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2hop__324187_20122
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[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Dr. Dolittle 2",
"paragraph_text": "In the film, Dr. Dolittle tries to help the animals protect their forest from unscrupulous human developers. He decides to populate the forest with a species of animal that the law protects, and enlists the help of Ava (voiced by Lisa Kudrow), a lone Pacific western bear living in the condemned forest. To provide her with a mate, Dolittle turns to Archie (voiced by Steve Zahn), a wise - cracking circus - performing bear.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kjølrabbane Hills",
"paragraph_text": "The Kjølrabbane Hills () are a small group of hills between Lyftingen Peak and the Styrbordsknattane Peaks, near the southwest end of Ahlmann Ridge in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. They were mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1949–52) and named Kjølrabbane (the keel hills).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Linnormegget Hill",
"paragraph_text": "Linnormegget Hill () is a rock hill south of the Linnormen Hills in the Payer Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was photographed from the air by the Third German Antarctic Expedition (1938–39), and was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Linnormegget (the dragon's egg).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "JC Williamson Award",
"paragraph_text": "The JC Williamson Award (formally known as the James Cassius Williamson Award), in honour of actor and theatre manager James Cassius Williamson, is a lifetime achievement award presented by Live Performance Australia (LPA) since 1998 in recognition of \"individuals who have made an outstanding contribution to the Australian live entertainment and performing arts industry and shaped the future of our industry for the better\", and is the highest honour the LPA can bestow. Recipients, who are performers, administrators, entrepreneurs, members of the media, writers, directors or politicians, are chosen by the JC Williamson Award Committee.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1982, the band released the album Hot Space, a departure from their trademark seventies sound, this time being a mixture of rock, pop rock, dance, funk, and R&B. Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band's history, and Taylor and May lamented the new sound, with both being very critical of the influence Mercury's personal manager Paul Prenter had on the singer. May was also scathing of Prenter, who was Mercury's manager from the early 1980s to 1984, for being dismissive of the importance of radio stations, such as the US networks, and their vital connection between the artist and the community, and for denying them access to Mercury. The band stopped touring North America after their Hot Space Tour, as their success there had waned, although they would perform on American television for the only time during the eighth season premiere of Saturday Night Live. Queen left Elektra Records, their label in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, and signed onto EMI/Capitol Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In summer of 1986, Queen went on their final tour with Freddie Mercury. A sold-out tour in support of A Kind of Magic, once again they hired Spike Edney, leading to him being dubbed the unofficial fifth member. The Magic Tour's highlight was at Wembley Stadium in London and resulted in the live double album, Queen at Wembley, released on CD and as a live concert DVD, which has gone five times platinum in the US and four times platinum in the UK. Queen could not book Wembley for a third night, but they did play at Knebworth Park. The show sold out within two hours and over 120,000 fans packed the park for what was Queen's final live performance with Mercury. Queen began the tour at the Råsunda Stadium in Stockholm, Sweden, and during the tour the band performed a concert at Slane Castle, Ireland, in front of an audience of 95,000, which broke the venue's attendance record. The band also played behind the Iron Curtain when they performed to a crowd of 80,000 at the Népstadion in Budapest, in what was one of the biggest rock concerts ever held in Eastern Europe. More than one million people saw Queen on the tour—400,000 in the United Kingdom alone, a record at the time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1997, Queen returned to the studio to record \"No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)\", a song dedicated to Mercury and all those that die too soon. It was released as a bonus track on the Queen Rocks compilation album later that year. In January 1997, Queen performed \"The Show Must Go On\" live with Elton John and the Béjart Ballet in Paris on a night Mercury was remembered, and it marked the last performance and public appearance of John Deacon, who chose to retire. The Paris concert was only the second time Queen had played live since Mercury's death, prompting Elton John to urge them to perform again.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Love of My Life (Queen song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Love of My Life ''is a ballad by the British rock band Queen from their 1975 album A Night at the Opera. The song was written by Freddie Mercury about Mary Austin, with whom he had a long term relationship in the early 1970s. After performing the song in South America in 1981, the version from their live album Live Killers reached number 1 in the singles chart in Argentina and Brazil, and stayed in the charts in Argentina for an entire year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1978, Queen toured the US and Canada, and spent much of 1979 touring in Europe and Japan. They released their first live album, Live Killers, in 1979; it went platinum twice in the US. Queen also released the very successful single \"Crazy Little Thing Called Love\", a rockabilly inspired song done in the style of Elvis Presley. The song made the top 10 in many countries, topped the Australian ARIA Charts for seven consecutive weeks, and was the band's first number one single in the United States where it topped the Billboard Hot 100 for four weeks. Having written the song on guitar and played rhythm on the record, Mercury played rhythm guitar while performing the song live, which was the first time he ever played guitar in concert. In December 1979, Queen played the opening night at the Concert for the People of Kampuchea in London, having accepted a request by the event's organiser Paul McCartney.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirmed that the band's new deal was with Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. For the first time since the late 1980s, Queen's catalogue will have the same distributor worldwide, as their current North American label—Hollywood Records—is currently distributed by Universal (for a time in the late 1980s, Queen was on EMI-owned Capitol Records in the US).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Blueberry",
"paragraph_text": "Blueberry production -- 2014 Country (tonnes) United States 262,539 Canada 182,275 Mexico 18,031 Poland 12,469 Germany 12,077 France 9,200 World 525,620 Source: FAOSTAT of the United Nations",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Canada Act 1982",
"paragraph_text": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "At Live Aid, held at Wembley on 13 July 1985, in front of the biggest-ever TV audience of 1.9 billion, Queen performed some of their greatest hits, during which the sold-out stadium audience of 72,000 people clapped, sang, and swayed in unison. The show's organisers, Bob Geldof and Midge Ure, other musicians such as Elton John, Cliff Richard and Dave Grohl, and music journalists writing for the BBC, CNN, Rolling Stone, MTV, The Telegraph among others, stated that Queen stole the show. An industry poll in 2005 ranked it the greatest rock performance of all time. Mercury's powerful, sustained note during the a cappella section came to be known as \"The Note Heard Round the World\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Blueberry Township, Wadena County, Minnesota",
"paragraph_text": "Blueberry Township is a township in Wadena County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 732 at the time of the 2000 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Live on Blueberry Hill",
"paragraph_text": "The audience recording is one of the first Led Zeppelin bootlegs, and one of the first ever rock and roll bootlegs. It was released on the Blimp label. The album was reissued on the Trademark of Quality label and shipped to England. The album sold so many copies that many fans thought it was a legal release. The sleeve notes describe it as \"One hundred and six minutes and fifty three seconds of pure alive rock.\"",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tootsie Pop",
"paragraph_text": "The candy debuted in 1931. In addition to chocolate (the original flavor), Tootsie Pops come in cherry, orange, caramel, grape, raspberry, strawberry, watermelon, blue raspberry, candy cane (seasonal), and now, pomegranate, banana, blueberry, lemon, and green apple flavors. Another release of Tootsie Roll Pops, named Tropical Stormz, features six swirl - textured flavors: orange, lemon lime, strawberry banana, apple blueberry, citrus punch, and berry punch. All flavors apply only to the hard candy surrounding the core; the soft core is always chocolate Tootsie Roll material.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "George Stovall",
"paragraph_text": "George Thomas Stovall, nicknamed \"Firebrand\" (November 23, 1877 in Leeds, Missouri – November 5, 1951 in Burlington, Iowa), was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball with the Cleveland Naps and the St. Louis Browns in the American League, and he also played two seasons with the Kansas City Packers of the short-lived Federal League. He was the manager of the Naps for one season in , and in , he went to the Browns, serving as player-manager for two seasons. In , he jumped to the Packers as a first baseman-manager. In 1916, he signed with the Toledo Mud Hens and played a season there before retiring from baseball at age 39.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Elizabeth Coleman White",
"paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Coleman White (October 5, 1871November 11, 1954) was a New Jersey agricultural specialist who collaborated with Frederick Vernon Coville to develop and commercialize a cultivated blueberry.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What manager of the band which performed Live on Blueberry Hill tried to sign Queen?
|
[
{
"id": 324187,
"question": "Live on Blueberry Hill >> performer",
"answer": "Led Zeppelin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 20122,
"question": "What manager of #1 tried to sign Queen?",
"answer": "Peter Grant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] |
Peter Grant
|
[] | true |
2hop__40750_641245
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Public Law 93-408",
"paragraph_text": "Public Law 93-408 is an American statute that established the Youth Conservation Corps (YCC). It was established in 1974 by the 93rd United States Congress and President Gerald Ford as Public Law 93-408, an act to amend the Youth Conservation Corps Act of 1970.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": "To help reduce consumption, in 1974 a national maximum speed limit of 55 mph (about 88 km/h) was imposed through the Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act. Development of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve began in 1975, and in 1977 the cabinet-level Department of Energy was created, followed by the National Energy Act of 1978.[citation needed] On November 28, 1995, Bill Clinton signed the National Highway Designation Act, ending the federal 55 mph (89 km/h) speed limit, allowing states to restore their prior maximum speed limit.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Arkansas Attorney General",
"paragraph_text": "The best-known Arkansas Attorney General is Bill Clinton, as he later became President of the United States; he was elected to the position in 1976 and served until he was elected governor in 1978. Other former attorneys general include Bruce Bennett, Joe Purcell, Ray Thornton, Jim Guy Tucker, Mark Pryor, Steve Clark and Mike Beebe. Until Rutledge took office, Democrats had held the office since Reconstruction.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Mark Emmert",
"paragraph_text": "Before Emmert became president of the University of Washington, he was chancellor at Louisiana State University and held faculty and administration positions at the University of Connecticut, Montana State University, and University of Colorado.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Bob Runciman",
"paragraph_text": "Robert William Runciman (born August 10, 1942) is a veteran Canadian politician and former provincial Leader of the Opposition in the Ontario Legislature. First elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1981, he held the seat continuously for Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario for the next 29 years. On January 29, 2010, he was appointed to a federal legislative position as a Conservative to the Senate of Canada where he served until August 10, 2017.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Canadian Alliance",
"paragraph_text": "The Canadian Alliance (), formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance (), was a conservative and centre-right to right-wing populist federal political party in Canada that existed from 2000 to 2003. The party was the successor to the Reform Party of Canada and inherited its position as the Official Opposition in the House of Commons of Canada and held it throughout its existence. The party supported policies that were both fiscally and socially conservative, seeking reduced government spending on social programs and reductions in taxation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Timothy L. Schmitz",
"paragraph_text": "Timothy L. Schmitz is a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives, representing the 49th district from 1999 to 2015. He was an Assistant Republican Leader. Schmitz is also an on-call �firefighter and emergency medical technician with the Batavia Fire Department, a position he has held since 1984.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Volumfestivalen",
"paragraph_text": "Volumfestivalen is a cultural festival held in Elverum, Hedmark in Norway that contains music, literature, art, performing arts and film. The festival was first held in 2003. June 2013 saw the 8th year of the festival. The festival provides a venue for both the student, emerging and professional artists and cultural mediators linked to Hedmark. Past acts at Volumfestivalen include The Wombats and Team Me.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Energy",
"paragraph_text": "These developments led to the theory of conservation of energy, formalized largely by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) as the field of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics aided the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes by Rudolf Clausius, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and Walther Nernst. It also led to a mathematical formulation of the concept of entropy by Clausius and to the introduction of laws of radiant energy by Jožef Stefan. According to Noether's theorem, the conservation of energy is a consequence of the fact that the laws of physics do not change over time. Thus, since 1918, theorists have understood that the law of conservation of energy is the direct mathematical consequence of the translational symmetry of the quantity conjugate to energy, namely time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Damdin Sükhbaatar",
"paragraph_text": "Sükhbaatar's widow Yanjmaa went on to serve in a number of senior positions in the Mongolian government, including acting president.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": "On the domestic front, he covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking the modern expanded version of executive privilege. He otherwise left most political activity to his Vice President, Richard Nixon. He was a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He also launched the Interstate Highway System, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act, and encouraged peaceful use of nuclear power via amendments to the Atomic Energy Act.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "William Freer Bale",
"paragraph_text": "William Freer Bale (1911 – 28 June 1982), biophysicist and educator, held key positions in the Atomic Energy Project at the University of Rochester. Pioneer in the study of radon exposure to miners.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "List of presidents of India",
"paragraph_text": "Seven presidents have been members of a political party before being elected. Six of these were active party members of the Indian National Congress. The Janata Party has had one member, Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, who later became president, he was born in Anantapur District (now Andhra Pradesh). Two presidents, Zakir Husain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office. Their vice-presidents functioned as acting president until a new president was elected. Following Zakir Husain's death, two acting presidents held office until the new president, V.V. Giri, was elected. Varahagiri Venkata Giri himself, Zakir Husain's vice president, was the first acting president. When Giri resigned to take part in the presidential elections, he was succeeded by Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting president. The 12th president, Pratibha Patil, is the first woman to serve as President of India, elected in 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Psychodynamics",
"paragraph_text": "Freud used the term psychodynamics to describe the processes of the mind as flows of psychological energy (libido) in an organically complex brain. The idea for this came from his first year adviser, Ernst von Brücke at the University of Vienna, who held the view that all living organisms, including humans, are basically energy - systems to which the principle of the conservation of energy applies. This principle states that ``the total amount of energy in any given physical system is always constant, that energy quanta can be changed but not annihilated, and that consequently when energy is moved from one part of the system, it must reappear in another part. ''This principle is at the very root of Freud's ideas, whereby libido, which is primarily seen as sexual energy, is transformed into other behaviours. However, it is now clear that the term energy in physics means something quite different from the term energy in relation to mental functioning.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Atomic Energy Regulatory Board",
"paragraph_text": "The Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) was constituted on 15 November 1983 by the President of India by exercising the powers conferred by Section 27 of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 (33 of 1962) to carry out certain regulatory and safety functions under the Act. The regulatory authority of AERB is derived from the rules and notifications promulgated under the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986. The headquarters is in Mumbai.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "President of the Continental Congress",
"paragraph_text": "The president of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates that emerged as the first national government of the United States during the American Revolution. The president was a member of Congress elected by the other delegates to serve as an impartial moderator during meetings of Congress. Designed to be a largely ceremonial position without much influence, the office was unrelated to the later office of President of the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Carl Michael Smith",
"paragraph_text": "Carl Michael \"Mike\" Smith (born 1944) is an American businessman, energy expert, and politician from Oklahoma. Smith is currently serving as the Executive Director of the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission. Smith has served in numerous energy policy positions for both the United States federal and Oklahoma state governments, including Assistant Secretary of Energy for Fossil Energy under President George W. Bush (2002–2004) and Oklahoma Secretary of Energy under Governor of Oklahoma Frank Keating (1995–2002).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "List of presidents of India",
"paragraph_text": "There have been 14 Presidents of India since the post was established when India was declared as a republic with the adoption of the Indian constitution in 1950. Apart from these fourteen, three Acting Presidents have also been in office for short periods of time. Varahagiri Venkata Giri became the Acting President in 1969 after Zakir Husain, died in office. Giri was elected President a few months later. He remains the only person to have held office both as a President and Acting President. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, is the only person to have held office for two terms.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Amino acid activation",
"paragraph_text": "The amino acid is coupled to the penultimate nucleotide at the 3 '- end of the tRNA (the A in the sequence CCA) via an ester bond (roll over in illustration). The formation of the ester bond conserves a considerable part of the energy from the activation reaction. This stored energy provides the majority of the energy needed for peptide bond formation during translation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Second Cabinet of Donald Tusk",
"paragraph_text": "The Second Cabinet of Donald Tusk was the government of Poland from November 18, 2011 to September 22, 2014 sitting in the Council of Ministers during the 7th legislature of the Sejm and the 8th legislature of the Senate. It was appointed by President Bronisław Komorowski on November 18, 2011, and passed the vote of confidence in Sejm on November 19, 2011. Led by Donald Tusk, it is a centre-right coalition of two parties: Tusk's liberal conservative Civic Platform (PO) and the agrarian Polish People's Party (PSL). By law, all vacant ministries will be led by a Deputy Prime Minister in an acting position.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What position was held by the president who ended the Emergency Energy Conservation Act?
|
[
{
"id": 40750,
"question": "Which president ended the Emergency Energy Conservation Act?",
"answer": "Bill Clinton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 641245,
"question": "#1 >> position held",
"answer": "Arkansas Attorney General",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] |
Arkansas Attorney General
|
[] | true |
2hop__828898_57062
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Battle of Montenotte",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Montenotte was fought on 12 April 1796, during the French Revolutionary Wars, between the French army under General Napoleon Bonaparte and an Austrian corps under Count Eugène-Guillaume Argenteau. The French won the battle, which was fought near the village of Cairo Montenotte in the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont. The modern town is located in the northwestern part of Italy. On 11 April, Argenteau led 3,700 men in several assaults against a French mountaintop redoubt but failed to take it. By the morning of the 12th, Bonaparte concentrated large forces against Argenteau's now-outnumbered troops. The strongest French push came from the direction of the mountaintop redoubt, but a second force fell on the weak Austrian right flank and overwhelmed it. In its hasty retreat from the field, Argenteau's force lost heavily and was badly disorganized. This attack against the boundary between the Austrian and Sardinian armies threatened to sever the link between the two allies. This action was part of the Montenotte Campaign.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Battle of Bezzecca",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bezzecca was fought on 21 July 1866 between Italy and Austria, during the Third Italian Independence War. The Italian force, the Hunters of the Alps, were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, and had invaded Trentino as part of the general Italian offensive against the Austrian force occupying north-eastern Italy after the decisive Prussian victory of Battle of Königgrätz, which had led Austria to move part of their troops towards Vienna (see Invasion of Trentino).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kargil War",
"paragraph_text": "The Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass subsector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, Pakistan had to withdraw under international pressure and due to pressure from continued fighting at battle front and left India in control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Simla Agreement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Kyoto Protocol",
"paragraph_text": "The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human - made CO emissions have predominantly caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "People's Crusade",
"paragraph_text": "The People's Crusade was a popular crusade. It lasted roughly six months from April to October 1096 and was a prelude to the First Crusade. It is also known as the Peasants' Crusade, Paupers' Crusade or the Popular Crusade as it was not part of the official Catholic Church-organised expeditions that came later. Led primarily by Peter the Hermit with forces of Walter Sans Avoir, the army was destroyed by the Seljuk forces of Kilij Arslan at Civetot, northwestern Anatolia. Historically, there has been much debate over whether Peter was the real initiator of the Crusade as opposed to Pope Urban II. The expedition's independence has been used by some historians such as Hagenmeyer to prove this.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Red Army",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "France–United Kingdom relations",
"paragraph_text": "The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Chinese Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "On 12 December 1936, the disgruntled Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng conspired to kidnap Chiang and force him into a truce with the CPC. The incident became known as the Xi'an Incident. Both parties suspended fighting to form a Second United Front to focus their energies and fighting against the Japanese. In 1937 Japan launched its full - scale invasion of China and its well - equipped troops overran KMT defenders in northern and coastal China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Breast Cancer Awareness Month",
"paragraph_text": "NBCAM was founded in 1985 in October as a partnership between the American Cancer Society and the pharmaceutical division of Imperial Chemical Industries (now part of AstraZeneca, producer of several anti-breast cancer drugs). The aim of the NBCAM from the start has been to promote mammography as the most effective weapon in the fight against breast cancer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Free France",
"paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "War on Terror",
"paragraph_text": "The first ground attack came at the Battle of Umm Qasr on 21 March 2003 when a combined force of British, American and Polish forces seized control of the port city of Umm Qasr. Baghdad, Iraq's capital city, fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved. On 1 May 2003, Bush announced that major combat operations in Iraq had ended. However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. The insurgency, which included al-Qaeda affiliated groups, led to far more coalition casualties than the invasion. Other elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of President Hussein's Ba'ath regime, which included Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists. Many insurgency leaders are Islamists and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic Caliphate of centuries past. Iraq's former president, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces in December 2003. He was executed in 2006.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Five-star rank",
"paragraph_text": "Nine Americans have been promoted to five - star rank, one of them, Henry H. Arnold, in two services (US Army then later in the US Air Force). As part of the bicentennial celebration, George Washington was, 177 years after his death, permanently made senior to all other US generals / admirals, with the title General of the Armies, effective on 4 July 1976. The appointment stated he was to have ``rank and precedence over all other grades of the Army, past or present ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Kainan Bay",
"paragraph_text": "Kainan Bay is an iceport which indents the front of the Ross Ice Shelf about northeast of the northwestern end of Roosevelt Island, Antarctica. It was discovered in January 1902 by the British National Antarctic Expedition under Robert Falcon Scott. It was named by the Japanese Antarctic Expedition under Lieutenant Shirase Nobu which, in January 1912, effected a landing on the ice shelf here from the ship \"Kainan Maru\". Little America V, the main base of U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze, 1955–56, was established at this site in late December 1955.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Northwestern Front",
"paragraph_text": "The Northwestern Front (Russian: \"Северо-Западный фронт\") was a military formation of the Red Army during the Winter War and World War II. It was operational with the 7th and 13th Armies during the Winter War. It was re-created on 22 June 1941, the first day of the Soviet-German War on the basis of the Baltic Special Military District. On 22 June the Front consisted of the 8th, 11th, and 27th Armies, as well as the 5th Airborne Corps and the headquarters of the 65th Rifle Corps.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Supermarine Spitfire operational history",
"paragraph_text": "Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Russo-Japanese War",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Mukden commenced on 20 February 1905. In the following days Japanese forces proceeded to assault the right and left flanks of Russian forces surrounding Mukden, along a 50-mile (80 km) front. Approximately half a million men were involved in the fighting. Both sides were well entrenched and were backed by hundreds of artillery pieces. After days of harsh fighting, added pressure from the flanks forced both ends of the Russian defensive line to curve backwards. Seeing they were about to be encircled, the Russians began a general retreat, fighting a series of fierce rearguard actions, which soon deteriorated in the confusion and collapse of Russian forces. On 10 March 1905, after three weeks of fighting, General Kuropatkin decided to withdraw to the north of Mukden. The Russians lost 90,000 men in the battle.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Australian Army during World War II",
"paragraph_text": "The Australian Army was the largest service in the Australian military during World War II. Prior to the outbreak of war the Australian Army was split into the small full - time Permanent Military Forces (PMF) and the larger part - time Militia. Following the outbreak of war, on 14 September 1939 Prime Minister Robert Menzies announced that 40,000 members of the Militia would be called up for training and a 20,000 - strong expeditionary force, designated the Second Australian Imperial Force (Second AIF), would be formed for overseas service. Meanwhile, conscription was introduced in October 1939 to keep the Militia at strength as its members volunteered for the AIF. The Australian Army subsequently made an important contribution to the Allied campaigns in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and North Africa fighting the Germans, Italians and Vichy French during 1940 and 1941, and later in the jungles of the South West Pacific Area fighting the Japanese between late 1941 and 1945. Following the Japanese surrender Australian Army units were deployed as occupation forces across the South West Pacific. Meanwhile, the Army contributed troops to the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) in Japan from 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Halil Kut",
"paragraph_text": "In 1917, Halil Pasha was ordered by the Minister of Defense Enver Pasha to move some of his troops to the Persian Campaign It was an unsuccessful attempt to destabilize the British supported government there. This limited his ability to defend Baghdad and led to the Fall of Baghdad. After which fresh British forces were massed at the Iraq front after this surrender.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sahara",
"paragraph_text": "The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. Indeed, the extreme aridity of the Sahara can't be only explained by the subtropical high pressure. The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert. These major mountain ranges act as a barrier causing a strong rain shadow effect on the leeward side by dropping much of the humidity brought by atmospheric disturbances along the polar front which affects the surrounding Mediterranean climates.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who led the military organization that the Northwestern Front was part of, and made it an effective fighting force?
|
[
{
"id": 828898,
"question": "Northwestern Front >> part of",
"answer": "Red Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 57062,
"question": "who led #1 and made it an effective fighting force",
"answer": "Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] |
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky
|
[
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"
] | true |
2hop__342696_57062
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "France–United Kingdom relations",
"paragraph_text": "The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Intelligence-led policing",
"paragraph_text": "Early development of intelligence - led policing took place in the UK. It was perceived that police were spending too much time responding to specific incidents, and not tackling the problem of repeat offenders. Therefore, reports by the Audit Commission in 1993 and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary in 1997 advocated increased use of intelligence, surveillance and informants to target recidivist offenders, so that police could be more effective in fighting crime. The call was quickly taken up by some police forces, particularly the Kent Constabulary. Intelligence led policing was not a major proponent of policing styles until the September 11th terrorist attacks. Prior to these attacks the majority of all branches of the government would often not divulge any information to each other. The main assumptions of this theory can be described by Ratcliffe's 3i format. As shown by the figure below, the three I's call for close cooperation between police chiefs and intelligence analysts in order to facilitate a strategy that will impact the criminal environment.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Australian Army during World War II",
"paragraph_text": "The Australian Army was the largest service in the Australian military during World War II. Prior to the outbreak of war the Australian Army was split into the small full - time Permanent Military Forces (PMF) and the larger part - time Militia. Following the outbreak of war, on 14 September 1939 Prime Minister Robert Menzies announced that 40,000 members of the Militia would be called up for training and a 20,000 - strong expeditionary force, designated the Second Australian Imperial Force (Second AIF), would be formed for overseas service. Meanwhile, conscription was introduced in October 1939 to keep the Militia at strength as its members volunteered for the AIF. The Australian Army subsequently made an important contribution to the Allied campaigns in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and North Africa fighting the Germans, Italians and Vichy French during 1940 and 1941, and later in the jungles of the South West Pacific Area fighting the Japanese between late 1941 and 1945. Following the Japanese surrender Australian Army units were deployed as occupation forces across the South West Pacific. Meanwhile, the Army contributed troops to the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) in Japan from 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "War on Terror",
"paragraph_text": "The first ground attack came at the Battle of Umm Qasr on 21 March 2003 when a combined force of British, American and Polish forces seized control of the port city of Umm Qasr. Baghdad, Iraq's capital city, fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved. On 1 May 2003, Bush announced that major combat operations in Iraq had ended. However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. The insurgency, which included al-Qaeda affiliated groups, led to far more coalition casualties than the invasion. Other elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of President Hussein's Ba'ath regime, which included Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists. Many insurgency leaders are Islamists and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic Caliphate of centuries past. Iraq's former president, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces in December 2003. He was executed in 2006.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Red Army",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Sahara",
"paragraph_text": "The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. Indeed, the extreme aridity of the Sahara can't be only explained by the subtropical high pressure. The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert. These major mountain ranges act as a barrier causing a strong rain shadow effect on the leeward side by dropping much of the humidity brought by atmospheric disturbances along the polar front which affects the surrounding Mediterranean climates.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Supermarine Spitfire operational history",
"paragraph_text": "Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Free France",
"paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Battle of Königsberg",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg Offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian Offensive during World War II. In four days of violent urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg – now Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city. There was heavy fighting for the overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line. The battle finished when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Breast Cancer Awareness Month",
"paragraph_text": "NBCAM was founded in 1985 in October as a partnership between the American Cancer Society and the pharmaceutical division of Imperial Chemical Industries (now part of AstraZeneca, producer of several anti-breast cancer drugs). The aim of the NBCAM from the start has been to promote mammography as the most effective weapon in the fight against breast cancer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Kalinin Front",
"paragraph_text": "The Kalinin Front was a major formation of the Red Army active in the Eastern Front of World War II, named for the city of Kalinin. It was formally established by Stavka directive on 17 October 1941 and allocated three armies: 22nd, 29th Army and 30th. In May 1942, the Air Forces of the Kalinin Front were reorganised as the 3rd Air Army, comprising three fighter, two ground attack, and one bomber division.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Five-star rank",
"paragraph_text": "Nine Americans have been promoted to five - star rank, one of them, Henry H. Arnold, in two services (US Army then later in the US Air Force). As part of the bicentennial celebration, George Washington was, 177 years after his death, permanently made senior to all other US generals / admirals, with the title General of the Armies, effective on 4 July 1976. The appointment stated he was to have ``rank and precedence over all other grades of the Army, past or present ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Russo-Japanese War",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Mukden commenced on 20 February 1905. In the following days Japanese forces proceeded to assault the right and left flanks of Russian forces surrounding Mukden, along a 50-mile (80 km) front. Approximately half a million men were involved in the fighting. Both sides were well entrenched and were backed by hundreds of artillery pieces. After days of harsh fighting, added pressure from the flanks forced both ends of the Russian defensive line to curve backwards. Seeing they were about to be encircled, the Russians began a general retreat, fighting a series of fierce rearguard actions, which soon deteriorated in the confusion and collapse of Russian forces. On 10 March 1905, after three weeks of fighting, General Kuropatkin decided to withdraw to the north of Mukden. The Russians lost 90,000 men in the battle.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Battle of Bezzecca",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bezzecca was fought on 21 July 1866 between Italy and Austria, during the Third Italian Independence War. The Italian force, the Hunters of the Alps, were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, and had invaded Trentino as part of the general Italian offensive against the Austrian force occupying north-eastern Italy after the decisive Prussian victory of Battle of Königgrätz, which had led Austria to move part of their troops towards Vienna (see Invasion of Trentino).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Halil Kut",
"paragraph_text": "In 1917, Halil Pasha was ordered by the Minister of Defense Enver Pasha to move some of his troops to the Persian Campaign It was an unsuccessful attempt to destabilize the British supported government there. This limited his ability to defend Baghdad and led to the Fall of Baghdad. After which fresh British forces were massed at the Iraq front after this surrender.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tibet",
"paragraph_text": "In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side. Afterwards, in 1904 Francis Younghusband imposed a treaty known as the Treaty of Lhasa, which was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by a 1906 treaty signed between Britain and China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Novosokolnichesky District",
"paragraph_text": "On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished, and Novosokolnichesky District was established, with the administrative center in the town of Novosokolniki. It included parts of former Velikoluksky and Nevelsky Uyezds. Pskov Governorate was abolished as well, and the district became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On June 17, 1929, the district was transferred to Western Oblast. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were also abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. On January 29, 1935, the district was transferred to Kalinin Oblast, and on February 5 of the same year, Novosokolnichesky District became a part of Velikiye Luki Okrug of Kalinin Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. On May 4, 1938, the district was subordinated directly to the oblast. Between 1941 and 1944, Novosokolnichesky District was occupied by German troops. On August 22, 1944, the district was transferred to newly established Velikiye Luki Oblast. On October 2, 1957, Velikiye Luki Oblast was abolished, and Novosokolnichesky District was transferred to Pskov Oblast.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Chinese Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "On 12 December 1936, the disgruntled Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng conspired to kidnap Chiang and force him into a truce with the CPC. The incident became known as the Xi'an Incident. Both parties suspended fighting to form a Second United Front to focus their energies and fighting against the Japanese. In 1937 Japan launched its full - scale invasion of China and its well - equipped troops overran KMT defenders in northern and coastal China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kargil War",
"paragraph_text": "The Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass subsector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, Pakistan had to withdraw under international pressure and due to pressure from continued fighting at battle front and left India in control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Simla Agreement.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who led the entity that Kalinin Front was part of and made it an effective fighting force?
|
[
{
"id": 342696,
"question": "Kalinin Front >> part of",
"answer": "Red Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 57062,
"question": "who led #1 and made it an effective fighting force",
"answer": "Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] |
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky
|
[
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"
] | true |
2hop__817662_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Subliminal Genocide",
"paragraph_text": "Subliminal Genocide is a 2006 album by the American one-man black metal act Xasthur. It was reviewed as being \"more spiteful than...previous albums\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Subliminal (album)",
"paragraph_text": "Subliminal is the debut solo album of French rapper Maître Gims, member of the French rap group Sexion d'Assaut. The 18-track album was released 20 May 2013 on Wati B and on MMC, the latter founded by Maître Gims himself. The lyrics were all by Maître Gims whereas the music was by Maître Gims, Renaud Rebillaud and Stan-E Music. The album was a big success charting in France (reaching #2), Belgium (reaching #1) as well as charting in Switzerland.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
The shift away from what genre of the musical style that Subliminal performs in, is Kanye credited for?
|
[
{
"id": 817662,
"question": "Subliminal >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__375784_83050
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Margaret Morris (dancer)",
"paragraph_text": "Margaret Morris (1891 in Kensington, London, England – 29 February 1980 in Glasgow, Scotland) was a British dancer, choreographer and teacher. She was the first proponent of the Isadora Duncan technique in Great Britain. She founded the Margaret Morris Movement, Celtic Ballet, and two Scottish National Ballets in Glasgow (1947) and in Pitlochry (1960). Morris devised a system of movement notation, which was first published in 1928.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Yankee Stadium (1923)",
"paragraph_text": "In 2006, the Yankees began building a new $2.3 billion stadium in public parkland adjacent to the stadium. The price included $1.2 billion in public subsidies. The design includes a replica of the frieze along the roof that was in Yankee Stadium. Monument Park, a Hall of Fame for prominent former Yankees, was relocated to the new stadium. Yankee Stadium closed following the 2008 baseball season and the new stadium opened in 2009, adopting the ``Yankee Stadium ''moniker. The original Yankee Stadium was demolished in 2010, two years after it closed, and the 8 - acre site was converted into a park called Heritage Field. The new Yankee stadium opened in 2009 and is currently used by the NY Yankees.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kensington Roof Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "The building housed the department store Derry and Toms until 1973, and then Biba until 1975. Since the 1980s the garden has been used as a restaurant and club.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "List of The Open Championship champions",
"paragraph_text": "Harry Vardon holds the record for the most Open Championship victories, winning six times during his career. The oldest winner of the Open Championship is Tom Morris Sr. (or Old Tom Morris) who was 46 years and 102 days old when he won in 1867. His son, Tom Morris Jr., is the youngest winner of the championship, he was 17 years and 156 days old when he won the 1868 Open Championship. He also won the most consecutive times with four victories (1868 -- 72). Henrik Stenson holds the dual distinction of being both the most strokes under par for 72 holes (− 20) and also recording the lowest total score (264) when he won in 2016.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Ballarat Botanical Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "The Ballarat Botanical Gardens Reserve, located on the western shore of picturesque Lake Wendouree, in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, covers an area of 40 hectares which is divided into three distinct zones. The central Botanical Gardens reserve in the 'gardenesque' style of the Victorian pleasure garden. On either side there are open parkland buffers known as the North and South Gardens. The Gardens celebrated its sesquicentenary (150 years old) in 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Way Four",
"paragraph_text": "Way Four is a public art work by artist Bernard Kirschenbaum at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The stainless steel sculpture is an open circle that creates an orbit for two triangles; it is installed on the lawn.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Star Wars Day",
"paragraph_text": "Apocryphally, the reference was first used on May 4, 1979, the day Margaret Thatcher took office as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. An online news article from the Danish public broadcaster says her political party, the Conservatives, placed a congratulatory advertisement in The London Evening News, saying ``May the Fourth Be with You, Maggie. Congratulations. ''",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Highline Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Highline Botanical Garden is a community botanical garden located at 13735 24th Avenue South, SeaTac, Washington. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "Another important library – the University Library, founded in 1816, is home to over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzyński and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 December 1999. It is surrounded by green. The University Library garden, designed by Irena Bajerska, was opened on 12 June 2002. It is one of the largest and most beautiful roof gardens in Europe with an area of more than 10,000 m2 (107,639.10 sq ft), and plants covering 5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft). As the university garden it is open to the public every day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Cleveland Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Botanical Garden, located in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, was founded in 1930 as the Garden Center of Greater Cleveland. It was the first such organization in an American city. Originally housed in a converted boathouse on Wade Park Lagoon, the center served as a horticultural library, offering classes and workshops for gardeners and spearheading beautification projects in the community. In 1966, having outgrown its original home, the Garden Center moved to its present location in University Circle, the site of the old Cleveland Zoo. Remnants of the old bear pit still remain in the Ohio Woodland Garden. In 1994, the organization's Board of Trustees changed the name to Cleveland Botanical Garden to reflect a dramatically expanded mission and launched an ambitious capital campaign to develop a facility that would support the enhanced program agenda. The expanded and renovated building, designed by Graham Gund Architects of Cambridge, Massachusetts, opened to the public in July 2003.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "National Orchid Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The National Orchid Garden, located within the Singapore Botanic Gardens, was opened on 20 October 1995 by Singapore's Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "London Transport Museum",
"paragraph_text": "The museum operates from two sites within London. The main site in Covent Garden uses the name of its parent institution, sometimes suffixed by \"Covent Garden\", and is open to the public every day, having reopened in 2007 after a two-year refurbishment. The other site, located in Acton, is known as the London Transport Museum Depot and is principally a storage site that is open on regular visitor days throughout the year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Garvan Woodland Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "Garvan Woodland Gardens is a 210-acre (850,000 m²) botanical garden located at 550 Arkridge Road, approximately 6 miles from Hot Springs National Park in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States. Owned by the University of Arkansas, it has the stated mission of education, research and public service. For an admission fee, it is open daily, except on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and the month of January.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens is a nonprofit, volunteer-run living museum specializing in iris flowers, located at 474 Upper Mountain Avenue, Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The gardens are situated on 6.5 acres. Adjacent to the gardens is a Victorian house, the Walther House. The house is open to the public and is home to a museum shop and headquarters for the Citizens Committee that oversees the gardens.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "1867 Open Championship",
"paragraph_text": "The 1867 Open Championship was the eighth Open Championship and was held on 26 September at Prestwick Golf Club. Tom Morris, Sr. won the championship for the fourth time, by two shots from Willie Park, Sr. Tom Morris, Sr. was 46 years old and remains the oldest Open Championship winner.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Jardin botanique de Sedan",
"paragraph_text": "The Jardin botanique de Sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on Philippoteaux Avenue beside the Place d'Alsace-Lorraine, Sedan, Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Mehan Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Mehan Garden is an open space in Manila, Philippines. It was established in 1858 by the Spanish colonial authorities as a botanical garden, called the \"Jardín Botánico\", outside the walled city.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Walter Biggar Blaikie",
"paragraph_text": "Second of the seven recorded sons of Margaret Catherine Biggar and William Garden Blaikie, minister of Pilrig Free Church, Walter Biggar Blaikie was educated at Edinburgh Academy and the University of Edinburgh.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Dallam Tower",
"paragraph_text": "Dallam Tower is a grade I listed country house in Beetham parish, near Milnthorpe, South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. It is a member of the Historic Houses Association but is not open to the public except for occasional charity events, visits to the garden through the National Gardens Scheme, and as a wedding venue.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Elven C. Smith House",
"paragraph_text": "Elven C. Smith House is a historic home located at Williamson, Mingo County, West Virginia. It was built in 1938, in a Neo-Classical Revival / Georgian Revival style. It is a red brick building with a hipped roof and features a two-story, flat roofed portico supported by fluted columns. Also on the property is a stone retaining wall and monumental stairway in the landscaped gardens.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the roof gardens above the neighborhood where Margaret Morris was born open to the public?
|
[
{
"id": 375784,
"question": "Margaret Morris >> place of birth",
"answer": "Kensington",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 83050,
"question": "when did the roof gardens above #1 open to the public",
"answer": "1980s",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] |
1980s
|
[] | true |
2hop__636483_57673
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "I Swear",
"paragraph_text": "``I Swear ''is a ballad written by Gary Baker and Frank J. Myers that became a hit for two acts in 1993. Initially, it was a number - one single on the U.S. Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for American country music artist John Michael Montgomery at the beginning of the year. His version crossed over to pop radio and climbed to number 42 on the US Billboard Hot 100. A few months later, American pop group All - 4 - One covered the song and achieved great success in many countries. In Latin America it has been translated`` Juraré'' performed by the Costa Rican group Centinelas Vocal Band. In 1998, the Mexican country band Caballo Dorado recorded a Spanish version called ``Ya sé ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Let There Be Love (1993 Joni James album)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Let There Be Love\" was an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "I Swear",
"paragraph_text": "``I Swear ''is a ballad written by Gary Baker and Frank J. Myers that became a hit for two acts in 1993. Initially, it was a number - one single on the U.S. Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for American country music artist John Michael Montgomery at the beginning of the year. His version crossed over to pop radio and climbed to number 42 on the Billboard Hot 100. A few months later, American pop group All - 4 - One covered the song and achieved great success in many countries. In Latin America it has been translated`` Juraré'' performed by the Costa Rican group Centinelas Vocal Band. In 1998, the Mexican country band Caballo Dorado recorded a Spanish version called ``Ya sé ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)",
"paragraph_text": "``I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles) ''is a song written and performed by Scottish duo The Proclaimers, and first released as the lead single from their 1988 album Sunshine on Leith. The song reached number 11 in the UK Singles Chart on its initial release, and it has since become their most popular song worldwide, initially becoming a number 1 hit in Iceland, before reaching number 1 in both Australia and New Zealand in early 1989.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "When I Held Ya",
"paragraph_text": "\"When I Held Ya\" is a song performed by singer Moa Lignell, who finished third on Swedish Idol 2011. The song was released on 20 January 2012 as a Digital download on iTunes in Sweden. The song has peaked to number 4 on the Swedish Singles Chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Hi, How Ya Doin'?",
"paragraph_text": "\"Hi, How Ya Doin'?\" is a song written by Steve Horton and performed by Kenny G, released by Arista Records. Uncredited vocals were provided by Barry Johnson. It reached number 23 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" R&B Singles chart in 1984.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "If It Makes You Happy",
"paragraph_text": "``If It Makes You Happy ''is the lead single from Sheryl Crow's 1996 eponymous album. The song peaked at number ten on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the US. The track won Best Female Rock Vocal Performance at the 1997 Grammy Awards. The song ties with her hit,`` My Favorite Mistake'', as her third highest - charting single in the UK, reaching number nine on the UK Singles Chart. It also peaked at No. 1 in Canada and was her second No. 1 hit on the Canadian Hot AC chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Tom Frager",
"paragraph_text": "Tom Frager (born 1 July 1977 in Dakar, Senegal) is a French songwriter and performer in the group Gwayav' and is ten times a surfer winner in Guadeloupe. He is primarily known for his French hit \"Lady Melody\", which was number-one for four weeks.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "It's Still Rock and Roll to Me",
"paragraph_text": "``It's Still Rock and Roll to Me ''is a hit 1980 song performed by Billy Joel, from the hit album Glass Houses. The song was number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts for two weeks, from July 19 through August 1, 1980. The song spent 11 weeks in the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 and was the 7th biggest hit of 1980 according to American Top 40. The song is an examination of the themes of a musician's degrading fame and public tastes that were expressed in his 1975 hit`` The Entertainer''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Finish What Ya Started",
"paragraph_text": "\"Finish What Ya Started\" is a song by Van Halen taken from their 1988 album \"OU812\". Despite the album being seemingly complete, Eddie Van Halen came up with the riff at 2 in the morning and went down to his then-neighbor Sammy Hagar to show it. Hagar let Eddie in, and the two played guitars in his balcony until they had a completed song. Once Eddie left, Hagar decided to write the lyrics despite being late at night. The theme wound up being unfulfilled sex, summed up by Hagar as \"blue balls\". In the song, Eddie Van Halen recorded his guitar part on a Fender Stratocaster plugged direct into the studio mixing console. The song is one of only two Van Halen tracks featuring Sammy Hagar playing a rhythm guitar part, which he played on a Gibson acoustic.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "I'll Be Seeing You (song)",
"paragraph_text": "Featured throughout the 1944 movie also titled I'll Be Seeing You, starring Ginger Rogers and Joseph Cotten (when it was performed by the off - screen voice of Louanne Hogan), the recording by Bing Crosby became a hit that year, reaching number one for the week of July 1. Later the song became notably associated with Liberace, as the theme music to his television show of the 1950s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)",
"paragraph_text": "``Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This) ''is a song written and performed by the British new wave music duo Eurythmics. The song is the title track of their album of the same name and was released as the fourth and final single from the album in early 1983. The song became their breakthrough hit, establishing the duo worldwide. Its music video helped to propel the song to number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It was the first single released by Eurythmics in the US.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Van Halen discography",
"paragraph_text": "As of 2007, Van Halen has sold 75 million albums worldwide and have had thirteen No. 1 hits on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart. During the 1980s they also had more Billboard Hot 100 hits than any other hard rock or heavy metal band. According to the RIAA, Van Halen is the nineteenth best - selling band / artist of all time with sales of over 56 million albums in the US, and is one of five rock bands that have had two albums (Van Halen and 1984) sell more than ten million copies in the US.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine",
"paragraph_text": "``You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine ''(written by Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff) is a song performed by R&B singer Lou Rawls on his 1976 album All Things in Time. The song proved to be Rawls' breakthrough hit, reaching number one on both the R&B and Easy Listening charts as well as number four on the dance chart and number two on the US Billboard Hot 100, where it was kept from the top spot for two weeks by`` You Should Be Dancing'' by The Bee Gees and ``(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty ''by KC and the Sunshine Band, respectively. This was the first and only time that one of Rawls' records managed to reach Billboard's pop top ten. It was the first big hit for Philadelphia International to feature the reformulated MFSB, after many of the original members left Gamble and Huff for better opportunities. The song started Rawls' live shows from 1977 on.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Fabulous Five Inc.",
"paragraph_text": "The Fabulous Five Inc. (also known as Fab 5) is a reggae and soca band formed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. Over a 45-year career, they have released 26 albums, had many number 1 hits in Jamaica, and were the featured musicians on Johnny Nash's platinum album \"I Can See Clearly Now\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Summertime Blues",
"paragraph_text": "``Summertime Blues ''is a song co-written and recorded by American rockabilly artist Eddie Cochran. It was written by Cochran and his manager Jerry Capehart. Originally a single B - side, it was released in August 1958 and peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 on September 29, 1958 and number 18 on the UK Singles Chart. It has been covered by many artists, including being a number - one hit for country music artist Alan Jackson, and scoring notable hits in versions by The Who, Blue Cheer and Brian Setzer, the latter of whom recorded his version for the 1987 film La Bamba, where he portrayed Cochran. Jimi Hendrix performed it in concert.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Seer (band)",
"paragraph_text": "The band had a long string of album releases many reaching number 1 on the Austrian official charts. The band also had a number of hit singles. It won the Amadeus Austrian Music Award in the category Group Pop / Rock in 2003 followed in 2009, with another Amadeus Award win in the Schlager category.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "You're No Good",
"paragraph_text": "``You're No Good ''is a song written by Clint Ballard, Jr., first performed by Dee Dee Warwick for Jubilee Records in 1963 with production by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. It has since been covered by many artists, including charting versions by Betty Everett in 1963, The Swinging Blue Jeans in 1964, and Linda Ronstadt in 1975, whose version was a number 1 hit in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Magnet and Steel",
"paragraph_text": "``Magnet and Steel ''is a hit single written and performed by Walter Egan, released in May 1978. It was the first and greatest hit on Egan's second solo LP, Not Shy. It reached number eight on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and number nine in Canada. It spent 22 weeks on the American charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Prime number",
"paragraph_text": "Most early Greeks did not even consider 1 to be a number, so they could not consider it to be a prime. By the Middle Ages and Renaissance many mathematicians included 1 as the first prime number. In the mid-18th century Christian Goldbach listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with Leonhard Euler -- who did not agree. In the 19th century many mathematicians still considered the number 1 to be a prime. For example, Derrick Norman Lehmer's list of primes up to 10,006,721, reprinted as late as 1956, started with 1 as its first prime. Henri Lebesgue is said to be the last professional mathematician to call 1 prime. By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number, but rather forms its own special category as a \"unit\".",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
How many #1 hits did the performer of Finish What Ya Started have?
|
[
{
"id": 636483,
"question": "Finish What Ya Started >> performer",
"answer": "Van Halen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 57673,
"question": "how many number 1 hits did #1 have",
"answer": "thirteen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] |
thirteen
|
[] | true |
2hop__52359_20122
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Sang Nila Utama",
"paragraph_text": "Sang Nila Utama is a Srivijaya prince from Palembang said to have founded the Kingdom of Singapura in 1299. His official title adopted upon his coronation, was Sri Maharaja Sang Utama Parameswara Batara Sri Tri Buana, which can be translated as ``Central Lord King of the Three Worlds ''. The`` Three Worlds'' may refer to the three realms of the universe -- the heaven of the gods, the world of humans, and the underworld of demons. A few early kings in South East Asia had used the title Sri Tri Buana or ``Lord of the Three Worlds ''. He died in 1347; his son, Paduka Seri Wikrama Wira succeeded him. The account of his life is given in the Malay Annals. However, the historicity of the events as given in the Malay Annals is debated by scholars, and some believe that Sang Nila Utama may be a mythical person.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Jehovah's Witnesses",
"paragraph_text": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in \"woe\" to humanity. They believe that Jesus rules invisibly, from heaven, perceived only as a series of \"signs\". They base this belief on a rendering of the Greek word parousia—usually translated as \"coming\" when referring to Christ—as \"presence\". They believe Jesus' presence includes an unknown period beginning with his inauguration as king in heaven in 1914, and ending when he comes to bring a final judgment against humans on earth. They thus depart from the mainstream Christian belief that the \"second coming\" of Matthew 24 refers to a single moment of arrival on earth to judge humans.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Having attended art college, Mercury also designed Queen's logo, called the Queen crest, shortly before the release of the band's first album. The logo combines the zodiac signs of all four members: two lions for Leo (Deacon and Taylor), a crab for Cancer (May), and two fairies for Virgo (Mercury). The lions embrace a stylised letter Q, the crab rests atop the letter with flames rising directly above it, and the fairies are each sheltering below a lion. There is also a crown inside the Q and the whole logo is over-shadowed by an enormous phoenix. The whole symbol bears a passing resemblance to the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, particularly with the lion supporters. The original logo, as found on the reverse-side of the first album cover, was a simple line drawing but more intricate colour versions were used on later sleeves.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Stairway to Heaven",
"paragraph_text": "``Stairway to Heaven ''is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in late 1971. It was composed by guitarist Jimmy Page and vocalist Robert Plant for the band's untitled fourth studio album (often called Led Zeppelin IV). It is often referred to as one of the greatest rock songs of all time.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirmed that the band's new deal was with Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. For the first time since the late 1980s, Queen's catalogue will have the same distributor worldwide, as their current North American label—Hollywood Records—is currently distributed by Universal (for a time in the late 1980s, Queen was on EMI-owned Capitol Records in the US).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Boyzone",
"paragraph_text": "In 1993, an advertisement appeared in many Irish newspapers calling for auditions to form a new Irish \"boy band\" group. The advertisements were sent out by theatrical manager Walsh who was looking to make an \"Irish Take That\" following on from their success. The auditions were held in The Ormond Center, in Dublin, in November 1993. More than 300 people replied to the advertisement. At the auditions the applicants were asked to sing the song \"Careless Whisper\" by George Michael. Each audition would be taped and watched again to judge the applicant's performance. Out of the 300, 50 were selected for a second audition. For the second audition the applicants where asked to sing two songs, including one of their own choice with a backing tape. Mikey Graham sang \"Two Out of Three Ain't Bad\" by Meat Loaf, Keith Duffy sang \"I'm Too Sexy\" by Right Said Fred, Ronan Keating sang \"Father and Son\" by Cat Stevens (a cover version of which the band would later release), and Stephen Gately sang \"Hello\" by Lionel Richie. Out of this 50, 10 were selected for a third audition. In the end, Keating, Gately, Duffy, Richard Rock (son of Dickie Rock), Shane Lynch and Mark Walton were chosen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States is a 1940 oil-on-canvas painting by Howard Chandler Christy, depicting the Constitutional Convention signing the U.S. Constitution at Independence Hall in Philadelphia on September 17, 1787. Along with \"Washington Crossing the Delaware\" by Emanuel Leutze, the painting is one of the most famous depictions of the early days of the United States. Christy created the painting in April 1940; it is so large (20 × 30') that he painted it in a sail loft. It currently is displayed along the east stairway in the House of Representatives wing in the Capitol building.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Days of Thunder (soundtrack)",
"paragraph_text": "``The Last Note of Freedom ''- David Coverdale`` Deal for Life'' - John Waite ``Break Through the Barrier ''- Tina Turner`` Hearts in Trouble'' - Chicago ``Trail of Broken Hearts ''- Cher`` Knockin 'on Heaven's Door'' - Guns N' Roses ``You Gotta Love Someone ''- Elton John`` Show Me Heaven'' - Maria McKee ``Thunderbox ''- Apollo Smile`` Long Live the Night'' - Joan Jett & The Blackhearts ``Gimme Some Lovin '''- Terry Reid (Spencer Davis Group version appears in movie)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Angel of the Morning",
"paragraph_text": "In 1995, Chrissie Hynde and The Pretenders sang their own version on the Friends soundtrack album. The song was released as a single, but it did not chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Cuban X-Giants",
"paragraph_text": "The Cuban X-Giants were a professional Negro league baseball team that played from 1896 to 1906. Originally most of the players were former Cuban Giants, or ex-Giants. Like the Cuban Giants, the original players were not Cuban (though the team would later sign Cuban players). Edward B. Lamar Jr. served as business manager for the team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Never Let Her Slip Away",
"paragraph_text": "\"Never Let Her Slip Away\" is a song written by Andrew Gold, who recorded it for his third album, \"All This and Heaven Too\". The single reached #5 on the UK Singles Chart, and #67 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1978. Queen frontman Freddie Mercury contributed harmony vocals to the song, as an uncredited background singer. A 1992 cover version by dance outfit Undercover was also an international hit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Our Lady of the Angels School fire",
"paragraph_text": "On December 1, 1958, a fire broke out at Our Lady of the Angels School in Chicago, Illinois, shortly before classes were to be dismissed for the day. The fire originated in the basement of the school near the foot of a stairway. The elementary school was operated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago and had an enrollment of approximately 1600 students. A total of 92 pupils and 3 nuns ultimately died when smoke, heat, fire, and toxic gasses cut off their normal means of escape through corridors and stairways. Many more were injured when they jumped from second - floor windows which, because the building had a raised basement, were nearly as high as a third floor would be on level ground (c. 25 ft.).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Daddy Sang Bass",
"paragraph_text": "\"Daddy Sang Bass\" is a 1968 single written by Carl Perkins, with lines from the chorus of \"Will the Circle Be Unbroken?\" and recorded by Johnny Cash. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was Johnny Cash's sixty-first release on the country chart. The song went to No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" country chart for 6 weeks and spent a total of 19 weeks on the chart. The single reached No. 56 on the \"Cashbox\" pop singles chart in 1969. \"Daddy Sang Bass\" was also released on the Columbia Records Hall of Fame Series as a 45, #13-33153, b/w \"Folsom Prison Blues\" (live version). The record was nominated in the CMA awards category of Single of the Year by the Country Music Association (CMA) in 1969.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The Rascals",
"paragraph_text": "Eddie Brigati (vocals), Felix Cavaliere (keyboard, vocals), Gene Cornish (guitar) and Dino Danelli (drums) started the band in Brigati and Danelli's hometown of Garfield, New Jersey. Brigati, Cavaliere, and Cornish had previously been members of Joey Dee and the Starliters. Eddie's brother, David Brigati, an original Starliter, helped arrange the vocal harmonies and sang backgrounds on many of the group's recordings (informally earning the designation as the ``fifth Rascal ''). When Atlantic Records signed them, they discovered that another group, Borrah Minnevitch's and Johnny Puleo's' Harmonica Rascals', objected to their release of records under the name 'The Rascals'. To avoid conflict, managers Sid Bernstein and founder Billy (Amato) Smith decided to rename the group 'The Young Rascals'.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Brantley Gilbert",
"paragraph_text": "Brantley Keith Gilbert (born January 20, 1985) is an American country music singer, songwriter and record producer from Jefferson, Georgia. He was originally signed to Colt Ford's label, Average Joes Entertainment, where he released \"Modern Day Prodigal Son\" and \"Halfway to Heaven\". He is now signed to the Valory division of Big Machine Records where he has released three studio albums—a deluxe edition of \"Halfway to Heaven\", \"Just as I Am\", \"The Devil Don't Sleep\", and 11 country chart entries, four of which have gone to number one. He also wrote Jason Aldean's singles \"My Kinda Party\" and \"Dirt Road Anthem\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "M-144 (1937–1939 Michigan highway)",
"paragraph_text": "M-144 was the designation assigned to two former state trunkline highways in the US state of Michigan. The original version of M-144 existed as a spur connecting the Michigan State Police headquarters in East Lansing to Michigan Avenue, which was signed M-39 at the time. It was designated by 1937 and decommissioned in 1939, after which time the designation was shifted to the second version of M-144 further north in Roscommon and Oscoda counties.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "SoundGirl",
"paragraph_text": "Beardshaw and Shortland were friends and school classmates in London that sang together before another girl from their neighbourhood, Redmond, joined them to form SoundGirl. A management company, Angelic Union, held auditions for a girl band project in a dance studio. The three girls went, wrote a song in ten minutes, and sang it for Angelic Union, who reportedly signed them on the spot.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Mandate of Heaven",
"paragraph_text": "The Mandate of Heaven or Tian Ming (Chinese: 天命; pinyin: Tiānmìng; Wade -- Giles: T'ien - ming) is a Chinese political and religious doctrine used since ancient times to justify the rule of the Emperor of China. According to this belief, heaven (天, Tian) -- which embodies the natural order and will of the universe -- bestows the mandate on a just ruler of China, the ``Heavenly Son ''of the`` Celestial Empire''. If a ruler was overthrown, this was interpreted as an indication that the ruler was unworthy, and had lost the mandate. It was also a common belief that natural disasters such as famine and flood were signs of heaven's displeasure with the ruler, so there would often be revolts following major disasters as citizens saw these as signs that the Mandate of Heaven had been withdrawn.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What manager of the performer of the original version of Stairway to Heaven tried to sign Queen?
|
[
{
"id": 52359,
"question": "who sang the original version of stairway to heaven",
"answer": "Led Zeppelin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 20122,
"question": "What manager of #1 tried to sign Queen?",
"answer": "Peter Grant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] |
Peter Grant
|
[] | true |
2hop__288614_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "La Paz",
"paragraph_text": "In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Dry (rapper)",
"paragraph_text": "In addition to his solo work, Dry is a member of French rap group Intouchable alongside band member Demon One (real name Hakim Sid). He is also part of the French rap collective Mafia K-1 Fry (sometimes stylized as Mafia K'1 Fry) alongside the other Intouchable member Demon One. Intouchable, Dry and Demon One had a lot of collaborations with other members of the collective.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Kanye is credited for the shift away from what genre, of the musical style Dry performs in?
|
[
{
"id": 288614,
"question": "Dry >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__821171_20122
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Birthday cake",
"paragraph_text": "In 18th century Germany, the history of candles on cakes can be traced back to Kinderfest, a birthday celebration for children. This tradition also makes use of candles and cakes. German children were taken to an auditorium - like space. There, they were free to celebrate another year in a place where Germans believed that adults protected children from the evil spirits attempting to steal their souls. In those times there was no tradition of bringing gifts to a birthday; guests would merely bring good wishes for the birthday person. However, if a guest did bring gifts it was considered to be a good sign for the person whose birthday it was. Later, flowers became quite popular as a birthday gift.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Canada Act 1982",
"paragraph_text": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Cuban X-Giants",
"paragraph_text": "The Cuban X-Giants were a professional Negro league baseball team that played from 1896 to 1906. Originally most of the players were former Cuban Giants, or ex-Giants. Like the Cuban Giants, the original players were not Cuban (though the team would later sign Cuban players). Edward B. Lamar Jr. served as business manager for the team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Ziri Rideaux",
"paragraph_text": "Ziri Rideaux (born January 4, 1967 in (Germany)) is a filmmaker, journalist and artist. She has directed films like \"Backgammon\", \"The Treewoman\" and \"Burning Man\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Oxygen",
"paragraph_text": "One of the first known experiments on the relationship between combustion and air was conducted by the 2nd century BCE Greek writer on mechanics, Philo of Byzantium. In his work Pneumatica, Philo observed that inverting a vessel over a burning candle and surrounding the vessel's neck with water resulted in some water rising into the neck. Philo incorrectly surmised that parts of the air in the vessel were converted into the classical element fire and thus were able to escape through pores in the glass. Many centuries later Leonardo da Vinci built on Philo's work by observing that a portion of air is consumed during combustion and respiration.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Yablochkov candle",
"paragraph_text": "A Yablochkov candle (sometimes electric candle) is a type of electric carbon arc lamp, invented in 1876 by Pavel Yablochkov.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Colectiv nightclub fire",
"paragraph_text": "The Colectiv nightclub fire was a fire in Bucharest, Romania, on 30 October 2015, which killed 64 people (26 on site, 38 in hospitals) and injured 146. The fire, the worst incident in Romania since the Balotești plane crash, occurred during a free concert performed by the metalcore band Goodbye to Gravity to celebrate the release of their new album, \"Mantras of War\". The band's pyrotechnics, consisting of sparkler firework candles, ignited the club's flammable polyurethane acoustic foam, and the fire spread rapidly. Most of the victims were poisoned by toxins released from the burning foam. Overwhelmed by the high number of victims, Romanian authorities transferred some of the seriously injured to hospitals in Israel, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, the United Kingdom, Norway, Germany and France. Mass protests over the corruption linked to the fire led to the resignation of the Prime Minister of Romania, Victor Ponta.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "On 25 and 26 April, May and Taylor appeared on the eleventh series of American Idol at the Nokia Theatre, Los Angeles, performing a Queen medley with the six finalists on the first show, and the following day performed \"Somebody to Love\" with the 'Queen Extravaganza' band. Queen were scheduled to headline Sonisphere at Knebworth on 7 July 2012 with Adam Lambert before the festival was cancelled. Queen's final concert with Freddie Mercury was in Knebworth in 1986. Brian May commented, \"It's a worthy challenge for us, and I'm sure Adam would meet with Freddie's approval.\" Queen expressed disappointment at the cancellation and released a statement to the effect that they were looking to find another venue. It was later announced that Queen + Adam Lambert would play two shows at the Hammersmith Apollo, London on 11 and 12 July 2012. Both shows sold out within 24 hours of tickets going on open sale. A third London date was scheduled for 14 July. On 30 June, Queen + Lambert performed in Kiev, Ukraine at a joint concert with Elton John for the Elena Pinchuk ANTIAIDS Foundation. Queen also performed with Lambert on 3 July 2012 at Moscow's Olympic Stadium, and on 7 July 2012 at the Municipal Stadium in Wroclaw, Poland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1997, Queen returned to the studio to record \"No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)\", a song dedicated to Mercury and all those that die too soon. It was released as a bonus track on the Queen Rocks compilation album later that year. In January 1997, Queen performed \"The Show Must Go On\" live with Elton John and the Béjart Ballet in Paris on a night Mercury was remembered, and it marked the last performance and public appearance of John Deacon, who chose to retire. The Paris concert was only the second time Queen had played live since Mercury's death, prompting Elton John to urge them to perform again.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "English Renaissance theatre",
"paragraph_text": "One distinctive feature of the companies was that they included only males. Female parts were played by adolescent boy players in women's costume. Some companies were composed entirely of boy players. Performances in the public theatres (like the Globe) took place in the afternoon with no artificial lighting, but when, in the course of a play, the light began to fade, candles were lit. In the enclosed private theatres (like the Blackfriars) artificial lighting was used throughout. Plays contained little to no scenery as the scenery was described by the actors or indicated by costume through the course of the play.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Burn Like a Candle",
"paragraph_text": "Burn Like a Candle is a bootleg recording of the English rock group Led Zeppelin's performance at the Los Angeles Forum on June 25, 1972. It was originally released on CD format in the 1990s by the Smoking Pig label.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1982, the band released the album Hot Space, a departure from their trademark seventies sound, this time being a mixture of rock, pop rock, dance, funk, and R&B. Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band's history, and Taylor and May lamented the new sound, with both being very critical of the influence Mercury's personal manager Paul Prenter had on the singer. May was also scathing of Prenter, who was Mercury's manager from the early 1980s to 1984, for being dismissive of the importance of radio stations, such as the US networks, and their vital connection between the artist and the community, and for denying them access to Mercury. The band stopped touring North America after their Hot Space Tour, as their success there had waned, although they would perform on American television for the only time during the eighth season premiere of Saturday Night Live. Queen left Elektra Records, their label in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, and signed onto EMI/Capitol Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirmed that the band's new deal was with Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. For the first time since the late 1980s, Queen's catalogue will have the same distributor worldwide, as their current North American label—Hollywood Records—is currently distributed by Universal (for a time in the late 1980s, Queen was on EMI-owned Capitol Records in the US).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Queens Club (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Queens Club was an alternative rock band from Kansas City, Missouri who were signed to Tooth & Nail Records. Queens Club formed in 2007 with former members of The Chariot, Dan Eaton (Vocals/ guitar), and Jake Ryan (drums), as well as Andy Nichols (guitar) and Tyler Bottles (bass). The band signed to Tooth and Nail records in 2009, and has released one EP, \"Nightmarer\", and one full-length album \"Young Giant\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Paschal candle",
"paragraph_text": "A Paschal candle is a large, white candle used in liturgies in Western Christianity (viz., the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, and Lutheran churches, among others). A new Paschal candle is blessed and lit every year at Easter, and is used throughout the Paschal season which is during Easter and then throughout the year on special occasions, such as baptisms and funerals.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "I Sat by the Ocean",
"paragraph_text": "\"I Sat by the Ocean\" is the second single by American rock band Queens of the Stone Age from their sixth studio album, \"...Like Clockwork\" (2013). It was released on August 6, 2013, shortly after the band's performance at Lollapalooza music festival on August 4.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Paul Burns",
"paragraph_text": "During his career, Burns played in two spells for Queen of the South punctuated with a season at Dunfermline Athletic. His most prominent moment was scoring for Queens in their 4-3 Scottish Cup semi final victory over Aberdeen in 2008. He left the professional ranks in 2015 at the age of 31 to take a career outside football. He joined the Scottish Junior Football setup with his home town club.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hannover 96",
"paragraph_text": "Many fans immediately flocked to Hannover 96's AWD-Arena home to lay flowers and light candles and sign the book of condolences upon news breaking. His former club Barcelona held a minute's silence before their game that night, and several international matches the following weekend paid the same tribute. As a mark of respect, the German national team cancelled their friendly match against Chile which had been scheduled for 14 November. A minute's silence was also held at all Bundesliga games during on 21 and 22 November 2009, as well as at Benfica's game in the Taça de Portugal, a former club of Enke. Germany also cancelled a planned training session and all interviews after his death. Oliver Bierhoff, the national team's general manager, said, \"We are all shocked. We are lost for words.\"",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What manager of the performers of Burn Like a Candle tried to sign Queen?
|
[
{
"id": 821171,
"question": "Burn Like a Candle >> performer",
"answer": "Led Zeppelin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 20122,
"question": "What manager of #1 tried to sign Queen?",
"answer": "Peter Grant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] |
Peter Grant
|
[] | true |
2hop__677048_20122
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "City of Broken Hill",
"paragraph_text": "The City of Broken Hill is a local government area in the Far West region of New South Wales, Australia. The area contains an isolated mining city, Broken Hill, located in the outback of New South Wales and is surrounded by the Unincorporated Far West Region. The City is located adjacent to the Silver City and Barrier Highways and the Broken Hill railway line.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirmed that the band's new deal was with Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. For the first time since the late 1980s, Queen's catalogue will have the same distributor worldwide, as their current North American label—Hollywood Records—is currently distributed by Universal (for a time in the late 1980s, Queen was on EMI-owned Capitol Records in the US).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "(I'd Be) A Legend in My Time",
"paragraph_text": "``(I'd Be) A Legend in My Time ''is a song written and recorded by Don Gibson in 1960. It appeared as the B - side of his hit`` Far Far Away'', from the album Sweet Dreams. Gibson re-recorded the song on the 1972 album Country Green.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In May 2011, Jane's Addiction vocalist Perry Farrell noted that Queen are currently scouting their once former and current live bassist Chris Chaney to join the band. Farrell stated: \"I have to keep Chris away from Queen, who want him and they're not gonna get him unless we're not doing anything. Then they can have him.\" In the same month, Paul Rodgers stated he may tour with Queen again in the near future. At the 2011 Broadcast Music, Incorporated (BMI) Awards held in London on 4 October, Queen received the BMI Icon Award in recognition for their airplay success in the US. At the 2011 MTV Europe Music Awards on 6 November, Queen received the Global Icon Award, which Katy Perry presented to Brian May. Queen closed the awards ceremony, with Adam Lambert on vocals, performing \"The Show Must Go On\", \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\". The collaboration garnered a positive response from both fans and critics, resulting in speculation about future projects together.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Star Wars",
"paragraph_text": "Star Wars is an American epic space opera media franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters ``a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Faerie Queene",
"paragraph_text": "Throughout The Faerie Queene, Spenser creates ``a network of allusions to events, issues, and particular persons in England and Ireland ''including Mary, Queen of Scots, the Spanish Armada, the English Reformation, and even the Queen herself. It is also known that James VI of Scotland read the poem, and was very insulted by Duessa -- a very negative depiction of his mother, Mary, Queen of Scots. The Faerie Queene was then banned in Scotland. This led to a significant decrease in Elizabeth's support for the poem. Within the text, both the Faerie Queene and Belphoebe serve as two of the many personifications of Queen Elizabeth, some of which are`` far from complimentary''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Saturday Night Fever",
"paragraph_text": "Tony's friends come to the car along with an intoxicated Annette. Joey says she has agreed to have sex with everyone. Tony tries to lead her away, but is subdued by Double J and Joey, and sullenly leaves with the group in the car. Double J and Joey rape Annette. Bobby C. pulls the car over on the Verrazano - Narrows Bridge for their usual cable - climbing antics. Instead of abstaining as usual, Bobby performs stunts more recklessly than the rest of the gang. Realizing that he is acting recklessly, Tony tries to get him to come down. Bobby's strong sense of despair, the situation with Pauline, and Tony's broken promise to call him earlier that day all lead to a suicidal tirade about Tony's lack of caring before Bobby slips and falls to his death in the water below.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "979fm",
"paragraph_text": "979fm (call sign: 3RIM) is a radio station based in the city of Melton, Victoria and is run by 3RIM Incorporated. The station's broadcast area covers the entire span of western and north western Melbourne, and has been known to stretch as far as Phillip Island in the Gippsland region, about 180 kilometres away from Melton.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Melrose Hill, Los Angeles",
"paragraph_text": "Melrose Hill is a small neighborhood within the city of Los Angeles, California, tucked away in an area of Hollywood near Hancock Park.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "She's So Far Away",
"paragraph_text": "\"She's So Far Away\" is a song by J.M. Silk, taken from the album \"Hold on to Your Dream\", which was released in 1987 on RCA Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Star Wars",
"paragraph_text": "Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "WHTS",
"paragraph_text": "WHTS (105.3 FM), licensed to Coopersville, Michigan, is a Top 40 (CHR) radio station in the Grand Rapids, Michigan market. WHTS is owned and operated by Cumulus Media and transmits with an ERP of 20,000 watts. It is heard as far north as Tustin, as far south as Otsego, and as far east as Carson City, Michigan; under the right conditions it can be heard as far away as Clare, Michigan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "On August 31, 1886, Charleston was nearly destroyed by an earthquake. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and as far east as Bermuda. It damaged 2,000 buildings in Charleston and caused $6 million worth of damage ($133 million in 2006 dollars), at a time when all the city's buildings were valued around $24 million ($531 million in 2006 dollars).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Over the Hills and Far Away (traditional song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Over the Hills and Far Away ''is a traditional British song, dating back to at least the late 17th century. One version was published in Thomas D'Urfey's Wit and Mirth, or Pills to Purge Melancholy; a very different one appeared in George Farquhar's 1706 play The Recruiting Officer. A version also appears in John Gay's The Beggar's Opera of 1728.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Over the Hills and Far Away (Led Zeppelin song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Over the Hills and Far Away\" is the third track from English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1973 album \"Houses of the Holy\". It was released as a single, with \"Dancing Days\" as the B-side, in the US.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Canada Act 1982",
"paragraph_text": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Spoitgendorf",
"paragraph_text": "Spoitgendorf is a village in the district of Rostock in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) in Germany. It has a population of approximately 200 people and is around 30 kilometres far away from Rostock.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] |
What manager of the performer of Over the Hills and Far Away tried to sign Queen?
|
[
{
"id": 677048,
"question": "Over the Hills and Far Away >> performer",
"answer": "Led Zeppelin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 20122,
"question": "What manager of #1 tried to sign Queen?",
"answer": "Peter Grant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] |
Peter Grant
|
[] | true |
2hop__584144_83050
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Beyoncé",
"paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York under heavy security. Two days later, Jay Z released \"Glory\", a song dedicated to their child, on his website Lifeandtimes.com. The song detailed the couple's pregnancy struggles, including a miscarriage Beyoncé suffered before becoming pregnant with Blue Ivy. Blue Ivy's cries are included at the end of the song, and she was officially credited as \"B.I.C.\" on it. At two days old, she became the youngest person ever to appear on a Billboard chart when \"Glory\" debuted on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Ivy Duke",
"paragraph_text": "Ivy Duke (9 June 1896, Kensington, London – 8 November 1937, London) was a British actress. She was married to the actor and director Guy Newall with whom she co-starred in several films.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens is a nonprofit, volunteer-run living museum specializing in iris flowers, located at 474 Upper Mountain Avenue, Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The gardens are situated on 6.5 acres. Adjacent to the gardens is a Victorian house, the Walther House. The house is open to the public and is home to a museum shop and headquarters for the Citizens Committee that oversees the gardens.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Dallam Tower",
"paragraph_text": "Dallam Tower is a grade I listed country house in Beetham parish, near Milnthorpe, South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. It is a member of the Historic Houses Association but is not open to the public except for occasional charity events, visits to the garden through the National Gardens Scheme, and as a wedding venue.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Ivy and Bean",
"paragraph_text": "Book 11 in the series, ``Ivy and Bean One Big Happy Family, ''is listed on Amazon.com for publication on August 28, 2018.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex",
"paragraph_text": "Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, (Edward Antony Richard Louis; born 10 March 1964) is the youngest of four children and the third son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. At the time of his birth, he was third in line of succession to the British throne; he is 11th. The Earl is a full-time working member of the British royal family and supports the Queen in her official duties – often alongside his wife, the Countess of Wessex – as well as undertaking public engagements for a large number of his own charities. In particular he has assumed many duties from his father, the Duke of Edinburgh, who retired from public life in 2017. Prince Edward succeeded Prince Philip as president of the Commonwealth Games Federation (vice-patron since 2006) and opened the 1990 Commonwealth Games in New Zealand and the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Malaysia. He has also taken over the Duke's role in the Duke of Edinburgh's Award Scheme.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Elven C. Smith House",
"paragraph_text": "Elven C. Smith House is a historic home located at Williamson, Mingo County, West Virginia. It was built in 1938, in a Neo-Classical Revival / Georgian Revival style. It is a red brick building with a hipped roof and features a two-story, flat roofed portico supported by fluted columns. Also on the property is a stone retaining wall and monumental stairway in the landscaped gardens.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Once Upon a Time (season 7)",
"paragraph_text": "Adelaide Kane as Drizella / Ivy Belfrey Rose Reynolds as Alice / Tilly Emma Booth as Mother Gothel / Eloise Gardener Rebecca Mader as Wicked Witch of the West / Zelena / Kelly Meegan Warner as young Rapunzel Tiera Skovbye as Robin Nathan Parsons as Jack / Nick Branson Yael Yurman as Anastasia",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Decameron Nights (1924 film)",
"paragraph_text": "Decameron Nights is a 1924 British-German silent drama film directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Lionel Barrymore, Ivy Duke and Werner Krauss. It is based on the novel \"Decameron\" by Giovanni Boccaccio.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Way Four",
"paragraph_text": "Way Four is a public art work by artist Bernard Kirschenbaum at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The stainless steel sculpture is an open circle that creates an orbit for two triangles; it is installed on the lawn.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "National Orchid Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The National Orchid Garden, located within the Singapore Botanic Gardens, was opened on 20 October 1995 by Singapore's Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Kensington Roof Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "The building housed the department store Derry and Toms until 1973, and then Biba until 1975. Since the 1980s the garden has been used as a restaurant and club.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "A Knight in London",
"paragraph_text": "A Knight in London (German: Eine Nacht in London) is a 1928 British-German silent drama film directed by Lupu Pick and starring Lilian Harvey, Ivy Duke and Robin Irvine. It was one of a significant number of co-productions between the two countries in the late 1920s. The film's direction and the cinematography by Karl Freund were widely praised.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Highline Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Highline Botanical Garden is a community botanical garden located at 13735 24th Avenue South, SeaTac, Washington. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Mehan Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Mehan Garden is an open space in Manila, Philippines. It was established in 1858 by the Spanish colonial authorities as a botanical garden, called the \"Jardín Botánico\", outside the walled city.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Yankee Stadium (1923)",
"paragraph_text": "In 2006, the Yankees began building a new $2.3 billion stadium in public parkland adjacent to the stadium. The price included $1.2 billion in public subsidies. The design includes a replica of the frieze along the roof that was in Yankee Stadium. Monument Park, a Hall of Fame for prominent former Yankees, was relocated to the new stadium. Yankee Stadium closed following the 2008 baseball season and the new stadium opened in 2009, adopting the ``Yankee Stadium ''moniker. The original Yankee Stadium was demolished in 2010, two years after it closed, and the 8 - acre site was converted into a park called Heritage Field. The new Yankee stadium opened in 2009 and is currently used by the NY Yankees.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "Another important library – the University Library, founded in 1816, is home to over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzyński and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 December 1999. It is surrounded by green. The University Library garden, designed by Irena Bajerska, was opened on 12 June 2002. It is one of the largest and most beautiful roof gardens in Europe with an area of more than 10,000 m2 (107,639.10 sq ft), and plants covering 5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft). As the university garden it is open to the public every day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Jardin botanique de Sedan",
"paragraph_text": "The Jardin botanique de Sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on Philippoteaux Avenue beside the Place d'Alsace-Lorraine, Sedan, Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "London Transport Museum",
"paragraph_text": "The museum operates from two sites within London. The main site in Covent Garden uses the name of its parent institution, sometimes suffixed by \"Covent Garden\", and is open to the public every day, having reopened in 2007 after a two-year refurbishment. The other site, located in Acton, is known as the London Transport Museum Depot and is principally a storage site that is open on regular visitor days throughout the year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Beyoncé",
"paragraph_text": "On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York. Five months later, she performed for four nights at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall to celebrate the resort's opening, her first performances since giving birth to Blue Ivy.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the roof gardens above the district where Ivy Duke was born open to the public?
|
[
{
"id": 584144,
"question": "Ivy Duke >> place of birth",
"answer": "Kensington",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 83050,
"question": "when did the roof gardens above #1 open to the public",
"answer": "1980s",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] |
1980s
|
[] | true |
2hop__817617_20122
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "On 25 and 26 April, May and Taylor appeared on the eleventh series of American Idol at the Nokia Theatre, Los Angeles, performing a Queen medley with the six finalists on the first show, and the following day performed \"Somebody to Love\" with the 'Queen Extravaganza' band. Queen were scheduled to headline Sonisphere at Knebworth on 7 July 2012 with Adam Lambert before the festival was cancelled. Queen's final concert with Freddie Mercury was in Knebworth in 1986. Brian May commented, \"It's a worthy challenge for us, and I'm sure Adam would meet with Freddie's approval.\" Queen expressed disappointment at the cancellation and released a statement to the effect that they were looking to find another venue. It was later announced that Queen + Adam Lambert would play two shows at the Hammersmith Apollo, London on 11 and 12 July 2012. Both shows sold out within 24 hours of tickets going on open sale. A third London date was scheduled for 14 July. On 30 June, Queen + Lambert performed in Kiev, Ukraine at a joint concert with Elton John for the Elena Pinchuk ANTIAIDS Foundation. Queen also performed with Lambert on 3 July 2012 at Moscow's Olympic Stadium, and on 7 July 2012 at the Municipal Stadium in Wroclaw, Poland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Ten Years Gone",
"paragraph_text": "\"Ten Years Gone\" is a song by English rock band Led Zeppelin from their 1975 album \"Physical Graffiti\". Record producer Rick Rubin has described the song as, \"A deep, reflective piece with hypnotic, interweaving riffs. Light and dark, shadow and glare. It sounds like nature coming through the speakers.\"",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "College recruiting",
"paragraph_text": "After receiving an offer, a player may choose to commit. This is a non-binding, oral agreement. Although more coaches have tried in recent years to get players to commit early, the most highly rated players typically commit within a month of National Signing Day, the day all high school players who will graduate that year can sign letters of intent (LI) to play for the college of their choice. Signing Day always falls on the first Wednesday of February. Other players, who may not have as many offers to choose from, more often verbally commit earlier in the process. Players occasionally decide to sign with a different school from which they gave a verbal commitment, which often leads to rancor between the fans and coaching staffs of the two schools. Junior college players, however, can sign scholarships in late - December, once their sophomore seasons have ended.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Premier League",
"paragraph_text": "Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the ownership of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans. Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available, and follows the completion of the UEFA 'B' and 'A' Licences. The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis (i.e. more than 12 weeks – the amount of time an unqualified caretaker manager is allowed to take control). Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment. Several caretaker managers have gone on to secure a permanent managerial post after performing well as a caretaker; examples include Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "SoundGirl",
"paragraph_text": "Beardshaw and Shortland were friends and school classmates in London that sang together before another girl from their neighbourhood, Redmond, joined them to form SoundGirl. A management company, Angelic Union, held auditions for a girl band project in a dance studio. The three girls went, wrote a song in ten minutes, and sang it for Angelic Union, who reportedly signed them on the spot.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ten Years Are Gone",
"paragraph_text": "Ten Years Are Gone is a double album by John Mayall, recorded at Sunset Sound, Los Angeles, and released in 1973. Like its predecessors \"Jazz Blues Fusion\" and \"Moving On\", it features Freddy Robinson on guitar and Blue Mitchell on trumpet.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "The band's sixth studio album News of the World was released in 1977, which has gone four times platinum in the United States, and twice in the UK. The album contained many songs tailor-made for live performance, including two of rock's most recognisable anthems, \"We Will Rock You\" and the rock ballad \"We Are the Champions\", both of which became enduring international sports anthems, and the latter reached number four in the US. Queen commenced the News of the World Tour in October 1977, and Robert Hilburn of the Los Angeles Times called this concert tour the band's \"most spectacularly staged and finely honed show\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Last Thoughts on Woody Guthrie",
"paragraph_text": "\"Last Thoughts on Woody Guthrie\" is a poem written by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, and recited live during his April 12, 1963 performance at New York City's Town Hall. It was released in 1991 on \"The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961-1991\" after circulating on bootleg releases for years, even appearing on the ten-LP box set \"Ten of Swords\" in 1985.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "American Idol",
"paragraph_text": "The winner receives a record deal with a major label, which may be for up to six albums, and secures a management contract with American Idol-affiliated 19 Management (which has the right of first refusal to sign all contestants), as well as various lucrative contracts. All winners prior to season nine reportedly earned at least $1 million in their first year as winner. All the runners-up of the first ten seasons, as well as some of other finalists, have also received record deals with major labels. However, starting in season 11, the runner-up may only be guaranteed a single-only deal. BMG/Sony (seasons 1–9) and UMG (season 10–) had the right of first refusal to sign contestants for three months after the season's finale. Starting in the fourteenth season, the winner was signed with Big Machine Records. Prominent music mogul Clive Davis also produced some of the selected contestants' albums, such as Kelly Clarkson, Clay Aiken, Fantasia Barrino and Diana DeGarmo. All top 10 (11 in seasons 10 and 12) finalists earn the privilege of going on a tour, where the participants may each earn a six-figure sum.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "How Long Will My Baby Be Gone",
"paragraph_text": "\"How Long Will My Baby Be Gone\" is a 1968 song written and recorded by Buck Owens. \"How Long Will My Baby Be Gone\" was the last of eight number ones on the country chart in a row for Buck Owens. The single spent a single week at number one and a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. The song is still performed at the Country Bear Jamboree attraction at certain Disney parks.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Rosemary's Baby (film)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1965 Rosemary Woodhouse (Mia Farrow), a bright but somewhat naive young housewife, and Guy (John Cassavetes), her husband, a struggling actor, move into the Bramford, an opulent but antiquated New York City apartment building. The couple learns from the building's manager, Mr. Nicklas (Elisha Cook, Jr.), that their new residence was previously inhabited by Mrs. Gardenia, an elderly woman who had seemingly gone senile. Mr. Nicklas also discovers a dresser concealing a simple closet which contains nothing except a vacuum cleaner and a stack of folded towels. Their friend Hutch (Maurice Evans) tries to dissuade them from taking the apartment, informing them of some of the Bramford's unsettling history of cannibalism and murder. Undeterred, Rosemary and Guy move into the building.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In summer of 1986, Queen went on their final tour with Freddie Mercury. A sold-out tour in support of A Kind of Magic, once again they hired Spike Edney, leading to him being dubbed the unofficial fifth member. The Magic Tour's highlight was at Wembley Stadium in London and resulted in the live double album, Queen at Wembley, released on CD and as a live concert DVD, which has gone five times platinum in the US and four times platinum in the UK. Queen could not book Wembley for a third night, but they did play at Knebworth Park. The show sold out within two hours and over 120,000 fans packed the park for what was Queen's final live performance with Mercury. Queen began the tour at the Råsunda Stadium in Stockholm, Sweden, and during the tour the band performed a concert at Slane Castle, Ireland, in front of an audience of 95,000, which broke the venue's attendance record. The band also played behind the Iron Curtain when they performed to a crowd of 80,000 at the Népstadion in Budapest, in what was one of the biggest rock concerts ever held in Eastern Europe. More than one million people saw Queen on the tour—400,000 in the United Kingdom alone, a record at the time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Iain Jamieson",
"paragraph_text": "Iain Jamieson (14 October 1928 – 19 October 2012) was a Scottish footballer, manager and businessman. Jamieson briefly played for Aberdeen, then signed for Coventry City after completing a spell of National Service. He made over 180 appearances in 10 years playing for Coventry. He became player/manager of Rugby Town after leaving Coventry.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirmed that the band's new deal was with Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. For the first time since the late 1980s, Queen's catalogue will have the same distributor worldwide, as their current North American label—Hollywood Records—is currently distributed by Universal (for a time in the late 1980s, Queen was on EMI-owned Capitol Records in the US).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Queen's Beasts",
"paragraph_text": "The Queen's Beasts are ten heraldic statues representing the genealogy of Queen Elizabeth II, depicted as the Royal supporters of England. They stood in front of the temporary western annexe to Westminster Abbey for the Queen's coronation in 1953. Each of The Queen's Beasts consists of an heraldic beast supporting a shield bearing a badge or arms of a family associated with the ancestry of Queen Elizabeth II. They were commissioned by the British Ministry of Works from sculptor James Woodford (who was paid the sum of £2,750 for the work). They were uncoloured except for their shields at the coronation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "God Defend New Zealand",
"paragraph_text": "``God Defend New Zealand ''was written as a poem in the 1870s by Irish - born, Victorian - raised immigrant Thomas Bracken of Dunedin. A competition to compose music for the poem was held in 1876 by The Saturday Advertiser and judged by three prominent Melbourne musicians, with a prize of ten guineas. The winner of the competition was the Tasmanian - born John Joseph Woods of Lawrence, New Zealand who composed the melody in a single sitting the evening after finding out about the competition. The song was first performed at the Queen's Theatre, Princes Street, Dunedin, on Christmas Day, 1876. In 1897, Prime Minister Richard Seddon presented a copy of words and music to Queen Victoria.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1997, Queen returned to the studio to record \"No-One but You (Only the Good Die Young)\", a song dedicated to Mercury and all those that die too soon. It was released as a bonus track on the Queen Rocks compilation album later that year. In January 1997, Queen performed \"The Show Must Go On\" live with Elton John and the Béjart Ballet in Paris on a night Mercury was remembered, and it marked the last performance and public appearance of John Deacon, who chose to retire. The Paris concert was only the second time Queen had played live since Mercury's death, prompting Elton John to urge them to perform again.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Queens Club (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Queens Club was an alternative rock band from Kansas City, Missouri who were signed to Tooth & Nail Records. Queens Club formed in 2007 with former members of The Chariot, Dan Eaton (Vocals/ guitar), and Jake Ryan (drums), as well as Andy Nichols (guitar) and Tyler Bottles (bass). The band signed to Tooth and Nail records in 2009, and has released one EP, \"Nightmarer\", and one full-length album \"Young Giant\".",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What manager of the performers of Ten Years Gone tried to sign Queen?
|
[
{
"id": 817617,
"question": "Ten Years Gone >> performer",
"answer": "Led Zeppelin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 20122,
"question": "What manager of #1 tried to sign Queen?",
"answer": "Peter Grant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] |
Peter Grant
|
[] | true |
2hop__645277_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Clementino Ocampos",
"paragraph_text": "Clementino Ocampos (November 14, 1913 in San Lorenzo, Paraguay – January 4, 2001) was a Paraguayan composer and poet. His parents were Justiniano Ocampos and Telesfora Melgarejo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Clementino",
"paragraph_text": "Clementino, stage name of Clemente Maccaro (Avellino, 21 December 1982), is an Italian rapper proficient in freestyle in both Italian and Neapolitan language. He, along with rapper Fabri Fibra, is member of the group Rapstar.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What shift away from the genre Clementino is known for is Kanye credited with?
|
[
{
"id": 645277,
"question": "Clementino >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__486883_57062
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Tibet",
"paragraph_text": "In 1904, a British expedition to Tibet, spurred in part by a fear that Russia was extending its power into Tibet as part of The Great Game, invaded the country, hoping that negotiations with the 13th Dalai Lama would be more effective than with Chinese representatives. When the British-led invasion reached Tibet on December 12, 1903, an armed confrontation with the ethnic Tibetans resulted in the Massacre of Chumik Shenko, which resulted in 600 fatalities amongst the Tibetan forces, compared to only 12 on the British side. Afterwards, in 1904 Francis Younghusband imposed a treaty known as the Treaty of Lhasa, which was subsequently repudiated and was succeeded by a 1906 treaty signed between Britain and China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Halil Kut",
"paragraph_text": "In 1917, Halil Pasha was ordered by the Minister of Defense Enver Pasha to move some of his troops to the Persian Campaign It was an unsuccessful attempt to destabilize the British supported government there. This limited his ability to defend Baghdad and led to the Fall of Baghdad. After which fresh British forces were massed at the Iraq front after this surrender.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Oryol Front",
"paragraph_text": "The Oryol Front was very briefly a front of the Red Army during the Second World War. By a Stavka order of Mar. 24, 1943 it was set up on Mar. 27 by renaming the Kursk Front, while most of the forces of that Front were reassigned elsewhere. It was intended that the Front would contain 61st Army from Western Front and 3rd Army from Central Front, plus one additional army. The command staff remained as for Kursk Front, with Col. Gen. M.A. Reiter in command. Following yet another Stavka command in the early hours of Mar. 28 Oryol Front was renamed Bryansk Front.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Breast Cancer Awareness Month",
"paragraph_text": "NBCAM was founded in 1985 in October as a partnership between the American Cancer Society and the pharmaceutical division of Imperial Chemical Industries (now part of AstraZeneca, producer of several anti-breast cancer drugs). The aim of the NBCAM from the start has been to promote mammography as the most effective weapon in the fight against breast cancer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Red Army",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Kargil War",
"paragraph_text": "The Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass subsector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, Pakistan had to withdraw under international pressure and due to pressure from continued fighting at battle front and left India in control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Simla Agreement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Kyoto Protocol",
"paragraph_text": "The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human - made CO emissions have predominantly caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sahara",
"paragraph_text": "The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. Indeed, the extreme aridity of the Sahara can't be only explained by the subtropical high pressure. The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert. These major mountain ranges act as a barrier causing a strong rain shadow effect on the leeward side by dropping much of the humidity brought by atmospheric disturbances along the polar front which affects the surrounding Mediterranean climates.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Free France",
"paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Kursk Front",
"paragraph_text": "The Kursk Front was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War. It was set up on March 23, 1943, following a Stavka directive of March 19 by re-purposing the command cadre of Reserve Front to defend the westernmost sector of the Kursk Salient. It consisted of 38th Army, 60th Army, and 15th Air Army, with another field army to be assigned, probably either the 63rd or 66th. Col. Gen. M.A. Reiter was appointed to command, with Maj. Gen. I.Z. Susaikov as member of the military council and Lt. Gen. L.M. Sandalov as chief of staff. The new Front was very short lived. Another \"Stavka\" directive on March 24 transformed Kursk Front into the new Oryol Front, to be established by March 27. At the same time, 60th Army was transferred to Central Front, and 38th to Voronezh Front. Finally, on March 28, Oryol Front was ordered to be renamed as the new Bryansk Front.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Intelligence-led policing",
"paragraph_text": "Early development of intelligence - led policing took place in the UK. It was perceived that police were spending too much time responding to specific incidents, and not tackling the problem of repeat offenders. Therefore, reports by the Audit Commission in 1993 and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary in 1997 advocated increased use of intelligence, surveillance and informants to target recidivist offenders, so that police could be more effective in fighting crime. The call was quickly taken up by some police forces, particularly the Kent Constabulary. Intelligence led policing was not a major proponent of policing styles until the September 11th terrorist attacks. Prior to these attacks the majority of all branches of the government would often not divulge any information to each other. The main assumptions of this theory can be described by Ratcliffe's 3i format. As shown by the figure below, the three I's call for close cooperation between police chiefs and intelligence analysts in order to facilitate a strategy that will impact the criminal environment.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Russo-Japanese War",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Mukden commenced on 20 February 1905. In the following days Japanese forces proceeded to assault the right and left flanks of Russian forces surrounding Mukden, along a 50-mile (80 km) front. Approximately half a million men were involved in the fighting. Both sides were well entrenched and were backed by hundreds of artillery pieces. After days of harsh fighting, added pressure from the flanks forced both ends of the Russian defensive line to curve backwards. Seeing they were about to be encircled, the Russians began a general retreat, fighting a series of fierce rearguard actions, which soon deteriorated in the confusion and collapse of Russian forces. On 10 March 1905, after three weeks of fighting, General Kuropatkin decided to withdraw to the north of Mukden. The Russians lost 90,000 men in the battle.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Australian Army during World War II",
"paragraph_text": "The Australian Army was the largest service in the Australian military during World War II. Prior to the outbreak of war the Australian Army was split into the small full - time Permanent Military Forces (PMF) and the larger part - time Militia. Following the outbreak of war, on 14 September 1939 Prime Minister Robert Menzies announced that 40,000 members of the Militia would be called up for training and a 20,000 - strong expeditionary force, designated the Second Australian Imperial Force (Second AIF), would be formed for overseas service. Meanwhile, conscription was introduced in October 1939 to keep the Militia at strength as its members volunteered for the AIF. The Australian Army subsequently made an important contribution to the Allied campaigns in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and North Africa fighting the Germans, Italians and Vichy French during 1940 and 1941, and later in the jungles of the South West Pacific Area fighting the Japanese between late 1941 and 1945. Following the Japanese surrender Australian Army units were deployed as occupation forces across the South West Pacific. Meanwhile, the Army contributed troops to the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) in Japan from 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the \"RVN\"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or \"VC\", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "France–United Kingdom relations",
"paragraph_text": "The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Chinese Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "On 12 December 1936, the disgruntled Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng conspired to kidnap Chiang and force him into a truce with the CPC. The incident became known as the Xi'an Incident. Both parties suspended fighting to form a Second United Front to focus their energies and fighting against the Japanese. In 1937 Japan launched its full - scale invasion of China and its well - equipped troops overran KMT defenders in northern and coastal China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Supermarine Spitfire operational history",
"paragraph_text": "Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Five-star rank",
"paragraph_text": "Nine Americans have been promoted to five - star rank, one of them, Henry H. Arnold, in two services (US Army then later in the US Air Force). As part of the bicentennial celebration, George Washington was, 177 years after his death, permanently made senior to all other US generals / admirals, with the title General of the Armies, effective on 4 July 1976. The appointment stated he was to have ``rank and precedence over all other grades of the Army, past or present ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Battle of Königsberg",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg Offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian Offensive during World War II. In four days of violent urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg – now Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city. There was heavy fighting for the overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line. The battle finished when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who led the military body that Oryol Front was a part of and made it an effective fighting force?
|
[
{
"id": 486883,
"question": "Oryol Front >> part of",
"answer": "Red Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 57062,
"question": "who led #1 and made it an effective fighting force",
"answer": "Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] |
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky
|
[
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"
] | true |
2hop__23787_632017
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "There are a multitude of supporters as well as opponents to the policy of affirmative action. Many presidents throughout the last century have failed to take a very firm stance on the policy, and the public has had to discern the president's opinion for themselves. Bill Clinton, however, made his stance on affirmative action very clear in a speech on July 19, 1995, nearly two and a half years after his inauguration. In his speech, he discussed the history in the United States that brought the policy into fruition: slavery, Jim Crow, and segregation. Clinton also mentioned a point similar to President Lyndon B. Johnson's \"Freedom is not Enough\" speech, and declared that just outlawing discrimination in the country would not be enough to give everyone in America equality. He addressed the arguments that affirmative action hurt the white middle class and said that the policy was not the source of their problems. Clinton plainly outlined his stance on affirmative action, saying:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The first time \"affirmative action\" is used by the federal government concerning race is in President John F. Kennedy's Executive Order 10925, which was chaired by Vice President Johnson. At Johnson's inaugural ball in Texas, he met with a young black lawyer, Hobart Taylor Jr., and gave him the task to co-author the executive order. He wanted a phrase that \"gave a sense of positivity to performance under the order.\" He was torn between the words \"positive action\" and \"affirmative action,\" and selected the later due to its alliterative quality. The term \"active recruitment\" started to be used as well. This order, albeit heavily worked up as a significant piece of legislation, in reality carried little actual power. The scope was limited to a couple hundred defense contractors, leaving nearly $7.5 billion in federal grants and loans unsupervised.:60",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Evan H. Caminker",
"paragraph_text": "Evan H. Caminker (born June 26, 1961, Los Angeles, California) is a Dean Emeritus of the University of Michigan Law School. As Dean, he succeeded Jeffrey S. Lehman, who resigned to become president of Cornell University. Caminker was appointed Dean just as the United States Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling upholding the constitutionality of the Law School's affirmative action admissions policies, which had been challenged in a lawsuit filed by the Center for Individual Rights.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The strides that the Johnson presidency made in ensuring equal opportunity in the workforce were further picked up by his successor Nixon. In 1969 the Nixon administration initiated the \"Philadelphia Order\". It was regarded as the most forceful plan thus far to guarantee fair hiring practices in construction jobs. Philadelphia was selected as the test case because, as Assistant Secretary of Labor Arthur Fletcher explained, \"The craft unions and the construction industry are among the most egregious offenders against equal opportunity laws . . . openly hostile toward letting blacks into their closed circle.\" The order included definite \"goals and timetables.\" As President Nixon asserted, \"We would not impose quotas, but would require federal contractors to show 'affirmative action' to meet the goals of increasing minority employment.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Critical thinking",
"paragraph_text": "Critical thinking was described by Richard W. Paul as a movement in two waves (1994). The ``first wave ''of critical thinking is often referred to as a 'critical analysis' that is clear, rational thinking involving critique. Its details vary amongst those who define it. According to Barry K. Beyer (1995), critical thinking means making clear, reasoned judgments. During the process of critical thinking, ideas should be reasoned, well thought out, and judged. The U.S. National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking defines critical thinking as the`` intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action.''",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Some opponents further claim that affirmative action has undesirable side-effects and that it fails to achieve its goals. They argue that it hinders reconciliation, replaces old wrongs with new wrongs, undermines the achievements of minorities, and encourages groups to identify themselves as disadvantaged, even if they are not. It may increase racial tension and benefit the more privileged people within minority groups at the expense of the disenfranchised within better-off groups (such as lower-class whites and Asians).There has recently been a strong push among American states to ban racial or gender preferences in university admissions, in reaction to the controversial and unprecedented decision in Grutter v. Bollinger. In 2006, nearly 60% of Michigan voters decided to ban affirmative action in university admissions. Michigan joined California, Florida, Texas, and Washington in banning the use of race or sex in admissions considerations. Some opponents believe, among other things, that affirmative action devalues the accomplishments of people who belong to a group it's supposed to help, therefore making affirmative action counter-productive. Furthermore, opponents of affirmative action claim that these policies dehumanize individuals and applicants to jobs or school are judged as members of a group without consideration for the individual person.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Proponents of affirmative action argue that by nature the system is not only race based, but also class and gender based. To eliminate two of its key components would undermine the purpose of the entire system. The African American Policy Forum believes that the class based argument is based on the idea that non-poor minorities do not experience racial and gender based discrimination. The AAPF believes that \"Race-conscious affirmative action remains necessary to address race-based obstacles that block the path to success of countless people of color of all classes\". The groups goes on to say that affirmative action is responsible for creating the African American middle class, so it does not make sense to say that the system only benefits the middle and upper classes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "It was through the Philadelphia Plan that the Nixon administration formed their adapted definition of affirmative action and became the official policy of the US government. The plan was defined as ``racial goals and timetables, not quotas ''",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Black people",
"paragraph_text": "In 2008, the High Court in South Africa ruled that Chinese South Africans who were residents during the apartheid era (and their descendants) are to be reclassified as \"Black people,\" solely for the purposes of accessing affirmative action benefits, because they were also \"disadvantaged\" by racial discrimination. Chinese people who arrived in the country after the end of apartheid do not qualify for such benefits.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Mamma Mia! (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Meryl Streep took opera singing lessons as a child, and as an adult, she previously sang in several films, including Postcards from the Edge, Silkwood, Death Becomes Her, and A Prairie Home Companion. She was a fan of the stage show Mamma Mia! after seeing it on Broadway in September 2001, when she found the show to be an affirmation of life in the midst of the destruction of 9 / 11.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "In the 1960 presidential election, Democratic candidate and future President John F. Kennedy \"criticized President Eisenhower for not ending discrimination in federally supported housing\" and \"advocated a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission\".:59 Shortly after taking office, Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 in March 1961, requiring government contractors to \"consider and recommend additional affirmative steps which should be taken by executive departments and agencies to realize more fully the national policy of nondiscrimination…. The contractor will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin\".:60 The order also established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO), chaired by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Federal contractors who failed to comply or violated the executive order were punished by contract cancellation and the possible debarment from future government contracts. The administration was \"not demanding any special preference or treatment or quotas for minorities\" but was rather \"advocating racially neutral hiring to end job discrimination\".:61 Turning to issues of women's rights, Kennedy initiated a Commission on the Status of Women in December 1961. The commission was charged with \"examining employment policies and practices of the government and of contractors\" with regard to sex.:66",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": "The court, however, explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was \"not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions, as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances\". Slovenia has several streets and squares named after Tito, notably Tito Square in Velenje, incorporating a 10-meter statue.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Ideas for affirmative action came as early as the Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) in which a former slave population lacked the skills and resources for sustainable living. In 1865, General William Tecumseh Sherman proposed to divide the land and goods from Georgia and grant it to families of color which became the \"Forty acres and a mule\" policy. The proposal was never widely adopted due to strong political opposition. Nearly a century later (1950s-1960s), policies to assist classes of individuals reemerged during the Civil Rights Movement. The civil rights guarantees came through the interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The decisions came to be known as affirmative action in which mandatory, as well as voluntary programs, affirmed the civil rights of people of color. Furthermore, these affirmative action programs protected people of color from the present effects stemming from past discrimination. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy became the first to utilize the term \"affirmative action\" in Executive Order 10925 to ensure that government contractors \"take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.\" This executive order realized the government's intent to create equal opportunities for all qualified people. This executive order was eventually amended and superseded by Lyndon B. Johnson's Executive Order 11246 which prevented discrimination based on race, color, religion, and national origin by organizations which received federal contracts and subcontracts. In 1967, the order was amended to include sex as well. The Reagan administration was opposed to the affirmative action requirements of Executive Order 11246, but these contemplated changes[which?] faced bi-partisan opposition in Congress.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Power Rangers",
"paragraph_text": "Despite initial criticism that its action violence targeted child audiences, the franchise has continued, and as of 2017 the show consists of 24 television seasons of 20 different themed series and three theatrical films released in 1995, 1997 and 2017. In 2010, Haim Saban, creator of the series, regained ownership of the franchise after seven years under The Walt Disney Company.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Marios Matsakis",
"paragraph_text": "In 2008, while still a member of the European Parliament, Marios Matsakis asked not to be sent \"offensive\" emails. The \"offensive\" emails he was referring to was an invitation for an exhibition at the European Parliament for LGBT families. The email the MEP was offended by, had a picture depicting a mixed race family, alluring to his views. The MEP later complained to the president of the Europeans Parliament about posters being attached to the area around his office on the same exhibition. Gay activists in Cyprus pointed the \"hypocrisy\" of Mr. Matsakis with his stance against \"non-normal\" families when his family situation included a child out of wedlock.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Godwin Chepkurgor",
"paragraph_text": "In 2009, another Kenyan journalist brought up the subject of the 2000 marriage proposal to then U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton during a town hall meeting with reporters. After a pause, Secretary Clinton replied saying, \"My daughter is her own person. I will convey this very kind offer.\" Chepkurgor expressed happiness that his original marriage offer had been renewed in an interview with the BBC. Chepkurgor added at the time that his first wife, Grace, \"did not object\" to his proposal to Chelsea Clinton.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The first appearance of the term 'affirmative action' was in the National Labor Relations Act, better known as the Wagner Act, of 1935.:15 Proposed and championed by U.S. Senator Robert F. Wagner of New York, the Wagner Act was in line with President Roosevelt's goal of providing economic security to workers and other low-income groups. During this time period it was not uncommon for employers to blacklist or fire employees associated with unions. The Wagner Act allowed workers to unionize without fear of being discriminated against, and empowered a National Labor Relations Board to review potential cases of worker discrimination. In the event of discrimination, employees were to be restored to an appropriate status in the company through 'affirmative action'. While the Wagner Act protected workers and unions it did not protect minorities, who, exempting the Congress of Industrial Organizations, were often barred from union ranks.:11 This original coining of the term therefore has little to do with affirmative action policy as it is seen today, but helped set the stage for all policy meant to compensate or address an individual's unjust treatment.[citation needed]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Three-point stance",
"paragraph_text": "The three-point stance is a stance used by linemen and running backs in American football when ready for the start of a play. This stance requires one hand to touch the ground with the other arm cocked back to the thigh/hip region. The back should be slightly inclined forward, as well as the arm which is placed on the ground.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "After the Nixon administration, advancements in affirmative action became less prevalent. \"During the brief Ford administration, affirmative action took a back seat, while enforcement stumbled along.\":145 Equal rights was still an important subject to many Americans, yet the world was changing and new issues were being raised. People began to look at affirmative action as a glorified issue of the past and now there were other areas that needed focus. \"Of all the triumphs that have marked this as America's Century –...none is more inspiring, if incomplete, than our pursuit of racial justice.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "A study in 2007 by Mark Long, an economics professor at the University of Washington, demonstrated that the alternatives of affirmative action proved ineffective in restoring minority enrollment in public flagship universities in California, Texas, and Washington. More specifically, apparent rebounds of minority enrollment can be explained by increasing minority enrollment in high schools of those states, and the beneficiaries of class-based (not race) affirmative action would be white students. At the same time, affirmative action itself is both morally and materially costly: 52 percent of white populace (compared to 14 percent of black) thought it should be abolished, implying white distaste of using racial identity, and full-file review is expected to cost the universities an additional $1.5 million to $2 million per year, excluding possible cost of litigation.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who is the child of the President who made their stance on affirmative action clear in 1995?
|
[
{
"id": 23787,
"question": "Which President made their stance on affirmative action clear in 1995?",
"answer": "Bill Clinton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 632017,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Chelsea Clinton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] |
Chelsea Clinton
|
[] | true |
2hop__68961_641245
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Carol Bellamy",
"paragraph_text": "Carol Bellamy (born January 14, 1942) is the Chair of the Board of the Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund (GCERF). Previously, she was Director of the Peace Corps, Executive Director of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and President and CEO of World Learning. She is also the Chair of children’s rights advocacy organization ECPAT International, working to end the sexual exploitation of children. After three terms in the New York State Senate, she was the first woman to be elected to any citywide office in NYC as President of the New York City Council, a position she held until her unsuccessful bid for Mayor of New York in 1985; she was the second to last person to hold this position.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "List of women's footballers with 100 or more international goals",
"paragraph_text": "# Name Position National team Intl goals Caps Goals per match Active years Date of 100th goal Abby Wambach Forward United States 184 256 0.72 2001 -- 2015 2009 - 07 - 20 Christine Sinclair Forward / Midfielder Canada 177 268 0.66 2000 -- 2010 - 02 - 20 Mia Hamm Forward United States 158 275 0.57 1987 -- 2004 1998 - 09 - 18 Kristine Lilly Forward / Midfielder United States 130 352 0.36 1987 -- 2010 2004 - 10 - 03 5 Birgit Prinz Forward Germany 128 214 0.59 1994 -- 2011 2006 - 10 - 25 6 Julie Fleeting Forward Scotland 116 120 0.97 1996 -- 2011 2007 - 10 - 27 7 Patrizia Panico Forward Italy 110 204 0.54 1996 -- 2014 2014 - 03 - 10 8 Marta Forward Brazil 110 120 0.97 2002 -- 2015 - 12 - 13 9 Elisabetta Vignotto Forward Italy 107 110 0.97 1970 -- 1989 unknown 10 Sun Wen Forward China PR 106 152 0.69 1990 -- 2006 unknown 11 Carli Lloyd Midfielder United States 105 262 0.40 2005 -- 2018 - 04 - 08 12 Michelle Akers Forward / Midfielder United States 105 153 0.68 1985 -- 2000 1999 - 01 - 30 13 Carolina Morace Forward Italy 105 153 0.68 1978 -- 1997 unknown 14 Han Duan Forward China PR 101 188 0.53 2000 -- 2011 unknown 15 Portia Modise Forward South Africa 101 124 0.81 2000 -- 2015 2014 - 10 - 18 16 Tiffeny Milbrett Forward United States 100 204 0.49 1991 -- 2006 2005 - 7 - 10",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2000 United States Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": "The 2000 United States Grand Prix (formally the XXIX SAP United States Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 24 September 2000 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the fifteenth race of the 2000 Formula One season and the 34th United States Grand Prix. The 73-lap race was won by Ferrari driver Michael Schumacher after starting from pole position. His teammate Rubens Barrichello finished second with Jordan driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen third.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Nicholas Congiato",
"paragraph_text": "The Reverend Nicholas Congiato, S.J. (14 September 1816 – 10 May 1897) was born in Cagliari, Sardinia and entered the Society of Jesus, an order of the Roman Catholic Church, when he was fourteen years of age. After his initial education, he went to Turin, Italy, for advanced studies in philosophy. Fr. Congiato then became Vice-President of the College of Nobles in Turin and held a similar position at the Jesuit College in Fribourg, a city in Switzerland.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Tôn Đức Thắng",
"paragraph_text": "Tôn Đức Thắng (August 20, 1888 – March 30, 1980) was the second and last president of North Vietnam and the first president of the reunified Vietnam under the leadership of General Secretary Lê Duẩn. The position of president is ceremonial and Thắng was never a major policymaker or even a member of the Politburo, Vietnam's ruling council. He served as president, initially of North Vietnam from September 2, 1969, and later of a united Vietnam, until his death in 1980.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Roger Finke",
"paragraph_text": "Roger Finke earned his doctorate in sociology at the University of Washington in 1984, and held faculty positions at Concordia College in Illinois, Loyola University of Chicago, and Purdue University before joining the faculty at The Pennsylvania State University in 2000.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Epes, Alabama",
"paragraph_text": "Epes is a town in Sumter County, Alabama, United States. Initially called Epes Station, it was incorporated as Epes in 1899. At the 2010 census the population was 192, down from 206 in 2000.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Arkansas Attorney General",
"paragraph_text": "The best-known Arkansas Attorney General is Bill Clinton, as he later became President of the United States; he was elected to the position in 1976 and served until he was elected governor in 1978. Other former attorneys general include Bruce Bennett, Joe Purcell, Ray Thornton, Jim Guy Tucker, Mark Pryor, Steve Clark and Mike Beebe. Until Rutledge took office, Democrats had held the office since Reconstruction.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "First Lady of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "First Lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is the informal but accepted title held by the wife of the President of the United States, concurrent with the president's term of office. Although the first lady's role has never been codified or officially defined, she figures prominently in the political and social life of the nation. Melania Trump is the current First Lady.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "1896 United States House of Representatives elections",
"paragraph_text": "Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1896 for members of the 55th Congress, coinciding with the election of President William McKinley.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Lyndon B. Johnson",
"paragraph_text": "Lyndon Baines Johnson (/ ˈlɪndən ˈbeɪnz /; August 27, 1908 -- January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after having served as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963. A Democrat from Texas, he also served as a United States Representative and as the Majority Leader in the United States Senate. Johnson is one of only four people who have served in all four federal elected positions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Four Freedoms",
"paragraph_text": "The Four Freedoms were goals articulated by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt on Monday, January 6, 1941. In an address known as the Four Freedoms speech (technically the 1941 State of the Union address), he proposed four fundamental freedoms that people ``everywhere in the world ''ought to enjoy:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "American Idol",
"paragraph_text": "In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was met with poor response from United States television networks. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Fox's parent company, was persuaded to buy the show by his daughter Elisabeth, who was a fan of the British show. The show was renamed American Idol: The Search for a Superstar and debuted in the summer of 2002. Cowell was initially offered the job as showrunner but refused; Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to Cowell's surprise, it became one of the hit shows for the summer that year. The show, with the personal engagement of the viewers with the contestants through voting, and the presence of the acid-tongued Cowell as a judge, grew into a phenomenon. By 2004, it had become the most-watched show in the U.S., a position it then held on for seven consecutive seasons.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Goals 2000",
"paragraph_text": "``The Goals 2000: Educate America Act (P.L. 103 - 227) ''was signed into law on March 31, 1994 by President Bill Clinton. The Act provides resources to states and communities to ensure that all students reach their full potential.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Muammar Gaddafi",
"paragraph_text": "As the 20th century came to a close, Gaddafi increasingly rejected Arab nationalism, frustrated by the failure of his Pan-Arab ideals; instead he turned to Pan-Africanism, emphasising Libya's African identity. From 1997 to 2000, Libya initiated cooperative agreements or bilateral aid arrangements with 10 African states, and in 1999 joined the Community of Sahel-Saharan States. In June 1999, Gaddafi visited Mandela in South Africa, and the following month attended the OAU summit in Algiers, calling for greater political and economic integration across the continent and advocating the foundation of a United States of Africa. He became one of the founders of the African Union (AU), initiated in July 2002 to replace the OAU; at the opening ceremonies, he proclaimed that African states should reject conditional aid from the developed world, a direct contrast to the message of South African President Thabo Mbeki. At the third AU summit, held in Libya in July 2005, he called for a greater level of integration, advocating a single AU passport, a common defence system and a single currency, utilising the slogan: \"The United States of Africa is the hope.\" In June 2005, Libya joined the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), and in August 2008 Gaddafi was proclaimed \"King of Kings\" by an assembled committee of traditional African leaders. On 1 February 2009, his \"coronation ceremony\" was held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, coinciding with Gaddafi's election as AU chairman for a year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Juan Carlos Echeverry (politician)",
"paragraph_text": "He served as Colombia's Minister of Economic Planning from 2000 to 2002 and held the position of Dean of Economics at the University of the Andes from 2002-2006. He was appointed finance minister by Colombia's President-elect Juan Manuel Santos on June 22, 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower",
"paragraph_text": "Since the 19th century, many if not all presidents were assisted by a central figure or \"gatekeeper\", sometimes described as the President's Private Secretary, sometimes with no official title at all. Eisenhower formalized this role, introducing the office of White House Chief of Staff – an idea he borrowed from the United States Army. Every president after Lyndon Johnson has also appointed staff to this position. Initially, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter tried to operate without a chief of staff, but each eventually appointed one.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "List of current members of the Maryland Senate",
"paragraph_text": "The Maryland Senate is the upper house of the Maryland General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Maryland. One Senator is elected from each of the state's 47 electoral districts. As of January 2015, 33 of those seats are held by Democrats and 14 by Republicans. The leader of the Senate is known as the President, a position currently held by Thomas V. Mike Miller, Jr., who represents Calvert, Charles and Prince George's counties. In addition, Senators elect a President Pro Tempore, and the respective party caucuses elect a majority and minority leader and a majority and minority whip.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Mark Emmert",
"paragraph_text": "Before Emmert became president of the University of Washington, he was chancellor at Louisiana State University and held faculty and administration positions at the University of Connecticut, Montana State University, and University of Colorado.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "William Howard Taft",
"paragraph_text": "William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 -- March 8, 1930) was the 27th President of the United States (1909 -- 1913) and the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921 -- 1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected president in 1908, the chosen successor of Theodore Roosevelt, but was defeated for re-election by Woodrow Wilson in 1912 after Roosevelt split the Republican vote by running as a third - party candidate. In 1921, President Warren G. Harding appointed Taft to be chief justice, a position in which he served until a month before his death.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What position did the president of the US when goals 2000 was initiated hold previously?
|
[
{
"id": 68961,
"question": "who was president of the united states when goals 2000 was initiated",
"answer": "Bill Clinton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 641245,
"question": "#1 >> position held",
"answer": "Arkansas Attorney General",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] |
Arkansas Attorney General
|
[] | true |
2hop__139535_619860
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Age of Enlightenment",
"paragraph_text": "A genre that greatly rose in importance was that of scientific literature. Natural history in particular became increasingly popular among the upper classes. Works of natural history include René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur's Histoire naturelle des insectes and Jacques Gautier d'Agoty's La Myologie complète, ou description de tous les muscles du corps humain (1746). Outside ancien régime France, natural history was an important part of medicine and industry, encompassing the fields of botany, zoology, meteorology, hydrology and mineralogy. Students in Enlightenment universities and academies were taught these subjects to prepare them for careers as diverse as medicine and theology. As shown by M D Eddy, natural history in this context was a very middle class pursuit and operated as a fertile trading zone for the interdisciplinary exchange of diverse scientific ideas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Alfred Masters",
"paragraph_text": "Alfred Masters (February 5, 1916 - June 16, 1975) was an African-American member of the United States Marine Corps. Masters became the very first African American in the United States Marines at his swearing-in on June 1, 1942, at 12:01am in Oklahoma City and then his first training camp was Montford Point in North Carolina. Masters rose to the rank of Technical Sergeant.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Magnus Julius De la Gardie",
"paragraph_text": "Magnus Julius De la Gardie (14 April 1668 – 28 April 1741), son of Axel Julius De la Gardie, was a Swedish general and statesman, member of the Swedish Hats Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Elisabeth Bouchaud",
"paragraph_text": "Elisabeth Bouchaud (born Tibi) is a French physicist, playwright and actress born 1 March 1961. She is a member of Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA), and works at Ecole Superieure de Chimie et Physique de la Ville de Paris. Since 2015, she is also the Director of the Théâtre de la Reine Blanche in Paris.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Iglesia de la Madre de Dios",
"paragraph_text": "Iglesia de la Madre de Dios is a Roman Catholic church located in Almagro, Spain. It is situated in what was the Hospital de Nuestra Señora de La Mayor, on lots purchased by the town in 1546. It features late Gothic and Renaissance styles, a pattern found in other parts of Castile-La Mancha as well. It is the largest church in the province, surpassing even the Cathedral of Ciudad Real. The facade, with large buttresses, has a large rose window of brick dated 1602. The tower, built unfinished on the right side of the facade, is the work of Benito de Soto.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Rose-Chrétien de la Neuville",
"paragraph_text": "Rose-Chrétien de la Neuville (1741 - 17 July 1794) was a French Carmelite nun and one of the Martyrs of Compiègne. She married young but was widowed. She was professed as a choir nun in 1777, taking the name Sister Julie Louise of Jesus, O.C.D.. In 1794, de la Neuville was guillotined in Place du Trône Renversé in Paris.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Koos de la Rey",
"paragraph_text": "Jacobus Herculaas de la Rey (22 October 1847 – 15 September 1914), better known as Koos de la Rey, was a Boer military officer who served as a general during the Second Boer War. De la Rey also had a political career and was one of the leading advocates of Boer independence.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Marie Louise de La Tour d'Auvergne",
"paragraph_text": "Marie Louise de La Tour d'Auvergne (Marie Louise Henriette Jeanne; 15 August 1725 – 1793) was a French noblewoman and member of the House of La Tour d'Auvergne. She was the Princess of Guéméné by marriage.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Jean Molinet",
"paragraph_text": "Jean Molinet (1435 – 23 August 1507) was a French poet, chronicler, and composer. He is best remembered for his prose translation of \"Roman de la rose\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Madame Bellecour",
"paragraph_text": "Rose Perrine le Roy de la Corbinaye (December 10, 1730August 5, 1799) was a French actress, best known under the name of Madame Bellecour.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Lancelot du Lac (film)",
"paragraph_text": "Lancelot du Lac is a 1974 French fantasy drama film written and directed by Robert Bresson. It retells the story of Lancelot and Guinevere's love as Camelot and the Round Table fall apart. It is based on Arthurian legend and medieval romances, especially the Lancelot-Grail cycle, and the works of Chrétien de Troyes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Bernard Hopkins vs. Oscar De La Hoya",
"paragraph_text": "Through the first eight rounds, the two boxers fought a largely tactical, defense - oriented match. Going into the deciding ninth round, Hopkins was well ahead on two of the judges' official scorecards with scores of 79 -- 73 and 78 -- 74, while De La Hoya held a narrow lead on the third with a score of 77 -- 75. In the ninth, Hopkins began to aggressively attack De La Hoya, and with 1: 34 left in the round, sent De La Hoya down with a well - executed left hook to De La Hoya's liver. De La Hoya crumpled to the mat in pain and made no effort to answer the referee's 10 - count as he was counted out at 1: 38 of the round, giving Hopkins the knockout victory. For De La Hoya it was his first knockout loss in his professional career. It also remains the final knockout victory of Hopkins' career to date. The nine wins he has picked up since have all been by way of decision.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "André Ouellet",
"paragraph_text": "With the return to power of the Liberals after the 1993 election, Ouellet was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by the new prime minister, Jean Chrétien. Despite his experience, Ouellet was not popular in Quebec, and the lasting legacy of the Charlottetown Accord hurt him. After the close result of the 1995 Quebec referendum, Chrétien wanted to present a new face of his government in Quebec. In 1996, Chrétien appointed Ouellet to head the Canada Post Corporation. Ouellet's seat in the House of Commons of Canada was taken by Pierre Pettigrew in a by-election later that year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Bed of Roses (1933 film)",
"paragraph_text": "Bed of Roses (1933) is a pre-Code romantic comedy film co-written and directed by Gregory La Cava and starring Constance Bennett. The picture was released by RKO Radio Pictures with a supporting cast featuring Joel McCrea and Pert Kelton.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Philéas Lebesgue",
"paragraph_text": "Philéas Lebesgue (26 November 1869 in La Neuville-Vault, Picardy, France - 11 October 1958 in the same village) was a French essayist and translator. At once a poet, novelist, essayist, translator and literary critic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The Nun and the Sergeant",
"paragraph_text": "The Nun and the Sergeant is a 1962 Korean War drama starring Anna Sten and Robert Webber in the title roles. It was produced by Sten's husband Eugene Frenke, who had produced \"Heaven Knows, Mr Allison\", also a pairing of a Catholic nun and a U.S. Marine. It was directed by Franklin Adreon and released through United Artists.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "List of NCIS: Los Angeles characters",
"paragraph_text": "Nate and recurring character Rose Shwartz share an unconsummated mutual attraction. This has not been explored further as Peter Cambor is no longer a member of the main cast. Cambor's departure as a main cast member coincides with Nate's reassignment to the Middle East to investigate an Islamic militant group based in Yemen. With the conclusion of that mission in the episode ``Harm's Way '', Nate's current assignment is undisclosed, although it is known that he is remaining in the Middle East for the time being.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Louis-Augustin Marmottin",
"paragraph_text": "Louis-Augustin Marmottin (March 11, 1875 at La Neuville-au-Pont (Marne) – May 9, 1960 at Reims (Marne)) was a French Catholic bishop. He was Bishop of Saint-Dié from 1930 to 1940 and then Archbishop of Reims from 1940 to 1960.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Action Police CFTC",
"paragraph_text": "Action Police CFTC is a very small police union in France, affiliated with the Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens (CFTC) Christian trade union confederation. Its general secretary is Michel Thooris.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The Conmen in Vegas",
"paragraph_text": "The Conmen in Vegas is a 1999 Hong Kong action comedy film produced, written and directed by Wong Jing and is a sequel to the 1998 film, \"The Conman\". The film stars original returning cast members Andy Lau and Nick Cheung with new cast members Natalis Chan, Kelly Lin, Meggie Yu, Alex Man and Jewel Lee in her debut film role. The film was partially filmed in the Caesars Palace Resort, Las Vegas.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who starred in the drama about a member of Rose-Chrétien de la Neuville's profession and a Marine sergeant?
|
[
{
"id": 139535,
"question": "What was Rose-Chrétien de la Neuville's career?",
"answer": "nun",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 619860,
"question": "The #1 and the Sergeant >> cast member",
"answer": "Anna Sten",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] |
Anna Sten
|
[] | true |
2hop__858939_57062
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Supermarine Spitfire operational history",
"paragraph_text": "Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "War on Terror",
"paragraph_text": "The first ground attack came at the Battle of Umm Qasr on 21 March 2003 when a combined force of British, American and Polish forces seized control of the port city of Umm Qasr. Baghdad, Iraq's capital city, fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved. On 1 May 2003, Bush announced that major combat operations in Iraq had ended. However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. The insurgency, which included al-Qaeda affiliated groups, led to far more coalition casualties than the invasion. Other elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of President Hussein's Ba'ath regime, which included Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists. Many insurgency leaders are Islamists and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic Caliphate of centuries past. Iraq's former president, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces in December 2003. He was executed in 2006.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Halil Kut",
"paragraph_text": "In 1917, Halil Pasha was ordered by the Minister of Defense Enver Pasha to move some of his troops to the Persian Campaign It was an unsuccessful attempt to destabilize the British supported government there. This limited his ability to defend Baghdad and led to the Fall of Baghdad. After which fresh British forces were massed at the Iraq front after this surrender.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Red Army",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Sahara",
"paragraph_text": "The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. Indeed, the extreme aridity of the Sahara can't be only explained by the subtropical high pressure. The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert. These major mountain ranges act as a barrier causing a strong rain shadow effect on the leeward side by dropping much of the humidity brought by atmospheric disturbances along the polar front which affects the surrounding Mediterranean climates.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the \"RVN\"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or \"VC\", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Battle of Bezzecca",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bezzecca was fought on 21 July 1866 between Italy and Austria, during the Third Italian Independence War. The Italian force, the Hunters of the Alps, were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, and had invaded Trentino as part of the general Italian offensive against the Austrian force occupying north-eastern Italy after the decisive Prussian victory of Battle of Königgrätz, which had led Austria to move part of their troops towards Vienna (see Invasion of Trentino).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Free France",
"paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "France–United Kingdom relations",
"paragraph_text": "The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Kyoto Protocol",
"paragraph_text": "The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human - made CO emissions have predominantly caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Chinese Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "On 12 December 1936, the disgruntled Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng conspired to kidnap Chiang and force him into a truce with the CPC. The incident became known as the Xi'an Incident. Both parties suspended fighting to form a Second United Front to focus their energies and fighting against the Japanese. In 1937 Japan launched its full - scale invasion of China and its well - equipped troops overran KMT defenders in northern and coastal China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Russo-Japanese War",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Mukden commenced on 20 February 1905. In the following days Japanese forces proceeded to assault the right and left flanks of Russian forces surrounding Mukden, along a 50-mile (80 km) front. Approximately half a million men were involved in the fighting. Both sides were well entrenched and were backed by hundreds of artillery pieces. After days of harsh fighting, added pressure from the flanks forced both ends of the Russian defensive line to curve backwards. Seeing they were about to be encircled, the Russians began a general retreat, fighting a series of fierce rearguard actions, which soon deteriorated in the confusion and collapse of Russian forces. On 10 March 1905, after three weeks of fighting, General Kuropatkin decided to withdraw to the north of Mukden. The Russians lost 90,000 men in the battle.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Battle of Königsberg",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg Offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian Offensive during World War II. In four days of violent urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg – now Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city. There was heavy fighting for the overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line. The battle finished when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Armenia",
"paragraph_text": "Armenia was annexed by Bolshevist Russia and along with Georgia and Azerbaijan, it was incorporated into the Soviet Union as part of the Transcaucasian SFSR (TSFSR) on 4 March 1922. With this annexation, the Treaty of Alexandropol was superseded by the Turkish-Soviet Treaty of Kars. In the agreement, Turkey allowed the Soviet Union to assume control over Adjara with the port city of Batumi in return for sovereignty over the cities of Kars, Ardahan, and Iğdır, all of which were part of Russian Armenia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Breast Cancer Awareness Month",
"paragraph_text": "NBCAM was founded in 1985 in October as a partnership between the American Cancer Society and the pharmaceutical division of Imperial Chemical Industries (now part of AstraZeneca, producer of several anti-breast cancer drugs). The aim of the NBCAM from the start has been to promote mammography as the most effective weapon in the fight against breast cancer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Five-star rank",
"paragraph_text": "Nine Americans have been promoted to five - star rank, one of them, Henry H. Arnold, in two services (US Army then later in the US Air Force). As part of the bicentennial celebration, George Washington was, 177 years after his death, permanently made senior to all other US generals / admirals, with the title General of the Armies, effective on 4 July 1976. The appointment stated he was to have ``rank and precedence over all other grades of the Army, past or present ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Kargil War",
"paragraph_text": "The Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass subsector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, Pakistan had to withdraw under international pressure and due to pressure from continued fighting at battle front and left India in control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Simla Agreement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic",
"paragraph_text": "The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR; Закавказская демократическая Федеративная Республика (ЗКДФР); \"Zakavkazskaya Demokraticheskaya Federativnaya Respublika\" (ZKDFR); 22 April28 May 1918), also known as the Transcaucasian Federation, was a short-lived South Caucasian state extending across what are now the modern-day countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, plus parts of Eastern Turkey as well as Russian border areas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Transcaucasian Front",
"paragraph_text": "Transcaucasian Front or Transcaucasus Front () was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War. This sense of the term is not identical with the more general usage of military front which indicates a geographic area in wartime, although a Soviet Front may operate within designated boundaries.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Australian Army during World War II",
"paragraph_text": "The Australian Army was the largest service in the Australian military during World War II. Prior to the outbreak of war the Australian Army was split into the small full - time Permanent Military Forces (PMF) and the larger part - time Militia. Following the outbreak of war, on 14 September 1939 Prime Minister Robert Menzies announced that 40,000 members of the Militia would be called up for training and a 20,000 - strong expeditionary force, designated the Second Australian Imperial Force (Second AIF), would be formed for overseas service. Meanwhile, conscription was introduced in October 1939 to keep the Militia at strength as its members volunteered for the AIF. The Australian Army subsequently made an important contribution to the Allied campaigns in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and North Africa fighting the Germans, Italians and Vichy French during 1940 and 1941, and later in the jungles of the South West Pacific Area fighting the Japanese between late 1941 and 1945. Following the Japanese surrender Australian Army units were deployed as occupation forces across the South West Pacific. Meanwhile, the Army contributed troops to the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) in Japan from 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who led the army that was part of the Transcaucasian front and made it an effective fighting force?
|
[
{
"id": 858939,
"question": "Transcaucasian Front >> part of",
"answer": "Red Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 57062,
"question": "who led #1 and made it an effective fighting force",
"answer": "Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] |
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky
|
[
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"
] | true |
2hop__489681_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "La Paz",
"paragraph_text": "In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Opaque (rapper)",
"paragraph_text": "Morten Aasdahl Eliassen (born 25 September 1976), also known as stage name Opaque or the alias Mae, is a Norwegian rapper from Furuset in Oslo.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Kanye is credited for the shift away from what genre containing the song Opaque?
|
[
{
"id": 489681,
"question": "Opaque >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__624490_83050
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Windfall (sculpture)",
"paragraph_text": "Windfall is a public art work by Canadian artist Robert Murray located at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The sculpture is an abstract form made of aluminum panels set at angles; it is painted bright red and installed on the lawn.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Way Four",
"paragraph_text": "Way Four is a public art work by artist Bernard Kirschenbaum at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The stainless steel sculpture is an open circle that creates an orbit for two triangles; it is installed on the lawn.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "Another important library – the University Library, founded in 1816, is home to over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzyński and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 December 1999. It is surrounded by green. The University Library garden, designed by Irena Bajerska, was opened on 12 June 2002. It is one of the largest and most beautiful roof gardens in Europe with an area of more than 10,000 m2 (107,639.10 sq ft), and plants covering 5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft). As the university garden it is open to the public every day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Mehan Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Mehan Garden is an open space in Manila, Philippines. It was established in 1858 by the Spanish colonial authorities as a botanical garden, called the \"Jardín Botánico\", outside the walled city.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Cleveland Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Botanical Garden, located in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, was founded in 1930 as the Garden Center of Greater Cleveland. It was the first such organization in an American city. Originally housed in a converted boathouse on Wade Park Lagoon, the center served as a horticultural library, offering classes and workshops for gardeners and spearheading beautification projects in the community. In 1966, having outgrown its original home, the Garden Center moved to its present location in University Circle, the site of the old Cleveland Zoo. Remnants of the old bear pit still remain in the Ohio Woodland Garden. In 1994, the organization's Board of Trustees changed the name to Cleveland Botanical Garden to reflect a dramatically expanded mission and launched an ambitious capital campaign to develop a facility that would support the enhanced program agenda. The expanded and renovated building, designed by Graham Gund Architects of Cambridge, Massachusetts, opened to the public in July 2003.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Make Way for Ducklings",
"paragraph_text": "Make Way for Ducklings is a children's picture book written and illustrated by Robert McCloskey. First published in 1941, the book tells the story of a pair of mallards who decide to raise their family on an island in the lagoon in Boston Public Garden, a park in the center of Boston.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Robert Marnock",
"paragraph_text": "Robert Marnock (1800–1889) was one of the outstanding English horticulturalists and garden designers of the 19th century. He was considered by his contemporaries to be the best exponent of the Gardenesque school of landscape gardening.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Ian Gallagher",
"paragraph_text": "Ian Gallagher is the third oldest Gallagher sibling and is aged 15 at the beginning of the first series in 2004. He is the son of Monica Gallagher (Annabelle Apsion) and Gary Bennett, revealed when his blood group was found to be incompatible with the rest of his siblings'. His half - brothers are Phillip ``Lip ''Gallagher (Jody Latham), Carl Gallagher (Elliott Tittensor), Liam Gallagher (Johnny Bennett) and Sean Bennett, and his half - sisters are Fiona Gallagher (Anne - Marie Duff), Debbie Gallagher (Rebecca Ryan), and Stella Gallagher (Nikita Brownlee). He has one niece, Katie Maguire, who is the daughter of Lip. He used to work at The Jockey as a barman but in more recent series his employment, if he has any, has not been shown.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sidney Myer Music Bowl",
"paragraph_text": "The Sidney Myer Music Bowl is an outdoor, bandshell performance venue in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It is located in the lawns and gardens of Kings Domain, Linlithgow Ave, Melbourne, close to the Arts Centre and the Southbank entertainment precinct. It was officially opened by Prime Minister Robert Menzies on 12 February 1959, with an audience of 30,000 people, and is listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Garvan Woodland Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "Garvan Woodland Gardens is a 210-acre (850,000 m²) botanical garden located at 550 Arkridge Road, approximately 6 miles from Hot Springs National Park in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States. Owned by the University of Arkansas, it has the stated mission of education, research and public service. For an admission fee, it is open daily, except on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and the month of January.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Highline Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Highline Botanical Garden is a community botanical garden located at 13735 24th Avenue South, SeaTac, Washington. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "National Orchid Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The National Orchid Garden, located within the Singapore Botanic Gardens, was opened on 20 October 1995 by Singapore's Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Garden of Unearthly Delights",
"paragraph_text": "The Garden Of Unearthly Delights is a novel by British author Robert Rankin. Its title is a reference to the painting \"The Garden of Earthly Delights\" by the painter Hieronymus Bosch.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "London Transport Museum",
"paragraph_text": "The museum operates from two sites within London. The main site in Covent Garden uses the name of its parent institution, sometimes suffixed by \"Covent Garden\", and is open to the public every day, having reopened in 2007 after a two-year refurbishment. The other site, located in Acton, is known as the London Transport Museum Depot and is principally a storage site that is open on regular visitor days throughout the year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Ballarat Botanical Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "The Ballarat Botanical Gardens Reserve, located on the western shore of picturesque Lake Wendouree, in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, covers an area of 40 hectares which is divided into three distinct zones. The central Botanical Gardens reserve in the 'gardenesque' style of the Victorian pleasure garden. On either side there are open parkland buffers known as the North and South Gardens. The Gardens celebrated its sesquicentenary (150 years old) in 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Jardin botanique de Sedan",
"paragraph_text": "The Jardin botanique de Sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on Philippoteaux Avenue beside the Place d'Alsace-Lorraine, Sedan, Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Elven C. Smith House",
"paragraph_text": "Elven C. Smith House is a historic home located at Williamson, Mingo County, West Virginia. It was built in 1938, in a Neo-Classical Revival / Georgian Revival style. It is a red brick building with a hipped roof and features a two-story, flat roofed portico supported by fluted columns. Also on the property is a stone retaining wall and monumental stairway in the landscaped gardens.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Robert Gallagher",
"paragraph_text": "Robert Gallagher (born 1969 in Kensington, England) is an award winning commercial and editorial photographer currently based in Los Angeles, California. He has been awarded three times in the prestigious Communication Arts Photography Annual, named one of the 'Top 25 Photographers of 2016' by Creative Quarterly and is archived in The National Portrait Gallery in London",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Kensington Roof Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "The building housed the department store Derry and Toms until 1973, and then Biba until 1975. Since the 1980s the garden has been used as a restaurant and club.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Yankee Stadium (1923)",
"paragraph_text": "In 2006, the Yankees began building a new $2.3 billion stadium in public parkland adjacent to the stadium. The price included $1.2 billion in public subsidies. The design includes a replica of the frieze along the roof that was in Yankee Stadium. Monument Park, a Hall of Fame for prominent former Yankees, was relocated to the new stadium. Yankee Stadium closed following the 2008 baseball season and the new stadium opened in 2009, adopting the ``Yankee Stadium ''moniker. The original Yankee Stadium was demolished in 2010, two years after it closed, and the 8 - acre site was converted into a park called Heritage Field. The new Yankee stadium opened in 2009 and is currently used by the NY Yankees.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the roof gardens above the neighborhood where Robert Gallagher was born opened to the public?
|
[
{
"id": 624490,
"question": "Robert Gallagher >> place of birth",
"answer": "Kensington",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 83050,
"question": "when did the roof gardens above #1 open to the public",
"answer": "1980s",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] |
1980s
|
[] | true |
2hop__623499_83050
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Jardin botanique de Sedan",
"paragraph_text": "The Jardin botanique de Sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on Philippoteaux Avenue beside the Place d'Alsace-Lorraine, Sedan, Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Dallam Tower",
"paragraph_text": "Dallam Tower is a grade I listed country house in Beetham parish, near Milnthorpe, South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. It is a member of the Historic Houses Association but is not open to the public except for occasional charity events, visits to the garden through the National Gardens Scheme, and as a wedding venue.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens is a nonprofit, volunteer-run living museum specializing in iris flowers, located at 474 Upper Mountain Avenue, Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The gardens are situated on 6.5 acres. Adjacent to the gardens is a Victorian house, the Walther House. The house is open to the public and is home to a museum shop and headquarters for the Citizens Committee that oversees the gardens.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "Another important library – the University Library, founded in 1816, is home to over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzyński and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 December 1999. It is surrounded by green. The University Library garden, designed by Irena Bajerska, was opened on 12 June 2002. It is one of the largest and most beautiful roof gardens in Europe with an area of more than 10,000 m2 (107,639.10 sq ft), and plants covering 5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft). As the university garden it is open to the public every day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "University of Kansas",
"paragraph_text": "The University Daily Kansan operates outside of the university's William Allen White School of Journalism and reaches an audience of at least 30,000 daily readers through its print and online publications",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Smoking ban in England",
"paragraph_text": "On 16 November 2004 a Public Health white paper proposed a smoking ban in almost all public places in England and Wales. Smoking restrictions would be phased in, with a ban on smoking in NHS and government buildings by 2006, in enclosed public places by 2007, and pubs, bars and restaurants (except pubs not serving food) by the end of 2008.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Way Four",
"paragraph_text": "Way Four is a public art work by artist Bernard Kirschenbaum at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The stainless steel sculpture is an open circle that creates an orbit for two triangles; it is installed on the lawn.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Cleveland Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Botanical Garden, located in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, was founded in 1930 as the Garden Center of Greater Cleveland. It was the first such organization in an American city. Originally housed in a converted boathouse on Wade Park Lagoon, the center served as a horticultural library, offering classes and workshops for gardeners and spearheading beautification projects in the community. In 1966, having outgrown its original home, the Garden Center moved to its present location in University Circle, the site of the old Cleveland Zoo. Remnants of the old bear pit still remain in the Ohio Woodland Garden. In 1994, the organization's Board of Trustees changed the name to Cleveland Botanical Garden to reflect a dramatically expanded mission and launched an ambitious capital campaign to develop a facility that would support the enhanced program agenda. The expanded and renovated building, designed by Graham Gund Architects of Cambridge, Massachusetts, opened to the public in July 2003.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Kensington Roof Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "The building housed the department store Derry and Toms until 1973, and then Biba until 1975. Since the 1980s the garden has been used as a restaurant and club.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Garvan Woodland Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "Garvan Woodland Gardens is a 210-acre (850,000 m²) botanical garden located at 550 Arkridge Road, approximately 6 miles from Hot Springs National Park in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States. Owned by the University of Arkansas, it has the stated mission of education, research and public service. For an admission fee, it is open daily, except on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and the month of January.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Ballarat Botanical Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "The Ballarat Botanical Gardens Reserve, located on the western shore of picturesque Lake Wendouree, in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, covers an area of 40 hectares which is divided into three distinct zones. The central Botanical Gardens reserve in the 'gardenesque' style of the Victorian pleasure garden. On either side there are open parkland buffers known as the North and South Gardens. The Gardens celebrated its sesquicentenary (150 years old) in 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Mehan Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Mehan Garden is an open space in Manila, Philippines. It was established in 1858 by the Spanish colonial authorities as a botanical garden, called the \"Jardín Botánico\", outside the walled city.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Highline Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Highline Botanical Garden is a community botanical garden located at 13735 24th Avenue South, SeaTac, Washington. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "William Whiting (poet)",
"paragraph_text": "He was born in Kensington, England, and educated at Chapham and Winchester College. Because of his musical ability, he became master of Winchester College Choristers' School. While best known for \"Eternal Father, Strong to Save\", Whiting also published two poetry collections: \"Rural Thoughts\" (1851) and \"Edgar Thorpe, or the Warfare of Life\" (1867). He died at Winchester.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Olympus Has Fallen",
"paragraph_text": "Filming began in Shreveport, Louisiana, in mid-July 2012. Because \"Olympus Has Fallen\" was filmed so far from its actual setting of Washington, D.C., the entire production relied heavily upon visual effects, particularly computer-generated imagery. For example, computers were used to create nearly all of the opening sequence in which the First Lady is killed in a car accident, with chroma key greenscreen technology used to composite the actors into the computer-generated snowy scenery. For scenes where actors walked in or out of the White House, a first-floor façade and entrance were built; computers added the second floor, roof, and downtown D.C. cityscape. Action scenes with the White House in the background were filmed in open fields and the White House and D.C. were added in post-production.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Yankee Stadium (1923)",
"paragraph_text": "In 2006, the Yankees began building a new $2.3 billion stadium in public parkland adjacent to the stadium. The price included $1.2 billion in public subsidies. The design includes a replica of the frieze along the roof that was in Yankee Stadium. Monument Park, a Hall of Fame for prominent former Yankees, was relocated to the new stadium. Yankee Stadium closed following the 2008 baseball season and the new stadium opened in 2009, adopting the ``Yankee Stadium ''moniker. The original Yankee Stadium was demolished in 2010, two years after it closed, and the 8 - acre site was converted into a park called Heritage Field. The new Yankee stadium opened in 2009 and is currently used by the NY Yankees.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Elven C. Smith House",
"paragraph_text": "Elven C. Smith House is a historic home located at Williamson, Mingo County, West Virginia. It was built in 1938, in a Neo-Classical Revival / Georgian Revival style. It is a red brick building with a hipped roof and features a two-story, flat roofed portico supported by fluted columns. Also on the property is a stone retaining wall and monumental stairway in the landscaped gardens.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "National Orchid Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The National Orchid Garden, located within the Singapore Botanic Gardens, was opened on 20 October 1995 by Singapore's Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Queen Square House, Bristol",
"paragraph_text": "Originally constructed in 1889 to the plans of William Venn Gough, as the Port of Bristol Authority Docks Office, it is in a richly decorated Classical style with a roof in the French Empire style.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "London Transport Museum",
"paragraph_text": "The museum operates from two sites within London. The main site in Covent Garden uses the name of its parent institution, sometimes suffixed by \"Covent Garden\", and is open to the public every day, having reopened in 2007 after a two-year refurbishment. The other site, located in Acton, is known as the London Transport Museum Depot and is principally a storage site that is open on regular visitor days throughout the year.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the roof gardens above the city where William Whiting was born, open to the public?
|
[
{
"id": 623499,
"question": "William Whiting >> place of birth",
"answer": "Kensington",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 83050,
"question": "when did the roof gardens above #1 open to the public",
"answer": "1980s",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] |
1980s
|
[] | true |
2hop__530054_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Orgi-E",
"paragraph_text": "Emil Simonsen better known by his stage name Orgi-E (born in 1979 in Denmark) is a Danish rapper who in 1997 became part of the formation Suspekt alongside Rune Rask and Bai-D (Andreas Bai Duelund). He has also developed his solo career independent of the group. In 2005, he cooperated with Troo.L.S, a previous member of Suspekt in the album \"Forklædt som voksen\". In 2012 his solo album \"Klamfyr\" released on Tabu Records reached #1 on the Danish Albums Chart in its first week of release.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "La Paz",
"paragraph_text": "In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Kanye is credit for the shift away from what genre of song style which includes Suspekt?
|
[
{
"id": 530054,
"question": "Suspekt >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__247972_83050
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Elven C. Smith House",
"paragraph_text": "Elven C. Smith House is a historic home located at Williamson, Mingo County, West Virginia. It was built in 1938, in a Neo-Classical Revival / Georgian Revival style. It is a red brick building with a hipped roof and features a two-story, flat roofed portico supported by fluted columns. Also on the property is a stone retaining wall and monumental stairway in the landscaped gardens.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Dallam Tower",
"paragraph_text": "Dallam Tower is a grade I listed country house in Beetham parish, near Milnthorpe, South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. It is a member of the Historic Houses Association but is not open to the public except for occasional charity events, visits to the garden through the National Gardens Scheme, and as a wedding venue.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Mehan Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Mehan Garden is an open space in Manila, Philippines. It was established in 1858 by the Spanish colonial authorities as a botanical garden, called the \"Jardín Botánico\", outside the walled city.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Royal Institute of British Architects",
"paragraph_text": "RIBA is based at 66 Portland Place, London—a 1930s Grade II* listed building designed by architect George Grey Wornum with sculptures by Edward Bainbridge Copnall and James Woodford. Parts of the London building are open to the public, including the Library. It has a large architectural bookshop, a café, restaurant and lecture theatres. Rooms are hired out for events.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Royal Institute of British Architects",
"paragraph_text": "The library is based at two public sites: the Reading Room at the RIBA's headquarters, 66 Portland Place, London; and the RIBA Architecture Study Rooms in the Henry Cole Wing of the V&A. The Reading Room, designed by the building's architect George Grey Wornum and his wife Miriam, retains its original 1934 Art Deco interior with open bookshelves, original furniture and double-height central space. The study rooms, opened in 2004, were designed by Wright & Wright. The library is funded entirely by the RIBA but it is open to the public without charge. It operates a free education programme aimed at students, education groups and families, and an information service for RIBA members and the public through the RIBA Information Centre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "George Palao",
"paragraph_text": "George L. Palao BEM (4 October 1940, Kensington, United Kingdom - 2009, Gibraltar) was a Gibraltarian historian and potholer and illustrator. He was particularly known for his excavations and finds in many caves of Gibraltar.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "London Transport Museum",
"paragraph_text": "The museum operates from two sites within London. The main site in Covent Garden uses the name of its parent institution, sometimes suffixed by \"Covent Garden\", and is open to the public every day, having reopened in 2007 after a two-year refurbishment. The other site, located in Acton, is known as the London Transport Museum Depot and is principally a storage site that is open on regular visitor days throughout the year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Ballarat Botanical Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "The Ballarat Botanical Gardens Reserve, located on the western shore of picturesque Lake Wendouree, in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, covers an area of 40 hectares which is divided into three distinct zones. The central Botanical Gardens reserve in the 'gardenesque' style of the Victorian pleasure garden. On either side there are open parkland buffers known as the North and South Gardens. The Gardens celebrated its sesquicentenary (150 years old) in 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Garvan Woodland Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "Garvan Woodland Gardens is a 210-acre (850,000 m²) botanical garden located at 550 Arkridge Road, approximately 6 miles from Hot Springs National Park in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States. Owned by the University of Arkansas, it has the stated mission of education, research and public service. For an admission fee, it is open daily, except on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and the month of January.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Kensington Roof Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "The building housed the department store Derry and Toms until 1973, and then Biba until 1975. Since the 1980s the garden has been used as a restaurant and club.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Highline Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Highline Botanical Garden is a community botanical garden located at 13735 24th Avenue South, SeaTac, Washington. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Georgeson Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The Georgeson Botanical Garden is located at 117 West Tanana Drive on the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus in Fairbanks, Alaska, United States. The five acre garden hosts a variety of research and educational programs in subarctic horticulture. It is open to the public during daylight hours, May through September, for a fee. It is part of the Alaska Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. The garden was named after Charles Christian Georgeson, who was USDA Special Agent in Charge of Alaska Investigations in 1899. Dr. Georgeson arrived in Alaska during the Gold Rush to research the possibilities for agriculture in Alaska. He surveyed the land near Fairbanks and started the Fairbanks Experiment Farm. A portion of the land was later annexed for use as the first campus of the University of Alaska.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "Another important library – the University Library, founded in 1816, is home to over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzyński and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 December 1999. It is surrounded by green. The University Library garden, designed by Irena Bajerska, was opened on 12 June 2002. It is one of the largest and most beautiful roof gardens in Europe with an area of more than 10,000 m2 (107,639.10 sq ft), and plants covering 5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft). As the university garden it is open to the public every day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Yankee Stadium (1923)",
"paragraph_text": "In 2006, the Yankees began building a new $2.3 billion stadium in public parkland adjacent to the stadium. The price included $1.2 billion in public subsidies. The design includes a replica of the frieze along the roof that was in Yankee Stadium. Monument Park, a Hall of Fame for prominent former Yankees, was relocated to the new stadium. Yankee Stadium closed following the 2008 baseball season and the new stadium opened in 2009, adopting the ``Yankee Stadium ''moniker. The original Yankee Stadium was demolished in 2010, two years after it closed, and the 8 - acre site was converted into a park called Heritage Field. The new Yankee stadium opened in 2009 and is currently used by the NY Yankees.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Way Four",
"paragraph_text": "Way Four is a public art work by artist Bernard Kirschenbaum at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The stainless steel sculpture is an open circle that creates an orbit for two triangles; it is installed on the lawn.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Cleveland Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Botanical Garden, located in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, was founded in 1930 as the Garden Center of Greater Cleveland. It was the first such organization in an American city. Originally housed in a converted boathouse on Wade Park Lagoon, the center served as a horticultural library, offering classes and workshops for gardeners and spearheading beautification projects in the community. In 1966, having outgrown its original home, the Garden Center moved to its present location in University Circle, the site of the old Cleveland Zoo. Remnants of the old bear pit still remain in the Ohio Woodland Garden. In 1994, the organization's Board of Trustees changed the name to Cleveland Botanical Garden to reflect a dramatically expanded mission and launched an ambitious capital campaign to develop a facility that would support the enhanced program agenda. The expanded and renovated building, designed by Graham Gund Architects of Cambridge, Massachusetts, opened to the public in July 2003.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Jardin botanique de Sedan",
"paragraph_text": "The Jardin botanique de Sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on Philippoteaux Avenue beside the Place d'Alsace-Lorraine, Sedan, Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "National Orchid Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The National Orchid Garden, located within the Singapore Botanic Gardens, was opened on 20 October 1995 by Singapore's Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Freddie Keppard",
"paragraph_text": "Sometime in either late 1911 or early 1912, bassist Bill Johnson, who had been making his career in Los Angeles, California since 1909, started the initiative to organize an ``Original Creole Ragtime Band ''to play the New Orleans style across the country. He invited players from his hometown of New Orleans, including Freddie Keppard, to join him in this enterprise. After Keppard accepted his invitation to play cornet for this band, Johnson managed to get Eddie Vinson on trombone, George Baquet on clarinet, Norwood Williams on guitar, Jimmy Palao on violin, and later Dink Johnson on drums. This group went on the Orpheum Theatre circuit out of San Francisco in 1913 as the`` Original Creole Orchestra.'' In the following years, the band would tour Chicago and New York. In their 1915 performance at the Winter Garden, for a show entitled Town Topics, the group was billed as ``That Creole Band. ''Thus, Freddie Keppard was among the first musicians as well as the first cornetist to take the New Orleans ensemble style outside of the city.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Rokeby (King George, Virginia)",
"paragraph_text": "Rokeby is a historic home located at King George, King George County, Virginia. The original section was built about 1828, and is a two-story, three bay Federal style brick dwelling. It has a low hipped roof, tripartite windows, lintel-type",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the roof gardens above the district where George Palao is born, open to the public?
|
[
{
"id": 247972,
"question": "George Palao >> place of birth",
"answer": "Kensington",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 83050,
"question": "when did the roof gardens above #1 open to the public",
"answer": "1980s",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] |
1980s
|
[] | true |
2hop__726988_83050
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "National Orchid Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The National Orchid Garden, located within the Singapore Botanic Gardens, was opened on 20 October 1995 by Singapore's Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Dallam Tower",
"paragraph_text": "Dallam Tower is a grade I listed country house in Beetham parish, near Milnthorpe, South Lakeland, Cumbria, England. It is a member of the Historic Houses Association but is not open to the public except for occasional charity events, visits to the garden through the National Gardens Scheme, and as a wedding venue.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Ballarat Botanical Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "The Ballarat Botanical Gardens Reserve, located on the western shore of picturesque Lake Wendouree, in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, covers an area of 40 hectares which is divided into three distinct zones. The central Botanical Gardens reserve in the 'gardenesque' style of the Victorian pleasure garden. On either side there are open parkland buffers known as the North and South Gardens. The Gardens celebrated its sesquicentenary (150 years old) in 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "Another important library – the University Library, founded in 1816, is home to over two million items. The building was designed by architects Marek Budzyński and Zbigniew Badowski and opened on 15 December 1999. It is surrounded by green. The University Library garden, designed by Irena Bajerska, was opened on 12 June 2002. It is one of the largest and most beautiful roof gardens in Europe with an area of more than 10,000 m2 (107,639.10 sq ft), and plants covering 5,111 m2 (55,014.35 sq ft). As the university garden it is open to the public every day.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Way Four",
"paragraph_text": "Way Four is a public art work by artist Bernard Kirschenbaum at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The stainless steel sculpture is an open circle that creates an orbit for two triangles; it is installed on the lawn.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Cleveland Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Botanical Garden, located in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, was founded in 1930 as the Garden Center of Greater Cleveland. It was the first such organization in an American city. Originally housed in a converted boathouse on Wade Park Lagoon, the center served as a horticultural library, offering classes and workshops for gardeners and spearheading beautification projects in the community. In 1966, having outgrown its original home, the Garden Center moved to its present location in University Circle, the site of the old Cleveland Zoo. Remnants of the old bear pit still remain in the Ohio Woodland Garden. In 1994, the organization's Board of Trustees changed the name to Cleveland Botanical Garden to reflect a dramatically expanded mission and launched an ambitious capital campaign to develop a facility that would support the enhanced program agenda. The expanded and renovated building, designed by Graham Gund Architects of Cambridge, Massachusetts, opened to the public in July 2003.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Highline Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Highline Botanical Garden is a community botanical garden located at 13735 24th Avenue South, SeaTac, Washington. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mehan Garden",
"paragraph_text": "Mehan Garden is an open space in Manila, Philippines. It was established in 1858 by the Spanish colonial authorities as a botanical garden, called the \"Jardín Botánico\", outside the walled city.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Jardin botanique de Sedan",
"paragraph_text": "The Jardin botanique de Sedan is a botanical garden and city park located on Philippoteaux Avenue beside the Place d'Alsace-Lorraine, Sedan, Ardennes, Champagne-Ardenne, France. It is open daily without charge.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Georgeson Botanical Garden",
"paragraph_text": "The Georgeson Botanical Garden is located at 117 West Tanana Drive on the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus in Fairbanks, Alaska, United States. The five acre garden hosts a variety of research and educational programs in subarctic horticulture. It is open to the public during daylight hours, May through September, for a fee. It is part of the Alaska Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. The garden was named after Charles Christian Georgeson, who was USDA Special Agent in Charge of Alaska Investigations in 1899. Dr. Georgeson arrived in Alaska during the Gold Rush to research the possibilities for agriculture in Alaska. He surveyed the land near Fairbanks and started the Fairbanks Experiment Farm. A portion of the land was later annexed for use as the first campus of the University of Alaska.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Elven C. Smith House",
"paragraph_text": "Elven C. Smith House is a historic home located at Williamson, Mingo County, West Virginia. It was built in 1938, in a Neo-Classical Revival / Georgian Revival style. It is a red brick building with a hipped roof and features a two-story, flat roofed portico supported by fluted columns. Also on the property is a stone retaining wall and monumental stairway in the landscaped gardens.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "Presby Memorial Iris Gardens is a nonprofit, volunteer-run living museum specializing in iris flowers, located at 474 Upper Mountain Avenue, Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, New Jersey, United States. The gardens are situated on 6.5 acres. Adjacent to the gardens is a Victorian house, the Walther House. The house is open to the public and is home to a museum shop and headquarters for the Citizens Committee that oversees the gardens.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Paul Bircher",
"paragraph_text": "Bircher was born at Kensington, London. He was educated at Radley College and Christ's College, Cambridge and in 1948, he was a member of the victorious Cambridge crew in the Boat Race. Most of the Cambridge crew of 1948 also rowed for Leander Club at Henley Royal Regatta. The Leander eight were selected to row for Great Britain in the 1948 Summer Olympics and won the silver medal. Bircher was in the winning Cambridge crews in the 1949 and 1950 Boat Races. In 1953 he was a member of the Leander Club crew which won the Grand Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Hercules in the Garden of the Hesperides",
"paragraph_text": "Hercules in the Garden of the Hesperides is a 1638 painting by Peter Paul Rubens. It measures 246 cm by 168.5 cm and is now in the Sabauda Gallery in Turin. It shows Hercules in the Garden of the Hesperides and forms part of a pair with the same artist's \"Deianira Listens to Fame\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Boone's Chapel",
"paragraph_text": "Boone's Chapel is a Grade I listed, single-storey building attributed to Sir Christopher Wren and built in 1683. The chapel is very small, measuring just 45 square metres and is constructed of red brickwork with Portland stone details to window architraves, rusticated quoins and a pyramidal roof with an open wood cupola. It is located adjacent to the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors almshouses on Lee High Road in Lewisham, London and is one of only two Grade I-listed buildings in the borough of Lewisham (the other is St Paul's, Deptford).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Kensington Roof Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "The building housed the department store Derry and Toms until 1973, and then Biba until 1975. Since the 1980s the garden has been used as a restaurant and club.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Jimmy McNeece",
"paragraph_text": "Jimmy McNeece was a professional American Lightweight boxer from Oakdale, Long Island, New York. As an amateur boxer, McNeece won the 1976 New York Golden Gloves 112 lb. Open Championship. McNeece defeated amateur standout and future professional boxing star Paul Devorce in the finals at Madison Square Garden.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Garden of Prayer",
"paragraph_text": "Garden of Prayer is a 1954 album of songs recorded by American singer Jo Stafford, accompanied by the orchestra of Paul Weston. Each of the eight tracks on this album has a religious or inspirational theme. It was released in 1954 by Columbia Records (CL 6286), then reissued on CD in 2010 by Sinetone AMR, and appears under two titles - either Garden of Prayer or Beautiful Garden of Prayer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Garvan Woodland Gardens",
"paragraph_text": "Garvan Woodland Gardens is a 210-acre (850,000 m²) botanical garden located at 550 Arkridge Road, approximately 6 miles from Hot Springs National Park in Hot Springs, Arkansas, United States. Owned by the University of Arkansas, it has the stated mission of education, research and public service. For an admission fee, it is open daily, except on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and the month of January.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Yankee Stadium (1923)",
"paragraph_text": "In 2006, the Yankees began building a new $2.3 billion stadium in public parkland adjacent to the stadium. The price included $1.2 billion in public subsidies. The design includes a replica of the frieze along the roof that was in Yankee Stadium. Monument Park, a Hall of Fame for prominent former Yankees, was relocated to the new stadium. Yankee Stadium closed following the 2008 baseball season and the new stadium opened in 2009, adopting the ``Yankee Stadium ''moniker. The original Yankee Stadium was demolished in 2010, two years after it closed, and the 8 - acre site was converted into a park called Heritage Field. The new Yankee stadium opened in 2009 and is currently used by the NY Yankees.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the roof gardens above Paul Bircher's birthplace open to the public?
|
[
{
"id": 726988,
"question": "Paul Bircher >> place of birth",
"answer": "Kensington",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 83050,
"question": "when did the roof gardens above #1 open to the public",
"answer": "1980s",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] |
1980s
|
[] | true |
2hop__695609_57673
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Wyspa dzieci",
"paragraph_text": "Wyspa dzieci (English: \"The Island of Children\") is the second studio album by Polish group 2 Plus 1, released in 1975 by Polskie Nagrania Muza. The LP was a concept album, telling about problems of children and teenagers. The album included a number of hit songs: \"Kołysanka matki\", \"Na luzie\" and \"Gwiazda dnia\", the latter recorded for the 1973 film \"In Desert and Wilderness\". The album was re-released on CD in 2001.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "You're No Good",
"paragraph_text": "``You're No Good ''is a song written by Clint Ballard, Jr., first performed by Dee Dee Warwick for Jubilee Records in 1963 with production by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. It has since been covered by many artists, including charting versions by Betty Everett in 1963, The Swinging Blue Jeans in 1964, and Linda Ronstadt in 1975, whose version was a number 1 hit in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Let There Be Love (1993 Joni James album)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Let There Be Love\" was an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Willow in the Wind",
"paragraph_text": "Willow in the Wind is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Kathy Mattea. It was released in 1989 (see 1989 in country music) on Mercury Records. The album is her highest-peaking entry on the Top Country Albums charts, where it reached number 6. It was also certified gold by the RIAA. Four singles were released from it, and all four reached Top Ten on the \"Billboard\" country singles charts. First were the back-to-back number 1 hits \"Come from the Heart\" and \"Burnin' Old Memories\", followed by the number 10 \"Where've You Been\" and number 2 \"She Came from Fort Worth\". \"Where've You Been\" was also a minor hit on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts, peaking at number 25 there. This song also earned her the 1990 Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Women and Children First",
"paragraph_text": "Women and Children First is the third studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen, released on March 26, 1980 on Warner Bros. Records. Produced by Ted Templeman, it was the first to feature compositions written solely by the band, and is described by critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine as \"[the] record where the group started to get heavier, both sonically and, to a lesser extent, thematically.\"",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Seer (band)",
"paragraph_text": "The band had a long string of album releases many reaching number 1 on the Austrian official charts. The band also had a number of hit singles. It won the Amadeus Austrian Music Award in the category Group Pop / Rock in 2003 followed in 2009, with another Amadeus Award win in the Schlager category.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Prime number",
"paragraph_text": "Most early Greeks did not even consider 1 to be a number, so they could not consider it to be a prime. By the Middle Ages and Renaissance many mathematicians included 1 as the first prime number. In the mid-18th century Christian Goldbach listed 1 as the first prime in his famous correspondence with Leonhard Euler -- who did not agree. In the 19th century many mathematicians still considered the number 1 to be a prime. For example, Derrick Norman Lehmer's list of primes up to 10,006,721, reprinted as late as 1956, started with 1 as its first prime. Henri Lebesgue is said to be the last professional mathematician to call 1 prime. By the early 20th century, mathematicians began to accept that 1 is not a prime number, but rather forms its own special category as a \"unit\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Shoo Fly, Don't Bother Me",
"paragraph_text": "``Shoo, Fly, Do n't Bother Me! ''is a song that was most likely written by T. Brigham Bishop and first published in 1869 by White, Smith & Perry. It has remained popular since that time. Today, it is commonly sung by children, and has been recorded on many children's records, including Disney Children's Favorite Songs 3, performed by Larry Groce and the Disneyland Children's Sing - Along Chorus.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sweet Thing (Keith Urban song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Sweet Thing\" is a song co-written and recorded by New Zealand country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on 3 November 2008 as the first single from his 2009 album \"Defying Gravity\". It made its debut on the Hot Country Songs charts at number 30, becoming Urban's nineteenth Top 40 country hit, and on the chart week of 14 March 2009, it became his tenth number 1 single. This song also went on to win his third win for 2010 Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance in 2010. This is Keith's first Top 40 hit on the Pop chart since \"Once in a Lifetime\" in 2006 and first Top 30 hit on the Pop chart since \"You'll Think of Me\" in 2004. The song was written by Urban and Monty Powell.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)",
"paragraph_text": "``Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This) ''is a song written and performed by the British new wave music duo Eurythmics. The song is the title track of their album of the same name and was released as the fourth and final single from the album in early 1983. The song became their breakthrough hit, establishing the duo worldwide. Its music video helped to propel the song to number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It was the first single released by Eurythmics in the US.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "It's Still Rock and Roll to Me",
"paragraph_text": "``It's Still Rock and Roll to Me ''is a hit 1980 song performed by Billy Joel, from the hit album Glass Houses. The song was number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts for two weeks, from July 19 through August 1, 1980. The song spent 11 weeks in the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 and was the 7th biggest hit of 1980 according to American Top 40. The song is an examination of the themes of a musician's degrading fame and public tastes that were expressed in his 1975 hit`` The Entertainer''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Classical music",
"paragraph_text": "Almost all of the composers who are described in music textbooks on classical music and whose works are widely performed as part of the standard concert repertoire are male composers, even though there has been a large number of women composers throughout the classical music period. Musicologist Marcia Citron has asked \"[w]hy is music composed by women so marginal to the standard 'classical' repertoire?\" Citron \"examines the practices and attitudes that have led to the exclusion of women composers from the received 'canon' of performed musical works.\" She argues that in the 1800s, women composers typically wrote art songs for performance in small recitals rather than symphonies intended for performance with an orchestra in a large hall, with the latter works being seen as the most important genre for composers; since women composers did not write many symphonies, they were deemed to be not notable as composers. In the \"...Concise Oxford History of Music, Clara Shumann [sic] is one of the only [sic] female composers mentioned.\" Abbey Philips states that \"[d]uring the 20th century the women who were composing/playing gained far less attention than their male counterparts.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Felt Good on My Lips",
"paragraph_text": "\"Felt Good on My Lips\" is a song written by Brett Beavers, Jim Beavers, Brett Warren and Brad Warren, and was performed by American country music singer Tim McGraw. It was released in September 2010 as the first single from his compilation album \"Number One Hits\", and has since become McGraw's 23rd Number One hit on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart. The song is also included on his 2012 release \"Emotional Traffic\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Magnet and Steel",
"paragraph_text": "``Magnet and Steel ''is a hit single written and performed by Walter Egan, released in May 1978. It was the first and greatest hit on Egan's second solo LP, Not Shy. It reached number eight on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and number nine in Canada. It spent 22 weeks on the American charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "You'll Never Find Another Love like Mine",
"paragraph_text": "``You'll Never Find Another Love Like Mine ''(written by Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff) is a song performed by R&B singer Lou Rawls on his 1976 album All Things in Time. The song proved to be Rawls' breakthrough hit, reaching number one on both the R&B and Easy Listening charts as well as number four on the dance chart and number two on the US Billboard Hot 100, where it was kept from the top spot for two weeks by`` You Should Be Dancing'' by The Bee Gees and ``(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty ''by KC and the Sunshine Band, respectively. This was the first and only time that one of Rawls' records managed to reach Billboard's pop top ten. It was the first big hit for Philadelphia International to feature the reformulated MFSB, after many of the original members left Gamble and Huff for better opportunities. The song started Rawls' live shows from 1977 on.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going",
"paragraph_text": "In addition to its presence in the musical, ``And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going ''is also notable as the debut single of two women who portrayed Effie. Jennifer Holliday originated the role on Broadway in 1981 and won a Tony Award for her performance as well as the Grammy for Best R&B Performance, Female for its re-release in 1982 for which it became a number - one R&B hit for Holliday. Jennifer Hudson portrayed Effie in the 2006 film adaptation of Dreamgirls, winning an Oscar for the role. Hudson's version became a Top 20 R&B single, and a number - one dance hit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Van Halen discography",
"paragraph_text": "As of 2007, Van Halen has sold 75 million albums worldwide and have had thirteen No. 1 hits on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart. During the 1980s they also had more Billboard Hot 100 hits than any other hard rock or heavy metal band. According to the RIAA, Van Halen is the nineteenth best - selling band / artist of all time with sales of over 56 million albums in the US, and is one of five rock bands that have had two albums (Van Halen and 1984) sell more than ten million copies in the US.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Live Like You Were Dying",
"paragraph_text": "Live Like You Were Dying is the eighth studio album by American country music artist Tim McGraw. It was released on August 24, 2004, by Curb Records and was recorded in a mountaintop studio in upstate New York. It entered the \"Billboard\" 200 chart at number one, with sales of 766,000 copies in its first week. The album was certified 4 x Platinum by the RIAA for shipping four million copies, and was nominated for two Grammies in 2005 for Best Country Vocal Performance Male and Best Country Album, winning for Best Country Vocal Performance. Five singles were released from the album, all were top 15 hits on the Hot Country Songs chart, two of which hit #1.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Lucille (Kenny Rogers song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Lucille\" is a song written by Roger Bowling and Hal Bynum, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Rogers. It was released in January 1977 as the second and final single from the album \"Kenny Rogers\". It became Rogers' first major hit as a solo artist after leaving the successful country/rock group The First Edition the previous year. An international hit, it reached number 1 on the Billboard Country Singles chart and number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Overseas, \"Lucille\" reached the top of the UK Singles Chart in June 1977, the first of Rogers' two number one singles there.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)",
"paragraph_text": "``I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles) ''is a song written and performed by Scottish duo The Proclaimers, and first released as the lead single from their 1988 album Sunshine on Leith. The song reached number 11 in the UK Singles Chart on its initial release, and it has since become their most popular song worldwide, initially becoming a number 1 hit in Iceland, before reaching number 1 in both Australia and New Zealand in early 1989.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
The band that released Women and Children First had how many number ones?
|
[
{
"id": 695609,
"question": "Women and Children First >> performer",
"answer": "Van Halen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 57673,
"question": "how many number 1 hits did #1 have",
"answer": "thirteen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] |
thirteen
|
[] | true |
2hop__386810_57062
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Constantin Brătescu",
"paragraph_text": "Constantin Brătescu (March 8, 1892 – April 13, 1971) was a Romanian Major-General during World War II. In 1941, he served first as Chief Propaganda Section General Staff (Romania's Propaganda Minister) and then as a Romanian liaison officer to the German Military Mission, meaning that he served as a German military officer during Operation Barbarossa and the Axis Invasion of the Soviet Union. Starting in 1942 Brătescu was a Romanian General Officer (at the rank of Major-General) and commanded the 1st Cavalry Division throughout the campaign against the Soviets, fighting in such engagements as Operation Barbarossa, Operation Blue, and the Battle of Stalingrad. Following the surrender of Friedrich Paulus' 6th Army at the Battle of Stalingrad, Brătescu became a prisoner of war and was held captive from 1943 to 1948. Finally, in 1948, he was released after five years of imprisonment and subsequently retired from active service. Bratescu ultimately died twenty-three years later, in 1971, at the age of seventy-nine.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Halil Kut",
"paragraph_text": "In 1917, Halil Pasha was ordered by the Minister of Defense Enver Pasha to move some of his troops to the Persian Campaign It was an unsuccessful attempt to destabilize the British supported government there. This limited his ability to defend Baghdad and led to the Fall of Baghdad. After which fresh British forces were massed at the Iraq front after this surrender.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Five-star rank",
"paragraph_text": "Nine Americans have been promoted to five - star rank, one of them, Henry H. Arnold, in two services (US Army then later in the US Air Force). As part of the bicentennial celebration, George Washington was, 177 years after his death, permanently made senior to all other US generals / admirals, with the title General of the Armies, effective on 4 July 1976. The appointment stated he was to have ``rank and precedence over all other grades of the Army, past or present ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Australian Army during World War II",
"paragraph_text": "The Australian Army was the largest service in the Australian military during World War II. Prior to the outbreak of war the Australian Army was split into the small full - time Permanent Military Forces (PMF) and the larger part - time Militia. Following the outbreak of war, on 14 September 1939 Prime Minister Robert Menzies announced that 40,000 members of the Militia would be called up for training and a 20,000 - strong expeditionary force, designated the Second Australian Imperial Force (Second AIF), would be formed for overseas service. Meanwhile, conscription was introduced in October 1939 to keep the Militia at strength as its members volunteered for the AIF. The Australian Army subsequently made an important contribution to the Allied campaigns in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and North Africa fighting the Germans, Italians and Vichy French during 1940 and 1941, and later in the jungles of the South West Pacific Area fighting the Japanese between late 1941 and 1945. Following the Japanese surrender Australian Army units were deployed as occupation forces across the South West Pacific. Meanwhile, the Army contributed troops to the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) in Japan from 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Stalingrad Front",
"paragraph_text": "The Stalingrad Front was a front, a military unit encompassing several armies, of the Soviet Union's Red Army during the Second World War. The name indicated the primary geographical region in which the Front first fought, based on the city of Stalingrad on the Volga River.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Battle of Königsberg",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg Offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian Offensive during World War II. In four days of violent urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg – now Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city. There was heavy fighting for the overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line. The battle finished when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Sahara",
"paragraph_text": "The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. Indeed, the extreme aridity of the Sahara can't be only explained by the subtropical high pressure. The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert. These major mountain ranges act as a barrier causing a strong rain shadow effect on the leeward side by dropping much of the humidity brought by atmospheric disturbances along the polar front which affects the surrounding Mediterranean climates.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Breast Cancer Awareness Month",
"paragraph_text": "NBCAM was founded in 1985 in October as a partnership between the American Cancer Society and the pharmaceutical division of Imperial Chemical Industries (now part of AstraZeneca, producer of several anti-breast cancer drugs). The aim of the NBCAM from the start has been to promote mammography as the most effective weapon in the fight against breast cancer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Red Army",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Battle of Bezzecca",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bezzecca was fought on 21 July 1866 between Italy and Austria, during the Third Italian Independence War. The Italian force, the Hunters of the Alps, were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, and had invaded Trentino as part of the general Italian offensive against the Austrian force occupying north-eastern Italy after the decisive Prussian victory of Battle of Königgrätz, which had led Austria to move part of their troops towards Vienna (see Invasion of Trentino).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Italo Gariboldi",
"paragraph_text": "Italo Gariboldi (20 April 1879 – 3 February 1970) was an Italian senior officer in the Royal Army (\"Regio Esercito\") before and during World War II. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross by German \"Führer\" Adolf Hitler, for his leadership of Italian forces in the Battle of Stalingrad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Kargil War",
"paragraph_text": "The Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass subsector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, Pakistan had to withdraw under international pressure and due to pressure from continued fighting at battle front and left India in control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Simla Agreement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Free France",
"paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "France–United Kingdom relations",
"paragraph_text": "The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Chinese Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "On 12 December 1936, the disgruntled Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng conspired to kidnap Chiang and force him into a truce with the CPC. The incident became known as the Xi'an Incident. Both parties suspended fighting to form a Second United Front to focus their energies and fighting against the Japanese. In 1937 Japan launched its full - scale invasion of China and its well - equipped troops overran KMT defenders in northern and coastal China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Supermarine Spitfire operational history",
"paragraph_text": "Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Stalingrad (book)",
"paragraph_text": "Stalingrad is a narrative history written by Antony Beevor of the battle fought in and around the city of Stalingrad during World War II, as well as the events leading up to it. It was first published by Viking Press in 1998.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Operation Uranus",
"paragraph_text": "At 07:20 Moscow time on 19 November, Soviet forces on the northern flank of the Axis forces at Stalingrad began their offensive; forces in the south began on 20 November. Although Romanian units were able to repel the first attacks, by the end of 20 November the Third and Fourth Romanian armies were in headlong retreat, as the Red Army bypassed several German infantry divisions. German mobile reserves were not strong enough to parry the Soviet mechanized spearheads, while the Sixth Army did not react quickly enough nor decisively enough to disengage German armored forces in Stalingrad and reorient them to defeat the impending threat. By late 22 November Soviet forces linked up at the town of Kalach, encircling some 290,000 men east of the Don River. Instead of attempting to break out of the encirclement, German leader Adolf Hitler decided to keep Axis forces in Stalingrad and resupply them by air. In the meantime, Soviet and German commanders began to plan their next movements.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kyoto Protocol",
"paragraph_text": "The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human - made CO emissions have predominantly caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who led the army that was part of the Stalingrad Front and made it an effective fighting force?
|
[
{
"id": 386810,
"question": "Stalingrad Front >> part of",
"answer": "Red Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 57062,
"question": "who led #1 and made it an effective fighting force",
"answer": "Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] |
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky
|
[
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"
] | true |
2hop__411878_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "La Paz",
"paragraph_text": "In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Ankerstjerne",
"paragraph_text": "Lars Ankerstjerne Christensen, better known as Ankerstjerne (born on 15 August 1984), is a Danish rapper and songwriter. From 2007 to 2010, the rapper was known as Jinks, but returned to using his birth name Lars Ankerstjerne with the release of his self-titled album \"Ankerstjerne\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] |
The shift away from what genre of Ankerstjerne's style is Kanye credited for?
|
[
{
"id": 411878,
"question": "Ankerstjerne >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__678520_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Pohjosen poika",
"paragraph_text": "Pohjosen poika is the second studio album by Finnish rapper Mikael Gabriel. It was released on 26 January 2011. The album peaked at number nine on the Official Finnish Album Chart.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "La Paz",
"paragraph_text": "In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Kanye's shift away from the genre Pohjosen Poika is associated with is credited for creating what?
|
[
{
"id": 678520,
"question": "Pohjosen poika >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__256716_57062
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Fiat L6/40",
"paragraph_text": "The Fiat L6/40 was a light tank used by the Italian army from 1940 through World War II. It was designed by Fiat-Ansaldo as an export product, and was adopted by the Italian Army when officials learned of the design and expressed interest. It was the main tank employed by the Italian forces fighting on the Eastern Front alongside the L6/40-based Semovente 47/32 self-propelled gun. L6/40s were also used in the North African campaign.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Caucasian Review of International Affairs",
"paragraph_text": "Caucasian Review of International Affairs is a quarterly peer-reviewed online academic journal covering the countries of the Caucasus and the issues of contemporary international relations. It was established in 2006 as the \"Caucasian Journal of European Affairs\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Battle of Königsberg",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg Offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian Offensive during World War II. In four days of violent urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg – now Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city. There was heavy fighting for the overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line. The battle finished when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "France–United Kingdom relations",
"paragraph_text": "The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Battle of Bezzecca",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bezzecca was fought on 21 July 1866 between Italy and Austria, during the Third Italian Independence War. The Italian force, the Hunters of the Alps, were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, and had invaded Trentino as part of the general Italian offensive against the Austrian force occupying north-eastern Italy after the decisive Prussian victory of Battle of Königgrätz, which had led Austria to move part of their troops towards Vienna (see Invasion of Trentino).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45,000 British, 2,000 Australian and 200 Polish combat forces, entered Iraq primarily through their staging area in Kuwait. (Turkey had refused to permit its territory to be used for an invasion from the north.) Coalition forces also supported Iraqi Kurdish militia, estimated to number upwards of 50,000. After approximately three weeks of fighting, Hussein and the Ba'ath Party were forcibly removed, followed by 9 years of military presence by the United States and the coalition fighting alongside the newly elected Iraqi government against various insurgent groups.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "British Expeditionary Force (World War II)",
"paragraph_text": "The BEF (General Lord Gort) began moving to France in September 1939. The British assembled along the Belgian -- French border on the left of the French First Army as part of the French 1er groupe d'armées (1st Army Group) of the Front du Nord - est (North - Eastern Front). Most of the BEF spent the Phoney War digging field defences on the French -- Belgian border, before the Battle of France (Fall Gelb) began on 10 May 1940. The BEF constituted 10 percent of the Allied forces on the Western Front. The BEF participated in the Dyle Plan, a rapid advance into Belgium to the line of the river Dyle but had to retreat through Belgium and north - western France with the rest of the 1er groupe d'armées, after the German breakthrough further south at the Battle of Sedan. The BEF, French and Belgian forces cut off north of the Somme river were evacuated from the French North Sea coast through port and beaches of Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Halil Kut",
"paragraph_text": "In 1917, Halil Pasha was ordered by the Minister of Defense Enver Pasha to move some of his troops to the Persian Campaign It was an unsuccessful attempt to destabilize the British supported government there. This limited his ability to defend Baghdad and led to the Fall of Baghdad. After which fresh British forces were massed at the Iraq front after this surrender.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Red Army",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Muslim Atayev",
"paragraph_text": "Muslim Atayev (June 24, 1973 – January 27, 2005), also known as Emir Sayfullah, was the founder of the militant organization Yarmuk Jamaat, which later became part of the Caucasus Front's Kabardino-Balkarian Sector in the Russian-held Caucasian Muslim state Kabardino-Balkaria of the Second Chechen War. Atayev was an ethnic Balkar and started his military career as a volunteer fighting in Chechnya.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Supermarine Spitfire operational history",
"paragraph_text": "Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Australian Army during World War II",
"paragraph_text": "The Australian Army was the largest service in the Australian military during World War II. Prior to the outbreak of war the Australian Army was split into the small full - time Permanent Military Forces (PMF) and the larger part - time Militia. Following the outbreak of war, on 14 September 1939 Prime Minister Robert Menzies announced that 40,000 members of the Militia would be called up for training and a 20,000 - strong expeditionary force, designated the Second Australian Imperial Force (Second AIF), would be formed for overseas service. Meanwhile, conscription was introduced in October 1939 to keep the Militia at strength as its members volunteered for the AIF. The Australian Army subsequently made an important contribution to the Allied campaigns in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and North Africa fighting the Germans, Italians and Vichy French during 1940 and 1941, and later in the jungles of the South West Pacific Area fighting the Japanese between late 1941 and 1945. Following the Japanese surrender Australian Army units were deployed as occupation forces across the South West Pacific. Meanwhile, the Army contributed troops to the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) in Japan from 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Russo-Japanese War",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Mukden commenced on 20 February 1905. In the following days Japanese forces proceeded to assault the right and left flanks of Russian forces surrounding Mukden, along a 50-mile (80 km) front. Approximately half a million men were involved in the fighting. Both sides were well entrenched and were backed by hundreds of artillery pieces. After days of harsh fighting, added pressure from the flanks forced both ends of the Russian defensive line to curve backwards. Seeing they were about to be encircled, the Russians began a general retreat, fighting a series of fierce rearguard actions, which soon deteriorated in the confusion and collapse of Russian forces. On 10 March 1905, after three weeks of fighting, General Kuropatkin decided to withdraw to the north of Mukden. The Russians lost 90,000 men in the battle.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "North Caucasian Front",
"paragraph_text": "The North Caucasian Front or North Caucasus Front was a major formation of the Red Army during the Second World War.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Kyoto Protocol",
"paragraph_text": "The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human - made CO emissions have predominantly caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Rappani Khalilov",
"paragraph_text": "Rappani Khalilov () (October 27, 1969 – September 17, 2007), also known as Rabbani, was the militant leader of the Shariat Jamaat of the Caucasian Front during the Second Chechen War, in the volatile southern Russian republic of Dagestan. He was killed on September 17, 2007 in a fierce shoot-out with the Russian special forces.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Kargil War",
"paragraph_text": "The Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass subsector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, Pakistan had to withdraw under international pressure and due to pressure from continued fighting at battle front and left India in control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Simla Agreement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Chinese Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "On 12 December 1936, the disgruntled Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng conspired to kidnap Chiang and force him into a truce with the CPC. The incident became known as the Xi'an Incident. Both parties suspended fighting to form a Second United Front to focus their energies and fighting against the Japanese. In 1937 Japan launched its full - scale invasion of China and its well - equipped troops overran KMT defenders in northern and coastal China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "59th (2nd North Midland) Division",
"paragraph_text": "The 59th (2nd North Midland) Division was an infantry division of the British Army during World War I. It was formed in late 1914/early 1915 as a 2nd Line Territorial Force formation raised as a duplicate of the 46th (North Midland) Division. After training in the United Kingdom and saw service in the Easter Rising in April 1916, the division joined the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front in early 1917. It saw action at Ypres and Cambrai, and was almost destroyed during the German Army's Spring Offensive in March 1918. The reconstituted division took part in the final advances of the war.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who led the military group the North Caucasian Front was part of and made it an effective fighting force?
|
[
{
"id": 256716,
"question": "North Caucasian Front >> part of",
"answer": "Red Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 57062,
"question": "who led #1 and made it an effective fighting force",
"answer": "Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] |
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky
|
[
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"
] | true |
2hop__721834_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Arianna Puello",
"paragraph_text": "Arianna Puello or Ari (Arianna Isabel Puello Pereyra) (born 16 January 1977 in San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic) is a Spanish rapper of Dominican origin. Her single \"Juana Kalamidad\" reached number six on the Spanish Singles Chart.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "La Paz",
"paragraph_text": "In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Kanye credited for the shift away from what subgenre of the type of music Arianna Puello performs?
|
[
{
"id": 721834,
"question": "Arianna Puello >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__8918_57062
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "War on Terror",
"paragraph_text": "In January 2002, the United States Special Operations Command, Pacific deployed to the Philippines to advise and assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating Filipino Islamist groups. The operations were mainly focused on removing the Abu Sayyaf group and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) from their stronghold on the island of Basilan. The second portion of the operation was conducted as a humanitarian program called \"Operation Smiles\". The goal of the program was to provide medical care and services to the region of Basilan as part of a \"Hearts and Minds\" program. Joint Special Operations Task Force – Philippines disbanded in June 2014, ending a 14-year mission. After JSOTF-P disbanded, as late as November 2014, American forces continued to operate in the Philippines under the name \"PACOM Augmentation Team\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Military Assistance Advisory Group",
"paragraph_text": "In September 1950, US President Harry Truman sent the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) to Vietnam to assist the French in the First Indochina War. The President claimed they were not sent as combat troops, but to supervise the use of $10 million worth of US military equipment to support the French in their effort to fight the Viet Minh forces. By 1953, aid increased dramatically to $350 million to replace old military equipment owned by the French.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Namsos campaign",
"paragraph_text": "The Namsos campaign, in Namsos, Norway, and its surrounding area involved heavy fighting between Anglo-French and Norwegian naval and military forces on the one hand, and German military, naval and air forces on the other in April and early May 1940. It was one of the first significant occasions during the Second World War when British and French land forces fought the German Army.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": "On 12 September 1944, King Peter II called on all Yugoslavs to come together under Tito's leadership and stated that those who did not were \"traitors\", by which time Tito was recognized by all Allied authorities (including the government-in-exile) as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, in addition to commander-in-chief of the Yugoslav forces. On 28 September 1944, the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) reported that Tito signed an agreement with the Soviet Union allowing \"temporary entry\" of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory which allowed the Red Army to assist in operations in the northeastern areas of Yugoslavia. With their strategic right flank secured by the Allied advance, the Partisans prepared and executed a massive general offensive which succeeded in breaking through German lines and forcing a retreat beyond Yugoslav borders. After the Partisan victory and the end of hostilities in Europe, all external forces were ordered off Yugoslav territory.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Anti-aircraft warfare",
"paragraph_text": "Area air defence, the air defence of a specific area or location, (as opposed to point defence), have historically been operated by both armies (Anti-Aircraft Command in the British Army, for instance) and Air Forces (the United States Air Force's CIM-10 Bomarc). Area defence systems have medium to long range and can be made up of various other systems and networked into an area defence system (in which case it may be made up of several short range systems combined to effectively cover an area). An example of area defence is the defence of Saudi Arabia and Israel by MIM-104 Patriot missile batteries during the first Gulf War, where the objective was to cover populated areas.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Zastava Master FLG",
"paragraph_text": "The Zastava Master FLG is a 9mm submachine gun developed by Zastava Arms in the early 1990s in Yugoslavia. The FLG was designed with police and special forces in mind and was made from plastic and steel.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Canadian Armed Forces",
"paragraph_text": "The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Pacific War",
"paragraph_text": "Japan sponsored several puppet governments, one of which was headed by Wang Jingwei. However, its policies of brutality toward the Chinese population, of not yielding any real power to these regimes, and of supporting several rival governments failed to make any of them a viable alternative to the Nationalist government led by Chiang Kai-shek. Conflicts between Chinese communist and nationalist forces vying for territory control behind enemy lines culminated in a major armed clash in January 1941, effectively ending their co-operation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "United States Air Force",
"paragraph_text": "The Department of the Air Force is one of three military departments within the Department of Defense, and is managed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The senior officials in the Office of the Secretary are the Under Secretary of the Air Force, four Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force and the General Counsel, all of whom are appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The senior uniformed leadership in the Air Staff is made up of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force and the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Alpine Fortress",
"paragraph_text": "The Alpine Fortress () or Alpine Redoubt was the World War II national redoubt planned by Heinrich Himmler in November and December 1943 for Germany's government and armed forces to retreat to an area from \"southern Bavaria across western Austria to northern Italy\". The plan was never fully endorsed by Hitler and no serious attempt was made to put the plan into operation, although it would serve as an effective tool of propaganda and military deception by the Germans in the final stages of the war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45,000 British, 2,000 Australian and 200 Polish combat forces, entered Iraq primarily through their staging area in Kuwait. (Turkey had refused to permit its territory to be used for an invasion from the north.) Coalition forces also supported Iraqi Kurdish militia, estimated to number upwards of 50,000. After approximately three weeks of fighting, Hussein and the Ba'ath Party were forcibly removed, followed by 9 years of military presence by the United States and the coalition fighting alongside the newly elected Iraqi government against various insurgent groups.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Modern history",
"paragraph_text": "The principal fighting occurred between the Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army. Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces, yet many volunteer foreigners fought in both sides of the Russian Civil War. Other nationalist and regional political groups also participated in the war, including the Ukrainian nationalist Green Army, the Ukrainian anarchist Black Army and Black Guards, and warlords such as Ungern von Sternberg. The most intense fighting took place from 1918 to 1920. Major military operations ended on 25 October 1922 when the Red Army occupied Vladivostok, previously held by the Provisional Priamur Government. The last enclave of the White Forces was the Ayano-Maysky District on the Pacific coast. The majority of the fighting ended in 1920 with the defeat of General Pyotr Wrangel in the Crimea, but a notable resistance in certain areas continued until 1923 (e.g., Kronstadt Uprising, Tambov Rebellion, Basmachi Revolt, and the final resistance of the White movement in the Far East).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Free France",
"paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Qin Liangyu",
"paragraph_text": "In 1623, Qin Liangyu assisted Ming forces in suppressing the She-An Rebellion in Sichuan and Guizhou led by She Chongming (奢崇明) and An Bangyan (安邦彥). In the following year, her elder brother, Qin Minping (秦民屏), was killed in battle by An Bangyan's forces.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Franco-Prussian War",
"paragraph_text": "The Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure also greatly strengthened Moltke's ability to control large formations spread out over significant distances. The Chief of the General Staff, effectively the commander in chief of the Prussian army, was independent of the minister of war and answered only to the monarch. The French General Staff—along with those of every other European military—was little better than a collection of assistants for the line commanders. This disorganization hampered the French commanders' ability to exercise control of their forces.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Siege of Sloviansk",
"paragraph_text": "The Siege of Sloviansk was an operation by the Armed Forces of Ukraine to recapture the city of Sloviansk in Donetsk Oblast from pro-Russian insurgents who had seized it on 12 April 2014. The city was taken back on 5 July 2014 after shelling from artillery and heavy fighting. The fighting in Sloviansk marked the first major military engagement between pro-Russian separatists and Ukrainian government forces, in the first runoff of battles of 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Georg Stumme",
"paragraph_text": "Georg Stumme (29 July 1886 – 24 October 1942) was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who briefly commanded of the Axis forces at the beginning of the Second Battle of El Alamein. He took part in the Battle of France, the invasion of Yugoslavia and the invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Red Army",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "In January 2002, the U.S. sent more than 1,200 troops (later raised to 2,000) to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating terrorist groups linked to al-Qaida, such as Abu Sayyaf, under Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines. Operations have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago, where terrorists and other groups are active. The majority of troops provide logistics. However, there are special forces troops that are training and assisting in combat operations against the terrorist groups.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "North African campaign",
"paragraph_text": "Fighting in North Africa started with the Italian declaration of war on 10 June 1940. On 14 June, the British Army's 11th Hussars (assisted by elements of the 1st Royal Tank Regiment, 1st RTR) crossed the border from Egypt into Libya and captured the Italian Fort Capuzzo. This was followed by an Italian counter-offensive into Egypt and the capture of Sidi Barrani in September 1940 and again in December 1940 following a British Commonwealth counteroffensive, Operation Compass. During Operation Compass, the Italian 10th Army was destroyed and the German Afrika Korps -- commanded by Erwin Rommel, who later became known as ``The Desert Fox ''-- was dispatched to North Africa in February 1941 during Operation Sonnenblume to reinforce Italian forces in order to prevent a complete Axis defeat.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who led the military organization that assisted in operations in northeastern Yugoslavia, and made it an effective fighting force?
|
[
{
"id": 8918,
"question": "Who assisted in operations in ortheastern areas of Yugoslavia?",
"answer": "Red Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 57062,
"question": "who led #1 and made it an effective fighting force",
"answer": "Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] |
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky
|
[
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"
] | true |
2hop__647869_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Timantit on ikuisia",
"paragraph_text": "\"Timantit on ikuisia\" is a song by Finnish rapper Cheek. The song serves as the second single from Cheek's tenth studio album \"Kuka muu muka\", released on 20 September 2013. The single and the accompanying music video, directed by Jere Hietala, were released on 9 August 2013. \"Timantit on ikuisia\" became the Cheek's eighth number-one single on the Finnish Singles Chart, where it debuted at number one. On 23 August 2013, it also became the first-ever song by a Finnish artist to rank among the 100 most-played songs of the day on Spotify.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Kanye is credited for the shift away from what genre of the musical style that the song Timantit on ikuisia belongs to?
|
[
{
"id": 647869,
"question": "Timantit on ikuisia >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__741565_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "La Paz",
"paragraph_text": "In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "DVS Mindz",
"paragraph_text": "DVS Mindz was an underground rap music group from Topeka, Kansas that was active primarily from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. The group's name stands for Dope Versatile Styles Manifested IN a Direction to Zucceed. The group's classic lineup consisted of four MCs: Str8jakkett, Killa The Hun, D.O.P.E., DL; and a DJ, Kutaculous. The group's sound was sparse, with raw beats and furious, nonstop rhyming from all members. While the group had very catchy material, many of its songs featured no chorus, just a sparse beat and verse after verse from the MCs. The group's lyrics were packed with inside jokes, mythology, pop-culture references, puns, numerology, religion, violence, and obscure references to the group's history. Each member also had alter egos and pseudonyms, and they sometimes rapped in those voices (For example, Str8Jakkett had another alter ego known as \"Rex\"). During its decade-long career, DVS Mindz released one critically acclaimed CD, and opened for a number of notable rap acts, including Run DMC, Wu Tang Clan, Sugarhill Gang, Redman, De La Soul, Digital Underground, Das EFX, Black Sheep, and Goodie Mob.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What genre is Kayne credited for creating with his shift away from the genre DVS Mindz is known for?
|
[
{
"id": 741565,
"question": "DVS Mindz >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__139721_256194
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "WFHW-LP",
"paragraph_text": "WFHW-LP was a low-powered community-oriented television station licensed to Buffalo, New York, founded by consumer rights advocate Ralph Nader in late 1988 as W58AV on UHF 58. The station broadcast from the top of the Marine Midland Bank Tower (now One HSBC Center) in downtown Buffalo, with an initial power of 100 watts (later upgraded to 1000, and finally, 15,100 watts). From the beginning, the station aired a large amount of locally produced fare, with programming from Channel America, as well as a partnership with The Learning Channel. By 1991, the station had partnered up with Medaille College, though this would only last until January 1, 1993.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "I'm a Train",
"paragraph_text": "\"I'm a Train\" is a song written by Albert Hammond and Mike Hazlewood and performed by Hammond. It was first recorded in French, in 1967, by Les Troubadours as \"La chaîne\". The first English version was recorded in 1968 by a UK group called Colors of Love, which included singer Elaine Paige. Hammond's own version, released in 1974, was the first one to chart. The song reached #15 on the Adult Contemporary chart and #31 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1974. The song appeared on Hammond's 1974 album, \"Albert Hammond\". The song was produced by him and Roy Halee and also was featured, along with filmed footage of trains traveling, on \"Captain Kangaroo\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Railtrack",
"paragraph_text": "Railtrack was a group of companies that owned the track, signalling, tunnels, bridges, level crossings and all but a handful of the stations of the British railway system from 1994 until 2002. It was created as part of the privatisation of British Rail, listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In 2002, after experiencing major financial difficulty, most of Railtrack's operations were transferred to the state - controlled non-profit company Network Rail. The remainder of Railtrack was renamed RT Group plc and eventually dissolved on 22 June 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "WCOC",
"paragraph_text": "WCOC (1010 AM) was a radio station licensed to the community of Dora, Alabama, United States, and serving the greater Birmingham, Alabama, area. The station is owned by Azteca Communications of Alabama, Inc. It normally airs a Regional Mexican music format but is silent in light of \"financial difficulties\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "The major U.S. broadcast television networks have affiliates in the Oklahoma City market (ranked 41st for television by Nielsen and 48th for radio by Arbitron, covering a 34-county area serving the central, northern-central and west-central sections Oklahoma); including NBC affiliate KFOR-TV (channel 4), ABC affiliate KOCO-TV (channel 5), CBS affiliate KWTV-DT (channel 9, the flagship of locally based Griffin Communications), PBS station KETA-TV (channel 13, the flagship of the state-run OETA member network), Fox affiliate KOKH-TV (channel 25), CW affiliate KOCB (channel 34), independent station KAUT-TV (channel 43), MyNetworkTV affiliate KSBI-TV (channel 52), and Ion Television owned-and-operated station KOPX-TV (channel 62). The market is also home to several religious stations including TBN owned-and-operated station KTBO-TV (channel 14) and Norman-based Daystar owned-and-operated station KOCM (channel 46).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Stranger Things",
"paragraph_text": "Set in the fictional town of Hawkins, Indiana, in the 1980s, the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy amid supernatural events occurring around the town including the appearance of a girl with psychokinetic abilities who helps the missing boy's friends in their own search. The second season, titled Stranger Things 2, is set a year after the first, and deals with attempts of the characters to return to normal and consequences that linger from the first season.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Channel 4",
"paragraph_text": "Channel 4 is a British public - service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self - funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), the station is now owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation, a public corporation of the Department for Culture, Media & Sport, which was established in 1990 and came into operation in 1993. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, Channel 4 became a UK - wide TV channel for the first time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "WEZE",
"paragraph_text": "WEZE is an AM radio station in Boston, Massachusetts on 590 kHz. Established in 1924 as WEEI, the station is owned by Salem Media Group and airs religious programming.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "KFAB",
"paragraph_text": "KFAB (1110 AM) is a 50,000 watt clear channel news and talk radio station licensed to Omaha, Nebraska. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc..",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "KKFS",
"paragraph_text": "KKFS (103.9 FM, \"The Fish\") is a radio station in Sacramento, California, United States. It currently plays Contemporary Christian music. The station is owned by the Salem Media Group, who also owns KFIA, KTKZ and KSAC-FM.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Brutally Normal",
"paragraph_text": "Brutally Normal is an American television sitcom that starred Mike Damus which aired on The WB. The series premiered on January 24, 2000 with two back-to-back episodes later airing along with \"Zoe...\" A total of eight episodes were produced with only five of those episodes airing with the show being canceled on February 14, 2000.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "CIKT-FM",
"paragraph_text": "CIKT-FM is a Canadian radio station that broadcasts an Adult hits format at 98.9 FM in Grande Prairie, Alberta. The station is branded as Q99 and is owned by The Jim Pattison Broadcast Group.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The WB 100+ Station Group",
"paragraph_text": "The WB 100+ Station Group (originally called The WeB from its developmental stages until March 1999) is a defunct programming service operated by The WB Television Network – owned by the Warner Bros. Entertainment division of Time Warner, the Tribune Company and the group's founder, Jamie Kellner – comprising an affiliate group primarily made of non-broadcast local cable television outlets. Operating from September 21, 1998 to September 18, 2006, the service was intended for areas ranked below the top 100 Nielsen Media Research-designated television markets in the United States.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "WNYW",
"paragraph_text": "WNYW, channel 5 (UHF digital channel 44), is the flagship station of the Fox Television Network, licensed to New York City and serving the New York City metropolitan area. WNYW is owned by the Fox Television Stations subsidiary of 21st Century Fox, and operates as part of a duopoly with WWOR - TV (channel 9). The two stations maintain studio facilities at the Fox Television Center in the Yorkville neighborhood of Manhattan, and its transmitter is atop the Empire State Building.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "KWCE-LP",
"paragraph_text": "KWCE-LP, channel 27, is a low-power analog television station in Alexandria, Louisiana. It is owned by Northwest Broadcasting along with ABC affiliate KLAX-TV, and is an affiliate of MeTV.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "WWGC",
"paragraph_text": "WWGC AM 1090 is a radio station licensed to serve Albertville, Alabama. The station is owned by The Jeff Beck Broadcasting Group, LLC. It airs a Latino Music programming format.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "WDAL",
"paragraph_text": "WDAL (1430 AM) is a country music radio station licensed to Dalton, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by North Georgia Radio Group, L.P.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Soyuz 23",
"paragraph_text": "Soyuz 23 was launched 14 October 1976 with an estimated 73- to 85-day mission planned aboard the orbiting Salyut 5 space station. Others suggest a 17- to 24-day mission was a more likely intention. It was the first visit to the station after the sudden termination of the Soyuz 21 mission in August. However, on 15 October, during the automatic approach phase, the automatic docking system malfunctioned before the craft was within 100 metres of the station. Crews were normally trained for a manual dock, but not for a manual approach. The mission, accordingly, had to be abandoned.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Abu Dhabi TV (Canada)",
"paragraph_text": "Abu Dhabi TV is a Canadian exempt Category B Arabic language specialty channel and is wholly owned by Ethnic Channels Group. The channel name is used under license from Abu Dhabi Media, the owners of the Emirati-based channel, Abu Dhabi TV.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "WDTT-LD",
"paragraph_text": "WDTT-LD is a low-powered television station that is licensed to and based in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. Owned by Word of God Fellowship, Inc., the station is a Daystar Television Network affiliate, and it broadcasts a digital signal on UHF channel 24. The signal originates at a transmitter located near Sharp Ridge.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who owns the 100+ Station Group, that shares its name with the channel on which Brutally Normal first appeared?
|
[
{
"id": 139721,
"question": "On what channel did Brutally Normal first appear?",
"answer": "The WB",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 256194,
"question": "The #1 100+ Station Group >> owned by",
"answer": "Warner Bros.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] |
Warner Bros.
|
[
"WB"
] | true |
2hop__20216_20122
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Queen's popularity was stimulated in North America when \"Bohemian Rhapsody\" was featured in the 1992 comedy film Wayne's World. Its inclusion helped the song reach number two on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks in 1992 (it remained in the Hot 100 for over 40 weeks), and won the band an MTV Award at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards. The compilation album Classic Queen also reached number four on the Billboard 200, and is certified three times platinum in the US. Wayne's World footage was used to make a new music video for \"Bohemian Rhapsody\", with which the band and management were delighted.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Queen are a British rock band formed in London in 1970. Their classic line-up was Freddie Mercury (lead vocals and piano), Brian May (lead guitar and vocals), Roger Taylor (drums and vocals) and John Deacon (bass guitar). Their earliest works were influenced by progressive rock, hard rock and heavy metal, but the band gradually ventured into more conventional and radio-friendly works by incorporating further styles, such as arena rock and pop rock.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Carnival",
"paragraph_text": "Carnival means weeks of events that bring colourfully decorated floats, contagiously throbbing music, luxuriously costumed groups of celebrants of all ages, King and Queen elections, electrifying jump-ups and torchlight parades, the Jouvert morning: the Children's Parades and finally the Grand Parade. Aruba's biggest celebration is a month-long affair consisting of festive \"jump-ups\" (street parades), spectacular parades and creative contests. Music and flamboyant costumes play a central role, from the Queen elections to the Grand Parade. Street parades continue in various districts throughout the month, with brass band, steel drum and roadmarch tunes. On the evening before Lent, Carnival ends with the symbolic burning of King Momo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert",
"paragraph_text": "The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert is a 1994 Australian comedy - drama film written and directed by Stephan Elliott. The plot follows two drag queens played by Hugo Weaving and Guy Pearce and a transgender woman, played by Terence Stamp, as they journey across the Australian Outback from Sydney to Alice Springs in a tour bus that they have named ``Priscilla '', along the way encountering various groups and individuals. The film's title references the slang term`` queen'' for a drag queen or female impersonator.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Gloriana",
"paragraph_text": "The first performance was presented at the Royal Opera House, London, in 1953 during the celebrations of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. \"Gloriana\" was the name given by the 16th-century poet Edmund Spenser to his character representing Queen Elizabeth I in his poem \"The Faerie Queene\". It became the popular name given to Elizabeth I. It is recorded that the troops at Tilbury hailed her with cries of \"Gloriana, Gloriana, Gloriana\", after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Float Away Deconstructed",
"paragraph_text": "Float Away Deconstructed is an album released by the band Marah in 2005. It consists of demos from the band's 2002 release, \"Float Away With the Friday Night Gods\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Queens of Langkasuka",
"paragraph_text": "\"Queens of Langkasuka\", which went into production in 2005, was at first called \"Queens of Pattani\", but the name was changed to avoid political connections to the South Thailand insurgency and Pattani separatism, and to tie the story in with the legend of Langkasuka.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "...Like Cologne",
"paragraph_text": "...Like Cologne is a live EP release by American rock band, Queens of the Stone Age. It was released on November 22, 2013, exclusively on Spotify.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "After fans noticed Mercury's increasingly gaunt appearance in 1988, rumours began to spread that Mercury was suffering from AIDS. Mercury flatly denied this, insisting he was merely \"exhausted\" and too busy to provide interviews. The band decided to continue making albums, starting with The Miracle in 1989 and continuing with Innuendo in 1991. Despite his deteriorating health, the lead singer continued to contribute. For the last two albums made while Mercury was still alive, the band credited all songs to Queen, rather than specific members of the group, freeing them of internal conflict and differences. In 1990, Queen ended their contract with Capitol and signed with Disney's Hollywood Records, which has since remained the group's music catalogue owner in the United States and Canada. That same year, Mercury made his final public appearance when he joined the rest of Queen to collect the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1982, the band released the album Hot Space, a departure from their trademark seventies sound, this time being a mixture of rock, pop rock, dance, funk, and R&B. Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band's history, and Taylor and May lamented the new sound, with both being very critical of the influence Mercury's personal manager Paul Prenter had on the singer. May was also scathing of Prenter, who was Mercury's manager from the early 1980s to 1984, for being dismissive of the importance of radio stations, such as the US networks, and their vital connection between the artist and the community, and for denying them access to Mercury. The band stopped touring North America after their Hot Space Tour, as their success there had waned, although they would perform on American television for the only time during the eighth season premiere of Saturday Night Live. Queen left Elektra Records, their label in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, and signed onto EMI/Capitol Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Queen are one of the most bootlegged bands ever, according to Nick Weymouth, who manages the band's official website. A 2001 survey discovered the existence of 12,225 websites dedicated to Queen bootlegs, the highest number for any band. Bootleg recordings have contributed to the band's popularity in certain countries where Western music is censored, such as Iran. In a project called Queen: The Top 100 Bootlegs, many of these have been made officially available to download for a nominal fee from Queen's website, with profits going to the Mercury Phoenix Trust. Rolling Stone ranked Queen at number 52 on its list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\", while ranking Mercury the 18th greatest singer, and May the twenty-sixth greatest guitarist. Queen were named 13th on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock list, and in 2010 were ranked 17th on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list. In 2012, Gigwise readers named Queen the best band of past 60 years.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Canada Act 1982",
"paragraph_text": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1963, the teenage Brian May and his father custom-built his signature guitar Red Special, which was purposely designed to feedback. Sonic experimentation figured heavily in Queen's songs. A distinctive characteristic of Queen's music are the vocal harmonies which are usually composed of the voices of May, Mercury, and Taylor best heard on the studio albums A Night at the Opera and A Day at the Races. Some of the ground work for the development of this sound can be attributed to their former producer Roy Thomas Baker, and their engineer Mike Stone. Besides vocal harmonies, Queen were also known for multi-tracking voices to imitate the sound of a large choir through overdubs. For instance, according to Brian May, there are over 180 vocal overdubs in \"Bohemian Rhapsody\". The band's vocal structures have been compared with the Beach Boys, but May stated they were not \"much of an influence\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''is a song by the British rock band Queen, first released on their 1977 album News of the World. Written by lead singer Freddie Mercury, it is one of Queen's most popular songs, and one of rock's most recognisable anthems.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "RMS Queen Mary 2",
"paragraph_text": "RMS Queen Mary 2 (also referred to as the QM2) is a transatlantic ocean liner. She is the largest ocean liner ever built, having served as the flagship of the Cunard Line since succeeding the Queen Elizabeth 2 in 2004. As of 2019, Queen Mary 2 is the only passenger ship operating as an ocean liner.The new ship was named Queen Mary 2 by Queen Elizabeth II in 2004 after the first RMS Queen Mary of 1936. Queen Mary was in turn named after Mary of Teck, consort of King George V. With the retirement of Queen Elizabeth 2 in 2008, Queen Mary 2 is the only transatlantic ocean liner in line service between Southampton, England, and New York City, United States, operating for a part of each year. The ship is also used for cruising, including an annual world cruise.She was designed by a team of British naval architects led by Stephen Payne, and was constructed in France by Chantiers de l'Atlantique. At the time of her construction, Queen Mary 2 held the distinctions of being the longest, at 1,131.99 ft (345.03 m), and largest, with a gross tonnage of 148,528 GT, passenger ship ever built. She no longer held this distinction after the construction of Royal Caribbean International's 154,407 GT Freedom of the Seas (a cruise ship) in April 2006, but remains the largest ocean liner ever built.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Queen drew artistic influence from British rock acts of the 1960s and early 1970s, such as the Beatles, the Kinks, Cream, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, the Who, Black Sabbath, Slade, Deep Purple, David Bowie, Genesis and Yes, in addition to American guitarist Jimi Hendrix, with Mercury also inspired by the gospel singer Aretha Franklin. May referred to the Beatles as being \"our bible in the way they used the studio and they painted pictures and this wonderful instinctive use of harmonies.\" At their outset in the early 1970s, Queen's music has been characterised as \"Led Zeppelin meets Yes\" due to its combination of \"acoustic/electric guitar extremes and fantasy-inspired multi-part song epics\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirmed that the band's new deal was with Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. For the first time since the late 1980s, Queen's catalogue will have the same distributor worldwide, as their current North American label—Hollywood Records—is currently distributed by Universal (for a time in the late 1980s, Queen was on EMI-owned Capitol Records in the US).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Queen Elizabeth Way",
"paragraph_text": "The Queen Elizabeth Way was named for the wife of King George VI who would later become known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. It is sometimes referred to as the Queen E.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What manager of a band named after a floating vehicle tried to sign Queen?
|
[
{
"id": 20216,
"question": "What band named after a floating vehicle influenced Queen?",
"answer": "Led Zeppelin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 20122,
"question": "What manager of #1 tried to sign Queen?",
"answer": "Peter Grant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] |
Peter Grant
|
[] | true |
2hop__139673_256194
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "WFHW-LP",
"paragraph_text": "WFHW-LP was a low-powered community-oriented television station licensed to Buffalo, New York, founded by consumer rights advocate Ralph Nader in late 1988 as W58AV on UHF 58. The station broadcast from the top of the Marine Midland Bank Tower (now One HSBC Center) in downtown Buffalo, with an initial power of 100 watts (later upgraded to 1000, and finally, 15,100 watts). From the beginning, the station aired a large amount of locally produced fare, with programming from Channel America, as well as a partnership with The Learning Channel. By 1991, the station had partnered up with Medaille College, though this would only last until January 1, 1993.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 8)",
"paragraph_text": "The eighth season of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, developed by Lauren Faust, is currently airing on the Discovery Family channel in the United States. The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors to be the fourth generation, or ``G4 '', of the My Little Pony franchise. Season 8 of the series premiered on March 24, 2018, on Discovery Family, an American pay television channel partly owned by Hasbro.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "The major U.S. broadcast television networks have affiliates in the Oklahoma City market (ranked 41st for television by Nielsen and 48th for radio by Arbitron, covering a 34-county area serving the central, northern-central and west-central sections Oklahoma); including NBC affiliate KFOR-TV (channel 4), ABC affiliate KOCO-TV (channel 5), CBS affiliate KWTV-DT (channel 9, the flagship of locally based Griffin Communications), PBS station KETA-TV (channel 13, the flagship of the state-run OETA member network), Fox affiliate KOKH-TV (channel 25), CW affiliate KOCB (channel 34), independent station KAUT-TV (channel 43), MyNetworkTV affiliate KSBI-TV (channel 52), and Ion Television owned-and-operated station KOPX-TV (channel 62). The market is also home to several religious stations including TBN owned-and-operated station KTBO-TV (channel 14) and Norman-based Daystar owned-and-operated station KOCM (channel 46).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman",
"paragraph_text": "The television series ran on CBS for six seasons, from January 1, 1993, to May 16, 1998. In total, 149 episodes were produced, plus two television movies which were made after the series was canceled. It aired in over 100 countries, including Denmark (where it was aired on TV2), the United Kingdom, Poland, France, Canada (where it was aired on CTV throughout its run) and Bulgaria on BNT and later on NOVA television. Since 1997, reruns have been shown in syndication and on Freeform (TV channel), (formerly ABC Family and originally CBN Satellite Service), Ion Television (formerly PAX - TV), the Hallmark Channel, Eleven Australian (TV channel), CBS Drama, Up, and INSP (TV Network).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City was home to several pioneers in radio and television broadcasting. Oklahoma City's WKY Radio was the first radio station transmitting west of the Mississippi River and the third radio station in the United States. WKY received its federal license in 1921 and has continually broadcast under the same call letters since 1922. In 1928, WKY was purchased by E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Company and affiliated with the NBC Red Network; in 1949, WKY-TV (channel 4) went on the air and later became the first independently owned television station in the U.S. to broadcast in color. In mid-2002, WKY radio was purchased outright by Citadel Broadcasting, who was bought out by Cumulus Broadcasting in 2011. The Gaylord family earlier sold WKY-TV in 1976, which has gone through a succession of owners (what is now KFOR-TV is currently owned by Tribune Broadcasting as of December 2013).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Channel 4",
"paragraph_text": "Channel 4 is a British public - service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self - funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), the station is now owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation, a public corporation of the Department for Culture, Media & Sport, which was established in 1990 and came into operation in 1993. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, Channel 4 became a UK - wide TV channel for the first time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "KFAB",
"paragraph_text": "KFAB (1110 AM) is a 50,000 watt clear channel news and talk radio station licensed to Omaha, Nebraska. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc..",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Like Family",
"paragraph_text": "Like Family is an American sitcom that aired on The WB in 2003. The series stars Holly Robinson Peete and Kevin Michael Richardson and lasted one season. \"Like Family\" was created and produced by Dan Fogelman, and executive produced by Warren Littlefield, Kenny Schwartz, and Rick Weiner.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "WWQM-FM",
"paragraph_text": "WWQM-FM (106.3 MHz) is a radio station licensed to Middleton, Wisconsin and serving the Madison area. Owned and operated by Mid-West Family Broadcasting, the station has aired a country music format since 1981.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "WFRX",
"paragraph_text": "WFRX (1300 AM) is a radio station licensed to West Frankfort, Illinois, United States. The station airs a Sports radio format, and is owned by Withers Broadcasting, through Withers Broadcasting of Southern Illinois, LLC. It is the first radio station in the United States to play a Beatles record on air.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "My Family Tree",
"paragraph_text": "My Family Tree is a Disney Channel short that first aired in November 2010, which is still airing on Disney Channel.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "WWGC",
"paragraph_text": "WWGC AM 1090 is a radio station licensed to serve Albertville, Alabama. The station is owned by The Jeff Beck Broadcasting Group, LLC. It airs a Latino Music programming format.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic (season 7)",
"paragraph_text": "The seventh season of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, developed by Lauren Faust, originally aired on the Discovery Family channel in the United States. The series is based on Hasbro's My Little Pony line of toys and animated works and is often referred by collectors to be the fourth generation, or ``G4 '', of the My Little Pony franchise. Season 7 of the series premiered on April 15, 2017 on Discovery Family, an American pay television channel partly owned by Hasbro.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "WEZE",
"paragraph_text": "WEZE is an AM radio station in Boston, Massachusetts on 590 kHz. Established in 1924 as WEEI, the station is owned by Salem Media Group and airs religious programming.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "KOFI",
"paragraph_text": "KOFI (1180 AM) is a radio station licensed to serve Kalispell, Montana. The station is owned by KOFI, Inc. It airs an Oldies music and News/Talk radio format. The station first signed on in 1955. It was assigned these call letters by the Federal Communications Commission.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The WB 100+ Station Group",
"paragraph_text": "The WB 100+ Station Group (originally called The WeB from its developmental stages until March 1999) is a defunct programming service operated by The WB Television Network – owned by the Warner Bros. Entertainment division of Time Warner, the Tribune Company and the group's founder, Jamie Kellner – comprising an affiliate group primarily made of non-broadcast local cable television outlets. Operating from September 21, 1998 to September 18, 2006, the service was intended for areas ranked below the top 100 Nielsen Media Research-designated television markets in the United States.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Katie and Orbie",
"paragraph_text": "Katie and Orbie is a Canadian animated television series aimed at preschoolers, originally broadcast in Canada from 1994–2002 by Family Channel and later aired in the United States on PBS from 1996–1997 and Disney Channel from 1997–2000. In Canada, the series aired uninterruptedly on Family Channel and (beginning on 2007) Disney Junior (formerly called Playhouse Disney) until December 31, 2012. The series has also aired in several countries around the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "WUKY",
"paragraph_text": "WUKY (91.3 FM) is the flagship National Public Radio station in Lexington, Kentucky. Owned by the University of Kentucky, it is an Adult Album Alternative station that airs more than 100 hours of music per week, in addition to programming from NPR, Public Radio International, the BBC, and American Public Media. Studios are located in McVey Hall on the UK campus.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "WRLX",
"paragraph_text": "WRLX, known on-air as \"Mia 92.1\", is a Spanish radio station licensed to the West Palm Beach, Florida market, where its studios and transmitter tower are separately located. It is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. (formerly Clear Channel Communications), and broadcasts on 92.1 FM.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "KHTS-FM",
"paragraph_text": "KHTS-FM (93.3 FM) is a top 40 (CHR) station that is licensed to El Cajon, California and serves the San Diego market. The station is owned by , through licensee Citicasters, and brands as \"Channel 93-3\", sounded out as \"Channel 9-3-3\". The station's studios are located in San Diego's Serra Mesa area, while the transmitter is located in Chollas View, which is east of Balboa Park and west of Emerald Hills, sharing facilities with KLSD. The station is available in HD Radio; the HD2 subchannel airs an LGBT-leaning dance hits format, carrying iHeart's Pride Radio network.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who owns the 100+ Station Group, that bears the same name as the channel that Like Family first aired on?
|
[
{
"id": 139673,
"question": "On what channel did Like Family first air?",
"answer": "The WB",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 256194,
"question": "The #1 100+ Station Group >> owned by",
"answer": "Warner Bros.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] |
Warner Bros.
|
[
"WB"
] | true |
2hop__143759_20122
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "La hantise",
"paragraph_text": "La hantise () is a 1912 short silent film directed by Louis Feuillade. The film stars Renée Carl and René Navarre. The film focuses on a woman who is told by a palm reader that one of her loved ones will die. The woman then tries to convince her husband not to board the RMS \"Titanic\", as she fears for his safety. The film is said to confront the fraud of palm reading, highlighting the suffering that obsessive belief in the supernatural can create.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Juliana Schierberg",
"paragraph_text": "Juliana Schierberg was employed as a chamber maid to Queen Ulrika Eleonora in 1681, and was given the same position to the eldest Princess, Hedvig Sophia, upon the death of the queen in 1693. She had a similar position with Hedvig Sophia as Emerentia von Düben had with the younger Princess, Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden, and acted as the political adviser of the Princess.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "She's Always a Woman",
"paragraph_text": "The song was released in 1977, following several other hits from The Stranger including ``Just the Way You Are '',`` Movin 'Out (Anthony's Song)'' and ``Only the Good Die Young ''. Musically, Joel has said that he was influenced by Gordon Lightfoot and his mellow acoustic guitar ballads. It is a love song that Joel wrote for his then wife, Elizabeth Weber. Elizabeth had taken over management of Joel's career, and was able to put his financial affairs in order after Joel had signed some bad deals and contracts. She was a tough and savvy negotiator who could`` wound with her eyes'' or ``steal like a thief '', but would`` never give in''. Because of her tough - as - nails negotiating style, many business adversaries thought she was ``unfeminine, ''but to Joel, she was always a woman. The two eventually divorced in 1982.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Lena Baker",
"paragraph_text": "Lena Baker (June 8, 1900 -- March 5, 1945) was an African American maid in Cuthbert, Georgia who was convicted of capital murder of her white employer, Ernest Knight. She was executed by the state of Georgia in 1945. Baker was the only woman in Georgia to be executed by electrocution.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)\" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin from their album \"Led Zeppelin II\", released in 1969. It was also released as the B-side of the single \"Whole Lotta Love\". The song is about a groupie who stalked the band early in their career. A misprint by Atlantic Records resulted in the original UK pressings of \"Led Zeppelin II\" being titled \"Livin' Lovin' Wreck (She's a Woman)\", with the \"Wreck\" corrected to \"Maid\" and the subtitle changed on the US and later releases.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Kat Nestel",
"paragraph_text": "Katherine \"Kat\" Nestel (born April 3, 1990) is an American recording artist and songwriter. In June 2013 she signed with management company 1916 MGMT, and soon after she signed a publishing deal with BMG Chrysalis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Lady Writing a Letter with her Maid",
"paragraph_text": "Lady Writing a Letter with her Maid is a painting by the Dutch artist Johannes Vermeer, completed in 1670–1671 and held in the National Gallery of Ireland. The work shows a middle-class woman attended by a housemaid who is presumably acting as messenger and go-between for the lady and her lover. The work is seen as a bridge between the quiet restraint and self-containment of Vermeer's work of the 1660s and his relatively cooler work of the 1670s. It may have been partly inspired by Ter Borch's painting \"Woman Sealing a Letter\". The painting's canvas was almost certainly cut from the same bolt used for \"Woman with a Lute\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Queen of Katwe",
"paragraph_text": "Queen of Katwe is a 2016 American biographical sports drama film directed by Mira Nair and written by William Wheeler. Starring David Oyelowo, Lupita Nyong'o, and Madina Nalwanga, the film depicts the life of Phiona Mutesi, a Ugandan girl living in a slum in Katwe. She learns to play chess and becomes a Woman Candidate Master after her victories at World Chess Olympiads.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Samurai",
"paragraph_text": "Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or in-laws that may be living under her roof. Confucian law, which helped define personal relationships and the code of ethics of the warrior class required that a woman show subservience to her husband, filial piety to her parents, and care to the children. Too much love and affection was also said to indulge and spoil the youngsters. Thus, a woman was also to exercise discipline.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Wonder Woman",
"paragraph_text": "Wonder Woman's origin story relates that she was sculpted from clay by her mother Queen Hippolyta and given life by Aphrodite, along with superhuman powers as gifts by the Greek gods. However, in recent years artists updated her profile: she has been depicted as the daughter of Zeus, and jointly raised by her mother Hippolyta and her aunts Antiope and Menalippe. In the 1980s artist George Perez gave her a muscular look and emphasized her Amazonian heritage. In 2010 artist Jim Lee redesigned Diana's costume to include pants, though this design was later abandoned. She inherits Ares's divine abilities, becoming the personified ``God of War ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Hippolyta (DC Comics)",
"paragraph_text": "Queen Hippolyta is a fictional DC Comics superhero, based on the Amazon queen Hippolyta from Greek mythology. Introduced in 1941 during the Golden Age of Comic Books, she is the mother of Wonder Woman and Donna Troy, and queen of the Amazons of Themyscira.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)",
"paragraph_text": "\"What She Is (Is a Woman in Love)\" is a song written by Bob McDill and Paul Harrison and recorded by American country music artist Earl Thomas Conley. It was released in February 1988 as the lead single from the album, \"The Heart of It All\". The song was Earl Thomas Conley's fifteenth number one on the country chart. The single went to number one for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Princess Bride",
"paragraph_text": "In a Renaissance - era world, a beautiful young woman named Buttercup lives on a farm in the country of Florin. She delights in verbally abusing the farm hand Westley, whom she addresses as ``farm boy '', by demanding that he perform chores for her. Westley's response to her demands is always`` As you wish.'' She eventually realizes that what he is really saying is, ``I love you. ''After Buttercup realizes, as well, that she truly and strongly loves him and confesses her strong romantic feelings, Westley leaves to seek his fortune so they can marry. Buttercup later receives word that the Dread Pirate Roberts, who is notorious for killing all those whose vessels he boards, attacked his ship at sea. Believing Westley dead, Buttercup sinks into abject despair, declaring,`` I will never love again.'' Some time later, she reluctantly agrees to marry Prince Humperdinck, heir to the throne of Florin, due to a law allowing the prince to choose any unmarried woman as his bride, though she makes it clear that she does not love him.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Where Love Used to Live",
"paragraph_text": "\"Where Love Used to Live\" is a single by American country music artist David Houston. Released in September 1968, it was the first single from his album \"Where Love Used to Live/My Woman's Good to Me\". The song peaked at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Forrest Gump",
"paragraph_text": "Sally Field as Mrs. Gump: Field reflected on the character, ``She's a woman who loves her son unconditionally.... A lot of her dialogue sounds like slogans, and that's just what she intends. ''",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Hedvig Ulrika De la Gardie",
"paragraph_text": "Hedvig Ulrika De la Gardie was the daughter of count Carl Julius De la Gardie and countess Magdalena Christina Stenbock. Her mother was Mistress of the Robes to Princess Sophie Albertine of Sweden, and she herself was a maid of honor to the Queen, Sophia Magdalena of Denmark. She was a participator in the amateur theatre society of King Gustav III at the royal court.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Ebba Sparre",
"paragraph_text": "Ebba Sparre was the daughter of statesman and marshal Lars Eriksson Sparre and Märta Banér and grandchild of chancellor Erik Larsson Sparre. She arrived at court in 1644, where she was appointed \"hovfröken\" (maid of honour) to the queen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Anne Cecil, Countess of Oxford",
"paragraph_text": "Anne Cecil, Countess of Oxford (5 December 1556 – 5 June 1588) was the daughter of the statesman William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, chief adviser to Queen Elizabeth I of England, and the translator Mildred Cooke. In 1571 she became the first wife of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford. She served as a Maid of Honour to Queen Elizabeth before her marriage.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What manager of the performer of Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman) tried to sign Queen?
|
[
{
"id": 143759,
"question": "Who was the artiste for Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)?",
"answer": "Led Zeppelin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 20122,
"question": "What manager of #1 tried to sign Queen?",
"answer": "Peter Grant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
] |
Peter Grant
|
[] | true |
2hop__638155_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Sen Dog",
"paragraph_text": "Senen Reyes (born November 22, 1965), also known by his stage name Sen Dog, is a Cuban-American rapper and musician who is best known as a member of the rap group Cypress Hill and as the lead vocalist for the heavy metal band Powerflo. He has been developing a solo career in addition to his work with Cypress Hill and Powerflo, and is the lead vocalist for rap rock band SX-10.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Taxodium distichum",
"paragraph_text": "Taxodium distichum (bald cypress, cypress, southern - cypress, white - cypress, tidewater red - cypress, Gulf - cypress, red - cypress, or swamp cypress) is a deciduous conifer in the family Cupressaceae that grows on saturated and seasonally inundated soils in the lowlands of the Southeastern and Gulf Coastal Plains of the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Tape from California",
"paragraph_text": "Tape from California is Phil Ochs' fifth album, released in mid-1968 on A&M Records. It continues Ochs' musical shift away from straight-ahead protest songwriting toward more orchestral and baroque arrangements.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "As of 2013, West has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all-time. About.com ranked Kanye West No. 8 on their \"Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers\" list. On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the year's No. 1 \"Hottest MC in the Game.\" On December 17, 2010, Kanye West was voted as the MTV Man of the Year by MTV. Billboard ranked Kanye West No. 3 on their list of Top 10 Producers of the Decade. West ties with Bob Dylan for having topped the annual Pazz & Jop critic poll the most number of times ever, with four number-one albums each. West has also been included twice in the Time 100 annual lists of the most influential people in the world as well as being listed in a number of Forbes annual lists.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Frederick W. Gerber",
"paragraph_text": "Upon his retirement in November 1871, Gerber received the Medal of Honor for his entire career. He was the first US Army engineer to receive the medal. He was buried in Cypress Hills National Cemetery in Brooklyn.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Phuncky Feel One",
"paragraph_text": "\"The Phuncky Feel One\" is the second single of rap group Cypress Hill's self-titled debut album. It was released in 1991 as a single and featured the previous single of the album, \"How I Could Just Kill a Man\" as a b-side. It's produced by the producer of Cypress Hill, DJ Muggs and is three minutes and twenty-eight seconds long. The song also topped the Hot Rap Singles's charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Run This Town",
"paragraph_text": "About.com felt that Jay-Z lacked presence, writing, \"It looks like someone finally got tired of being bullied by 'Big Brother'. Roc Nation dropped the ball on the song credit though; it was supposed to read 'Kanye West Featuring Rihanna,' because 'Ye murdered Jay on his own track. But that's not saying much because Jay was running this race on one foot. In other words, Kanye didn't win, Jay lost\". Digital Spy gave a mixed review of the song. \"Boasting three of the biggest stars from the worlds of hip-hop and R&B, 'Run This Town' was never going to be a flop, but neither is it a roaring success. Kanye's slick rapping (\"Reebok baby, you need to try some new things, have you ever had shoes without shoestrings?\") and Rihanna's \"hey-hey\" chorus hook make Jay-Z seem surplus to requirements, which surely can't have been the aim. The chaotic military march beats are impressive – and hats off to Jigga for snubbing Auto-Tune – but this track still doesn't seem fitting of an artist considered a groundbreaking rap legend.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "History of the center of the Universe",
"paragraph_text": "Nicolaus Copernicus' major theory of a heliocentric model was published in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres), in 1543, the year of his death, though he had formulated the theory several decades earlier. Copernicus' ideas were not immediately accepted, but they did begin a paradigm shift away from the Ptolemaic geocentric model to a heliocentric model. The Copernican revolution, as this paradigm shift would come to be called, would last until Isaac Newton's work over a century later.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Rise Up (Cypress Hill song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Rise Up\" is the second single from Cypress Hill's eighth studio album, \"Rise Up\". It features guitarist Tom Morello. The song is very similar in style to Tom Morello's recently reformed band Rage Against the Machine.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Melrose Hill, Los Angeles",
"paragraph_text": "Melrose Hill is a small neighborhood within the city of Los Angeles, California, tucked away in an area of Hollywood near Hancock Park.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "La Paz",
"paragraph_text": "In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Insane in the Brain",
"paragraph_text": "\"Insane in the Brain\" is a 1993 single by the American hip hop group Cypress Hill. In addition to hitting number one on the US rap chart, the song also was a mainstream hit, reaching number 19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in 1993. It earned a gold certification from the Recording Industry Association of America and sold 600,000 copies domestically. The song was released on the group's \"Black Sunday\" album.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Pebble Beach, California",
"paragraph_text": "Pebble Beach has eight public and private 18 - hole golf courses. Pebble Beach Golf Links, The Links at Spanish Bay, Spyglass Hill and Peter Hay Golf Course are owned by Pebble Beach Company and are all public courses. Poppy Hills is also a public course. Private courses located at Pebble Beach are Cypress Point Club and the private Monterey Peninsula Country Club's two courses, the Dunes Course and the Shore Course. Pebble Beach Company also owns Del Monte Golf Course a few miles away in Monterey, which is the oldest continuously operating course in the Western United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Cypress Peak",
"paragraph_text": "Cypress Peak is a mountain peak south of Brandywine Mountain on the Squamish-Cheakamus divide, west of Whistler in the New Westminster Land District of British Columbia, Canada. The mountain was named after nearby Cypress Creek (which has since been renamed Roe Creek).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sidney Rosenthal",
"paragraph_text": "Sidney Rosenthal (1907–1979), from Richmond Hill, New York, is credited with inventing what is now known as a Magic Marker in 1953.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Kanye is credited for the shift away from what genre of the musical style that Cypress Hill performed in?
|
[
{
"id": 638155,
"question": "Cypress Hill >> occupation",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__215214_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "La Paz",
"paragraph_text": "In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Setä Tamu",
"paragraph_text": "Mikko Tamminen (born 20 August 1975), better known by his stage name Setä Tamu, is a Finnish rapper and record producer.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
The shift away from what genre of music that Setä Tamu performs is Kanye credited for?
|
[
{
"id": 215214,
"question": "Setä Tamu >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__258533_57062
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": "After the Incheon landing, the 1st Cavalry Division began its northward advance from the Pusan Perimeter. \"Task Force Lynch\" (after Lieutenant Colonel James H. Lynch), 3rd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, and two 70th Tank Battalion units (Charlie Company and the Intelligence–Reconnaissance Platoon) effected the \"Pusan Perimeter Breakout\" through 106.4 miles (171.2 km) of enemy territory to join the 7th Infantry Division at Osan. The X Corps rapidly defeated the KPA defenders around Seoul, thus threatening to trap the main KPA force in Southern Korea.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "France–United Kingdom relations",
"paragraph_text": "The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Georges Kopp",
"paragraph_text": "Georges Kopp, (St Petersburg, Russia 1902 – Marseilles, France 15 July 1951) was an engineer who had lived in Belgium for about 25 years and volunteered to fight for the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War, rising to become commander of the 3rd Regiment, Lenin Division, a militia unit belonging to the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) which saw active service on the Aragon front, and was later incorporated into the regular army as the 29th Division of the Republican government's Popular Army. Kopp rose to become captain in the general staff of the 45th Mixed Brigade of the Spanish Republican Army.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Red Army",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Battle of Bezzecca",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bezzecca was fought on 21 July 1866 between Italy and Austria, during the Third Italian Independence War. The Italian force, the Hunters of the Alps, were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, and had invaded Trentino as part of the general Italian offensive against the Austrian force occupying north-eastern Italy after the decisive Prussian victory of Battle of Königgrätz, which had led Austria to move part of their troops towards Vienna (see Invasion of Trentino).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Free France",
"paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Yuli Daniel",
"paragraph_text": "Yuli Daniel was born in Moscow, the son of the Yiddish playwright M. Daniel (Mark Meyerovich, ). In 1942, during World War II, Yuli Daniel lied about his age and volunteered to serve on the 2nd Ukrainian and the 3rd Belorussian fronts. In 1944 he was critically wounded in his legs and was demobilized.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Breast Cancer Awareness Month",
"paragraph_text": "NBCAM was founded in 1985 in October as a partnership between the American Cancer Society and the pharmaceutical division of Imperial Chemical Industries (now part of AstraZeneca, producer of several anti-breast cancer drugs). The aim of the NBCAM from the start has been to promote mammography as the most effective weapon in the fight against breast cancer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Australian Army during World War II",
"paragraph_text": "The Australian Army was the largest service in the Australian military during World War II. Prior to the outbreak of war the Australian Army was split into the small full - time Permanent Military Forces (PMF) and the larger part - time Militia. Following the outbreak of war, on 14 September 1939 Prime Minister Robert Menzies announced that 40,000 members of the Militia would be called up for training and a 20,000 - strong expeditionary force, designated the Second Australian Imperial Force (Second AIF), would be formed for overseas service. Meanwhile, conscription was introduced in October 1939 to keep the Militia at strength as its members volunteered for the AIF. The Australian Army subsequently made an important contribution to the Allied campaigns in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and North Africa fighting the Germans, Italians and Vichy French during 1940 and 1941, and later in the jungles of the South West Pacific Area fighting the Japanese between late 1941 and 1945. Following the Japanese surrender Australian Army units were deployed as occupation forces across the South West Pacific. Meanwhile, the Army contributed troops to the British Commonwealth Occupation Force (BCOF) in Japan from 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Kargil War",
"paragraph_text": "The Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass subsector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, Pakistan had to withdraw under international pressure and due to pressure from continued fighting at battle front and left India in control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Simla Agreement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Halil Kut",
"paragraph_text": "In 1917, Halil Pasha was ordered by the Minister of Defense Enver Pasha to move some of his troops to the Persian Campaign It was an unsuccessful attempt to destabilize the British supported government there. This limited his ability to defend Baghdad and led to the Fall of Baghdad. After which fresh British forces were massed at the Iraq front after this surrender.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Chinese Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "On 12 December 1936, the disgruntled Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng conspired to kidnap Chiang and force him into a truce with the CPC. The incident became known as the Xi'an Incident. Both parties suspended fighting to form a Second United Front to focus their energies and fighting against the Japanese. In 1937 Japan launched its full - scale invasion of China and its well - equipped troops overran KMT defenders in northern and coastal China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Operation Hannibal",
"paragraph_text": "The Soviet East Prussian Offensive by the Red Army's 3rd Belarusian Front under General Ivan Chernyakhovsky commenced on January 13, 1945 and, with Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky's 2nd Belorussian Front, subsequently cut off East Prussia between January 23 and February 10, 1945. German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz ordered General Admiral Oskar Kummetz, as Naval High Commander, Baltic, and Rear Admiral Konrad Engelhardt, head of the Kriegsmarine's shipping department, to plan and execute the \"Rettungsaktion\" (evacuation operation). Dönitz radioed a message to Gdynia in occupied Poland on January 23, 1945, to begin evacuations to ports outside of the Soviet area of operations. The operation was codenamed \"Hannibal\". Dönitz stated in his post-war memoirs that his aim had been to evacuate as many people as possible away from the Soviets.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Russo-Japanese War",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Mukden commenced on 20 February 1905. In the following days Japanese forces proceeded to assault the right and left flanks of Russian forces surrounding Mukden, along a 50-mile (80 km) front. Approximately half a million men were involved in the fighting. Both sides were well entrenched and were backed by hundreds of artillery pieces. After days of harsh fighting, added pressure from the flanks forced both ends of the Russian defensive line to curve backwards. Seeing they were about to be encircled, the Russians began a general retreat, fighting a series of fierce rearguard actions, which soon deteriorated in the confusion and collapse of Russian forces. On 10 March 1905, after three weeks of fighting, General Kuropatkin decided to withdraw to the north of Mukden. The Russians lost 90,000 men in the battle.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "3rd Division (Australia)",
"paragraph_text": "The 3rd Division was an infantry division of the Australian Army. Existing during various periods between 1916 and 1991, it is considered the \"longest serving Australian Army division\". It was first formed during World War I, as an infantry division of the Australian Imperial Force and saw service on the Western Front in France and Belgium. During this time it fought major battles at Messines, Broodseinde Ridge, Passchendaele, Amiens, and the St Quentin Canal.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the \"RVN\"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or \"VC\", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Supermarine Spitfire operational history",
"paragraph_text": "Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Sahara",
"paragraph_text": "The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. Indeed, the extreme aridity of the Sahara can't be only explained by the subtropical high pressure. The Atlas Mountains, found in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia also help to enhance the aridity of the northern part of the desert. These major mountain ranges act as a barrier causing a strong rain shadow effect on the leeward side by dropping much of the humidity brought by atmospheric disturbances along the polar front which affects the surrounding Mediterranean climates.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "230th Brigade (United Kingdom)",
"paragraph_text": "The 3rd Dismounted Brigade was a formation of the British Army in the First World War. It was formed in Egypt in February 1916 by absorbing the Eastern Mounted Brigade and the South Eastern Mounted Brigade. The brigade served as part of the Western Frontier Force and the Suez Canal Defences.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who led the force that included the 3rd Belorussian Front?
|
[
{
"id": 258533,
"question": "3rd Belorussian Front >> part of",
"answer": "Red Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 57062,
"question": "who led #1 and made it an effective fighting force",
"answer": "Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] |
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky
|
[
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"
] | true |
2hop__141099_256194
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "CKAT",
"paragraph_text": "CKAT is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 600 AM in North Bay, Ontario. The station, owned by Rogers Communications, airs a country music, news and sports format.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Railtrack",
"paragraph_text": "Railtrack was a group of companies that owned the track, signalling, tunnels, bridges, level crossings and all but a handful of the stations of the British railway system from 1994 until 2002. It was created as part of the privatisation of British Rail, listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In 2002, after experiencing major financial difficulty, most of Railtrack's operations were transferred to the state-controlled non-profit company Network Rail. The remainder of Railtrack was renamed RT Group plc and eventually dissolved on 22 June 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "WQLH",
"paragraph_text": "WQLH (98.5 FM, \"Star 98\") is a Hot Adult Contemporary formatted radio station licensed to Green Bay, Wisconsin and serving Green Bay, Appleton, Oshkosh, and Northeast Wisconsin. The station is owned and operated by Cumulus Media. WQLH's studios are located on Victoria Street in Green Bay, while its transmitter is located near Suamico.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "WNSP",
"paragraph_text": "WNSP (105.5 FM, \"Sports Radio 105.5\") is a radio station licensed to serve Bay Minette, Alabama, United States. The station, founded in 1964, is currently owned by Dot Com Plus, LLC. WNSP and sister station WZEW broadcast from the former Smith Bakery building in Mobile, Alabama. WNSP's transmitter is near Bay Minette.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "WEMY",
"paragraph_text": "WEMY is a Christian radio station broadcasting on 91.5 FM, serving the Green Bay, Wisconsin area. The station's format consists of Christian contemporary music with some Christian talk and teaching. WEMY is also heard in the Manitowoc - Two Rivers area through a translator on 95.5. It is part of \"The Family\" radio network with WEMI.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "WBTN-FM",
"paragraph_text": "WBTN-FM (94.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Bennington, Vermont. The station is owned by Vermont Public Radio, and is an affiliate of their News and Information network. The station signed on as WHGC in 1979, airing an Adult Contemporary format. In 1990, the format was flipped to Album Rock, and the station's motto was \"The Heart of Rock\". In 1995, the format was changed to Top 40 as \"The Mix\", and the call letters were later changed to WBTN-FM in 1997. In 1999, the station was purchased by Vermont Public Radio as part of its effort to build a two-channel network. While WAMC in Albany, New York has long claimed Bennington as part of its primary coverage area, VPR's purchase of WBTN gave this part of Vermont access to Vermont-based public radio programming for the first time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "France Bleu Roussillon",
"paragraph_text": "France Bleu Roussillon is a public radio station part of the France Bleu network owned by Radio France for the Pyrénées-Orientales (Roussillon) department.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Forticom",
"paragraph_text": "Forticom is an IT company based in Latvia. It was the owner of online social networks One.lv (Latvian) and One.lt (Lithuanian). 100% of Forticom is owned by Mail.ru Group. At this moment the company sold one.lt but the second project one.lv was closed in January 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Frazier Islands",
"paragraph_text": "The Frazier Islands are a group of three rocky islands - Nelly, Dewart and Charlton - in the eastern part of Vincennes Bay, East Antarctica, west-north-west of Clark Peninsula, and 16 km offshore from Australia's Casey Station.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "WYRA",
"paragraph_text": "WYRA (98.5 FM) is a broadcast radio station licensed to Confluence, Pennsylvania and serving the Confluence/Uniontown/Somerset area. WYRA is owned and operated by Educational Media Foundation and broadcasts a Christian Worship format as part of the Air 1 network.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "WHDI (FM)",
"paragraph_text": "WHDI (91.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Sister Bay, Wisconsin, and serving the Door County area. The station is part of Wisconsin Public Radio (WPR), and airs WPR's \"Ideas Network\", consisting of news and talk programming.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Melbourne",
"paragraph_text": "A long list of AM and FM radio stations broadcast to greater Melbourne. These include \"public\" (i.e., state-owned ABC and SBS) and community stations. Many commercial stations are networked-owned: DMG has Nova 100 and Smooth; ARN controls Gold 104.3 and KIIS 101.1; and Southern Cross Austereo runs both Fox and Triple M. Stations from towns in regional Victoria may also be heard (e.g. 93.9 Bay FM, Geelong). Youth alternatives include ABC Triple J and youth run SYN. Triple J, and similarly PBS and Triple R, strive to play under represented music. JOY 94.9 caters for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender audiences. For fans of classical music there are 3MBS and ABC Classic FM. Light FM is a contemporary Christian station. AM stations include ABC: 774, Radio National, and News Radio; also Fairfax affiliates 3AW (talk) and Magic (easy listening). For sport fans and enthusiasts there is SEN 1116. Melbourne has many community run stations that serve alternative interests, such as 3CR and 3KND (Indigenous). Many suburbs have low powered community run stations serving local audiences.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "WTAQ",
"paragraph_text": "WTAQ (1360 AM) and WTAQ-FM (97.5 FM) are conservative news/talk-formatted radio stations, licensed to Green Bay, Wisconsin (AM) and Glenmore, Wisconsin (FM), that serve the Green Bay and Appleton-Oshkosh areas. The stations are owned by Midwest Communications.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The WB 100+ Station Group",
"paragraph_text": "The WB 100+ Station Group (originally called The WeB from its developmental stages until March 1999) is a defunct programming service operated by The WB Television Network – owned by the Warner Bros. Entertainment division of Time Warner, the Tribune Company and the group's founder, Jamie Kellner – comprising an affiliate group primarily made of non-broadcast local cable television outlets. Operating from September 21, 1998 to September 18, 2006, the service was intended for areas ranked below the top 100 Nielsen Media Research-designated television markets in the United States.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "WHID",
"paragraph_text": "WHID (88.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Green Bay. The station is part of Wisconsin Public Radio (WPR), and airs WPR's \"Ideas Network\", consisting of news and talk programming. WHID also broadcasts local news and programming from studios in the Instructional Services building at the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, along with sister News & Classical Network station WPNE (89.3). WSHS (91.7) retransmits the WHID signal during non-school hours in the Sheboygan area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Hyperion Nunataks",
"paragraph_text": "The Hyperion Nunataks () are a group of about 10 nunataks lying south of Saturn Glacier and west of the Corner Cliffs, in the southeastern part of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The group was first seen and photographed from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and mapped from these photos by W.L.G. Joerg. It was surveyed in 1949 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, and so named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee in association with nearby Saturn Glacier, Hyperion being one of the satellites of the planet Saturn.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "WHND",
"paragraph_text": "WHND (89.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Sister Bay, Wisconsin, United States, serving the Door County area. The station is part of Wisconsin Public Radio (WPR), and broadcasts WPR's \"NPR News and Classical Network\", consisting of classical music and news and talk programming.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Hyperion Bay",
"paragraph_text": "Hyperion Bay is an American drama series that ran for one season on The WB from September 21, 1998 to March 8, 1999. The series was partially filmed in Humboldt County, California, in the cities of Trinidad, Eureka, and Ferndale.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "WEVN",
"paragraph_text": "WEVN (90.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to Keene, New Hampshire. The station is owned by New Hampshire Public Radio, and is an affiliate of their public radio network .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Railtrack",
"paragraph_text": "Railtrack was a group of companies that owned the track, signalling, tunnels, bridges, level crossings and all but a handful of the stations of the British railway system from 1994 until 2002. It was created as part of the privatisation of British Rail, listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In 2002, after experiencing major financial difficulty, most of Railtrack's operations were transferred to the state - controlled non-profit company Network Rail. The remainder of Railtrack was renamed RT Group plc and eventually dissolved on 22 June 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What company owns the 100+ station group that includes the network Hyperion Bay is part of?
|
[
{
"id": 141099,
"question": "Which network is Hyperion Bay a part of?",
"answer": "The WB",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 256194,
"question": "The #1 100+ Station Group >> owned by",
"answer": "Warner Bros.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] |
Warner Bros.
|
[
"WB"
] | true |
2hop__774703_57062
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Maginot Line",
"paragraph_text": "The Maginot Line was impervious to most forms of attack, including aerial bombings and tank fire, and had underground railways as a backup; it also had state - of - the - art living conditions for garrisoned troops, supplying air conditioning and eating areas for their comfort. Instead of attacking directly, the Germans invaded through the Low Countries, bypassing the Line to the north. French and British officers had anticipated this: when Germany invaded the Netherlands and Belgium, they carried out plans to form an aggressive front that cut across Belgium and connected to the Maginot Line. However, the French line was weak near the Ardennes forest. The French believed this region, with its rough terrain, would be an unlikely invasion route of German forces; if it was traversed, it would be done at a slow rate that would allow the French time to bring up reserves and counterattack. The German Army, having reformulated their plans from a repeat of the First World War - era plan, became aware of and exploited this weak point in the French defensive front. A rapid advance through the forest and across the River Meuse encircled much of the Allied forces, resulting in a sizeable force being evacuated at Dunkirk leaving the forces to the south unable to mount an effective resistance to the German invasion of France.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "VFA-303",
"paragraph_text": "VFA-303, nicknamed the \"Golden Hawks\", was a Strike Fighter Squadron of the U.S. Navy Reserve. It was established as Attack Squadron VA-303 on 1 July 1970 at NAS Alameda, California as part of a reorganization of the reserves intended to increase the combat readiness of the Naval Air Reserve Force. On 1 January 1984, it was redesignated VFA-303 and relocated to NAS Lemoore. It was disestablished on 31 December 1994.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Supermarine Spitfire operational history",
"paragraph_text": "Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Kargil War",
"paragraph_text": "The Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass subsector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, Pakistan had to withdraw under international pressure and due to pressure from continued fighting at battle front and left India in control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Simla Agreement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the \"RVN\"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or \"VC\", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Battle of Königsberg",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg Offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian Offensive during World War II. In four days of violent urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg – now Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city. There was heavy fighting for the overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line. The battle finished when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Halil Kut",
"paragraph_text": "In 1917, Halil Pasha was ordered by the Minister of Defense Enver Pasha to move some of his troops to the Persian Campaign It was an unsuccessful attempt to destabilize the British supported government there. This limited his ability to defend Baghdad and led to the Fall of Baghdad. After which fresh British forces were massed at the Iraq front after this surrender.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Chinese Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "On 12 December 1936, the disgruntled Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng conspired to kidnap Chiang and force him into a truce with the CPC. The incident became known as the Xi'an Incident. Both parties suspended fighting to form a Second United Front to focus their energies and fighting against the Japanese. In 1937 Japan launched its full - scale invasion of China and its well - equipped troops overran KMT defenders in northern and coastal China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Russo-Japanese War",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Mukden commenced on 20 February 1905. In the following days Japanese forces proceeded to assault the right and left flanks of Russian forces surrounding Mukden, along a 50-mile (80 km) front. Approximately half a million men were involved in the fighting. Both sides were well entrenched and were backed by hundreds of artillery pieces. After days of harsh fighting, added pressure from the flanks forced both ends of the Russian defensive line to curve backwards. Seeing they were about to be encircled, the Russians began a general retreat, fighting a series of fierce rearguard actions, which soon deteriorated in the confusion and collapse of Russian forces. On 10 March 1905, after three weeks of fighting, General Kuropatkin decided to withdraw to the north of Mukden. The Russians lost 90,000 men in the battle.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Moscow Reserve Front",
"paragraph_text": "The Moscow Reserve Front was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War. It was formed on 9 October 1941 on the basis of the Moscow defensive line in the Volokolamsk, Mozhaisky Maloyaroslavets Kaluga and fortified areas.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Red Army",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "I Will Fight No More Forever",
"paragraph_text": "I Will Fight No More Forever is a 1975 made-for-television movie starring James Whitmore as General Oliver O. Howard and Ned Romero as Chief Joseph. It is a dramatization of Chief Joseph's resistance to the U.S. government's forcible removal of his Nez Perce Indian tribe to a reservation in Idaho.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Kirill Kondrashin",
"paragraph_text": "Kondrashin was born in Moscow to a family of orchestral musicians. Having spent many hours at rehearsals, he made a firm decision at the age of 14 to become a conductor. He studied at the Moscow Conservatory from 1931 to 1936 under the conductor Boris Khaykin. Kondrashin began conducting in the Young People's Theatre in Moscow in 1931, continuing in the Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Academic Music Theatre three years later. He conducted at the Maliy Opera Theatre in Leningrad from 1938 to 1942 and the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow from 1943. His performance of Shostakovich's Symphony No.1 attracted the composer's attention and led to the formation of a firm friendship. In 1947, he was awarded the Stalin Medal.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Battle of Bezzecca",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bezzecca was fought on 21 July 1866 between Italy and Austria, during the Third Italian Independence War. The Italian force, the Hunters of the Alps, were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, and had invaded Trentino as part of the general Italian offensive against the Austrian force occupying north-eastern Italy after the decisive Prussian victory of Battle of Königgrätz, which had led Austria to move part of their troops towards Vienna (see Invasion of Trentino).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Free France",
"paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "France–United Kingdom relations",
"paragraph_text": "The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Federal Reserve",
"paragraph_text": "The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States of America. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises. Over the years, events such as the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Great Recession during the 2000s have led to the expansion of the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "By summer 1918, a million American soldiers, or \"doughboys\" as they were often called, of the American Expeditionary Forces were in Europe under the command of John J. Pershing, with 25,000 more arriving every week. The failure of Germany's spring offensive exhausted its reserves and they were unable to launch new offensives. The German Navy and home front then revolted and a new German government signed a conditional surrender, the Armistice, ending the war against the western front on November 11, 1918.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kyoto Protocol",
"paragraph_text": "The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human - made CO emissions have predominantly caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who led the military group that included Moscow Reserve Front and made it an effective fighting force?
|
[
{
"id": 774703,
"question": "Moscow Reserve Front >> part of",
"answer": "Red Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 57062,
"question": "who led #1 and made it an effective fighting force",
"answer": "Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] |
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky
|
[
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"
] | true |
2hop__346015_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Picasso Baby",
"paragraph_text": "\"Picasso Baby\" is a song by American hip hop artist Jay-Z from his twelfth studio album \"Magna Carta... Holy Grail\". It is the second track on the album and features additional vocals by The-Dream and Zofia Borucka Moreno. The song was produced by Timbaland and Jerome \"J-Roc\" Harmon and contains a sample of \"Sirens\" by Adrian Younge. Following the release of the album, the song peaked at number 91 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 based on downloads only.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Drink You Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drink You Away ''is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Justin Timberlake for his fourth studio album, The 20 / 20 Experience -- 2 of 2 (2013). It was written and produced by Timberlake, Timothy`` Timbaland'' Mosley and Jerome ``J - Roc ''Harmon, with additional writing from James Fauntleroy. It was sent to US country radio stations on November 23, 2015 as the fourth and final single from the album. Musically, it was defined by critics as a multi-genre song including classic rock, country pop, gospel blues and Memphis soul. Lyrically, on the track, Timberlake compares love to alcoholism while making references to several alcoholic brands including Jack Daniel's and Jim Beam. As of May 2016, the song has sold over 600,000 copies in the US.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Drunk in Love",
"paragraph_text": "\"Drunk in Love\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé featuring her husband, American rapper Jay-Z. The duo composed the song along with credited production and writing by Detail, Andre Eric Proctor, Rasool Diaz, Brian Soko, Timbaland, Jerome Harmon and Boots for self-titled fifth studio album (2013). Columbia Records released \"Drunk in Love\" as one of the two lead singles from \"Beyoncé\" on December 17, 2013. The song was dominated by trap beats in chunks and bass. Its lyrics, which depict female sexuality, are sung by Beyoncé in a sensual and confident way.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Frédéric Chopin",
"paragraph_text": "Chopin's harmonic innovations may have arisen partly from his keyboard improvisation technique. Temperley says that in his works \"novel harmonic effects frequently result from the combination of ordinary appoggiaturas or passing notes with melodic figures of accompaniment\", and cadences are delayed by the use of chords outside the home key (neapolitan sixths and diminished sevenths), or by sudden shifts to remote keys. Chord progressions sometimes anticipate the shifting tonality of later composers such as Claude Debussy, as does Chopin's use of modal harmony.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Blue Gangsta",
"paragraph_text": "\"Blue Gangsta\" is a song by American recording artist Michael Jackson. The song is the 7th track of Jackson's second posthumous album \"Xscape\". The song was originally written, composed and produced by Jackson and Dr. Freeze during the \"Invincible\" album recording session in 1998. The song was re-tooled by Timbaland and Jerome \"J-Roc\" Harmon during the recording session in 2013–14 of the \"Xscape\" album.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Kanye is credited with creating what after his shift away from the genre Jerome Harmon is known for?
|
[
{
"id": 346015,
"question": "Jerome Harmon >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__351246_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Dvorska Luda",
"paragraph_text": "Dvorska Luda (born Andrija Krivokapić; 25 December 1985) is a Montenegrin rapper, record producer and beatmaker based in Bar, Montenegro. He is a member of the hip-hop group Barska Stoka.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "La Paz",
"paragraph_text": "In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
The shift away from what genre of the kind of music Dvorska Luda creates is Kanye credited for?
|
[
{
"id": 351246,
"question": "Dvorska Luda >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__336282_57062
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Supermarine Spitfire operational history",
"paragraph_text": "Post-war the Spitfire was to continue to serve as a front line fighter and in secondary roles for several air forces well into the 1950s. The last offensive sorties made by RAF Spitfires were flown by 60 Squadron Mk XVIIIs over Malaya on 1 January 1951.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Kyoto Protocol",
"paragraph_text": "The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that (part one) global warming is occurring and (part two) it is extremely likely that human - made CO emissions have predominantly caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": "On 25 November at the Korean western front, the PVA 13th Army Group attacked and overran the ROK II Corps at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, and then decimated the US 2nd Infantry Division on the UN forces' right flank. The UN Command retreated; the U.S. Eighth Army's retreat (the longest in US Army history) was made possible because of the Turkish Brigade's successful, but very costly, rear-guard delaying action near Kunuri that slowed the PVA attack for two days (27–29 November). On 27 November at the Korean eastern front, a U.S. 7th Infantry Division Regimental Combat Team (3,000 soldiers) and the U.S. 1st Marine Division (12,000–15,000 marines) were unprepared for the PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, but they managed to escape under Air Force and X Corps support fire—albeit with some 15,000 collective casualties.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Kargil War",
"paragraph_text": "The Indian army launched its final attacks in the last week of July; as soon as the Drass subsector had been cleared of Pakistani forces, the fighting ceased on 26 July. The day has since been marked as Kargil Vijay Diwas (Kargil Victory Day) in India. By the end of the war, Pakistan had to withdraw under international pressure and due to pressure from continued fighting at battle front and left India in control of all territory south and east of the Line of Control, as was established in July 1972 as per the Simla Agreement.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Fighting on one side was a coalition of forces including the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam or the \"RVN\"), the United States, supplemented by South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines. The allies fought against the North Vietnamese Army (NVA) as well as the National Liberation Front (NLF, also known as Viet communists Viet Cong), or \"VC\", a guerrilla force within South Vietnam. The NVA received substantial military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and China, turning Vietnam into a proxy war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Battle of Königsberg",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg Offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian Offensive during World War II. In four days of violent urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg – now Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city. There was heavy fighting for the overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line. The battle finished when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Free France",
"paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Chinese Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "On 12 December 1936, the disgruntled Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng conspired to kidnap Chiang and force him into a truce with the CPC. The incident became known as the Xi'an Incident. Both parties suspended fighting to form a Second United Front to focus their energies and fighting against the Japanese. In 1937 Japan launched its full - scale invasion of China and its well - equipped troops overran KMT defenders in northern and coastal China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2nd Air Army",
"paragraph_text": "From its founding the army was part of the Bryansk Front. On 9 July 1942 is included in the Voronezh Front. From 16 November by 21 December 1942 was in operational control of Southwestern Front, and then returned to the composition of the Voronezh Front. On 20 October 1943, the Voronezh Front was renamed the 1st Ukrainian Front and 2 VA was subordinated to it.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Battle of Bezzecca",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Bezzecca was fought on 21 July 1866 between Italy and Austria, during the Third Italian Independence War. The Italian force, the Hunters of the Alps, were led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, and had invaded Trentino as part of the general Italian offensive against the Austrian force occupying north-eastern Italy after the decisive Prussian victory of Battle of Königgrätz, which had led Austria to move part of their troops towards Vienna (see Invasion of Trentino).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Red Army",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "8th Battalion (Australia)",
"paragraph_text": "The 8th Battalion was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army. Initially raised in 1914 for the First Australian Imperial Force during the First World War the battalion was completely recruited from Victoria and formed part of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division. During the war it fought at Gallipoli and in France and Belgium on the Western Front. It was disbanded in 1919, before being re-raised as a Militia battalion in 1921. During the Second World War the 8th Battalion was used primarily as a garrison unit before taking part in the Bougainville campaign late in the war. It was disbanded again in 1946 during the demobilisation process, although it was reformed again in 1948 when it was amalgamated with the 7th Battalion. Today, its honours and traditions are perpetuated by the 8th/7th Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Battle of Fort Duquesne",
"paragraph_text": "The attack on Fort Duquesne was part of a large - scale British expedition with 6,000 troops led by General John Forbes to drive the French out of the contested Ohio Country (the upper Ohio River Valley) and clear the way for an invasion of Canada. Forbes ordered Major James Grant of the 1st Highland Regiment to reconnoiter the area with 850 men. When Grant proceeded to attack the French position, his force was out maneuvered, surrounded, and largely destroyed by the French and their native allies led by François - Marie Le Marchand de Lignery. Major Grant was taken prisoner and the British survivors retreated fitfully to Fort Ligonier.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Battle of Radzymin (1944)",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Radzymin was one of a series of engagements between the Red Army's 1st Byelorussian Front and the German Army's XXXIXth Panzer Corps that occurred as part of the Lublin-Brest Offensive between 1 and 10 August 1944 at the conclusion of the Belorussian strategic offensive operation near the town of Radzymin in the vicinity of Warsaw, part of which entailed a large tank battle at Wołomin. It was the largest tank battle on the territories of Poland during World War II.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Franco-Prussian War",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. The aging General von Steinmetz made an overzealous, unplanned move, leading the 1st Army south from his position on the Moselle. He moved straight toward the town of Spicheren, cutting off Prince Frederick Charles from his forward cavalry units in the process.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Russo-Japanese War",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Mukden commenced on 20 February 1905. In the following days Japanese forces proceeded to assault the right and left flanks of Russian forces surrounding Mukden, along a 50-mile (80 km) front. Approximately half a million men were involved in the fighting. Both sides were well entrenched and were backed by hundreds of artillery pieces. After days of harsh fighting, added pressure from the flanks forced both ends of the Russian defensive line to curve backwards. Seeing they were about to be encircled, the Russians began a general retreat, fighting a series of fierce rearguard actions, which soon deteriorated in the confusion and collapse of Russian forces. On 10 March 1905, after three weeks of fighting, General Kuropatkin decided to withdraw to the north of Mukden. The Russians lost 90,000 men in the battle.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "British Expeditionary Force (World War II)",
"paragraph_text": "The BEF (General Lord Gort) began moving to France in September 1939. The British assembled along the Belgian -- French border on the left of the French First Army as part of the French 1er groupe d'armées (1st Army Group) of the Front du Nord - est (North - Eastern Front). Most of the BEF spent the Phoney War digging field defences on the French -- Belgian border, before the Battle of France (Fall Gelb) began on 10 May 1940. The BEF constituted 10 percent of the Allied forces on the Western Front. The BEF participated in the Dyle Plan, a rapid advance into Belgium to the line of the river Dyle but had to retreat through Belgium and north - western France with the rest of the 1er groupe d'armées, after the German breakthrough further south at the Battle of Sedan. The BEF, French and Belgian forces cut off north of the Somme river were evacuated from the French North Sea coast through port and beaches of Dunkirk in Operation Dynamo.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "France–United Kingdom relations",
"paragraph_text": "The French and British fought each other and made treaties with Native American tribes to gain control of North America. Both nations coveted the Ohio Territory and in 1753 a British expedition there led by George Washington clashed with a French force. Shortly afterwards the French and Indian War broke out, initially taking place only in North America but in 1756 becoming part of the wider Seven Years' War in which Britain and France were part of opposing coalitions.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Halil Kut",
"paragraph_text": "In 1917, Halil Pasha was ordered by the Minister of Defense Enver Pasha to move some of his troops to the Persian Campaign It was an unsuccessful attempt to destabilize the British supported government there. This limited his ability to defend Baghdad and led to the Fall of Baghdad. After which fresh British forces were massed at the Iraq front after this surrender.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who led the organization that included the 1st Belorussian Front and made it an effective fighting force?
|
[
{
"id": 336282,
"question": "1st Belorussian Front >> part of",
"answer": "Red Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 57062,
"question": "who led #1 and made it an effective fighting force",
"answer": "Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] |
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky
|
[
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"
] | true |
2hop__348885_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Ils sont cools",
"paragraph_text": "\"Ils sont cools\" is a song by French rapper Orelsan featuring fellow French rapper and Casseurs Flowters member Gringe. Produced by Spanish producer-DJ duo Cookin' Soul, it was released on 22 June 2012 as the sixth and final single from Orelsan's second studio album \"Le chant des sirènes\". It entered the French Singles Chart at number 143 on 23 June 2012, and has since peaked at number 66.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "La Paz",
"paragraph_text": "In 1898, La Paz was made the de facto seat of the national government, with Sucre remaining the nominal historical as well as judiciary capital. This change reflected the shift of the Bolivian economy away from the largely exhausted silver mines of Potosí to the exploitation of tin near Oruro, and resulting shifts in the distribution of economic and political power among various national elites.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What is Kanye credited for with his shift away from the genre Casseurs Flowters is known for?
|
[
{
"id": 348885,
"question": "Casseurs Flowters >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__42240_57062
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Russian Civil War",
"paragraph_text": "The Russian Civil War (Russian: Гражда́нская война́ в Росси́и, tr. Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiyi; November 1917 -- October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. The two largest combatant groups were the Red Army, fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism led by Vladimir Lenin, and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army, which included diverse interests favoring monarchism, capitalism and alternative forms of socialism, each with democratic and antidemocratic variants. In addition, rival militant socialists and nonideological Green armies fought against both the Bolsheviks and the Whites. Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces and the pro-German armies. The Red Army defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak in Siberia in 1919. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in Crimea and evacuated in late 1920. Lesser battles of the war continued on the periphery for two more years, and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923. The war ended in 1923 in the sense that Red control of the newly formed Soviet Union was now assured, although armed national resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934. There were an estimated 7,000,000 -- 12,000,000 casualties during the war, mostly civilians. The Russian Civil War has been described by some as the greatest national catastrophe that Europe had yet seen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Blitz",
"paragraph_text": "In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and communications could be destroyed, effectively taking away their means to resist. It was also thought the bombing of residential centres would cause a collapse of civilian will, which might have led to the collapse of production and civil life. Democracies, where the populace was allowed to show overt disapproval of the ruling government, were thought particularly vulnerable. This thinking was prevalent in both the RAF and what was then known as the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) between the two world wars. RAF Bomber Command's policy in particular would attempt to achieve victory through the destruction of civilian will, communications and industry.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Chihuahua (state)",
"paragraph_text": "President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaza and the Republican forces led by General Terrazas. Being completely caught off guard, the French imperial forces sought refuge by bunkering themselves in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Our Lady of Regla, and St Fancis of Assisi and made it almost impossible to penetrate their defenses. General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs. The first cannon fired hit a bell in the tower of the church, instantly breaking it in half; soon after, 200 men of the imperial army forces surrendered. The republican forces had recovered control over the state capital. The bell in the church was declared a historical monument and can be seen today in the Cathedral. By April 1866, the state government had established a vital trading route from Chihuahua City to San Antonio, Texas; the government began to replenish their supplies and reinforce their fight against the Imperial forces.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Red Army",
"paragraph_text": "In the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, Soviet military theoreticians led by Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky developed the deep operations doctrine, a direct consequence of their Polish - Soviet War and Russian Civil War experiences. To achieve victory, deep operations envisage simultaneous corps - and army - size unit maneuvers of simultaneous parallel attacks throughout the depth of the enemy's ground forces, inducing catastrophic defensive failure. The deep battle doctrine relies upon aviation and armor advances in the hope that maneuver warfare offers quick, efficient, and decisive victory. Marshal Tukhachevsky said that aerial warfare must be ``employed against targets beyond the range of infantry, artillery, and other arms. For maximum tactical effect aircraft should be employed en masse, concentrated in time and space, against targets of the highest tactical importance. ''",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory",
"paragraph_text": "The Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory (referred to as the Russo-Polish War among Polish historians) took place in the final stage of the Livonian War, between 1577 and 1582. Polish-Lithuanian forces led by Stephen Báthory (Batory), king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, successfully fought against the army of Ivan IV \"the Terrible\", tsar of Russia, over the Duchy of Livonia and Polotsk. Russian forces were expelled from Livonia before the campaign was concluded by the Truce of Jam Zapolski.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Qing forces were crushed by Wu from 1673-1674. The Qing had the support of the majority of Han Chinese soldiers and Han elite against the Three Feudatories, since they refused to join Wu Sangui in the revolt, while the Eight Banners and Manchu officers fared poorly against Wu Sangui, so the Qing responded with using a massive army of more than 900,000 Han Chinese (non-Banner) instead of the Eight Banners, to fight and crush the Three Feudatories. Wu Sangui's forces were crushed by the Green Standard Army, made out of defected Ming soldiers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "Warsaw was occupied by Germany from 4 August 1915 until November 1918. The Allied Armistice terms required in Article 12 that Germany withdraw from areas controlled by Russia in 1914, which included Warsaw. Germany did so, and underground leader Piłsudski returned to Warsaw on 11 November and set up what became the Second Polish Republic, with Warsaw the capital. In the course of the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920, the huge Battle of Warsaw was fought on the eastern outskirts of the city in which the capital was successfully defended and the Red Army defeated. Poland stopped by itself the full brunt of the Red Army and defeated an idea of the \"export of the revolution\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Boromir",
"paragraph_text": "During the scattered fighting against orcs near Parth Galen, Boromir was mortally wounded by arrows while defending Merry and Pippin, redeeming himself for trying to take the Ring. The fighting is described through Pippin's eyes:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Modern history",
"paragraph_text": "The principal fighting occurred between the Bolshevik Red Army and the forces of the White Army. Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces, yet many volunteer foreigners fought in both sides of the Russian Civil War. Other nationalist and regional political groups also participated in the war, including the Ukrainian nationalist Green Army, the Ukrainian anarchist Black Army and Black Guards, and warlords such as Ungern von Sternberg. The most intense fighting took place from 1918 to 1920. Major military operations ended on 25 October 1922 when the Red Army occupied Vladivostok, previously held by the Provisional Priamur Government. The last enclave of the White Forces was the Ayano-Maysky District on the Pacific coast. The majority of the fighting ended in 1920 with the defeat of General Pyotr Wrangel in the Crimea, but a notable resistance in certain areas continued until 1923 (e.g., Kronstadt Uprising, Tambov Rebellion, Basmachi Revolt, and the final resistance of the White movement in the Far East).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Free France",
"paragraph_text": "Free France and its Free French Forces (French: France Libre and Forces françaises libres) were the government - in - exile led by Charles de Gaulle during the Second World War and its military forces, that continued to fight against the Axis powers as one of the Allies after the fall of France. Set up in London in June 1940, it organised and supported the Resistance in occupied France.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Estonia",
"paragraph_text": "Some Estonians, unwilling to side directly with the Nazis, joined the Finnish Army (which was allied with the Nazis) to fight against the Soviet Union. The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 (Estonian: soomepoisid) was formed out of Estonian volunteers in Finland. Although many Estonians were recruited into the German armed forces (including Estonian Waffen-SS), the majority of them did so only in 1944 when the threat of a new invasion of Estonia by the Red Army had become imminent. In January 1944 Estonia was again facing the prospect of invasion from the Red Army and the last legitimate prime minister of the Republic of Estonia (according to the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia) delivered a radio address asking all able-bodied men born from 1904 through 1923 to report for military service. The call resulted in around 38,000 new enlistments and several thousand Estonians who had joined the Finnish Army came back to join the newly formed Territorial Defense Force, assigned to defend Estonia against the Soviet advance. It was hoped[by whom?] that by engaging in such a war Estonia would be able to attract Western support for Estonian independence.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "Warsaw remained the capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1796, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia to become the capital of the province of South Prussia. Liberated by Napoleon's army in 1806, Warsaw was made the capital of the newly created Duchy of Warsaw. Following the Congress of Vienna of 1815, Warsaw became the centre of the Congress Poland, a constitutional monarchy under a personal union with Imperial Russia. The Royal University of Warsaw was established in 1816.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Siege of Verona",
"paragraph_text": "The Siege of Verona in the winter of 541, was an engagement during the Gothic War (535–554). Led by Totila, the Ostrogoths successfully defended the city against the numerically superior Byzantine army.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Michael Urvan",
"paragraph_text": "Michael Urvan (born 1973) was the first individual to successfully defend against a domain name dispute brought against an individual by a famous celebrity.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Calixto Bravo Villaso",
"paragraph_text": "Calixto Bravo Villaso (1790 in Chilpancingo, Guerrero – April 5, 1878 in Mexico City) was a Mexican colonel, he was a cousin of Nicolás Bravo. Bravo served in the Mexican Army during the Mexican War of Independence with José María Morelos. In 1821 he was fighting in the state of Veracruz. In 1846 in the Mexican–American War. He heroically defended the city of Laredo against the United States Army (led by Zachary Taylor), with a small company of only 48 men.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Northern Seven Years' War",
"paragraph_text": "For much of the eighteenth century, France approached its wars in the same way. It would let colonies defend themselves or would offer only minimal help (sending them limited numbers of troops or inexperienced soldiers), anticipating that fights for the colonies would most likely be lost anyway. This strategy was to a degree forced upon France: geography, coupled with the superiority of the British navy, made it difficult for the French navy to provide significant supplies and support to French colonies. Similarly, several long land borders made an effective domestic army imperative for any French ruler. Given these military necessities, the French government, unsurprisingly, based its strategy overwhelmingly on the army in Europe: it would keep most of its army on the continent, hoping for victories closer to home. The plan was to fight to the end of hostilities and then, in treaty negotiations, to trade territorial acquisitions in Europe to regain lost overseas possessions. This approach did not serve France well in the war, as the colonies were indeed lost, but although much of the European war went well, by its end France had few counterbalancing European successes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "After the lengthy Iraq disarmament crisis culminated with an American demand that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein leave Iraq, which was refused, a coalition led by the United States and the United Kingdom fought the Iraqi army in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Approximately 250,000 United States troops, with support from 45,000 British, 2,000 Australian and 200 Polish combat forces, entered Iraq primarily through their staging area in Kuwait. (Turkey had refused to permit its territory to be used for an invasion from the north.) Coalition forces also supported Iraqi Kurdish militia, estimated to number upwards of 50,000. After approximately three weeks of fighting, Hussein and the Ba'ath Party were forcibly removed, followed by 9 years of military presence by the United States and the coalition fighting alongside the newly elected Iraqi government against various insurgent groups.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Qing dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "The Manchus sent Han Bannermen to fight against Koxinga's Ming loyalists in Fujian. The Qing carried out a massive depopulation policy and seaban forcing people to evacuated the coast in order to deprive Koxinga's Ming loyalists of resources, this has led to a myth that it was because Manchus were \"afraid of water\". In Fujian, it was Han Bannermen who were the ones carrying out the fighting and killing for the Qing and this disproved the entirely irrelevant claim that alleged fear of the water on part of the Manchus had to do with the coastal evacuation and seaban. Even though a poem refers to the soldiers carrying out massacres in Fujian as \"barbarian\", both Han Green Standard Army and Han Bannermen were involved in the fighting for the Qing side and carried out the worst slaughter. 400,000 Green Standard Army soldiers were used against the Three Feudatories besides 200,000 Bannermen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Battle of Suursaari",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Suursaari was fought over the frozen Gulf of Finland on and around the islands of Gogland () and Bolshoy Tyuters () during the Second World War. After sharp fighting the numerically superior Finnish forces captured Gogland and Bolshoy Tyuters, and later provided support for German forces defending Bolshoy Tyuters against Soviet counterattacks.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Romania in World War II",
"paragraph_text": "On 23 August 1944, with the Red Army penetrating German defenses during the Jassy -- Kishinev Offensive, King Michael I of Romania led a successful coup against the Axis with support from opposition politicians and most of the army. Michael I, who was initially considered to be not much more than a figurehead, was able to successfully depose the Antonescu dictatorship. The King then offered a non-confrontational retreat to German ambassador Manfred von Killinger. But the Germans considered the coup ``reversible ''and attempted to turn the situation around by military force. The Romanian First, Second (forming), and what little was left of the Third and the Fourth Armies (one corps) were under orders from the King to defend Romania against any German attacks. King Michael offered to put the Romanian Army, which at that point had a strength of nearly 1,000,000 men, on the side of the Allies. Surprisingly, with the Red Army occupying parts of Romania, Stalin immediately recognized the king and the restoration of the conservative Romanian monarchy. (Deutscher, Stalin. 1967, p. 519)",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who led the military group beaten by Warsaw and made it an effective fighting force?
|
[
{
"id": 42240,
"question": "What army did Warsaw successfully defend itself against?",
"answer": "Red Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 57062,
"question": "who led #1 and made it an effective fighting force",
"answer": "Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] |
Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky
|
[
"Mikhail Tukhachevsky"
] | true |
2hop__141183_256194
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": "Due to the ratio of U.S. and Mexican-licensed stations, San Diego is the largest media market in the United States that is legally unable to support a television station duopoly between two full-power stations under FCC regulations, which disallow duopolies in metropolitan areas with fewer than nine full-power television stations and require that there must be eight unique station owners that remain once a duopoly is formed (there are only seven full-power stations on the California side of the San Diego-Tijuana market).[citation needed] Though the E. W. Scripps Company owns KGTV and KZSD-LP, they are not considered a duopoly under the FCC's legal definition as common ownership between full-power and low-power television stations in the same market is permitted regardless to the number of stations licensed to the area. As a whole, the Mexico side of the San Diego-Tijuana market has two duopolies and one triopoly (Entravision Communications owns both XHAS-TV and XHDTV-TV, Azteca owns XHJK-TV and XHTIT-TV, and Grupo Televisa owns XHUAA-TV and XHWT-TV along with being the license holder for XETV-TV, which is run by California-based subsidiary Bay City Television).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "WNYW",
"paragraph_text": "WNYW, channel 5 (UHF digital channel 44), is the flagship station of the Fox Television Network, licensed to New York City and serving the New York City metropolitan area. WNYW is owned by the Fox Television Stations subsidiary of 21st Century Fox, and operates as part of a duopoly with WWOR - TV (channel 9). The two stations maintain studio facilities at the Fox Television Center in the Yorkville neighborhood of Manhattan, and its transmitter is atop the Empire State Building.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City was home to several pioneers in radio and television broadcasting. Oklahoma City's WKY Radio was the first radio station transmitting west of the Mississippi River and the third radio station in the United States. WKY received its federal license in 1921 and has continually broadcast under the same call letters since 1922. In 1928, WKY was purchased by E.K. Gaylord's Oklahoma Publishing Company and affiliated with the NBC Red Network; in 1949, WKY-TV (channel 4) went on the air and later became the first independently owned television station in the U.S. to broadcast in color. In mid-2002, WKY radio was purchased outright by Citadel Broadcasting, who was bought out by Cumulus Broadcasting in 2011. The Gaylord family earlier sold WKY-TV in 1976, which has gone through a succession of owners (what is now KFOR-TV is currently owned by Tribune Broadcasting as of December 2013).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "KKFS",
"paragraph_text": "KKFS (103.9 FM, \"The Fish\") is a radio station in Sacramento, California, United States. It currently plays Contemporary Christian music. The station is owned by the Salem Media Group, who also owns KFIA, KTKZ and KSAC-FM.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "The Tucson metro area is served by many local television stations and is the 68th largest designated market area (DMA) in the U.S. with 433,310 homes (0.39% of the total U.S.). It is limited to the three counties of southeastern Arizona (Pima, Santa Cruz, and Cochise) The major television networks serving Tucson are: KVOA 4 (NBC), KGUN 9 (ABC), KMSB-TV 11 (Fox), KOLD-TV 13 (CBS), KTTU 18 (My Network TV) and KWBA 58 (The CW). KUAT-TV 6 is a PBS affiliate run by the University of Arizona (as is sister station KUAS 27).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Mike Hambrick",
"paragraph_text": "Mike Hambrick (born in Mount Pleasant, Texas) is an American television anchor, reporter, and correspondent who has worked on network television stations such as WJLA-TV in Washington, D.C., WRC-TV in Washington, D.C., KTVT-TV in Dallas, KTAR-TV (now KPNX) in Phoenix, WPXI-TV in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and WBAL-TV in Baltimore in 1975. Hambrick was also a news anchor for WPXI-TV in Pittsburgh, where he also served as managing editor. He is an accomplished reporter who has won many awards, including the prestigious Edward R. Murrow Award for his work on a documentary in 1994 commemorating the 50th anniversary of the D-Day invasion during World War II. Hambrick was the voice of the Howard 100 News as lead anchor until Friday February 14, 2015, on \"SiriusXM's\" \"Howard 100 and \"Howard 101\", part of the \"Howard Stern Satellite Radio Network\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": "The Boston television DMA, which also includes Manchester, New Hampshire, is the 8th largest in the United States. The city is served by stations representing every major American network, including WBZ-TV and its sister station WSBK-TV (the former a CBS O&O, the latter an MyNetwork TV affiliate), WCVB-TV (ABC), WHDH (NBC), WFXT (Fox), and WLVI (The CW). The city is also home to PBS station WGBH-TV, a major producer of PBS programs, which also operates WGBX. Spanish-language television networks, including MundoFox (WFXZ-CD), Univision (WUNI), Telemundo (WNEU), and Telefutura (WUTF-DT), have a presence in the region, with WNEU and WUTF serving as network owned-and-operated stations. Most of the area's television stations have their transmitters in nearby Needham and Newton along the Route 128 corridor. Six Boston television stations are carried by Canadian satellite television provider Bell TV and by cable television providers in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Forticom",
"paragraph_text": "Forticom is an IT company based in Latvia. It was the owner of online social networks One.lv (Latvian) and One.lt (Lithuanian). 100% of Forticom is owned by Mail.ru Group. At this moment the company sold one.lt but the second project one.lv was closed in January 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Railtrack",
"paragraph_text": "Railtrack was a group of companies that owned the track, signalling, tunnels, bridges, level crossings and all but a handful of the stations of the British railway system from 1994 until 2002. It was created as part of the privatisation of British Rail, listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. In 2002, after experiencing major financial difficulty, most of Railtrack's operations were transferred to the state - controlled non-profit company Network Rail. The remainder of Railtrack was renamed RT Group plc and eventually dissolved on 22 June 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Blue Collar Solitude",
"paragraph_text": "Blue Collar Solitude is the first studio album by American band Kilgore (Smudge), released on November 7, 1995, through label Warner Bros. Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": "The major U.S. broadcast television networks have affiliates in the Oklahoma City market (ranked 41st for television by Nielsen and 48th for radio by Arbitron, covering a 34-county area serving the central, northern-central and west-central sections Oklahoma); including NBC affiliate KFOR-TV (channel 4), ABC affiliate KOCO-TV (channel 5), CBS affiliate KWTV-DT (channel 9, the flagship of locally based Griffin Communications), PBS station KETA-TV (channel 13, the flagship of the state-run OETA member network), Fox affiliate KOKH-TV (channel 25), CW affiliate KOCB (channel 34), independent station KAUT-TV (channel 43), MyNetworkTV affiliate KSBI-TV (channel 52), and Ion Television owned-and-operated station KOPX-TV (channel 62). The market is also home to several religious stations including TBN owned-and-operated station KTBO-TV (channel 14) and Norman-based Daystar owned-and-operated station KOCM (channel 46).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Big Blue Marble",
"paragraph_text": "Big Blue Marble was a half-hour children's television series that ran from 1974 to 1983 on numerous syndicated and PBS TV stations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Communications in Somalia",
"paragraph_text": "Additionally, Somalia has several private television networks, including Horn Cable Television and Universal TV. Two such TV stations re-broadcast Al-Jazeera and CNN. Eastern Television Network and SBC TV air from Bosaso, the commercial capital of Puntland. The Puntland and Somaliland regions also each have one government-run TV channel, Puntland TV and Radio and Somaliland National TV, respectively.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar",
"paragraph_text": "Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar also referred as Jalandhar Doordarshan is an Indian television station in Jalandhar, owned and operated by state-owned Doordarshan, the television network of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India). It was established in 1979, and now produces and broadcasts the 24-hour Punjabi language TV channel, DD Punjabi, which was launched in 1998 and covers most of the state of Punjab, India.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "WRVV",
"paragraph_text": "WRVV (97.3 FM, \"The River 97.3\") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to serve Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and broadcasts a classic rock format. The station's studios and offices are located at 600 Corporate Circle in Harrisburg. Its antenna is on the WHP-TV broadcast tower located on Blue Mountain in Susquehanna Township, Dauphin County at (). WRVV's slogan is \"Real. Rock. Variety.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The WB 100+ Station Group",
"paragraph_text": "The WB 100+ Station Group (originally called The WeB from its developmental stages until March 1999) is a defunct programming service operated by The WB Television Network – owned by the Warner Bros. Entertainment division of Time Warner, the Tribune Company and the group's founder, Jamie Kellner – comprising an affiliate group primarily made of non-broadcast local cable television outlets. Operating from September 21, 1998 to September 18, 2006, the service was intended for areas ranked below the top 100 Nielsen Media Research-designated television markets in the United States.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "CBC Television",
"paragraph_text": "Private CBC affiliates are not as common as they were in the past, as many such stations have been purchased either by the CBC itself or by Canwest Global or CHUM Limited, respectively becoming E! or A-Channel (later A, now CTV Two) stations. One private CBC affiliate, CHBC-TV in Kelowna, joined E! (then known as CH) on February 27, 2006. When a private CBC affiliate reaffiliates with another network, the CBC has normally added a retransmitter of its nearest O&O station to ensure that CBC service is continued. However, due to an agreement between CHBC and CFJC-TV in Kamloops, CFJC also disaffiliated from the CBC on February 27, 2006, but no retransmitters were installed in the licence area. Former private CBC affiliates CKPG-TV Prince George and CHAT-TV Medicine Hat disaffiliated on August 31, 2008 and joined E!, but the CBC announced it will not add new retransmitters to these areas. Incidentally, CFJC, CKPG and CHAT are all owned by an independent media company, Jim Pattison Group. With the closure of E! and other changes in the media landscape, several former CBC affiliates have since joined City or Global, or closed altogether.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "WMKT",
"paragraph_text": "WMKT (1270 AM) is a radio station licensed to Charlevoix, Michigan, broadcasting a talk radio format. The station broadcasts on 1270 AM as well as an FM translator on W272CR 102.3 (formerly 92.1) and streams online http://www.wmktthetalkstation.com/. The station features local programming from 7 to 10 am Eastern Time with Greg Marshall, whose first hour is also played on television station WLLZ, known on the air as MY TV 12, to tie in with their My Network TV affiliation. The other WMKT local program is hosted 10 am to noon by longtime TV and radio personality Vic McCarty. The rest of the station's lineup are from syndicated sources. The station is a Fox News Radio affiliate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Blue Collar TV",
"paragraph_text": "Blue Collar TV is a television program that aired on The WB with lead actors Jeff Foxworthy, Bill Engvall, and Larry the Cable Guy. The show's humor dealt principally with contemporary American society, and especially hillbilly, redneck, and Southern stereotypes. The show was greenlighted on the heels of the success of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour, which the series' three lead actors toured with in the early to mid-2000s. It was created by Fax Bahr and Adam Small, in addition to J.P. Williams and Jeff Foxworthy. Blue collar is a U.S. phrase used to describe manual laborers, as opposed to white collar for office or professional workers.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Willie Garson",
"paragraph_text": "William Garson Paszamant (born February 20, 1964) is an American actor. He has appeared in over 75 films, and more than 300 TV episodes. He is known for playing Stanford Blatch on the HBO series Sex and the City and in the related films Sex and the City and Sex and the City 2, and for his role as Mozzie, in the USA Network series White Collar from 2009 to 2014. He appears on Hawaii Five - 0 as Gerard Hirsch.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who owns the 100+ Station Group that shares its name with the network that plays Blue Collar TV?
|
[
{
"id": 141183,
"question": "Which network plays Blue Collar TV?",
"answer": "The WB",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 256194,
"question": "The #1 100+ Station Group >> owned by",
"answer": "Warner Bros.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] |
Warner Bros.
|
[
"WB"
] | true |
2hop__23787_641245
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Jehovah's Witnesses",
"paragraph_text": "The offices of elder and ministerial servant were restored to Witness congregations in 1972, with appointments made from headquarters (and later, also by branch committees). It was announced that, starting in September 2014, appointments would be made by traveling overseers. In a major organizational overhaul in 1976, the power of the Watch Tower Society president was diminished, with authority for doctrinal and organizational decisions passed to the Governing Body. Since Knorr's death in 1977, the position of president has been occupied by Frederick Franz (1977–1992) and Milton Henschel (1992–2000), both members of the Governing Body, and since 2000 by Don A. Adams, not a member of the Governing Body. In 1995, Jehovah's Witnesses abandoned the idea that Armageddon must occur during the lives of the generation that was alive in 1914 and in 2013 changed their teaching on the \"generation\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Proponents of affirmative action argue that by nature the system is not only race based, but also class and gender based. To eliminate two of its key components would undermine the purpose of the entire system. The African American Policy Forum believes that the class based argument is based on the idea that non-poor minorities do not experience racial and gender based discrimination. The AAPF believes that \"Race-conscious affirmative action remains necessary to address race-based obstacles that block the path to success of countless people of color of all classes\". The groups goes on to say that affirmative action is responsible for creating the African American middle class, so it does not make sense to say that the system only benefits the middle and upper classes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Mark Emmert",
"paragraph_text": "Before Emmert became president of the University of Washington, he was chancellor at Louisiana State University and held faculty and administration positions at the University of Connecticut, Montana State University, and University of Colorado.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The strides that the Johnson presidency made in ensuring equal opportunity in the workforce were further picked up by his successor Nixon. In 1969 the Nixon administration initiated the \"Philadelphia Order\". It was regarded as the most forceful plan thus far to guarantee fair hiring practices in construction jobs. Philadelphia was selected as the test case because, as Assistant Secretary of Labor Arthur Fletcher explained, \"The craft unions and the construction industry are among the most egregious offenders against equal opportunity laws . . . openly hostile toward letting blacks into their closed circle.\" The order included definite \"goals and timetables.\" As President Nixon asserted, \"We would not impose quotas, but would require federal contractors to show 'affirmative action' to meet the goals of increasing minority employment.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Juan Carlos Echeverry (politician)",
"paragraph_text": "He served as Colombia's Minister of Economic Planning from 2000 to 2002 and held the position of Dean of Economics at the University of the Andes from 2002-2006. He was appointed finance minister by Colombia's President-elect Juan Manuel Santos on June 22, 2010.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "There are a multitude of supporters as well as opponents to the policy of affirmative action. Many presidents throughout the last century have failed to take a very firm stance on the policy, and the public has had to discern the president's opinion for themselves. Bill Clinton, however, made his stance on affirmative action very clear in a speech on July 19, 1995, nearly two and a half years after his inauguration. In his speech, he discussed the history in the United States that brought the policy into fruition: slavery, Jim Crow, and segregation. Clinton also mentioned a point similar to President Lyndon B. Johnson's \"Freedom is not Enough\" speech, and declared that just outlawing discrimination in the country would not be enough to give everyone in America equality. He addressed the arguments that affirmative action hurt the white middle class and said that the policy was not the source of their problems. Clinton plainly outlined his stance on affirmative action, saying:",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Evan H. Caminker",
"paragraph_text": "Evan H. Caminker (born June 26, 1961, Los Angeles, California) is a Dean Emeritus of the University of Michigan Law School. As Dean, he succeeded Jeffrey S. Lehman, who resigned to become president of Cornell University. Caminker was appointed Dean just as the United States Supreme Court issued a landmark ruling upholding the constitutionality of the Law School's affirmative action admissions policies, which had been challenged in a lawsuit filed by the Center for Individual Rights.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "White House Chief of Staff",
"paragraph_text": "The duties of the White House chief of staff vary greatly from one administration to another and, in fact, there is no legal requirement that the president even fill the position. However, since at least 1979, all presidents have found the need for a chief of staff, who typically oversees the actions of the White House staff, manages the president's schedule, and decides who is allowed to meet with the president. Because of these duties, the chief of staff has at various times been labeled ``The Gatekeeper '', or`` the power behind the throne''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Arkansas Attorney General",
"paragraph_text": "The best-known Arkansas Attorney General is Bill Clinton, as he later became President of the United States; he was elected to the position in 1976 and served until he was elected governor in 1978. Other former attorneys general include Bruce Bennett, Joe Purcell, Ray Thornton, Jim Guy Tucker, Mark Pryor, Steve Clark and Mike Beebe. Until Rutledge took office, Democrats had held the office since Reconstruction.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": "The court, however, explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was \"not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions, as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances\". Slovenia has several streets and squares named after Tito, notably Tito Square in Velenje, incorporating a 10-meter statue.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Vice President of the United States",
"paragraph_text": "No mention of an office of vice president was made at the 1787 Constitutional Convention until near the end, when an 11 - member committee on ``Leftover Business ''proposed a method of electing the president and vice president, and recommended that the vice president succeed the executive in the event of a vacancy in that position, but would otherwise serve as the president of the Senate, casting a vote only to break a tie. Although delegates approved establishing the office, with both its executive and senatorial functions, not many understood the extent of the vice president's duties. Only a few states had an analogous position. Among those that did, New York's constitution provided that,`` The lieutenant - governor shall, by virtue of his office, be president of the Senate, and, upon an equal division, have a casting voice in their decisions, but not vote on any other occasion.''",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The National Conference of State Legislatures held in Washington D.C. stated in a 2014 overview that many supporters for affirmative action argue that policies stemming from affirmative action help to open doors for historically excluded groups in workplace settings and higher education. Workplace diversity has become a business management concept in which employers actively seek to promote an inclusive workplace. By valuing diversity, employers have the capacity to create an environment in which there is a culture of respect for individual differences as well as the ability to draw in talent and ideas from all segments of the population. By creating this diverse workforce, these employers and companies gain a competitive advantage in an increasingly global economy. According to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, many private sector employers have concluded that a diverse workforce makes a \"company stronger, more profitable, and a better place to work.\" Therefore, these diversity promoting policies are implemented for competitive reasons rather than as a response to discrimination, but have shown the value in having diversity.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The first time \"affirmative action\" is used by the federal government concerning race is in President John F. Kennedy's Executive Order 10925, which was chaired by Vice President Johnson. At Johnson's inaugural ball in Texas, he met with a young black lawyer, Hobart Taylor Jr., and gave him the task to co-author the executive order. He wanted a phrase that \"gave a sense of positivity to performance under the order.\" He was torn between the words \"positive action\" and \"affirmative action,\" and selected the later due to its alliterative quality. The term \"active recruitment\" started to be used as well. This order, albeit heavily worked up as a significant piece of legislation, in reality carried little actual power. The scope was limited to a couple hundred defense contractors, leaving nearly $7.5 billion in federal grants and loans unsupervised.:60",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "1995 Japanese Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": "The 1995 Japanese Grand Prix (formally the XXI Fuji Television Japanese Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held on 29 October 1995, at the Suzuka Circuit, Suzuka. It was the sixteenth and penultimate round of the 1995 Formula One season. The 53-lap race was won by Michael Schumacher for the Benetton team after he started from pole position. Mika Häkkinen finished second in a McLaren, and Johnny Herbert third in the other Benetton car.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Some opponents further claim that affirmative action has undesirable side-effects and that it fails to achieve its goals. They argue that it hinders reconciliation, replaces old wrongs with new wrongs, undermines the achievements of minorities, and encourages groups to identify themselves as disadvantaged, even if they are not. It may increase racial tension and benefit the more privileged people within minority groups at the expense of the disenfranchised within better-off groups (such as lower-class whites and Asians).There has recently been a strong push among American states to ban racial or gender preferences in university admissions, in reaction to the controversial and unprecedented decision in Grutter v. Bollinger. In 2006, nearly 60% of Michigan voters decided to ban affirmative action in university admissions. Michigan joined California, Florida, Texas, and Washington in banning the use of race or sex in admissions considerations. Some opponents believe, among other things, that affirmative action devalues the accomplishments of people who belong to a group it's supposed to help, therefore making affirmative action counter-productive. Furthermore, opponents of affirmative action claim that these policies dehumanize individuals and applicants to jobs or school are judged as members of a group without consideration for the individual person.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "A study in 2007 by Mark Long, an economics professor at the University of Washington, demonstrated that the alternatives of affirmative action proved ineffective in restoring minority enrollment in public flagship universities in California, Texas, and Washington. More specifically, apparent rebounds of minority enrollment can be explained by increasing minority enrollment in high schools of those states, and the beneficiaries of class-based (not race) affirmative action would be white students. At the same time, affirmative action itself is both morally and materially costly: 52 percent of white populace (compared to 14 percent of black) thought it should be abolished, implying white distaste of using racial identity, and full-file review is expected to cost the universities an additional $1.5 million to $2 million per year, excluding possible cost of litigation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "The first appearance of the term 'affirmative action' was in the National Labor Relations Act, better known as the Wagner Act, of 1935.:15 Proposed and championed by U.S. Senator Robert F. Wagner of New York, the Wagner Act was in line with President Roosevelt's goal of providing economic security to workers and other low-income groups. During this time period it was not uncommon for employers to blacklist or fire employees associated with unions. The Wagner Act allowed workers to unionize without fear of being discriminated against, and empowered a National Labor Relations Board to review potential cases of worker discrimination. In the event of discrimination, employees were to be restored to an appropriate status in the company through 'affirmative action'. While the Wagner Act protected workers and unions it did not protect minorities, who, exempting the Congress of Industrial Organizations, were often barred from union ranks.:11 This original coining of the term therefore has little to do with affirmative action policy as it is seen today, but helped set the stage for all policy meant to compensate or address an individual's unjust treatment.[citation needed]",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "Ideas for affirmative action came as early as the Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) in which a former slave population lacked the skills and resources for sustainable living. In 1865, General William Tecumseh Sherman proposed to divide the land and goods from Georgia and grant it to families of color which became the \"Forty acres and a mule\" policy. The proposal was never widely adopted due to strong political opposition. Nearly a century later (1950s-1960s), policies to assist classes of individuals reemerged during the Civil Rights Movement. The civil rights guarantees came through the interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The decisions came to be known as affirmative action in which mandatory, as well as voluntary programs, affirmed the civil rights of people of color. Furthermore, these affirmative action programs protected people of color from the present effects stemming from past discrimination. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy became the first to utilize the term \"affirmative action\" in Executive Order 10925 to ensure that government contractors \"take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin.\" This executive order realized the government's intent to create equal opportunities for all qualified people. This executive order was eventually amended and superseded by Lyndon B. Johnson's Executive Order 11246 which prevented discrimination based on race, color, religion, and national origin by organizations which received federal contracts and subcontracts. In 1967, the order was amended to include sex as well. The Reagan administration was opposed to the affirmative action requirements of Executive Order 11246, but these contemplated changes[which?] faced bi-partisan opposition in Congress.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "After the Nixon administration, advancements in affirmative action became less prevalent. \"During the brief Ford administration, affirmative action took a back seat, while enforcement stumbled along.\":145 Equal rights was still an important subject to many Americans, yet the world was changing and new issues were being raised. People began to look at affirmative action as a glorified issue of the past and now there were other areas that needed focus. \"Of all the triumphs that have marked this as America's Century –...none is more inspiring, if incomplete, than our pursuit of racial justice.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Affirmative action in the United States",
"paragraph_text": "In the 1960 presidential election, Democratic candidate and future President John F. Kennedy \"criticized President Eisenhower for not ending discrimination in federally supported housing\" and \"advocated a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission\".:59 Shortly after taking office, Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 in March 1961, requiring government contractors to \"consider and recommend additional affirmative steps which should be taken by executive departments and agencies to realize more fully the national policy of nondiscrimination…. The contractor will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin\".:60 The order also established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO), chaired by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Federal contractors who failed to comply or violated the executive order were punished by contract cancellation and the possible debarment from future government contracts. The administration was \"not demanding any special preference or treatment or quotas for minorities\" but was rather \"advocating racially neutral hiring to end job discrimination\".:61 Turning to issues of women's rights, Kennedy initiated a Commission on the Status of Women in December 1961. The commission was charged with \"examining employment policies and practices of the government and of contractors\" with regard to sex.:66",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What position was held by the president who made his stance on affirmative action clear in 1995?
|
[
{
"id": 23787,
"question": "Which President made their stance on affirmative action clear in 1995?",
"answer": "Bill Clinton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 641245,
"question": "#1 >> position held",
"answer": "Arkansas Attorney General",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] |
Arkansas Attorney General
|
[] | true |
2hop__349967_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Willard E. Pugh",
"paragraph_text": "Willard Earl Pugh (born June 16, 1959) is an American actor with numerous film and television credits. He has appeared in notable mainstream Hollywood films such as \"The Color Purple\" and \"Air Force One\" as well as genre films such as \"RoboCop 2\" and \"Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy\". In the latter film his excellence as an ensemble actor was specifically cited by PopMatters film critic Bill Gibron.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Andrey Dashkov",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Dashkov (; born Andrey Georgievich Dashkov, ; 28 January 1965) is a contemporary horror fiction writer which resides in Kharkiv, Ukraine, and writes in Russian. Genre of Dashkov's first novels may be defined as dark fantasy. His last novels and short stories usually carry the outward conventions of the horror fiction genre, but include elements of dystopia and mysticism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "We Are the Champions",
"paragraph_text": "``We Are the Champions ''Single by Queen from the album News of the World B - side`` We Will Rock You'' Released 7 October 1977 Format 7 - inch single Recorded 1977 Genre Rock Length 2: 59 Label EMI (UK) Elektra (US) Songwriter (s) Freddie Mercury Producer (s) Queen, assisted by Mike ``Clay ''Stone Queen singles chronology`` Long Away'' (1977) ``We Are the Champions ''(1977)`` Spread Your Wings'' (1978) ``Long Away ''(1977)`` We Are the Champions / We Will Rock You'' (1977) ``Spread Your Wings ''(1978) Audio sample file help",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Trebol Clan",
"paragraph_text": "Trebol Clan was a reggaeton group from Puerto Rico, introduced in the genre by DJ Joe. Trebol Clan is well known in the genre of Reggaeton. Formed by Periquito, Omar & Berto, Trebol Clan has been featured in Don Omar’s The Last Don and Los Bandoleros, Luny Tunes's Mas Flow 2 and have released one CD in the genre named Los Bacatranes. When they had their own label, they released an even greater production named (2008).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Hawk Nelson",
"paragraph_text": "Dunn's departure from the band, with Steingard replacing him on vocals marked the shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to a softer, contemporary alternative pop rock. On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services. \"Made\" was released on April 2, 2013. The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, \"Words\", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No. 1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Ayerdhal",
"paragraph_text": "Yal Ayerdhal (26 January 195927 October 2015) was a French thriller and science fiction writer from Lyon. His later work preferred the thriller genre; \"Transparences\", \"Resurgences\" and \"Rainbow Warriors\" play with various genres. \"Rainbow Warriors\" (published at the end of May 2013) flirts with political fiction with most protagonists being LGTBQ. He received the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in 2004 for \"Transparences\" and in 1993 for his novel \"Demain une oasis\". He is considered one of the leading names in both genres. He shared the Prix Tour Eiffel with co-author Jean-Claude Dunyach for their 1999 novel \"Étoiles mourantes\". He also received an award for his novel \"Parleur ou les chroniques d'un rêve enclavé\" and two for \"Transparences\", a thriller. He also received the Cyrano award for lifetime achievement in the service of genre fiction and its actors.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Post-punk",
"paragraph_text": "Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Guinea-Bissau",
"paragraph_text": "The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Scream (Kelis song)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Scream\" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelis, taken from her fifth studio album, \"Flesh Tone\", written by Kelis and Jean Baptiste, and co-written and produced by David Guetta and El Tocadisco. It was released in October 2010, as the album's third single by will.i.am music, to coincide with the European leg of the Kelis' All Hearts tour. It was mainly met with positive reception from music critics, who praised the song's genre-shifting production and the empowering message in Kelis' lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Vaï",
"paragraph_text": "Adil Takhssait, better known by his stage names Vaï, also Mélo or Mélopsy, is a Canadian rap and hip hop musician of Moroccan origin. Adil Takhssait was born 24 April 1979 in Paris, France, in a Moroccan family and immigrated to Canada in 1993, and established himself in Montreal. He is an author, composer and performer. He is signed to K.Pone.Inc record label.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] |
What is credited from Kanye's shift away from the genre Adil Takhssait is known for?
|
[
{
"id": 349967,
"question": "Adil Takhssait >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__142357_20122
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Big B (rapper)",
"paragraph_text": "Bryan Mahoney, best known by his stage name, Big B, is an American rapper currently signed with Suburban Noize Records as a solo artist. Along with John E. Necro, he performs vocals in the rap rock band OPM, which is also signed with Subnoize.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "That Lady (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``That Lady ''is a 1973 R&B and soul song by The Isley Brothers, released on their T - Neck imprint. The song was originally performed by the group nearly a decade before in 1964 (released as`` Who's That Lady?'') inspired by The Impressions. After signing with Epic Records in 1973, the eldest members of the group (O'Kelly Isley, Jr., Rudolph Isley and Ronald Isley) had included younger members, guitarist Ernie Isley, bassist Marvin Isley and keyboardist / pianist Chris Jasper, as official members. In a response to this transformation, the group gave themselves the moniker of 3 + 3, describing the three original vocalists in the group and three recruited instrumentalists, inspiring the album title that came out that year. They performed the song on Soul Train on December 14, 1974.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "The Danleers",
"paragraph_text": "The Danleers was an American doo-wop group formed in Brooklyn, New York in 1958. The group's original and most famous lineup consisted of Jimmy Weston, Johnny Lee, Willie Ephraim, Nat McCune, and Roosevelt Mays. One of many streetcorner vocal groups in Brooklyn, they rose to prominence in 1958 on the strength of the single \"One Summer Night\", written by their manager, Danny Webb, who also named the group. The single was one of the biggest hits of that year and sold over one million copies. Further releases were not so successful and the group mostly dissolved by the mid-1960s. It continued to tour for several decades with Weston as the main original member.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Kat Nestel",
"paragraph_text": "Katherine \"Kat\" Nestel (born April 3, 1990) is an American recording artist and songwriter. In June 2013 she signed with management company 1916 MGMT, and soon after she signed a publishing deal with BMG Chrysalis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Tri-City, Oregon",
"paragraph_text": "Tri-City (or Tri City) is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Douglas County, Oregon, United States. The population was 3,931 at the 2010 census. The community in Missouri Bottom near the Umpqua River is named for the three cities among which it is centered: Myrtle Creek, Canyonville and Riddle. The Tri City School District probably originated the name, which was later adopted by the local sewer district and the former Tri City State Airport (now known as the Myrtle Creek Municipal Airport).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Alvin and the Chipmunks",
"paragraph_text": "Alvin and the Chipmunks, originally David Seville and the Chipmunks or simply The Chipmunks, is an American animated music group created by Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., for a novelty record in 1958. The group consists of three singing animated anthropomorphic chipmunks: Alvin, the mischievous troublemaker, who quickly became the star of the group; Simon, the tall, bespectacled intellectual; and Theodore, the chubby, impressionable one. The trio is managed by their human adoptive father, David (Dave) Seville. In reality, ``David Seville ''was Bagdasarian's stage name, and the Chipmunks themselves are named after the executives of their original record label. The characters became a success, and the singing Chipmunks and their manager were given life in several animated cartoon productions, using redrawn, anthropomorphic chipmunks, and eventually films.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirmed that the band's new deal was with Island Records, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. For the first time since the late 1980s, Queen's catalogue will have the same distributor worldwide, as their current North American label—Hollywood Records—is currently distributed by Universal (for a time in the late 1980s, Queen was on EMI-owned Capitol Records in the US).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Trident Studios contract and searched for new management. One of the options they considered was an offer from Led Zeppelin's manager, Peter Grant. Grant wanted them to sign with Led Zeppelin's own production company, Swan Song Records. The band found the contract unacceptable and instead contacted Elton John's manager, John Reid, who accepted the position.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1982, the band released the album Hot Space, a departure from their trademark seventies sound, this time being a mixture of rock, pop rock, dance, funk, and R&B. Most of the album was recorded in Munich during the most turbulent period in the band's history, and Taylor and May lamented the new sound, with both being very critical of the influence Mercury's personal manager Paul Prenter had on the singer. May was also scathing of Prenter, who was Mercury's manager from the early 1980s to 1984, for being dismissive of the importance of radio stations, such as the US networks, and their vital connection between the artist and the community, and for denying them access to Mercury. The band stopped touring North America after their Hot Space Tour, as their success there had waned, although they would perform on American television for the only time during the eighth season premiere of Saturday Night Live. Queen left Elektra Records, their label in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, and signed onto EMI/Capitol Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Epicœne, or The Silent Woman",
"paragraph_text": "Epicœne, or The Silent Woman, also known as Epicene, is a comedy by Renaissance playwright Ben Jonson. The play is about a man named Dauphine who creates a scheme to get his inheritance from his uncle Morose. The plan involves setting Morose up to marry Epicoene, a boy disguised as a woman. It was originally performed by the Blackfriars Children, or Children of the Queen's Revels, a group of boy players, in 1609. Excluding its two prologues, the play is written entirely in prose.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Alvin and the Chipmunks",
"paragraph_text": "Alvin and the Chipmunks, originally David Seville and the Chipmunks or simply The Chipmunks, is an American animated music group created by Ross Bagdasarian Sr. for a novelty record in 1958. The group consists of three singing animated anthropomorphic chipmunks: Alvin, the mischievous troublemaker, who quickly became the star of the group; Simon, the tall, bespectacled intellectual; and Theodore (Jessica), the chubby, impressionable one. The trio is managed by their human adoptive father, David (Dave) Seville. In reality, ``David Seville ''was Bagdasarian's stage name, and the Chipmunks themselves are named after the executives of their original record label. The characters became a success, and the singing Chipmunks and their manager were given life in several animated cartoon productions, using redrawn, anthropomorphic chipmunks, and eventually films.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Robert Hart (musician)",
"paragraph_text": "Robert Hart (born 1 November 1958, Bournemouth, Dorset) is a British rock vocalist and songwriter. He is currently the lead singer of Manfred Mann's Earth Band and the band Diesel. He has performed as a solo artist, and with The Distance and also with former Whitesnake members in the band called Company of Snakes and with Bad Company. He also fronted The Jones Gang, a rock group formed by Hart, Rick Wills and Kenney Jones. He now performs as a solo artist as well as touring with his own band XBad Company, with Dave \"Bucket\" Colwell and Garry \"Harry\" James (ex-members of Bad Company). He was the first English writer to be signed to Disney owned Hollywood Records. He has also written several Number 1 hits, and written a number of songs for film soundtracks, whilst being signed to Roy Orbison's Still Working Music, Disney's Hollywood Records, and Island Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Simplemente (El Tri album)",
"paragraph_text": "Simplemente (Simply) (1984) is the sixteenth studio album by the band originally known as Three Souls in My Mind and the first one as El Tri. The name come as a direct reference from the way the fans called the band \"tri\" is the way \"Three\" sounds in Spanish, hence Simply The Tri.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Queen are one of the most bootlegged bands ever, according to Nick Weymouth, who manages the band's official website. A 2001 survey discovered the existence of 12,225 websites dedicated to Queen bootlegs, the highest number for any band. Bootleg recordings have contributed to the band's popularity in certain countries where Western music is censored, such as Iran. In a project called Queen: The Top 100 Bootlegs, many of these have been made officially available to download for a nominal fee from Queen's website, with profits going to the Mercury Phoenix Trust. Rolling Stone ranked Queen at number 52 on its list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\", while ranking Mercury the 18th greatest singer, and May the twenty-sixth greatest guitarist. Queen were named 13th on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock list, and in 2010 were ranked 17th on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list. In 2012, Gigwise readers named Queen the best band of past 60 years.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Edsels",
"paragraph_text": "The Edsels were an American doo-wop group active during the late 1950s and early 1960s. The name of the group was originally The Essos, after the oil company, but was changed to match the new Ford automobile, the Edsel. They recorded over 25 songs and had multiple performances on Dick Clark's \"American Bandstand\". The Edsels were one of the few doo-wop groups to sign with a major record label, as most groups of that era found success with small independent labels; before their national hit \"Rama Lama Ding Dong\", songs like \"What Brought Us Together\", \"Bone Shaker Joe\" and \"Do You Love Me\" helped the group land a major recording contract with Capitol Records in 1961.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "In the Evening",
"paragraph_text": "\"In the Evening\" is the first song on Led Zeppelin's 1979 album \"In Through the Out Door\". Guitarist Jimmy Page uses a Gizmotron to create the droning effects and sliding solo at the beginning of the song.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Queen Maud Mountains",
"paragraph_text": "The Queen Maud Mountains are a major group of mountains, ranges and subordinate features of the Transantarctic Mountains, lying between the Beardmore and Reedy Glaciers and including the area from the head of the Ross Ice Shelf to the Antarctic Plateau in Antarctica. Captain Roald Amundsen and his South Pole party ascended Axel Heiberg Glacier near the central part of this group in November 1911, naming these mountains for the Norwegian queen Maud of Wales. Despite the name, they are not located within Queen Maud Land.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "In 1972, Queen entered discussions with Trident Studios after being spotted at De La Lane Studios by John Anthony and after discussions were offered a management deal by Norman Sheffield under Neptune Productions, a subsidiary of Trident to manage the band and enable them to use the facilities at Trident to record new material whilst the management search for a record label to sign Queen. This suited both parties at the time as Trident were expanding into management and Queen under the deal were able to make use of the hi-tech recording facilities shared by bands at the time such as the Beatles and Elton John to produce new material. However, Trident found it difficult to find a label for a band bearing a name with such connotation during the early 1970s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "56 Group Wales",
"paragraph_text": "The 56 Group Wales () is an artists' organisation founded in Wales in 1956, with the aim of promoting Welsh Modernist art and artists. The name was originally simply the 56 Group: \"Wales\" was added in 1967, in response to a feeling that the organisation's \"Welsh origins ought to be re-affirmed\". The Welsh-language version of the name was first used on publicity in 1976.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "List of artists under the Avex Group",
"paragraph_text": "This is a list of artists currently or formerly signed under the Avex Group and its sub-labels in Japan and in other Asian countries. International artists that may be listed here have their music distributed in Japan by Avex Group or its sub-labels.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What manager of the original performer of In the Evening tried to sign Queen?
|
[
{
"id": 142357,
"question": "What is the name of the artist or group which originally performed In the Evening?",
"answer": "Led Zeppelin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 20122,
"question": "What manager of #1 tried to sign Queen?",
"answer": "Peter Grant",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] |
Peter Grant
|
[] | true |
2hop__722886_57673
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Harvester of Sorrow",
"paragraph_text": "\"Harvester of Sorrow\" is a song by the American heavy metal band Metallica. It was released as the first single from their fourth studio album, \"...And Justice for All\" (1988). The song debuted at a live performance prior to the release of \"...And Justice for All\" while on the summer Monsters of Rock Tour in 1988 with Van Halen, Scorpions, Dokken and Kingdom Come.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Robert Hart (musician)",
"paragraph_text": "Robert Hart (born 1 November 1958, Bournemouth, Dorset) is a British rock vocalist and songwriter. He is currently the lead singer of Manfred Mann's Earth Band and the band Diesel. He has performed as a solo artist, and with The Distance and also with former Whitesnake members in the band called Company of Snakes and with Bad Company. He also fronted The Jones Gang, a rock group formed by Hart, Rick Wills and Kenney Jones. He now performs as a solo artist as well as touring with his own band XBad Company, with Dave \"Bucket\" Colwell and Garry \"Harry\" James (ex-members of Bad Company). He was the first English writer to be signed to Disney owned Hollywood Records. He has also written several Number 1 hits, and written a number of songs for film soundtracks, whilst being signed to Roy Orbison's Still Working Music, Disney's Hollywood Records, and Island Records.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Van Halen discography",
"paragraph_text": "As of 2007, Van Halen has sold 75 million albums worldwide and have had thirteen No. 1 hits on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart. During the 1980s they also had more Billboard Hot 100 hits than any other hard rock or heavy metal band. According to the RIAA, Van Halen is the nineteenth best - selling band / artist of all time with sales of over 56 million albums in the US, and is one of five rock bands that have had two albums (Van Halen and 1984) sell more than ten million copies in the US.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)",
"paragraph_text": "``I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles) ''is a song written and performed by Scottish duo The Proclaimers, and first released as the lead single from their 1988 album Sunshine on Leith. The song reached number 11 in the UK Singles Chart on its initial release, and it has since become their most popular song worldwide, initially becoming a number 1 hit in Iceland, before reaching number 1 in both Australia and New Zealand in early 1989.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Seer (band)",
"paragraph_text": "The band had a long string of album releases many reaching number 1 on the Austrian official charts. The band also had a number of hit singles. It won the Amadeus Austrian Music Award in the category Group Pop / Rock in 2003 followed in 2009, with another Amadeus Award win in the Schlager category.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Tonight She Comes",
"paragraph_text": "\"Tonight She Comes\" is a 1985 song by American rock band The Cars, from their \"Greatest Hits\" album. It was released as a single in October 1985, reaching Number #7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in January 1986. The song reached Number #1 on the Top Rock Tracks charts, where it stayed for three weeks.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "When It's Love",
"paragraph_text": "\"When It's Love\" is a power ballad by the American rock band Van Halen. It was released as a single from their album \"OU812\". It was the most popular song from that album, hitting #1 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock charts and #5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. The song has been a live performance staple since it was released in 1988. The song was also included in the set list for the band's ill-fated 1998 tour with Gary Cherone. Eddie has stated that this particular guitar solo is a nod to Eric Clapton.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Monsters of Rock Tour 1988",
"paragraph_text": "The Monsters of Rock Tour 1988 was a festival tour headlined by hard rock band Van Halen as part of their promotion for their \"OU812\" album. The Scorpions were a co-headliner. Opening bands included Metallica, Dokken, and Kingdom Come. It formed the first section of the OU812 Tour, the main part of which followed immediately after Monsters of Rock 1988. As one of the many well-known Monsters of Rock tours, the tour featured an impressive line-up, especially for a single-day event, and proved very popular.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "The House of the Rising Sun",
"paragraph_text": "``The House of the Rising Sun ''is a traditional folk song, sometimes called`` Rising Sun Blues''. It tells of a life gone wrong in New Orleans; many versions also urge a sibling to avoid the same fate. The most successful commercial version, recorded in 1964 by British rock group the Animals, was a number one hit on the UK Singles Chart and also in the United States and France. As a traditional folk song recorded by an electric rock band, it has been described as the ``first folk - rock hit ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "It's Still Rock and Roll to Me",
"paragraph_text": "``It's Still Rock and Roll to Me ''is a hit 1980 song performed by Billy Joel, from the hit album Glass Houses. The song was number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts for two weeks, from July 19 through August 1, 1980. The song spent 11 weeks in the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100 and was the 7th biggest hit of 1980 according to American Top 40. The song is an examination of the themes of a musician's degrading fame and public tastes that were expressed in his 1975 hit`` The Entertainer''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Gemini Dream",
"paragraph_text": "\"Gemini Dream\" is a 1981 single by the progressive rock band The Moody Blues. It reached number 12 on the US Hot 100, as well as number 1 on the Canada \"RPM\" Top 100 Singles chart. It is ranked as the 28th biggest Canadian hit of 1981.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Let There Be Love (1993 Joni James album)",
"paragraph_text": "\"Let There Be Love\" was an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The House of the Rising Sun",
"paragraph_text": "``The House of the Rising Sun ''is a traditional folk song, sometimes called`` Rising Sun Blues''. It tells of a life gone wrong in New Orleans; many versions also urge a sibling to avoid the same fate. The most successful commercial version, recorded in 1964 by British rock group the Animals, was a number one hit on the UK Singles Chart and also in the United States and France. As a traditional folk song recorded by an electric rock band, it has been described as the ``first folk rock hit ''.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Lady Gaga",
"paragraph_text": "In 2009, Gaga spent a record 150 weeks on the UK Singles Chart and became the most downloaded female act in a year in the US, with 11.1 million downloads sold, earning an entry in the \"Guinness Book of World Records\". \"The Fame\" and \"The Fame Monster\" together have since sold more than 15 million copies worldwide. This success allowed Gaga to start her second worldwide concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour, and release \"The Remix\", her final record with Cherrytree Records and among the best-selling remix albums of all time. The Monster Ball Tour ran from November 2009 to May 2011 and grossed $227.4 million, making it the highest-grossing concert tour for a debut headlining artist. Concerts performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City were filmed for an HBO television special, \"\". Gaga also performed songs from her albums at the 2009 Royal Variety Performance, the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, and the 2010 BRIT Awards. Before Michael Jackson's death, Gaga was set to take part in his canceled This Is It concert series at the O Arena in the UK.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "You're No Good",
"paragraph_text": "``You're No Good ''is a song written by Clint Ballard, Jr., first performed by Dee Dee Warwick for Jubilee Records in 1963 with production by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller. It has since been covered by many artists, including charting versions by Betty Everett in 1963, The Swinging Blue Jeans in 1964, and Linda Ronstadt in 1975, whose version was a number 1 hit in the United States.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "If It Makes You Happy",
"paragraph_text": "``If It Makes You Happy ''is the lead single from Sheryl Crow's 1996 eponymous album. The song peaked at number ten on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the US. The track won Best Female Rock Vocal Performance at the 1997 Grammy Awards. The song ties with her hit,`` My Favorite Mistake'', as her third highest - charting single in the UK, reaching number nine on the UK Singles Chart. It also peaked at No. 1 in Canada and was her second No. 1 hit on the Canadian Hot AC chart.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "I Am the Walrus",
"paragraph_text": "``I Am the Walrus ''is a song by the Beatles released in November 1967. It was featured in the Beatles' television film Magical Mystery Tour in December of that year, as a track on the associated British double EP of the same name and its American counterpart LP, and was the B - side to the number 1 hit single`` Hello, Goodbye''. Since the single and the double EP held at one time in December 1967 the top two slots on the British singles chart, the song had the distinction of being at number 1 and number 2 simultaneously.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Touring Band 2000",
"paragraph_text": "Touring Band 2000 is the second DVD release by the American alternative rock band Pearl Jam, culled from performances from the North American legs of the band's 2000 Binaural Tour. It was released on VHS and DVD on May 1, 2001.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Dire Straits",
"paragraph_text": "After the Brothers in Arms tour ended Mark Knopfler took a break from Dire Straits and during 1987 he concentrated on solo projects and film soundtracks. Dire Straits regrouped in 1988 for the Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute concert staged on 11 June 1988 at Wembley Stadium, in which they were the headline act. They were joined for their set by Eric Clapton who performed his hit \"Wonderful Tonight\" with the group and played rhythm guitar on the other songs performed by the band, while guitarist Jack Sonni was absent. Soon afterwards, Williams left the band.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Cherry Pie (Warrant song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Cherry Pie ''is a song by the American rock band Warrant. It was released in September 1990 as the lead single from the album of the same name. The song became a Top Ten hit on the Billboard Hot 100, reaching number 10 and also reached number 19 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks. The song has been cited by many as a`` rock anthem''. In 2009, it was named the 56th best hard rock song of all time by VH1.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
How many number 1 hits did the performer of Monsters of Rock Tour 1988 have?
|
[
{
"id": 722886,
"question": "Monsters of Rock Tour 1988 >> performer",
"answer": "Van Halen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 57673,
"question": "how many number 1 hits did #1 have",
"answer": "thirteen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] |
thirteen
|
[] | true |
2hop__475272_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Shadow of the Colossus (2018 video game)",
"paragraph_text": "Shadow of the Colossus Developer (s) Bluepoint Games Publisher (s) Sony Interactive Entertainment Composer (s) Kow Otani Platform (s) PlayStation 4 Release NA: February 6, 2018 PAL: February 7, 2018 JP: February 8, 2018 Genre (s) Action - adventure Mode (s) Single - player",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Hybrid Heaven",
"paragraph_text": "Hybrid Heaven is a video game developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Osaka and released for the Nintendo 64 in 1999. This game is most notable for its peculiar mix of genres: it has aspects of both role-playing video games and action-adventure games. The designers had hoped to create a \"new style RPG battle system\". It is also one of the few Nintendo 64 titles to support a widescreen mode.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Age of Empires II",
"paragraph_text": "Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings PC box cover Developer (s) Ensemble Studios Publisher (s) Microsoft (Win, Mac) Konami (PS2) Designer (s) Bruce Shelley Programmer (s) Angelo Laudon Artist (s) Brad Crow Scott Winsett Composer (s) Stephen Rippy Series Age of Empires Engine Genie Engine Platform (s) Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, PlayStation 2 Release September 30, 1999 (show) Windows, Mac OS NA: September 30, 1999 PlayStation 2 NA: November 2, 2001 HD Edition WW: April 9, 2013 Genre (s) Real - time strategy Mode (s) Single - player, multiplayer",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "NBA 2K19",
"paragraph_text": "NBA 2K19 Cover art featuring Giannis Antetokounmpo Developer (s) Visual Concepts Publisher (s) 2K Sports Series NBA 2K Platform (s) Microsoft Windows Nintendo Switch PlayStation 4 Xbox One Android iOS Release WW: September 11, 2018 Genre (s) Sports Mode (s) Single - player, multiplayer",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Paladins (video game)",
"paragraph_text": "Paladins: Champions of the Realm Developer (s) Hi - Rez Studios Publisher (s) Hi - Rez Studios Engine Unreal Engine 3 Platform (s) Microsoft Windows PlayStation 4 Xbox One macOS Release September 16, 2016 Genre (s) First - person shooter Mode (s) Multiplayer",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Jean Frémon",
"paragraph_text": "Jean Frémon (born 1946 in Paris) is a French gallerist and writer. His written work spans and fuses genres, and contributed importantly to a trans-genre tendency in contemporary French letters. Working principally in the modes of ekphrasis, art criticism, literary commentary, narrative, and poetry, Frémon is perhaps unique in his fusion of late 20th century experimentalisms with the deeply rooted French tradition of \"belles lettres\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds",
"paragraph_text": "PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds Developer (s) PUBG Corporation Publisher (s) PUBG Corporation (Windows) Microsoft Studios (Xbox One) Tencent Games (mobile) Director (s) Brendan Greene Producer (s) Chang - han Kim Designer (s) Brendan Greene Composer (s) Tom Salta Engine Unreal Engine 4 Platform (s) Microsoft Windows Xbox One Android iOS Release Microsoft Windows WW: December 20, 2017 Xbox One WW: December 12, 2017 Android, iOS CHN: February 9, 2018 WW: March 19, 2018 Genre (s) Battle royale Mode (s) Multiplayer",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Sea of Thieves",
"paragraph_text": "Sea of Thieves Developer (s) Rare Publisher (s) Microsoft Studios Engine Unreal Engine 4 Platform (s) Windows, Xbox One Release 20 March 2018 Genre (s) Action - adventure Mode (s) Multiplayer",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Fortnite",
"paragraph_text": "A standalone mode, Fortnite Battle Royale, based on the battle royale game genre but based on the core Fortnite gameplay, was released for the same platforms in September 2017.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Mode 9",
"paragraph_text": "Babatunde Olusegun Adewale(born June 14, 1975), popularly known by his stage name Modenine, is an English-born Nigerian rapper.In 2014, he released a song titled \"Super Human\" with Jamaican-American rapper Canibus.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The Sims Mobile",
"paragraph_text": "The Sims Developer (s) Maxis EA Mobile Publisher (s) Electronic Arts Series The Sims Platform (s) iOS, Android Release Brazil: May 9, 2017 Worldwide: March 6, 2018 Genre (s) Life simulation game, God game Mode (s) Single - player, multiplayer",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Kanye is credited for the shift away from what genre of music shared by Mode 9?
|
[
{
"id": 475272,
"question": "Mode 9 >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__568612_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Jedi Mind Tricks",
"paragraph_text": "JMT has collaborations with both regional MCs and rap veterans, including GZA, Kool G Rap, 7L & Esoteric, Sean Price, Ras Kass, Canibus, Percee P, Killah Priest, Immortal Technique, Block McCloud, Virtuoso, Louis Logic, R.A. the Rugged Man, Tragedy Khadafi, Chief Kamachi, Necro and Ill Bill. The group has sold over 250,000 albums in the United States and 450,000 albums worldwide, all of which were released independently.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Big Freedia",
"paragraph_text": "Freddie Ross (born on January 28, 1978) is an American musician best known by the stage name Big Freedia ( ) and for work in the New Orleans genre of hip hop called bounce music. Freedia has been credited with helping popularize the genre, which was largely underground since developing in the early 1990s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Blood and Ashes",
"paragraph_text": "Blood and Ashes is the debut album by hip hop duo OuterSpace, released on July 27, 2004 by Babygrande Records. The Album features collaborations by Jedi Mind Tricks member Vinnie Paz, Immortal Technique, Sadat X from Brand Nubian and fellow A.O.T.P. members 7L & Esoteric, Celph Titled, Des Devious & King Syze.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Legacy of Blood",
"paragraph_text": "Legacy of Blood is the fourth album from hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks, released in August 2004 on Babygrande Records. Album guests include Killah Priest, GZA, Des Devious, and Sean Price.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mind Your Own Business (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Mind Your Own Business ''Single by Hank Williams B - side`` There'll Be No Teardrops Tonight'' Released July 1949 Recorded March 1, 1949 Studio Castle Studio, Nashville Genre Country, blues, rock and roll Length 2: 47 Label MGM Songwriter (s) Hank Williams Producer (s) Fred Rose Hank Williams singles chronology ``Wedding Bells ''(1949)`` Mind Your Own Business'' (1949) ``You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave) ''(1949)`` Wedding Bells'' (1949) ``Mind Your Own Business ''(1949)`` You're Gonna Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave)'' (1949)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "If You Could Read My Mind",
"paragraph_text": "``If You Could Read My Mind ''Single by Gordon Lightfoot from the album Sit Down Young Stranger B - side`` Poor Little Allison'' Released December 1970 Recorded 1970 Genre Soft rock, Folk rock Length 3: 48 Label Reprise Songwriter (s) Gordon Lightfoot Producer (s) Lenny Waronker and Joseph Wissert Gordon Lightfoot singles chronology ``Approaching Lavender ''(1970)`` If You Could Read My Mind'' (1970) ``This Is My Song ''(1971)`` Approaching Lavender'' (1970) ``If You Could Read My Mind ''(1970)`` This Is My Song'' (1971)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Make You Feel My Love",
"paragraph_text": "``Make You Feel My Love ''Single by Bob Dylan from the album Time Out of Mind Released September 30, 1997 Recorded January 1997 Genre Blues rock Length 3: 32 Label Columbia Songwriter (s) Bob Dylan Producer (s) Daniel Lanois",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "God's Fury",
"paragraph_text": "God's Fury is the third studio album from the hip hop duo OuterSpace, released on September 30, 2008, by Babygrande Records. The album features collaborations by Jedi Mind Tricks member Vinnie Paz, Sick Jacken & Cynic of Psycho Realm, and fellow A.O.T.P. members Doap Nixon, Reef The Lost Cauze, Des Devious, King Syze, Celph Titled, and Chief Kamachi.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "To Be with You",
"paragraph_text": "``To Be with You ''Single by Mr. Big from the album Lean into It B - side`` Green - Tinted Sixties Mind'' Released December, 1991 (US) Format Cassette, CD single, CD maxi, 7 ''single Recorded 1990 Rumbo Recorders, Canoga Park, CA Cherokee Studios, Hollywood, CA Genre Soft rock Length 3: 27 Label Atlantic Songwriter (s) Eric Martin, David Grahame Producer (s) Kevin Elson Mr. Big singles chronology ``Green - Tinted Sixties Mind'' (1991)`` To Be with You ''(1991) ``Just Take My Heart'' (1992)`` Green - Tinted Sixties Mind ''(1991) ``To Be with You'' (1991)`` Just Take My Heart ''(1992)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Bob Kames",
"paragraph_text": "Bob Kames (April 21, 1925 – April 9, 2008) was an American musician who specialized in genres such as polka. Kames is credited with developing and popularizing the modern-day version of the song \"Dance Little Bird,\" which is much better known by its more common name, The Chicken Dance. Kames is a member of the Wisconsin Area Music Industry's Hall of Fame.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Soul Track Mind",
"paragraph_text": "Soul Track Mind is an American band from Austin, Texas with a sound that blends soul, r&b, rock, funk, blues, and jazz. The band has been cited, along with acts such as Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings and Mayer Hawthorne, as influential in the contemporary reemergence and retooling of the soul music genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Queen (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Queen composed music that drew inspiration from many different genres of music, often with a tongue-in-cheek attitude. The genres they have been associated with include progressive rock, symphonic rock, art rock, glam rock, hard rock, heavy metal, pop rock, and psychedelic rock. Queen also wrote songs that were inspired by diverse musical styles which are not typically associated with rock groups, such as opera, music hall, folk music, gospel, ragtime, and dance/disco. Several Queen songs were written with audience participation in mind, such as \"We Will Rock You\" and \"We Are the Champions\". Similarly, \"Radio Ga Ga\" became a live favourite because it would have \"crowds clapping like they were at a Nuremberg rally\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What genre shared by Jedi Mind Tricks is Kanye credired for moving away from?
|
[
{
"id": 568612,
"question": "Jedi Mind Tricks >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__844291_2702
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Put On",
"paragraph_text": "``Put On ''Single by Young Jeezy featuring Kanye West from the album The Recession Released June 3, 2008 (2008 - 06 - 03) Format CD digital download Recorded 2008 Genre Hip hop Length 5: 21 (album version) 4: 19 (radio edit) 4: 46 (video version) Label Corporate Thugz Def Jam Songwriter (s) Jay Jenkins Kanye West Producer (s) Drumma Boy Young Jeezy singles chronology`` Dreamin ''' (2007) Dreamin'2007 ``Put On ''(2008) Put On2008`` Out Here Grindin'' (2008) Out Here Grindin 2008 Kanye West singles chronology ``American Boy ''(2008) American Boy 2008`` Put On'' (2008) Put On2008 ``Swagga Like Us ''(2008) Swagga Like Us 2008",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni",
"paragraph_text": "Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni (), also spelled Abd al-Qader al-Husseini (1907 – 8 April 1948) was a Palestinian Arab nationalist and fighter who in late 1933 founded the secret militant group known as the Organization for Holy Struggle (\"Munathamat al-Jihad al-Muqaddas\"), which he and Hasan Salama commanded as the Army of the Holy War (\"Jaysh al-Jihad al-Muqaddas\") during the 1936–39 Arab revolt and during the 1948 war.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Pieter Aertsen",
"paragraph_text": "Pieter Aertsen (Amsterdam, 1508 – 3 June 1575), called \"Lange Piet\" (\"Tall Pete\") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr",
"paragraph_text": "Abd Allah ibn al - Zubayr was a member of the Bani Hashim tribe and was born one year and 8 months after the hijra of Muhammad to Medina. As such, he was the first Muslim child born in Medina. He was the cousin of Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr who, in turn, was the grandfather of Jafar al - Sadiq.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)",
"paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Unity in diversity",
"paragraph_text": "The diversity is a permanent human condition. The concept of unity in diversity can be traced back to Sufi philosopher Ibn al - 'Arabi (1165 -- 1240), who advanced the metaphysical concept of the ``oneness of being ''(wahdat al - wujud), namely, that reality is one, and that God's is the only true existence; all other beings are merely shadows, or reflections of God's qualities. Abd al - Karīm al - Jīlī (1366 -- 1424) expanded on Al -' Arabi's work, using it to describe a holistic view of the universe which reflects`` unity in diversity and diversity in unity'' (al - wahdah fi'l - kathrah wa'l - kathrah fi'l - wahdah).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Jean-Patrick Manchette",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Patrick Manchette (19 December 1942, Marseille – 3 June 1995, Paris) was a French crime novelist credited with reinventing and reinvigorating the genre. He wrote ten short novels in the seventies and early eighties, and is widely recognized as the foremost French crime fiction author of the 1970s - 1980s. His stories are violent explorations of the human condition and French society. Manchette was politically to the left and his writing reflects this through his analysis of social positions and culture. His books are reminiscent of the \"nouvelle vague\" crime films of Jean-Pierre Melville, employing a similarly cool, existential style on a typically American genre (film noir for Melville and pulp novels for Manchette).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Utrecht Caravaggism",
"paragraph_text": "The brief flourishing of Utrecht Caravaggism ended around 1630. At that time, major artists had either died, as in the case of Baburen and ter Brugghen, or had changed style, like Honthorst's shift to portraiture and history scenes informed by the Flemish tendencies popularized by Peter Paul Rubens and his followers. They left a legacy, however, through their influence on Rembrandt's use of chiaroscuro and Gerrit Dou's \"niche paintings\" (a genre popularized by Honthorst).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Shaykh Sufi",
"paragraph_text": "Abd Al-Rahman bin Abdallah al Shashi () (b. 1829 - 1904), popularly known as Shaykh Sufi, was a 19th-century Somali scholar, poet, reformist and astrologist.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "There Goes My Everything (song)",
"paragraph_text": "``There Goes My Everything ''Single by Jack Greene from the album There Goes My Everything B - side`` Hardest Easy Thing'' Released October 1966 Genre Country Label Decca Songwriter (s) Dallas Frazier Producer (s) Owen Bradley Jack Greene singles chronology ``Ever Since My Baby Went Away ''(1966)`` There Goes My Everything'' (1966) ``All the Time ''(1967)`` Ever Since My Baby Went Away'' (1966) ``There Goes My Everything ''(1966)`` All the Time'' (1967)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Drift Away",
"paragraph_text": "``Drift Away ''Single by Dobie Gray from the album Drift Away B - side`` City Stars'' Released February 1973 Format 7 ''(45 rpm) Genre Pop Length 3: 54 Label Decca Songwriter (s) Mentor Williams Producer (s) Mentor Williams Dobie Gray singles chronology ``Rose Garden'' (1972)`` Drift Away ''(1973) ``Loving Arms'' (1973)`` Rose Garden ''(1972) ``Drift Away'' (1973)`` Loving Arms ''(1973)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Zuhayr Talib Abd al-Sattar al-Naqib",
"paragraph_text": "Zuhayr Talib Abd al-Sattar al-Naqib was the last director of military intelligence in Iraq before the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He surrendered himself to Lieutenant Brian Wirtz (1-41 FA, 3ID) on 23 April 2003. He was the \"seven of hearts\" on the most-wanted Iraqi playing cards developed by the United States-led coalition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Abd al Malik (rapper)",
"paragraph_text": "Abd al Malik, born Régis Fayette-Mikano (born 14 March 1975 in Paris), is a French rapper and spoken word artist of Congolese origin. He has also authored books in French, and directed a film adaptation of one of his books.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Awni Abd al-Hadi",
"paragraph_text": "Awni Abd al-Hadi, () (1889, Nablus, Ottoman Empire – 15 March 1970, Cairo, Egypt) was a Palestinian political figure. He was educated in Beirut, Istanbul, and at the Sorbonne University in Paris. His wife was Tarab Abd al-Hadi, a Palestinian activist and feminist.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Carstairs",
"paragraph_text": "The Carstairs were an American group of the 1960s and 1970s whose 1973 single, \"It Really Hurts Me Girl\" is credited with starting the modern soul music scene and genre.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Umayyad Caliphate",
"paragraph_text": "Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for the conveyance of dispatches between the caliph and his agents and officials posted in the provinces. The main highways were divided into stages of 12 miles (19 km) each and each stage had horses, donkeys or camels ready to carry the post. Primarily the service met the needs of Government officials, but travellers and their important dispatches were also benefitted by the system. The postal carriages were also used for the swift transport of troops. They were able to carry fifty to a hundred men at a time. Under Governor Yusuf bin Umar, the postal department of Iraq cost 4,000,000 dirhams a year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Umayyad Caliphate",
"paragraph_text": "Marwan was succeeded by his son, Abd al-Malik (685–705), who reconsolidated Umayyad control of the caliphate. The early reign of Abd al-Malik was marked by the revolt of Al-Mukhtar, which was based in Kufa. Al-Mukhtar hoped to elevate Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, another son of Ali, to the caliphate, although Ibn al-Hanafiyyah himself may have had no connection to the revolt. The troops of al-Mukhtar engaged in battles both with the Umayyads in 686, defeating them at the river Khazir near Mosul, and with Ibn al-Zubayr in 687, at which time the revolt of al-Mukhtar was crushed. In 691, Umayyad troops reconquered Iraq, and in 692 the same army captured Mecca. Ibn al-Zubayr was killed in the attack.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": "West's middle-class background, flamboyant fashion sense and outspokenness have additionally set him apart from other rappers. Early in his career, he was among the first rappers to publicly criticize the preponderance of homophobia in hip hop. The sales competition between rapper 50 Cent's Curtis and West's Graduation altered the direction of hip hop and helped pave the way for new rappers who did not follow the hardcore-gangster mold. Rosie Swash of The Guardian viewed the sales competition as a historical moment in hip-hop, because it \"highlighted the diverging facets of hip-hop in the last decade; the former was gangsta rap for the noughties, while West was the thinking man's alternative.\" Rolling Stone credited West with transforming hip hop's mainstream, \"establishing a style of introspective yet glossy rap [...]\", and called him \"as interesting and complicated a pop star as the 2000s produced—a rapper who mastered, upped and moved beyond the hip-hop game, a producer who created a signature sound and then abandoned it to his imitators, a flashy, free-spending sybarite with insightful things to say about college, culture and economics, an egomaniac with more than enough artistic firepower to back it up.\" His 2008 album 808s & Heartbreak polarized both listeners and critics upon its release, but was commercially successful and impacted hip hop and pop stylistically, as it laid the groundwork for a new wave of artists who generally eschewed typical rap braggadocio for intimate subject matter and introspection, including Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, Drake, Future, Kid Cudi, Childish Gambino, Lil Durk, Chief Keef, and Soulja Boy. According to Ben Detrick of XXL magazine, West effectively led a new wave of artists, including Kid Cudi, Wale, Lupe Fiasco, Kidz in the Hall, and Drake, who lacked the interest or ability to rap about gunplay or drug-dealing.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Battle of Simancas",
"paragraph_text": "The Battle of Simancas (also called Alhandega or al-Khandaq) was a military battle that started on July 19, 939, in the Iberian Peninsula between the troops of the king of León Ramiro II and Cordovan caliph Abd al-Rahman III near the walls of the city of Simancas. The battle decided the control of the lands of the Duero.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Mais Gomar",
"paragraph_text": "Mais Gomar Abd Jassim was born in Baghdad, Iraq. One of her most important serials is Al hkomat(The Governments) in 2007 which presented Al Sharqiya, and resulted in her fame in Iraq.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What genre of music is Kanye credited for with his shift away from the genre Abd al Malik is known for?
|
[
{
"id": 844291,
"question": "Abd al Malik >> genre",
"answer": "rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 2702,
"question": "The shift away from what genre of #1 is Kanye credited for?",
"answer": "gangsta rap",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] |
gangsta rap
|
[
"Gangsta rap"
] | true |
2hop__160132_776275
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert",
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Stadthalle Freiburg",
"paragraph_text": "Stadthalle Freiburg is a former concert hall located in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. It opened in 1954. The building is being used as a temporary location for University Library Freiburg while the main library undergoes renovations. Notable past performers include Uriah Heep, The Police, Thin Lizzy and Whitesnake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Paea",
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Chieko Asakawa",
"paragraph_text": "Asakawa was born with normal sight, but after she injured her optic nerve when she hit her left eye on the side of a swimming pool at age 11, she began losing her sight, and by age 14 she was fully blind. She earned a bachelor's degree in English literature at Otemon Gakuin University in Osaka in 1982 and then began a two-year computer programming course for blind people using an Optacon to translate print to tactile sensation. She joined IBM Research with a temporary position in 1984, and became a permanent staff researcher there one year later. In 2004 she earned a Ph.D. in engineering from the University of Tokyo.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Inlow Hall (Eastern Oregon University)",
"paragraph_text": "Inlow Hall, the administration building at Eastern Oregon University in La Grande, Oregon, United States, was built in 1929. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Administration Building in 1980.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Biysky District",
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest",
"paragraph_text": "Year Location Venue Presenters 1960 London Royal Festival Hall Katie Boyle 1963 BBC Television Centre 1968 Royal Albert Hall 1972 Edinburgh Usher Hall Moira Shearer Brighton Brighton Dome Katie Boyle 1977 London Wembley Conference Centre Angela Rippon 1982 Harrogate Harrogate International Centre Jan Leeming 1998 Birmingham National Indoor Arena Ulrika Jonsson and Terry Wogan",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Festival Hall, Osaka",
"paragraph_text": "The hall is home to the Osaka Philharmonic Orchestra. The orchestra moved its home to Symphony Hall in Oyodo-minami, Kita-ku after the original Festival Hall was closed in 2008, then moved again to the new Festival Hall 1 year after the opening.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Madras Kali Bari",
"paragraph_text": "Madras Kali Bari is a Hindu temple located in the neighbourhood of West Mambalam in Chennai, India. Dedicated to the goddess Kali, the temple is constructed on the lines of the Dakhshineshwar Kali temple near Kolkata by the Bengali community in the city. Within the precincts of the temple, is a meditation hall where bhajans are sung daily. Bengali festivals like Durga Puja and Kali Puja are celebrated with grandeur.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Duncan Gallery of Art",
"paragraph_text": "The Duncan Gallery of Art is located at 421 North Woodland Boulevard, DeLand, Florida, in Sampson Hall on the Stetson University campus. It contains artworks primarily by student and southeast artists.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Mother's Helper (Chalfant)",
"paragraph_text": "Mother's Helper is a public sculpture by American artist Derek Chalfant located on the Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) campus near downtown Indianapolis, Indiana. The piece is located in a small alcove near the ramp to the west entrance of the Joseph T. Taylor Hall (formerly the University College building) at 815 W. Michigan Street.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Médanos, Buenos Aires",
"paragraph_text": "Médanos is a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The town hosts the \"Fiesta Nacional del Ajo\" (National Garlic Festival) and is located in the Buenos Aires wines area. It is the administrative seat of Villarino Partido.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Harvard University",
"paragraph_text": "Harvard's 209-acre (85 ha) main campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge, about 3 miles (5 km) west-northwest of the State House in downtown Boston, and extends into the surrounding Harvard Square neighborhood. Harvard Yard itself contains the central administrative offices and main libraries of the university, academic buildings including Sever Hall and University Hall, Memorial Church, and the majority of the freshman dormitories. Sophomore, junior, and senior undergraduates live in twelve residential Houses, nine of which are south of Harvard Yard along or near the Charles River. The other three are located in a residential neighborhood half a mile northwest of the Yard at the Quadrangle (commonly referred to as the Quad), which formerly housed Radcliffe College students until Radcliffe merged its residential system with Harvard. Each residential house contains rooms for undergraduates, House masters, and resident tutors, as well as a dining hall and library. The facilities were made possible by a gift from Yale University alumnus Edward Harkness.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Mount Franklin (Australian Capital Territory)",
"paragraph_text": "Mount Franklin is a mountain with an elevation of in the Brindabella Ranges that is located on the border between the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales, Australia. The summit of the mountain is located in the Australian Capital Territory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Ap Lo Chun",
"paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Deninu School",
"paragraph_text": "Deninu School is a K-12 public school located in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories, Canada. The school currently represents the only public education option for youth in the hamlet and serves a student population of approximately 125 students. The administration of the school is the responsibility of the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Brisbane Festival Hall",
"paragraph_text": "Brisbane Festival Hall was an indoor arena located on the southern corner of Albert Street and Charlotte Street, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sheldon Hall (Oswego, New York)",
"paragraph_text": "Sheldon Hall is a historic collegiate building located on the campus of the State University of New York at Oswego at Oswego in Oswego County, New York.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What urban area is Festival Hall in the city containing Otemon Gakuin University located?
|
[
{
"id": 160132,
"question": "Where is Otemon Gakuin University located?",
"answer": "Osaka",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 776275,
"question": "Festival Hall, #1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Kita-ku",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] |
Kita-ku
|
[] | true |
2hop__628863_31102
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Die Zeit, die Zeit",
"paragraph_text": "Die Zeit, die Zeit (The time, the time) is the name of a Novel by Martin Suter, that was published in September 2012 by Diogenes Verlag.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Bertrand (programming language)",
"paragraph_text": "Bertrand (named after Bertrand Russell) is a computer programming language for creating constraint programming systems. The language was created by Wm Leler in the mid-1980s as part of his doctoral research. Bertrand has a declarative programming syntax and differentiates itself from other programming languages by use of a technique called augmented term rewriting.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Jean-Michel Bertrand",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Michel Bertrand (born 6 June 1943 at Baccarat, Meurthe-et-Moselle, died 19 February 2008 at the Hôpital Saint-Louis in Paris) was a French politician of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Otto Brahm",
"paragraph_text": "Otto Brahm (born Otto Abrahamson on 5 February 1856 in Hamburg; died 28 November 1912 in Berlin) was a German drama and literary critic, theatre manager and director. His productions were noted for being accurate and realistic. He was involved in the foundation of the progressive \"Die Freie Bühne\" (English: \"Free Stage\") company, of which he became president and producer. He also edited the company's weekly magazine of the same name, but later changed its name to \"Die neue Rundschau\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Guy Bertrand Ngon Mamoun",
"paragraph_text": "Guy Bertrand Ngon Mamoun (born November 4, 1983 in Metet, Yaoundé, Cameroon) is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Persik Kediri. He previously played for KV Turnhout.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Bertrand Renard",
"paragraph_text": "Bertrand Renard (born April 28, 1955) is a French television presenter and author. He is a former contestant and the presenter of the game show \"Des chiffres et des lettres\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Earth from the Air",
"paragraph_text": "Earth from the Air is a popular collection of environmental photographs taken from the air by Yann Arthus-Bertrand. They have been published in a number of books together with text describing environmental concerns related to the photographs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Bertrand Delanoë",
"paragraph_text": "Bertrand Delanoë (; born 30 May 1950) is a retired French politician who was Mayor of Paris from 25 March 2001 to 5 April 2014. He is a member of the Socialist Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Film Stars Don't Die in Liverpool",
"paragraph_text": "Film Stars Do n't Die in Liverpool is a 2017 British - American romantic drama film directed by Paul McGuigan and starring Annette Bening and Jamie Bell. It is based on the memoir of the same name by Peter Turner.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Gabriel Bertrand",
"paragraph_text": "Gabriel Bertrand (born 17 May 1867 in Paris, died 20 June 1962 in Paris) was a French pharmacologist, biochemist and bacteriologist.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Russell's teapot",
"paragraph_text": "Russell's teapot is an analogy, formulated by the philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), to illustrate that the philosophic burden of proof lies upon a person making unfalsifiable claims, rather than shifting the burden of \"disproof\" to others.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Iris in Bloom",
"paragraph_text": "Iris in Bloom () is a 2011 French romantic drama film directed and written by Valérie Mréjen and Bertrand Schefer in their directorial debut. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Paris",
"paragraph_text": "In the early 21st century, the population of Paris began to increase slowly again, as more young people moved into the city. It reached 2.25 million in 2011. In March 2001, Bertrand Delanoë became the first socialist mayor of Paris. In 2007, in an effort to reduce car traffic in the city, he introduced the Vélib', a system which rents bicycles for the use of local residents and visitors. Bertrand Delanoë also transformed a section of the highway along the left bank of the Seine into an urban promenade and park, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine, which he inaugurated in June 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Bertrand de Jouvenel",
"paragraph_text": "Bertrand de Jouvenel des Ursins (31 October 1903 – 1 March 1987) was a French philosopher, political economist, and futurist.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Ralph Schoenman",
"paragraph_text": "Ralph Schoenman (born 1935) is an American left-wing activist who was a personal secretary to Bertrand Russell and became general secretary of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation. He was involved in a number of projects supported by Russell, including the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), the Committee of 100 and an unofficial war crimes tribunal to try American leaders for their conduct in the Vietnam War. Shortly before his death in 1970, Russell publicly broke with Schoenman.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "John Bertrand (sailor, born 1956)",
"paragraph_text": "John Joseph Bertrand (born March 25, 1956 in San Mateo, California) is an American former competitive sailor and Olympic silver medalist.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Die Apokalyptischen Reiter",
"paragraph_text": "Die Apokalyptischen Reiter is a Weimar, Germany based heavy metal band signed to Nuclear Blast in Europe and The End Records in North America. Their name translates to The Apocalyptic Horsemen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Adrien Bertrand",
"paragraph_text": "Adrien Bertrand (4 August 1888, Nyons – 18 November 1917) was a French novelist whose short career was punctuated by a series of striking surrealist anti-war novels, written as Bertrand lay dying from complications involved in a wound he suffered whilst serving with the French Army in the First World War.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "James Haven",
"paragraph_text": "James Haven Voight (born May 11, 1973) is an American actor and producer. He is the son of actors Jon Voight and Marcheline Bertrand, and the older brother of actress Angelina Jolie.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did Bertrand's namesake die?
|
[
{
"id": 628863,
"question": "Bertrand >> named after",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 31102,
"question": "When did #1 die?",
"answer": "1970",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] |
1970
|
[] | true |
2hop__628863_31101
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ralph Schoenman",
"paragraph_text": "Ralph Schoenman (born 1935) is an American left-wing activist who was a personal secretary to Bertrand Russell and became general secretary of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation. He was involved in a number of projects supported by Russell, including the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), the Committee of 100 and an unofficial war crimes tribunal to try American leaders for their conduct in the Vietnam War. Shortly before his death in 1970, Russell publicly broke with Schoenman.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Xavier Bertrand",
"paragraph_text": "Xavier René Louis Bertrand (; born 21 March 1965) is a French politician. He was Minister of Health from 2005 to 2007 in Dominique de Villepin's government under President Jacques Chirac, then served as Minister of Labour, Social Affairs and Solidarity from 2007 to 2009 and as Minister of Labour, Employment and Health from 2010 to 2012. He played a leading role in Nicolas Sarkozy's presidential campaign in 2007. After the 2015 regional elections, Bertrand became president of the regional council of Hauts-de-France. He was a member of Union for a Popular Movement, later The Republicans, until 11 December 2017, when he announced that was \"definitively leaving\" the party after Laurent Wauquiez was elected the leader of the party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Bertrand de Jouvenel",
"paragraph_text": "Bertrand de Jouvenel des Ursins (31 October 1903 – 1 March 1987) was a French philosopher, political economist, and futurist.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Randy",
"paragraph_text": "Randy is both a given name, and a pet name in the English language, popular in the United States and Canada. It is primarily a masculine name. It was originally derived from the names Randall, Randolf, Randolph, as well as Bertrand and Andrew.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Gabriel Bertrand",
"paragraph_text": "Gabriel Bertrand (born 17 May 1867 in Paris, died 20 June 1962 in Paris) was a French pharmacologist, biochemist and bacteriologist.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "James Haven",
"paragraph_text": "James Haven Voight (born May 11, 1973) is an American actor and producer. He is the son of actors Jon Voight and Marcheline Bertrand, and the older brother of actress Angelina Jolie.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Émile Bertrand",
"paragraph_text": "Émile Bertrand (1844–1909) was a French mineralogist, in honour of whom bertrandite was named by Alexis Damour. He also gave his name to the \"Bertrand lens\" or phase telescope.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Norbert-Bertrand Barbe",
"paragraph_text": "Norbert-Bertrand Barbe is a French art historian, semiologist, artist and writer. He was born in 1968 and has a master's degree in art history (Université Paris X, 1991) and a Ph.d. in Comparative Literature (Université d'Orléans, 1996). He is an Honorary Member of the Nicaraguan Academy of Language.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Earth from the Air",
"paragraph_text": "Earth from the Air is a popular collection of environmental photographs taken from the air by Yann Arthus-Bertrand. They have been published in a number of books together with text describing environmental concerns related to the photographs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Jean-Michel Bertrand",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Michel Bertrand (born 6 June 1943 at Baccarat, Meurthe-et-Moselle, died 19 February 2008 at the Hôpital Saint-Louis in Paris) was a French politician of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Bertrand Renard",
"paragraph_text": "Bertrand Renard (born April 28, 1955) is a French television presenter and author. He is a former contestant and the presenter of the game show \"Des chiffres et des lettres\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Bertrand (programming language)",
"paragraph_text": "Bertrand (named after Bertrand Russell) is a computer programming language for creating constraint programming systems. The language was created by Wm Leler in the mid-1980s as part of his doctoral research. Bertrand has a declarative programming syntax and differentiates itself from other programming languages by use of a technique called augmented term rewriting.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Paris",
"paragraph_text": "In the early 21st century, the population of Paris began to increase slowly again, as more young people moved into the city. It reached 2.25 million in 2011. In March 2001, Bertrand Delanoë became the first socialist mayor of Paris. In 2007, in an effort to reduce car traffic in the city, he introduced the Vélib', a system which rents bicycles for the use of local residents and visitors. Bertrand Delanoë also transformed a section of the highway along the left bank of the Seine into an urban promenade and park, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine, which he inaugurated in June 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "John Bertrand (sailor, born 1956)",
"paragraph_text": "John Joseph Bertrand (born March 25, 1956 in San Mateo, California) is an American former competitive sailor and Olympic silver medalist.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Marie Möör",
"paragraph_text": "Marie Möör is a French singer and Songwriter born in France, Seine-et-Marne. Having collaborated with renowned artists like jazz saxophonist and composer Barney Wilen, singer-songwriter Jean-Louis Murat, electro-crooner Bertrand Burgalat and pop star Christophe, she has been working with composer and musician Laurent Chambert since 2001. Experimenting with new song forms, she writes and performs his lyrics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Iris in Bloom",
"paragraph_text": "Iris in Bloom () is a 2011 French romantic drama film directed and written by Valérie Mréjen and Bertrand Schefer in their directorial debut. It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Adrien Bertrand",
"paragraph_text": "Adrien Bertrand (4 August 1888, Nyons – 18 November 1917) was a French novelist whose short career was punctuated by a series of striking surrealist anti-war novels, written as Bertrand lay dying from complications involved in a wound he suffered whilst serving with the French Army in the First World War.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Bertrand Delanoë",
"paragraph_text": "Bertrand Delanoë (; born 30 May 1950) is a retired French politician who was Mayor of Paris from 25 March 2001 to 5 April 2014. He is a member of the Socialist Party.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Russell's teapot",
"paragraph_text": "Russell's teapot is an analogy, formulated by the philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), to illustrate that the philosophic burden of proof lies upon a person making unfalsifiable claims, rather than shifting the burden of \"disproof\" to others.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When was the person that the language Bertrand is named after born?
|
[
{
"id": 628863,
"question": "Bertrand >> named after",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 31101,
"question": "When was #1 born?",
"answer": "1872",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
] |
1872
|
[] | true |
2hop__200951_31102
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Winnie Years",
"paragraph_text": "The Winnie Years is an ongoing series of children's fiction novels by American author Lauren Myracle. The first entry in the series, \"Eleven\", was published on February 9, 2004 through Dutton Juvenile and focuses on the angst and everyday problems of tween Winnie Perry.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Arlington)",
"paragraph_text": "Since 1921 the intent was to place a superstructure on top of the Tomb, but it was not until July 3, 1926, that Congress authorized the completion of the Tomb and the expenditure of $50,000 (with a completed cost of $48,000). A design competition was held and won by architect Lorimer Rich and sculptor Thomas Hudson Jones. An appropriation from Congress for the work was secured and on December 21, 1929, a contract for completion of the Tomb itself was entered into. The Tomb would consist of seven pieces of marble in four levels (cap, die, base and sub-base) of which the die is the largest block with the sculpting on all four sides.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "The Way Some People Die",
"paragraph_text": "The Way Some People Die is a detective mystery written in 1951 by American author Ross Macdonald. It is the third book featuring his private eye Lew Archer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Sandra Steingraber",
"paragraph_text": "Sandra Steingraber (born 1959) is an American biologist, author, and cancer survivor. Steingraber writes and lectures on the environmental factors that contribute to reproductive health problems and environmental links to cancer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Problems of Philosophy",
"paragraph_text": "The Problems of Philosophy is a 1912 book by Bertrand Russell, in which the author attempts to create a brief and accessible guide to the problems of philosophy. Focusing on problems he believes will provoke positive and constructive discussion, Russell concentrates on knowledge rather than metaphysics: If it is uncertain that external objects exist, how can we then have knowledge of them but by probability. There is no reason to doubt the existence of external objects simply because of sense data.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "The Dead Stay Young",
"paragraph_text": "The Dead Stay Young (\"Die Toten Bleiben Jung\") is a 1949 novel by German author Anna Seghers. The book describes Communists secretly working in Germany between the end of World War I and the outbreak of World War II.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Robert B. Talisse",
"paragraph_text": "Robert B. Talisse (born 1970) is an American philosopher and political theorist. He is currently Professor of Philosophy and Chair of the Philosophy Department at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, where he is also a Professor of Political Science. Talisse is a former editor of the academic journal \"Public Affairs Quarterly\", and a regular contributor to the blog \"3 Quarks Daily\", where he posts a monthly column with his frequent co-author and fellow Vanderbilt philosopher Scott F. Aikin. He earned his PhD in Philosophy from the City University of New York in 2001. His principal area of research is political philosophy, with an emphasis on democratic theory and liberalism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Stephen Menn",
"paragraph_text": "Stephen Menn (born 1964) is Professor of Philosophy at McGill University and, between 2011 and 2015, was Professor of Ancient and Contemporary Philosophy at Humboldt University of Berlin and the author of \"Descartes and Augustine\" about the origin of Descartes' \"cogito\". His specialties include ancient philosophy (Plato, Aristotle, Stoicism and neo-Platonism), medieval philosophy (Western and Islamic). He is also a mathematician, holding a doctorate in Mathematics from Johns Hopkins University in 1985 and one in Philosophy from University of Chicago in 1989.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Samuel Edward Konkin III",
"paragraph_text": "Samuel Edward Konkin III (8 July 1947 – 23 February 2004), also known as SEK3, was the author of the publication \"New Libertarian Manifesto\" and a proponent of a political philosophy which he named agorism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Zaid Orudzhev",
"paragraph_text": "Zaid Orudzhev was born in Baku, entered the Faculty of Philosophy at Lomonosov Moscow State University in the early 1950s, graduating in 1955. For the next 12 years, he taught at a number of educational institutions back in Baku (mainly at the state university), during which time he was awarded a doctorate for his thesis on “The problems of dialectical logic in the economic research of Karl Marx”. In 1967-1969 he founded and was at the head of the department of philosophy at the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Julia Leigh",
"paragraph_text": "Leigh majored in philosophy and law at the University of Sydney and was admitted to the NSW Supreme Court as a Legal Practitioner. For a time she worked as a legal advisor at the Australian Society of Authors where she shifted interest into writing. Her mentors have included authors Frank Moorhouse and, as part of the 2002–2003 edition of the Rolex Mentor and Protégé Arts Initiative, Toni Morrison. In 2009, Leigh was awarded a PhD in English from the University of Adelaide.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Karl Popper",
"paragraph_text": "Popper played a vital role in establishing the philosophy of science as a vigorous, autonomous discipline within philosophy, through his own prolific and influential works, and also through his influence on his own contemporaries and students. Popper founded in 1946 the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and there lectured and influenced both Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend, two of the foremost philosophers of science in the next generation of philosophy of science. (Lakatos significantly modified Popper's position,:1 and Feyerabend repudiated it entirely, but the work of both is deeply influenced by Popper and engaged with many of the problems that Popper set.)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Irving Singer",
"paragraph_text": "Irving Singer (December 24, 1925 – February 1, 2015) was an American professor of philosophy who was on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for 55 years and wrote over 20 books. He was the author of books on various topics, including cinema, love, sexuality, and the philosophy of George Santayana. He also wrote on the subject of film, including writings about the work of film directors Ingmar Bergman, Alfred Hitchcock,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Kenneth Allen Taylor",
"paragraph_text": "Kenneth Allen Taylor (born 1954) is an American philosopher. He was the chair of the department of philosophy at Stanford University from 2001 to 2009. Professor Taylor specializes in philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. His interests include semantics, reference, naturalism, and relativism. He is the author of numerous articles, which have appeared in journals such as \"Noûs\", \"Philosophical Studies\", and \"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research\", and three books, \"Truth and Meaning: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language\" (Blackwell Publishers), \"Reference and the Rational Mind\" (CSLI Publications) \"Meaning Diminished: Toward Metaphysically Modest Semantics.\" (Oxford University Press)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Nuremberg Chronicle",
"paragraph_text": "Latin scholars refer to it as Liber Chronicarum (Book of Chronicles) as this phrase appears in the index introduction of the Latin edition. English-speakers have long referred to it as the \"Nuremberg Chronicle\" after the city in which it was published. German-speakers refer to it as Die Schedelsche Weltchronik (Schedel's World History) in honour of its author.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "International Journal of Applied Philosophy",
"paragraph_text": "The International Journal of Applied Philosophy is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes philosophical examinations of practical problems. It was established in 1982, and contains original articles, reviews, and edited discussions of topics of general interest in ethics and applied philosophy. The journal is published by the Philosophy Documentation Center, and some articles are published in co-operation with the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Norman Swartz",
"paragraph_text": "Norman Swartz (born 1939) is a professor emeritus (retired 1998) of philosophy, Simon Fraser University. He is the author or co-author of multiple books and multiple articles on the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. He earned a B.A. in physics from Harvard University in 1961, an M.A. in history and philosophy of science from Indiana University in 1965 and a Ph.D. in history of philosophy of science in 1971 also from Indiana University. He uses the term physical law to mean the laws of nature as they truly are and not as they are inferred and described in the practice of science.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Journey to the East",
"paragraph_text": "Journey to the East is a short novel by German author Hermann Hesse. It was first published in German in 1932 as \"Die Morgenlandfahrt\". This novel came directly after his biggest international success, \"Narcissus and Goldmund\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Jacques Rancière",
"paragraph_text": "Jacques Rancière (; born 1940) is a French philosopher, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School in Saas-Fee and former Professor of Philosophy at the who came to prominence when he co-authored \"Reading Capital\" (1968), with the structuralist Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the author of The Problems of Philosophy die?
|
[
{
"id": 200951,
"question": "The Problems of Philosophy >> author",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 31102,
"question": "When did #1 die?",
"answer": "1970",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] |
1970
|
[] | true |
2hop__200951_31101
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Irving Singer",
"paragraph_text": "Irving Singer (December 24, 1925 – February 1, 2015) was an American professor of philosophy who was on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for 55 years and wrote over 20 books. He was the author of books on various topics, including cinema, love, sexuality, and the philosophy of George Santayana. He also wrote on the subject of film, including writings about the work of film directors Ingmar Bergman, Alfred Hitchcock,",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Derech Mitzvosecha",
"paragraph_text": "Derech Mitzvosecha, also titled Sefer Hamitzvos (), is an interpretive work on the Jewish commandments authored by Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (1789–1866), the third Rebbe of the Chabad Hasidic movement. The work is considered a fundamental text of Chabad philosophy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Michele Marsonet",
"paragraph_text": "Michele Marsonet (born 1950) is professor of philosophy of science and methodology of the human sciences, chairman of the philosophy department and vice-rector for international relations at the University of Genoa in Italy. Having worked as Associate Professor, first of Logic and then of Philosophy of Science, at the University of Genoa from 1992 to 1999, he was then a Full Professor of Theoretical Philosophy and Institutions of Philosophy. He was also dean of the faculty of arts and humanities of the University of Genoa from 2002 to 2008. His main areas of study are in pragmatism, philosophy of science, metaphysics, methodology of the social sciences, political philosophy and philosophical logic. He has published extensively on the works of Nicholas Rescher.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Robert B. Talisse",
"paragraph_text": "Robert B. Talisse (born 1970) is an American philosopher and political theorist. He is currently Professor of Philosophy and Chair of the Philosophy Department at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, where he is also a Professor of Political Science. Talisse is a former editor of the academic journal \"Public Affairs Quarterly\", and a regular contributor to the blog \"3 Quarks Daily\", where he posts a monthly column with his frequent co-author and fellow Vanderbilt philosopher Scott F. Aikin. He earned his PhD in Philosophy from the City University of New York in 2001. His principal area of research is political philosophy, with an emphasis on democratic theory and liberalism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Jeremy Weate",
"paragraph_text": "Jeremy Weate (born in September 1969 in Wheaton Aston) studied philosophy at the University of Hull, the University of Liège and the University of Warwick, graduating with a PhD in European philosophy from Warwick in 1998. His PhD thesis was \"Phenomenology and Difference: the Body, Architecture and Race\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Karl Popper",
"paragraph_text": "Popper played a vital role in establishing the philosophy of science as a vigorous, autonomous discipline within philosophy, through his own prolific and influential works, and also through his influence on his own contemporaries and students. Popper founded in 1946 the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and there lectured and influenced both Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend, two of the foremost philosophers of science in the next generation of philosophy of science. (Lakatos significantly modified Popper's position,:1 and Feyerabend repudiated it entirely, but the work of both is deeply influenced by Popper and engaged with many of the problems that Popper set.)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Krzysztof Michalski",
"paragraph_text": "Krzysztof Michalski was born in Warsaw. He studied philosophy at the University of Warsaw, where he received his Ph.D. in 1974 with a thesis on \"Heidegger and Contemporary Philosophy\". In 1977, he spent one year in Germany as a Humboldt Fellow, from 1978 onwards he taught philosophy at the University of Warsaw. In 1981/82 he was a Thyssen Fellow at the Heidelberg University and in 1982/1983 a Fellow Commoner of Churchill College at Cambridge. In 1986, he was habilitated for Philosophy at the University of Warsaw with the study \"Logic and Time\". Since 1986, Michalski has been teaching philosophy at Boston University, since 1994 also at the University of Warsaw.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Samuel Edward Konkin III",
"paragraph_text": "Samuel Edward Konkin III (8 July 1947 – 23 February 2004), also known as SEK3, was the author of the publication \"New Libertarian Manifesto\" and a proponent of a political philosophy which he named agorism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Sandra Steingraber",
"paragraph_text": "Sandra Steingraber (born 1959) is an American biologist, author, and cancer survivor. Steingraber writes and lectures on the environmental factors that contribute to reproductive health problems and environmental links to cancer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Haldun Taner",
"paragraph_text": "He was born on March 16, 1915 in Istanbul. After graduating from the Galatasaray High School in 1935, he studied politics and economy at the University of Heidelberg in Germany, until a serious health problem forced him to return to Turkey, where he graduated from the Faculty of German Literature and Linguistics in 1950. He also studied theatre and philosophy at the University of Vienna between 1955 and 1957 under the direction of Heinz Kindermann (1894–1985), an Austrian theater and literary scholar.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Zaid Orudzhev",
"paragraph_text": "Zaid Orudzhev was born in Baku, entered the Faculty of Philosophy at Lomonosov Moscow State University in the early 1950s, graduating in 1955. For the next 12 years, he taught at a number of educational institutions back in Baku (mainly at the state university), during which time he was awarded a doctorate for his thesis on “The problems of dialectical logic in the economic research of Karl Marx”. In 1967-1969 he founded and was at the head of the department of philosophy at the Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Stephen Menn",
"paragraph_text": "Stephen Menn (born 1964) is Professor of Philosophy at McGill University and, between 2011 and 2015, was Professor of Ancient and Contemporary Philosophy at Humboldt University of Berlin and the author of \"Descartes and Augustine\" about the origin of Descartes' \"cogito\". His specialties include ancient philosophy (Plato, Aristotle, Stoicism and neo-Platonism), medieval philosophy (Western and Islamic). He is also a mathematician, holding a doctorate in Mathematics from Johns Hopkins University in 1985 and one in Philosophy from University of Chicago in 1989.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Jacques Rancière",
"paragraph_text": "Jacques Rancière (; born 1940) is a French philosopher, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School in Saas-Fee and former Professor of Philosophy at the who came to prominence when he co-authored \"Reading Capital\" (1968), with the structuralist Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Kenneth Allen Taylor",
"paragraph_text": "Kenneth Allen Taylor (born 1954) is an American philosopher. He was the chair of the department of philosophy at Stanford University from 2001 to 2009. Professor Taylor specializes in philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. His interests include semantics, reference, naturalism, and relativism. He is the author of numerous articles, which have appeared in journals such as \"Noûs\", \"Philosophical Studies\", and \"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research\", and three books, \"Truth and Meaning: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language\" (Blackwell Publishers), \"Reference and the Rational Mind\" (CSLI Publications) \"Meaning Diminished: Toward Metaphysically Modest Semantics.\" (Oxford University Press)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Volker Halbach",
"paragraph_text": "Volker Halbach (born 21 October 1965 in Ingolstadt, Germany) is a German logician and philosopher. His main research interests are in philosophical logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of language, and epistemology, with a focus on formal theories of truth. He is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, Tutorial Fellow of New College, Oxford.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Jean-Claude Falmagne",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Claude Falmagne (born February 4, 1934, in Brussels, Belgium) is a mathematical psychologist whose scientific contributions deal with problems in reaction time theory, psychophysics, philosophy of science, measurement theory, decision theory, and educational technology. Together with Jean-Paul Doignon, he developed knowledge space theory, which is the mathematical foundation for the ALEKS software for the assessment of knowledge in various academic subjects, including K-12 mathematics, chemistry, and accounting.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Fred Feldman (philosopher)",
"paragraph_text": "Fred Feldman (born Newark, New Jersey, 1941) is an American philosopher who specializes in ethical theory. He is Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, where he taught from 1969 until his retirement in 2013. His research primarily focuses on normative ethics, metaethics, the nature of happiness, and justice. He has long been fascinated by philosophical problems about the nature and value of death. He received a NEH research fellowship for the academic year of 2008/09; he received a Conti Faculty research fellowship for the academic year of 2013/14.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "International Journal of Applied Philosophy",
"paragraph_text": "The International Journal of Applied Philosophy is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes philosophical examinations of practical problems. It was established in 1982, and contains original articles, reviews, and edited discussions of topics of general interest in ethics and applied philosophy. The journal is published by the Philosophy Documentation Center, and some articles are published in co-operation with the Association for Practical and Professional Ethics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "The Problems of Philosophy",
"paragraph_text": "The Problems of Philosophy is a 1912 book by Bertrand Russell, in which the author attempts to create a brief and accessible guide to the problems of philosophy. Focusing on problems he believes will provoke positive and constructive discussion, Russell concentrates on knowledge rather than metaphysics: If it is uncertain that external objects exist, how can we then have knowledge of them but by probability. There is no reason to doubt the existence of external objects simply because of sense data.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] |
When was the author of The Problems of Philosophy born?
|
[
{
"id": 200951,
"question": "The Problems of Philosophy >> author",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 31101,
"question": "When was #1 born?",
"answer": "1872",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] |
1872
|
[] | true |
2hop__193181_31101
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Jasmina Mihajlović",
"paragraph_text": "Jasmina Mihajlović (, born in Niš, 1960) is a Serbian writer and literary critic. She is also chairwoman of Bequest of Milorad Pavić, famous Serbian writer and her late spouse.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Paschal Russell",
"paragraph_text": "Paschal Russell (born 1948) is an Irish former hurler who played as a midfielder and as a forward for the Clare senior team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Lake Dora (Western Australia)",
"paragraph_text": "Lake Dora is a seasonal salt lake located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It lies between the vegetated sand fields of the Great Sandy and Gibson Deserts. The Rudall River occasionally flows into Lake Dora.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Russell Boulter",
"paragraph_text": "Russell Boulter (born 7 April 1963 in Liverpool) is an English actor and documentary narrator. He is a communications coach.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Mount Dora Museum of Speed",
"paragraph_text": "The Mount Dora Museum of Speed is located in Mount Dora, Florida in Lake County, Florida. Exhibits include American muscle cars, automobile memorabilia and an Americana collection.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Russell Van Hout",
"paragraph_text": "Russell Van Hout (born 15 June 1976) is a former Australian racing cyclist. He won the Australian national road race title in 2006.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Sancton Wood",
"paragraph_text": "Sancton Wood (1815–1886) was an English architect, born in Hackney. He was the son of John Wood and Harriet Russell, a niece of the painter, Richard Smirke.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Dora Annie Dickens",
"paragraph_text": "Dora Annie Dickens (16 August 1850 – 14 April 1851) was the infant daughter of English novelist Charles Dickens and his wife Catherine. She was the ninth of their ten children, and the youngest of their three daughters.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Two a Penny",
"paragraph_text": "The cast included Ann Holloway, Dora Bryan, Avril Angers, Geoffrey Bayldon, Peter Barkworth, Mona Washbourne, Earl Cameron, Charles Lloyd-Pack, and Billy Graham himself, filmed at his \"London Crusade\" in 1967.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "John Russell, 4th Earl Russell",
"paragraph_text": "John Conrad Russell, 4th Earl Russell (16 November 1921 – 16 December 1987) was the eldest son of the philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (the 3rd Earl) and his second wife, Dora Black. His middle name was a tribute to the writer Joseph Conrad, whom his father had long admired. He was the great-grandson of the 19th century British Whig Prime Minister Lord John Russell. He succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father on 2 February 1970.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jeff Maluleke",
"paragraph_text": "Jeff Maluleke (born 1977) is an award-winning South African musician of the M'nwanati people. Jeff was born to Dora and Johannes Maluleke in the town of Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga in 1977. In 2002, the Kora All-Africa Music Awards honoured him as the \"Revelation of the Year\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Al-Saydiya",
"paragraph_text": "Al-Saydiya is a neighborhood in the Al Rashid district of southwestern Baghdad, Iraq. Baiyaa is to the north and Dora to the east.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Team Umizoomi & Dora's Fantastic Flight",
"paragraph_text": "Team Umizoomi & Dora's Fantastic Flight is a video game crossover between \"Team Umizoomi\" and \"Dora the Explorer\" developed by Black Lantern Studios and published by Take-Two Interactive's 2K Play label for Nintendo DS in 2012.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Fritz Pröll",
"paragraph_text": "Fritz Pröll (23 April 1915, in Augsburg – 22 November 1944, in Mittelbau-Dora Nordhausen, Harz) was a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "List of Seattle Seahawks starting quarterbacks",
"paragraph_text": "Season Quarterback (s) Ref (s) Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (2 -- 1) 1984 Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (1 -- 1) Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (0 -- 1) 1988 Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (0 -- 1) 1999 Kitna, Jon! Jon Kitna (0 -- 1) 2003 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (0 -- 1) Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (0 -- 1) 2005 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (2 -- 1) 2006 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) 2007 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) 2012 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1) 2013 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (3 -- 0) 2014 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (2 -- 1) 2015 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1) 2016 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Naomie Kremer",
"paragraph_text": "Kremer is one of two children, born in Tel Aviv, Israel, to Yitzhak and Dora Tarshish. When Kremer was eight years old her family immigrated to Brooklyn, New York, from Israel. Kremer began drawing at the age of 10 and later began taking classes at the Brooklyn Museum in life drawing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Dora Zaslavsky",
"paragraph_text": "Dora Zaslavsky Koch (July 18, 1904 – September 9, 1987) was an American pianist who was one of the first graduates and later a teacher of the Manhattan School of Music. She died on September 9, 1987.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Dora Heldt",
"paragraph_text": "Dora Heldt (born Bärbel Schmidt 10 November 1961 Sylt, Germany) is a German author. Her 2009 novel \"Tante Inge haut ab\" reached no. 2 on the bestseller list in Germany.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ralph Schoenman",
"paragraph_text": "Ralph Schoenman (born 1935) is an American left-wing activist who was a personal secretary to Bertrand Russell and became general secretary of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation. He was involved in a number of projects supported by Russell, including the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), the Committee of 100 and an unofficial war crimes tribunal to try American leaders for their conduct in the Vietnam War. Shortly before his death in 1970, Russell publicly broke with Schoenman.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When was the spouse of Dora Russell born?
|
[
{
"id": 193181,
"question": "Dora Russell >> spouse",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 31101,
"question": "When was #1 born?",
"answer": "1872",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] |
1872
|
[] | true |
2hop__653962_31101
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Academy Award for Best Costume Design",
"paragraph_text": "Category Name Superlative Year Notes Reference Most Awards Edith Head 8 awards 1973 Awards resulted from 35 nominations. Most Nominations Edith Head 35 nominations 1977 Nominations resulted in 8 awards.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Hurricane Edith (1971)",
"paragraph_text": "Hurricane Edith was the strongest hurricane to form during the 1971 Atlantic hurricane season and the southernmost landfalling Category 5 hurricane on record in the Atlantic until surpassed by Hurricane Felix of 2007. Edith developed from a tropical wave on September 5 and quickly strengthened into a hurricane in the Caribbean Sea. Edith rapidly intensified on September 9 and made landfall on Cape Gracias a Dios as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir - Simpson Hurricane Scale. It quickly lost intensity over Central America and after briefly entering the Gulf of Honduras it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. After moving across the Gulf of Mexico a trough turned the storm to the northeast and Edith, after having restrengthened while accelerating towards the coast, made landfall on Louisiana with winds of 105 mph (170 km / h) on September 16. Edith steadily weakened over land and dissipated over Georgia on September 18.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Jasmina Mihajlović",
"paragraph_text": "Jasmina Mihajlović (, born in Niš, 1960) is a Serbian writer and literary critic. She is also chairwoman of Bequest of Milorad Pavić, famous Serbian writer and her late spouse.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Edith Hauer-Frischmuth",
"paragraph_text": "Edith Hauer-Frischmuth (born 1913 in Vienna; died 2004 in Altaussee) was an Austrian woman, named one of the Righteous Among the Nations.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "List of New Avengers story arcs",
"paragraph_text": "This is a chronological list of story arcs in the comic book series \"New Avengers\" created by Brian Michael Bendis and David Finch. Drawn by Finch, Leinil Francis Yu, Billy Tan, Stuart Immonen, Mike Deodato, and Howard Chaykin, \"New Avengers\" presents the adventures of a new team of Avengers after the events of the \"Avengers Disassembled\" storyline.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Phillip Alford",
"paragraph_text": "Phillip Alford (born September 11, 1948) is an American actor best known for his role as Jem Finch in the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "All the Bright Places",
"paragraph_text": "Theodore Finch and Violet Markey are two teenagers who want to escape from their small Indiana town. Violet is a popular girl who's secretly dealing with survivor's remorse, and Finch is a boy obsessed with death, labelled a freak by other students. Fate brought the two together when both climbed the bell tower at school at the same time, planning to jump off the ledge. Finch is surprised that Violet is up there, because she's a popular school cheerleader. But Violet has been dealing with the death of her sister, Eleanor, for which she feels responsible. Eleanor died in a car accident, and Violet has n't been in a car since. She quit the student council, then cheerleading, and now cares about absolutely nothing. On the ledge, Finch talks Violet down, and Violet returns the favor.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Michelle Clunie",
"paragraph_text": "Michelle Renee Clunie (born November 7, 1969) is an American actress. She is perhaps best known for her roles as Melanie Marcus on Showtime's critically acclaimed series \"Queer as Folk\", as Mrs. Finch on MTV’s \"Teen Wolf\" and as Ellen Beals on \"Make It or Break It\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Jimmy Matlock",
"paragraph_text": "Jimmy Matlock (born February 5, 1959) is a Republican member of the Tennessee House of Representatives for the 21st district, encompassing Lenoir City, and parts of Loudon County and Monroe County. He served from 2007 to 2019. He succeeded Russell Johnson. Matlock was succeeded by Lowell Russell.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Paschal Russell",
"paragraph_text": "Paschal Russell (born 1948) is an Irish former hurler who played as a midfielder and as a forward for the Clare senior team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Edith Finch Russell",
"paragraph_text": "Finch was Bertrand Russell's fourth and last wife. She first met Russell in the 1930s through her close friend and housemate Lucy Martin Donnelly, who was a friend of Russell's first wife, Alys. Finch moved to England in 1950 and married Russell in December 1952. By all accounts it was a very happy marriage. The couple settled in Wales, where Bertrand died in 1970. Edith died in 1978.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The September Society",
"paragraph_text": "The September Society, by Charles Finch, is the mystery set in Oxford and London, England in autumn 1866, during the Victorian era. It is the second novel in a series featuring gentleman and amateur detective Charles Lenox, and the first of two books Finch has written about Oxford, along with The Last Enchantments.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Ralph Schoenman",
"paragraph_text": "Ralph Schoenman (born 1935) is an American left-wing activist who was a personal secretary to Bertrand Russell and became general secretary of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation. He was involved in a number of projects supported by Russell, including the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), the Committee of 100 and an unofficial war crimes tribunal to try American leaders for their conduct in the Vietnam War. Shortly before his death in 1970, Russell publicly broke with Schoenman.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Bok globule",
"paragraph_text": "Bok globules were first observed by astronomer Bart Bok in the 1940s. In an article published in 1947, he and Edith Reilly hypothesized that these clouds were \"similar to insect's cocoons\" that were undergoing gravitational collapse to form new stars, from which stars and star clusters were born.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Mary Badham",
"paragraph_text": "Mary Badham (born October 7, 1952) is an American actress, known for her portrayal of Jean Louise ``Scout ''Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. At the time, Badham (aged 10) was the youngest actress ever nominated in this category.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "List of To Kill a Mockingbird characters",
"paragraph_text": "When Boo finally does come out, he has a good reason: Bob Ewell is trying to murder the Finch children. No one sees what happens in the scuffle, but at the end of it, Ewell is dead and Boo carries an unconscious Jem to the Finch house. Finally faced with Boo, Scout does n't recognize him at first, but suddenly realizes who he is. Boo Radley is played by Robert Duvall in the film.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Keeper of the Bees (1935 film)",
"paragraph_text": "Keeper of the Bees is a 1935 American film directed by Christy Cabanne. The film depicts WWI veteran Jamie McFarland (played by Neil Hamilton) and his search for meaning in his last six months to live, and Molly Campbell (played by Betty Furness), a young woman looking to save her sister's child from being left alone. It also features Emma Dunn as Margaret Campbell, Molly's charming mother and Edith Fellows as Jean-Marie \"Little Scout\" (not to be confused with Scout Finch), an adventurous young girl trying to fit in with her male friends.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Raymond Postgate",
"paragraph_text": "Raymond Postgate was born in Cambridge, the eldest son of John Percival Postgate and Edith Allen, Postgate was educated at St John's College, Oxford, where, despite being sent down for a period because of his pacifism, he gained a First in Honour Moderations in 1917.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Mary Badham",
"paragraph_text": "Mary Badham (born October 7, 1952) is an American actress who portrayed Jean Louise \"Scout\" Finch in \"To Kill a Mockingbird\" (1962), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. At the time, Badham (aged 10) was the youngest actress ever nominated in this category.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When was the spouse of Edith Finch Russell born?
|
[
{
"id": 653962,
"question": "Edith Finch Russell >> spouse",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 31101,
"question": "When was #1 born?",
"answer": "1872",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] |
1872
|
[] | true |
2hop__136275_806280
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Blanche of Anjou",
"paragraph_text": "Blanche of Anjou (1280 – 14 October 1310) was Queen of Aragon as the second spouse of King James II. She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou, she is also known as \"Blanche of Naples\". She served as Regent or \"Queen-Lieutenant\" of Aragon during the absence of her spouse in 1310.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Daniel Lindsay Russell",
"paragraph_text": "Daniel Lindsay Russell Jr. (August 7, 1845May 14, 1908) was the 49th Governor of North Carolina, serving from 1897 to 1901. An attorney, judge, and politician, he had also been elected as state representative and to the United States Congress, serving 1879-1881. Although he fought with the Confederacy during the Civil War, Russell and his father were both Unionists. After the war, Russell joined the Republican Party in North Carolina, which was an unusual affiliation for one of the planter class. In the postwar period he served as a state judge, as well as in the state and national legislatures.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Phenix City, Alabama",
"paragraph_text": "Phenix City is a city in Lee and Russell counties in the State of Alabama, and the county seat of Russell County. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 32,822.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Applewood Farm",
"paragraph_text": "Applewood Farm is a farmstead in Ledyard, Connecticut, United States. Constructed in 1826 by Russel Gallup, the farmhouse was built with a colonial center chimney design with Federal style details that has been modernized to the early 20th century without significantly changing the floor plan. Named after the apple orchards planted by Russel Gallup, Applewood Farm developed significantly under the ownership of Everett Gallup, the last member of the family to own the property. The property was later owned by Arlene Meyer Cohen and a 40-acre parcel was sold off in November 1984. After the Betz family became the owners it was added to the National Register of Historic Places and operated as a bed and breakfast through the 1990s. In 1987, the property included five contributory structures, the farmhouse, corn crib, barn, silo and chicken coop. The property also has one non-contributing structure, a machinery shed from the 1960s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Bedford Row, Limerick",
"paragraph_text": "Bedford Row () is a shopping street in Limerick, Ireland. The street is named after John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford who was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1757 to 1761. The street starts at a junction with O'Connell Street and continues westwards forming a junction with Henry Street and continues between Dunnes Stores and the Augustinian Church and ends at Howley's Quay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Jehovah's Witnesses",
"paragraph_text": "Russell moved the Watch Tower Society's headquarters to Brooklyn, New York, in 1909, combining printing and corporate offices with a house of worship; volunteers were housed in a nearby residence he named Bethel. He identified the religious movement as \"Bible Students,\" and more formally as the International Bible Students Association. By 1910, about 50,000 people worldwide were associated with the movement and congregations re-elected him annually as their \"pastor.\" Russell died October 31, 1916, at the age of 64 while returning from a ministerial speaking tour.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Star Wars: Storm in the Glass",
"paragraph_text": "Star Wars: Storm in the Glass (, refers to operation of Persian Gulf War \"Desert Storm\"), sometimes translated as Star Wars: Tempest in a Teapot, is a humorous 2004 English-to-Russian movie spoof of the 1999 science fantasy film \"\" by popular Russian movie translator Dmitry \"Goblin\" Puchkov. In dubbing the film into Russian, Puchkov altered the plotline, character names, music, and certain visual effects to provide a different (and funny) experience to Russian-speaking audiences.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mount Korsch",
"paragraph_text": "Mount Korsch () is a pyramidal peak, rising to about on the northwest margin of Markham Plateau, Queen Elizabeth Range, Antarctica, west of Mount Markham. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in 1988 after geologist Russell J. Korsch who, with E. Stump and D. Egerton, climbed and geologically mapped this peak on December 3, 1985, as a member of a United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) field party. Korsch was a member of USARP field parties, 1968–69 and 1985–86, and of New Zealand Antarctic Research Program field parties, 1982–83 and 1984–85.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "30 Urania",
"paragraph_text": "Urania (minor planet designation: 30 Urania) is a large main-belt asteroid that was discovered by English astronomer John Russell Hind on July 22, 1854. It was his last asteroid discovery. This object is named after Urania, the Greek Muse of astronomy. Initial orbital elements for 30 Urania were published by Wilhelm Günther, an assistant at Breslau Observatory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "National School Lunch Act",
"paragraph_text": "The Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (79 P.L. 396, 60 Stat. 230) is a United States federal law that created the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) to provide low - cost or free school lunch meals to qualified students through subsidies to schools. The program was established as a way to prop up food prices by absorbing farm surpluses, while at the same time providing food to school age children. It was named after Richard Russell, Jr., signed into law by President Harry S. Truman in 1946, and entered the federal government into schools dietary programs on June 4, 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Russell's teapot",
"paragraph_text": "Russell's teapot is an analogy, formulated by the philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), to illustrate that the philosophic burden of proof lies upon a person making unfalsifiable claims, rather than shifting the burden of \"disproof\" to others.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "History of Jehovah's Witnesses",
"paragraph_text": "Jehovah's Witnesses had its origins in the Bible Student movement, which developed in the United States in the 1870s among followers of Christian Restorationist minister Charles Taze Russell. Bible Student missionaries were sent to England in 1881 and the first overseas branch was opened in London in 1900. The group took on the name International Bible Students Association and by 1914 it was also active in Canada, Germany, Australia and other countries. The movement split into several rival organizations after Russell's death in 1916, with one -- led by Russell's successor, Joseph ``Judge ''Rutherford -- retaining control of both his magazine, The Watch Tower, and his legal and publishing corporation, the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "John Russell, 4th Earl Russell",
"paragraph_text": "John Conrad Russell, 4th Earl Russell (16 November 1921 – 16 December 1987) was the eldest son of the philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (the 3rd Earl) and his second wife, Dora Black. His middle name was a tribute to the writer Joseph Conrad, whom his father had long admired. He was the great-grandson of the 19th century British Whig Prime Minister Lord John Russell. He succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father on 2 February 1970.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Marianne Brandt",
"paragraph_text": "Marianne Brandt (1 October 1893 – 18 June 1983), German painter, sculptor, photographer and designer who studied at the Bauhaus art school in Weimar and later became head of the Bauhaus \"Metall-Werkstatt\" (Metal Workshop) in Dessau in 1927. Today, Brandt's designs for household objects such as lamps, ashtrays and teapots are considered timeless examples of modern industrial design. She is also created of photomontages.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Colorado Territory",
"paragraph_text": "In 1858, Green Russell and a party of Georgians, having heard the story of the gold in the South Platte from Cherokee after they returned from California, set out to mine the area they described. That summer they founded a mining camp Auraria (named for a gold mining camp in Georgia) at the confluence of the South Platte and Cherry Creek. The Georgians left for their home state the following winter. At Bent's Fort along the Arkansas River, Russell told William Larimer, Jr., a Kansas land speculator, about the placer gold they had found. Larimer, realizing the opportunity to capitalize on it, hurried to Auraria. In November 1858, he laid claim to an area across Cherry Creek from Auraria and named it \"Denver City\" in honor of James W. Denver, the current governor of the Kansas Territory. Larimer did not intend to mine gold himself; he wanted to promote the new town and sell real estate to eager miners.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Russell Township, Russell County, Kansas",
"paragraph_text": "Russell Township is a township in Russell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, it had a population of 82.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tekoa Mountain",
"paragraph_text": "Tekoa Mountain, , is a dramatic, rocky high point overlooking the Westfield River Gorge at the eastern edge of the Berkshire plateau in the towns of Montgomery and Russell, Massachusetts, USA. Tekoa Mountain, very prominent from the \"Jacob's Ladder\" section of U.S. Route 20 in the town of Russell, is not a true mountain but a cleaver jutting from a dissected plateau; it was produced by glacial action and through continuous erosion by the Westfield River and Moose Meadow Brook before and after the last ice age.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Two Eyes",
"paragraph_text": "\"Two Eyes\" was Russell's first and only album with Warner Bros. Records, whom she signed with after leaving A&M Records (the label that had released her first two solo albums). However, despite the impressive list of personnel, the album was not a commercial success and Russell's contract with Warner Bros. came to an end. Russell would return to A&M a few years later for her next album.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Baldwin Valley",
"paragraph_text": "Baldwin Valley () is an ice-filled valley in the Saint Johns Range, lying northwest of Pond Peak in Victoria Land of Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Russel R. Baldwin, U.S. Navy, who was in charge of the Airfield Maintenance Branch at McMurdo Station in 1962.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Greenwood Valley",
"paragraph_text": "Greenwood Valley () is an ice-filled valley at the west side of Wilson Piedmont Glacier, lying between Staeffler Ridge and Mount Doorly in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Russell A. Greenwood, U.S. Navy, who was in charge of heavy equipment maintenance at McMurdo Station, 1962.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who married the founder of Russell's teapot?
|
[
{
"id": 136275,
"question": "Whom is Russell's teapot named after?",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 806280,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Dora Black",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] |
Dora Black
|
[] | true |
2hop__841492_31102
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Norman Swartz",
"paragraph_text": "Norman Swartz (born 1939) is a professor emeritus (retired 1998) of philosophy, Simon Fraser University. He is the author or co-author of multiple books and multiple articles on the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. He earned a B.A. in physics from Harvard University in 1961, an M.A. in history and philosophy of science from Indiana University in 1965 and a Ph.D. in history of philosophy of science in 1971 also from Indiana University. He uses the term physical law to mean the laws of nature as they truly are and not as they are inferred and described in the practice of science.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Kurt Gödel Society",
"paragraph_text": "The Kurt Gödel Society was founded in Vienna, Austria in 1987. It is an international organization aimed at promoting research primarily on logic, philosophy and the history of mathematics, with special attention to connections with Kurt Gödel, in whose honour it was named.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Louis Kauffman",
"paragraph_text": "Louis Hirsch Kauffman (born February 3, 1945) is an American mathematician, topologist, and professor of Mathematics in the Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer science at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He is known for the introduction and development of the bracket polynomial and the Kauffman polynomial.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy",
"paragraph_text": "The Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy is an endowed professorship established at Harvard College in 1727 by Thomas Hollis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Scripta Mathematica",
"paragraph_text": "Scripta Mathematica was a quarterly journal published by Yeshiva University devoted to the philosophy, history, and expository treatment of mathematics. It was said to be, at its time, \"the only mathematical magazine in the world edited by specialists for laymen.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Melvyn B. Nathanson",
"paragraph_text": "Melvyn Bernard Nathanson (born October 10, 1944, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American mathematician, specializing in number theory, and a Professor of Mathematics at Lehman College and The Graduate Center (City University of New York). His principal work is in additive and combinatorial number theory. He is the author of over 150 research papers in mathematics, and author or editor of 20 books.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Louis Bourguet",
"paragraph_text": "Louis Bourguet (23 April 1678, Nîmes – 31 December 1742, Neuchâtel) was a polymath and correspondent of Leibniz who wrote on archaeology, geology, philosophy, Biblical scholarship and mathematics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Kenneth Allen Taylor",
"paragraph_text": "Kenneth Allen Taylor (born 1954) is an American philosopher. He was the chair of the department of philosophy at Stanford University from 2001 to 2009. Professor Taylor specializes in philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. His interests include semantics, reference, naturalism, and relativism. He is the author of numerous articles, which have appeared in journals such as \"Noûs\", \"Philosophical Studies\", and \"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research\", and three books, \"Truth and Meaning: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language\" (Blackwell Publishers), \"Reference and the Rational Mind\" (CSLI Publications) \"Meaning Diminished: Toward Metaphysically Modest Semantics.\" (Oxford University Press)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Philip Ehrlich",
"paragraph_text": "Philip Ehrlich is Professor at Department of Philosophy of Ohio University. His main areas of interest are Logic, History of Mathematics, and Philosophy of Science.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "John Samuel Forrest",
"paragraph_text": "John Samuel Forrest attended the famous Hamilton Academy school where he won the Dux Medal, Mathematics Medal and the Science Medal, and coming third in the University of Glasgow Bursary Examination of 1925 was awarded the John Clerk (Mile End) Bursary to study Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at the university. In 1929 while still an under-graduate Forrest was admitted as a research student in the Science Faculty and awarded the Thomson Experimental Scholarship followed by the Mackay-Smith Scholarship. He also won the Thomson Prize in Astronomy and graduated in 1930 with a double degree, B.Sc. in pure science, with a second class honours in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jacques Rancière",
"paragraph_text": "Jacques Rancière (; born 1940) is a French philosopher, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School in Saas-Fee and former Professor of Philosophy at the who came to prominence when he co-authored \"Reading Capital\" (1968), with the structuralist Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Context principle",
"paragraph_text": "The context principle is one of Gottlob Frege's ``three fundamental principles ''for philosophical analysis, first discussed in his Introduction to The Foundations of Arithmetic (Grundlagen der Arithmetik, 1884). Frege argued that many philosophical errors, especially those related to psychologism in the philosophy of logic and philosophy of mathematics, could be avoided by adhering carefully to the context principle. The view of meaning expressed by the context principle is sometimes called contextualism, but should not be confused with the common contemporary use of the term contextualism in epistemology or ethics. This view need not be contrasted with the view that the meanings of words or expressions can (or must) be determined prior to, and independently of, the meanings of the propositions in which they occur, which is often referred to as compositionalism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy",
"paragraph_text": "Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy is a book by Bertrand Russell, published in 1919, written in part to exposit in a less technical way the main ideas of his and Whitehead's \"Principia Mathematica\" (1910–13), including the theory of descriptions.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Arabic Sciences and Philosophy",
"paragraph_text": "Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, subtitled \"A Historical Journal\", is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press. The journal deals with the history of Arabic science, mathematics and philosophy between the 8th and the 18th centuries in a cross-cultural context. It publishes original papers on the history of these disciplines as well as studies of the relations between Arabic sciences and philosophy, with Greek, Indian, Chinese, Latin, Byzantine, Syriac, and Hebrew sciences and philosophy. The journal was established in 1991 and is published twice a year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Jean-Claude Falmagne",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Claude Falmagne (born February 4, 1934, in Brussels, Belgium) is a mathematical psychologist whose scientific contributions deal with problems in reaction time theory, psychophysics, philosophy of science, measurement theory, decision theory, and educational technology. Together with Jean-Paul Doignon, he developed knowledge space theory, which is the mathematical foundation for the ALEKS software for the assessment of knowledge in various academic subjects, including K-12 mathematics, chemistry, and accounting.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "William Craig (philosopher)",
"paragraph_text": "William Craig (November 13, 1918 – January 13, 2016) was an American academic and philosopher, who taught at the University of California, Berkeley, in Berkeley, California. His research interests included mathematical logic, and the philosophy of science, and he is best known for the Craig interpolation theorem.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Margaret Hamilton (software engineer)",
"paragraph_text": "Margaret Heafield was born on August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana, to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield (née Partington). After graduating from Hancock High School in 1954, she studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955. She earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy from Earlham College in 1958.She briefly taught high school mathematics and French upon graduation to support her husband while he worked on his undergraduate degree at Harvard University. She moved to Boston, Massachusetts, with the intention of doing graduate study in abstract mathematics at Brandeis University. She cites Florence Long, the head of the math department at Earlham College, as helping with her desire to pursue abstract mathematics and become a mathematics professor. She had other inspirations outside the world of technology including her father (a philosopher and poet), and her grandfather (a school headmaster and Quaker minister). She says these men inspired her to include a minor in philosophy in her studies.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica",
"paragraph_text": "The French mathematical physicist Alexis Clairaut assessed it in 1747: \"The famous book of Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy marked the epoch of a great revolution in physics. The method followed by its illustrious author Sir Newton ... spread the light of mathematics on a science which up to then had remained in the darkness of conjectures and hypotheses.\"A more recent assessment has been that while acceptance of Newton's theories was not immediate, by the end of a century after publication in 1687, \"no one could deny that\" (out of the Principia) \"a science had emerged that, at least in certain respects, so far exceeded anything that had ever gone before that it stood alone as the ultimate exemplar of science generally.\"In formulating his physical theories, Newton developed and used mathematical methods now included in the field of calculus. But the language of calculus as we know it was largely absent from the Principia; Newton gave many of his proofs in a geometric form of infinitesimal calculus, based on limits of ratios of vanishing small geometric quantities. In a revised conclusion to the Principia (see General Scholium), Newton used his expression that became famous, Hypotheses non fingo (\"I feign no hypotheses\").",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Stephen Menn",
"paragraph_text": "Stephen Menn (born 1964) is Professor of Philosophy at McGill University and, between 2011 and 2015, was Professor of Ancient and Contemporary Philosophy at Humboldt University of Berlin and the author of \"Descartes and Augustine\" about the origin of Descartes' \"cogito\". His specialties include ancient philosophy (Plato, Aristotle, Stoicism and neo-Platonism), medieval philosophy (Western and Islamic). He is also a mathematician, holding a doctorate in Mathematics from Johns Hopkins University in 1985 and one in Philosophy from University of Chicago in 1989.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the author of Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy die?
|
[
{
"id": 841492,
"question": "Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy >> author",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 31102,
"question": "When did #1 die?",
"answer": "1970",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
] |
1970
|
[] | true |
2hop__841492_31101
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Arabic Sciences and Philosophy",
"paragraph_text": "Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, subtitled \"A Historical Journal\", is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press. The journal deals with the history of Arabic science, mathematics and philosophy between the 8th and the 18th centuries in a cross-cultural context. It publishes original papers on the history of these disciplines as well as studies of the relations between Arabic sciences and philosophy, with Greek, Indian, Chinese, Latin, Byzantine, Syriac, and Hebrew sciences and philosophy. The journal was established in 1991 and is published twice a year.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Philip Ehrlich",
"paragraph_text": "Philip Ehrlich is Professor at Department of Philosophy of Ohio University. His main areas of interest are Logic, History of Mathematics, and Philosophy of Science.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Margaret Hamilton (software engineer)",
"paragraph_text": "Margaret Heafield was born on August 17, 1936, in Paoli, Indiana, to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield (née Partington). After graduating from Hancock High School in 1954, she studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955. She earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy from Earlham College in 1958.She briefly taught high school mathematics and French upon graduation to support her husband while he worked on his undergraduate degree at Harvard University. She moved to Boston, Massachusetts, with the intention of doing graduate study in abstract mathematics at Brandeis University. She cites Florence Long, the head of the math department at Earlham College, as helping with her desire to pursue abstract mathematics and become a mathematics professor. She had other inspirations outside the world of technology including her father (a philosopher and poet), and her grandfather (a school headmaster and Quaker minister). She says these men inspired her to include a minor in philosophy in her studies.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Jacques Rancière",
"paragraph_text": "Jacques Rancière (; born 1940) is a French philosopher, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School in Saas-Fee and former Professor of Philosophy at the who came to prominence when he co-authored \"Reading Capital\" (1968), with the structuralist Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Kenneth Allen Taylor",
"paragraph_text": "Kenneth Allen Taylor (born 1954) is an American philosopher. He was the chair of the department of philosophy at Stanford University from 2001 to 2009. Professor Taylor specializes in philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. His interests include semantics, reference, naturalism, and relativism. He is the author of numerous articles, which have appeared in journals such as \"Noûs\", \"Philosophical Studies\", and \"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research\", and three books, \"Truth and Meaning: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language\" (Blackwell Publishers), \"Reference and the Rational Mind\" (CSLI Publications) \"Meaning Diminished: Toward Metaphysically Modest Semantics.\" (Oxford University Press)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy",
"paragraph_text": "Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy is a book by Bertrand Russell, published in 1919, written in part to exposit in a less technical way the main ideas of his and Whitehead's \"Principia Mathematica\" (1910–13), including the theory of descriptions.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "John Samuel Forrest",
"paragraph_text": "John Samuel Forrest attended the famous Hamilton Academy school where he won the Dux Medal, Mathematics Medal and the Science Medal, and coming third in the University of Glasgow Bursary Examination of 1925 was awarded the John Clerk (Mile End) Bursary to study Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at the university. In 1929 while still an under-graduate Forrest was admitted as a research student in the Science Faculty and awarded the Thomson Experimental Scholarship followed by the Mackay-Smith Scholarship. He also won the Thomson Prize in Astronomy and graduated in 1930 with a double degree, B.Sc. in pure science, with a second class honours in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Volker Halbach",
"paragraph_text": "Volker Halbach (born 21 October 1965 in Ingolstadt, Germany) is a German logician and philosopher. His main research interests are in philosophical logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of language, and epistemology, with a focus on formal theories of truth. He is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, Tutorial Fellow of New College, Oxford.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Context principle",
"paragraph_text": "The context principle is one of Gottlob Frege's ``three fundamental principles ''for philosophical analysis, first discussed in his Introduction to The Foundations of Arithmetic (Grundlagen der Arithmetik, 1884). Frege argued that many philosophical errors, especially those related to psychologism in the philosophy of logic and philosophy of mathematics, could be avoided by adhering carefully to the context principle. The view of meaning expressed by the context principle is sometimes called contextualism, but should not be confused with the common contemporary use of the term contextualism in epistemology or ethics. This view need not be contrasted with the view that the meanings of words or expressions can (or must) be determined prior to, and independently of, the meanings of the propositions in which they occur, which is often referred to as compositionalism.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Jean-Claude Falmagne",
"paragraph_text": "Jean-Claude Falmagne (born February 4, 1934, in Brussels, Belgium) is a mathematical psychologist whose scientific contributions deal with problems in reaction time theory, psychophysics, philosophy of science, measurement theory, decision theory, and educational technology. Together with Jean-Paul Doignon, he developed knowledge space theory, which is the mathematical foundation for the ALEKS software for the assessment of knowledge in various academic subjects, including K-12 mathematics, chemistry, and accounting.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Louis Kauffman",
"paragraph_text": "Louis Hirsch Kauffman (born February 3, 1945) is an American mathematician, topologist, and professor of Mathematics in the Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer science at the University of Illinois at Chicago. He is known for the introduction and development of the bracket polynomial and the Kauffman polynomial.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Stephen Menn",
"paragraph_text": "Stephen Menn (born 1964) is Professor of Philosophy at McGill University and, between 2011 and 2015, was Professor of Ancient and Contemporary Philosophy at Humboldt University of Berlin and the author of \"Descartes and Augustine\" about the origin of Descartes' \"cogito\". His specialties include ancient philosophy (Plato, Aristotle, Stoicism and neo-Platonism), medieval philosophy (Western and Islamic). He is also a mathematician, holding a doctorate in Mathematics from Johns Hopkins University in 1985 and one in Philosophy from University of Chicago in 1989.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Scripta Mathematica",
"paragraph_text": "Scripta Mathematica was a quarterly journal published by Yeshiva University devoted to the philosophy, history, and expository treatment of mathematics. It was said to be, at its time, \"the only mathematical magazine in the world edited by specialists for laymen.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Norman Swartz",
"paragraph_text": "Norman Swartz (born 1939) is a professor emeritus (retired 1998) of philosophy, Simon Fraser University. He is the author or co-author of multiple books and multiple articles on the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. He earned a B.A. in physics from Harvard University in 1961, an M.A. in history and philosophy of science from Indiana University in 1965 and a Ph.D. in history of philosophy of science in 1971 also from Indiana University. He uses the term physical law to mean the laws of nature as they truly are and not as they are inferred and described in the practice of science.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy",
"paragraph_text": "The Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy is an endowed professorship established at Harvard College in 1727 by Thomas Hollis.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Donald Kingsbury",
"paragraph_text": "Donald MacDonald Kingsbury (born 12 February 1929 in San Francisco) is an American–Canadian science fiction author. Kingsbury taught mathematics at McGill University, Montreal, from 1956 until his retirement in 1986.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Albert Lautman",
"paragraph_text": "Albert Lautman (February 8, 1908 – August 1, 1944) was a French philosopher of mathematics, born in Paris. An escaped prisoner of war, was shot by the German authorities in Toulouse on 1 August 1944.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Melvyn B. Nathanson",
"paragraph_text": "Melvyn Bernard Nathanson (born October 10, 1944, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American mathematician, specializing in number theory, and a Professor of Mathematics at Lehman College and The Graduate Center (City University of New York). His principal work is in additive and combinatorial number theory. He is the author of over 150 research papers in mathematics, and author or editor of 20 books.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kurt Gödel Society",
"paragraph_text": "The Kurt Gödel Society was founded in Vienna, Austria in 1987. It is an international organization aimed at promoting research primarily on logic, philosophy and the history of mathematics, with special attention to connections with Kurt Gödel, in whose honour it was named.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When was the author of Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy born?
|
[
{
"id": 841492,
"question": "Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy >> author",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 31101,
"question": "When was #1 born?",
"answer": "1872",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
] |
1872
|
[] | true |
2hop__136275_240540
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Baldwin Valley",
"paragraph_text": "Baldwin Valley () is an ice-filled valley in the Saint Johns Range, lying northwest of Pond Peak in Victoria Land of Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Russel R. Baldwin, U.S. Navy, who was in charge of the Airfield Maintenance Branch at McMurdo Station in 1962.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "John Russell, 4th Earl Russell",
"paragraph_text": "John Conrad Russell, 4th Earl Russell (16 November 1921 – 16 December 1987) was the eldest son of the philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (the 3rd Earl) and his second wife, Dora Black. His middle name was a tribute to the writer Joseph Conrad, whom his father had long admired. He was the great-grandson of the 19th century British Whig Prime Minister Lord John Russell. He succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father on 2 February 1970.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Bedford Row, Limerick",
"paragraph_text": "Bedford Row () is a shopping street in Limerick, Ireland. The street is named after John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford who was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1757 to 1761. The street starts at a junction with O'Connell Street and continues westwards forming a junction with Henry Street and continues between Dunnes Stores and the Augustinian Church and ends at Howley's Quay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Applewood Farm",
"paragraph_text": "Applewood Farm is a farmstead in Ledyard, Connecticut, United States. Constructed in 1826 by Russel Gallup, the farmhouse was built with a colonial center chimney design with Federal style details that has been modernized to the early 20th century without significantly changing the floor plan. Named after the apple orchards planted by Russel Gallup, Applewood Farm developed significantly under the ownership of Everett Gallup, the last member of the family to own the property. The property was later owned by Arlene Meyer Cohen and a 40-acre parcel was sold off in November 1984. After the Betz family became the owners it was added to the National Register of Historic Places and operated as a bed and breakfast through the 1990s. In 1987, the property included five contributory structures, the farmhouse, corn crib, barn, silo and chicken coop. The property also has one non-contributing structure, a machinery shed from the 1960s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Star Wars: Storm in the Glass",
"paragraph_text": "Star Wars: Storm in the Glass (, refers to operation of Persian Gulf War \"Desert Storm\"), sometimes translated as Star Wars: Tempest in a Teapot, is a humorous 2004 English-to-Russian movie spoof of the 1999 science fantasy film \"\" by popular Russian movie translator Dmitry \"Goblin\" Puchkov. In dubbing the film into Russian, Puchkov altered the plotline, character names, music, and certain visual effects to provide a different (and funny) experience to Russian-speaking audiences.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Sarah Fane, Countess of Westmorland",
"paragraph_text": "Sarah Fane, Countess of Westmorland (\"née\" Sarah Anne Child; 28 August 1764 – 9 November 1793) was the only child of Robert Child, the owner of Osterley Park and principal shareholder in the banking firm Child & Co. She married John Fane, 10th Earl of Westmorland, on 20 May 1782 at Gretna Green after they eloped together. Her parents were dissatisfied with the match: Sarah Anne being an only child, her father wanted her to marry a commoner who would take the Child name; but Sarah Anne told her mother, \"A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.\" Her father cut her out of his will, leaving his house and fortune to Sarah Anne's second son or eldest daughter, instead of the Westmorland heir.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Ibrahim ibn Muhammad",
"paragraph_text": "Ibrahim ibn Muhammad () was the male child of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Maria al-Qibtiyya. He was born in the last month of the year 8 AH, equivalent of ca 630 AD. His mother was an Egyptian slave who was sent as a gift from Muqawqis, a Byzantine official, to Muhammad in 628. The child was named after Ibrahim, the Islamic Prophet and common ancestor of the Arabs and Hebrews. The child was placed in the care of a wet nurse called Umm Sayf, wife of Abu Sayf, the blacksmith, in the tradition of the Arabs of the time, to whom Muhammad gave some goats to complement her milk supply.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mount Alice (British Columbia)",
"paragraph_text": "Mount Alice is a mountain located at the Queens Reach arm of the Jervis Inlet within the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains in British Columbia Canada. The mountain was named during the 1860 survey by who charted all of the known area and named the mountain after HRH Alice Maud Mary who was the third child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Karen Kilimnik",
"paragraph_text": "Karen traveled through much of the United States and Canada as a young child. She often spoke of Russell, Manitoba as being an inspiration for her later works. Karen Kilimnik studied at Temple University, Philadelphia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "30 Urania",
"paragraph_text": "Urania (minor planet designation: 30 Urania) is a large main-belt asteroid that was discovered by English astronomer John Russell Hind on July 22, 1854. It was his last asteroid discovery. This object is named after Urania, the Greek Muse of astronomy. Initial orbital elements for 30 Urania were published by Wilhelm Günther, an assistant at Breslau Observatory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Top Chef Canada",
"paragraph_text": "The host for the first season of the Canadian program was Thea Andrews. After giving birth to her second child, Andrews stepped down from the position. On November 15, 2011, actress Lisa Ray announced that she was named as host.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Russell's teapot",
"paragraph_text": "Russell's teapot is an analogy, formulated by the philosopher Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), to illustrate that the philosophic burden of proof lies upon a person making unfalsifiable claims, rather than shifting the burden of \"disproof\" to others.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Mouse and His Child",
"paragraph_text": "The Mouse and His Child is a novel by Russell Hoban first published in 1967. It has been described as \"a classic of children's literature and is the book for which Hoban is best known.\" It was adapted into an animated film in 1977. A new edition with new illustrations by David Small was released in 2001.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "History of Jehovah's Witnesses",
"paragraph_text": "Jehovah's Witnesses had its origins in the Bible Student movement, which developed in the United States in the 1870s among followers of Christian Restorationist minister Charles Taze Russell. Bible Student missionaries were sent to England in 1881 and the first overseas branch was opened in London in 1900. The group took on the name International Bible Students Association and by 1914 it was also active in Canada, Germany, Australia and other countries. The movement split into several rival organizations after Russell's death in 1916, with one -- led by Russell's successor, Joseph ``Judge ''Rutherford -- retaining control of both his magazine, The Watch Tower, and his legal and publishing corporation, the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "National School Lunch Act",
"paragraph_text": "The Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (79 P.L. 396, 60 Stat. 230) is a United States federal law that created the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) to provide low - cost or free school lunch meals to qualified students through subsidies to schools. The program was established as a way to prop up food prices by absorbing farm surpluses, while at the same time providing food to school age children. It was named after Richard Russell, Jr., signed into law by President Harry S. Truman in 1946, and entered the federal government into schools dietary programs on June 4, 1946.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Two Eyes",
"paragraph_text": "\"Two Eyes\" was Russell's first and only album with Warner Bros. Records, whom she signed with after leaving A&M Records (the label that had released her first two solo albums). However, despite the impressive list of personnel, the album was not a commercial success and Russell's contract with Warner Bros. came to an end. Russell would return to A&M a few years later for her next album.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Angela Martin",
"paragraph_text": "In the season eight premiere Angela is married to Robert and pregnant. She is pregnant with her first child but she has a step son with Robert. Angela wanted to name her son ``Philip ''after her cat, but Pam (who is pregnant with her 2nd child) wanted the name`` Philip'' after her grandfather. Angela tried browbeating Pamela into giving up the name rights -- in a deleted scene, she said Jim would n't take care of the name because ``he ca n't even get a decent haircut! ''-- and after Pam rebuffed her, threatened to take the name first by having a C - section done (even though she would only be six months' pregnant at the time). In the end, both children are named Philip.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Colorado Territory",
"paragraph_text": "In 1858, Green Russell and a party of Georgians, having heard the story of the gold in the South Platte from Cherokee after they returned from California, set out to mine the area they described. That summer they founded a mining camp Auraria (named for a gold mining camp in Georgia) at the confluence of the South Platte and Cherry Creek. The Georgians left for their home state the following winter. At Bent's Fort along the Arkansas River, Russell told William Larimer, Jr., a Kansas land speculator, about the placer gold they had found. Larimer, realizing the opportunity to capitalize on it, hurried to Auraria. In November 1858, he laid claim to an area across Cherry Creek from Auraria and named it \"Denver City\" in honor of James W. Denver, the current governor of the Kansas Territory. Larimer did not intend to mine gold himself; he wanted to promote the new town and sell real estate to eager miners.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "List of Seattle Seahawks starting quarterbacks",
"paragraph_text": "Season Quarterback (s) Ref (s) Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (2 -- 1) 1984 Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (1 -- 1) Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (0 -- 1) 1988 Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (0 -- 1) 1999 Kitna, Jon! Jon Kitna (0 -- 1) 2003 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (0 -- 1) Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (0 -- 1) 2005 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (2 -- 1) 2006 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) 2007 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) 2012 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1) 2013 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (3 -- 0) 2014 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (2 -- 1) 2015 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1) 2016 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Greenwood Valley",
"paragraph_text": "Greenwood Valley () is an ice-filled valley at the west side of Wilson Piedmont Glacier, lying between Staeffler Ridge and Mount Doorly in Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Russell A. Greenwood, U.S. Navy, who was in charge of heavy equipment maintenance at McMurdo Station, 1962.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who is the child of the person Russell's teapot is named after?
|
[
{
"id": 136275,
"question": "Whom is Russell's teapot named after?",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 240540,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Conrad Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] |
Conrad Russell
|
[] | true |
2hop__805717_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Franz Ries",
"paragraph_text": "Franz Ries (Berlin, 7 April 1846 – Naumburg, 20 January 1932) was a Romantic German violinist and composer, son of Hubert Ries. He studied at the Paris Conservatory. He also worked in the publishing business.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "RIS Delitti Imperfetti",
"paragraph_text": "RIS Delitti Imperfetti is an Italian television series, created in 2004 by Pietro Valsecchi, broadcast since January 2005 on Canale 5. The title, where \"RIS\" is an acronym for \"Reparto Investigazioni Scientifiche\" (an actual, real-life unit of the Carabinieri, the Italian gendarmerie), could be approximately translated into English as \"Unit of Scientific Investigations: Imperfect Crimes\". As the title indicates, the series is a crime drama, focusing on the scientific aspects of crime investigations, in a similar vein to the popular American TV series \"\" (though RIS is not a remake thereof).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Meshanticut Interchange",
"paragraph_text": "The Meshanticut Interchange is a highway interchange complex in Cranston, Rhode Island, USA. It was one of the first interchange complexes in Rhode Island, opening around the same time as the Olneyville Bypass, the RI 2/RI 117 interchange and relocated RI 3 (now I-95) (and long after the Point Street Viaduct, opened in 1940 and has not been changed since its opening in the early 1950s. The interchange is named after Meshanticut Brook, which flows through it.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ri Sang-sim",
"paragraph_text": "Ri Sang-sim (; born October 10, 1979 in Pyongyang) is a North Korean judoka who competed in the women's half-lightweight category. She finished fifth in the 52-kg division at the 2003 World Judo Championships in Osaka, Japan, and also represented her nation North Korea at the 2004 Summer Olympics.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The Sims 4",
"paragraph_text": "Seven life stages are available including baby, toddler, child, teenager, young adult, adult and elder. The baby life stage is accessible only through the birth of a Sim and not available in Create A Sim. Toddlers were initially absent from the original game release, but were added in the January 2017 patch.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "The Sims FreePlay",
"paragraph_text": "In The Sims FreePlay, players ``build ''and design houses and customize and create (a maximum of 34) virtual people called Sims. Players can control their Sims to satisfy their wishes, and let them complete different kinds of actions to gain Simoleons, Lifestyle Points, and Social Points (all three currencies in the game). The game runs in real - time, and takes real time to complete actions. All actions must be instructed by players, unlike in the Windows version, where Sims have some degree of autonomy. Players can progress through 55 levels to unlock content (such as furniture for the Sims' houses) that can be purchased with the virtual currencies previously mentioned. Families of Sims can have children, provided there is one adult; there is a limit on the amount of allowable couples due to a limit on the people in the player's town. However, if the player buys items from the online store, they become a VIP that will allow them to increase the number of Sims they can have in their town. In the game, there are`` quests'' that players are required to complete, as well as optional quests (``discovery quests '') that they may choose to pursue. Sims must bake a cake to age, until completion of a certain quota of discovery quests. To make, a cake takes 24 hours and costs 5 Lifestyle Points.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake",
"paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "The Sims FreePlay",
"paragraph_text": "In The Sims FreePlay, players build houses, control virtual people called Sims to satisfy their needs and wishes, and let them complete different kinds of actions to gain Simoleons, LifeStyle Points, Social Points (all three are currencies in the game), and XP. The Sims FreePlay runs in real - time and takes real time to complete actions. All actions must be instructed by players, unlike in the computer version, where Sims can have some degree of autonomy. Players can progress through 55 levels to unlock content and create up to 34 Sims. In the game, only married sims can have children and there is a limit on the amount of allowable couples due to a limit on the people in the player's town. However, if the player buys items off the online store, they become a VIP that will allow them to increase the number of sims they can have in their town. In the game, there are main quests and discovery quests. Whereas regular quests are required, the discovery quests are optional.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Samsung Galaxy Core",
"paragraph_text": "Samsung Galaxy Core GT-I8260 single sim card slot model and Samsung Galaxy Core GT-I8262 dual sim card variant are smartphone manufactured by Samsung Electronics that runs on the open source Android 4.1.2 Jellybean operating system. Announced by Samsung in early May 2013, the Dual-SIM model has been released in mid-to-late May 2013, and the single-SIM version for July 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Very Private Life of Mister Sim",
"paragraph_text": "The Very Private Life of Mister Sim (original title: La Vie très privée de Monsieur Sim; also known as The Terrible Privacy of Mr. Sim) is a 2015 French comedy-drama film directed by Michel Leclerc and starring Jean-Pierre Bacri. It is an adaptation of the novel \"The Terrible Privacy of Maxwell Sim\" by English author Jonathan Coe. It was released in France on 16 December 2015.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sang Dhesian",
"paragraph_text": "Sang Dhesian (Dhesian Sang) is a village in Phillaur tahsil of Jalandhar district of Punjab state of India known for Baba Sang ji Gurdwara.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Sims, North Dakota",
"paragraph_text": "Sims is a ghost town in Morton County, North Dakota, United States. The town was founded in 1883, and Sims Scandinavian Lutheran Church was constructed the following year. Today, the church has been restored and still worships every other Sunday. The church parsonage has also been restored and is home to the Sims Historical Society Museum.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Eastport, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in Ri Sang-sim's birthplace?
|
[
{
"id": 805717,
"question": "Ri Sang-sim >> place of birth",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__771227_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Ri Hyon-ju",
"paragraph_text": "Ri Hyon-ju (born 20 February 1996 in Pyongyang) is a North Korean diver. He competed in the 10 metre platform at the 2012 Summer Olympics.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Church of Divine Mercy",
"paragraph_text": "The Church of Divine Mercy is a Catholic church in Singapore. It is located at 19 Pasir Ris Street 72.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Eastport, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "RIS Delitti Imperfetti",
"paragraph_text": "RIS Delitti Imperfetti is an Italian television series, created in 2004 by Pietro Valsecchi, broadcast since January 2005 on Canale 5. The title, where \"RIS\" is an acronym for \"Reparto Investigazioni Scientifiche\" (an actual, real-life unit of the Carabinieri, the Italian gendarmerie), could be approximately translated into English as \"Unit of Scientific Investigations: Imperfect Crimes\". As the title indicates, the series is a crime drama, focusing on the scientific aspects of crime investigations, in a similar vein to the popular American TV series \"\" (though RIS is not a remake thereof).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Jacksonville University",
"paragraph_text": "Jacksonville University (JU) is a private university in Jacksonville, Florida. The school was founded in 1934 as a two-year college and was known as Jacksonville Junior College until September 5, 1956, when it shifted focus to building four-year university degree programs and later graduated its first four-year degree candidates as Jacksonville University in June 1959. It is a member of the Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). JU's student body currently represents more than 40 U.S. states and approximately 45 countries around the world. As a Division I university, it is home to 19 sports teams, known as the JU Dolphins, as well as intramural sports and clubs. Among the top majors declared by JU students are aviation management, biology, nursing, business and marine science.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Franz Ries",
"paragraph_text": "Franz Ries (Berlin, 7 April 1846 – Naumburg, 20 January 1932) was a Romantic German violinist and composer, son of Hubert Ries. He studied at the Paris Conservatory. He also worked in the publishing business.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake",
"paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Meshanticut Interchange",
"paragraph_text": "The Meshanticut Interchange is a highway interchange complex in Cranston, Rhode Island, USA. It was one of the first interchange complexes in Rhode Island, opening around the same time as the Olneyville Bypass, the RI 2/RI 117 interchange and relocated RI 3 (now I-95) (and long after the Point Street Viaduct, opened in 1940 and has not been changed since its opening in the early 1950s. The interchange is named after Meshanticut Brook, which flows through it.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Ri (administrative division)",
"paragraph_text": "A ri or village is an administrative unit in both North Korea and South Korea similar to the unit of village.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes",
"paragraph_text": "No. overall No. in season Title Original air date U.S. viewers (millions) 215 ``A Storm Is Approaching ''June 17, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 17) TBD Kylie is close to giving birth to baby Stormi and while the family is getting ready for the baby's arrival, they receive emotional news from Kim about Chicago 216`` TBD'' June 24, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 24) TBD Khloe gets excited about the birth of her baby girl, as she enters the final trimester. News of Tristan Thompson are leaked.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the birthplace of Ri Hyon-ju?
|
[
{
"id": 771227,
"question": "Ri Hyon-ju >> place of birth",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__176478_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Witch's Love",
"paragraph_text": "Witch's Love Promotional poster Original title 마녀의사랑 Genre Romantic comedy Mystery Fantasy Written by Son Eun - hye Directed by Park Chan - yool Starring Yoon So - hee Hyun Woo Lee Hong - bin Kim Young - ok Go Soo - hee Country of origin South Korea Original language (s) Korean No. of episodes 12 Production Executive producer (s) Sohn Ki - won Camera setup Single - camera Production company (s) Kim Jong - hak Production Distributor MBN Release Original network MBN Picture format 1080i (HDTV) Audio format Dolby Digital Original release July 25 (2018 - 07 - 25) -- August 30, 2018 (2018 - 08 - 30) External links Website Production website",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Oklahoma",
"paragraph_text": "Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In the 112th Congress, Oklahoma's U.S. senators were Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives were John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Dance India Dance",
"paragraph_text": "Salman Yusuff Khan (from Remo Ke Rangeelay) was the winner. Alisha Singh (from Terence Ki Toli) was 1st runner - up. Siddhesh Pal (from Geeta Ki Gang) was 2nd runner - up. Jai Kumar Nair (from Terence Ki Toli) was 3rd runner - up.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Fly High Run Far",
"paragraph_text": "Fly High Run Far () is a 1991 South Korean film directed by Im Kwon-taek. It was chosen as Best Film at the Grand Bell Awards.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Eastport, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake",
"paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ok Tedi environmental disaster",
"paragraph_text": "The Ok Tedi environmental disaster caused severe harm to the environment along of the Ok Tedi River and the Fly River in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea between about 1984 and 2013. The lives of 50,000 people have been disrupted. One of the worst environmental disasters caused by humans, it is a consequence of the discharge of about two billion tons of untreated mining waste into the Ok Tedi from the Ok Tedi Mine, an open pit mine in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Jeonbuk Science College",
"paragraph_text": "Jeonbuk Science College is a junior college in Jeongeup, North Jeolla Province, South Korea. It was founded in 1993. The current president is Kwon E Dam (권이담).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Kwon Da-kyung",
"paragraph_text": "Kwon Da-kyung is a South Korean professional footballer who last played for Home United in the S.League. He plays as a midfielder.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Kawasaki Ki-100",
"paragraph_text": "The Kawasaki Ki-100 is a fighter aircraft used by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service in World War II. The Japanese Army designation was \"Type 5 Fighter\" (五式戦闘機: \"Go-shiki sentouki\" or abbreviated as \"Goshikisen\"). No new Allied code name was assigned to this type; 275 Ki-100 airframes were built as Ki-61s before being modified to accept a Mitsubishi Ha-112-II radial engine in place of the original Kawasaki Ha-40 inline engine.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Kansai Ki-in",
"paragraph_text": "The Kansai Ki-in (関西棋院), i.e., Kansai Go Association, is an organizational body for the game of Go in Japan, which was founded by Hashimoto Utaro in 1950. Though it is not as large as its chief rival, the Nihon Ki-in, it also issues diplomas to strong players and oversees professionals as the Nihon Ki-in does.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Emma Willis",
"paragraph_text": "On 5 July 2008, Emma Griffiths married Busted member Matt Willis at Rushton Hall, Northamptonshire, after three years of dating. The wedding was featured in OK magazine. She gave birth to their first child, a daughter called Isabelle, in June 2009. In November 2011, the couple had a second child, a son called Ace, and in May 2016, Willis gave birth to her third child, a girl called Trixie.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Kwon Ki-ok",
"paragraph_text": "Kwon Ki-ok (born Pyongyang, Korea, 11 January 1901 – 19 April 1988) was the first Korean female aviator, as well as being the first female pilot in China.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in Kwon Ki-ok's birthplace?
|
[
{
"id": 176478,
"question": "Kwon Ki-ok >> place of birth",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__67684_18221
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Casino Raiders II",
"paragraph_text": "Casino Raiders II is a 1991 Hong Kong action drama film directed by Johnnie To and starring Andy Lau, Dave Wong, Jacklyn Wu and Monica Chan. Despite the title, the film is the third installment in the \"Casino Raiders\" film series, following \"Casino Raiders\" (1989) and \"No Risk, No Gain\" (1990). The film franchise all have different storyline while sharing a common principal star of Andy Lau.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "William S. Simmons Plantation",
"paragraph_text": "The William S. Simmons Plantation, also known as the Wesley House, is a Greek Revival brick home located in Cave Spring, Georgia, United States, North America. The home was built in the 1840s, prior to the American Civil War, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "George M. Steinbrenner Field",
"paragraph_text": "George M. Steinbrenner Field serves as the home of the Tampa Tarpons, the New York Yankees' affiliate in the Class A Advanced Florida State League, and is the Yankees' spring training home.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Rod Barksdale",
"paragraph_text": "Rod Barksdale is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League for the Los Angeles Raiders and Dallas Cowboys. He practiced track & field at the University of Arizona.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "2017 Oakland Raiders season",
"paragraph_text": "The 2017 Oakland Raiders season is the 58th overall season of the Oakland Raiders franchise, the franchise's 48th season in the National Football League, their 24th season since their return to Oakland, and the third under head coach Jack Del Rio. The Raiders are looking to win their first AFC West title since 2002 and the Super Bowl for the first time since 1983, when the club was still in Los Angeles. The Raiders began the season on September 10 at the Tennessee Titans and will finish the season December 31 at the Los Angeles Chargers. The Raiders, as they did in 2016, will play one home game in Mexico City, this time against the New England Patriots.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "RingCentral Coliseum",
"paragraph_text": "The Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum, often referred to as the Oakland Coliseum, is a multi-purpose stadium in Oakland, California, United States, which is home to both the Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). It opened in 1966 and is the only remaining stadium in the United States that is shared by professional football and baseball teams. The Coliseum was also home to some games of the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer in 2008 -- 2009 and hosted games at the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup. The Oakland -- Alameda County Coliseum complex consists of the stadium and the neighboring Oracle Arena.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "SC Herford",
"paragraph_text": "SC Herford's home field is the Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Stadion and they share the use of the facility with the second division women's side of Herforder SV Borussia Friedenstal. Built in 1955 and re-furbished in the late 1990s, the stadium has a capacity of 18,400 which includes approximately 1,400 seats.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Hiram Charles Todd House",
"paragraph_text": "The Hiram Charles Todd House, also known as the Marvin-Sackett-Todd House, is located on Franklin Square in Saratoga Springs, New York, United States. It is a Greek Revival house built in the 1830s by a local hotelier. Later it was home to Hiram Charles Todd, a descendant of one of the original owners who was active in New York state politics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Spring training",
"paragraph_text": "Spring training typically starts in mid-February and continues until just before Opening Day of the regular season, traditionally the first week of April. In some years, teams not scheduled to play on Opening Day will play spring training games that day. Pitchers and catchers report to spring training first because pitchers benefit from a longer training period. A few days later, position players arrive and team practice begins.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Bladon Springs, Alabama",
"paragraph_text": "Bladon Springs is an unincorporated community in Choctaw County, Alabama, United States. The community grew up around and gained its name from the mineral springs that once were operated as a renowned hotel and spa, now within the modern Bladon Springs State Park. The community itself featured many ornate homes and cottages built as summer residences by people from other parts of the state and elsewhere. Much of the community is part of the Bladon Springs Historic District, listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on April 1, 1976.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Training camp (National Football League)",
"paragraph_text": "In the National Football League, training camp refers to the time before the season commences. During this time, teams will sometimes congregate at an outside location, usually a university, to conduct training camp for at least the first few weeks. This is similar to baseball's spring training.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "In addition to Mesa, the club has held spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas (1886, 1896–1900), (1909–1910) New Orleans (1870, 1907, 1911–1912); Champaign, Illinois (1901–02, 1906); Los Angeles (1903–04, 1948–1949), Santa Monica, California (1905); French Lick, Indiana (1908, 1943–1945); Tampa, Florida (1913–1916); Pasadena, California (1917–1921); Santa Catalina Island, California (1922–1942, 1946–1947, 1950–1951); Rendezvous Park in Mesa (1952–1965); Blair Field in Long Beach, California (1966); and Scottsdale, Arizona (1967–1978).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Ed Smith Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Ed Smith Stadium is a baseball field located in Sarasota, Florida. Since 2010, it has been the spring training home of the Baltimore Orioles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Glenn Field",
"paragraph_text": "Glenn Field is the former home field for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets fast pitch softball team located in Midtown Atlanta, Georgia. Glenn Field was built in 1987 and has a capacity of 500 spectators. Glenn Field is one of the two Tech sports facilities off campus being located adjacent to Atlantic Station. The field dimensions are 190 feet to left and right fields and 220 feet to center field. Tech holds a 247-153-2 record at home (0.614 winning percentage). The current field is Shirley C. Mewborn field.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "EMC AB6",
"paragraph_text": "The EMC AB6 was a type of diesel locomotive built exclusively for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (the \"Rock Island Line\") by General Motors' Electro-Motive Corporation and delivered in June 1940. Two examples were built, numbered #750 and #751. They were built for the \"Rocky Mountain Rocket\" passenger train, which travelled as a unified train from Chicago, Illinois, to Limon, Colorado, which then divided. One section went to Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the other to Denver, Colorado. The Rock Island desired a locomotive that could look like an integrated part of the train during the Chicago-Limon portion of the route, and could then be operated independently to take three cars to Colorado Springs. A regular, cab-equipped A-unit could have been purchased, but that would have ruined the streamlined look of the train, so the RI had EMC build a flat-fronted locomotive based on an E-series E6B (B unit) but with an operating cab, headlight, pilot, and other features to enable it to operate as an independent locomotive.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Salt River Fields at Talking Stick",
"paragraph_text": "Salt River Fields at Talking Stick The main entry to the stadium behind home plate. Full name Salt River Fields at Talking Stick Location 7555 N. Pima Road Scottsdale, AZ 85258 PH # 480 - 270 - 5000 Coordinates 33 ° 32 ′ 46 ''N 111 ° 53 ′ 7'' W / 33.54611 ° N 111.88528 ° W / 33.54611; - 111.88528 Coordinates: 33 ° 32 ′ 46 ''N 111 ° 53 ′ 7'' W / 33.54611 ° N 111.88528 ° W / 33.54611; - 111.88528 Owner Salt River Pima -- Maricopa Indian Community Capacity 11,000 Record attendance 12,996 (March 16, 2014) Field size Left Field -- 345 feet (105 m) Left - Center -- 390 feet (119 m) Center Field -- 410 feet (125 m) Right - Center -- 390 feet (119 m) Right Field -- 345 feet (105 m) Acreage 140 acres Surface Bermuda Grass Construction Broke ground November 17, 2009 Opened Grand Opening February 11, 2011 First game February 26, 2011 Construction cost $100 million ($106 million in 2016 dollars) Architect HKS, Inc. General contractor Mortenson Construction Tenants Colorado Rockies (MLB) (spring training) (2011 -- present) Arizona Diamondbacks (MLB) (spring training) (2011 -- present) Website www.saltriverfields.com",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "John and Sarah Sheffield House",
"paragraph_text": "The John and Sarah Sheffield House, also known as Paradise Springs Farm, in southeast Portland in the U.S. state of Oregon, is a two-story dwelling listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1866 as a farm house, it was added to the register in 1991. It is one of the oldest remaining homes in its neighborhood.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Roger Dean Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium Roger Dean Stadium pictured in 2009 Full name Roger Dean Chevrolet Stadium Location 4751 Main Street Jupiter, Florida 33458 (561) 775 - 1818 26 ° 53 ′ 28 ''N 80 ° 06 ′ 59'' W / 26.89111 ° N 80.11639 ° W / 26.89111; - 80.11639 Owner Palm Beach County Operator Jupiter Stadium Limited Capacity 6,871 Field size Left Field: 335 ft Left - Center: 380 ft Center Field: 400 ft Right - Center: 375 ft Right Field: 325 ft Surface Grass Construction Broke ground March 6, 1997 Opened February 28, 1998 Construction cost US $28 million ($42 million in 2017 dollars) Architect Populous Structural engineer Bliss & Nyitray, Inc. Services engineer Bredson & Associates, Inc. General contractor Case Contracting Company Tenants GCL Cardinals (GCL) (1998 -- present) Jupiter Hammerheads (FSL) (1998 -- present) Montreal Expos (MLB) (spring training) (1998 -- 2002) St. Louis Cardinals (MLB) (spring training) (1998 -- present) Palm Beach Cardinals (FSL) (2003 -- present) GCL Marlins (GCL) (2003 -- present) Miami Marlins (MLB) (spring training) (2003 -- present)",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When was the spring training home of the team sharing a field with the Raiders built?
|
[
{
"id": 67684,
"question": "who do the raiders share a field with",
"answer": "Oakland Athletics",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 18221,
"question": "When was the spring training home of the #1 built?",
"answer": "1976",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
] |
1976
|
[] | true |
2hop__798372_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Nam Theun",
"paragraph_text": "Nam Theun, also known as Khading, is a river in Laos, in Khammouane and Bolikhamsai Provinces. Together with its tributaries Nam One, Nam Noy, and Nam Theun it has total length of and drains an area of . \"Nam Theun\" is also three options for large dams on the same river, called Nam Theun 1, Nam Theun 1-2 and Nam Theun 2. Nam Theun 2, which was considered the most economic of the three options, is in operation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Ben Pakulski",
"paragraph_text": "Benjamin \"Ben\" Pakulski (born March 18, 1981 in Toronto, Ontario), nicknamed the Pak-Man, is a Canadian IFBB professional bodybuilder and winner of the 2008 Mr. Canada competition. In the IFBB, he finished 2nd twice in 2008. He has increased his standing in the Arnold Classic competition, placing 2nd in 2013, after a 4th-place finish in 2012 and a 10th-place finish in 2011. In the 2012 Mr. Olympia contest, his first-ever, he finished 11th.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Manual For Successful Rioting",
"paragraph_text": "Manual For Successful Rioting is the third album by French electronic turntable band Birdy Nam Nam. Released in 2009 with Has Been and Jive Sbme Europe on CD and LP formats, the record features production by Yuksek and includes co-production by Justice.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Eastport, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mitti Na Pharol Jogiya",
"paragraph_text": "Mitti Na Pharol Jogiya (2015) is a Punjabi film based on a true story of 1947 Partition of India and showcases Indo-Pak harmony.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Cố Trạch Temple",
"paragraph_text": "The Trần Temple of Nam Định (Đền Trần, Nam Định) is a temple complex of which the more recent middle section is dedicated to national hero Hưng Đạo Đại Vương (Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn) in Nam Định, Vietnam.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes",
"paragraph_text": "No. overall No. in season Title Original air date U.S. viewers (millions) 215 ``A Storm Is Approaching ''June 17, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 17) TBD Kylie is close to giving birth to baby Stormi and while the family is getting ready for the baby's arrival, they receive emotional news from Kim about Chicago 216`` TBD'' June 24, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 24) TBD Khloe gets excited about the birth of her baby girl, as she enters the final trimester. News of Tristan Thompson are leaked.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement",
"paragraph_text": "The summit consisted of two preceding events: a ``Senior Officials Meeting ''on 26 and 27 August 2012, and a`` Ministerial Meeting'' on 28 and 29 August 2012. The leaders summit took place on 30 and 31 August. Egyptian President Mohammad Morsi officially handed the presidency of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) to Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, during the inaugural ceremony of Leaders' Meeting. Iran will hold the NAM presidency for four years until the 17th summit in Venezuela in 2016.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "North African campaign",
"paragraph_text": "The North African Campaign of the Second World War took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943. It included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert Campaign, also known as the Desert War) and in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch), as well as Tunisia (Tunisia Campaign).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Pak Nam-chol (judoka)",
"paragraph_text": "Pak Nam-chol (; born January 12, 1979 in Pyongyang) is a North Korean judoka, who competed in the men's extra-lightweight category. He finished fifth in the 60-kg division at the 2003 World Judo Championships in Osaka, Japan, and later represented his nation North Korea at the 2004 Summer Olympics.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake",
"paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Milo's Astro Lanes",
"paragraph_text": "Milo's Astro Lanes is a 1998 bowling game for the Nintendo 64 developed by Player 1 and published by Crave Entertainment. The game takes place in a space setting where there are intergalactic bowling alleys. It makes use of the Rumble Pak and the Controller Pak. The latter must be used for the former to be used.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in Pak Nam-chol's birthplace?
|
[
{
"id": 798372,
"question": "Pak Nam-chol >> place of birth",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__602786_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Eastport, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mad Dog (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": "Mad Dog Promotional poster Original title 매드독 Genre Crime Created by KBS Drama Production Written by Kim Soo - jin Directed by Hwang Ui - kyung Starring Yoo Ji - tae Woo Do - hwan Ryu Hwa - young Jo Jae - yoon Kim Hye - sung Hong Soo - hyun Country of origin South Korea Original language (s) Korean No. of episodes 16 Production Executive producer (s) Kang Byung - taek Park Jae - sam Shim Jae - hyun Producer (s) Kim Young - chon Lee Young - bum Camera setup Single - camera Running time 60 mins Production company (s) Imagine Asia Celltrion Entertainment Distributor KBS Release Original network KBS2 Picture format 1080i (HDTV) Audio format Dolby Digital Original release October 11 (2017 - 10 - 11) -- November 30, 2017 (2017 - 11 - 30) External links Website",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Kang Tongbi",
"paragraph_text": "Kang Tongbi or Kang Tung Pih (; 1887–1969) was the daughter of Kang Youwei, a Chinese reformer and political figure of the late Qing dynasty and early Republican era.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Kang Shin-hyo",
"paragraph_text": "Kang Shin-Hyo (born August 13, 1989) is a South Korean actor. Kang was studying acting in classes run by director Shin Yeon-Shik, when Shin cast him in the leading role of his independent film, \"The Russian Novel\" (2013).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake",
"paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Aquariums of Pyongyang",
"paragraph_text": "The Aquariums of Pyongyang, by Kang Chol-hwan and Pierre Rigoulot, is an account of the imprisonment of Kang Chol-Hwan and his family in the Yodok concentration camp in North Korea.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes",
"paragraph_text": "No. overall No. in season Title Original air date U.S. viewers (millions) 215 ``A Storm Is Approaching ''June 17, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 17) TBD Kylie is close to giving birth to baby Stormi and while the family is getting ready for the baby's arrival, they receive emotional news from Kim about Chicago 216`` TBD'' June 24, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 24) TBD Khloe gets excited about the birth of her baby girl, as she enters the final trimester. News of Tristan Thompson are leaked.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Xiong Kang",
"paragraph_text": "Xiong Kang succeeded his father Xiong Qu. The \"Records of the Grand Historian\" (\"Shiji\") says that Xiong Kang died early and Xiong Qu was succeeded by Xiong Zhi, but the recently discovered Tsinghua Bamboo Slips recorded Xiong Kang as the successor of Xiong Qu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Pak Nam-chol (judoka)",
"paragraph_text": "Pak Nam-chol (; born January 12, 1979 in Pyongyang) is a North Korean judoka, who competed in the men's extra-lightweight category. He finished fifth in the 60-kg division at the 2003 World Judo Championships in Osaka, Japan, and later represented his nation North Korea at the 2004 Summer Olympics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kang Sin-young",
"paragraph_text": "Kang Sin-young (also \"Kang Sin-yeong\", ; born March 20, 1977) is a South Korean judoka, who played for the lightweight category. She won a silver medal for her division at the 2008 Asian Judo Championships in Jeju City, and bronze at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the 2008 Olympic torch arrive in the birthplace of Kang Chol-hwan?
|
[
{
"id": 602786,
"question": "Kang Chol-hwan >> place of birth",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__513676_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Eastport, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Kim Yong-ju",
"paragraph_text": "Kim Yong-ju was born to Kim Hyŏng-jik and Kang Pan-sŏk in Mangyongdae in 1920, 8 years after his elder brother Kim Il-sung. When Kim was 3 years old, his family moved to southern Manchuria.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Jacksonville University",
"paragraph_text": "Jacksonville University (JU) is a private university in Jacksonville, Florida. The school was founded in 1934 as a two-year college and was known as Jacksonville Junior College until September 5, 1956, when it shifted focus to building four-year university degree programs and later graduated its first four-year degree candidates as Jacksonville University in June 1959. It is a member of the Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB). JU's student body currently represents more than 40 U.S. states and approximately 45 countries around the world. As a Division I university, it is home to 19 sports teams, known as the JU Dolphins, as well as intramural sports and clubs. Among the top majors declared by JU students are aviation management, biology, nursing, business and marine science.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Olympus Has Fallen",
"paragraph_text": "After Banning disables Kang’s communications, Kang tries to execute Secretary of Defense Ruth McMillan (Melissa Leo) outside the White House in front of the media, but Banning rescues her. With his forces dwindling, Kang fakes his and Asher's death by sacrificing several of his men and the remaining hostages. However, Banning sees through the ruse. Kang eventually cracks Asher’s code using a brute-force attack and activates Cerberus. As Kang and his remaining men attempt to escape, Banning ambushes them and kills the remaining terrorists. During the fight, Asher tries to break free from Kang's grip and is subsequently shot by him in the stomach. Banning and Kang confront each other and a climactic fight breaks out, in which Kang quickly gains the upper hand. Eventually, Banning kills Kang by stabbing him in the head with a knife and disables Cerberus with the assistance of Trumbull and his staff, with only seconds to spare.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Kang Sin-young",
"paragraph_text": "Kang Sin-young (also \"Kang Sin-yeong\", ; born March 20, 1977) is a South Korean judoka, who played for the lightweight category. She won a silver medal for her division at the 2008 Asian Judo Championships in Jeju City, and bronze at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Kang Sok-ju",
"paragraph_text": "Having obtained a Bachelor's degree in French from the University of International Affairs in Pyongyang, Kang began a diplomatic career. His first significant position was as the Korean Workers' Party's deputy director for international affairs, and then director.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Shaolin and Wu Tang",
"paragraph_text": "The Qing Lord, in his impatience to see both Wu - Tang and Shaolin destroyed, admits his true motives, and his role in Yan - ling and Master Law's deaths. Tat - chi and Ming - kai must then combine Shaolin Chin kang fist and Wu - Tang Sword style to defeat him.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Kang Tongbi",
"paragraph_text": "Kang Tongbi or Kang Tung Pih (; 1887–1969) was the daughter of Kang Youwei, a Chinese reformer and political figure of the late Qing dynasty and early Republican era.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Xiong Kang",
"paragraph_text": "Xiong Kang succeeded his father Xiong Qu. The \"Records of the Grand Historian\" (\"Shiji\") says that Xiong Kang died early and Xiong Qu was succeeded by Xiong Zhi, but the recently discovered Tsinghua Bamboo Slips recorded Xiong Kang as the successor of Xiong Qu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake",
"paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Chung Mong-hun",
"paragraph_text": "Chung Mong-hun (September 14, 1948 – August 4, 2003) was the 5th son of Chung Ju-yung, the founder of the South Korean Hyundai conglomerate. After the death of his father, he took over part of his father's role and became the chairman of Hyundai Asan, the company in charge of various business ventures between North and South Korea. He committed suicide in 2003.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the city where Kang Sok-ju died?
|
[
{
"id": 513676,
"question": "Kang Sok-ju >> place of death",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__177373_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ifedore",
"paragraph_text": "Ifedore is a Local Government Area in Ondo State, Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Igbara-Oke. Elizade University is located in the area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Oklahoma",
"paragraph_text": "Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In the 112th Congress, Oklahoma's U.S. senators were Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives were John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Han Kum-ok",
"paragraph_text": "Han Kum-ok (born 22 September 1987 in Pyongyang) is a North Korean freestyle wrestler. She competed in the freestyle 55 kg event at the 2012 Summer Olympics and was eliminated in the 1/8 finals by Jackeline Rentería.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Eastport, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake",
"paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Emma Willis",
"paragraph_text": "On 5 July 2008, Emma Griffiths married Busted member Matt Willis at Rushton Hall, Northamptonshire, after three years of dating. The wedding was featured in OK magazine. She gave birth to their first child, a daughter called Isabelle, in June 2009. In November 2011, the couple had a second child, a son called Ace, and in May 2016, Willis gave birth to her third child, a girl called Trixie.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Matsudaira Teru",
"paragraph_text": "Matsudaira Teru was born as the third daughter of Hoshina Masamoto, \"daimyō\" of the Iino han in Kazusa. Her name, written in authentic kanji is 熈 (Teru). When she was 10 (1842), she was adopted by Matsudaira Katataka, \"daimyō\" of the Aizu han. The adoption took place because Katataka had no children; he had two sons and four daughters at that time, but all had died very young. Katataka took a liking to Teruhime during his frequent visits to the Iino family mansion in Edo. The two hans were closely related to each other, because the first \"daimyō\" of the Aizu han and the Iino han were adoptive brothers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "North African campaign",
"paragraph_text": "The North African Campaign of the Second World War took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943. It included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert Campaign, also known as the Desert War) and in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch), as well as Tunisia (Tunisia Campaign).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Ghosts of Chosun",
"paragraph_text": "Ghosts of Chosun (informal title: A Ghost Story of Joseon Dynasty) () is a 1970 South Korean film directed by Shin Sang-ok.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes",
"paragraph_text": "No. overall No. in season Title Original air date U.S. viewers (millions) 215 ``A Storm Is Approaching ''June 17, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 17) TBD Kylie is close to giving birth to baby Stormi and while the family is getting ready for the baby's arrival, they receive emotional news from Kim about Chicago 216`` TBD'' June 24, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 24) TBD Khloe gets excited about the birth of her baby girl, as she enters the final trimester. News of Tristan Thompson are leaked.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ok Tedi environmental disaster",
"paragraph_text": "The Ok Tedi environmental disaster caused severe harm to the environment along of the Ok Tedi River and the Fly River in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea between about 1984 and 2013. The lives of 50,000 people have been disrupted. One of the worst environmental disasters caused by humans, it is a consequence of the discharge of about two billion tons of untreated mining waste into the Ok Tedi from the Ok Tedi Mine, an open pit mine in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the birthplace of Han Kum-Ok?
|
[
{
"id": 177373,
"question": "Han Kum-Ok >> place of birth",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__476566_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Lee Hwa-sook",
"paragraph_text": "Lee Hwa Sook is a South Korean paralympic archer. She won the gold medal at the Women's individual recurve - Standing event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The route carried the torch through six continents from March 2008 to May 2008 to August 2008. The planned route originally included a stop in Taipei between Ho Chi Minh City and Hong Kong, but there was disagreement in Beijing and Taipei over language used to describe whether it was an international or a domestic part of the route. While the Olympic committees of China and Chinese Taipei reached initial consensus on the approach, the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan intervened, stating that this placement could be interpreted as placing Taiwan on the same level as Hong Kong and Macau, an implication it objected to. The Beijing Organizing Committee attempted to continue negotiation, but further disputes arose over the flag or the anthem of the Republic of China along the 24 km torch route in Taiwan. By the midnight deadline for concluding the negotiation on September 21, 2007, Taiwan and China were unable to come to terms with the issue of the Torch Relay. In the end, both sides of the Taiwan Strait decided to eliminate the Taipei leg.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Ryang Chun-hwa",
"paragraph_text": "Ryang Chun-hwa (; ; born 12 June 1991 in Pyongyang) is a North Korean weighlifter. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the Women's 48 kg, winning the Bronze medal. Ryang represents the April 25 Sports Team. She won the silver medal at the 2011 Summer Universiade.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Statue of Liberty",
"paragraph_text": "The Statue of Liberty is a figure of a robed woman representing Libertas, a Roman liberty goddess. She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with ``JULY IV MDCCLXXVI ''(July 4, 1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United States, and was a welcoming sight to immigrants arriving from abroad.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Hemlock woolly adelgid",
"paragraph_text": "Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), or HWA, is member of the Sternorrhyncha suborder of the order Hemiptera and native to East Asia. It feeds by sucking sap from hemlock and spruce trees (Tsuga spp.; Picea spp.). In its native range, HWA is not a serious pest because populations are managed by natural predators and parasitoids and by host resistance. In eastern North America it is a destructive pest that threatens the eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and the Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana). HWA is also found in western North America, where it has likely been present for thousands of years. In western North America, it primarily attacks western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla and has only caused minor damage due to natural predators and host resistance. Accidentally introduced to North America from Japan, HWA was first found in the eastern United States near Richmond, Virginia, in 1951. The pest is now found from northern Georgia to coastal Maine and southwestern Nova Scotia. As of 2015, 90% of the geographic range of eastern hemlock in North America has been affected by HWA.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun-Li",
"paragraph_text": "Street Fighter: The Legend of Chun - Li is a 2009 action film based on the Street Fighter series of video games. It follows the quest of Street Fighter character Chun - Li, who is portrayed by Kristin Kreuk. Its story follows Chun - Li's personal history and her journey for justice. The film co-stars Neal McDonough as M. Bison, Chris Klein as Charlie, Michael Clarke Duncan as Balrog, and Black Eyed Peas member Taboo as Vega. The Legend of Chun - Li was released on February 27, 2009 to mostly negative reviews and poor box office numbers.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake",
"paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as \"Lucky Cloud\". It is made from aluminum. It is 72 centimetres high and weighs 985 grams. The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometre per hour (37 mile per hour) winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimetres (2 inches) per hour. An ignition key is used to ignite and extinguish the flame. The torch is fueled by cans of propane. Each can will light the torch for 15 minutes. It is designed by a team from Lenovo Group. The Torch is designed in reference to the traditional Chinese concept of the 5 elements that make up the entire universe.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes",
"paragraph_text": "No. overall No. in season Title Original air date U.S. viewers (millions) 215 ``A Storm Is Approaching ''June 17, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 17) TBD Kylie is close to giving birth to baby Stormi and while the family is getting ready for the baby's arrival, they receive emotional news from Kim about Chicago 216`` TBD'' June 24, 2018 (2018 - 06 - 24) TBD Khloe gets excited about the birth of her baby girl, as she enters the final trimester. News of Tristan Thompson are leaked.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Girls (2014 film)",
"paragraph_text": "Girls () is a Chinese romantic-drama film directed by Wong Chun-chun and starring Ivy Chen, Fiona Sit, Yang Zishan, Shawn Yue, Wallace Chung and Vanness Wu. Originally scheduled for release on July 31, 2014, the film was moved a day earlier to July 30, 2014.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Bram Stoker Award",
"paragraph_text": "The Bram Stoker Award is a recognition presented annually by the Horror Writers Association (HWA) for \"superior achievement\" in dark fantasy and horror writing.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Eastport, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did Ryang Chun-hwa's birthplace experience the arrival of the torch?
|
[
{
"id": 476566,
"question": "Ryang Chun-Hwa >> place of birth",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__496161_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 June 1950, Kim Il-sung called for a Korea-wide election on 5–8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15–17 June 1950. On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South, as a peace overture that Rhee rejected. On 21 June, Kim Il-Sung revised his war plan to involve general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula. Kim was concerned that South Korean agents had learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses. Stalin agreed to this change of plan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kim André Madsen",
"paragraph_text": "Kim André Madsen (born 12 March 1989) is a Norwegian footballer who currently plays for Asker. He is also the assistant coach. He came for FC Lyn Oslo before the 2009 season, and has also been on loan at Nybergsund IL.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "U Tong-chuk",
"paragraph_text": "According to official North Korean state media, U graduated from Kim Il-sung University with a philosophy degree. He later served in a number of minor posts in the Organization and Guidance Department of the Workers' Party of Korea before being moved to a leading position in the Ministry of State Security (or State Security Department) in the 1990s. He was promoted to colonel-general, member of the National Defence Commission, and first vice-minister of State Security in 2009. This put him in charge of the ministry and gave him access to the country's top echelon, as the ministry was reportedly under Kim Jong-il directly, and he accompanied Kim Jong-il on a number of tours and official events, including a dinner with former US President Bill Clinton. On 28 September 2010, the 3rd Party Conference elevated him to member of the Politburo and the Central Military Commission; the day before he had been promoted to general of the Korean People's Army.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Kim Yong-ju",
"paragraph_text": "Kim Yong-ju was born to Kim Hyŏng-jik and Kang Pan-sŏk in Mangyongdae in 1920, 8 years after his elder brother Kim Il-sung. When Kim was 3 years old, his family moved to southern Manchuria.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Kim Jong-un",
"paragraph_text": "Scarce information on Kim Jong - un's early life comes from North Korean defectors and people who have claimed to witness him abroad, such as during his school attendance in Switzerland. Some of the information has been conflicting and contradictory, perhaps confusing him with his brother, Kim Jong - chul, who also attended school in Switzerland around the same time. Nevertheless, there has been some consensus on information about his early life. North Korean authorities have stated that his birthdate is 8 January 1982, but South Korean intelligence officials believe the actual date is a year later. Former basketball star Dennis Rodman said that the birthdate is 8 January 1983 after meeting Kim in September 2013 in North Korea. Kim Jong - Un was the second of three children Ko Yong - hui bore to Kim Jong - il; his elder brother Kim Jong - chul was born in 1981, while his younger sister, Kim Yo - jong, is believed to have been born in 1987.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Eastport, Michigan",
"paragraph_text": "Eastport is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Torch Lake Township, Antrim County, in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 218 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Defilada",
"paragraph_text": "Defilada (\"The Parade\") is a Polish 1989 documentary by Andrzej Fidyk. It focused on the cult of personality in North Korea, and was shot in 1988 on the 40th anniversary of the state's founding by Kim Il-sung. Despite its anti-totalitarian message, it has received praise from North Korea itself.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Kim Jong-nam",
"paragraph_text": "Kim Jong-nam was born 10 May 1971 in Pyongyang, North Korea, to Song Hye-rim, one of three women known to have had children with Kim Jong-il. Because Kim Jong-il aimed to keep his affair with Song a secret due to the disapproval of his father Kim Il-sung, he initially kept Jong-nam out of school, instead sending him to live with Song's older sister Song Hye-rang, who tutored him at home. North Korea Leadership Watch says he left North Korea to visit his grandmother in Moscow, Soviet Union, and spent his childhood at international schools in both Russia and Switzerland until returning to his home country in 1988.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Il Contratto",
"paragraph_text": "Il Contratto (also known as 'The Contract') is a 1953 Australian film from Giorgio Mangiamele and Italian migrants in Australia. It was completed within a year of Mangiamele's arrival in Australia from Italy.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Kim Jong-il",
"paragraph_text": "Soviet records show that Kim was born Yuri Irsenovich Kim () in 1941 in the village of Vyatskoye, near Khabarovsk, where his father, Kim Il-sung, commanded the 1st Battalion of the Soviet 88th Brigade, made up of Chinese and Korean exiles. Kim Jong-il's mother, Kim Jong-suk, was Kim Il-sung's first wife. Inside his family, he was nicknamed \"Yura\", while his younger brother Kim Man-il (born Alexander Irsenovich Kim) was nicknamed \"Shura\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake",
"paragraph_text": "The Ningbo Organizing Committee of the Beijing Olympic torch relay announced that the relay, scheduled to take place in Ningbo during national morning, would be suspended for the duration of the mourning period. The route of the torch through the country was scaled down, and there was a minute of silence when the next leg started in city of Ruijin, Jiangxi on the Wednesday after the quake.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": "The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as president on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Soviet Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a communist government led by Kim Il - sung.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Hyon Chol-hae",
"paragraph_text": "During the Korean War, Hyon served as Kim Il-sung's bodyguard, a role which gave him \"a place in North Korea's revolutionary history\". He was director of the General Logistics Department of the Korean People's Army from 1986 to 1995, when he was appointed deputy director of the General Political Department, becoming one of the senior most members of the North Korean military and political leadership. He has been described as being in \"close proximity\" to Kim Jong-il, and as reporting directly to him. It had been suggested that, following Kim Jong-il's death, he may have taken part in a military council leadership of the country. He was transferred to director of the Standing Bureau of the National Defence Commission. He has been a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 1991.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Nanny and the Professor",
"paragraph_text": "Prudence Everett (Kim Richards), the youngest of the Everett kids and the Professor's only daughter. Prudence immediately takes a liking to Nanny when she first arrives.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kim Il-chol",
"paragraph_text": "He was born in Pyongyang in 1933. He graduated from Mangyongdae Revolutionary School and the \"Soviet Union Naval Academy\". Although the North Korean army mainly depends on ground troops, Admiral Kim who was commander of the Korean People's Navy since 1982 was installed in the highest military position of the head of the Minister of the People's Armed Forces in 1998, filling a vacancy left by Choe Kwang, who died in February 1997, something that indicated that he was fully trusted by Kim Jong-il. Kim Il-chol participated as a senior delegate in the inter-Korean Defense Minister’s meeting held for the first time since the division of the Korean peninsula in September 2000.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the birthplace of Kim Il-chol?
|
[
{
"id": 496161,
"question": "Kim Il-chol >> place of birth",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__291833_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Chung Hom Kok",
"paragraph_text": "Chung Hom Kok ( or ) is an area in the southern Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong. It is a popular site for barbecue and swimming with a beach and lifeguard services available from April to October. West of Stanley, Chung Hom Kok is referred to as the most southern point on a peninsula. The peninsula is also named Chung Hom Kok and the hill Chung Hom Shan () occupies the largest part of the peninsula. Chung Hom Kok Beach () is located on the western shore Chung Hom Kok in Chung Hom Wan ().",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Paea",
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert",
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen",
"paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Biysky District",
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Territory of Papua",
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Sungin Hall",
"paragraph_text": "Sungin Hall (Hangul: 숭인전, Hanja: 崇仁殿) built in 1325 is one of the earliest shrines located at Chongno-dong, Chung-guyok, Pyongyang, North Korea. It has been registered as No.4 National Treasure of North Korea. The hall faces Sungnyong Hall of Pyongyang students' palace.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the city where Chung-guyok is located?
|
[
{
"id": 291833,
"question": "Chung-guyok >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__772781_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert",
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Potonggang-guyok",
"paragraph_text": "Potonggang-guyok is one of the 19 districts, or guyok, of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is most famous as the location of the Ryugyong Hotel. It is named after the Pothong River (literally \"the simple river\"), which serves as the district's border on all sides. It is bordered to the north by Hyongjesan-guyok, to the east by Sosong and Moranbong-guyoks, to the south by Pyongchon and Chung-guyoks, and to the west by Mangyongdae-guyok. The district was established by the Pyongyang City People's Committee in October 1960.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Sadong-guyok",
"paragraph_text": "Sadong-guyŏk, or Sadong District, is one of the 19 guyŏk, and one of the six, that constitute East Pyongyang, North Korea. It is on the eastern bank of the Taedong River, and the mouth of the Nam River. It is north of Ryŏkp'o-guyŏk (Ryokpho District), east of Taedonggang-guyŏk (Taedonggang District) and north east of Tongdaewŏn-guyŏk. It was established in September 1959.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Kangnam County",
"paragraph_text": "Kangnam County is one of the four suburban counties of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is north-west of Songrim, north-east of Hwangju County, west of Chunghwa County, and south of Nakrang-guyok. It is the location of cooperative farms and smaller industrial complexes. It became part of Pyongyang in May 1963, when it was separated from South P'yŏngan. In 2010, it was administratively reassigned from Pyongyang to North Hwanghae; foreign media attributed the change as an attempt to relieve shortages in Pyongyang's food distribution system. However, it was returned to Pyongyang in 2012.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Paea",
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Mangyongdae Funfair",
"paragraph_text": "The Mangyongdae Funfair is an amusement park located in Mangyongdae-guyok, 12 kilometers from Pyongyang, North Korea. It has an area of 70 hectares including a funfair and wading pool. In fall, 2011 the funfair was reported to have little or no Korean patronage. It has been alleged that there is a lack of genuine customers with many visitors being bussed in to the attraction. It had a roller coaster, which, while operational, was in poor repair. There is a merry-go-round and a ridable miniature railway.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Biysky District",
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the city Sadong-guyok is located?
|
[
{
"id": 772781,
"question": "Sadong-guyok >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__447194_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen",
"paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Mangyongdae Funfair",
"paragraph_text": "The Mangyongdae Funfair is an amusement park located in Mangyongdae-guyok, 12 kilometers from Pyongyang, North Korea. It has an area of 70 hectares including a funfair and wading pool. In fall, 2011 the funfair was reported to have little or no Korean patronage. It has been alleged that there is a lack of genuine customers with many visitors being bussed in to the attraction. It had a roller coaster, which, while operational, was in poor repair. There is a merry-go-round and a ridable miniature railway.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Territory of Papua",
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Kangnam County",
"paragraph_text": "Kangnam County is one of the four suburban counties of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is north-west of Songrim, north-east of Hwangju County, west of Chunghwa County, and south of Nakrang-guyok. It is the location of cooperative farms and smaller industrial complexes. It became part of Pyongyang in May 1963, when it was separated from South P'yŏngan. In 2010, it was administratively reassigned from Pyongyang to North Hwanghae; foreign media attributed the change as an attempt to relieve shortages in Pyongyang's food distribution system. However, it was returned to Pyongyang in 2012.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert",
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Tongdaewon-guyok",
"paragraph_text": "Tongdaewŏn-guyŏk or Tongdaewon District is one of the 20 wards, and one of the six that constitute East Pyongyang, North Korea. It sits on the eastern bank of the Taedong River. It is north of Sŏn'gyo-guyŏk (Songyo District), south of Taedonggang-guyŏk (Taedonggang District) and west of Sadong-guyŏk (Sadong District) and Ryŏkp'o-guyŏk (Ryokpho District). It was established in October 1960.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Potonggang-guyok",
"paragraph_text": "Potonggang-guyok is one of the 19 districts, or guyok, of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is most famous as the location of the Ryugyong Hotel. It is named after the Pothong River (literally \"the simple river\"), which serves as the district's border on all sides. It is bordered to the north by Hyongjesan-guyok, to the east by Sosong and Moranbong-guyoks, to the south by Pyongchon and Chung-guyoks, and to the west by Mangyongdae-guyok. The district was established by the Pyongyang City People's Committee in October 1960.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Biysky District",
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Paea",
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the city where Tongdaewon-guyok is located?
|
[
{
"id": 447194,
"question": "Tongdaewon-guyok >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__580734_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Territory of Papua",
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Biysky District",
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen",
"paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Songyo-guyok",
"paragraph_text": "Sŏn'gyo-guyŏk or Songyo District is one of the 19 guyŏk that constitute the city of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is on the eastern bank of the Taedong River at the center of East Pyongyang. It is bordered to the south by Nakrang-guyok, to the north by Tongdaewon-guyok and to the east by Ryokpo and Sadong-guyoks. It was established in September 1959.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Paea",
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert",
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Mangyongdae Funfair",
"paragraph_text": "The Mangyongdae Funfair is an amusement park located in Mangyongdae-guyok, 12 kilometers from Pyongyang, North Korea. It has an area of 70 hectares including a funfair and wading pool. In fall, 2011 the funfair was reported to have little or no Korean patronage. It has been alleged that there is a lack of genuine customers with many visitors being bussed in to the attraction. It had a roller coaster, which, while operational, was in poor repair. There is a merry-go-round and a ridable miniature railway.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the city Songyo-guyok is located?
|
[
{
"id": 580734,
"question": "Songyo-guyok >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__50726_168125
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Willam Christensen",
"paragraph_text": "Willam Farr Christensen (August 27, 1902 – October 14, 2001) was an American ballet dancer, choreographer and founder of the San Francisco Ballet and Ballet West in Salt Lake City, Utah. He is known for bringing the complete version of the Russian ballet \"The Nutcracker\" to the United States, as well as staging the first American performances of \"Swan Lake\" and \"Coppélia\". Christensen's \"Nutcracker\" was first staged in 1944 in San Francisco, where the ballet remains an annual tradition, though the production now staged there is not necessarily the Christensen version. Christensen is often credited with helping to rejuvenate American dance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Firebird",
"paragraph_text": "The Firebird (French: L'Oiseau de feu; Russian: Жар - птица, translit. Zhar - ptitsa) is a ballet and orchestral concert work by the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky. It was written for the 1910 Paris season of Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes company; the original choreography was by Michel Fokine, with a scenario by Alexandre Benois and Fokine based on the Russian fairy tales of the Firebird and the blessing and curse it possesses for its owner. When first performed at the Opéra de Paris on 25 June 1910, the work was an instant success with both audience and critics.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Rogneda (opera)",
"paragraph_text": "Rogneda () is an opera in five acts, composed by Alexander Serov between 1863 and 1865. The scenario, by the composer, was based on the novel \"Askold's Grave\" (\"Аскольдова могила\", 1833) by Mikhail Zagoskin and the poem \"Rogneda\" (ca. 1825) by Kondraty Ryleyev. The actual Russian libretto was created by Dmitry Averkiev in the same manner as with the composer's previous opera, \"Judith\", with the words written to fit the vocal lines \"after\" the music had been composed.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Valery Lantratov",
"paragraph_text": "Valery Lantratov (Valeri Lantratov, Walerij Lantratov, Valeriy Lantratov, ; born 24 April 1958 in Moscow) is a former principal ballet dancer with the Moscow Stanislavsky Ballet and Kremlin Ballet and general director of the Russian National Ballet Foundation.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Armenia",
"paragraph_text": "Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna, and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Whilst under Soviet rule, Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music, for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Violette Verdy",
"paragraph_text": "Violette Verdy (born Nelly Armande Guillerm; 1 December 1933 – 8 February 2016) was a French ballerina, choreographer, teacher, and writer who worked as a dance company director with the Paris Opera Ballet in France and the Boston Ballet in the United States. From 1958 to 1977 she was a principal dancer with the New York City Ballet where she performed in the world premieres of several works created specifically for her by choreographers George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins. She was Distinguished Professor of Music (Ballet) at the Jacobs School of Music, Indiana University, in Bloomington, and the recipient of two medals from the French government.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Alexander Plisetski",
"paragraph_text": "Alexander Plisetski () (20 October 1931 — 29 October 1985) was a Russian ballet master and choreographer and a younger brother of the famous Russian ballerina Maya Plisetskaya.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The Prince of the Pagodas",
"paragraph_text": "The Prince of the Pagodas is a ballet created for The Royal Ballet in 1957, by choreographer John Cranko, with music commissioned from Benjamin Britten. The ballet was later revived in a new production by Kenneth MacMillan in 1989, achieving widespread acclaim for Darcey Bussell's premiere in a principal role. The world premiere of Cranko's original production took place on 1 January 1957 at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, conducted by the composer. MacMillan's production premiering at the same venue on 7 December 1989. A recording of a slightly cut version of the score was produced with Britten conducting the orchestra of the Royal Opera House.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Les Rendezvous",
"paragraph_text": "Les Rendezvous is a plotless one-act ballet created in 1933, with choreography by Frederick Ashton to the music of Daniel Auber (the ballet music from his opera \"L'enfant prodigue\") arranged by Constant Lambert and with designs by William Chappell. It was the first major ballet created by Ashton for the Vic-Wells company.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Anna Pavlova",
"paragraph_text": "Anna Pavlovna (Matveyevna) Pavlova (Russian: Анна Павловна (Матвеевна) Павлова; February 12 (O.S. January 31) 1881 -- January 23, 1931) was a Russian prima ballerina of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. She was a principal artist of the Imperial Russian Ballet and the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev. Pavlova is most recognized for the creation of the role The Dying Swan and, with her own company, became the first ballerina to tour ballet around the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Andrey Sigle",
"paragraph_text": "Andrey Reinhardtovich Sigle (; born 15 May 1964, Gorky, USSR) is a Russian film producer, film music composer, and musician.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Marius Petipa",
"paragraph_text": "Marius Ivanovich Petipa (Russian: Ма́риус Ива́нович Петипа́), born Victor Marius Alphonse Petipa (11 March 1818 -- 14 July (O.S. 1 July) 1910) was a French and Russian ballet dancer, pedagogue and choreographer. Petipa is considered to be the most influential ballet master and choreographer in ballet history.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Herman Severin Løvenskiold",
"paragraph_text": "Baron Herman Severin Løvenskiold (30 July 1815 – 5 December 1870) was a Norwegian composer, most noted for his score for August Bournonville's 1836 version of the ballet \"La Sylphide\" for the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai (ballet)",
"paragraph_text": "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai (Russian: Бахчисарайский фонтан) is a full-length ballet in four acts, choreographed by Rostislav Zakharov to music by Boris Asafyev. The libretto by Nikolai Volkov is based on the 1823 poem of the same title by Alexander Pushkin. The ballet premiered on 28 September 1934 at the Kirov Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet, with Galina Ulanova as Maria, Olga Iordan as Zarema, Mikhail Dudko as Khan Girey, and Konstantin Sergeyev as Vaslav.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Maid of Orleans (opera)",
"paragraph_text": "The Maid of Orleans (, \"Orleanskaja deva\") is an opera in 4 acts, 6 scenes, by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. It was composed during 1878–1879 to a Russian libretto by the composer, based on several sources: Friedrich Schiller’s \"The Maid of Orleans\" as translated by Vasily Zhukovsky; Jules Barbier’s \"Jeanne d’Arc\" (\"Joan of Arc\"); Auguste Mermet’s libretto for his own opera; and Henri Wallon’s biography of Joan of Arc. Dedicated to conductor Eduard Nápravník, this work represents the composer's closest approach to French grand opera, albeit in the Russian language, notably with its inclusion of a ballet in Act 2.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Gaîté Parisienne",
"paragraph_text": "Gaîté Parisienne (literally, \"Parisian Gaiety\") is a ballet choreographed by Léonide Massine to music by Jacques Offenbach orchestrated by Manuel Rosenthal in collaboration with Jacques Brindejonc-Offenbach, the composer's nephew. With a libretto and décor by Comte Étienne de Beaumont and costumes executed by Barbara Karinska, it was first presented by the Ballet Russe de Monte-Carlo at the Théâtre de Monte Carlo on 5 April 1938.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tower Bawher",
"paragraph_text": "Tower Bawher is a 2005 constructivist-style abstract animated short by Theodore Ushev, set to the musical composition \"Time, Forward!\" by Russian composer Georgy Sviridov.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Armenians",
"paragraph_text": "Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. Many of these chants are ancient in origin, extending to pre-Christian times, while others are relatively modern, including several composed by Saint Mesrop Mashtots, the inventor of the Armenian alphabet. Whilst under Soviet rule, Armenian classical music composer Aram Khatchaturian became internationally well known for his music, for various ballets and the Sabre Dance from his composition for the ballet Gayane.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Wenzel Gährich",
"paragraph_text": "Wenzel Gährich (16 September 1794 in Cerhovice, Bohemia – 15 September 1864 in Berlin) was a German violinist and composer. Gährich composed numerous ballets, especially for Michel François Hoguet and Paul Taglioni. He was the Royal Ballet-music conductor in Berlin.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Vera de Bosset",
"paragraph_text": "Vera de Bosset Stravinsky (January 7, 1889 – September 17, 1982) was a Russian-born American dancer and artist. She is better known as the mistress and, ultimately, second wife of the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky, who married her in 1940.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] |
Who is the spouse of the Russian composer that created the music for the ballet the firebird?
|
[
{
"id": 50726,
"question": "russian composer created the music for the ballet the firebird",
"answer": "Igor Stravinsky",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 168125,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Vera de Bosset",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] |
Vera de Bosset
|
[
"Vera de Bosse"
] | true |
2hop__177981_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kim Hak-sung",
"paragraph_text": "Kim Hak-sung (; born February 28, 1968) is a professional wheelchair curler from South Korea. He is the skip for the South Korean team at the 2010 Winter Paralympics. He graduated from Seoul Art University. In addition to wheelchair curling, he has represented South Korea in both javelin, discus throw and shot put. His hobbies are internet gaming, fishing, and wheelchair basketball. His home wheelchair curling club is Wonju Yonsei Dream located in Gangwon.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "U Tong-chuk",
"paragraph_text": "According to official North Korean state media, U graduated from Kim Il-sung University with a philosophy degree. He later served in a number of minor posts in the Organization and Guidance Department of the Workers' Party of Korea before being moved to a leading position in the Ministry of State Security (or State Security Department) in the 1990s. He was promoted to colonel-general, member of the National Defence Commission, and first vice-minister of State Security in 2009. This put him in charge of the ministry and gave him access to the country's top echelon, as the ministry was reportedly under Kim Jong-il directly, and he accompanied Kim Jong-il on a number of tours and official events, including a dinner with former US President Bill Clinton. On 28 September 2010, the 3rd Party Conference elevated him to member of the Politburo and the Central Military Commission; the day before he had been promoted to general of the Korean People's Army.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": "The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as President on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Russian Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a Communist North Korean government led by Kim Il-sung. President Rhee's régime excluded communists and leftists from southern politics. Disenfranchised, they headed for the hills, to prepare for guerrilla war against the US-sponsored ROK Government.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Paek Se-yun",
"paragraph_text": "Paek Se-yun, sometimes written Paek Se-yoon, is the president of North Korea's Korea Computer Company. He has served in that capacity since 2000. In the same year, he was awarded the Order of Kim Il-sung. Paek has also been an alternate member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 1988. He was a delegate to the ninth Supreme People's Assembly, 1990-1998.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Hyon Chol-hae",
"paragraph_text": "During the Korean War, Hyon served as Kim Il-sung's bodyguard, a role which gave him \"a place in North Korea's revolutionary history\". He was director of the General Logistics Department of the Korean People's Army from 1986 to 1995, when he was appointed deputy director of the General Political Department, becoming one of the senior most members of the North Korean military and political leadership. He has been described as being in \"close proximity\" to Kim Jong-il, and as reporting directly to him. It had been suggested that, following Kim Jong-il's death, he may have taken part in a military council leadership of the country. He was transferred to director of the Standing Bureau of the National Defence Commission. He has been a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea since 1991.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "An Kyong-ho",
"paragraph_text": "He was born in Gangwon, and is a graduate of Kim Il-sung University in Pyongyang. He currently serves as the Chief Director of the Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland. He first entered international news in 1988, when he attended South-North preparatory talks. He was a delegate to the 9th and 11th sessions of the Supreme People's Assembly, held in 1990 and 2003.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Melody of Love (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": "Melody of Love () is a 2013 South Korean daily drama television series starring Kim Da-som, Baek Sung-hyun, Hwang Sun-hee, Kim Hyung-jun and Kwak Hee-sung. It aired on KBS1 from November 4, 2013 to June 6, 2014 on Mondays to Fridays at 20:20 for 151 episodes.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Dongyang University",
"paragraph_text": "Dongyang University is a private university located in Yeongju, South Korea. The graduating class of 2012 numbered 672. The current president is Sung-Hae Choi (최성해).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 June 1950, Kim Il-sung called for a Korea-wide election on 5–8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15–17 June 1950. On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South, as a peace overture that Rhee rejected. On 21 June, Kim Il-Sung revised his war plan to involve general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula. Kim was concerned that South Korean agents had learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses. Stalin agreed to this change of plan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Kim Yong-ju",
"paragraph_text": "Kim Yong-ju was born to Kim Hyŏng-jik and Kang Pan-sŏk in Mangyongdae in 1920, 8 years after his elder brother Kim Il-sung. When Kim was 3 years old, his family moved to southern Manchuria.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Kim Jong-nam",
"paragraph_text": "Kim Jong-nam was born 10 May 1971 in Pyongyang, North Korea, to Song Hye-rim, one of three women known to have had children with Kim Jong-il. Because Kim Jong-il aimed to keep his affair with Song a secret due to the disapproval of his father Kim Il-sung, he initially kept Jong-nam out of school, instead sending him to live with Song's older sister Song Hye-rang, who tutored him at home. North Korea Leadership Watch says he left North Korea to visit his grandmother in Moscow, Soviet Union, and spent his childhood at international schools in both Russia and Switzerland until returning to his home country in 1988.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": "On 7 June 1950, Kim Il - sung called for a Korea - wide election on 5 -- 8 August 1950 and a consultative conference in Haeju on 15 -- 17 June 1950. On 11 June, the North sent three diplomats to the South as a peace overture that Rhee rejected outright. On 21 June, Kim Il - Sung revised his war plan to involve a general attack across the 38th parallel, rather than a limited operation in the Ongjin peninsula. Kim was concerned that South Korean agents learned about the plans and South Korean forces were strengthening their defenses. Stalin agreed to this change of plan.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": "The resultant South Korean government promulgated a national political constitution on 17 July 1948, and elected Syngman Rhee as president on 20 July 1948. The Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established on 15 August 1948. In the Soviet Korean Zone of Occupation, the Soviet Union established a communist government led by Kim Il - sung.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": "Meanwhile, on 10 October 1950, the 89th Tank Battalion was attached to the 1st Cavalry Division, increasing the armor available for the Northern Offensive. On 15 October, after moderate KPA resistance, the 7th Cavalry Regiment and Charlie Company, 70th Tank Battalion captured Namchonjam city. On 17 October, they flanked rightwards, away from the principal road (to Pyongyang), to capture Hwangju. Two days later, the 1st Cavalry Division captured Pyongyang, the North's capital city, on 19 October 1950. Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved its capital to Sinuiju – although as UNC forces approached, the government again moved – this time to Kanggye.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Defilada",
"paragraph_text": "Defilada (\"The Parade\") is a Polish 1989 documentary by Andrzej Fidyk. It focused on the cult of personality in North Korea, and was shot in 1988 on the 40th anniversary of the state's founding by Kim Il-sung. Despite its anti-totalitarian message, it has received praise from North Korea itself.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Kim Jong-il",
"paragraph_text": "Soviet records show that Kim was born Yuri Irsenovich Kim () in 1941 in the village of Vyatskoye, near Khabarovsk, where his father, Kim Il-sung, commanded the 1st Battalion of the Soviet 88th Brigade, made up of Chinese and Korean exiles. Kim Jong-il's mother, Kim Jong-suk, was Kim Il-sung's first wife. Inside his family, he was nicknamed \"Yura\", while his younger brother Kim Man-il (born Alexander Irsenovich Kim) was nicknamed \"Shura\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kim Il-chol",
"paragraph_text": "He was born in Pyongyang in 1933. He graduated from Mangyongdae Revolutionary School and the \"Soviet Union Naval Academy\". Although the North Korean army mainly depends on ground troops, Admiral Kim who was commander of the Korean People's Navy since 1982 was installed in the highest military position of the head of the Minister of the People's Armed Forces in 1998, filling a vacancy left by Choe Kwang, who died in February 1997, something that indicated that he was fully trusted by Kim Jong-il. Kim Il-chol participated as a senior delegate in the inter-Korean Defense Minister’s meeting held for the first time since the division of the Korean peninsula in September 2000.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
On what date did the 2008 Olympic torch arrive in the city where the headquarters of Kim Il-sung University are located?
|
[
{
"id": 177981,
"question": "Kim Il-sung University >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__750066_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Sosong-guyok",
"paragraph_text": "Sŏsŏng-guyŏk, or Sosong District, is one of the 19 guyŏk of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is located on the Pot'ong River, west of the Moranbong-guyŏk (Moranbong District) and south of Hyŏngjesan-guyŏk (Hyongjesan District). It was established January 1958.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Territory of Papua",
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Paea",
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Mangyongdae Funfair",
"paragraph_text": "The Mangyongdae Funfair is an amusement park located in Mangyongdae-guyok, 12 kilometers from Pyongyang, North Korea. It has an area of 70 hectares including a funfair and wading pool. In fall, 2011 the funfair was reported to have little or no Korean patronage. It has been alleged that there is a lack of genuine customers with many visitors being bussed in to the attraction. It had a roller coaster, which, while operational, was in poor repair. There is a merry-go-round and a ridable miniature railway.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Potonggang-guyok",
"paragraph_text": "Potonggang-guyok is one of the 19 districts, or guyok, of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is most famous as the location of the Ryugyong Hotel. It is named after the Pothong River (literally \"the simple river\"), which serves as the district's border on all sides. It is bordered to the north by Hyongjesan-guyok, to the east by Sosong and Moranbong-guyoks, to the south by Pyongchon and Chung-guyoks, and to the west by Mangyongdae-guyok. The district was established by the Pyongyang City People's Committee in October 1960.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert",
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Biysky District",
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen",
"paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the city that contained Sosong-guyok?
|
[
{
"id": 750066,
"question": "Sosong-guyok >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__322936_31101
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Mad About Mambo",
"paragraph_text": "Mad About Mambo is a 2000 romantic comedy film written and directed by John Forte. It stars William Ash, Keri Russell and Brian Cox.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Russell Township, Russell County, Kansas",
"paragraph_text": "Russell Township is a township in Russell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, it had a population of 82.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "14 Irene",
"paragraph_text": "Irene (minor planet designation: 14 Irene) is a large main-belt asteroid, discovered by John Russell Hind on May 19, 1851.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Earle Hyman",
"paragraph_text": "Earle Hyman (October 11, 1926 -- November 17, 2017) was an American stage, television, and film actor. Hyman is known for his role on ThunderCats as the voice of Panthro and various other characters. He also appeared on The Cosby Show as Cliff's father, Russell Huxtable.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Bedford Row, Limerick",
"paragraph_text": "Bedford Row () is a shopping street in Limerick, Ireland. The street is named after John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford who was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1757 to 1761. The street starts at a junction with O'Connell Street and continues westwards forming a junction with Henry Street and continues between Dunnes Stores and the Augustinian Church and ends at Howley's Quay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "A Song for You",
"paragraph_text": "``A Song for You ''is a song written and originally recorded by rock singer and pianist Leon Russell for his first solo album Leon Russell, which was released in 1970 on Shelter Records. A slow, pained plea for forgiveness and understanding from an estranged lover, the tune is one of Russell's best - known compositions. It has been performed and recorded by an array of artists, spanning many musical genres. Elton John has called the song an American classic.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Ralph Schoenman",
"paragraph_text": "Ralph Schoenman (born 1935) is an American left-wing activist who was a personal secretary to Bertrand Russell and became general secretary of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation. He was involved in a number of projects supported by Russell, including the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), the Committee of 100 and an unofficial war crimes tribunal to try American leaders for their conduct in the Vietnam War. Shortly before his death in 1970, Russell publicly broke with Schoenman.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The Lightyears",
"paragraph_text": "The Lightyears are a 4-piece pop-rock band based in London, England, comprising George Owens (lead vocals and guitar), Chris Russell (vocals and piano), John Owens (bass) and Tony Lyons (vocals and drums). Though The Lightyears formed in 2003, Russell and Owens have been playing and writing together since the age of 13.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sancton Wood",
"paragraph_text": "Sancton Wood (1815–1886) was an English architect, born in Hackney. He was the son of John Wood and Harriet Russell, a niece of the painter, Richard Smirke.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Jimmy Russell",
"paragraph_text": "Arthur Christopher John Russell (29 August 1879 – 6 August 1925) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Paschal Russell",
"paragraph_text": "Paschal Russell (born 1948) is an Irish former hurler who played as a midfielder and as a forward for the Clare senior team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "John Russell, 4th Earl Russell",
"paragraph_text": "John Conrad Russell, 4th Earl Russell (16 November 1921 – 16 December 1987) was the eldest son of the philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (the 3rd Earl) and his second wife, Dora Black. His middle name was a tribute to the writer Joseph Conrad, whom his father had long admired. He was the great-grandson of the 19th century British Whig Prime Minister Lord John Russell. He succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father on 2 February 1970.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Jimmy Matlock",
"paragraph_text": "Jimmy Matlock (born February 5, 1959) is a Republican member of the Tennessee House of Representatives for the 21st district, encompassing Lenoir City, and parts of Loudon County and Monroe County. He served from 2007 to 2019. He succeeded Russell Johnson. Matlock was succeeded by Lowell Russell.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Up (2009 film)",
"paragraph_text": "Jordan Nagai as Russell. Throughout most of the film, he makes several comments to Carl that suggest that Russell's father and mother are no longer together. Russell's design was based on Pixar animator Peter Sohn. Docter auditioned 400 boys in a nationwide casting call for the part. Nagai, who is Japanese American, showed up to an audition with his brother, who was actually the one auditioning. Docter realized Nagai behaved and spoke non-stop like Russell and chose him for the part. Nagai was eight years old when cast. Docter encouraged Nagai to act physically as well as vocally when recording the role, lifting him upside down and tickling him for the scene where Russell encounters Kevin. Asian Americans have positively noted Pixar's first casting of an Asian lead character, in contrast to the common practice of casting non-Asians in Asian parts.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Daniel Lindsay Russell",
"paragraph_text": "Daniel Lindsay Russell Jr. (August 7, 1845May 14, 1908) was the 49th Governor of North Carolina, serving from 1897 to 1901. An attorney, judge, and politician, he had also been elected as state representative and to the United States Congress, serving 1879-1881. Although he fought with the Confederacy during the Civil War, Russell and his father were both Unionists. After the war, Russell joined the Republican Party in North Carolina, which was an unusual affiliation for one of the planter class. In the postwar period he served as a state judge, as well as in the state and national legislatures.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Bait 3D",
"paragraph_text": "Bait 3D is an Australian-Singaporean 3D horror disaster film directed by Kimble Rendall based on the screenplay by John Kim and Russell Mulcahy. It featured Sharni Vinson, Phoebe Tonkin, Xavier Samuel, Julian McMahon, Cariba Heine, Alex Russell, Lincoln Lewis, Alice Parkinson, and Dan Wyllie. The film was released on 20 September 2012 in Australia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "List of Seattle Seahawks starting quarterbacks",
"paragraph_text": "Season Quarterback (s) Ref (s) Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (2 -- 1) 1984 Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (1 -- 1) Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (0 -- 1) 1988 Krieg, Dave! Dave Krieg (0 -- 1) 1999 Kitna, Jon! Jon Kitna (0 -- 1) 2003 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (0 -- 1) Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (0 -- 1) 2005 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (2 -- 1) 2006 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) 2007 Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) Hasselbeck, Matt! Matt Hasselbeck (1 -- 1) 2012 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1) 2013 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (3 -- 0) 2014 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (2 -- 1) 2015 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1) 2016 Wilson, Russell! Russell Wilson (1 -- 1)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Edward Ellice (merchant)",
"paragraph_text": "Ellice was born on 27 September 1783 in London, the son of Alexander Ellice and Ann Russell. In 1795, his father purchased the Seigneury of Villechauve from Michel Chartier de Lotbinière, Marquis de Lotbinière. His younger brother was General Robert Ellice.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Phenix City, Alabama",
"paragraph_text": "Phenix City is a city in Lee and Russell counties in the State of Alabama, and the county seat of Russell County. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 32,822.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When was the son of John Rossell, 4th Earl Russell born?
|
[
{
"id": 322936,
"question": "John Russell, 4th Earl Russell >> father",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 31101,
"question": "When was #1 born?",
"answer": "1872",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
] |
1872
|
[] | true |
2hop__398262_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Paea",
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen",
"paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Biysky District",
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ryokpo-guyok",
"paragraph_text": "Ryŏkp'o-guyŏk, or Ryŏkp'o District is one of the 19 guyŏk that constitute Pyongyang, North Korea. This is where part of the Complex of Goguryeo Tombs of Pyongyang can be found.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Territory of Papua",
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Potonggang-guyok",
"paragraph_text": "Potonggang-guyok is one of the 19 districts, or guyok, of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is most famous as the location of the Ryugyong Hotel. It is named after the Pothong River (literally \"the simple river\"), which serves as the district's border on all sides. It is bordered to the north by Hyongjesan-guyok, to the east by Sosong and Moranbong-guyoks, to the south by Pyongchon and Chung-guyoks, and to the west by Mangyongdae-guyok. The district was established by the Pyongyang City People's Committee in October 1960.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kangnam County",
"paragraph_text": "Kangnam County is one of the four suburban counties of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is north-west of Songrim, north-east of Hwangju County, west of Chunghwa County, and south of Nakrang-guyok. It is the location of cooperative farms and smaller industrial complexes. It became part of Pyongyang in May 1963, when it was separated from South P'yŏngan. In 2010, it was administratively reassigned from Pyongyang to North Hwanghae; foreign media attributed the change as an attempt to relieve shortages in Pyongyang's food distribution system. However, it was returned to Pyongyang in 2012.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in city where Ryokpo-guyok is located?
|
[
{
"id": 398262,
"question": "Ryokpo-guyok >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__478983_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Kangnam County",
"paragraph_text": "Kangnam County is one of the four suburban counties of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is north-west of Songrim, north-east of Hwangju County, west of Chunghwa County, and south of Nakrang-guyok. It is the location of cooperative farms and smaller industrial complexes. It became part of Pyongyang in May 1963, when it was separated from South P'yŏngan. In 2010, it was administratively reassigned from Pyongyang to North Hwanghae; foreign media attributed the change as an attempt to relieve shortages in Pyongyang's food distribution system. However, it was returned to Pyongyang in 2012.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Paea",
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen",
"paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Union territory",
"paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Mangyongdae Funfair",
"paragraph_text": "The Mangyongdae Funfair is an amusement park located in Mangyongdae-guyok, 12 kilometers from Pyongyang, North Korea. It has an area of 70 hectares including a funfair and wading pool. In fall, 2011 the funfair was reported to have little or no Korean patronage. It has been alleged that there is a lack of genuine customers with many visitors being bussed in to the attraction. It had a roller coaster, which, while operational, was in poor repair. There is a merry-go-round and a ridable miniature railway.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Biysky District",
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Potonggang-guyok",
"paragraph_text": "Potonggang-guyok is one of the 19 districts, or guyok, of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is most famous as the location of the Ryugyong Hotel. It is named after the Pothong River (literally \"the simple river\"), which serves as the district's border on all sides. It is bordered to the north by Hyongjesan-guyok, to the east by Sosong and Moranbong-guyoks, to the south by Pyongchon and Chung-guyoks, and to the west by Mangyongdae-guyok. The district was established by the Pyongyang City People's Committee in October 1960.",
"is_supporting": true
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the city where Potonggang-guyok is located?
|
[
{
"id": 478983,
"question": "Potonggang-guyok >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__144295_211364
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Henichesk Raion",
"paragraph_text": "Henichesk Raion () is one of the 18 administrative raions (districts) of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine. Its administrative centre is located in the city of Henichesk. Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Stamford, Connecticut",
"paragraph_text": "Stamford () is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. According to the 2010 census, the population of the city is 122,643. As of 2017, according to the Census Bureau, the population of Stamford had risen to 131,000, making it the third-largest city in the state (behind Bridgeport and New Haven) and the seventh-largest city in New England. Approximately from Manhattan, Stamford is in the Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk Metro area which is a part of the Greater New York metropolitan area.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Paea",
"paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Serpukhovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Serpukhovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Serpukhov (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 35,173 (2010 Census);",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "States of Germany",
"paragraph_text": "Local associations of a special kind are an amalgamation of one or more Landkreise with one or more Kreisfreie Städte to form a replacement of the aforementioned administrative entities at the district level. They are intended to implement simplification of administration at that level. Typically, a district-free city or town and its urban hinterland are grouped into such an association, or Kommunalverband besonderer Art. Such an organization requires the issuing of special laws by the governing state, since they are not covered by the normal administrative structure of the respective states.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Moumouni Fabré",
"paragraph_text": "Moumouni Fabré (born 28 November 1953) is a Burkinabé politician who has served as the Ambassador of Burkina Faso to South Africa since 2008. He was Minister of Territorial Administration and Decentralization from 2002 to 2006.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Khmelnytskyi Raion",
"paragraph_text": "Khmelnytskyi Raion (, ) is one of the 20 administrative raions (a \"district\") of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is located in the city of Khmelnytskyi. Even though the city of Khmelnytskyi is separate from the raion's government, it still serves as its administrative center in addition to its role as that of the Khmelnytskyi Oblast's administrative center. Its population was 53,686 in the 2001 Ukrainian Census and 52,906 .",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Słupsk County",
"paragraph_text": "Słupsk County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland, on the Baltic coast. It came into being on 1 January 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Słupsk, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Słupsk County are Ustka, a coastal resort north-west of Słupsk, and Kępice, south of Słupsk.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Dennis Holahan",
"paragraph_text": "Dennis Holahan (born November 7, 1942, in Stamford, Connecticut) is an American actor and attorney. He is a partner in the San Francisco office of Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith, California’s largest law firm, where he specializes in entertainment, media and intellectual property cases as well as more general matters in the firm’s commercial litigation practice. Prior to joining Lewis Brisbois in 2014, Dennis maintained one of the top entertainment and business-related litigation boutiques in Los Angeles for more than 20 years.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Olsztyn Voivodeship",
"paragraph_text": "Olsztyn Voivodeship () was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Olsztyn.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Podolsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Podolsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast just south of the federal city of Moscow. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Podolsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 82,488 (2010 Census);",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Union territory",
"paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Arrondissement of Mechelen",
"paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Mechelen (; ) is one of the three administrative arrondissements in the Province of Antwerp, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement, as the territory for both coincides.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Municipio XIX",
"paragraph_text": "The Municipio XIX was an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. Following the administrative reform of 11 March 2013, it was suppressed and merged into the new, and coextensive, Municipio XIV. Its territory is situated to the north-west part of the municipality of Rome.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Biysky District",
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Eastern Bengal and Assam",
"paragraph_text": "Eastern Bengal and Assam was an administrative subdivision (province) of the British Raj between 1905 and 1912. Headquartered in the city of Dacca, it covered territories in what are now Bangladesh, Northeast India and Northern West Bengal.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Orenburgsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Orenburgsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-five in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population: 74,404 (2010 Census);",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What region is Dennis Holahan's city of birth located?
|
[
{
"id": 144295,
"question": "What city was Dennis Holahan born?",
"answer": "Stamford",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 211364,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Fairfield County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] |
Fairfield County
|
[
"Fairfield County, Connecticut"
] | true |
2hop__175400_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Tatra County",
"paragraph_text": "Tatra County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Slovak border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and only town is Zakopane, which lies south of the regional capital Kraków. The county takes its name from the Tatra mountain range, which covers most of its territory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County (former)",
"paragraph_text": "Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok was an administrative county (comitatus) in the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory, which is now in central Hungary, was slightly smaller than that of present Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. The capital of the county was Szolnok.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Kangdong County",
"paragraph_text": "Kangdong County, is one of Pyongyang's four suburban counties. In 1983 it was separated from South P'yongan Province and assumed direct governance by the Pyongyang City People's Committee. It is bordered by Sŏngch'ŏn-gun (Songchon County), South P'yongan in the north and east, Sŭngho-guyŏk (Sungho District) from the south and the Taedong River from the west.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Neilson River",
"paragraph_text": "The Neilson River flows into the territory of the municipality of Saint-Raymond, in the Portneuf Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of the Capitale-Nationale, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Baranya County (former)",
"paragraph_text": "Baranya (, , / \"Baranja\", ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now in southern Hungary (the present county Baranya) and northeastern Croatia (part of the Osijek-Baranja county). The capital of the county was Pécs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Gmina Ozorków",
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Ozorków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Ozorków, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Sangwon County",
"paragraph_text": "Sangwŏn County is a county of North Hwanghae, formerly one of the four suburban counties located in east P'yŏngyang, North Korea. Prior to 1952, Sangwŏn was merely a township of Chunghwa County. In 1952 it was separated as a separate county, and in 1963 it was added as a county of Pyongyang. It is north of North Hwanghae's Hwangju, Yŏntan, and Suan counties, south of the Nam River and Kangdong county west of Yŏnsan county, and east of Chunghwa county. In 2010, it was administratively reassigned from P'yŏngyang to North Hwanghae; foreign media attributed the change as an attempt to relieve shortages in P'yŏngyang's food distribution system.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Wardville, Oklahoma",
"paragraph_text": "Wardville is a small unincorporated community in northern Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States, along State Highway 131 14 miles northeast of Coalgate, Oklahoma. The post office was established February 6, 1902 under the name Herbert, Oklahoma. Herbert was located in Atoka County, Choctaw Nation, a territorial-era entity which included portions of today's Atoka, Coal, Hughes and Pittsburg counties. The town was named after Herbert Ward, who was the youngest son of the towns first postmaster, Henry Pleasant Ward. The name of the town was changed to Wardville on July 18, 1907. Wardville was named for the before mentioned Henry Pleasant Ward, who served in the territorial House of Representatives and Senate and was an Atoka County judge. The Wardville Post Office closed in 2007.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert",
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Gmina Suwałki",
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Suwałki is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Suwałki, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Gmina Bełchatów",
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Bełchatów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Bełchatów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Gmina Jordanów",
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Jordanów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Jordanów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Gmina Kwidzyn",
"paragraph_text": "Gmina Kwidzyn is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Kwidzyn, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the location that contains Kangdon County?
|
[
{
"id": 175400,
"question": "Kangdong County >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__417957_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2018 Winter Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The 2018 Winter Olympics torch relay began 24 October 2017 and ended on 9 February 2018, in advance of the 2018 Winter Olympics. After being lit in Olympia, Greece, the torch traveled to Athens on 31 October. The torch began its Korean journey on 1 November, visiting all Regions of Korea. The Korean leg began in Incheon: the torch travelled across the country for 101 days. 7,500 relay runners participated in the torch relay over a distance of 2,017 km. The torchbearers each carried the flame for 200 metres. The relay ended in Pyeongchang's Olympic Stadium, the main venue of the 2018 Olympics. The final torch was lit by figure skater Yuna Kim.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "In many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from hundreds of people in San Francisco, to effectively none in Pyongyang, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Territory of Papua",
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Indonesia: The Olympic flame reached Jakarta on April 22. The original 20 km relay through Jakarta was cancelled due to \"security worries\", at the request of the Chinese embassy, and the torch was instead carried round the city main's stadium, as it had been in Islamabad. Several dozen pro-Tibet protesters gathered near the stadium, and were dispersed by the police. The event was held in the streets around the city main's stadium. The cancelling of the relay through the city itself was decided due to security concerns and at the request of the Chinese embassy. Only invitees and journalists were admitted inside the stadium. Protests took place outside the stadium.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Zec Bras-Coupé–Désert",
"paragraph_text": "The ZEC Bras-Coupé-Desert is a \"zone d'exploitation contrôlée\" (controlled harvesting zone) (ZEC), located in the unorganized territory of Lac-Pythonga in La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Outaouais, in Quebec, in Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Sunan Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Sunan Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Pyongyang, North Korea. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 40,000 spectators and opened in 1991.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Tanzania: Dar es Salaam was the torch's only stop in Africa, on April 13. The relay began at the grand terminal of the TAZARA Railway, which was China's largest foreign aid project of the 1970s, and continued for 5 km through the old city to the Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium in Temeke, which was built with Chinese aid in 2005. The torch was lit by Vice-President Ali Mohamed Shein. About a thousand people followed the relay, waving the Olympic flag. The only noted instance of protest was Nobel Peace Prize laureate Wangari Maathai's withdrawal from the list of torchbearers, in protest against human rights abuses in Tibet.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Sunan Murya",
"paragraph_text": "Sunan Murya (or Muria) is, according to the \"Babad Tanah Jawi\" (\"History of the land of Java\") manuscripts, one of the \"Wali Sanga\" (\"Nine Saints\") involved in propagating Islam in Indonesia.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Greenway Avenue Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Greenway Avenue Stadium, located in Cumberland, Maryland serves as the primary athletics stadium for Allegany County, Maryland, United States. Greenway Avenue Stadium was constructed in the 1930s by the Public Works Administration as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Vilnius County",
"paragraph_text": "Vilnius County () is the largest of the 10 counties of Lithuania, located in the east of the country around the city Vilnius. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished, and since that date, Vilnius County remains as the territorial and statistical unit.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the administrative territorial entity that Sunan Stadium is in?
|
[
{
"id": 417957,
"question": "Sunan Stadium >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__540924_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company",
"paragraph_text": "The Ritz - Carlton Hotel Company, LLC is an American company that operates the luxury hotel chain known as The Ritz - Carlton. The company has 91 luxury hotels and resorts in 30 countries and territories.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Ryugyong Hotel",
"paragraph_text": "The Ryugyong Hotel (; sometimes spelled as Ryu-Gyong Hotel), or Yu-Kyung Hotel, is an unfinished 105-story, pyramid-shaped skyscraper in Pyongyang, North Korea. Its name (\"capital of willows\") is also one of the historical names for Pyongyang. The building is also known as the 105 Building, a reference to its number of floors. The building has been planned as a mixed-use development, which would include a hotel. The building is currently listed by Guinness World Records as being the tallest unoccupied building in the world.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "To Have and Have Not (film)",
"paragraph_text": "At his hotel home, hotel owner Gérard (Marcel Dalio) (known as ``Frenchy ''to English speakers) urges Harry to help the French Resistance by smuggling some people off the island. Harry steadfastly refuses, choosing to keep aloof from the current political situation. Also at the hotel, he meets Marie (`` Slim'') Browning (Lauren Bacall), a young American wanderer who has recently arrived in Martinique. An accomplished singer, she sings ``How Little We Know ''with pianist Cricket (Hoagy Carmichael) in the hotel bar.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Accord Metropolitan",
"paragraph_text": "Accord Metropolitan is a five-star hotel in Chennai, India. Located on G.N. Chetty Road in T.Nagar, the hotel was initially opened as Trader's Hotel. The hotel was built at a cost of 1,00crores.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Territory of Papua",
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with \"alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international community, including the citizens of San Francisco, to cease the egregious and ongoing human rights abuses in China and occupied Tibet.\" On April 8, numerous protests were planned including one at the city's United Nations Plaza led by actor Richard Gere and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Saint Helena",
"paragraph_text": "The tourist industry is heavily based on the promotion of Napoleon's imprisonment. A golf course also exists and the possibility for sportfishing tourism is great. Three hotels operate on the island but the arrival of tourists is directly linked to the arrival and departure schedule of the RMS St Helena. Some 3,200 short-term visitors arrived on the island in 2013.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Wadi Musa",
"paragraph_text": "Wadi Musa (, literally \"Valley of Moses\") is a town located in the Ma'an Governorate in southern Jordan. It is the administrative center of the Petra Department and the nearest town to the archaeological site of Petra. It hosts many hotels and restaurants for tourists, and there is an important Bedouin settlement approximately from the town.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Potonggang-guyok",
"paragraph_text": "Potonggang-guyok is one of the 19 districts, or guyok, of Pyongyang, North Korea. It is most famous as the location of the Ryugyong Hotel. It is named after the Pothong River (literally \"the simple river\"), which serves as the district's border on all sides. It is bordered to the north by Hyongjesan-guyok, to the east by Sosong and Moranbong-guyoks, to the south by Pyongchon and Chung-guyoks, and to the west by Mangyongdae-guyok. The district was established by the Pyongyang City People's Committee in October 1960.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Biysky District",
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Thai citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Thailand by the authorities of other states. As of February 2018, Thai citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 75 countries and territories, ranking the Thai passport 65th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the Olympic torch arrive in the city where the Ryugyong Hotel is located?
|
[
{
"id": 540924,
"question": "Ryugyong Hotel >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__45304_18221
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "History of the Brooklyn Dodgers",
"paragraph_text": "The historic and heated rivalry between the Dodgers and the Giants is more than a century old. It began when the Dodgers and Giants faced each other in the 1889 World Series, the ancestor of the Subway Series, and both played in separate cities (the Dodgers in Brooklyn and the Giants in New York City Manhattan). When both franchises moved to California after the 1957 season, the rivalry was easily transplanted, as the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco have long been rivals in economics, culture, and politics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "2017 World Series",
"paragraph_text": "The game went into extra innings. José Altuve and Correa hit home runs off Josh Fields in the tenth inning to put the Astros in the lead. In the bottom of the inning, Yasiel Puig hit a home run off of Ken Giles and Enrique Hernández drove in Logan Forsythe to tie the game, with the latter being the Dodgers' first run that was not driven in by a home run. In the next inning, George Springer hit a two - run home run for the Astros off of Brandon McCarthy to retake the lead. In the bottom of the 11th inning, Charlie Culberson homered off of Chris Devenski, who later struck out Puig to end the game. This was the first ever World Series game in which a team hit home runs in the ninth, tenth and eleventh inning. The teams set a new record for combined home runs in a single World Series game with eight and this was the first time in MLB history, regular season or postseason, that five home runs were hit in extra innings. The Astros won their first World Series game in franchise history as they had been swept in their previous appearance in 2005.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "William S. Simmons Plantation",
"paragraph_text": "The William S. Simmons Plantation, also known as the Wesley House, is a Greek Revival brick home located in Cave Spring, Georgia, United States, North America. The home was built in the 1840s, prior to the American Civil War, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "EMC AB6",
"paragraph_text": "The EMC AB6 was a type of diesel locomotive built exclusively for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (the \"Rock Island Line\") by General Motors' Electro-Motive Corporation and delivered in June 1940. Two examples were built, numbered #750 and #751. They were built for the \"Rocky Mountain Rocket\" passenger train, which travelled as a unified train from Chicago, Illinois, to Limon, Colorado, which then divided. One section went to Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the other to Denver, Colorado. The Rock Island desired a locomotive that could look like an integrated part of the train during the Chicago-Limon portion of the route, and could then be operated independently to take three cars to Colorado Springs. A regular, cab-equipped A-unit could have been purchased, but that would have ruined the streamlined look of the train, so the RI had EMC build a flat-fronted locomotive based on an E-series E6B (B unit) but with an operating cab, headlight, pilot, and other features to enable it to operate as an independent locomotive.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Ed Smith Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Ed Smith Stadium is a baseball field located in Sarasota, Florida. Since 2010, it has been the spring training home of the Baltimore Orioles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Highland Park Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Highland Park Stadium was built as the home of the Kokomo Giants in 1955, and then Kokomo Dodgers from 1956 to 1961. The stadium generally holds 3,000 people, but findable records show 7,000 people attended a game in 1961. The stadium received its first renovation in 1985, which added most of the bleachers that are there today. 1985 was also when it hosted a minor league world series game. The stadium is due for another renovation in 2014; however, it is unclear what exactly will be redone with the stadium. Currently the stadium is just used for local games such as high school baseball teams, and the mayor, Greg Goodnight, has stated he doesn't foresee any upcoming teams in Kokomo, although he would like to see one.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "George M. Steinbrenner Field",
"paragraph_text": "George M. Steinbrenner Field serves as the home of the Tampa Tarpons, the New York Yankees' affiliate in the Class A Advanced Florida State League, and is the Yankees' spring training home.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Sloan Park",
"paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "2017 World Series",
"paragraph_text": "Chris Taylor hit a home run for the Dodgers on Keuchel's first pitch of the game. It was the third home run to leadoff a game in Dodgers postseason history (following Davey Lopes in 1978 World Series and Carl Crawford in 2013 NLDS). Alex Bregman hit a tying solo home run for the Astros in the fourth inning. In the sixth inning, Justin Turner hit a go - ahead two - run home run for the Dodgers. Turner tied Duke Snider for most career runs batted in (RBIs) in Dodgers postseason history with 26. Kershaw struck out 11 in seven innings pitched with no walks and only three hits allowed while Keuchel allowed three runs on six hits in 6 ⁄ innings. Brandon Morrow pitched a scoreless eighth and Kenley Jansen earned the save. The two - hour, 28 - minute game was the shortest World Series contest since Game 4 in 1992.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2017 Major League Baseball season",
"paragraph_text": "The 2017 Major League Baseball season began on April 2, 2017 with three games, including the 2016 World Series champions Chicago Cubs facing off against the St. Louis Cardinals, and ended on October 1. The postseason began on October 3. The 2017 World Series began October 24 and Game 7 was played on November 1, in which the Houston Astros defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers, 5 - 1, to capture their first World Series championship in franchise history.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Dodgers–Yankees rivalry",
"paragraph_text": "1941 World Series: Yankees defeat Dodgers, 4 -- 1 1947 World Series: Yankees defeat Dodgers, 4 -- 3 1949 World Series: Yankees defeat Dodgers, 4 -- 1 1952 World Series: Yankees defeat Dodgers, 4 -- 3 1953 World Series: Yankees defeat Dodgers, 4 -- 1 1955 World Series: Dodgers defeat Yankees, 4 -- 3 1956 World Series: Yankees defeat Dodgers, 4 -- 3 1963 World Series: Dodgers defeat Yankees, 4 -- 0 1977 World Series: Yankees defeat Dodgers, 4 -- 2 1978 World Series: Yankees defeat Dodgers, 4 -- 2 1981 World Series: Dodgers defeat Yankees, 4 -- 2",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Los Angeles Dodgers",
"paragraph_text": "In Brooklyn, the Dodgers won the NL pennant several times (1890, 1899, 1900, 1916, 1920, 1941, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956) and the World Series in 1955. After moving to Los Angeles, the team won National League pennants in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1988, and 2017, with World Series championships in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981, 1988. In all, the Dodgers have appeared in 19 World Series: 9 in Brooklyn and 10 in Los Angeles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Don Larsen's perfect game",
"paragraph_text": "On October 8, 1956, in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series, Don Larsen of the New York Yankees threw a perfect game against the Brooklyn Dodgers. Larsen's perfect game is the only perfect game in the history of the World Series; it is one of only 23 perfect games in MLB history. His perfect game remained the only no - hitter of any type ever pitched in postseason play until Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Roy Halladay threw a no - hitter against the Cincinnati Reds on October 6, 2010, in Game 1 of the National League Division Series, and the only postseason game in which any team faced the minimum 27 batters until Kyle Hendricks and Aroldis Chapman of the Chicago Cubs managed to combine for the feat in the decisive sixth game of the 2016 National League Championship Series.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova",
"paragraph_text": "The Chevrolet Chevy II/Nova was a small automobile manufactured by Chevrolet, and produced in five generations for the 1962 through 1979, and 1985 through 1988 model years. Nova was the top model in the Chevy II lineup through 1968. The Chevy II nameplate was dropped, Nova becoming the nameplate for the 1969 through 1979 models. Built on the X-body platform, the Nova was replaced by the 1980 Chevrolet Citation introduced in the spring of 1979. The Nova nameplate returned in 1985, produced through 1988 as a S-car based, NUMMI manufactured, subcompact based on the front wheel drive, Japan home-based Toyota Sprinter.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "German submarine U-961",
"paragraph_text": "German submarine \"U-961\" was a Type VIIC U-boat built for Nazi Germany's \"Kriegsmarine\" during World War II. \"U-961\" was constructed at Hamburg during 1942 and 1943, completing her working-up cruises in the Baltic Sea in the spring of 1944. Due to extensive modifications and shortages of supplies during her construction and training, \"U-961\" took nearly two years to be ready for active service, an exceptionally long time.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_text": "The Yankees have won a record 27 World Series in 40 appearances (which, since the first World Series in 1903, currently amounts to an average appearance every 2.7 seasons and a championship every 4.0 seasons); the St. Louis Cardinals are second with 11 World Series victories. The Yankees' number of World Series losses, 13, leads Major League Baseball. The St. Louis Cardinals, Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers and New York / San Francisco Giants are second in total World Series appearances with eighteen apiece. Of their 18 World Series appearances, the Dodgers have faced the Yankees eleven times, going 3 -- 8, while the Giants have faced the Yankees seven times, going 2 -- 5. Among North American major sports, the Yankees' success is approached only by the 24 Stanley Cup championships of the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League. The Yankees have played in the World Series against every National League pennant winner except the Houston Astros and the Colorado Rockies.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "1988 World Series",
"paragraph_text": "Team (Wins) Manager (s) Season Los Angeles Dodgers (4) Tommy Lasorda 94 -- 67,. 584, GA: 7 Oakland Athletics (1) Tony La Russa 104 -- 58,. 642, GA: 13",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Jackie Robinson",
"paragraph_text": "Jackie Robinson Robinson with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1954 Second baseman Born: (1919 - 01 - 31) January 31, 1919 Cairo, Georgia Died: October 24, 1972 (1972 - 10 - 24) (aged 53) Stamford, Connecticut Batted: Right Threw: Right MLB debut April 15, 1947, for the Brooklyn Dodgers Last MLB appearance October 10, 1956, for the Brooklyn Dodgers MLB statistics Batting average. 311 Home runs 137 Runs batted in 734 Teams Brooklyn Dodgers (1947 -- 1956) Career highlights and awards 6 × All - Star (1949 -- 1954) World Series champion (1955) NL MVP (1949) MLB Rookie of the Year (1947) NL batting champion (1949) 2 × NL stolen base leader (1947, 1949) Jersey number 42 retired by all MLB teams Major League Baseball All - Century Team Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame Induction 1962 Vote 77.5% (first ballot)",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the 1988 world series opposition to the Dodgers build their spring training home?
|
[
{
"id": 45304,
"question": "who did the dodgers face in 1988 world series",
"answer": "Oakland Athletics",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 18221,
"question": "When was the spring training home of the #1 built?",
"answer": "1976",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
] |
1976
|
[] | true |
2hop__35598_31102
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Rather than teach small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "American Fascists",
"paragraph_text": "American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America is a non-fiction book by American Pulitzer Prize journalist Chris Hedges, published in January 2007. Hedges is a former seminary student with a master's degree in divinity from Harvard Divinity School and was a long-time foreign correspondent for \"The New York Times\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Andrej Mitrović",
"paragraph_text": "Andrej Mitrović (; 17 April 1937 – 25 August 2013) was a Serbian historian, corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts and member of the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. He was one of the best-known Serbian academics of the 20th century.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Kálmán Kerpely",
"paragraph_text": "Kálmán Kerpely (Oravicabánya, Hungary [today Oraviţa, Romania], 11 October 1864 – Budapest, Hungary, 24 June 1940) agronomist, agrochimist, a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Whitehead makes the startling observation that \"life is comparatively deficient in survival value.\" If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, \"they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them.\" He then observes that the mark of higher forms of life is that they are actively engaged in modifying their environment, an activity which he theorizes is directed toward the three-fold goal of living, living well, and living better. In other words, Whitehead sees life as directed toward the purpose of increasing its own satisfaction. Without such a goal, he sees the rise of life as totally unintelligible.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Otto Schulmeister",
"paragraph_text": "Otto Schulmeister (1 April 1916 in Vienna – 10 August 2001 in Vienna) was an Austrian journalist, who was described as the doyen of Austrian journalism. He was editor-in-chief of Die Presse from 1961 to 1976 and its publisher from 1976 to 1989. He was the father of former ORF correspondent Paul Schulmeister. It was revealed in 2009 that he worked for the CIA from the 1960s.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Southern Scientific Center RAS",
"paragraph_text": "Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Science (SSC RAS) is a regional unit of the Russian Academy of Science, which includes research groups from a number of cities located in the Southern Federal District of Russia. It has a staff of about 260 people, including 2 Academicians and 2 Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Science, 59 Doctors of Science and 118 PhDs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Amiche da morire",
"paragraph_text": "Amiche da morire (\"Friends to Die For\") is a 2013 Italian black comedy film written and directed by Giorgia Farina.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Early followers of Whitehead were found primarily at the University of Chicago's Divinity School, where Henry Nelson Wieman initiated an interest in Whitehead's work that would last for about thirty years. Professors such as Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland, and Daniel Day Williams made Whitehead's philosophy arguably the most important intellectual thread running through the Divinity School. They taught generations of Whitehead scholars, the most notable of which is John B. Cobb, Jr.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings, proposes that Einstein's work does not actually refute Whitehead's formulation. Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves. They are phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes. Consequently, Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation, and his assumption of a uniform spatio-temporal geometry, Minkowskian in particular, as an often-locally-adequate approximation. An exact replacement of Whitehead's cosmology would need to admit a Riemannian geometry. Also, although Whitehead himself gave only secondary consideration to quantum theory, his metaphysics of processes has proved attractive to some physicists in that field. Henry Stapp and David Bohm are among those whose work has been influenced by Whitehead.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science. Usually, scientism involves combining the philosophers' ancient demand for demonstrative justification with the associationists' false view that all scientific explanations are simple two-variable linear relationships.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Eric Burgess",
"paragraph_text": "Eric Burgess (1920 – March 2005) was an English freelance consultant, lecturer and journalist, who wrote about the Pioneer program of space missions since the first tests in 1957. He was the science correspondent of the Christian Science Monitor in the period of many of the planetary probe launches, and was often the senior science reporter present at many of those events.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Isabelle Stengers wrote that \"Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education.\" Indeed, in recent decades attention to Whitehead's work has become more widespread, with interest extending to intellectuals in Europe and China, and coming from such diverse fields as ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology. One of the first theologians to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought was the future Archbishop of Canterbury, William Temple. In Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934 (subsequently published as \"Nature, Man and God\"), Whitehead is one of a number of philosophers of the emergent evolution approach Temple interacts with. However, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that Whitehead's thought drew much attention outside of a small group of philosophers and theologians, primarily Americans, and even today he is not considered especially influential outside of relatively specialized circles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "This is not to say that Whitehead's thought was widely accepted or even well-understood. His philosophical work is generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon. Even professional philosophers struggled to follow Whitehead's writings. One famous story illustrating the level of difficulty of Whitehead's philosophy centers around the delivery of Whitehead's Gifford lectures in 1927–28 – following Arthur Eddington's lectures of the year previous – which Whitehead would later publish as Process and Reality:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Freunde",
"paragraph_text": "\"Freunde\" (\"Friends\") is a song by Die Toten Hosen. It's the fourth single and the twelfth track from the album \"Zurück zum Glück\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Serena van der Woodsen",
"paragraph_text": "Occupation Novels: Fashion model High school student Dutch shipping heiress Socialite Television: Socialite Fashion model (former) Publicist (former) High school student (at Constance Billard; graduated) College student (at Columbia) Gossip Girl (former)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Whitehead did not begin his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: \"This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter.\" Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Since Whitehead's metaphysics described a universe in which all entities experience, he needed a new way of describing perception that was not limited to living, self-conscious beings. The term he coined was \"prehension\", which comes from the Latin prehensio, meaning \"to seize.\" The term is meant to indicate a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious, applying to people as well as electrons. It is also intended to make clear Whitehead's rejection of the theory of representative perception, in which the mind only has private ideas about other entities. For Whitehead, the term \"prehension\" indicates that the perceiver actually incorporates aspects of the perceived thing into itself. In this way, entities are constituted by their perceptions and relations, rather than being independent of them. Further, Whitehead regards perception as occurring in two modes, causal efficacy (or \"physical prehension\") and presentational immediacy (or \"conceptual prehension\").",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Hans Berliner",
"paragraph_text": "Hans Jack Berliner (January 27, 1929 – January 13, 2017) was a Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, and was the World Correspondence Chess Champion, from 1965–1968. He was a Grandmaster of Correspondence Chess. He directed the construction of the chess computer HiTech, and was also a published chess writer.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When was the death of the person that was a friend and former student that Whitehead discussed the goals of science with?
|
[
{
"id": 35598,
"question": "With what friend and former student did Whitehead correspond regarding the goals of science?",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 31102,
"question": "When did #1 die?",
"answer": "1970",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] |
1970
|
[] | true |
2hop__35598_31101
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Rather than teach small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "This is not to say that Whitehead's thought was widely accepted or even well-understood. His philosophical work is generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon. Even professional philosophers struggled to follow Whitehead's writings. One famous story illustrating the level of difficulty of Whitehead's philosophy centers around the delivery of Whitehead's Gifford lectures in 1927–28 – following Arthur Eddington's lectures of the year previous – which Whitehead would later publish as Process and Reality:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Since Whitehead's metaphysics described a universe in which all entities experience, he needed a new way of describing perception that was not limited to living, self-conscious beings. The term he coined was \"prehension\", which comes from the Latin prehensio, meaning \"to seize.\" The term is meant to indicate a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious, applying to people as well as electrons. It is also intended to make clear Whitehead's rejection of the theory of representative perception, in which the mind only has private ideas about other entities. For Whitehead, the term \"prehension\" indicates that the perceiver actually incorporates aspects of the perceived thing into itself. In this way, entities are constituted by their perceptions and relations, rather than being independent of them. Further, Whitehead regards perception as occurring in two modes, causal efficacy (or \"physical prehension\") and presentational immediacy (or \"conceptual prehension\").",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Danny Koevermans",
"paragraph_text": "Danny Koevermans (born 1 November 1978) is a Dutch former footballer who currently works as a coach for Sparta Rotterdam. A former striker, he was a physical player who was apt in the air and a lethal poacher in front of the goal. In addition to goal scoring, he was known for his offensive movement and \"runs\" off the ball, which \"always [attracted] the attention of defenders\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "In physics, Whitehead's thought has had some influence. He articulated a view that might perhaps be regarded as dual to Einstein's general relativity, see Whitehead's theory of gravitation. It has been severely criticized. Yutaka Tanaka, who suggests that the gravitational constant disagrees with experimental findings, proposes that Einstein's work does not actually refute Whitehead's formulation. Whitehead's view has now been rendered obsolete, with the discovery of gravitational waves. They are phenonena observed locally that largely violate the kind of local flatness of space that Whitehead assumes. Consequently, Whitehead's cosmology must be regarded as a local approximation, and his assumption of a uniform spatio-temporal geometry, Minkowskian in particular, as an often-locally-adequate approximation. An exact replacement of Whitehead's cosmology would need to admit a Riemannian geometry. Also, although Whitehead himself gave only secondary consideration to quantum theory, his metaphysics of processes has proved attractive to some physicists in that field. Henry Stapp and David Bohm are among those whose work has been influenced by Whitehead.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Kate Barber",
"paragraph_text": "Kate (\"Tiki\") Barber (born November 22, 1976 in West Chester, Pennsylvania) is a field hockey forward and midfield player from the United States, who made her international senior debut for the Women's National Team in 1998 by scoring two goals in a 3-3 draw with New Zealand. The former student of Unionville High School and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was a member of the team, that won the silver medal at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "American Fascists",
"paragraph_text": "American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America is a non-fiction book by American Pulitzer Prize journalist Chris Hedges, published in January 2007. Hedges is a former seminary student with a master's degree in divinity from Harvard Divinity School and was a long-time foreign correspondent for \"The New York Times\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Whitehead makes the startling observation that \"life is comparatively deficient in survival value.\" If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, \"they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them.\" He then observes that the mark of higher forms of life is that they are actively engaged in modifying their environment, an activity which he theorizes is directed toward the three-fold goal of living, living well, and living better. In other words, Whitehead sees life as directed toward the purpose of increasing its own satisfaction. Without such a goal, he sees the rise of life as totally unintelligible.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Eoin Jess",
"paragraph_text": "Eoin Jess (born 13 December 1970) is a Scottish former footballer who played as a attacking midfielder. He was capped 18 times by Scotland, scoring two goals.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Heinrich Zimmer (Celticist)",
"paragraph_text": "Born to a farming family in Kastellaun in the Rhineland-Palatinate in western Germany, he studied ancient languages at Kaiser Wilhelm University in Strassburg, going on to study Indology and Sanskrit under Rudolf von Roth at the University of Tübingen. In 1878 he became a lecturer at Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin, where the young Ferdinand de Saussure studied with him; in 1881 he became Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Linguistics at the University of Greifswald. In 1901 he became the founding Professor of Celtic at Friedrich Wilhelm University, the first position of its kind in Germany; his most celebrated student there was Rudolf Thurneysen. (He was followed in the post after his death by Kuno Meyer.) In 1902 he became a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and in 1906 a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. In 1910, suffering from an incurable illness, he committed suicide by drowning himself.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Empiricism",
"paragraph_text": "The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Jevgeņijs Miļevskis",
"paragraph_text": "Jevgeņijs Miļevskis (born 15 August 1961) is a former Latvian football striker of Jewish origin, together with Aleksandrs Starkovs he was the main goal scoring force of FK Daugava Rīga.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Whitehead did not begin his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: \"This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter.\" Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "James Van Pelt",
"paragraph_text": "James Van Pelt (born 1954 in Akron, Ohio) is an American science fiction author who began publishing in the mid-90s. He is also a teacher in the language arts department at Fruita Monument High School in Fruita, Colorado. He is also the former advisor of The Catalyst, the student-run monthly magazine of Fruita Monument High School.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Iann Robinson",
"paragraph_text": "Iann Robinson (born c. 1971) is an American writer, musician and television personality best known as a former MTV News on-air correspondent.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Early followers of Whitehead were found primarily at the University of Chicago's Divinity School, where Henry Nelson Wieman initiated an interest in Whitehead's work that would last for about thirty years. Professors such as Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland, and Daniel Day Williams made Whitehead's philosophy arguably the most important intellectual thread running through the Divinity School. They taught generations of Whitehead scholars, the most notable of which is John B. Cobb, Jr.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Isabelle Stengers wrote that \"Whiteheadians are recruited among both philosophers and theologians, and the palette has been enriched by practitioners from the most diverse horizons, from ecology to feminism, practices that unite political struggle and spirituality with the sciences of education.\" Indeed, in recent decades attention to Whitehead's work has become more widespread, with interest extending to intellectuals in Europe and China, and coming from such diverse fields as ecology, physics, biology, education, economics, and psychology. One of the first theologians to attempt to interact with Whitehead's thought was the future Archbishop of Canterbury, William Temple. In Temple's Gifford Lectures of 1932-1934 (subsequently published as \"Nature, Man and God\"), Whitehead is one of a number of philosophers of the emergent evolution approach Temple interacts with. However, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that Whitehead's thought drew much attention outside of a small group of philosophers and theologians, primarily Americans, and even today he is not considered especially influential outside of relatively specialized circles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Andrej Mitrović",
"paragraph_text": "Andrej Mitrović (; 17 April 1937 – 25 August 2013) was a Serbian historian, corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts and member of the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. He was one of the best-known Serbian academics of the 20th century.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science. Usually, scientism involves combining the philosophers' ancient demand for demonstrative justification with the associationists' false view that all scientific explanations are simple two-variable linear relationships.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his \"almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy\", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, \"No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him.\"",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
What is the birth date of the friend and former that Whitehead corresponded with regarding the goals of science?
|
[
{
"id": 35598,
"question": "With what friend and former student did Whitehead correspond regarding the goals of science?",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 31101,
"question": "When was #1 born?",
"answer": "1872",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
] |
1872
|
[] | true |
2hop__640652_3814
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "El Museo del Barrio",
"paragraph_text": "El Museo del Barrio, often known simply as El Museo (the museum) is a museum located towards the northern end in the neighborhood of Museum Mile, immediately north of the Museum of the City of New York and south of the future Museum for African Art. Founded in 1969, El Museo specializes in Latin American and Caribbean art, with an emphasis on works from Puerto Rico and the Puerto Rican community in New York City.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "After being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch has visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Museum of Human Anatomy Luigi Rolando",
"paragraph_text": "The Museum of Human Anatomy Luigi Rolando () is a museum of human anatomy that was founded in 1739 with headquarters in Torino, Italy. It is part of the museum network of the University of Turin and moved to its current location in the Building of the Anatomical Institutes () in 1898.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Khabarovsky District",
"paragraph_text": "Khabarovsky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It consists of two unconnected segments separated by the territory of Amursky District, which are located in the southwest of the krai. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Khabarovsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). Population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying \"One World, One Dream. Free Tibet\", and the other, \"Free Tibet '08\". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. \"Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent.\" The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "National Museum of Natural History, Bulgaria",
"paragraph_text": "The National Museum of Natural History (, \"Natsionalen prirodonauchen muzey\"; abbreviated НПМ, NMNHS) of Bulgaria is a natural history museum located in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, on \"Tzar Osvoboditel\" Str., next to the Russian church. Founded in 1889, it is affiliated with the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, and is the first and largest museum of this kind in the Balkans.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Party Founding Museum",
"paragraph_text": "The Party Founding Museum is a museum located in the Central District of Pyongyang, North Korea, on the south side of Mt. Haebang. The building was constructed by the Japanese occupation government in 1923. It was used as the South P'yŏngan Provincial Products Exhibition. After his return to Korea after World War II, Kim Il-sung is alleged to have founded the Korean Worker's Party in this building on October 10, 1945, and here were held many of that group's first meetings. Thus, in October 1970 it was turned into a museum dedicated to his exploits. Nearby, and also part of the museum, is the modest house he inhabited during his early days as president of North Korea.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Biblioteca Ayacucho",
"paragraph_text": "The Biblioteca Ayacucho (\"Ayacucho Library\") is an editorial entity of the government of Venezuela, founded on September 10, 1974. It is managed by the \"Fundación Biblioteca Ayacucho\". Its name, \"Ayacucho\", comes from the intention to honor the definitive and crucial Battle of Ayacucho that took place December 9, 1824 between Spain and the territories of the Americas, prior to the full independence of the continent.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Strehlow Research Centre",
"paragraph_text": "The Strehlow Research Centre is a museum and cultural centre located in Alice Springs in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Research Centre is responsible for the care of the Strehlow Collection of Indigenous central Australian ethnographic objects and archival materials. It is managed by the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Biysky District",
"paragraph_text": "Biysky District () is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-nine in Altai Krai, Russia. It is located in the east of the krai and borders with Zonalny, Tselinny, Soltonsky, Krasnogorsky, Sovetsky, and Smolensky Districts, as well as with the territory of the City of Biysk. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the city of Biysk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Safir Office Machines Museum",
"paragraph_text": "The Safir Office Machines Museum is a private museum located in Tehran, Iran. It was founded in 2008 by Frashad Kamalkhani, the museum owner. It includes a collection of early office machines.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art",
"paragraph_text": "The Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art (SAMA) is an art museum with four locations in southwestern Pennsylvania in the United States. It is headquartered at Saint Francis University in Loretto, where it was founded in 1976. Other locations were opened later in Hollidaysburg in (1979 which moved to Altoona in 1995), Johnstown (1982), and Ligonier (1997).",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens",
"paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for Canadian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Canada. As of 1 January 2018, Canadian citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the Canadian passport 6th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "North Korea: The event was held in Pyongyang on April 28. It was the first time that the Olympic torch has traveled to North Korea. A crowd of thousands waving pink paper flowers and small flags with the Beijing Olympics logo were organized by the authoritarian regime watched the beginning of the relay in Pyongyang, some waving Chinese flags. The event was presided over by the head of the country's parliament, Kim Yong Nam. The North, an ally of China, has been critical of disruptions to the torch relay elsewhere and has supported Beijing in its actions against protests in Tibet. Kim passed the torch to the first runner Pak Du Ik, who played on North Korea's 1966 World Cup soccer team, as he began the 19-kilometre route through Pyongyang. The relay began from the large sculpted flame of the obelisk of the Juche Tower, which commemorates the national ideology of Juche, or \"self-reliance\", created by the country's late founding President Kim Il Sung, father of leader Kim Jong Il, who did not attend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Bogotá",
"paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Shchusev Museum of Architecture",
"paragraph_text": "The Shchusev State Museum of Architecture is a national museum of Russian Architecture located in Moscow the capital of Russia and also a research centre to study and promote the architectural and urban heritage. The museum was founded in 1934 and is located on the Vozdvizhenka Street. The collections include more than 1 million items. The museum is named after famous Russian and Soviet architect Alexey Shchusev.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countries) for sovereignty of the Spratly and Paracel Islands; tensions have risen recently[when?] following reports that the Chinese government had established a county-level city named Sansha in the disputed territories, resulting in anti-Chinese demonstrations in December 2007 in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. However to sustain its relationship with China the Vietnamese government has actively sought to head off protests during the torch relay, with Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng warning government agencies that \"hostile forces\" may try to disrupt the torch relay.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Territory of Papua",
"paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "Kazakhstan: The first torchbearer in Almaty, where the Olympic torch arrived for the first time ever on April 2, was the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbaev. The route ran 20 km from Medeo stadium to Astana Square. There were reports that Uighur activists were arrested and some were deported back to China.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Kostroma region Museum of Nature",
"paragraph_text": "The Kostroma region Museum of Nature is a natural history museum located in Kostroma, Russia. The museum was founded in 1958 as a department of the Kostroma State Historical and Architectural Museum.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When did the torch arrive in the city where the Party Founding Museum is located?
|
[
{
"id": 640652,
"question": "Party Founding Museum >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pyongyang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 3814,
"question": "When did the torch arrive in #1 ?",
"answer": "April 28",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
] |
April 28
|
[] | true |
2hop__695513_18221
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "EMC AB6",
"paragraph_text": "The EMC AB6 was a type of diesel locomotive built exclusively for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (the \"Rock Island Line\") by General Motors' Electro-Motive Corporation and delivered in June 1940. Two examples were built, numbered #750 and #751. They were built for the \"Rocky Mountain Rocket\" passenger train, which travelled as a unified train from Chicago, Illinois, to Limon, Colorado, which then divided. One section went to Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the other to Denver, Colorado. The Rock Island desired a locomotive that could look like an integrated part of the train during the Chicago-Limon portion of the route, and could then be operated independently to take three cars to Colorado Springs. A regular, cab-equipped A-unit could have been purchased, but that would have ruined the streamlined look of the train, so the RI had EMC build a flat-fronted locomotive based on an E-series E6B (B unit) but with an operating cab, headlight, pilot, and other features to enable it to operate as an independent locomotive.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Spring training",
"paragraph_text": "Spring training typically starts in mid-February and continues until just before Opening Day of the regular season, traditionally the first week of April. In some years, teams not scheduled to play on Opening Day will play spring training games that day. Pitchers and catchers report to spring training first because pitchers benefit from a longer training period. A few days later, position players arrive and team practice begins.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Detroit",
"paragraph_text": "Detroit is one of 12 American metropolitan areas that are home to professional teams representing the four major sports in North America. All these teams but one play within the city of Detroit itself (the NBA's Detroit Pistons play in suburban Auburn Hills at The Palace of Auburn Hills). There are three active major sports venues within the city: Comerica Park (home of the Major League Baseball team Detroit Tigers), Ford Field (home of the NFL's Detroit Lions), and Joe Louis Arena (home of the NHL's Detroit Red Wings). A 1996 marketing campaign promoted the nickname \"Hockeytown\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Vityaz Ice Palace",
"paragraph_text": "Vityaz Ice Palace is an indoor sporting arena located in Podolsk, Russia. The capacity of the arena is 5,500 and was built in 2000. The home games of Russkie Vityazi, the junior team of Vityaz Chekhov, are played in the arena. Until 2006 it was the home arena of the HC MVD ice hockey team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "William S. Simmons Plantation",
"paragraph_text": "The William S. Simmons Plantation, also known as the Wesley House, is a Greek Revival brick home located in Cave Spring, Georgia, United States, North America. The home was built in the 1840s, prior to the American Civil War, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Palestra",
"paragraph_text": "The Palestra, often called the Cathedral of College Basketball, is an historic arena and the home gym of the Penn Quakers men's and women's basketball teams, volleyball teams, wrestling team, and Philadelphia Big 5 basketball. Located at 235 South 33rd St. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania, near Franklin Field in the University City section of Philadelphia, it opened on January 1, 1927. The Palestra has been called \"the most important building in the history of college basketball\" and \"changed the entire history of the sport for which it was built.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Vegas Golden Knights",
"paragraph_text": "The Vegas Golden Knights are a professional ice hockey team based in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The team began play in the 2017 -- 18 NHL season, and is a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team is owned by Black Knight Sports & Entertainment, a consortium led by Bill Foley, and plays its home games at T - Mobile Arena on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Tuvalu",
"paragraph_text": "Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team trains at the Tuvalu Sports Ground in Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games. The Tuvalu National Football Association is an associate member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and is seeking membership in FIFA. The Tuvalu national futsal team participates in the Oceanian Futsal Championship.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Cherno More Sports Complex",
"paragraph_text": "The Cherno More Sports Complex is a football training ground located in the Asparuhovo district of Varna, Bulgaria. Cherno More Sports Complex is the home ground of the Reserves and Academy of PFC Cherno More Varna. The stadium is located below the Asparuhov Bridge and has a capacity of 1,500 spectators.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Steinberg Wellness Center",
"paragraph_text": "The Steinberg Wellness Center, formally known as the Wellness, Recreation and Athletic Center (WRAC), is a 2,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Brooklyn, New York. It was built in 2006 and is home to the LIU Brooklyn Blackbirds men's basketball team, LIU Brooklyn Blackbirds women's basketball team and women's volleyball team. The Blackbirds previously played their home games at the Schwartz Athletic Center. The Steinberg Wellness Center hosted the finals of the 2011 Northeast Conference men's basketball tournament. Following President David Steinberg's retirement in Spring 2013, the WRAC was renamed the Steinberg Wellness Center to honor his 27-year tenure as President.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "George M. Steinbrenner Field",
"paragraph_text": "George M. Steinbrenner Field serves as the home of the Tampa Tarpons, the New York Yankees' affiliate in the Class A Advanced Florida State League, and is the Yankees' spring training home.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Bosön",
"paragraph_text": "Bosön is a sports complex on Lidingö outside Stockholm in Sweden, and the headquarters for the Swedish Sports Confederation. Several Swedish national teams have annual training camps at Bosön.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Sloan Park",
"paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Jason Grabowski",
"paragraph_text": "Grabowski graduated from The Morgan School in Clinton, Connecticut in 1994. He was drafted by the New York Yankees in the 17th round of the 1994 MLB Draft but did not sign and went to play college ball at the University of Connecticut. He was then drafted by the Texas Rangers in the 2nd round of the 1997 MLB Draft. The Seattle Mariners selected him off waivers from the Rangers on December 18, 2000 and he was subsequently drafted by the Oakland Athletics in the Rule V Draft on December 13, 2001.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Ed Smith Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Ed Smith Stadium is a baseball field located in Sarasota, Florida. Since 2010, it has been the spring training home of the Baltimore Orioles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox, a founding member of the American League of Major League Baseball in 1901, play their home games at Fenway Park, near Kenmore Square in the city's Fenway section. Built in 1912, it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues, encompassing Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League. Boston was the site of the first game of the first modern World Series, in 1903. The series was played between the AL Champion Boston Americans and the NL champion Pittsburgh Pirates. Persistent reports that the team was known in 1903 as the \"Boston Pilgrims\" appear to be unfounded. Boston's first professional baseball team was the Red Stockings, one of the charter members of the National Association in 1871, and of the National League in 1876. The team played under that name until 1883, under the name Beaneaters until 1911, and under the name Braves from 1912 until they moved to Milwaukee after the 1952 season. Since 1966 they have played in Atlanta as the Atlanta Braves.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Florida Panthers",
"paragraph_text": "The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team's local broadcasting rights has been held by Fox Sports Florida (formerly SportsChannel Florida) since 1996. The team initially played their home games at Miami Arena, before moving to the BB&T Center in 1998. Located in Sunrise, Florida, the Panthers are the southernmost team in the NHL.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Exhibition game",
"paragraph_text": "The Major League Baseball's preseason is also known as spring training. All MLB teams maintain a spring-training base in Arizona or Florida. The teams in Arizona make up the Cactus League, while the teams in Florida play in the Grapefruit League. Each team plays about 30 preseason games against other MLB teams. They may also play exhibitions against a local college team or a minor-league team from their farm system. Some days feature the team playing two games with two different rosters evenly divided up, which are known as \"split-squad\" games.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When was the spring training home of the team Jason Grabowski playing with built?
|
[
{
"id": 695513,
"question": "Jason Grabowski >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Oakland Athletics",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 18221,
"question": "When was the spring training home of the #1 built?",
"answer": "1976",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
] |
1976
|
[] | true |
2hop__358581_18221
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Training camp (National Football League)",
"paragraph_text": "In the National Football League, training camp refers to the time before the season commences. During this time, teams will sometimes congregate at an outside location, usually a university, to conduct training camp for at least the first few weeks. This is similar to baseball's spring training.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Harlem Globetrotters (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Harlem Globetrotters is a 1951 Sport/Drama film about the famous African American basketball team The Harlem Globetrotters released by Columbia Pictures. The film stars Thomas Gomez, Bill Walker, Dorothy Dandridge, Angela Clarke, and Peter M. Thompson.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Detroit",
"paragraph_text": "Detroit is one of 12 American metropolitan areas that are home to professional teams representing the four major sports in North America. All these teams but one play within the city of Detroit itself (the NBA's Detroit Pistons play in suburban Auburn Hills at The Palace of Auburn Hills). There are three active major sports venues within the city: Comerica Park (home of the Major League Baseball team Detroit Tigers), Ford Field (home of the NFL's Detroit Lions), and Joe Louis Arena (home of the NHL's Detroit Red Wings). A 1996 marketing campaign promoted the nickname \"Hockeytown\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Rich Thompson (pitcher, born 1984)",
"paragraph_text": "Richard Graeme Thompson (born 1 July 1984) is a former Major League Baseball relief pitcher who played for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and Oakland Athletics.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Ed Smith Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Ed Smith Stadium is a baseball field located in Sarasota, Florida. Since 2010, it has been the spring training home of the Baltimore Orioles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Sloan Park",
"paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Vegas Golden Knights",
"paragraph_text": "The Vegas Golden Knights are a professional ice hockey team based in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The team began play in the 2017 -- 18 NHL season, and is a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team is owned by Black Knight Sports & Entertainment, a consortium led by Bill Foley, and plays its home games at T - Mobile Arena on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Vityaz Ice Palace",
"paragraph_text": "Vityaz Ice Palace is an indoor sporting arena located in Podolsk, Russia. The capacity of the arena is 5,500 and was built in 2000. The home games of Russkie Vityazi, the junior team of Vityaz Chekhov, are played in the arena. Until 2006 it was the home arena of the HC MVD ice hockey team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Steinberg Wellness Center",
"paragraph_text": "The Steinberg Wellness Center, formally known as the Wellness, Recreation and Athletic Center (WRAC), is a 2,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Brooklyn, New York. It was built in 2006 and is home to the LIU Brooklyn Blackbirds men's basketball team, LIU Brooklyn Blackbirds women's basketball team and women's volleyball team. The Blackbirds previously played their home games at the Schwartz Athletic Center. The Steinberg Wellness Center hosted the finals of the 2011 Northeast Conference men's basketball tournament. Following President David Steinberg's retirement in Spring 2013, the WRAC was renamed the Steinberg Wellness Center to honor his 27-year tenure as President.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Penydarren Park",
"paragraph_text": "Penydarren Park is a sports stadium in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, that is the present home ground of Merthyr Town F.C.. Historically used for varying sports, it has been the home to two professional football teams, Merthyr Town and Merthyr Tydfil F.C.. It has a capacity of 4,500.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Bosön",
"paragraph_text": "Bosön is a sports complex on Lidingö outside Stockholm in Sweden, and the headquarters for the Swedish Sports Confederation. Several Swedish national teams have annual training camps at Bosön.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox, a founding member of the American League of Major League Baseball in 1901, play their home games at Fenway Park, near Kenmore Square in the city's Fenway section. Built in 1912, it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues, encompassing Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League. Boston was the site of the first game of the first modern World Series, in 1903. The series was played between the AL Champion Boston Americans and the NL champion Pittsburgh Pirates. Persistent reports that the team was known in 1903 as the \"Boston Pilgrims\" appear to be unfounded. Boston's first professional baseball team was the Red Stockings, one of the charter members of the National Association in 1871, and of the National League in 1876. The team played under that name until 1883, under the name Beaneaters until 1911, and under the name Braves from 1912 until they moved to Milwaukee after the 1952 season. Since 1966 they have played in Atlanta as the Atlanta Braves.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Cherno More Sports Complex",
"paragraph_text": "The Cherno More Sports Complex is a football training ground located in the Asparuhovo district of Varna, Bulgaria. Cherno More Sports Complex is the home ground of the Reserves and Academy of PFC Cherno More Varna. The stadium is located below the Asparuhov Bridge and has a capacity of 1,500 spectators.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Florida Panthers",
"paragraph_text": "The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team's local broadcasting rights has been held by Fox Sports Florida (formerly SportsChannel Florida) since 1996. The team initially played their home games at Miami Arena, before moving to the BB&T Center in 1998. Located in Sunrise, Florida, the Panthers are the southernmost team in the NHL.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "EMC AB6",
"paragraph_text": "The EMC AB6 was a type of diesel locomotive built exclusively for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (the \"Rock Island Line\") by General Motors' Electro-Motive Corporation and delivered in June 1940. Two examples were built, numbered #750 and #751. They were built for the \"Rocky Mountain Rocket\" passenger train, which travelled as a unified train from Chicago, Illinois, to Limon, Colorado, which then divided. One section went to Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the other to Denver, Colorado. The Rock Island desired a locomotive that could look like an integrated part of the train during the Chicago-Limon portion of the route, and could then be operated independently to take three cars to Colorado Springs. A regular, cab-equipped A-unit could have been purchased, but that would have ruined the streamlined look of the train, so the RI had EMC build a flat-fronted locomotive based on an E-series E6B (B unit) but with an operating cab, headlight, pilot, and other features to enable it to operate as an independent locomotive.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Tuvalu",
"paragraph_text": "Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team trains at the Tuvalu Sports Ground in Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games. The Tuvalu National Football Association is an associate member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and is seeking membership in FIFA. The Tuvalu national futsal team participates in the Oceanian Futsal Championship.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "George M. Steinbrenner Field",
"paragraph_text": "George M. Steinbrenner Field serves as the home of the Tampa Tarpons, the New York Yankees' affiliate in the Class A Advanced Florida State League, and is the Yankees' spring training home.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Spring training",
"paragraph_text": "Spring training typically starts in mid-February and continues until just before Opening Day of the regular season, traditionally the first week of April. In some years, teams not scheduled to play on Opening Day will play spring training games that day. Pitchers and catchers report to spring training first because pitchers benefit from a longer training period. A few days later, position players arrive and team practice begins.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When was the spring training home of Rich Thompson's team built?
|
[
{
"id": 358581,
"question": "Rich Thompson >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Oakland Athletics",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 18221,
"question": "When was the spring training home of the #1 built?",
"answer": "1976",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
] |
1976
|
[] | true |
2hop__682906_18221
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Florida Panthers",
"paragraph_text": "The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team's local broadcasting rights has been held by Fox Sports Florida (formerly SportsChannel Florida) since 1996. The team initially played their home games at Miami Arena, before moving to the BB&T Center in 1998. Located in Sunrise, Florida, the Panthers are the southernmost team in the NHL.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Palestra",
"paragraph_text": "The Palestra, often called the Cathedral of College Basketball, is an historic arena and the home gym of the Penn Quakers men's and women's basketball teams, volleyball teams, wrestling team, and Philadelphia Big 5 basketball. Located at 235 South 33rd St. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on the campus of the University of Pennsylvania, near Franklin Field in the University City section of Philadelphia, it opened on January 1, 1927. The Palestra has been called \"the most important building in the history of college basketball\" and \"changed the entire history of the sport for which it was built.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "George M. Steinbrenner Field",
"paragraph_text": "George M. Steinbrenner Field serves as the home of the Tampa Tarpons, the New York Yankees' affiliate in the Class A Advanced Florida State League, and is the Yankees' spring training home.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Dwayne Murphy",
"paragraph_text": "Dwayne Keith Murphy (born March 18, 1955) is a former Major League Baseball player who spent most of his career playing for the Oakland Athletics as an outfielder.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Spring training",
"paragraph_text": "Spring training typically starts in mid-February and continues until just before Opening Day of the regular season, traditionally the first week of April. In some years, teams not scheduled to play on Opening Day will play spring training games that day. Pitchers and catchers report to spring training first because pitchers benefit from a longer training period. A few days later, position players arrive and team practice begins.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Ed Smith Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Ed Smith Stadium is a baseball field located in Sarasota, Florida. Since 2010, it has been the spring training home of the Baltimore Orioles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Exhibition game",
"paragraph_text": "The Major League Baseball's preseason is also known as spring training. All MLB teams maintain a spring-training base in Arizona or Florida. The teams in Arizona make up the Cactus League, while the teams in Florida play in the Grapefruit League. Each team plays about 30 preseason games against other MLB teams. They may also play exhibitions against a local college team or a minor-league team from their farm system. Some days feature the team playing two games with two different rosters evenly divided up, which are known as \"split-squad\" games.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Bosön",
"paragraph_text": "Bosön is a sports complex on Lidingö outside Stockholm in Sweden, and the headquarters for the Swedish Sports Confederation. Several Swedish national teams have annual training camps at Bosön.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Detroit",
"paragraph_text": "Detroit is one of 12 American metropolitan areas that are home to professional teams representing the four major sports in North America. All these teams but one play within the city of Detroit itself (the NBA's Detroit Pistons play in suburban Auburn Hills at The Palace of Auburn Hills). There are three active major sports venues within the city: Comerica Park (home of the Major League Baseball team Detroit Tigers), Ford Field (home of the NFL's Detroit Lions), and Joe Louis Arena (home of the NHL's Detroit Red Wings). A 1996 marketing campaign promoted the nickname \"Hockeytown\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Steinberg Wellness Center",
"paragraph_text": "The Steinberg Wellness Center, formally known as the Wellness, Recreation and Athletic Center (WRAC), is a 2,500-seat multi-purpose arena in Brooklyn, New York. It was built in 2006 and is home to the LIU Brooklyn Blackbirds men's basketball team, LIU Brooklyn Blackbirds women's basketball team and women's volleyball team. The Blackbirds previously played their home games at the Schwartz Athletic Center. The Steinberg Wellness Center hosted the finals of the 2011 Northeast Conference men's basketball tournament. Following President David Steinberg's retirement in Spring 2013, the WRAC was renamed the Steinberg Wellness Center to honor his 27-year tenure as President.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "EMC AB6",
"paragraph_text": "The EMC AB6 was a type of diesel locomotive built exclusively for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (the \"Rock Island Line\") by General Motors' Electro-Motive Corporation and delivered in June 1940. Two examples were built, numbered #750 and #751. They were built for the \"Rocky Mountain Rocket\" passenger train, which travelled as a unified train from Chicago, Illinois, to Limon, Colorado, which then divided. One section went to Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the other to Denver, Colorado. The Rock Island desired a locomotive that could look like an integrated part of the train during the Chicago-Limon portion of the route, and could then be operated independently to take three cars to Colorado Springs. A regular, cab-equipped A-unit could have been purchased, but that would have ruined the streamlined look of the train, so the RI had EMC build a flat-fronted locomotive based on an E-series E6B (B unit) but with an operating cab, headlight, pilot, and other features to enable it to operate as an independent locomotive.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Tuvalu",
"paragraph_text": "Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team trains at the Tuvalu Sports Ground in Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games. The Tuvalu National Football Association is an associate member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and is seeking membership in FIFA. The Tuvalu national futsal team participates in the Oceanian Futsal Championship.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Cherno More Sports Complex",
"paragraph_text": "The Cherno More Sports Complex is a football training ground located in the Asparuhovo district of Varna, Bulgaria. Cherno More Sports Complex is the home ground of the Reserves and Academy of PFC Cherno More Varna. The stadium is located below the Asparuhov Bridge and has a capacity of 1,500 spectators.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Vityaz Ice Palace",
"paragraph_text": "Vityaz Ice Palace is an indoor sporting arena located in Podolsk, Russia. The capacity of the arena is 5,500 and was built in 2000. The home games of Russkie Vityazi, the junior team of Vityaz Chekhov, are played in the arena. Until 2006 it was the home arena of the HC MVD ice hockey team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Cheryl Murphy",
"paragraph_text": "Cheryl Murphy (born October 17, 1978) is an American martial artist. She is a member of Team USA and a current Shotokan Karate fighter. She is stated to be a world class competition kumite competitor.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Boston",
"paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox, a founding member of the American League of Major League Baseball in 1901, play their home games at Fenway Park, near Kenmore Square in the city's Fenway section. Built in 1912, it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues, encompassing Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League. Boston was the site of the first game of the first modern World Series, in 1903. The series was played between the AL Champion Boston Americans and the NL champion Pittsburgh Pirates. Persistent reports that the team was known in 1903 as the \"Boston Pilgrims\" appear to be unfounded. Boston's first professional baseball team was the Red Stockings, one of the charter members of the National Association in 1871, and of the National League in 1876. The team played under that name until 1883, under the name Beaneaters until 1911, and under the name Braves from 1912 until they moved to Milwaukee after the 1952 season. Since 1966 they have played in Atlanta as the Atlanta Braves.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Vegas Golden Knights",
"paragraph_text": "The Vegas Golden Knights are a professional ice hockey team based in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The team began play in the 2017 -- 18 NHL season, and is a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team is owned by Black Knight Sports & Entertainment, a consortium led by Bill Foley, and plays its home games at T - Mobile Arena on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Training camp (National Football League)",
"paragraph_text": "In the National Football League, training camp refers to the time before the season commences. During this time, teams will sometimes congregate at an outside location, usually a university, to conduct training camp for at least the first few weeks. This is similar to baseball's spring training.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
When was the spring training home of Dwayne Murphy's team built?
|
[
{
"id": 682906,
"question": "Dwayne Murphy >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Oakland Athletics",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 18221,
"question": "When was the spring training home of the #1 built?",
"answer": "1976",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
] |
1976
|
[] | true |
2hop__35598_240540
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Rather than teach small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisciplinary, value-free school model – it should be transdisciplinary, and laden with values and general principles that provide students with a bedrock of wisdom and help them to make connections between areas of knowledge that are usually regarded as separate.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "The two volume biography of Whitehead by Victor Lowe is the most definitive presentation of the life of Whitehead. However, many details of Whitehead's life remain obscure because he left no Nachlass; his family carried out his instructions that all of his papers be destroyed after his death. Additionally, Whitehead was known for his \"almost fanatical belief in the right to privacy\", and for writing very few personal letters of the kind that would help to gain insight on his life. This led to Lowe himself remarking on the first page of Whitehead's biography, \"No professional biographer in his right mind would touch him.\"",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Whitehead did not begin his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his friend and former student Bertrand Russell, after discussing whether science aimed to be explanatory or merely descriptive, he wrote: \"This further question lands us in the ocean of metaphysic, onto which my profound ignorance of that science forbids me to enter.\" Ironically, in later life Whitehead would become one of the 20th century's foremost metaphysicians.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Sheldon Cooper",
"paragraph_text": "Sheldon is a senior theoretical physicist at Caltech and shared an apartment with his colleague and best friend, Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki). However, Sheldon now lives across the hall with his girlfriend Amy, in the former apartment of Leonard's wife Penny. He is a former child prodigy with genius level IQ, but displays an almost total lack of social skills, a tenuous understanding of humor, and difficulty recognizing irony and sarcasm in other people, although he himself often employs them. He exhibits highly idiosyncratic behavior and a general lack of humility or empathy. He also lacks toleration. These characteristics provide the majority of the humor involving him, which has caused him to be described as the show's breakout character. Despite speculation that Sheldon's personality traits may be consistent with Asperger syndrome, obsessive -- compulsive personality disorder, and asexuality, co-creator Bill Prady has repeatedly stated that Sheldon's character was neither conceived nor developed with regard to any of these traits.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "John Russell, 4th Earl Russell",
"paragraph_text": "John Conrad Russell, 4th Earl Russell (16 November 1921 – 16 December 1987) was the eldest son of the philosopher and mathematician Bertrand Russell (the 3rd Earl) and his second wife, Dora Black. His middle name was a tribute to the writer Joseph Conrad, whom his father had long admired. He was the great-grandson of the 19th century British Whig Prime Minister Lord John Russell. He succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father on 2 February 1970.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Kálmán Kerpely",
"paragraph_text": "Kálmán Kerpely (Oravicabánya, Hungary [today Oraviţa, Romania], 11 October 1864 – Budapest, Hungary, 24 June 1940) agronomist, agrochimist, a corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "List of The Cosby Show characters",
"paragraph_text": "Peter Costa is a former American child actor. Costa is best known for his many appearances on The Cosby Show, playing Rudy Huxtable's chubby friend Peter Chiara, whose signature trait was running out the door when a scary or disastrous situation occurs in the Huxtable house...",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Southern Scientific Center RAS",
"paragraph_text": "Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Science (SSC RAS) is a regional unit of the Russian Academy of Science, which includes research groups from a number of cities located in the Southern Federal District of Russia. It has a staff of about 260 people, including 2 Academicians and 2 Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Science, 59 Doctors of Science and 118 PhDs.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Early followers of Whitehead were found primarily at the University of Chicago's Divinity School, where Henry Nelson Wieman initiated an interest in Whitehead's work that would last for about thirty years. Professors such as Wieman, Charles Hartshorne, Bernard Loomer, Bernard Meland, and Daniel Day Williams made Whitehead's philosophy arguably the most important intellectual thread running through the Divinity School. They taught generations of Whitehead scholars, the most notable of which is John B. Cobb, Jr.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Whitehead makes the startling observation that \"life is comparatively deficient in survival value.\" If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, \"they certainly did not appear because they were better at that game than the rocks around them.\" He then observes that the mark of higher forms of life is that they are actively engaged in modifying their environment, an activity which he theorizes is directed toward the three-fold goal of living, living well, and living better. In other words, Whitehead sees life as directed toward the purpose of increasing its own satisfaction. Without such a goal, he sees the rise of life as totally unintelligible.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Eric Burgess",
"paragraph_text": "Eric Burgess (1920 – March 2005) was an English freelance consultant, lecturer and journalist, who wrote about the Pioneer program of space missions since the first tests in 1957. He was the science correspondent of the Christian Science Monitor in the period of many of the planetary probe launches, and was often the senior science reporter present at many of those events.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with developing Whitehead's process philosophy into a full-blown process theology. Other notable process theologians include John B. Cobb, Jr., David Ray Griffin, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, C. Robert Mesle, Roland Faber, and Catherine Keller.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "American Fascists",
"paragraph_text": "American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America is a non-fiction book by American Pulitzer Prize journalist Chris Hedges, published in January 2007. Hedges is a former seminary student with a master's degree in divinity from Harvard Divinity School and was a long-time foreign correspondent for \"The New York Times\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "This is not to say that Whitehead's thought was widely accepted or even well-understood. His philosophical work is generally considered to be among the most difficult to understand in all of the western canon. Even professional philosophers struggled to follow Whitehead's writings. One famous story illustrating the level of difficulty of Whitehead's philosophy centers around the delivery of Whitehead's Gifford lectures in 1927–28 – following Arthur Eddington's lectures of the year previous – which Whitehead would later publish as Process and Reality:",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Martina von Trapp",
"paragraph_text": "Martina von Trapp (17 February 1921 – 25 February 1951) was a member of the Trapp Family Singers and was the seventh child of Georg von Trapp and his first wife, Agatha Whitehead von Trapp. She was a member of the Trapp Family Singers, whose lives were the inspiration for the play and movie \"The Sound of Music\". She was portrayed as the character \"Gretl\".",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": "During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science. Usually, scientism involves combining the philosophers' ancient demand for demonstrative justification with the associationists' false view that all scientific explanations are simple two-variable linear relationships.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Andrej Mitrović",
"paragraph_text": "Andrej Mitrović (; 17 April 1937 – 25 August 2013) was a Serbian historian, corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts and member of the Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts. He was one of the best-known Serbian academics of the 20th century.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Hans Berliner",
"paragraph_text": "Hans Jack Berliner (January 27, 1929 – January 13, 2017) was a Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, and was the World Correspondence Chess Champion, from 1965–1968. He was a Grandmaster of Correspondence Chess. He directed the construction of the chess computer HiTech, and was also a published chess writer.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Serena van der Woodsen",
"paragraph_text": "Occupation Novels: Fashion model High school student Dutch shipping heiress Socialite Television: Socialite Fashion model (former) Publicist (former) High school student (at Constance Billard; graduated) College student (at Columbia) Gossip Girl (former)",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Alfred North Whitehead",
"paragraph_text": "Since Whitehead's metaphysics described a universe in which all entities experience, he needed a new way of describing perception that was not limited to living, self-conscious beings. The term he coined was \"prehension\", which comes from the Latin prehensio, meaning \"to seize.\" The term is meant to indicate a kind of perception that can be conscious or unconscious, applying to people as well as electrons. It is also intended to make clear Whitehead's rejection of the theory of representative perception, in which the mind only has private ideas about other entities. For Whitehead, the term \"prehension\" indicates that the perceiver actually incorporates aspects of the perceived thing into itself. In this way, entities are constituted by their perceptions and relations, rather than being independent of them. Further, Whitehead regards perception as occurring in two modes, causal efficacy (or \"physical prehension\") and presentational immediacy (or \"conceptual prehension\").",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
Who is the child of the former student and friend Whitehead corresponded with about the goals of science?
|
[
{
"id": 35598,
"question": "With what friend and former student did Whitehead correspond regarding the goals of science?",
"answer": "Bertrand Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 240540,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Conrad Russell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
] |
Conrad Russell
|
[] | true |
2hop__814953_18221
|
[
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Hiram Charles Todd House",
"paragraph_text": "The Hiram Charles Todd House, also known as the Marvin-Sackett-Todd House, is located on Franklin Square in Saratoga Springs, New York, United States. It is a Greek Revival house built in the 1830s by a local hotelier. Later it was home to Hiram Charles Todd, a descendant of one of the original owners who was active in New York state politics.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Todd Burns",
"paragraph_text": "Burns attended Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, earning first-team All-America honors before being drafted by the Oakland Athletics in the 7th round of the 1984 MLB amateur draft. He played for the A's from 1988 to 1991, and would also play for the Texas Rangers (1992–1993), and St. Louis Cardinals (1993). He was nicknamed \"The Mad Hatter\" because of his habit of frantically tugging at the bill of his cap and re-adjusting it prior to every pitch as well as \"Third Degree\" for his penchant of giving up runs near the end of his career.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Vityaz Ice Palace",
"paragraph_text": "Vityaz Ice Palace is an indoor sporting arena located in Podolsk, Russia. The capacity of the arena is 5,500 and was built in 2000. The home games of Russkie Vityazi, the junior team of Vityaz Chekhov, are played in the arena. Until 2006 it was the home arena of the HC MVD ice hockey team.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Chicago Cubs",
"paragraph_text": "The curious location on Catalina Island stemmed from Cubs owner William Wrigley Jr.'s then-majority interest in the island in 1919. Wrigley constructed a ballpark on the island to house the Cubs in spring training: it was built to the same dimensions as Wrigley Field. (The ballpark is long gone, but a clubhouse built by Wrigley to house the Cubs exists as the Catalina County Club.) However, by 1951 the team chose to leave Catalina Island and spring training was shifted to Mesa, Arizona. The Cubs' 30-year association with Catalina is chronicled in the book, The Cubs on Catalina, by Jim Vitti . . . which was named International 'Book of the Year' by The Sporting News.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Florida Panthers",
"paragraph_text": "The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team's local broadcasting rights has been held by Fox Sports Florida (formerly SportsChannel Florida) since 1996. The team initially played their home games at Miami Arena, before moving to the BB&T Center in 1998. Located in Sunrise, Florida, the Panthers are the southernmost team in the NHL.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Training camp (National Football League)",
"paragraph_text": "In the National Football League, training camp refers to the time before the season commences. During this time, teams will sometimes congregate at an outside location, usually a university, to conduct training camp for at least the first few weeks. This is similar to baseball's spring training.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Exhibition game",
"paragraph_text": "The Major League Baseball's preseason is also known as spring training. All MLB teams maintain a spring-training base in Arizona or Florida. The teams in Arizona make up the Cactus League, while the teams in Florida play in the Grapefruit League. Each team plays about 30 preseason games against other MLB teams. They may also play exhibitions against a local college team or a minor-league team from their farm system. Some days feature the team playing two games with two different rosters evenly divided up, which are known as \"split-squad\" games.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "EMC AB6",
"paragraph_text": "The EMC AB6 was a type of diesel locomotive built exclusively for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad (the \"Rock Island Line\") by General Motors' Electro-Motive Corporation and delivered in June 1940. Two examples were built, numbered #750 and #751. They were built for the \"Rocky Mountain Rocket\" passenger train, which travelled as a unified train from Chicago, Illinois, to Limon, Colorado, which then divided. One section went to Colorado Springs, Colorado, and the other to Denver, Colorado. The Rock Island desired a locomotive that could look like an integrated part of the train during the Chicago-Limon portion of the route, and could then be operated independently to take three cars to Colorado Springs. A regular, cab-equipped A-unit could have been purchased, but that would have ruined the streamlined look of the train, so the RI had EMC build a flat-fronted locomotive based on an E-series E6B (B unit) but with an operating cab, headlight, pilot, and other features to enable it to operate as an independent locomotive.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ashley Furniture Industries",
"paragraph_text": "Ashley Furniture Industries, Inc. is an American home furnishings manufacturer and retailer, headquartered in Arcadia, Wisconsin. The company is owned by father and son team Ron and Todd Wanek. Ashley Furniture manufactures and distributes home furniture products throughout the world.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Penydarren Park",
"paragraph_text": "Penydarren Park is a sports stadium in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, that is the present home ground of Merthyr Town F.C.. Historically used for varying sports, it has been the home to two professional football teams, Merthyr Town and Merthyr Tydfil F.C.. It has a capacity of 4,500.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Ed Smith Stadium",
"paragraph_text": "Ed Smith Stadium is a baseball field located in Sarasota, Florida. Since 2010, it has been the spring training home of the Baltimore Orioles.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "WSLW",
"paragraph_text": "WSLW is a broadcast radio station licensed to White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, serving White Sulphur Springs and Lewisburg in West Virginia. WSLW is owned by Todd P. Robinson.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Bosön",
"paragraph_text": "Bosön is a sports complex on Lidingö outside Stockholm in Sweden, and the headquarters for the Swedish Sports Confederation. Several Swedish national teams have annual training camps at Bosön.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Sloan Park",
"paragraph_text": "Sloan Park is an American baseball park in Mesa, Arizona which opened in 2014. The primary operator is the Chicago Cubs and the ballpark serves as their spring training home and is also the home of the Arizona League Cubs of the Arizona League and the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. Sloan Park was built and paid for by residents of the City of Mesa, approved by ballot measure. It was primarily built to house spring training operations for the Chicago Cubs, who had previously played at nearby Hohokam Stadium. The stadium design was led by Populous. The dimensions of the playing surface closely match those of the Cubs' regular home stadium, Wrigley Field.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "George M. Steinbrenner Field",
"paragraph_text": "George M. Steinbrenner Field serves as the home of the Tampa Tarpons, the New York Yankees' affiliate in the Class A Advanced Florida State League, and is the Yankees' spring training home.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Halfway Home (TV series)",
"paragraph_text": "Halfway Home is an American comedy series that aired on Comedy Central in the spring of 2007. After airing 10 episodes, on June 20, 2007 costar Regan Burns confirmed that the show had ended.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Todd Schmitz",
"paragraph_text": "Todd Schmitz (born 1978) is an American swimming coach. He currently lives in Aurora, Colorado. He is the head coach of the Denver-area club team, the Colorado Stars, which is the training program of 17-year-old swimming phenomenon Missy Franklin, a 2012 U.S. Olympic Team member. Following the 2012 United States Olympic Trials, Schmitz was named to the 2012 U.S. Olympic women's swimming team as an assistant coach.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Vegas Golden Knights",
"paragraph_text": "The Vegas Golden Knights are a professional ice hockey team based in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The team began play in the 2017 -- 18 NHL season, and is a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The team is owned by Black Knight Sports & Entertainment, a consortium led by Bill Foley, and plays its home games at T - Mobile Arena on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada.",
"is_supporting": false
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Tuvalu",
"paragraph_text": "Football in Tuvalu is played at club and national team level. The Tuvalu national football team trains at the Tuvalu Sports Ground in Funafuti and competes in the Pacific Games. The Tuvalu National Football Association is an associate member of the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) and is seeking membership in FIFA. The Tuvalu national futsal team participates in the Oceanian Futsal Championship.",
"is_supporting": false
}
] |
In what year was the spring training home built for the team Todd Burns played for?
|
[
{
"id": 814953,
"question": "Todd Burns >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Oakland Athletics",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 18221,
"question": "When was the spring training home of the #1 built?",
"answer": "1976",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
] |
1976
|
[] | true |
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