand ()
</gallery>
Sources
*German Alpine Club (DAV): ''Alpenvereins-Jahrbuch "Berg '84": Die Einteilung der Ostalpen
*M. u. E. Zebhauser: Alpenvereinsführer Bayerische Voralpen Ost, Rother-Verlag, 1992,
*Bernd Ritschel/Malte Roeper: Bayerische Alpen zwischen Oberammergau und Bayrischzell'' with articles by Hermann Magerer, Michael Pause, Hans Steinbichler et al., 1st edn., 2001, Rother-Verlag,
External links
* [http://www.steinmandl.de/Voralpen.htm Tours and summits in the Bavarian Prealps at steinmandl.de]
* [http://www.dullinger-web.de Large selection of walks in the Munich Hausbergen]
* [http://www.tourentipp.de Mountain tours & ski tours - many route descriptions from the Bavarian Prealps with photos]
* [http://www.steinmandl.de/Klettern_Voralpen.htm Description of numerous climbing routes]
* [http://harry.ilo.de/projekte/berge/idx-berg.php Description of numerous mountain tours]
Category:Mountain ranges of the Alps
Category:Northern Limestone Alps
Category:Mountain ranges of Bavaria
Category:Mountain ranges of Tyrol (federal state)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavarian_Prealps
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.758031
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25869374
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Christian Schussele
|
200px 230px
Christian Schussele (born 16 April 1824 – 20 August 1879) was a French-born American visual artist and teacher, and is credited with designing the American Medal of Honor. He was known for his printmaking, drawing, and portrait painting. Schussele taught painting at the Pennsylvania Academy (now Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts) in Philadelphia.
Biography
Christian Schussele was born on 16 April 1824 in Guebwiller, Alsace, France.
He studied under Adolphe Yvon and Paul Delaroche from 1842 to 1848 and then came to the United States. Here, for some time, he worked at chromolithography which he had also pursued in France. Later he devoted himself almost entirely to painting.
His Men of Progress (1857) featured a group portrait of nineteen American inventors and innovators. While all those portrayed were still alive, they had never met as a group but were composed from existing individual portraits. It is now housed in Cooper Union, New York City.
Other well-known works include Clear the Track (1851); Franklin Appearing Before The Privy Council (1856) (housed in the San Marino, California Huntington Library, Art Museum, and Botanical Gardens); Zeisberger preaching to the Indians (1859); The Iron-Worker and King Solomon (1860); Washington at Valley Forge (1862); McClellan at Antietam (1863); and Home on Furlough (1864).
About 1863, he was attacked by palsy in the right hand. In 1865, he went abroad and underwent severe treatment with no apparent benefit. On his return, in 1868, he was elected to fill the chair, then founded, of drawing and painting in the Pennsylvania Academy (now Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts) in Philadelphia, which he held until his death in 1879. During this period he produced Queen Esther denouncing Haman, owned by the Academy (1869), and The Alsatian Fair (1870). Most of the paintings that have been named became widely known through large prints by John Sartain and other engravers.
Painter Thomas Eakins covered Schussele's classes when he was too ill to teach. Eakins succeeded Schussele as instructor of painting and drawing at the Academy.
He died of a stroke on 20 August 1879, in Merchantville, New Jersey.
File:Christian Schussele - Men of Progress - Google Art Project.jpg|Men of Progress (1857), Cooper Union, New York City.
File:'King Solomon and the Iron Worker' by Christian Schussele, 1863.JPG|King Solomon and the Iron Worker (1863), Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia.
File:Christian Schussele - Washington Irving and his Literary Friends at Sunnyside - Google Art Project.jpg|Washington Irving and his Literary Friends at Sunnyside (1864), National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C.
File:Ocean Life MET DT4897.jpg | Ocean Life, circa 1859, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Notes
References
Category:1824 births
Category:1879 deaths
Category:19th-century American male artists
Category:19th-century American painters
Category:American male painters
Category:American printmakers
Category:French emigrants to the United States
Category:19th-century French painters
Category:French printmakers
Category:People from Guebwiller
Category:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts faculty
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Schussele
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.761283
|
25869390
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Mateo Rosas de Oquendo
|
Mateo Rosas de Oquendo (ca. 1559–1612) is viceregal Peru's earliest satirist. Born in Spain, he travelled to the New World where he served as Secretary to the Viceroy García Hurtado de Mendoza. Notarial documentation shows him as engaged in the conquest of Tucumán, where he is named Accountant of Royal Finances and founds the city of La Rioja. He was also a land grantee in Canchanga and Camiquín. He probably left Peru and settled in Mexico around 1598.
His works are found mainly in two manuscripts, one at the National Library of Spain in Madrid (MS 19381) and the other, Ms. Codex 193, at the Library of the University of Pennsylvania.
Bibliography
Lasarte, Pedro. Mateo Rosas de Oquendo. Obra completa y poemas relacionados (Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma / Editorial Universitaria, 2019).
Lasarte, Pedro. Ed., Sátira hecha por Mateo Rosas de Oquendo a las cosas que pasan en el Pirú, año de 1598. Estudio y edición crítica (Madison: HSMS, 1990).
Lasarte, Pedro. Lima satirizada (1598-1698): Mateo Rosas de Oquendo y Juan del Valle y Caviedes (Lima: PUCP, 2006)
Reyes, Alfonso. "Sobre Mateo Rosas de Oquendo, poeta del siglo XVI." Revista de filología española, 6 (1917), 341-70.
References
Category:1550s births
Category:1612 deaths
Category:Peruvian satirists
Category:16th-century Spanish writers
Category:16th-century Spanish male writers
Category:Viceroyalty of Peru people
Category:Peruvian poets
Category:Peruvian writers
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mateo_Rosas_de_Oquendo
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2025-04-06T15:55:04.762721
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25869402
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Noisecreep
|
| type = Music, news and media
| registration = Optional
| owner = Townsquare Media
| author = Seth Werkheiser
| launch_date =
}}
Noisecreep is a hard rock and heavy metal music news and media website based in the United States. The site was created by AOL Music in March 2009.
Noisecreep was the fourth genre-specific music website owned by AOL after the rock music website Spinner, country music website TheBoot and hip hop music website TheBoomBox. Noisecreep is also part of AOL's MediaGlow publishing division which was created in January 2009.
The site publishes music news and interviews presented in a blog-like format, with an emphasis on lesser-known hard rock and heavy metal bands. According to Mike Rich, AOL's head of the entertainment department, "right now with heavy metal and hard rock, unless you're AC/DC or Metallica, you're not getting much play. These bands really haven't had a big platform to say hey, here we are, here's our music." On June 2, 2013, AOL sold Noisecreep, The Boot and The Boombox to Townsquare Media.ReferencesExternal links
*
Category:AOL
Category:Heavy metal publications
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noisecreep
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.764998
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25869429
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Eric Furlatt
|
| birth_place = Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
| death_date = <!-- (DEATH date then BIRTH date) -->
| death_place | other_names
| alma_mater | employer National Hockey League
| occupation = Ice hockey referee
| years_active = 2001–present
}}
Eric Furlatt (born December 2, 1971) is a National Hockey League referee, wearing number 27. He made his debut during the 2001–02 NHL season. , Furlatt has officiated 1,464 regular season games and 180 playoff games, including one Stanley Cup Finals appearance.
Early life
Eric Furlatt was raised in Cap-de-la-Madeleine, where he attended . He frequently watched his father play hockey at the former Jean-Guy Talbot Arena, stating in an interview with Radio-Canada that "[he] was practically raised" there. He began officiating after seeing his brother referee senior hockey, and officiated junior hockey, including Major Junior, before being hired by the NHL. Eighteen years after his first playoff game, Furlatt worked the 2021 Stanley Cup Finals.
Furlatt referred his 1500th game on January 6 2025 at the Bell Centre in Montreal, between Montreal Canadian and the Vancouver Canucks.
Personal life
Furlatt is married, with two daughters. He received a bachelor’s degree in 1997.<ref name":0" />See also* List of NHL on-ice officialsReferences
Category:1971 births
Category:Living people
Category:Canadian ice hockey officials
Category:Ice hockey people from Trois-Rivières
Category:National Hockey League officials
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Furlatt
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.769006
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25869430
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Satish Chander Dhawan Government College
|
Satish Chander Dhawan Government College, formally S.C.D. Government College, Ludhiana, formerly Imperial College, Ludhiana and Government College for Boys, Ludhiana, is an educational institution located in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The college offers various courses in Humanities, Commerce and Science for graduation and post graduation level studies.
History
S.C.D. Government College was established in 1920 as Imperial College, Ludhiana and was later renamed Government College for Boys, Ludhiana. In 1976 it was renamed S.C.D. Government College by the Government of Punjab after Satish Dhawan, an alumnus of the college.
Notable alumni
Arshpreet Bhullar, basketball player
Satish Dhawan, space scientist
Sahir Ludhianvi, Urdu poet
Amit Singh Bakshi, two-time Asian Games medalist in track and field and Olympic gold medalist in field hockey
References
External links
Category:Education in Ludhiana
Category:Educational institutions established in 1920
Category:Universities and colleges in Punjab, India
Category:1920 establishments in British India
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satish_Chander_Dhawan_Government_College
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.770638
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25869444
|
Arianna Hernandez
|
| years = 2009–2010
| first =
| last =
| creator = Dena Higley and Christopher Whitesell
| introducer = Ken Corday and Gary Tomlin
| classification = Former; regular
| books | spinoffs
| image1 = File:LH Arianna.png
| caption1 = Lindsay Hartley as Arianna Hernandez
| image3 = <!-- For alternate performer only -->
| caption3 | alias
| occupation =
| parents =
| brothers =
| sisters = Gabi Hernandez
| halfsisters = Paige Larson
| aunts = Estrella
| nieces = Arianna Horton
}}
Arianna Hernandez is a fictional character from the American NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives, played by Lindsay Hartley. Arianna made her first appearance on April 15, 2009. In July 2009, it was announced that original actress Felisha Terrell had been axed from the soap and would be replaced by Lindsay Hartley. Hartley made her first appearance on August 28, 2009. In July 2010, it was announced that Hartley would be departing Days of our Lives and Arianna made her final appearance on November 8, 2010.
Creation and development
In March 2009, it was announced that television newcomer Felisha Terrell had joined the cast of Days of our Lives as Arianna Hernandez, the sister of established character Rafe Hernandez (Galen Gering). Despite Terrell signing a three-year contract, Hartley began filming her scenes on the July 23. She and Gering previously played siblings Theresa and Luis Lopez-Fitzgerald in Passions. In November 2010, Hartley told TV Guide magazine that she found the axing "tough" saying: "There was a period where I wasn't being used very much, where they had opportunities to go certain directions with my character and didn't, and it just wasn't happening. So I kind of had an idea that something was gonna go down." Hartley was told in a storyline meeting that Arianna would be killed off, a decision that left her "completely shocked, devastated".
Storylines
Arianna first appears when Caroline Brady (Peggy McCay) hires her as a waitress at the Brady pub. She then moves to Salem and reconnects with her older brother, Rafe, whom she has been estranged from. She meets Rafe's girlfriend, Sami Brady (Alison Sweeney) and takes an instant dislike to her after she learns that Rafe resigned from the FBI for her. Arianna meets recovering drug addict Brady Black (Eric Martsolf) and takes a liking to him, but refuses his offer of a date, explaining that she has been in relationships with drug addicts in the past and does not want to again. Arianna later agrees to a date with Brady and they have a picnic in the park. They then begin a relationship.
Arianna uses the pub as a front to receive and sell drugs. Arianna meets Roman Brady (Josh Taylor) and is revealed to be working undercover for the Salem Police Department to find the root of drug distribution in Salem. Brady's grandfather, Victor Kiriakis (John Aniston) learns that Arianna is a drug dealer and forces her to end her relationship with Brady. She asks Roman if she can leave the investigation, but he says no. As time goes by EJ DiMera learns Arianna is working for him and he soon begins to favor Arianna over Troy (Erik Fellows) due to her selling more drugs. Jealous of Arianna moving up the ladder in the drug cartel and EJ warning Troy that Arianna would take his spot, Troy hires a hitman to kill Arianna. One day, the pub is closed due to Mickey Horton's death but Arianna decides to do inventory that day. Troy, who had been watching the pub, calls the hitman to take out Arianna. The hitman sneaks into the pub and tries to rob and kill Arianna, but Brady chases him off. After the hit fails, Troy decides to kill Arianna himself. Troy breaks into the pub when Arianna is alone and sneaks into her room to kill her, but EJ arrives and saves her. Troy is arrested for attempted murder and Arianna is taken off the investigation, but not before Troy notices Arianna speaking to Roman and realizes she is working undercover, he warns EJ that Arianna is a snitch. Brady, who is also at the police station, asks EJ what Troy is talking about and EJ pretends to have no idea and denies he has ever met Troy. The drug cartel storyline is then dropped.
Brady proposes marriage and Arianna accepts. They travel to the Dominican Republic to marry, but Brady's ex-girlfriend Nicole Walker (Arianne Zucker) follows them and attempts to reconcile with Brady. However, he refuses as he loves Arianna. A tropical storm stops the ceremony from taking place and they return to Salem. Nicole discovers that Richard Baker (John Callahan) is an associate of the Salem Mugger, who has been mugging several high-profile men. She makes him plant Arianna's hair at the crime scene. Arianna is then arrested and charged with multiple crimes. As she protests her innocence, Brady does not believe her and she ends their relationship. Lawyer EJ takes over Arianna's case and looks for evidence that Nicole framed her. Hope Brady (Kristian Alfonso) later confesses to the crimes after being under the influence of sleeping pills. Arianna overhears Sami confessing to shooting EJ and decides to tell him. She tells Rafe, who reveals that he already knows and supports Sami. Arianna agrees to meet with Sami to hear her side of the story. Sami explains why and when she shot EJ and Arianna video tapes her confession. After Arianna tells Sami that she is going to the police, Sami attacks her but she escapes. Sami calls her son Will Horton (Chandler Massey) and Rafe, telling them to stop Arianna. Will finds her at the pub and stops her telling EJ. Arianna runs away from Will onto the road, where she is hit by a car, and she dies in hospital days later from complications of the accident. After her death, Arianna's ghost haunts Sami with the truth about EJ's shooting.
Arianna's sister, Gabi, honored her memory by naming her daughter after her.
Reception
With the recast to Hartley, Luke Kerr wrote for Daytime Confidential that she brought a smile to his face. He also commented that Arianna "became a whole lot more interesting".
References
External links
* [http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/bios/lindsay-hartley/ Character profile] on the [http://www.nbc.com/days-of-our-lives/ NBC website]
Category:Days of Our Lives characters
Category:Television characters introduced in 2009
Category:Fictional waiting staff in soap operas
Category:Fictional bartenders in soap operas
Category:American female characters in soap operas
Category:Fictional Hispanic and Latino American people
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arianna_Hernandez
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2025-04-06T15:55:04.775355
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25869470
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Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area
|
thumb|Monterey Bay
Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area is one of four small marine protected areas located near the cities of Monterey and Pacific Grove, at the southern end of Monterey Bay on California’s central coast. The four areas together encompass . Within SMCAs fishing and take of all living marine resources is prohibited except the recreational take of finfish by hook-and-line and the commercial take of giant and bull kelp under certain conditions.
History
The two State Marine Conservation Areas were established in September 2007 by the California Department of Fish & Game. They were two of 29 marine protected areas adopted during the first phase of the Marine Life Protection Act Initiative, which created a statewide network of marine protected areas along the California coastline.
Geography and natural features
Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area is located off the coast of the Monterey Peninsula, at the southern end of Monterey Bay. It covers an area of .22 sq. miles (0.56 km²). The reserve is directly offshore from the Monterey Bay Aquarium and Cannery Row.
It was named for Edward F. Ricketts (1897–1948) who founded the Pacific Biological Laboratories in Monterey.
It is the easternmost of four marine protected areas bordering the Monterey Peninsula.
Edward F. Ricketts SMCA is bounded by straight lines connecting the following points in the order listed: , , and ,then the mean high tide line along the coast back to the breakwater of Monterey Harbor.
The Lovers Point State Marine Reserve is adjacent to the west of Ricketts SMCA, and then beyond that the Pacific Grove Marine Gardens State Marine Conservation Area. It is bounded by the mean high tide line and straight lines connecting the following points in the order listed: , , , ,and , then along to coast back to the first point.
Farther south and west is the Asilomar State Marine Reserve. All four areas are included within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary.
Habitat and wildlife
The Monterey Peninsula includes extensive tidepools brimming with life. Its sandy beaches are used by pupping harbor seals, and dense kelp beds offshore provide shelter for sea otters. SMCAs provide habitat for a variety of marine life, and includes kelp forest, beach, rocky intertidal, and soft and hard bottom.
Recreation
The natural beauty and ocean resources of the Monterey Peninsula draw millions of visitors from around the world each year, including more than 65,000 scuba divers drawn by the area’s easy access, variety of wildlife, and massive kelp forests.
In addition to diving and visiting the aquarium, people enjoy the Monterey Bay by kayaking, whale watching, charter fishing, and eating an array of locally sourced seafood restaurants.
California’s marine protected areas encourage recreational and educational uses of the ocean. Activities such as kayaking, diving, snorkeling, and swimming are allowed unless otherwise restricted.
Scientific monitoring
As specified by the Marine Life Protection Act, select marine protected areas along California’s central coast are being monitored by scientists to track their effectiveness and learn more about ocean health. Similar studies in marine protected areas located off of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands have already detected gradual improvements in fish size and number.
Local scientific and educational institutions involved in the monitoring include the Hopkins Marine Station *located between the two SMCAs), the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), and Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. Research methods include hook-and-line sampling, scuba diver surveys, and the use of Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) submarines.
References
External links
External links
Californias MPAs
Marine Life Protection Act Initiative
CalOceans
Category:Marine sanctuaries in California
Category:Monterey Bay
Category:California Department of Fish and Wildlife areas
Category:Protected areas of Monterey County, California
Category:Culture of Monterey, California
Category:Pacific Grove, California
Category:2007 establishments in California
Category:Protected areas established in 2007
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_F._Ricketts_State_Marine_Conservation_Area
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.780923
|
25869490
|
Fuster
|
Fuster, Füster or Fustér is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anton Füster (1808–1881), Austrian Roman Catholic priest, theologian, pedagogue, radical political activist and author
David Fuster (born 1982), Spanish football midfielder
Frank Fuster, Cuban-American criminal defendant
Géza Füster (1910–1990), Hungarian-Canadian chess International Master
Jaime Fuster (1941–2007), Puerto Rican politician who served as an Associate Justice to the Supreme Court
Joan Fuster (1922–1992), Spanish writer, who published mostly in Catalan
Joaquin Fuster (born 1930), Spanish neuroscientist
José Rodríguez Fuster (born 1946), Cuban artist specializing in ceramics, painting, drawing, engraving, and graphic design
Luciana Fuster (born 1999), Peruvian model, television personality, and beauty queen
Raúl Fuster (born 1985), Spanish football defender
Serge Fuster (also known as "Casamayor", 1911–1988), French judge and writer
Valentín Fuster (born 1943), Spanish-American cardiologist
Vicente Fustér (c. late 18th century), O.F.M., Spanish Catholic priest of the Franciscan Order, and missionary in California
See also
Dr. Augusto Roberto Fuster International Airport, small airport serving the city of Pedro Juan Caballero in Paraguay
Category:Catalan-language surnames
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuster
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.782440
|
25869542
|
Gisbert
|
Gisbert is a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
People with the given name
Gisbert Combaz (1869–1941), Belgian artist
Gisbert Flüggen (1811–1859), German painter
Gisbert Haefs (born 1950), German writer and translator
Gisbert Hasenjaeger (1919–2006), German mathematical logician
Gisbert Horsthemke, German footballer
Gisbert Kapp (1852–1922), Austrian-English electrical engineer
Gisbert Schneider (1934–2018), German professor for organ and improvisation
Gisbert Steenwick (1642–1679), Dutch composer, organist, and carillonneur
Gisbertus Voetius (1589–1676), Dutch Calvinist theologian
Gisbert Wüstholz, German mathematician
Gisbert Zarambaud (born 1997), Central African footballer
Gisbert zu Knyphausen (born 1979), German singer-songwriter
Friedrich Gisbert Wilhelm von Romberg (1729–1809), German officer
Wilhelm Gisbert Groos, German WW1 flying ace
People with the surname
Antonio Gisbert (1834–1901), Spanish artist
Blaise Gisbert (1657–1731), French Jesuit rhetorician and critic
Carlos Diego de Mesa Gisbert (born 1953), Bolivian historian, journalist, and politician
Francesc Capdevila Gisbert (born 1956), birth name of Max (Spanish cartoonist)
Greg Gisbert (born 1966), American jazz trumpeter and flugelhornist
Joan Manuel Gisbert (born 1949), Spanish writer of children's literature
Jorge Gisbert, Spanish tennis player
José María Gisbert, Spanish tennis player
Juan Gisbert Sr. (born 1942), Spanish tennis player
Juan Gisbert Schultze, Spanish tennis player
Teresa Gisbert (1926–2018), Bolivian architect and historian
See also
Gisbert (TV series), 1999 German TV series
Gijsbert, a Dutch given name
Gizbert, a surname
Gisberta Salce Júnior, Brazilian trans woman
Category:Catalan-language surnames
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisbert
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.785355
|
25869557
|
1999 Woking Borough Council election
|
The 1999 Woking Council election took place on 6 May 1999 to elect members of Woking Borough Council in Surrey, England.
Summary
One third of the council was up for election. The council stayed under no overall control. Before the election the largest council party grouping, the Liberal Democrats, were two seats short of a majority. The effect of the election was to make the Liberal Democrats four seats short, to remove their option of relying on the independent councillor and vacant seat where necessary and calling for issue-by-issue full council chamber support of either a third of the local Conservatives or most of the local Labour Party councillors.
After the election, the composition of the council led by 35 councillors was:
*Liberal Democrat 14
*Conservative 12
*Labour 7
*Independent 1
*Vacant 1
There were no boundary changes (by the Boundary Commission) to affect comparisons made between this election and that of four year's before for the same vacancies. The council had had no single party overall control relatively frequently, for nine years of 25, since its creation in 1974.}}
References
1999
Category:1999 English local elections
Category:1990s in Surrey
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Woking_Borough_Council_election
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.787161
|
25869561
|
Andrew Wiedeman
|
| birth_place = San Ramon, California, United States
| height
| position = Forward
| currentclub | clubnumber
| collegeyears1 = 2007–2009
| college1 = California Golden Bears
| collegecaps1 = 59
| collegegoals1 = 30
| years1 = 2008
| clubs1 = San Jose Frogs
| caps1 = 12
| goals1 = 6
| years2 = 2009
| clubs2 = NorCal Lamorinda United
| caps2 | goals2
| years3 = 2010–2012
| clubs3 = FC Dallas
| caps3 = 8
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2012–2014
| clubs4 = Toronto FC
| caps4 = 36
| goals4 = 4
| years5 = 2015
| clubs5 = Ottawa Fury
| caps5 = 25
| goals5 = 4
| years6 = 2016–2017
| clubs6 = FC Cincinnati
| caps6 = 59
| goals6 = 9
| totalcaps = 132
| totalgoals = 23
| nationalyears1 = 2007
| nationalteam1 = United States U18
| nationalcaps1 = 4
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| club-update = November 8, 2023
| ntupdate = December 8, 2015
}}
Andrew Dennis Wiedeman (born August 22, 1989) is an American former professional soccer player, who played as a forward.
Career
College and amateur
Wiedeman played college soccer at the University of California, where he earned numerous individual honors, including NSCAA Far West All-Region and All-Pac-10 first teams in 2009 and NSCAA third-team All-American, All-Pac-10 first-team selection, Top Drawer Soccer's Team of the Season, NSCAA Far West All-Region first team and Pac-10 all-academic second-team selection in 2008. He left college early to enter the 2010 MLS SuperDraft as a Generation Adidas player.
During his college years Wiedeman also played with San Jose Frogs in the USL Premier Development League during the 2008 season and NorCal Lamorinda United in the National Premier Soccer League during the 2009 season. Wiedeman was also a four-year starter for the California High School Fighting Grizzlies, earning all-East Bay Athletic League Honors his Junior year. Wiedeman holds an Irish passport through descent.ProfessionalWiedeman was drafted in the second round (21st overall) of the 2010 MLS SuperDraft by FC Dallas. He made his professional debut on April 28, 2010, in US Open Cup game against D.C. United.
Wiedeman was traded to Toronto FC in exchange for Julian de Guzman on July 13, 2012.
In Toronto, he rejoined former FC Dallas teammate and fellow Californian Eric Avila. He made his debut for the club a day later coming on as a substitute for Danny Koevermans, who exited with an injury, in the 41st minute. Toronto FC went on to win that game 1–0 against the New England Revolution.
He scored his first professional goal in only his second appearance for Toronto FC on July 18, 2012, coming on as a substitute for Eric Avila in the 59th minute of a home game against the Colorado Rapids and scoring the game-winning goal in the 67th minute of play, off a deflected shot from teammate Luis Silva, to earn Toronto a 2–1 victory.
Wiedeman was signed by Ottawa Fury FC of the North American Soccer League on January 26, 2015. He would score his first and second goals for the club in a 4–1 win over Indy Eleven on August 8, 2015.
, unaware of the linesman behind him signaling that he was offside.]]
On December 7, 2015, Wiedeman was announced as one of the first 11 signings for USL expansion club FC Cincinnati.
Following the end of the 2017 season at FC Cincinnati, Wiedeman retired from professional soccer to pursue a bachelor's degree at the University of California, Berkeley.
Wiedeman played in the inaugural edition of The Soccer Tournament. Wiedeman played for Nati SC, a team composed for FC Cincinnati alumni.ReferencesExternal links
*
*
*
Category:1989 births
Category:Living people
Category:American men's soccer players
Category:American expatriate men's soccer players
Category:California Golden Bears men's soccer players
Category:San Jose Frogs players
Category:FC Dallas players
Category:Toronto FC players
Category:Ottawa Fury FC players
Category:Men's association football forwards
Category:Expatriate men's soccer players in Canada
Category:USL League Two players
Category:Major League Soccer players
Category:North American Soccer League (2011–2017) players
Category:United States men's youth international soccer players
Category:FC Dallas draft picks
Category:FC Cincinnati players
Category:Sportspeople from San Ramon, California
Category:Soccer players from Contra Costa County, California
Category:American people of Irish descent
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wiedeman
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.792175
|
25869569
|
Scyllarides latus
|
}}
Scyllarides latus, the Mediterranean slipper lobster, is a species of slipper lobster found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. It is edible and highly regarded as food, but is now rare over much of its range due to overfishing. Adults may grow to long, are camouflaged, and have no claws. They are nocturnal, emerging from caves and other shelters during the night to feed on molluscs. As well as being eaten by humans, S. latus is also preyed upon by a variety of bony fish. Its closest relative is S. herklotsii, which occurs off the Atlantic coast of West Africa; other species of Scyllarides occur in the western Atlantic Ocean and the Indo-Pacific. The larvae and young animals are largely unknown.
Distribution
Scyllarus latus is found along most of the coast of the Mediterranean Sea (one exception being the northern Adriatic Sea
Description
S. latus can grow to a total body length about , although rarely more than . This is equivalent to a carapace length of up to . Despite the name "lobster", slipper lobsters such as Scyllarides latus have no claws, and nor do they have the protective spines of spiny lobsters. Instead, the exoskeleton, and particularly the carapace, are thicker than in clawed lobsters and spiny lobsters, acting as resilient armour. Between July and August, females carry around 100,000 eggs on their enlarged, feathery pleopods. The eggs develop from being a bright orange colour to a dark brown before being shed into the water after around 16 days of development. There is normally only one generation per year. The last phyllosoma stage may reach a size of and can be up to 11 months old; most of the intermediate phyllosoma stages have not been observed. Young adults are also rare; a museum specimen with a carapace length of is the smallest adult yet observed. Adults moult annually, and probably migrate to cooler waters with a temperature of to do so. The old exoskeleton softens over a period of 10–22 days before being shed, and the new, pale exoskeleton takes around three weeks to harden completely. Smaller individuals typically gain weight over the course of a moult, but this difference is less pronounced in larger animals. Scyllarides is placed in the subfamily Arctidinae, which is differentiated from other subfamilies by the presence of multiarticulated exopods on all three maxillipeds, and a three-segmented palp on the mandible. The only other genus in the subfamily, Arctides, is distinguished by having a more highly sculptured carapace, with an extra spine behind each eye, and a transverse groove on the first segment of the abdomen.
The only other species of Scyllarides to occur in the Eastern Atlantic is Scyllarides herklotsii, which differs from S. latus mostly in the ornamentation on the carapace; while in S. latus the tubercles (lumps projecting from the surface) are high and pronounced, they are lower and more rounded in S. herklotsii.Type specimenof Scyllarides latus was painted by Cornelius Sittardus, and reproduced in Conrad Gesner's Historiae animalium.|altA flattish brown crustacean with large flattened antennae on a plain background.]]
The type locality given by Pierre André Latreille in his original description of the species was simply "Mediterranée" (Mediterranean Sea), without designating a type specimen. Lipke Holthuis later chose a lectotype for the species, which was the animal illustrated by Cornelius Sittardus, and published in Conrad Gesner's Historiae animalium in 1558 (book 4, p. 1097).
Human consumption
S. latus is edible, but it is a relatively rare species, and is therefore of little interest to fisheries. However, it is caught in small numbers throughout its distribution, mostly in trammel nets, by trawling and in lobster pots. An annual catch of has been reported for Israel. Catching by hand has become increasingly frequent, since the advent of SCUBA diving made the animal's habitat more accessible to humans. This may have affected population sizes of S. latus in some areas.<ref name"MLW"/>
References
External links
*
Category:Achelata
Category:Edible crustaceans
Category:Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
Category:Crustaceans described in 1802
Category:Habitats Directive species
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scyllarides_latus
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.801914
|
25869571
|
Steve Voake
|
Steve Voake is a successful English children's author from Midsomer Norton, Somerset, whose books have sold all over the world.
He started his teaching career at Midsomer Norton County Primary school in the late 80's. In 2003 he was head teacher of a primary school in Kilmersdon, Somerset, when the BBC reported that he was being hailed as the next J. K. Rowling. A bidding war had broken out amongst publishers and film makers for the rights to his first novel, The Dreamwalker's Child. The publication deal he accepted with Faber and Faber enabled him to give up his teaching job to be a full-time writer, although the book has not been made into a film.
Since then he has published twenty three books. The novelist and critic Amanda Craig has regularly praised his work. The Times often includes his books in its recommended lists of top children's books. The School Library Association has included one of his novels in its list of recommended books for boys.
He also contributed to the Higher Ground Project, a book featuring leading children's authors that was published to raise awareness of the Boxing Day Tsunami.
On 22 March 2017, Voake was on Westminster Bridge, London, and witnessed the Westminster terrorist attack.
Early life
Steve Voake grew up in Midsomer Norton. After leaving school he sold ice-creams in the south of France for a while. He obtained a BA (Hons) in Philosophy at the University of Liverpool, then qualified as a teacher at the University of Exeter.
Career
He spent eight years as head teacher of Kilmersdon Primary School, near Midsomer Norton, Somerset.
In addition, film companies DreamWorks, Warner Brothers, Fox Broadcasting Company and Miramax all asked to see the book In 2005, the book was published in the UK as well as Italy, Germany, Greece, Holland, Russia, Portugal and Japan.
US rights were subsequently bought at auction for a six-figure sum.
In 2007 he collaborated with his cousin Charlotte Voake, the Nestle Smarties Book Prize-winning author of Pizza Kittens and Ginger, to write Insect Detective.
He is currently also Senior Lecturer in Writing for Young People at Bath Spa University.
* Fightback – Won the Bolton book Award
* "Hooey Higgins and the Shark" awarded Outstanding International Book by United States Board of Books for Young People, 2013
* "Insect Detective" was awarded Best Illustrated Children's Non Fiction Book by the English Association (2009)
* 'My Brother Saves Things' longlisted for University of Canberra Vice-Chancellor's International Poetry Prize, 2016
* "Pencil" – Poems on the Buses Exhibition, Guernsey Literary Festival 2017
* "TT" longlisted for Poetry Society's National Poetry Competition 2020
Personal life
He lives with his family in Westbury-sub-Mendip, Somerset.Media coverageUK national newspapersThe Times has published many favourable articles featuring Steve Voake or his books and frequently including them in their holiday specials of recommended books at Christmas or the summer holidays, Their critic, the novelist Amanda Craig in particular has recommended them,
The Guardian reported on Steve Voake's inclusion on the School Library Association List. The Observer favourably reviewed The Dreamwalker's Child". The Daily Telegraph has also reviewed his work, as has The Independent. The Times Educational Supplement covered Steve Voake's contribution to the Higher Ground Project, a book published to raise awareness of the Boxing Day Tsunami.UK local newspapersMany local newspapers have covered his work, including the Somerset Guardian Standard, the Bath Chronicle and the Worcester News.
Foreign periodicals
Abroad, there has been considerable newspaper coverage, including The Herald Journal, (Utah, United States), the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, and in Fantasy Magazine in Italy.Television and radioCBBC featured an interview with Steve Voake in its Newsround programme.
BBC Somerset Sound has interviewed him on the radio. The BBC has regularly reported on Steve Voake in its news pages on its website.<ref name"news.bbc.co.uk"/><ref name"bbc.co.uk"/><ref name"ReferenceA"/>Literary festivalsHe is now a regular on the book festival circuit and has been invited to speak at literary festivals including Cheltenham, Frome, Bath, Somerset, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Guildford.<ref name"bathspa.ac.uk"/>
See also
References
External links
* [http://stevevoake.com Steve Voake website]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070812185204/http://www.stevevoake.co.uk/
*
*
Category:Living people
Category:21st-century English novelists
Category:Academics of Bath Spa University
Category:Alumni of the University of Exeter
Category:Alumni of the University of Liverpool
Category:British writers of young adult literature
Category:English children's writers
Category:English fantasy writers
Category:English male short story writers
Category:English male novelists
Category:Heads of schools in England
Category:People from Midsomer Norton
Category:Schoolteachers from Somerset
Category:Writers from Somerset
Category:21st-century English short story writers
Category:21st-century English male writers
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Voake
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.811327
|
25869586
|
Fatgums production discography
|
The following songs were produced by Fatgums.
2000
Fatgums and Gammaray - OHHSSH!!
"Ha!" (co-produced by Gammaray)
"Skooby" (co-produced by Gammaray)
2005
The Committee - The Committee EP
"Struggles"
2008
Novelists - Bookends
01. "Book Begins" (co-produced by Gammaray)
02. "Crime In The City" (co-produced by Gammaray)
03. "Morning"
04. "Treats" (co-produced by Gammaray)
08. "Never There"
10. "Smokin'"
11. "Novel Scratching (feat. DJ ET, and DJ Tanner)"
12. "Yes Yes Yes"
13. "My Only Vice Remix"
14. "Murderous Rage"
Bambu - ...Exact Change...
01. "Make Change"
08. "Seven Months"
14. "Exact Change"
15. "Iron Bam" (co-produced by Bambu)
The CounterParts - Appetizer
03. "Luv What We Do"
04. "Blind"
05. "Breaking Point"
06. "The Hold Up"
07. "Re:Action"
08. "Guns of Wilmas (feat. Bambu)"
10. "Dream Deferred" (co-produced by Gammaray)
ReVision - Forward Progress Mixtape
01. "Forward Progress feat. DJ Krissfader"
09. "Daily Grind feat. C-Los"
2009
Beatrock Presents: Fatgums x Bambu - ...A Peaceful Riot...
01. "Intro"
02. "Peddlin' Music"
03. "Strapped"
04. "Good Clothes"
05. "Listen"
06. "Words from JOMA/Words from TINO (feat. T-Know)"
07. "Gunslinger I"
08. "Gunslinger II"
09. "Won't Walk Away" (co-produced by Gammaray)
The CounterParts - The CounterParts LP
01. "Blast Off"
04. "What We Do"
06. "Guns of Cali (feat. Native Guns)"
10. "Re:Act"
14. "Until"
DJ Phatrick - A Song For Ourselves Mixtape
15. "Divide & Conquer (Fatgums Remix ft. Geologic, Kiwi, & Bambu)"
2010
Rocky Rivera - Rocky Rivera
04. "The Rundown"
Bambu - ...Paper Cuts...
05. "The Queen Is Dead"
Power Struggle - Remittances
01. "Air Out My Lungs"
02. "Traveling Man"
05. "What Goes Up" (co-produced by Mister REY)
06. "Three Basic Problems (feat. Kiwi, Mister REY, BWAN, and Saico)" (co-produced by Mister REY)
07. "Inspired By Dream"
08. "Wash It Away (feat. ET)"
09. "Sunshine (feat. Bambu, Pele, and Tina Shauf)" (co-produced by Mister REY)
10. "Blood of My Heart (feat. Denizen Kane and Big Drew)"
12. "Kill The Vultures"
Fatgums - Gumstrumentals Volume I
2011
Bambu - ...exact change...Reloaded
Disc 1 01. "Make Change"
Disc 1 08. "Seven Months"
Disc 1 14. "Exact Change"
Disc 1 15. "Iron Bam" (co-produced by Bambu)
Disc 2 08. "Jonah's Lament"
Dregs One - The Wake Up Call Mixtape
04. "Think About It"
Prometheus Brown and Bambu - Walk Into A Bar
08. "Lookin' Up"
Otayo Dubb - Cold Piece of Work
01. "Jerry McGuire"
09. "A Lil' More (feat. Bambu)"
2012
Bwan - Living Room
02. "Infinite"
05. "Grindstone"
06. "Lyricists (feat. Akil)"
2013
Patience - Broken Hourglass
8. "City Love"
Bambu - Sun Of A Gun
15. "Sun In A Million"
Rocky Rivera - Gangster of Love
10. "Air Mail"
2014
Power Struggle - In Your Hands
4. "A Round For My Friends"
5. "Live That Life"
6. "Falling From The Sky"
2015
Rocky Rivera - Nom de Guerre
2. "Godsteppin"
5. "Turn You"
Category:Production discographies
Category:Discographies of American artists
Category:Hip-hop discographies
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatgums_production_discography
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.815851
|
25869598
|
2010 Quadrangular Twenty20 Series in Sri Lanka
|
| champions
| count | participants 4
| matches = 6
| attendance | player of the series
| most runs = 127 – Niall O'Brien (IRE)
| most wickets = 11 – Andre Botha (IRE) & <br> Hameed Hasan (AFG)
}}
2010 Quadrangular Twenty20 Series in Sri Lanka was a Twenty20 cricket tournament held in Sri Lanka from 1 to 4 February 2010. The four participating teams were Afghanistan, Canada, Ireland and Sri Lanka A. The matches were played in Colombo.Squads{| class"wikitable"
|-
!
!
!
!
|-
|valign=top|
*Nowroz Mangal (Captain)
*Asghar Afghan
*Dawlat Ahmadzai
*Hameed Hasan
*Karim Sadiq
*Mirwais Ashraf
*Mohammad Nabi
*Mohammad Shahzad (Wicketkeeper)
*Noor Ali
*Obaidullah Kunari
*Raees Ahmadzai
*Samiullah Shenwari
*Shafiqullah Shafiq
*Shapoor Zadran
*Kabir Khan (Coach)
|valign=top|
*Ashish Bagai (Captain/Wicketkeeper)
*Hiral Patel
*Rizwan Cheema
*Harvir Baidwan
*Geoff Barnett
*Trevin Bastiampillai
*Umar Bhatti
*Ian Billcliff
*John Davison
*Sunil Dhaniram
*Sandeep Jyoti
*Shaheed Keshvani
*Khurram Chohan
*Henry Osinde
*Saad Bin Zafar
*Abdool Samad
*Usman Limbada
*Pubudu Dassanayake (Coach)
|valign=top|
*William Porterfield (Captain)
*Andre Botha
*Peter Connell
*Alex Cusack
*George Dockrell
*Trent Johnston
*Nigel Jones
*Gary Kidd
*John Mooney
*Kevin O'Brien
*Niall O'Brien
*Paul Stirling
*Andrew White
*Gary Wilson (Wicketkeeper)
|valign=top|
*Kaushal Silva (Captain/Wicketkeeper)
*Nuwan Pradeep
*Chinthaka Jayasinghe
*Chamara Kapugedera
*Dimuth Karunaratne
*Kosala Kulasekera
*Farveez Maharoof
*Jeewan Mendis
*Tharanga Paranavitana
*Seekkugge Prasanna
*Gihan Rupasinghe
*Sachithra Senanayake
*Milinda Siriwardana
*Isuru Udana
*Mahela Udawatte
*Chaminda Vidanapathirana
|}
Round Robin stage
Points Table
{| class"wikitable" width85%
|-
! width="40"|Pos
! width="120"|Team
! width="40"|P
! width="40"|W
! width="40"|L
! width="40"|NR
! width="40"|T
! width="60"|Points
! width="60"|NRR
! width="150"|For
! width="150"|Against
|- align"center" bgcolor#ccffcc
| 1 ||align"left"||| 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 6 || +2.491 || 447/51.2 || 373/60
|- align="center"
| 2 ||align="left"| || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || +0.366 || 409/60 || 409/52.5
|- align="center"
| 3 ||align="left"| || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || −0.063 || 470/58.1 || 475/58.2
|- align="center" +20
| 4 ||align="left"| || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 2 || −1.363 || 370/59.5 || 439/58.1
|-
|}
Matches
| score1 = 93/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 94/1 (13 overs)
| team2
| runs1 = A Bagai 25 (31)
| wickets1 = S Prasanna 3/13 [4]
| runs2 = TAM Siriwardana 54* (40)
| wickets2 = Khurram Chohan 1/14 [2]
| result = Sri Lanka A won by 9 wickets.
| report = [http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/440213.html Scorecard]
| venue = P Sara Oval, Colombo
| umpires = AG Dissanayake (SL) & ID Gunawardene (SL)
| motm | toss Sri Lanka A won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Points: Sri Lanka A 2, Canada 0.
}}
----
| score1 = 121/9 (20 overs)
| score2 = 124/5 (18.1 overs)
| team2 =
| runs1 = Raees Ahmadzai 33* (36)
| wickets1 = DT Johnston 4/22 [4]
| runs2 = WTS Porterfield 46 (30)
| wickets2 = Karim Sadiq 2/17 [4]
| result = Ireland won by 5 wickets.
| report = [http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/440224.html Scorecard]
| venue = P Sara Oval, Colombo
| umpires = R Martinesz (SL) & TH Wijewardene (SL)
| motm | toss Afghanistan won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = Points: Ireland 2, Afghanistan 0.
}}
----
| score1 = 176/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 172/8 (20 overs)
| team2 =
| runs1 = H Patel 88* (61)
| wickets1 = A Botha 3/35 [4]
| runs2 = NJ O'Brien 50 (34)
| wickets2 = U Bhatti 3/26 [4]
| result = Canada won by 4 runs.
| report = [http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/440218.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo
| umpires = R Martinesz (SL) & TH Wijewardene (SL)
| motm | toss Ireland won the toss and elected to field.
| rain = Points: Canada 2, Ireland 0.
}}
----
| score1 = 175/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 106/8 (20 overs)
| team2 =
| runs1 = ML Udawatte 103* (67)
| wickets1 = Hamid Hassan 3/26 [4]
| runs2 = Mohammad Shahzad 56 (60)
| wickets2 = SMSM Senanayake 2/21 [4]
| result = Sri Lanka A won by 69 runs.
| report = [http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/440225.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo
| umpires = RD Kottahachchi (SL) & MSK Nandiweera (SL)
| motm | toss Sri Lanka A won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = Points: Sri Lanka A 2, Afghanistan 0.
}}
----
| score1 = 140/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 143/3 (19.5 overs)
| team2 =
| runs1 = A Bagai 53 (42)
| wickets1 = Hamid Hassan 2/27 [4]
| runs2 = Karim Sadiq 42 (35)
| wickets2 = HS Baidwan 3/23 [3.5]
| result = Afghanistan won by 5 wickets.
| report = [http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/440219.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo
| umpires = HDPK Dharmasena (SL) & TH Wijewardene (SL)
| motm | toss Canada won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = Points: Afghanistan 2, Canada 0.
}}
----
| score1 = 174/6 (20 overs)
| score2 = 178/5 (18.2 overs)
| team2
| runs1= NJ O'Brien 59 (38)
| wickets1 = CW Vidanapathirana 2/25 [4]
| runs2 = CU Jayasinghe 41* (27)
| wickets2 = AR Cusack 2/43 [3.2]
| result = Sri Lanka A won by 5 wickets.
| report = [http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/440226.html Scorecard]
| venue = Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo
| umpires = ID Gunawardene (SL) & SH Sarathkumara (SL)
| motm | toss Ireland won the toss and elected to bat.
| rain = Points: Sri Lanka A 2, Ireland 0.
}}
References
Category:International cricket competitions in 2010
Category:Sri Lankan cricket seasons from 2000–01
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Quadrangular_Twenty20_Series_in_Sri_Lanka
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.826628
|
25869623
|
Torsten Zuberbier
|
| birth_place = Hamburg (Germany)
| residence | citizenship
| nationality = German
| ethnicity | field Medicine
| work_institutions | alma_mater
| doctoral_advisor | doctoral_students
| known_for | author_abbrev_bot
| author_abbrev_zoo | website https://torsten-zuberbier.net/en/herzlich-willkommen-english/
| influences | influenced
| prizes =
}}
Torsten Zuberbier (born 28 February 1962) is a German dermatologist and allergologist. He is director of the Institute of Allergology at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin . Early life and education
After completing his Abitur (secondary school education) in 1981, Zuberbier studied medicine at Free University of Berlin from 1983 to 1990. From 1990 to 1994, he completed his specialist training in the Department of Dermatology at the Virchow Clinic in Berlin.
Zuberbier received an honorary doctorate from the University of Athens in 2012.
Scientific career
Zuberbier became a senior physician in the Department of Dermatology at the Virchow Clinic in Berlin in 1995 and qualified as a professor in 1996 with his work on the topic of differentiation and functional relations in human mast cells.
In 1996 he was named head of the allergy section at the Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology at the Charité Berlin. In September 2001, he was appointed to an extraordinary professorship. In 2003, he was named to a foundation professorship (level C4) for research on the effects of allergies and in the same year he became head of the European Centre for Allergy Research Foundation (ECARF) at the Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology at the Charité. He has been Director of the Allergie-Centrum-Charité at the Dermatology Clinic in Berlin-Mitte since 2004. He served as co-director of the Clinic for Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology at the Charité before being named its Managing Director in January 2012.
Zuberbier's clinical research focuses on urticaria, neurodermatitis, respiratory and food allergies and allergic rhinitis. He is assistant editor of the Journal of the German Dermatologic Society and a member of the scientific advisory board of the Allergo Journal. Personal life Zuberbier is married and has two children.
Selected publications
* Zuberbier T et al. EAACI/GA²LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: definition, classification and diagnosis of urticarial. Allergy, 2009. 64(10). 1417–1426.
* Zuberbier T et al. EAACI/GA²LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: management of urticarial. Allergy, 2009. 64(10). 1427–1443.
* Bousquet J, Mantzouranis E, Cruz A, Aı¨t-Khaled N, Baena-Cagnani C, Bleecker E, Brightling C, Burney P, Bush C, Busse W, Casale T, Chan-Yeung M, Chen R, Chowdhury B, Chung KF, Dahl R, Drazen J, Fabbri LM, Holgate S, Kauffmann F, Haahtela T, Khaltaev N, Kiley JP, Masjedi MR, Mohammad Y, O’Byrne P, Partridge M, Rabe KF, Togias A, van Weel C, Wenzel S, Zhong N, Zuberbier T. Uniform definition of asthma severity, control, and exacerbations: Document presented for the World Health Organization Consultation on Severe Asthma. JACI, 2010, 126(5). 926–938.
* Zuberbier T et al. How to design and evaluate randomized controlled trials in immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: an ARIA-GA(2) LEN statement. Allergy 2011. Allergy. 2011 Jun;66(6):765-74.
* Novak N, Thaci D, Hoffmann M, Fölster-Holst R, Biedermann T, Homey B, Schaekel K, Stefan JA, Werfel T, Bieber T, Sager A, Zuberbier T. Subcutaneous immunotherapy with a depigmented polymerized birch pollen extract - a new therapeutic option for patients with atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2011;155(3):252-6.
* Zuberbier T. Pharmacologic rationale for the treatment of chronic urticaria with second generation non-sedating antihistamines at higher-than-standard doses. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2011.
* Zuberbier T, Lötvall J, Simoens S, Subramanian SV, Church MK. Economic burden of inadequate management of allergic diseases in the European Union: a GA2LEN review. Allergy 2014; 69: 1275–1279.
Professional affiliations
* [http://www.ga2len.net Global Allergy and Asthma European Network] GA²LEN – Network of Excellence (Secretary General)
* German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) (Member of the Board)
* Member of the Scientific Advisory Board for the Allergy Portal of the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz(BMELV)
* European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), Dermatology Section
* Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) (Board of Directors)
* Communication Council, Special Committee: Allergy Diagnosis, of the World Allergy Organisation (WAO)
References
External links
* [http://www.torsten-zuberbier.de Official Website]
* [http://www.ecarf.org/en/home.html European Centre for Allergy Research Foundation]
* [http://www.ga2len.net/ GA²LEN]
* [http://www.allergie-centrum-charite.de/ Allergie-Centrum-Charité]
Category:1962 births
Category:Living people
Category:German dermatologists
Category:Allergologists
Category:Physicians from Hamburg
Category:Free University of Berlin alumni
Category:Physicians of the Charité
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsten_Zuberbier
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.829318
|
25869626
|
Oļegs
|
Oļegs is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Oļegs Aleksejenko (born 1961), former Latvian international football midfielder
Oļegs Antropovs (born 1947), Latvian former volleyball player
Oļegs Blagonadeždins (born 1973), retired football defender from Latvia
Oļegs Deņisovs (born 1966), Latvian politician
Oļegs Karavajevs (born 1961), former Latvian football goalkeeper
Oļegs Laizāns (born 1987), football midfielder from Latvia
Oļegs Maļuhins (born 1969), Latvian biathlete who retired after the 2006 Turin Olympics
Oļegs Malašenoks (born 1986), Latvian professional footballer
Oļegs Sorokins (born 1974), Latvian professional ice hockey defender
Oļegs Znaroks (born 1963), Latvian former ice hockey player
Category:Latvian masculine given names
Category:Masculine given names
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oļegs
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.829965
|
25869639
|
Aulani
|
| roomnumber = 351 hotel rooms<br />481 Disney Vacation Club Villas, including 21 Grand Villas
| operator = Disney Experiences
| website =
}}
Aulani, a Disney Resort & Spa, is a beachside resort hotel at the Ko Olina Resort in Kapolei, Hawaii, on the island of Oahu. It is one of Disney's "stand-alone" hotel situated in a location without any adjacent theme parks, As of 2018, the resort comprised 351 rooms, which are located in two 15-story towers, and 481 villas, most of which are "2-bedroom-equivalent." In October 2018, the resort had three main dining establishments: Makahiki, Ulu Cafe, and 'AMA'AMA. Additionally, there were smaller outlets for snacks, including the poolside lounge 'Off the Hook'.HistoryThe resort project was announced in October 2007, releasing its name in January 2010. The word ‘Aulani’ in Hawaiian can be loosely translated as "orange" or "with deep messages." When the word is used as a name, it can mean "message from the chief."
With an estimated cost of $800 million, the project aimed to generate about 1,000 jobs at the resort. Disney Vice President Djuan Rivers managed the project, and it was designed by Joe Rohde of Walt Disney Imagineering.
Timeshare sales commenced on July 15, 2010, with room reservations becoming available in August 2010. Nevertheless, on August 12, 2011, Disney suspended Aulani's timeshare sales and terminated three executives, among them Disney Vacation Club president Jim Lewis. This decision was made in response to senior management's recognition that the annual dues had been set too low to adequately cover maintenance costs.
Timeshare sales were later resumed; however, specific sales figures have remained unclear since 2010 due to gaps in published information.
In March 2019, the resort was named "Best Hotels/Accommodations – Luxury Accommodations" in the 2019 aio Media Hawaii Lodging & Tourism Awards.ThemeWalt Disney Imagineering collaborated with Wimberly Allison Tong & Goo, Architects Hawaii Ltd, and cultural experts to design and construct a theme that celebrates the customs and tradition of Hawaii. The company also created an advisory council of Hawaiian elders to ensure authenticity to Hawaiian culture.
A review in 2018 mentioned that "the modus operandi at Aulani is 'Big H, Little D,' as in: big emphasis on Hawaiian traditions and history, with just a little bit of Disney fairy dust sprinkled over the experience." Other reviews specified the Disney influence as including poolside visits by characters, Mickey-shaped foods, and character breakfasts and dinners. Characters that one could meet at the resort included (as of October 2023) Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Daisy Duck, Goofy, Max Goof, Pluto, Chip 'n' Dale, Stitch from Lilo & Stitch, Duffy the Disney Bear, Shellie May, 'Olu Mel and Moana from the eponymous 2016 film. All character and guest interactions were socially distanced during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii. When hiring staff members, candidates with Hawaiian language skills are preferred for all jobs as part of the resort's plan to expose guests to the language of the land.
In July 2019, Forbes published a review by Laura Manske that emphasized the company's extensive use of Hawaiian culture, including art and architecture and the program that exposes youngsters to the "culture, art, and music of Hawaii through interactive play." In her review, Manske commented, "There is a dramatic and sublime sense of place at Aulani, where everything -- from the architecture to the art, activities to cuisine -- connects to a deeper meaning and embraces the people, places, past, present, art, music, dance, and foods of Hawaii. Aulani is not a theme park; it is a hideaway with just enough Disney-orchestrated animation and activity to add rhythm and variety to your vacation days."
Pu‘u Kilo and Water Slides
Pu‘u Kilo is designed as a volcano and consists of two slides: Volcanic Vertical (a body water slide that leads into the Waikolohe Pool) and Tubestone Curl (a tube water slide that ends up in the Waikolohe Stream).ReferencesExternal links
*
Category:2011 establishments in Hawaii
Category:Buildings and structures in Honolulu County, Hawaii
Category:Disney Vacation Club
Category:Hotel buildings completed in 2011
Category:Hotels established in 2011
Category:Hotels in Hawaii
Category:Resorts in Hawaii
Category:Tourist attractions in Honolulu County, Hawaii
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aulani
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.835115
|
25869651
|
Rappbode
|
| source1_elevation
| mouth_location = in the Wendefurth Reservoir into the Bode
| mouth_coordinates
| mouth_elevation | basin_population
| basin_landmarks | progression
| basin_size | discharge1_location
| discharge1_min | discharge1_avg
| discharge1_max | tributaries_right
| tributaries_left | waterbodies Reservoirs: Rappbode Auxiliary Dam, Rappbode Reservoir
| ports | bridges
| custom_label = References
| custom_data | extra
}}
The Rappbode is a right-hand, southwestern tributary of the River Bode in the Harz mountains in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. In its lower reaches it is impounded by the Rappbode Dam, the largest dam in the Harz.
The Rappbode rises east of the B 4 federal road near the Jägerfleck at the junction of the three federal states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. Its source is about southwest of Benneckenstein and southeast of Hohegeiß at an elevation of above sea level. On the opposite side of the B 4 there are numerous source streams of the river Zorge. The Rappbode flows in a mainly northeastern direction through the villages of Benneckenstein and Trautenstein, before it enters the Rappbode Auxiliary Dam and, shortly thereafter, the Rappbode Dam itself. It is united with the Bode further downstream at the Wendefurth Dam downstream.
See also
*List of rivers of Saxony-Anhalt
Category:Rivers of Saxony-Anhalt
Category:Rivers of the Harz
Category:Rivers of Germany
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rappbode
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.837048
|
25869668
|
London Horror Comic
|
London Horror Comic is a British horror comic book anthology. The book is written and published by John-Paul Kamath who founded London Horror Comic Ltd. The London Horror Comic was featured on BBC Radio 4 as part of a documentary about The Gorbals Vampire and interviewed about the history of horror comics.
Publication history
London Horror Comic began as a monthly webcomic in 2006 featuring a series of black and white silent comic strips. These were drawn by artists Cretien Hughes and Lee Ferguson and written by John-Paul Kamath. Prior to starting London Horror Comic, Kamath had been a writer on the US horror title Trailer Park of Terror for six years by Imperium Comics. The comic was later turned into a feature film of the same name.
In August 2006, the London Horror Comic published its first full colour print story as an original comic strip called "Intermission" as a part of the programme guide to the Zone Horror Frightfest Film Festival 2006.
In 2008, London Horror Comic Ltd published the first in a series of full colour print issues with the release of London Horror Comic No. 1. Kamath said some of his main influences behind London Horror Comic were comics like Creepy and Eerie much more so than Tales from the Crypt.
London Horror Comic No. 1 was written by John-Paul Kamath and illustrated by Lee Ferguson (pencils), Marc Deering (inks), Matty Ryan (lettering and design) and Hi-Fi Design (colours) who would become the book's regular team.
Reception
London Horror Comic No. 1 drew praise for its mix of horror and humour. "Laugh out loud funny, like a horror Curb Your Enthusiasm. Kamath shows serious talent," said SFX magazine No. 165.
London Horror Comic No. 2 was published in April 2009 and continued to garner praise. The Girls Entertainment Network said issue had "...dialogue lines you’ll be quoting for days, ironic and cliche-breaking twists that make each story a page-turner, and a perfect balance of humor to top it all off." An advance review by Zone Horror Television in the UK said "London Horror Comic Issue 2 is surely one of the finest anthology collections around."
London Horror Comic No. 3 was printed and made available to buy on-line only from the London Horror Comic website as a 40-page extended issue. Garth Ennis said "Good stuff here from major new talent John-Paul Kamath – far too good, in fact, Enjoy London Horror Comic while you can, because I’m going to have him killed."
Notes
References
External links
Category:British comics titles
Category:Horror comics
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Horror_Comic
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.841603
|
25869681
|
Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey
|
|image = Minnesota Golden Gophers hockey logo.svg
|image_size = 200
|university = University of Minnesota
|sex = women's
|conference = Western Collegiate Hockey Association
|conference_short = WCHA
|division |location Minneapolis
|coach = Brad Frost
|coach_year = 18th
|coach_wins = 494
|coach_losses = 102
|coach_ties 41
|arena = Ridder Arena
|fight_song = Minnesota Rouser
|AWCHAchampion = 2000
|NCAAchampion = 2004, 2005, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016
|NCAArunnerup = 2006, 2014, 2019
|NCAAfrozenfour = 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2023, 2025
|NCAAtourneys = 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025
|conference_tournament = 2002, 2004, 2005, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2018, 2023
|conference_season = 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2019, 2022
|uniform_image = Golden gophers hockey unif.png
}}
The '''Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey''' team plays for the University of Minnesota at the Twin Cities campus in Minneapolis. The team is one of the members of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) and competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in Division I. The Golden Gophers have won six NCAA Championships as well as the final American Women's College Hockey Alliance Championship. In the WCHA, they have also been regular season champions 11 times and tournament champions 8 times. In addition to their overall success as a competitive team, the Gophers have also been ranked in the nation's top two teams for attendance since becoming a varsity sport, and the team holds the second largest single-game attendance record for women's collegiate hockey, drawing 6,854 fans for the first Minnesota women's hockey game on November 2, 1997. The team also holds the distinction of having the longest winning streak in women's or men's college hockey at 62 games from February 17, 2012, to November 17, 2013, winning back-to-back NCAA titles during the stretch.
In 2004–2005, Minnesota also won back-to-back NCAA Championships. Natalie Darwitz was a three-time All American, and three-time finalist for the Patty Kazmaier award. Darwitz left the program with the career scoring mark at Minnesota in three years and set two NCAA single-season record with 114 points (42 Goals, 72 Assists) and most assists in 40 games in her final season. Minnesota Gophers women's hockey players have won the Patty Kazmaier Award three times (Krissy Wendell [2005], Amanda Kessel [2013], and Taylor Heise [2022]), as well as having all three finalists in 2013.
Coaches
The Gophers have had two head coaches to date: Laura Halldorson and Brad Frost. Halldorson was the head coach for eleven years, from the 1997–1998 season to the 2006–2007 season. Her overall coaching record was 278–67–22 with the Gophers, a winning percentage of .787. During that time, the Gophers won four of their WCHA championships and three of their national championships. They averaged 28 wins per season and appeared in eight out of ten national tournaments, reaching seven finals. The Gophers' experienced their best season under Halldorson in 2004–2005 with a 36–2–2 record.
In the 2007–08 season, Brad Frost became the temporary head coach. He had previously been an assistant coach. In his first year as head coach, Frost led the Gophers to a 21-game winning streak, with the season's record ending with 27 wins, 7 losses, and 4 ties but also ended with a conference record of 21–5–2, which ranked second in the WCHA. The Gophers made another NCAA regional appearance and post-season Frost was awarded WCHA Coach of the Year. In the 2008–2009 season, his temporary coaching status was lifted and he was named permanent head coach of the Gophers. That same season he led the Gophers to a record of 32–5–3 and to another WCHA championship. Frost then coached the Gophers into back-to-back NCAA Frozen Four championships in 2012 and 2013, which were encompassed in their 62-game winning streak, including a 41–0–0 record in 2012–13. The Golden Gophers have had a cross-state rivalry with the Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs. The Gophers handed the Bulldogs their first ever conference loss 4–3 in a sold-out game at Pioneer Hall on February 11, 2000.
Team history
Minnesota put its first women's team on the ice in 1997–98. Nadine Muzerall, a Canadian who graduated from Kimball Union Academy in Meriden, New Hampshire, was among its initial recruits.
During the 2004–05 season, Krissy Wendell set an NCAA record (since tied) for most shorthanded goals in one season with 7. After graduating from Minnesota, she had the career record for most shorthanded goals in a career with 16. Both marks have since been tied by Meghan Agosta.
In 2009–10, Noora Räty was just the second freshman to be a finalist for the Patty Kazmaier Memorial Award. Räty led the NCAA in several goaltending categories. She led the NCAA in goals-against average (1.24), save percentage (.951) and shutouts (7), while ranking third in winning percentage (.792). Her won loss record for the year was 17–3–4. In addition, Räty was the WCHA goaltending champion and earned numerous honours including All-WCHA First Team and All-WCHA Rookie Team. During the season, she was named the WCHA Defensive Player of the Week four times and WCHA Rookie of the Week on two occasions. She set a school record for most assists in one season by a goaltender (3). Räty played on national championship teams in 2011–12 and 2012–13. The 2012–13 team finished 41–0–0, and the team won the last 49 games of Räty's career. Räty finished with both the career and single-season record for shutouts.
Minnesota Duluth rivalry
Minnesota Duluth, had been a traditional rival to the Gophers in men's hockey. In 1998, Minnesota Duluth announced that it was going to assemble a women's team for the 1999–2000 season. Duluth gave a three-year, $210,000 contract to Shannon Miller, who coached Canada to the 1998 Olympic final in Nagano. Miller recruited players from Canada, Finland and Sweden, including four Olympians. The rivalry was fuelled when Miller took two players from Minnesota: star forward Jenny Schmidgall, whose 93 points led the nation, and defenseman Brittny Ralph, who would serve as the Bulldogs' captain. In the 1999–2000 season, Duluth would lose just once to the Gophers in their first five meetings, which included a 2–0 Bulldogs victory in the final of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association tournament.
Year to Year
''This is a partial list of the last five seasons completed by the Gophers. For the full season-by-season history, see List of Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey seasons.''
Table key
{|class"wikitable" style"font-size:95%"
|+Key of colors and symbols
!scope="col" |Color/symbol
!scope="col" |Explanation
|-
! scope"row" style"background:#d0e7ff;" |
| National champions
|-
! scope"row" style"background:#cfc;" |
| Conference tournament champions
|-
! scope"row" style"background:#fea;" |
| Conference regular season champions
|}
{|class"wikitable" style"font-size:95%"
|+Key of terms and abbreviations
|-
! scope="col" | Term or abbreviation
! scope="col" | Definition
|-
! scope="row" | W
| Number of wins
|-
! scope="row" | L
| Number of losses
|-
! scope="row" | T
| Number of ties
|-
! scope="row" | OT
| Number of losses in overtime (since the 1999–2000 season)
|-
! scope="row" | Finish
| Final position in conference standings
|-
! scope="row" | Tournament
| Results in conference tournament
|}
Yearly results
{| class"wikitable plainrowheaders" style"text-align: center; font-size: 95%"
|+ Last five year's list of Minnesota Golden Gophers women's ice hockey seasons
|-
! scope"col" rowspan"2" | Season
! scope"col" rowspan"2" | Coach
! colspan="3" | Overall
! colspan="6" | Conference
! scope"col" rowspan"2" | Season Result
|-
! scope="col" | W
! scope="col" | L
! scope="col" | T
!
! scope="col" | W
! scope="col" | L
! scope="col" | T
! scope="col" | Finish
! scope="col" | Tournament
|-
! scope"row" style"text-align:center;" | 2019–20
| Brad Frost
| 27 || 6 || 3
| WCHA
| 17 || 5 || 2 || 2nd
| Won Quarterfinals vs. St Cloud State (4–2, 7–3)<br />Lost Semifinals vs Ohio State (4–3 OT)
| 2020 Tournament canceled due to COVID-19 pandemic
|-
! scope"row" style"text-align:center;" | 2020–21
| Brad Frost
| 11 || 8 || 1
| WCHA
| 11 || 7 || 1 || 4th
| Lost Semifinals vs. Wisconsin (3–5)
| Did not qualify
|-
! scope"row" style"text-align:center;" | 2021–22
| Brad Frost
| 29 || 9 || 1
| WCHA
| 21 || 6 || 1 || style"background: #fea;" | 1st
| Won Quarterfinals vs. St. Thomas <br />Won Semifinals vs. Minnesota-Duluth <br />Lost Championship vs. Ohio State
| Lost Quarterfinals vs. Minnesota-Duluth
|-
! scope"row" style"text-align:center;" | 2022–23
| Brad Frost
| 30 || 6 || 3
| style"background: #dfd;" | WCHA
| 22 || 3 || 3 || 2nd
| style"background:#dfd;" | Won Quarterfinals vs. St. Thomas <br />Won Semifinals vs. Wisconsin <br />Won Championship vs. Ohio State
| Won Semifinals vs. Minnesota-Duluth <br />Lost Frozen Four vs. Wisconsin
|-
! scope"row" style"text-align:center;" | 2023–24
| Brad Frost
| 27 || 10 || 2
| WCHA
| 19 || 7 || 2 || 3rd
| Won Quarterfinals vs. Minnesota State <br />Lost Semifinals vs. Wisconsin
| Lost Quarterfinals vs. Clarkson
|}
Notes
* Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020–21 season was shortened to 19 regular season games, all within the WCHA conference.
Championships
National
* 2000 – American Women's College Hockey Alliance championship
* 2004 – NCAA championship
* 2005 – NCAA championship
* 2012 – NCAA championship
* 2013 – NCAA championship
* 2015 – NCAA championship
* 2016 – NCAA championship
Conference
Western Collegiate Hockey Association Women's Regular Season Champions
::*2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2019, 2022
Western Collegiate Hockey Association Women's Tournament Champions
::*2002, 2004, 2005, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2018, 2023
Current roster
<small>As of July 29, 2024.</small>
<section endroster />Captains{| class"wikitable" style="width: 80%; text-align: center"
|-
|-
| 1997–98 || Julie Otto, Kris Scholz
|-
| 1998–99 || Amber Hegland, Kris Scholz
|-
| 1999–00 || Shannon Kennedy, Kris Scholz
|-
| 2000–01 || Tracy Engstrom, Kris Scholz
|-
| 2001–02 || Tracy Engstrom, Laura Slominski
|-
| 2002–03 || Ronda Curtin, Kelsey Bills, Winny Brodt
|-
| 2003–04 || Kelsey Bills, La Toya Clarke
|-
| 2004–05 || Kelly Stephens, Krissy Wendell
|-
| 2005–06 || Andrea Nichols, Chelsey Brodt, Bobbi Ross
|-
| 2006–07 || Andrea Nichols, Bobbi Ross
|-
| 2007–08 || Bobbi Ross, Whitney Graft
|-
| 2008–09 || Melanie Gagnon, Gigi Marvin
|-
| 2009–10 || Michelle Maunu, Brittany Francis, Emily West, Terra Rasmussen
|-
| 2010–11 || Emily West, Terra Rasmussen, Sarah Erickson, Jen Schoullis, Anne Schleper
|-
| 2011–12 || Sarah Erickson, Jen Schoullis
|-
| 2012–13 || Megan Bozek, Bethany Brausen
|-
| 2013–14 || Bethany Brausen, Sarah Davis, Baylee Gillanders, Kelly Terry
|-
| 2014–15 || Rachel Ramsey, Rachael Bona, Meghan Lorence, Lee Stecklein
|-
| 2015–16 || Hannah Brandt, Lee Stecklein
|-
| 2016–17 || Lee Stecklein, Dani Cameranesi, Kate Schipper
|-
| 2017–18 || Sydney Baldwin, Cara Piazza
|-
| 2018–19 || Kelly Pannek
|-
| 2019–20 || Patti Marshall
|-
| 2020–21 || Emily Brown, Grace Zumwinkle
|-
| 2021–22 || Emily Brown, Olivia Knowles
|-
| 2022–23 || Abigail Boreen, Taylor Heise, Gracie Ostertag, Grace Zumwinkle
|-
| 2023–24 || Peyton Hemp
|-
| 2024–25 || Peyton Hemp, Abbey Murphy, Ella Huber, Nelli Laitinen
|}
Olympians
{| class"wikitable" style"width: 80%"
|+ Gopher players who have participated in the women's ice hockey tournament at the Winter Olympic Games
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | Player
! scope="col" | Result
|-
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"4" | 2002
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"4" | United States
| Natalie Darwitz || rowspan"4" style"text-align: center;" |
|-
| Courtney Kennedy
|-
| Lyndsay Wall
|-
| Krissy Wendell
|-
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"6" | 2006
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"5" | United States
| Natalie Darwitz || rowspan"5" style"text-align: center;" |
|-
| Courtney Kennedy
|-
| Kelly Stephens
|-
| Lyndsay Wall
|-
| Krissy Wendell (Captain)
|-
! scope="row" | Finland
| Noora Räty || style="text-align: center;" | 4th
|-
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"3" | 2010
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"2" | United States
| Natalie Darwitz || rowspan"2" style"text-align: center;" |
|-
| Gigi Marvin
|-
! scope="row" | Finland
| Noora Räty || style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"7" | 2014
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"5" | United States
| Megan Bozek || rowspan"5" style"text-align: center;" |
|-
| Amanda Kessel
|-
| Gigi Marvin
|-
| Anne Schleper
|-
| Lee Stecklein
|-
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"2" | Finland
| Mira Jalosuo || rowspan"2" style"text-align: center;" | 5th
|-
| Noora Räty
|-
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"8" | 2018
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"6" | United States
| Hannah Brandt || rowspan"6" style"text-align: center;" |
|-
| Dani Cameranesi
|-
| Amanda Kessel
|-
| Gigi Marvin
|-
| Kelly Pannek
|-
| Lee Stecklein
|-
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"2" | Finland
| Mira Jalosuo || rowspan"2" style"text-align: center;" |
|-
| Noora Räty
|-
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"10" | 2022
! scope"rowgroup" rowspan"8" | United States
| Megan Bozek || rowspan"8" style"text-align: center;" |
|-
| Hannah Brandt
|-
| Dani Cameranesi
|-
| Amanda Kessel
|-
| Abbey Murphy
|-
| Kelly Pannek
|-
| Lee Stecklein
|-
| Grace Zumwinkle
|-
! scope="row" | Finland
| Nelli Laitinen || style="text-align: center;" |
|-
! scope="row" | Sweden
| Josefin Bouveng || style="text-align: center;" | –
|}
Source: Awards and honorsGolden Gophers in elite hockey leagues
{|
|-
|style="background-color:#FFFF99; border:1px solid #aaa; width:2em;"|
|= CWHL All-Star
|style="background-color:#FFCC00; border:1px solid #aaa; width:2em;"|
|= NWHL All-Star
|style="background-color:#FBCEB1; border:1px solid #aaa; width:2em;"|
|= Clarkson Cup Champion
|style="background-color:#CCFFCC; border:1px solid #aaa; width:2em;"|
|= Isobel Cup Champion
|style="background-color:#CF9FFF; border:1px solid #aaa; width:2em;"|
|= Walter Cup Champion
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|
| D
| EHV Sabres Wien<br />Minnesota Whitecaps
| EWHL<br />PHF
|
|
|
|- bgcolor="#CF9FFF"
|
| G
| PWHL Minnesota
| PWHL
|
|
| 1 (2024)
|- bgcolor="#CF9FFF"
|
| F
| PWHL Minnesota<br />Montreal Victoire
| PWHL
|
|
| 1 (2024)
|- bgcolor="#FBCEB1"
|
| D
| Toronto Furies<br />Buffalo Beauts<br />Markham Thunder<br />Dream Gap Tour<br />KRS Vanke Rays
| CWHL<br />PHF<br />CWHL<br />PWHPA<br />ZhHL
| 1 (2018)
| 1 (2017)
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|
| F
| Minnesota Whitecaps <br />Dream Gap Tour<br />PWHL Boston
| PHF<br />PWHPA<br />PWHL
|
| 1 (2019)
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|
| D
| Minnesota Whitecaps
| WWHL, PHF
| 1 (2010)
| 1 (2019)
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|
| D
| Minnesota Whitecaps
| WWHL, PHF
| 1 (2010)
| 1 (2019)
|
|-
|
| D
| PWHL Boston
| PWHL
|
|
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|
| D
| Buffalo Beauts
| PHF
|
| 1 (2017)
|
|-
|
| F
| Buffalo Beauts<br />Dream Gap Tour
| PHF<br />PWHPA
|
|
|
|-
|
| F/D
| Minnesota Whitecaps
| PHF
|
|
|
|- bgcolor="#FBCEB1"
|
| F
| Calgary Inferno
| CWHL
| 1 (2016)
|
|
|- bgcolor="#CF9FFF"
|
| F
| PWHL Minnesota
| PWHL
|
|
| 1 (2024)
|- bgcolor="#FFCC00"
|
| F
| Metropolitan Riveters<br />Dream Gap Tour
| PHF<br />PWHPA
|
|
|
|-
|
| D
| Minnesota Whitecaps<br />PWHL Toronto
| PHF<br />PWHL
|
|
|
|- bgcolor="#FBCEB1"
|
| F
| Boston Blades<br />Dream Gap Tour
| CWHL<br />PWHPA
| 1 (2015)
|
|
|- bgcolor="#CF9FFF"
|
| G
| Buffalo Beauts<br />Minnesota Whitecaps<br />PWHL Minnesota
| PHF<br />PHF<br />PWHL
|
| 2 (2017, 2019)
| 1 (2024)
|-
|
| F
| Minnesota Whitecaps
| PHF
|
|
|
|-
|
| D
| Brynäs IF<br />Minnesota Whitecaps
| SDHL<br />PHF
|
|
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|
| D
| Boston Blades<br />Boston Pride<br />Dream Gap Tour<br />PWHL Boston
| CWHL<br />PHF<br />PWHPA<br />PWHL
| 2 (2013, 2015)
| 1 (2016)
|
|-
|
| D
| Metropolitan Riveters
| PHF
|
|
|
|-
|
| F
| Minnesota Whitecaps
| WWHL
|
|
|
|-
|
| F
| PWHL New York
| PWHL
|
|
|
|- bgcolor="#CF9FFF"
|
| F
| Dream Gap Tour<br />PWHL Minnesota
| PWHPA<br />PWHL
|
|
|
|-
|
| F
| Dream Gap Tour
| PWHPA
|
|
|
|- bgcolor="#FFFF99"
|
| G
| Kiekko-Vantaa<br />Kunlun Red Star WIH<br />KRS Vanke Rays
| Mestis<br />CWHL<br />CWHL, ZhHL
|
|
|
|-
|
| F
| EHV Sabres Wien
| EWHL
|
|
|
|-
|
| F
| TPS
| Liiga
|
|
|
|-
|
| F
| Minnesota Whitecaps
| WWHL
|
|
|
|-
|
| F
| Minnesota Whitecaps<br />Dream Gap Tour
| PHF<br />PWHPA
|
|
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|
| F
| Minnesota Whitecaps
| PHF
|
| 1 (2019)
|
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
|
| D
| Buffalo Beauts
| PHF
|
| 1 (2017)
|
|-
|
| G
| Dream Gap Tour
| PWHPA
|
|
|
|- bgcolor="#CF9FFF"
|
| D
| Minnesota Whitecaps<br/>Dream Gap Tour<br />PWHL Minnesota
| PHF<br/>PWHPA<br />PWHL
|
| 1 (2019)
| 1 (2024)
|- bgcolor="#FFFF99"
|
| F
| Toronto Furies
| CWHL
|
|
|
|-
|
| F
| Mad Dogs Mannheim<br/>Minnesota Whitecaps
| Bundesliga<br/>PHF
|
|
|
|- bgcolor="#CF9FFF"
|
| F
| PWHL Minnesota
| PWHL
|
|
| 1 (2024)
|}
See also
* List of college women's ice hockey career coaching wins leaders (Brad Frost and Laura Halldorson both rank in the top 20 all-time)
References
External links
|afterConnecticut Huskies women's basketball}}
Category:College ice hockey teams in Minnesota
Category:Ice hockey clubs established in 1997
Category:1997 establishments in Minnesota
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers_women's_ice_hockey
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.908867
|
25869691
|
Beller
|
Beller is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Bryan Beller (born 1971), American bass guitarist
Hava Kohav Beller, German-born filmmaker
Kathleen Beller (born 1956), American actress
Marty Beller (born 1967), American musician and songwriter
Mary Linn Beller (1933–2000), American child actress
Thomas Beller (born 1965), American author and editor
William Beller (1900–1986), American concert pianist and music professor
See also
Bellers, another surname
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beller
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.909928
|
25869703
|
Take It Easy Hospital
|
| current_members = Ash Koosha<br>Negar
| past_members =
}}
Take It Easy Hospital was a London-based duo from Iran. Formed by singer and producer Ash Koosha a.k.a. Ashkan Kooshanejad and singer-songwriter Negar Shaghaghi in Tehran.
Their first single demo song Human Jungle was recorded in July 2008 as a single from the follow-up EP "Human Jungle" leading them to record the Singles "My Sleepy Fall" and "Chasing The Sun".
The two starred in the award-winning fiction-documentary film No One Knows About Persian Cats by Iranian director Bahman Ghobadi in 2009. The film which was made without a permit follows their story trying to find live members to play in some festivals in the UK. Due to the film's success and the post election turmoil during the summer of 2009 in Iran, Kooshanejad, Shaghaghi and Ghobadi were forced to ask for asylum and have not been able to return since.Filmography* No One Knows About Persian Cats (2009)Discography"No one knows about persian cats (original soundtrack)" (2010)
Four of Take It Easy Hospital's songs are on the soundtrack from the film No One Knows About Persian Cats, being released worldwide over 2010.
* "Human Jungle"
* "Scenarios and Starlights"
* "Me and You"
* "My Sleepy Fall"
"Human Jungle" EP (2008) (Digital Album)
References
External links
* http://www.takeiteasyhospital.co.uk/
Category:Iranian indie rock groups
Category:Iranian musical duos
Category:Musical groups from Tehran
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_It_Easy_Hospital
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.912030
|
25869705
|
Shanti Devi
|
| birth_place = Delhi, India
| death_date
| death_place | nationality Indian
| occupation | known_for Alleged reincarnation
}}
Shanti Devi (11 December 1926 – 27 December 1987), known as Lugdi Devi (18 January 1902 – 4 October 1925) in her alleged past life, was an Indian woman who claimed to remember her previous life and became the subject of reincarnation research. A commission set up by the Indian political leader Mahatma Gandhi supported her claim, while another report by researcher Bal Chand Nahata disputed it. Subsequently, several other researchers interviewed her, and published articles and books about her.
Reincarnation claim
Shanti Devi was born in Delhi, India. As a young girl, she began to claim that she remembered details of a past life. According to these accounts, when she was about four years old, she told her parents that her real home was in Mathura where her husband lived, about 145km from her home in Delhi.
Discouraged by her parents, she fled from home at the age of six, attempting to reach Mathura. Back home, she unequivocally stated in school that she was married and had died ten days after giving birth to a child. Interviewed by her teacher and headmaster, she used words from the Mathura dialect and divulged the name of her merchant husband, "Kedarnath Chaube". The headmaster managed to locate a merchant by the name of Kedar Nath in Mathura who had lost his wife, Lugdi Devi, nine years earlier, ten days after having given birth to a son. Kedar Nath travelled to Delhi, pretending to be his brother, but Shanti Devi immediately recognized him and Lugdi Devi's son. As she knew several details of Kedar Nath's life with his wife, he was soon convinced that Shanti Devi was indeed the reincarnation of Lugdi Devi.
Two further reports were written at the time. The report by Bal Chand Nahata was published as a Hindi booklet by the name Punarjanma Ki Paryalochana. In this, he stated that "Whatever material that has come before us, does not warrant us to conclude that Shanti Devi has former life recollections or that this case proves reincarnation".See also*Reincarnation research Further reading
* Sture Lönnerstrand, Shanti Devi: En berättelse om reinkarnation. Täby: Larson, 1994. Translated in English as [https://archive.org/details/ihavelivedbefore00stur I Have Lived Before: The True Story of the Reincarnation of Shanti Devi]. Huntsville, Arkansas: Ozark Mountain Publishers, 1998.
* Patrice Van Eersel, "L'incroyable histoire de Shanti Devi." In Enquête sur la réincarnation. Albin Michel, 2009.
* K.S. Rawat and T. Rivas. Reincarnation as a Scientific Concept: Scholarly Evidence for Past Lives. White Crow Books, 2021.
References
Category:1926 births
Category:20th-century Indian people
Category:1987 deaths
Category:Reincarnation
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanti_Devi
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.914660
|
25869710
|
List of motorcycles in the National Motor Museum, Beaulieu
|
List of motorcycles in the National Motor Museum, Beaulieu in the U.K..
Make & Model Displacement Year Country Top Speed Cylinders ABC Skootamota 1920 United Kingdom n/a 1 AJS 7R 1958 Aprilia RS250 2001 Ariel 4F 1931 Ariel Chopper 1954 Ariel Leader 1959 Ariel Tricycle 1898 Ascot-Pullin Utility De Luxe 1930 BAT 5/6HP With Sidecar 1913 Benelli 750 Sei 1978 BMW R50 with Steib Sidecar 1957 Brockhouse Corgi 1949 Brough Superior 11.50 Special Combination 1936 BSA B25 2HP 1925 BSA Bantam D1 1949 BSA Gold Star 1956 BSA M21 1960 BSA S28 OHV 1928 Coventry-Eagle B33 1926 Douglas Model R 1913 Douglas Vespa 152/L2 1959 Douglas with Dixon Banking Sidecar 1923 Ducati 996 1995 Ducati Hejira Formula 2 (Ducati 999RS) 1983 Ducati Racer - Gregorio Lavilla 2006 Ducati Racer - John Reynolds 2001 Ducati Racer - Koji Haga 2004 Ducati Racer - Michael Rutter 2002 Ducati Racer - Neil Hodgson 2000 Ducati Racer - Niall MacKenzie 2000 Ducati Racer - Paul Marra Brown 2001 Ducati Racer - Sean Emmett 2001 Ducati Racer - Steve Hislop 2000 Durkopp Diana 1957 Elstar JAP Grasstrack 1948 Greeves Hawkstone 1961 Harley-Davidson 11HP 1915 Harley-Davidson 42 WLC 1942 Harris Honda CBR600 - Joey Dunlop 1997 Honda CB750KO 1970 Japan Honda RC 162 1961 Japan Kawasaki Factory Racer 1975 Kawasaki H2R Factory Randy Hall Special 1972 Lambretta B 1948 Lambretta 150 LD 1957 Matchless 2½HP 1905 Stafford Mobile Pup Auto Scooter 1919 United Kingdom 1 Motosacoche 2½HP 1913 Switzerland MV Agusta 750 Sport 1976 Italy Ner-A-Car 1921 United Kingdom Norton BS 1912 United Kingdom Norton 16H 1942 United Kingdom Norton 30M Manx 1960 Norton 650SS 1962 Norton Commando 1975 Norton Prototype 1953 Norton-Watsonian 1949 NSU 3HP 1906 Perks and Birch Autowheel 1899 Peters 2¾HP 1924 Rotrax Jap Speedway 1950 Royal Enfield 3HP 1914 Royal Enfield Crusader 1959 Royal Enfield Experimental 1919 Royal Enfield Prototype Army Mod 1945 Rudge-Whitworth 1928 Sunbeam Standard Model 3 1924 Triumph 2½HP 1903 Triumph 3TW 1940 Triumph 5T Speed Twin 1948 Triumph 6T Thunderbird 1949 BSA Rocket 3/Triumph Trident 1972 Triumph Twenty One (3TA) 1962 Velocette LE Mk.III 1969 Velocette Venom Thruxton Veeline 1965 Welbike 1942 Wooler 1920 Yamaha 195cc 1972 Zenith 3½HP 1912
Notes
Category:Motorcycle museums in the United Kingdom
Category:Lists of motorcycles
Category:Technology collections
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_motorcycles_in_the_National_Motor_Museum,_Beaulieu
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.946162
|
25869733
|
Reloaded (Rascalz album)
|
}}
Reloaded is the fourth studio album by Canadian hip hop group Rascalz, released in 2002. The album debuted at #22 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The single was also a success in Germany reaching #14 on the German Black Music Chart. Reloaded was among the top 30 best-selling rap albums in Canada in 2002 and the third best-selling rap album of the year by a Canadian rap artist.
Track listing
# "Intro"
# "Jungle"
# "Crazy World" (feat. Notch and Sazon Diamonte)
# "Stop Drop"
# "One Shot" (feat. K-os)
# "Warrior" (feat. Notch)
# "Dun Did It" (feat. IRS & Tara Chase)
# "Interlude"
# "Movie Star"
# "Flithy" (feat. Checkmate & Concise)
# "Clash (We Don't Play)" (feat. Sugar Prince & Jah-Fus)
# "Fiyah!" (feat. East Juvi & Kardinal Offishall)
# "Send Fi Dem"
# "Hit Em Up" (feat. Kardinal Offishall, Solitair & YLook)
# "Respect It" (feat. Mag-T from Grimmi Grimmi)
# "Murderah" (feat. Jah-Fus)
# "Politricks (Outro)"
Year-end charts
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
!Chart (2002)
!Position
|-
! scope"row"|Canadian R&B Albums (Nielsen SoundScan)
|align="center"| 55
|-
! scope"row"|Canadian Rap Albums (Nielsen SoundScan)
|align="center"|30
|}
References
Category:2002 albums
Category:Albums produced by Tone Mason
Category:Rascalz albums
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reloaded_(Rascalz_album)
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.949423
|
25869736
|
Greyhound Rock State Marine Conservation Area
|
thumb|View of Greyhound Rock Beach, part of the Greyhound Rock State Marine Conservation Area
Greyhound Rock State Marine Conservation Area (SMCA) is one of two adjoining marine protected areas off the coast of San Mateo County and Santa Cruz County, on California's central coast. The area is approximately south of San Francisco. The SMCA is . Within the SMCA fishing and take of all living marine resources is prohibited except the recreational take of giant kelp, squid, salmon, and other finfish, subject to various conditions. Also permitted is the commercial take of giant kelp, salmon, and
squid, subject to various conditions.
History
Greyhound Rock State Marine Conservation Area was established in September 2007 by the California Department of Fish & Game. It was one of 29 marine protected areas adopted during the first phase of the Marine Life Protection Act Initiative. The Marine Life Protection Act Initiative (or MLPAI) is a collaborative public process to create a statewide network of marine protected areas along the California coastline.
Geography and natural features
thumb|View of Greyhound Rock Beach, part of the SMCA
Greyhound Rock SMCA is adjacent to Ano Nuevo State Park. Año Nuevo State Marine Conservation Area adjoins the site to the north.
This marine protected area is bounded by the mean high tide line, the offshore boundary of and straight lines connecting the following points in the order listed except where noted:
thence southward along the offshore boundary of to
and
.
Habitat and wildlife
thumb|200px|Elephant seals at Año Nuevo during the mating season in early February
Point Año Nuevo is used by thousands of breeding seabirds and marine mammals and supports a world-famous elephant seal haul out and breeding ground. The waters surrounding the point attract a concentration of great white sharks and include documented “hotspots” for depleted canary rockfish. Threatened marbled murrelets rest on shore and forage in the lee of the point.
Greyhound Rock SMCA provides habitat for a variety of marine life, and includes rocky intertidal, sandy beach, estuary, offshore rocks and islands, shale reef, bull kelp and giant kelp forest.
Recreation and nearby attractions
The adjacent Ano Nuevo State Reserve and Ano Nuevo State Park have extensive docent programs (including docent lead tours to the elephant seal colony during the months of December through March in Ano Nuevo State Reserve), outreach and interpretive facilities, parking, and an on-site ranger presence to assist with management and enforcement.
California's marine protected areas encourage recreational and educational uses of the ocean. Activities such as kayaking, diving, snorkeling, and swimming are allowed unless otherwise restricted.
Public coastal access in the Greyhound Rock SMCA includes Greyhound Rock Beach and the northern edge of Scott's Creek Beach.
Scientific monitoring
As specified by the Marine Life Protection Act, select marine protected areas along California's central coast are being monitored by scientists to track their effectiveness and learn more about ocean health. Similar studies in marine protected areas located off of the Santa Barbara Channel Islands have already detected gradual improvements in fish size and number.
Local scientific and educational institutions involved in the monitoring include Stanford University's Hopkins Marine Station, University of California Santa Cruz, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo. Research methods include hook-and-line sampling, intertidal and scuba diver surveys, and the use of Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) submarines.
References
External links
California MPA information
Marine Life Protection Act Initiative
CalOceans
Category:Marine sanctuaries in California
Category:California Department of Fish and Wildlife areas
Category:Protected areas of San Mateo County, California
Category:Protected areas of Santa Cruz County, California
Category:Protected areas established in 2007
Category:2007 establishments in California
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greyhound_Rock_State_Marine_Conservation_Area
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.953630
|
25869744
|
Scyllarides
|
| image = Scyllarides latus.jpg
| image_caption = Scyllarides latus
| taxon = Scyllarides
| authority = Gill, 1898
| type_species = Scyllarus aequinoctialis
| type_species_authority Lund, 1793
}}
Scyllarides is a genus of slipper lobsters.
Characteristics
Scyllarides is placed in the subfamily Arctidinae, which is differentiated from other subfamilies by the presence of multiarticulated exopods on all three maxillipeds, and a three-segmented palp on the mandible. The only other genus in the subfamily, Arctides, is distinguished by having a more highly sculptured carapace, with an extra spine behind each eye, and a transverse groove on the first segment of the abdomen.
Taxonomic history
In 1849, Wilhem de Haan divided the genus Scyllarus into two genera, Scyllarus and Arctus, but made the error of including the type species of Scyllarus in the genus Arctus. This was first recognised by the ichthyologist Theodore Gill in 1898, who synonymised Arctus with Scyllarus, and erected a new genus Scyllarides to hold the species that De Haan had placed in Scyllarus.SpeciesScyllarides comprises the following extant species:
*Scyllarides aequinoctialis <small>(Lund, 1793)</small>
*Scyllarides astori <small>Holthuis, 1960</small>
*Scyllarides brasiliensis <small>Rathbun, 1906</small>
*Scyllarides deceptor <small>Holthuis, 1963</small>
*Scyllarides delfosi <small>Holthuis, 1960</small>
*Scyllarides elisabethae <small>(Ortmann, 1894)</small>
*Scyllarides haanii <small>(De Haan, 1841)</small>
*Scyllarides herklotsii <small>(Herklots, 1851)</small>
*Scyllarides latus <small>(Latreille, 1802)</small>
*Scyllarides nodifer <small>(Stimpson, 1866)</small>
*Scyllarides obtusus <small>Holthuis, 1993</small>
*Scyllarides roggeveeni <small>Holthuis, 1967</small>
*Scyllarides squammosus <small>(H. Milne-Edwards, 1837)</small>
*Scyllarides tridacnophaga <small>Holthuis, 1967</small>
In addition, two extinct species of Scyllarides are known from the Eocene of Europe:
*Scyllarides bolcensis <small>de Angeli & Garassino, 2008</small>
*Scyllarides tuberculatus <small>(König, 1825)</small> References
Category:Achelata
Category:Extant Ypresian first appearances
Category:Decapod genera
pl:Łopaciarz
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scyllarides
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.958502
|
25869751
|
Goller
|
Goller or Göller may refer to:
People
Andreas Goller (born 1976), Italian sports manager and entrepreneur
Benjamin Goller (born 1999), German footballer
Christian Goller (born 1943), German painter and art restorer currently under investigation regarding paintings attributed to Lucas Cranach the Elder
Gottlieb Göller (1935–2004), German football player and manager
Josef Goller (1868–1947), German designer and stained-glass artist
Karl Heinz Göller (1924–2009), German medievalist
Manuela Goller (born 1971), German former footballer
Sara Goller (born 1983), German beach volleyball player
Thomas Goller (born 1977), German hurdler
Places
Göller, Sungurlu, Çorum Province, Turkey
Göller, Çayırlı, Erzincan Province, Turkey
Göller, Hınıs, Erzurum Province, Turkey
Göller, Üzümlü, Erzincan Province, Turkey
Other uses
Brauerei Göller, a German craft brewery
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goller
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.959379
|
25869756
|
Lim Lip Eng
|
}}
| honorific-suffix
| image| caption
| constituency_MP = Kepong
| parliament = Malaysian
| term_start = 9 May 2018
| term_end | predecessor Tan Seng Giaw <br> (PH–DAP)
| successor | majority 51,628 (2018) <br> 61,081 (2022)
| constituency_MP1 = Segambut
| parliament1 = Malaysian
| term_start1 = 8 March 2008
| term_end1 = 9 May 2018
| predecessor1 = Tan Kee Kwong <br> (BN–GERAKAN)
| successor1 = Hannah Yeoh Tseow Suan <br> (PH–DAP)
| majority1 = 7,732 (2008) <br> 19,199 (2013)
| birth_name = Lim Lip Eng
| birth_date
| birth_place = Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| residence | death_date
| death_place | party Democratic Action Party (DAP)
| otherparty = Pakatan Rakyat (PR) <br> <br> Pakatan Harapan (PH) <br>
| occupation = Politician
| profession = Lawyer
| relations | spouse
| children | website
| footnotes =
}}
Lim Lip Eng (; born 25 July 1972) is a Malaysian politician and lawyer who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Kepong since May 2018. He served as the MP for Segambut from March 2008 to May 2018. He is a member and Secretary of Kuala Lumpur of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) and formerly Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions.
Early career
Lim is a lawyer by profession. Political career Lim was first elected to Parliament in the 2008 election winning the seat of Segambut from the governing Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. Segambut had previously been considered as a BN stronghold. The election saw urban Chinese and Indian voters swarm to the DAP and its coalition allies; however, given the large minority of Malay voters in Segambut, Lim's victory was also attributable to a sizeable number of Muslim Malays in the constituency backing the DAP, a secular party with few Malay members or politicians. In the 2013 election he re-elected to the Segambut seat for second term.Election results{| class"wikitable" style="margin:0.5em ; font-size:95%"
|+ Parliament of Malaysia
!|Year
!|Constituency
!colspan=2|Candidate
!|Votes
!|Pct
!colspan=2|Opponent(s)
!|Votes
!|Pct
!|Ballot cast
!|Majority
!|Turnout
|-
|2008
|rowspan=2|P117 Segambut
| |
| (DAP)
|align="right" |25,046
|59.13%
| |
|Ma Woei Chyi (Gerakan)
|align="right" |17,314
|40.87%
|43,531
|7,732
|72.93%
|-
|2013
| |
| (DAP)
|align="right" |41,383
|65.10%
| |
|Jayanthi Devi Balaguru (Gerakan)
|align="right" |22,184
|34.90%
|64,052
|19,199
|84.69%
|-
|2018
|rowspan=5|P114 Kepong
| |
| (DAP)
|align="right" |56,516
|92.04%
| |
|Ong Siang Liang (Gerakan)
|align="right" | 4,888
|align=right|7.96%
|61,812
|51,628
|85.03%
|-
|rowspan=4|2022
|rowspan=4 |
|rowspan=4| (DAP)
|rowspan4 align"right" |64,308
|rowspan=4|88.92%
| |
|Yap Zheng Hoe (MCA)
|align="right" |3,227
|align=right|4.46%
| rowspan=4|72,657
| rowspan=4|61,081
| rowspan=4|77.06%
|-
|bgcolor= |
|Phang Jing Fatt (Gerakan)
|align="right" |2,795
|align=right|3.86%
|-
| |
|Yee Poh Ping (IND)
|align="right" |1,461
|align=right|2.02%
|-
| |
|Young Shang Yi (WARISAN)
|align="right" |528
|align=right|0.73%
|}
Honours
* :
** Recipient of the 17th Yang di-Pertuan Agong Installation Medal (2024)
References
Category:1972 births
Category:Living people
Category:Democratic Action Party (Malaysia) politicians
Category:Kuala Lumpur politicians
Category:Malaysian Christians
Category:20th-century Malaysian lawyers
Category:Malaysian politicians of Chinese descent
Category:Malaysian people of Hokkien descent
Category:21st-century Malaysian lawyers
Category:Malaysian MPs 2008–2013
Category:Malaysian MPs 2013–2018
Category:Malaysian MPs 2018–2022
Category:Malaysian MPs 2022–
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lim_Lip_Eng
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.968571
|
25869758
|
Sante D'Orazio
|
}}
| website =
}}
'''Sante D'Orazio''' (born January 23, 1956) is an American photographer. D'Orazio exhibited in the Kunsthaus Munich, Kunsthauswien Vienna, the L.A. County Museum, Kahmann Gallery (Amsterdam), Stellan Holm Gallery (New York), Cameraworks Gallery (Berlin) Hilario Galguera Gallery (Mexico City), and NRW Forum in Düsseldorf. His publications include: A Private View, ''Sante D'Orazio Photographs, Pam: American Icon, Katlick School, Gianni and Donatella, and Barely Private.
Books
*A Private View. Penguin Books, 1998. . Photographs and diary pages covering his photography career.
*Sante D'Orazio Photographs. Arena Editions, 2000. Photographs from his professional and personal work.
*Pam: American Icon. Schirmer/Mosel, 2005. . Photographs of Pamela Anderson
*Katlick School. teNeues, 2006.
*Gianni and Donatella. teNeues, 2007.
*Barely Private - A Diary Book 1997-Present. Taschen, 2009.
Exhibitions
*2010 Scratch This, Hiliario Galuera Gallery, Leipzig, Germany (solo) In Dialogue, Anonymous Gallery/Collective Hardware, New York, NY (catalog).
*2009 Barely Private, Milk Gallery, New York, NY (solo) Scratch This / A Film, Paradise Row Gallery, Frieze Art Fair, London.
*2008 Pam: American Icon, Alain Noirhomme Galerie, Belgium Double Cross, NRW Forum, Duesseldorf, Germany Gianni and Donatella, Orvieto, Italy Untitled, Hilario Gaguera Gallery, San Rafael, Mexico.
*2007 Katlick School, Stellan Holm Gallery, New York, NY.
*2006 Pam: American Icon, Kunsthausewien, Vienna, Austria.
*2005 Pamela Anderson: Icon, Kunstaus, Munich, Germany Pamela Andersion: Icon, Stellan Holm Gal- lery, New York, NY.
*2004 Pixels, Stellan Holm Gallery, New York, NY.
*2003 Rolling Stones, Cameraworks Gallery, Berlin, Germany.''
Personal life
D'Orazio was married to fashion model Kara Young from 1994 to 1998. They had one son together, Nickola, also a photographer. Quotes
<blockquote>"Everybody has a different approach to it, but I always tell people: learn how to stop thinking. Once you start thinking with the camera in your hand, you’ve lost the picture. If you had time to think, the picture’s gone."
– Sante D'Orazio, In a 2023 interview with [https://thetrops.com/an-interview-with-sante-dorazio-part-3/ The Trops]</blockquote>
References
Category:American fashion photographers
Category:1956 births
Category:Living people
Category:Photographers from Brooklyn
Category:American people of Italian descent
Category:Brooklyn College alumni
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sante_D'Orazio
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.971104
|
25869765
|
Isaac C. Ketler
|
Isaac C. Ketler (1853–1913) was the co-founder and first president of Grove City College, a Presbyterian college in Grove City, Pennsylvania.
Biography
Ketler was born at Northumberland, Pennsylvania in 1853 and had eleven siblings. Ketler received his education at the National Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio, and also at Wooster University, Wooster, Ohio. He was also a graduate of Western Theological Seminary and received degrees of D.D. and LL.D., since his graduation.
One of Ketler's early teachers was Joseph Newton Pew who later went on to build a fortune in the oil industry. Ketler and Pew founded Pine Grove Normal Academy (eventually changing its name to Grove City College) in 1876. Ketler served as President of Grove City College for 37 years from 1876 to 1913. Joseph N. Pew provided much of the early funding for the school. Under Ketler's leadership: "[b]y the turn of the century, the enrollment had grown to 660 students, the faculty was enlarged to 20 members and the campus had increased to 40 acres with four substantial buildings." His son Weir Ketler later served as president of the college.
References
External links
The Pilgrims by Isaac C. Ketler (1910)
Category:Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
Category:National Normal University alumni
Category:College of Wooster alumni
Category:Western Theological Seminary alumni
Category:Presbyterians from Pennsylvania
Category:Grove City College
Category:1853 births
Category:1913 deaths
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_C._Ketler
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.972382
|
25869784
|
West Midlands Employers
|
The West Midlands Employers are a regional grouping of local authorities in the West Midlands region of England.
It was originally established as the Local Authority Leaders’ Board for the West Midlands region of England around 2010. When the West Midlands Regional Assembly was dissolved in March 2010, it assumed the boards' duties and functions.
The body was initially known as the West Midlands Leaders Board, changing its identity in July 2010, following abolition of regional spatial strategies by the new UK administration.
The secretariat for the West Midlands Leaders' Board has since been incorporated in-house by Wolverhampton City Council, rather than a separate body exist for such purposes.
References
External links
West Midlands Employers
Category:Local authority leaders' boards in England
Category:Local government in the West Midlands (region)
Category:2010 establishments in England
Category:Government agencies established in 2010
Category:Organisations based in Birmingham, West Midlands
Category:Local Government Association
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Midlands_Employers
|
2025-04-06T15:55:04.973764
|
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