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comma-project
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comma-jsonl

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medieval

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The dataset generation failed

Error code:   DatasetGenerationError
Exception:    ArrowInvalid
Message:      JSON parse error: Column(/notBefore) changed from number to string in row 7
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 174, in _generate_tables
                  df = pandas_read_json(f)
                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 38, in pandas_read_json
                  return pd.read_json(path_or_buf, **kwargs)
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 815, in read_json
                  return json_reader.read()
                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1014, in read
                  obj = self._get_object_parser(self.data)
                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1040, in _get_object_parser
                  obj = FrameParser(json, **kwargs).parse()
                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1176, in parse
                  self._parse()
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pandas/io/json/_json.py", line 1392, in _parse
                  ujson_loads(json, precise_float=self.precise_float), dtype=None
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
              ValueError: Trailing data
              
              During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1815, in _prepare_split_single
                  for _, table in generator:
                                  ^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 691, in wrapped
                  for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 177, in _generate_tables
                  raise e
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 151, in _generate_tables
                  pa_table = paj.read_json(
                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "pyarrow/_json.pyx", line 342, in pyarrow._json.read_json
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status
                File "pyarrow/error.pxi", line 92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status
              pyarrow.lib.ArrowInvalid: JSON parse error: Column(/notBefore) changed from number to string in row 7
              
              The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
              
              Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1450, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
                  parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
                                                                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 993, in stream_convert_to_parquet
                  builder._prepare_split(
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1702, in _prepare_split
                  for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
                                               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1858, in _prepare_split_single
                  raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
              datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the dataset

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biblissima_id string	iiif_manifest string	notBefore int64	notAfter int64	shelfmark string	tokens int64	language_source string	language_normalized list	language_recategorized list	language_categorized string	text string	margins string	lines int64	pages int64
https://data.biblissima.fr/entity/Q206175	https://api.irht.cnrs.fr/ark:/63955/fylgok80hh8d/manifest.json	1,001	1,100	Vendôme. Bibliothèque municipale, Ms. 120	950	latin, lat, latin, lat	[ "lat" ]	[ "Latin" ]	Massively Latin	feruentes efficiunt᷑ : quia quanto sepeccatores fuisse recordant᷑ : eo am plius liberatorẽ suũ diligere appetunt : cũ recedente iniquitate ignescit caritas eorum: Detalib meugło dñs dicit: Gaudium ÷ in celosuꝑ uno peccatore penitentiã agente et eͥ Sunt aut̃ & quidã usti intrascãnect ar onstituti: quiuitã quide...	si1	92	6
https://data.biblissima.fr/entity/Q243160	https://api.irht.cnrs.fr/ark:/63955/fkrsdc504spf/manifest.json	1,427	1,427	Nancy. Bibliothèque municipale, Ms. 354	281	lat	[ "lat" ]	[ "Latin" ]	Massively bilingual	laudn ꝓtholomei cosmographie tertius h hi posicionem partis orientalis europe iuxta si iectas prouincias aut satrapias ¶Taliam ¶Lyxnum insulam. S Ardimam infula ¶ tiliam insulam. S Armatiam euroye ¶t ricam chersonesum ¶Aziges metanastas. ¶Aciã. ¶ superiorẽ. ¶siam inferiorẽ. ¶hraciam sum. Macedomam ¶ pirum. I chayam ...		88	2
https://data.biblissima.fr/entity/Q203978	https://api.irht.cnrs.fr/ark:/63955/fz7q3d383pa7/manifest.json	1,401	1,500	Prague. Musée national, Bibliothèque, V H 40	3	latin, tchèque	[ "ces", "lat" ]	[ "Latin", "Other" ]	Massively Other	uelily. Uida hlupyth		1	3
https://data.biblissima.fr/entity/Q240166	https://api.irht.cnrs.fr/ark:/63955/fhqb0h1x8j61/manifest.json	901	1,000	Montpellier. Bibliothèque interuniversitaire, Section Médecine, H 152	1,166	latin, latin, lat, lat, latin, lat	[ "lat" ]	[ "Latin" ]	Massively Latin	Eurricula spatiocursus. Curriculum certum temporiscursũ Curriculum ui ridem glaucum Curiosus uustus Currumq: her&. procorruit Curro secundo curro ueloci Currili sella acurru quod& quidecur rucurreles dicuntur dicitur Cursum nauigationem uł multis modi Cursum condere gressũ dirigere Curtinam. responsum Curuae flexuose...	incerseit gliscit .cc c.xx. uosun tampo	472	21
https://data.biblissima.fr/entity/Q206328	https://api.irht.cnrs.fr/ark:/63955/fce70txenq1u/manifest.json	1,001	1,100	Orléans. Médiathèque, MS 163	5,941	latin, latin, lat	[ "lat" ]	[ "Latin" ]	Massively Latin	INCIPIT UBERSCII ASUSTINI EXI IONOLACIN NES IA IOB IELI II LE R ¶ORII AASSA cRANT eiSGI đm consuetudinẽ ntã eripere se p̃ F radi peccata con as suꝑioresstates. que hoc atur iam quȩ passus ẽ: Int tenebre idẽ .Nox illatenebre. nepaci Hon reparetur pͥrtalitatẽ. id est peat mortalitas. Nec uensea lumen. lum̃ mnemorie...	tloniasinu sbbeneduti ehusen ndibos me iaimde ieto quo sieotu tust st In Socrtalalio libi Siclut enset II Dob Coaba fausbo podahular de orłi casdduuss + uel iphsande ñibi A odco De c̃ lauantose ung Te octe qrehous Euꝑte geneso Se unic li Coba pestgo decte donlestatus iuto uiies SANODS bobrs imine bapris minor siceti...	963	32
https://data.biblissima.fr/entity/Q275643	https://api.irht.cnrs.fr/ark:/63955/f695xqwvrrzu/manifest.json	1,397	1,397	Paris. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des manuscrits, Latin 13965	311	lat, lat, fre	[ "fre", "lat" ]	[ "French", "Latin" ]	Massively Latin	¶ia ͫ ꝙ lucrai̾ in mutacione monete ẽ peiꝰ ꝙͣ usura isͫ ꝙ cales mutaciones moe̾taꝵ ꝙͫ⁊̃ ex se ũ sũt ꝑmit I de quibusd̃ ĩꝯuẽientibꝰ tãgentibꝰ pñcipẽ q̃ sẽquũ᷑ ex mutacionibꝰ monecarꝭ ¶ 2oͫ de aliis ĩꝯnemẽ tibꝰ totã ꝯ̃̾tatẽ tangentibꝰ ⁊i ͫ de aliis ĩꝯuẽientibꝰ q̃ tangũt ꝑtẽ ꝯ̃icam̃ ¶ 22ͣͫ si ꝯ̃ĩcas pt̃...		54	2
https://data.biblissima.fr/entity/Q206216	https://api.irht.cnrs.fr/ark:/63955/futb6698jney/manifest.json	1,401	1,500	Vendôme. Bibliothèque municipale, Ms. 207	1,908	latin, français, lat	[ "fre", "lat" ]	[ "French", "Latin" ]	Massively Latin	daici possent obici uol opponi Et spaliẽ dc̃a mlier auxilio scuata quis ⁊ sultr soblesam et om̃i Qure in fauore muliẽr̃ intodncto ot eciani actio ducendo/ Et amlo quir dicenti gu̾alem remdciacionẽ nõ uulore ⁊̃ p̾cesẜit fp̾alis actũ ⁊c̃ E Instẽm̃ t̾miuꝰ ⁊̃fixionis ¶ ad oelctionem celebiandã I det nomint. Uiou̾nt ...		194	10
https://data.biblissima.fr/entity/Q183013	https://api.irht.cnrs.fr/ark:/63955/fo97xucv24by/manifest.json	1,501	1,600	Paris. Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, Ms. 1989	9,739	latin, italien	[ "ita", "lat" ]	[ "Latin", "Other" ]	Massively Latin	L9S5 Committimus Tibi Nobili uiro Hieronyõ Taiapetra Doctori Dilecto Cini et fideli no stro Ꝙ In nomine Iesu xp̃i et in bona gratia Uadas et sis potestas et Capitaneus de nr̃o mandato Cuntatis Belluni per unũ annũ Et tantum plus quantum successor tuus illuc uenire distulerit. Habendo ad hono rem nostrum et bonum sta...	O Bseruabis In suꝑ partem aptam In onsilio nos tro Rogatoꝵ. Die rb septembris isoꝗ. hc̃ Decetero per Sib Pla heucresa parrgientise	1,142	48
https://data.biblissima.fr/entity/Q238685	https://api.irht.cnrs.fr/ark:/63955/f4m4dgtxjmg9/manifest.json	1,201	1,300	Paris. Bibliothèque Mazarine, Ms 1319	2,145	latin, latin, lat	[ "lat" ]	[ "Latin" ]	Massively Latin	Upide inuentuti plgꝰ h li C sciendi pͣcticam mrt̾ ca nõiti ⁊ cimł. zclatoreisdẽ. cuĩ sui re- ꝯmenda tir̃ ⁊ emendatione hunc libells. ¶ Qui ad cc̃ẽm utilitatem itusq m qͣtiord̃ ꝙ tes pͥncipałes utiłitꝰ est diuisus. Rimia ꝑs pͥncipał est de iudicib qñ ⁊ quib ꝑ sonis ⁊ qͣlit̾ꝰ uices suas o ssuit ꝯmitt̾e. Et de rec...	Goĩa ĩ eod uᵗ. libri. tatũ ĩ ti d d Boĩa ĩ eod̃ ti .iͦ. .u libri. tatũ ĩ ti. do dolo ⁊ ꝯtñ. d to	310	9
https://data.biblissima.fr/entity/Q46563	https://gallica.bnf.fr/iiif/ark:/12148/btv1b105254662/manifest.json	1,485	1,495	Paris. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des manuscrits, Français 1437	30,116	fre	[ "fre" ]	[ "French" ]	Truly French	"Pli.\ns sont les noms arines et\nblasons des cheualiers el com\npagnons de la table ronde au lemps (...TRUNCATED)	L431 FCUCC Iu cest pour morguen. II3I FR	4,784	348

End of preview.

Dataset Card for CoMMA JSON-L

CoMMA is a large-scale corpus of digitized medieval manuscripts transcribed using Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR). It contains over 2.5 billion tokens from more than 23,000 manuscripts in Latin and Old French (801–1600 CE). Unlike most existing resources, the corpus provides raw, non-normalized text.

Dataset Details

Dataset Description

Curated by: Thibault Clérice
Funded by: Inria, COLaF, ParamHTRs
Language(s) (NLP): Latin, Old French, Italian
License: CC-BY 4.0

Dataset Sources [optional]

Repository: ARCA, Gallica, Biblissima + (Metadata)
Paper: [More Information Needed]
Browser: [More Information Needed]

Uses

Direct Use

Training and evaluation of NLP models on medieval Latin and French.
Historical linguistics and corpus linguistics research.
Digital humanities applications (script analysis, layout studies, philology).
Pretraining embeddings for downstream semantic tasks.

Out-of-Scope Use

Modern language processing tasks.
Sensitive/identity analysis (texts are historical and not linked to personal data).

Dataset Structure

The dataset is in JSON-L format, one line = one digitization of a manuscript (manuscript can be represented by more than one digitization). Columns are:

biblissima_id: Unique identifier of the manuscript, with metadata. .e.g https://data.biblissima.fr/entity/Q237292
shelfmark: Human readable identifier
iiif_manifest: Source of our data
biblissima_language: Biblissima provided language metadata
biblissima_simplified_language: Denoising field for biblissima_language
language_fasttext: Categorization in 5 languages (Latin, French, Bilingual, Other, Ambiguous), with two levels of details for Latin, French and Bilingual (e.g. Massively French, Truely French)
notBefore: Minimal date of production. Some provider use 800 for stating 9th century instead of 801, be careful with the date.
notAfter: When provided, maximum date of production. Mostly null.
lines: Number of transcribed lines.
pages: Number of treated pages.
tokens: Number of whitespace delimited tokens.
scopecontent: Free-text field description of the content of the manuscript, provided by Biblissima and the original curating institution.
text: The main body of text, in its plain text representation.

Dataset Creation

Curation Rationale

To provide the first large-scale, open, raw-text corpus of medieval manuscripts enabling both computational linguistics and digital humanities research at scale.

Source Data

Data Collection and Processing

Harvested via IIIF from Gallica (BnF), ARCA, Bodleian, e-codices, etc.
Downloaded in batch respecting institutional constraints.
Segmentation: YOLOv11 + SegmOnto vocabulary.
Recognition: Kraken with CATMuS models.
Post-processed into ALTO and TEI.

Who are the source data producers?

Medieval scribes and copyists (8th–16th c. CE), preserved in institutional digitizations.

Annotation process

Automated segmentation and transcription.
Manual evaluation of CER on roughly 700 manuscripts single pages.
TEI structuring for zones (marginalia, main text, etc.).

Personal and Sensitive Information

The dataset contains no personal or sensitive modern data.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

Recognition quality varies by script type (Caroline/Textualis better, Cursiva and Beneventan worse).
Language metadata may be noisy (e.g. mixed Latin/French glosses).
Manuscripts are primarily from libraries, underrepresenting archives (e.g. charters).
Errors in segmentation (skewed lines, faint text) persist.

Recommendations

Users should evaluate CER for their subcorpus and be aware of biases in script and manuscript type coverage.

Citation [optional]

BibTeX:

[More Information Needed]

APA:

[More Information Needed]

Dataset Card Contact

Thibault Clerice

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Total file size:

26.8 GB

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