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A/RES/72/21
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2017 [on the report of the First Committee (A/72/401)] 72/21. Implementation of the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace The General Assembly, Recalling the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace, contained in its resolution 2832 (XXVI) of 16 December 1971, and recalling also its resolutions 54/47 of 1 December 1999, 56/16 of 29 November 2001, 58/29 of 8 December 2003, 60/48 of 8 December 2005, 62/14 of 5 December 2007, 64/23 of 2 December 2009, 66/22 of 2 December 2011, 68/24 of 5 December 2013 and 70/22 of 7 December 2015 and other relevant resolutions, Recalling also the report of the Meeting of the Littoral and Hinterland States of the Indian Ocean, held in New York from 2 to 13 July 1979,1 Recalling further paragraph 102 of the Final Document of the Thirteenth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held in Kuala Lumpur on 24 and 25 February 2003,2 in which it was noted, inter alia, that the Chair of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean would continue his informal consultations on the future work of the Committee, Emphasizing the need to foster consensual approaches that are conducive to the pursuit of such endeavours, Noting the initiatives taken by countries of the region to promote cooperation, in particular economic cooperation, in the Indian Ocean area and the possible contribution of such initiatives to overall objectives of a zone of peace, Convinced that the participation of all permanent members of the Security Council and the major maritime users of the Indian Ocean in the work of the __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 45 and corrigendum (A/34/45 and A/34/45/Corr.1). 2 A/57/759-S/2003/332, annex I. A/RES/72/21 Implementation of the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace 17-21687 2/2 Ad Hoc Committee is important and would assist the progress of a mutually beneficial dialogue to develop conditions of peace, security and stability in the Indian Ocean region, Considering that greater efforts and more time are required to develop a focused discussion on practical measures to ensure conditions of peace, security and stability in the Indian Ocean region, Having considered the report of the Ad Hoc Committee,3 1. Takes note of the report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean; 3 2. Reiterates its conviction that the participation of all permanent members of the Security Council and the major maritime users of the Indian Ocean in the work of the Ad Hoc Committee is important and would greatly facilitate the development of a mutually beneficial dialogue to advance peace, security and stability in the Indian Ocean region; 3. Requests the Chair of the Ad Hoc Committee to continue his informal consultations with the members of the Committee and to report through the Committee to the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to render, within existing resources, all necessary assistance to the Ad Hoc Committee, including the provision of summary records; 5. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fourth session the item entitled “Implementation of the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace”. 62nd plenary meeting 4 December 2017 __________________ 3 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 29 (A/72/29).
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A/RES/72/216
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2017 [on the report of the Second Committee (A/72/420/Add.1)] 72/216. Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 55/199 of 20 December 2000, 56/226 of 24 December 2001, 57/253 and 57/270 A of 20 December 2002, 57/270 B of 23 June 2003, 64/236 of 24 December 2009, 65/152 of 20 December 2010, 66/197 of 22 December 2011, 66/288 of 27 July 2012, 67/203 of 21 December 2012, 68/210 of 20 December 2013, 68/309 of 10 September 2014, 68/310 of 15 September 2014, 69/108 of 8 December 2014, 69/214 of 19 December 2014, 70/201 of 22 December 2015 and 71/223 of 21 December 2016 and all other relevant resolutions on the implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Recalling also the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, 1 Agenda 21,2 the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21,3 the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development 4 and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation)5 and the outcome document of the United Nations __________________ 1 Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3−14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I. 2 Ibid., annex II. 3 Resolution S-19/2, annex. 4 Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex. 5 Ibid., resolution 2, annex. A/RES/72/216 Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 17-23285 2/6 Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled “The future we want”,6 as well as the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development,7 the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus,8 the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development,9 the key actions for the further implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development,10 the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action11 and the outcome document of the special event to follow up efforts made towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals, 12 Reaffirming its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in which it adopted a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Sustainable Development Goals and targets, its commitment to working tirelessly for the full implementation of the Agenda by 2030, its recognition that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, its commitment to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions — economic, social and environmental — in a balanced and integrated manner, and to building upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to address their unfinished business, Reaffirming also its resolution 69/313 of 27 July 2015 on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supports and complements it, helps to contextualize its means of implementation targets with concrete policies and actions, and reaffirms the strong political commitment to address the challenge of financing and creating an enabling environment at all levels for sustainable development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity, Recalling the Istanbul Declaration13 and the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020,14 adopted by the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Istanbul, Turkey from 9 to 13 May 2011, and endorsed by the General Assembly in resolution 65/280 of 17 June 2011, in which the Assembly called upon all the relevant stakeholders to commit to implementing the Programme of Action, Recalling also the Political Declaration adopted by the Comprehensive High- level Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Istanbul Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the Decade 2011–2020, held in Antalya, Turkey, from 27 to 29 May 2016, and endorsed by the General Assembly in its resolution 70/294 of 25 July 2016, in which the Assembly called upon all the relevant stakeholders to commit to implementing the Declaration, __________________ 6 Resolution 66/288, annex. 7 Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18−22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex. 8 Resolution 63/239, annex. 9 Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5–13 September 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18), chap. I, resolution 1, annex. 10 Resolution S-21/2, annex. 11 Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4–15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annexes I and II. 12 Resolution 68/6. 13 Report of the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Istanbul, Turkey, 9–13 May 2011 (A/CONF.219/7), chap. I. 14 Ibid., chap. II. Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development A/RES/72/216 3/6 17-23285 Recalling further the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014–202415 and the Vienna Declaration,16 Recalling the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway, 17 Reaffirming the importance of supporting the implementation of Agenda 2063 of the African Union and the programme of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, Reaffirming also the Sendai Declaration and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030,18 adopted at the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, Welcoming the successful conclusion of the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), held in Quito from 17 to 20 October 2016, Welcoming also the Paris Agreement adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change19 and its early entry into force, encouraging all its parties to fully implement the Agreement, and parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 20 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible, Emphasizing the importance of oceans for sustainable development, as embodied in Agenda 21, the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation and various decisions taken by the former Commission on Sustainable Development, reaffirming in this regard the outcome of the United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, 21 taking note of its seven partnership dialogues, and calling upon all stakeholders to urgently undertake, inter alia, the actions highlighted in the call for action adopted at the Conference and implement the respective voluntary commitments pledged by individual Member States and other stakeholders during the Conference, Recognizing that eradicating poverty is the greatest global challenge facing the world today and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, in particular for developing countries, and that although each country has the primary responsibility for its own sustainable development and poverty eradication and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized, concerted and concrete measures are required at all levels to enable developing countries to achieve their sustainable development goals related to the internationally agreed poverty-related targets and goals, including those contained in Agenda 21, the relevant outcomes of United Nations conferences, the United Nations Millennium Declaration22 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Reaffirming the need to further mainstream sustainable development at all levels, integrating economic, social and environmental aspects and recognizing their interlinkages, so as to achieve sustainable development in all its dimensions, and __________________ 15 Resolution 69/137, annex II. 16 Ibid., annex I. 17 Resolution 69/15, annex. 18 Resolution 69/283, annexes I and II. 19 See FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21, annex. 20 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822. 21 Resolution 71/312, annex. 22 Resolution 55/2. A/RES/72/216 Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 17-23285 4/6 reiterating that sustainable development is a key element of the overarching framework for United Nations activities, Recognizing that eradicating poverty, changing unsustainable and promoting sustainable patterns of consumption and production and protecting and managing the natural resource base of economic and social development are the overarching and essential objectives for sustainable development, Stressing the importance of inclusiveness within the United Nations development system and that no country and no one is left behind in the implementation of the present resolution, 1. Reaffirms the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled “The future we want”,6 and urges its full implementation; 2. Stresses the importance of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development and the resulting processes for the elaboration of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development23 and for the realization of sustainable development; 3. Recognizes in this regard that the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development builds upon elements from the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, inter alia, the establishment of the high- level political forum on sustainable development, the format and organizational arrangements of which were later established by its resolution 67/290 of 9 July 2013, a strengthened Economic and Social Council, as later defined in its resolution 68/1 of 20 September 2013, the process that led to the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, as later defined in its resolutions 68/309 and 70/1, the strengthening of the science-policy interface, including in the form of the Global Sustainable Development Report, and the process that led to the adoption of the Technology Facilitation Mechanism; 4. Stresses the need, in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to benefit from and build on experiences, best practices, challenges and the lessons learned from the unfinished business of the previous agreements on sustainable development, including the Millennium Development Goals; 5. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development;24 6. Stresses the importance of overcoming silos and seeking innovative and coordinated approaches in integrating the three dimensions of sustainable development — economic, social and environmental — at the global, regional and national levels, and requests the United Nations to further mainstream and integrate the three dimensions throughout the United Nations system; 7. Affirms the contributions of the ongoing efforts and commitments towards the full implementation of Agenda 21,2 the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21,3 the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation,5 including the time-bound goals and targets, and the other internationally agreed development goals, as well as the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, and stresses the importance of their continued implementation in the pursuit of sustainable development; __________________ 23 Resolution 70/1. 24 A/72/228. Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development A/RES/72/216 5/6 17-23285 8. Urges the speedy and effective implementation and the effective follow- up and review of the sustainable development priorities for small island developing States identified in the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway17 and set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and reaffirms that small island developing States remain a special case for sustainable development in view of their unique and particular vulnerabilities; 9. Emphasizes that regional and subregional organizations have a role to play in promoting sustainable development in their respective regions by, inter alia, promoting peer learning and cooperation, including South-South and triangular cooperation, as well as effective linkages among global, regional, subregional and national processes, as appropriate, to advance sustainable development; 10. Notes that the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, among other commitments on sustainable consumption and production, adopted the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns25 as a tool for action on sustainable consumption and production, and in this regard recognizes the commitment by the United Nations Environment Assembly to accelerate its implementation, including through relevant voluntary actions by Member States; 11. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the mainstreaming of the three dimensions of sustainable development throughout the United Nations system,26 reiterates the call of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development and in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development for the further mainstreaming of the three dimensions throughout the United Nations system, and in this regard invites the Secretary-General to continue to report to the General Assembly, through the Economic and Social Council, on progress made, including for the consideration of the high-level political forum on sustainable development; 12. Urges the United Nations to intensify support for States in fully implementing the New Urban Agenda, adopted at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), held in Quito in 2016;27 13. Calls upon the relevant organizations of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates and resources, to ensure that no country and no one is left behind in the implementation of the present resolution; 14. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-third session a report on the implementation of the present resolution and to include in the report a comprehensive and substantive analysis of the unfinished business of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, including on demographic dynamics, trade, land resources, toxic chemicals and groundwater contamination, waste, transfer of and cooperation on technology and promotion of sustainable patterns of production and consumption, and also to include the lessons learned in their full implementation, as well as success stories and best practices; __________________ 25 A/CONF.216/5, annex. 26 A/72/75-E/2017/56. 27 Resolution 71/256, annex. A/RES/72/216 Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 17-23285 6/6 15. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-third session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of Agenda 21, the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21 and the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development and of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development”.
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A/RES/72/23
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2017 [on the report of the First Committee (A/72/403)] 72/23. Prohibition of the development and manufacture of new types of weapons of mass destruction and new systems of such weapons: report of the Conference on Disarmament The General Assembly, Recalling its previous resolutions on the prohibition of the development and manufacture of new types of weapons of mass destruction and new systems of such weapons, Recalling also its resolutions 51/37 of 10 December 1996, 54/44 of 1 December 1999, 57/50 of 22 November 2002, 60/46 of 8 December 2005, 63/36 of 2 December 2008, 66/21 of 2 December 2011 and 69/27 of 2 December 2014 relating to the prohibition of the development and manufacture of new types of weapons of mass destruction and new systems of such weapons, Recalling further paragraph 77 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,1 Determined to prevent the emergence of new types of weapons of mass destruction that have characteristics comparable in destructive effect to those of weapons of mass destruction identified in the definition of weapons of mass destruction adopted by the United Nations in 1948,2 Noting with appreciation the discussions which have been held in the Conference on Disarmament under the item entitled “New types of weapons of mass destruction and new systems of such weapons; radiological weapons”, 3 __________________ 1 Resolution S-10/2. 2 The definition was adopted by the Commission for Conventional Armaments (see S/C.3/32/Rev.1 and S/C.3/32/Rev.1/Corr.1). 3 Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/64/27), chap. III, sect. E; ibid., Sixty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/65/27), chap. III, sect. E; ibid., Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/66/27), chap. III, sect. E; ibid., Sixty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/67/27), chap. III, sect. E; ibid., Sixty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/68/27), chap. III, sect. E; ibid., Sixty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/69/27), chap. III, sect. E; ibid., Seventieth Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/70/27), chap. III, sect. E; ibid., Seventy- first Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/71/27), chap. III, sect. E; and ibid., Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/72/27), chap. III, sect. E. A/RES/72/23 Prohibition of the development and manufacture of new types of weapons of mass destruction and new systems of such weapons: report of the Conference on Disarmament 17-21691 2/2 Noting the desirability of keeping the matter under review, as appropriate, 1. Reaffirms that effective measures should be taken to prevent the emergence of new types of weapons of mass destruction; 2. Requests the Conference on Disarmament, without prejudice to further overview of its agenda, to keep the matter under review, as appropriate, with a view to making, when necessary, recommendations on undertaking specific negotiations on identified types of such weapons; 3. Calls upon all States, immediately following any recommendations of the Conference on Disarmament, to give favourable consideration to those recommendations; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit to the Conference on Disarmament all documents relating to the consideration of this item by the General Assembly at its seventy-second session; 5. Requests the Conference on Disarmament to report the results of any consideration of the matter in its annual reports to the General Assembly; 6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fifth session the item entitled “Prohibition of the development and manufacture of new types of weapons of mass destruction and new systems of such weapons: report of the Conference on Disarmament”.
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A/RES/72/311
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 10 September 2018 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/72/L.59/Rev.1 and A/72/L.59/Rev.1/Add.1)] 72/311. Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa The General Assembly, Recalling the report of the Open-ended Ad Hoc Working Group on the Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa,1 its resolution 53/92 of 7 December 1998 and subsequent annual resolutions, including resolutions 67/293 of 24 July 2013, 68/278 of 16 June 2014, 69/291 of 19 June 2015, 70/292 of 7 July 2016 and 71/315 of 19 July 2017, as well as its resolutions 66/286 of 23 July 2012, 67/294 of 15 August 2013, 68/301 of 17 July 2014, 69/290 of 19 June 2015, 70/295 of 25 July 2016 and 71/320 of 8 September 2017 on the New Partnership for Africa’s Development and 59/213 of 20 December 2004, 63/310 of 14 September 2009, 65/274 of 18 April 2011 and 67/302 of 16 September 2013 on cooperation between the United Nations and the African Union, Recalling also, in this context, Security Council resolutions 1809 (2008) of 16 April 2008 on peace and security in Africa, 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000, 1820 (2008) of 19 June 2008, 1888 (2009) of 30 September 2009, 1889 (2009) of 5 October 2009, 1960 (2010) of 16 December 2010, 2106 (2013) of 24 June 2013, 2122 (2013) of 18 October 2013 and 2242 (2015) of 13 October 2015 on women and peace and security, 2250 (2015) of 9 December 2015 and 2419 (2018) of 6 June 2018 on youth, peace and security, 1366 (2001) of 30 August 2001 on the role of the Council in the prevention of armed conflicts, 1612 (2005) of 26 July 2005, 1882 (2009) of 4 August 2009, 1998 (2011) of 12 July 2011, 2068 (2012) of 19 September 2012 and 2225 (2015) of 18 June 2015 on children and armed conflict, 1625 (2005) of 14 September 2005 on strengthening the effectiveness of the role of __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 45 (A/56/45). A/RES/72/311 Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa 18-15055 2/12 the Council in conflict prevention, particularly in Africa, 2195 (2014) of 19 December 2014 on threats to international peace and security, 1631 (2005) of 17 October 2005, 2033 (2012) of 12 January 2012 and 2320 (2016) of 18 November 2016, as well as the statements by the President of the Security Council of 16 December 2014 2 and 24 May 2016 3 on cooperation between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations in maintaining international peace and security, and resolution 2167 (2014) of 28 July 2014 on United Nations peacekeeping operations, Recalling further the 2005 World Summit Outcome, 4 through which world leaders reaffirmed their commitment to addressing the special needs of Africa, and its resolution 60/265 of 30 June 2006, Reaffirming the political declaration on Africa’s development needs adopted at the high-level meeting on 22 September 2008,5 Recalling the 2015 high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly on the Sustainable Development Goals and its outcome document, 6 and recognizing that development, peace and security and human rights are closely interlinked and mutually reinforcing, Recalling also the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, and its outcome document entitled “The future we want”,7 Recalling further its resolution 66/293 of 17 September 2012 establishing a monitoring mechanism to review commitments made towards Africa’s development, Reaffirming the political declaration on the peaceful resolution of conflicts in Africa adopted at the high-level meeting of the General Assembly held on 25 April 2013,8 Reaffirming also the importance of supporting the African Union Agenda 2063, as a strategic vision and an action plan for ensuring a positive socioeconomic transformation in Africa by 2063, and acknowledging the emphasis in Agenda 2063 on peace and security as critical enablers for sustainable development, Reaffirming further its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in which it adopted a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Sustainable Development Goals and targets, its commitment to working tirelessly for the full implementation of the Agenda by 2030, its recognition that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, its commitment to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner, and to building upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to address their unfinished business, Reaffirming its resolution 69/313 of 27 July 2015 on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supports and __________________ 2 S/PRST/2014/27; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2014–31 July 2015 (S/INF/70). 3 S/PRST/2016/8. 4 Resolution 60/1. 5 Resolution 63/1. 6 Resolution 70/1. 7 Resolution 66/288, annex. 8 Resolution 67/259. Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa A/RES/72/311 3/12 18-15055 complements it, and helps to contextualize its means of implementation targets with concrete policies and actions, and reaffirms the strong political commitment to address the challenge of financing and creating an enabling environment at all levels for sustainable development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity, Stressing that the responsibility for peace and security in Africa, including the capacity to address the root causes of conflict and to resolve conflicts in a peaceful manner, lies primarily with African countries, while recognizing the need for the provision of support by the international community and the United Nations, taking into account the responsibilities of the Organization in this regard according to the Charter of the United Nations, Underscoring the importance of continuing the efforts of the African Union and subregional organizations to prevent and settle conflicts and promote human rights, democracy, the rule of law and constitutional order in Africa, Recognizing, in particular, the capacity of the African Union and subregional organizations to address the causes of conflict in Africa, Noting that, despite the positive trends and advances in obtaining durable peace in Africa, the conditions required for sustainable development have yet to be consolidated throughout the continent and that there is therefore an urgent need to continue to develop African human and institutional capacities, particularly in countries emerging from conflict, Reaffirming the commitment to ensure that there shall be no tolerance for impunity for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity or for violations of international humanitarian law and gross violations of human rights law, and that such violations shall be properly investigated and appropriately sanctioned, including by bringing the perpetrators of any crimes to justice, through national mechanisms or, where appropriate, regional or international mechanisms, in accordance with international law, and for that purpose encouraging States to strengthen national judicial systems and institutions, Underscoring the importance of taking into account lessons learned from the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, during which Hutu and others who opposed the genocide were also killed, Reaffirming the need to strengthen the synergy between Africa’s economic and social development programmes and its peace and security agenda, Recognizing the importance of aligning international support with Africa’s own priorities, including but not limited to industrialization, youth employment, the eradication of poverty and the reduction of inequalities, aimed at the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through action-oriented efforts, Underlining the importance of enhancing national and regional initiatives, with international support, to address the negative implications of the illegal exploitation of natural resources in all its aspects for peace, security and development in Africa, and condemning the illicit trade in and proliferation of arms, especially small arms and light weapons, Acknowledging that the achievement of durable peace and sustainable development in countries in conflict and post-conflict situations requires that national Governments and international partners continue to develop coordinated approaches tailored to the peacebuilding needs and challenges faced by those countries, Emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach to sustaining peace, particularly through the prevention of conflict and addressing its root causes, strengthening the rule of law at the international and national levels, and promoting A/RES/72/311 Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa 18-15055 4/12 sustained and sustainable economic growth, poverty eradication, social development, sustainable development, national reconciliation and unity, including through inclusive dialogue and mediation, access to justice and transitional justice, accountability, good governance, democracy, accountable institutions, gender equality and respect for, and protection of, human rights and fundamental freedoms, recognizing that effective peacebuilding must involve the entire United Nations system, and in this regard emphasizing the importance of joint analysis and effective strategic planning across the United Nations system in its long-term engagement in conflict-affected countries and, where appropriate, in cooperation and coordination with regional and subregional organizations, Reaffirming, in this regard, the importance of the Peacebuilding Commission as a dedicated mechanism to address, within its existing mandate and in an integrated manner, the special needs of countries emerging from conflict towards recovery, reintegration and reconstruction and to assist them in laying the foundation for peace and sustainable development, taking into consideration national priorities and the principle of national ownership, Reaffirming also the primary responsibility of national Governments and authorities in identifying, driving and directing priorities, strategies and activities for sustaining peace, and in this regard emphasizing that inclusivity is key to advancing national peacebuilding processes and objectives in order to ensure that the needs of all segments of society are taken into account, Welcoming the adoption of Security Council resolution 2413 (2018) and General Assembly resolution 72/276, on 26 April 2018, reaffirming Council resolution 2282 (2016) and Assembly resolution 70/262, both of 27 April 2016, on the review of the United Nations peacebuilding architecture, affirming the importance of sustaining peace, and recognizing the importance of their implementation for strengthening the Peacebuilding Commission and enabling it to realize its full potential, in accordance with Assembly resolution 60/180 and Council resolution 1645 (2005), both of 20 December 2005, and Assembly resolution 65/7 and Council resolution 1947 (2010), both of 29 October 2010, and in this regard taking note of the outcome report of the Cairo regional workshop held in November 2014, which provides perspectives from Africa on the need to consolidate the regional dimension in the activities of the Peacebuilding Commission in Africa,9 Encouraging the United Nations system, the African Union and subregional organizations to enhance their interaction with civil society, including women’s and youth associations, academia and research institutions, on issues relevant to the promotion of peace, security and sustainable development in Africa, and welcoming the ongoing efforts in this regard, including by the Office of the Special Adviser on Africa, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of the recommendations contained in his report on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa; 10 2. Welcomes the progress made by African countries, the African Union and subregional organizations in conflict prevention, peacemaking, peacekeeping, peacebuilding and development, calls for intensified efforts and a coordinated approach among national Governments, the African Union, subregional organizations, the United Nations system and relevant partners in addressing those challenges, with a view to achieving further progress towards the goal of a conflict- free Africa, and in this regard recognizes the important role played by civil society organizations, including women’s organizations; __________________ 9 See A/69/654-S/2014/882. 10 A/72/269-S/2017/780. Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa A/RES/72/311 5/12 18-15055 3. Recalls the adoption of the African Union Agenda 2063 and its first 10-year implementation plan (2014–2023), which outlines key African flagship projects, fast-track programmes, priority areas, specific targets and African strategies and policy measures at all levels, and acknowledges the importance of supporting the implementation of the plan; 4. Welcomes, in this regard, the high-level events organized during the 2017 Africa Week on the theme “Supporting an integrated, prosperous, people-centred and peaceful Africa: towards the implementation of Agenda 2063 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, organized by the Office of the Special Adviser on Africa, in close partnership with the African Union Commission, the Planning and Coordination Agency of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, the African Peer Review Mechanism, regional economic communities and the United Nations system; 5. Also welcomes the commitment of the African leaders to Africa’s political, social and economic integration agenda and to the ideal of pan-Africanism and African renaissance, as well as the pledge to “end all wars in Africa by 2020” and “achieve the goal of a conflict-free Africa”, as affirmed in the solemn declaration adopted on 26 May 2013 on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Organization of African Unity/African Union, expresses its readiness to contribute, and calls upon all, in particular relevant United Nations entities, to help to achieve this goal, including by considering defining a concrete five-year actionable plan in support of the goal of achieving a conflict-free Africa by 2020; 6. Underlines the importance of the strategic partnerships among the United Nations, the African Union and the regional economic communities, including in promoting an integrated and coherent implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development6 and the African Union Agenda 2063; 7. Notes the ongoing efforts of the African Union, in collaboration with regional economic communities and development partners, including the United Nations system, to develop an action plan towards implementing the decision of the 2013 solemn declaration that the continent would “silence the guns by 2020”, and calls upon Member States and the United Nations system, as appropriate, to intensify their support and cooperation with African countries, the African Union and the African regional economic communities and relevant regional mechanisms towards the timely realization of the goal of silencing the guns by 2020; 8. Takes note, in this regard, of the high-level expert group meeting on the theme “Tackling the socioeconomic root causes of conflict towards achieving the goal of a conflict-free Africa in the context of the implementation of Africa’s transformative Agenda 2063 and the global 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, held in Cairo on 16 and 17 November 2015; 9. Reaffirms the need to promote and protect effectively the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, regardless of their migration status, especially those of women and children, and to address international migration through international, regional or bilateral cooperation and dialogue and through a comprehensive and balanced approach, recognizing the roles and responsibilities of countries of origin, transit and destination in promoting and protecting the human rights of all migrants and avoiding approaches that might aggravate their vulnerability, and recognizes in this regard the importance of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, adopted at the high-level plenary meeting of A/RES/72/311 Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa 18-15055 6/12 the General Assembly on addressing large movements of refugees and migrants, held on 19 September 2016;11 10. Underlines the need to address the economic, social and environmental impact of climate change, desertification and land degradation in Africa, and highlights the importance of enhancing efforts to strengthen the implementation of initiatives aimed at enhancing resilience in Africa, in particular the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme and other initiatives launched under the leadership of the African Union Commission such as the Great Green Wall and the Land Policy Initiative, as well as initiatives launched by African countries such as the Adaptation of African Agriculture and the Security, Stability and Sustainability initiatives; 11. Welcomes the ongoing efforts of the African Union and subregional organizations to strengthen their peacekeeping capacity in peacekeeping operations on the continent, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations and in close coordination with the United Nations, through the Peace and Security Council of the African Union, as well as the ongoing efforts to develop a continental early warning system, strengthen the readiness of the African Standby Force and enhance mediation capacity and preventive diplomacy, including through the Panel of the Wise; 12. Recognizes the growing and emerging challenges and risks facing United Nations peacekeeping operations and political missions, and in this regard takes note of the report of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations12 and the report of the Secretary-General entitled “The future of United Nations peace operations: implementation of the recommendations of the High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations”,13 as well as the recommendations supported by Member States in the report of the Special Committee on Peacekeeping Operations, 14 in particular on prevention, mediation and stronger global regional partnerships, including between the United Nations and the African Union, and encourages the Security Council, as appropriate, to consult with relevant regional organizations, particularly the African Union, especially if transitioning from a regional to a United Nations peacekeeping operation; 13. Calls upon the United Nations system and Member States to support the peace consolidation mechanisms and processes, including the African Peace and Security Architecture, the African Governance Architecture, the African Union Post- Conflict Reconstruction and Development Framework and the African Union Centre for Post-Conflict Reconstruction and Development, in order to fully contribute to conflict prevention, peacemaking initiatives, peacebuilding and post-conflict reconstruction; 14. Calls upon Member States to assist African countries in post-conflict situations, at their request, in achieving a smooth transition from relief to development and to support relevant United Nations bodies, including the Peacebuilding Commission; 15. Calls upon the United Nations system, the international community and all partners to support the efforts of African countries to promote political, social and economic inclusion; __________________ 11 Resolution 71/1. 12 See A/70/95-S/2015/446. 13 A/70/357-S/2015/682. 14 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-first Session, Supplement No. 19 (A/71/19). Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa A/RES/72/311 7/12 18-15055 16. Stresses the importance of creating an environment conducive to national reconciliation and social and economic recovery in countries emerging from conflict; 17. Calls upon the international community to enhance support and fulfil its commitments to take further action in areas critical to Africa’s economic and social development, in the spirit of win-win cooperation and to create a shared future, based upon our common humanity, and welcomes the efforts by development partners to strengthen cooperation with the New Partnership for Africa’s Development;15 18. Invites the United Nations and the donor community to increase efforts to support ongoing regional efforts to build African mediation and negotiation capacity; 19. Calls upon the United Nations system and Member States to support the African Union in its effort to effectively integrate training in international humanitarian law and international human rights law, with particular emphasis on the rights of women and children, into the training of civilian, police and military personnel of national standby contingents at both the operational and tactical levels, as set out in article 13 of the Protocol relating to the Establishment of the Peace and Security Council of the African Union; 20. Recognizes that international and regional efforts to prevent conflict and consolidate peace in Africa should be channelled towards the sustainable development of Africa and the human and institutional capacity-building of African countries and organizations, particularly in priority areas identified at the continental level; 21. Welcomes, in this regard, the joint visits of the Secretary-General and the President of the World Bank to the countries of the Horn of Africa in October 2014, and to the Great Lakes region in May 2013, as well as the joint visit of the Secretary- General, the Chairperson of the African Union Commission, the President of the World Bank, the President of the African Development Bank and the European Union Commissioner for Development to the Sahel region in November 2013, and calls for the fulfilment of all the pledges made to support peace and development in these regions; 22. Also welcomes the adoption of its resolution 71/254 of 23 December 2016 on the Framework for a Renewed United Nations-African Union Partnership on Africa’s Integration and Development Agenda 2017–2027, and calls upon the Secretary-General to provide, as appropriate, predictable support for full, effective and efficient implementation of the Framework; 23. Affirms the importance of the role of the Interdepartmental Task Force on African Affairs and the Regional Coordination Mechanism for Africa in ensuring greater coherence and coordination of United Nations system support to Africa, including support to the African Union, particularly in the areas of conflict prevention and conflict resolution, human rights, governance and the rule of law, and post- conflict reconstruction and development; 24. Stresses the critical importance of a regional approach to conflict prevention, in particular with respect to cross-border issues such as transnational organized crime, drug trafficking, disarmament, demobilization, repatriation, resettlement and reintegration programmes, the prevention of illegal exploitation of natural resources and trafficking in high-value commodities and the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects, and emphasizes in this regard the central role of the African Union and subregional organizations in addressing such issues; __________________ 15 A/57/304, annex. A/RES/72/311 Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa 18-15055 8/12 25. Expresses grave concern about the growing threat posed by terrorism to the peace, security and social and economic development of Africa, takes note of the communiqué of the Peace and Security Council summit on the prevention and combating of terrorism and violent extremism in Africa, held in Nairobi on 2 September 2014, and encourages the United Nations to work with African countries, the African Union and the regional economic communities to support the development and implementation of regional and national counter-terrorism action plans; 26. Calls upon United Nations counter-terrorism entities, within existing mandates, and Member States to provide assistance and capacity-building towards Africa’s efforts to counter violent extremism and terrorism; 27. Calls upon the United Nations system, the African Union and the international community to intensify their cooperation in the global fight against terrorism through the implementation of the relevant international and regional treaties and protocols and, in particular, the Plan of Action on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism in Africa of the African Union, as well as their support for the African Centre for Studies and Research on Terrorism, based in Algiers; 28. Takes note of the decision on the establishment of the African Union Special Fund on the Prevention and Combating of Terrorism and Violent Extremism in Africa, adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union at its twenty-seventh ordinary session, held in Kigali on 17 and 18 July 2016, and encourages the United Nations system and Member States to support the efforts of the African Union in this regard; 29. Welcomes the initiative by the Secretary-General, and takes note of his Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism;16 30. Notes with concern that violence against women and children, including sexual violence, continues and may increase even as armed conflicts draw to an end, urges further progress in the implementation of policies and guidelines relating to the protection of and assistance to women and children in conflict and post-conflict situations in Africa, including more systematic monitoring and reporting, notes the adoption by the General Assembly and the Security Council of relevant resolutions, and encourages the entities that compose United Nations Action against Sexual Violence in Conflict, as well as other relevant parts of the United Nations system, to assist the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict in the implementation of her mandate, including in Africa; 31. Also notes with concern the tragic plight of children in conflict situations in Africa, in particular the phenomenon of the recruitment and use of children by parties to armed conflicts, as well as other violations and abuses committed against children, stresses the need for the protection of children in armed conflicts and for ensuring that the protection and rights of children in armed conflicts are integrated into all peace processes, also stresses the need for post-conflict counselling, reintegration, rehabilitation and education, with due regard for the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Security Council, and encourages the relevant parts of the United Nations system to assist the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict in the implementation of her mandate, including in Africa; 32. Stresses the importance of addressing the socioeconomic dimension of youth unemployment, as well as facilitating the enhanced participation of youth in decision-making processes, with a view to addressing social, political and economic challenges; __________________ 16 See A/70/674. Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa A/RES/72/311 9/12 18-15055 33. Calls for the enhancement of the role of youth in conflict prevention, conflict resolution, peacekeeping and post-conflict peacebuilding, consistent with relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 2250 (2015) and 2419 (2018) on youth, peace and security; 34. Welcomes the decision of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union to proclaim “Winning the fight against corruption: a sustainable path to Africa’s transformation” as the theme for 2018; 35. Calls for the enhancement of the role of women in conflict prevention, conflict resolution, peacekeeping and post-conflict peacebuilding, consistent with relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 (2008) and 2242 (2015) on women and peace and security, and welcomes in this regard the report of the Secretary-General containing the results of the global study on the implementation of resolution 1325 (2000),17 recognizes with appreciation all the work undertaken for the global study, and encourages follow-up of its recommendations; 36. Welcomes the ongoing efforts of the African Union to ensure the protection of the rights of women in conflict and post-conflict situations, recalls in this regard the adoption and entry into force of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, the Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa, the African Union Gender Policy, the African Union five-year Gender, Peace and Security Programme, 2015–2020, the declaration by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union of 2015 as the Year of Women’s Empowerment and Development towards Africa’s Agenda 2063 and the Southern African Development Community Protocol on Gender and Development, as well as the Framework of Cooperation concerning the Prevention and Response to Conflict-related Sexual Violence in Africa signed by the African Union Commission and the United Nations, stresses the significance of those instruments for all countries in Africa for strengthening the role of women in peace and conflict prevention on the continent, strongly urges the United Nations and all relevant parties to redouble their efforts and support in this regard, and recalls the decision of the African Union to declare 2016 as the African Year of Human Rights with Particular Focus on the Rights of Women; 37. Also welcomes the ongoing efforts of the African Union to ensure the protection of children in conflict and post-conflict situations, recalls in this regard the adoption and entry into force of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, as well as the declaration signed on 17 September 2013 by the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict and the Peace and Security Department of the African Union Commission, in order to mainstream protection mechanisms in all peace and security activities of the African Union, in close partnership with the United Nations Children’s Fund, and stresses the significance of those instruments for all countries in Africa in protecting children affected by armed conflicts on the continent; 38. Takes note of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa, which entered into force on 6 December 2012, and the Kampala Declaration on Refugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons in Africa, adopted on 23 October 2009; 39. Calls for the safeguarding of the principle of refugee protection in Africa and the resolution of the plight of refugees, including through support for efforts aimed at addressing the causes of refugee movement and bringing about the voluntary, dignified, safe and sustainable return and reintegration of those populations, and calls upon the international community, including Member States, the Office of the United __________________ 17 S/2015/716. A/RES/72/311 Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa 18-15055 10/12 Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other relevant United Nations organizations, within their respective mandates, to take concrete action to meet the protection and assistance needs of refugees, returnees and displaced persons and to contribute generously to projects and programmes aimed at alleviating their plight, facilitating durable solutions for refugees and displaced persons and supporting vulnerable local host communities; 40. Recognizes the important contribution of the African Peer Review Mechanism since its inception in improving governance and supporting socioeconomic development in African countries; 41. Takes note of the decision adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union at its summit in January 2017 on the revitalization of the African Peer Review Mechanism, expanding the monitoring and evaluation mandate of the Mechanism, and invites the United Nations system and Member States to provide voluntary substantial financial and capacity-building support to the Mechanism to advance its activities; 42. Welcomes African-led initiatives to strengthen political, economic and corporate governance, such as the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance and the African Peer Review Mechanism, encourages more African countries to participate in this process, and calls upon the United Nations system and Member States to assist African countries and regional and subregional organizations, upon their request, in their ongoing efforts to promote democracy, constitutional order and the rule of law, to enhance good governance and to continue to fight against impunity, as well as in the holding of free, fair, inclusive, peaceful and transparent elections; 43. Recognizes the role of the Peacebuilding Commission in ensuring that national ownership of the peacebuilding process in conflict-affected countries is observed and that nationally identified priorities are at the core of international and regional efforts in peacebuilding and sustaining peace in the countries under consideration, notes the important steps taken by the Commission in engaging with a broad range of country and regional situations, including Burundi, the Central African Republic, the Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sierra Leone, the Sahel and the Great Lakes, and calls for sustained regional and international commitment to the implementation of nationally identified peacebuilding priorities; 44. Also recognizes the progress made by the Peacebuilding Commission in enhancing its relationship with regional and subregional organizations in Africa, in particular the African Union, including among others through visits of the Chair of the Commission to the headquarters of the African Union in 2016 and 2017 and through a joint event of the Commission and the Peace and Security Council held on 18 July 2018, and in this regard welcomes the signing of a memorandum of understanding on peacebuilding between the Peacebuilding Support Office and the African Union Commission on 18 September 2017 with a view to strengthening the collaboration between the United Nations and the African Union to provide a framework and strengthen cooperation in support of peacebuilding and sustaining peace efforts in Africa; 45. Further recognizes the profound socioeconomic impact of diseases, inter alia, the Ebola virus disease, in Central and West Africa, including on the capacity to provide basic services and economic activities, expresses deep concern about the potential reversal, due to the Ebola outbreak, of the gains made by the affected countries in development, peacebuilding, political stability and the reconstruction of socioeconomic infrastructure in recent years, and encourages effective measures and targeted investments to overcome these difficulties and to support recovery priorities, including the importance of maintaining strong Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa A/RES/72/311 11/12 18-15055 surveillance and response systems and building strong and resilient national health systems, particularly in the most affected countries, in line with the outcome of the International Ebola Recovery Conference, held in New York on 10 July 2015 and the International Health Regulations (2005) adopted by the World Health Assembly; 18 46. Acknowledges the particular challenges infectious disease outbreaks pose in conflict-affected areas and their effect on health crisis management, as health systems in areas of conflict are often compromised and ill-equipped to deal with the threat posed by infectious disease outbreaks, and strongly condemns violence attacks and threats directed against medical personnel and facilities, which have long-term consequences for the civilian population and the health-care systems of the countries concerned, as well as for the neighbouring regions, and have a negative impact on sustainable development; 47. Calls upon the United Nations system, and invites Member States, to assist African countries emerging from conflict, upon their request as appropriate, in their efforts to build national capacities, including through national security sector reform strategies, the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants, including children formerly associated with armed forces or armed groups, the provision for the safe return of internally displaced persons and refugees, the launch of income-generation activities, particularly for youth and women, and the delivery of basic public services; 48. Urges continued support for measures to address the challenges of poverty eradication and hunger, job creation and sustainable development in Africa, including, as appropriate, debt relief, improved market access, support for the private sector and entrepreneurship, fulfilment of commitments on official development assistance and increased flows of foreign direct investment and transfer of technology on mutually agreed terms; 49. Recognizes the need for African countries to make continued efforts to create enabling environments for inclusive growth in support of sustainable development and for the international community to make continued efforts to increase the flow of new and additional resources for financing for development from all sources, public and private, domestic and foreign, to support those development efforts by African countries, and welcomes the various important initiatives established between African countries and their development partners in this regard; 50. Calls upon the United Nations system and Member States, bilateral and multilateral partners and new partners to deliver expeditiously on commitments and to ensure the full and speedy implementation of the provisions of the political declaration on Africa’s development needs,5 as well as the implementation of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development; 51. Encourages African Governments to strengthen structures and policies in order to create an environment conducive to the promotion of inclusive economic growth and to attracting foreign direct investment, by, inter alia, continuing to achieve a transparent, stable and predictable investment climate, with proper contract enforcement and respect for property rights, and to promote socioeconomic development and social justice, calls upon African Member States and regional and subregional organizations to assist the African countries concerned, at their request, by enhancing their capacity to devise and improve their national natural resources and public revenue management structures, and in this regard invites the international community to assist in that process by providing adequate financial and technical assistance and by renewing its commitment to efforts aimed at combating __________________ 18 World Health Organization, document WHA58/2005/REC/1, resolution 58.3, annex. A/RES/72/311 Implementation of the recommendations contained in the report of the Secretary-General on the causes of conflict and the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa 18-15055 12/12 the illegal exploitation of the natural resources of those countries, in conformity with international law; 52. Recalls relevant resolutions on the strengthening of cooperation and communication between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations or arrangements, and encourages coordination and cooperation between the United Nations system and regional and subregional organizations and regional economic communities in advocacy and in the mobilization of the support of the international community for African countries and towards the priorities of their continental and regional institutions; 53. Welcomes the convening of the first United Nations-African Union annual conference at the level of the Secretary General and the Chairperson of the African Union Commission at United Nations Headquarters on 19 April 2017 and the signing of the Joint United Nations-African Union Framework for Enhanced Partnership in Peace and Security, and the signing of the African Union-United Nations Framework for the Implementation of Agenda 2063 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on 27 January 2018, and underlines the importance of enhancing the partnership between the two organizations in all areas of peace, security and sustainable development; 54. Emphasizes the importance of deepening cooperation between the United Nations and the African Union, based on consultations, regular meetings at all levels, shared analysis, comparative advantages and division of labour to better address today’s challenges, in accordance with Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations; 55. Notes the completion of the review of the implementation of the recommendations contained in the 1998 report of the Secretary-General, 19 and requests the Secretary-General to develop, in consultation with relevant partners, policy proposals on issues identified in his report, including enhancing cooperation among the United Nations, the African Union and subregional organizations, particularly in conflict prevention and resolution, peacekeeping, post-conflict peacebuilding and recovery, and promoting socioeconomic development, good governance, the rule of law and human rights; 56. Takes note of the recommendations presented by the Secretary-General to the General Assembly at its sixty-seventh session on possible ways to strengthen the interdepartmental task force on African affairs, 20 including through enhancing joint advocacy for international support to Africa, assisting in the mobilization of support for the implementation of relevant programmes and initiatives in Africa and championing approaches and solutions that take into account the enabling environment that peace and security provide for development, and reaffirms the need to ensure further coherence and an integrated approach for United Nations support to Africa, including in following up on the implementation of all global summit and conference outcomes related to Africa; 57. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to monitor and report to the General Assembly on an annual basis on persistent and emerging challenges to the promotion of durable peace and sustainable development in Africa, including the root causes of conflict and conditions to promote sustainable development, as well as on the approach and support of the United Nations system. 113th plenary meeting 10 September 2018 __________________ 19 A/52/871-S/1998/318. 20 See A/67/205/Add.1-S/2012/715/Add.1.
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A/RES/72/43
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2017 [on the report of the First Committee (A/72/409)] 72/43. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction The General Assembly, Recalling its previous resolutions on the subject of chemical weapons, in particular resolution 71/69 of 5 December 2016, Determined to achieve the effective prohibition of the development, production, acquisition, transfer, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and their destruction, Reaffirming its strong support for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction1 and for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on the twentieth anniversary of the entry into force of the Convention and its deep appreciation of the Organisation, which was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 2013 for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons, Re-emphasizing its unequivocal support for the decision of the Director General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to continue the mission to establish the facts surrounding the allegations of the use of chemical weapons, including toxic chemicals, for hostile purposes in the Syrian Arab Republic, while stressing that the safety and security of mission personnel remains the top priority, and recalling the continuation of the work, pursuant to Security Council resolutions 2235 (2015) of 7 August 2015 and 2319 (2016) of 17 November 2016, of the Joint Investigative Mechanism of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the United Nations, which was established to identify to the greatest extent feasible individuals, entities, groups or Governments that were perpetrators, organizers, sponsors or otherwise involved in the use of chemicals as __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1974, No. 33757. A/RES/72/43 Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction 17-21720 2/5 weapons, including chlorine or any other toxic chemical, in the Syrian Arab Republic, where the fact-finding mission of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons determined that a specific incident in the Syrian Arab Republic involved or likely involved the use of chemicals as weapons, Reaffirming the importance of the outcome of the Third Special Session of the Conference of the States Parties to Review the Operation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, held in The Hague from 8 to 19 April 2013 (the Third Review Conference), including its consensus final report, in which the Conference addressed all aspects of the Convention and made important recommendations on its continued implementation, Emphasizing that the Third Review Conference welcomed the fact that the Convention is a unique multilateral agreement banning an entire category of weapons of mass destruction in a non-discriminatory and verifiable manner under strict and effective international control and noted with satisfaction that the Convention continues to be a remarkable success and an example of effective multilateralism, Convinced that the Convention, 20 years after its entry into force, has reinforced its role as the international norm against chemical weapons, and that it constitutes a major contribution to: (a) International peace and security, (b) Eliminating chemical weapons and preventing their re-emergence, (c) The ultimate objective of general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, (d) Excluding completely, for the sake of all mankind, the possibility of the use of chemical weapons, (e) Promoting international cooperation and exchange in scientific and technical information in the field of chemical activities among States parties for peaceful purposes in order to enhance the economic and technological development of all States parties, 1. Reaffirms its condemnation in the strongest possible terms of the use of chemical weapons by anyone under any circumstances, emphasizing that any use of chemical weapons anywhere, at any time, by anyone, under any circumstances is unacceptable and is and would be a violation of international law and expressing its strong conviction that those individuals responsible for the use of chemical weapons must and should be held accountable; 2. Condemns in the strongest possible terms the use of chemical weapons as reported by the Joint Investigative Mechanism of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the United Nations in: (a) Its reports of 24 August 20162 and 21 October 2016,3 which concluded that there was sufficient information to determine that the Syrian Arab Armed Forces were responsible for the attacks which released toxic substances in Talmenes, Syrian Arab Republic, on 21 April 2014, in Sarmin, Syrian Arab Republic, on 16 March 2015, and in Qmenas, Syrian Arab Republic, also on 16 March 2015, and that the so-called “Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant” used sulfur mustard in Marea, Syrian Arab Republic, on 21 August 2015; and __________________ 2 See S/2016/738/Rev.1. 3 See S/2016/888. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction A/RES/72/43 3/5 17-21720 (b) Its report of 26 October 2017,4 which concluded that there was sufficient information to be confident that Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant was responsible for the use of sulfur mustard at Umm Hawsh on 15 and 16 September 2016 and that the Syrian Arab Republic was responsible for the release of sarin at Khan Shaykhun on 4 April 2017; and demands that the perpetrators immediately desist from any further use of chemical weapons; 3. Reiterates the grave concern expressed by the Executive Council of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in its decision EC-84/DEC.8 of 9 March 2017 that, according to statements by the Government of Malaysia, a chemical weapon – the Schedule 1 nerve agent VX – was used in a fatal incident on 13 February 2017 at Kuala Lumpur International Airport 2; 4. Emphasizes that the universality of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction1 is essential to achieving its object and purpose and to enhancing the security of States parties, as well as to international peace and security, underlines the fact that the objectives of the Convention will not be fully realized as long as there remains even a single State not party to the Convention that could possess or acquire such weapons, and calls upon all States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Convention without delay; 5. Underlines the fact that the full, effective and non-discriminatory implementation of all articles of the Convention makes a major contribution to international peace and security through the elimination of existing stockpiles of chemical weapons and the prohibition of their acquisition and use, and provides for assistance and protection in the event of use or threat of use of chemical weapons and for international cooperation for peaceful purposes in the field of chemical activities; 6. Notes the impact of scientific and technological progress on the effective implementation of the Convention and the importance for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and its policymaking organs of taking due account of such developments; 7. Reaffirms that the obligation of the States parties to complete the destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles and the destruction or conversion of chemical weapons production facilities in accordance with the provisions of the Convention and the Annex on Implementation and Verification (Verification Annex) and under the verification of the Technical Secretariat of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons is essential for the realization of the object and purpose of the Convention; 8. Stresses the importance to the Convention that all possessors of chemical weapons, chemical weapons production facilities or chemical weapons development facilities, including previously declared possessor States, should be among the States parties to the Convention, and welcomes progress to that end; 9. Recalls that the Third Special Session of the Conference of the States Parties to Review the Operation of the Chemical Weapons Convention expressed concern regarding the statement made by the Director General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in his report to the Executive Council of the Organisation at its sixty-eighth session, provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of decision C-16/DEC.11 of 1 December 2011 adopted by the Conference of the States Parties at its sixteenth session, that three possessor States parties, namely, __________________ 4 See S/2017/904. A/RES/72/43 Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction 17-21720 4/5 Libya, the Russian Federation and the United States of America, had been unable to fully meet the final extended deadline of 29 April 2012 for the destruction of their chemical weapons stockpiles, and also expressed determination that the destruction of all categories of chemical weapons should be completed in the shortest time possible in accordance with the provisions of the Convention and the Verification Annex, and with the full application of the relevant decisions that have been taken; 10. Welcomes the confirmation by the Director General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons expressed in his report of 5 October 2017,5 based upon information received from the Russian Federation and independent information received from the inspectors of the Organisation, regarding the completion of the full destruction of chemical weapons declared by the Russian Federation; 11. Also welcomes the ongoing progress related to the destruction of Libya’s remaining category 2 chemical weapons outside the territory of Libya in line with the relevant Executive Council decisions; 12. Notes with concern that, along with the threat of the possible production, acquisition and use of chemical weapons by States, the international community also faces the danger of the production, acquisition and use of chemical weapons by non-State actors, including terrorists, concerns which have highlighted the necessity of achieving universal adherence to the Convention, as well as the high level of readiness of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and stresses that the full and effective implementation of all provisions of the Convention, including those on national implementation (article VII) and assistance and protection (article X), constitutes an important contribution to the efforts of the United Nations in the global fight against terrorism in all its forms and manifestations; 13. Notes that the effective application of the verification system builds confidence in compliance with the Convention by States parties; 14. Stresses the importance of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in verifying compliance with the provisions of the Convention as well as in promoting the timely and efficient accomplishment of all its objectives; 15. Expresses grave concern that the Technical Secretariat, as reported by the Director General in his report of 4 October 2017,6 is not able to resolve all identified gaps, inconsistencies and discrepancies in the declaration of the Syrian Arab Republic and, therefore, cannot fully verify that the Syrian Arab Republic has submitted a declaration that can be considered accurate and complete in accordance with the Convention or Executive Council decision EC-M-33/DEC.1, and underscores the importance of such full verification; 16. Urges all States parties to the Convention to meet in full and on time their obligations under the Convention and to support the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in its implementation activities; 17. Welcomes the progress made in the national implementation of article VII obligations, commends the States parties and the Technical Secretariat for assisting other States parties, on request, with the implementation of the follow-up to the plan of action regarding article VII obligations, and urges States parties that have not fulfilled their obligations under article VII to do so without further delay, in accordance with their constitutional processes; __________________ 5 EC-86/DG.31. 6 EC-86/DG.30. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction A/RES/72/43 5/5 17-21720 18. Emphasizes the continuing relevance and importance of the provisions of article X of the Convention, welcomes the activities of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in relation to assistance and protection against chemical weapons, supports further efforts by both States parties and the Technical Secretariat to promote a high level of readiness to respond to chemical weapons threats as articulated in article X, and welcomes the effectiveness and efficiency of the increased focus on making full use of regional and subregional capacities and expertise, including taking advantage of established training centres; 19. Reaffirms that the provisions of the Convention shall be implemented in a manner that avoids hampering the economic or technological development of States parties and international cooperation in the field of chemical activities for purposes not prohibited under the Convention, including the international exchange of scientific and technical information, and chemicals and equipment for the production, processing or use of chemicals for purposes not prohibited under the Convention; 20. Emphasizes the importance of the provisions of article XI of the Convention relating to the economic and technological development of States parties, recalls that the full, effective and non-discriminatory implementation of those provisions contributes to universality, and reaffirms the undertaking of the States parties to foster international cooperation for peaceful purposes in the field of chemical activities of the States parties and the importance of that cooperation and its contribution to the promotion of the Convention as a whole; 21. Notes with appreciation the ongoing work of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to achieve the object and purpose of the Convention, to ensure the full implementation of its provisions, including those for international verification of compliance with it, and to provide a forum for consultation and cooperation among States parties; 22. Stresses the importance of the preparatory work related to the Fourth Special Session of the Conference of the States Parties to Review the Operation of the Chemical Weapons Convention; 23. Welcomes the cooperation between the United Nations and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons within the framework of the relationship agreement between the United Nations and the Organisation, 7 in accordance with the provisions of the Convention; 24. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-third session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction”. 62nd plenary meeting 4 December 2017 __________________ 7 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2160, No. 1240.
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A/RES/72/53
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2017 [on the report of the First Committee (A/72/409)] 72/53. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 54/54 B of 1 December 1999, 55/33 V of 20 November 2000, 56/24 M of 29 November 2001, 57/74 of 22 November 2002, 58/53 of 8 December 2003, 59/84 of 3 December 2004, 60/80 of 8 December 2005, 61/84 of 6 December 2006, 62/41 of 5 December 2007, 63/42 of 2 December 2008, 64/56 of 2 December 2009, 65/48 of 8 December 2010, 66/29 of 2 December 2011, 67/32 of 3 December 2012, 68/30 of 5 December 2013, 69/34 of 2 December 2014, 70/55 of 7 December 2015 and 71/34 of 5 December 2016, Reaffirming its determination to put an end to the suffering and casualties caused by anti-personnel mines, which kill or injure thousands of people – women, girls, boys and men – every year, and which place people living in affected areas at risk and hinder the development of their communities, Believing it necessary to do the utmost to contribute in an efficient and coordinated manner to facing the challenge of removing anti-personnel mines placed throughout the world and to assure their destruction, Wishing to do the utmost to ensure assistance for the care and rehabilitation, including the social and economic reintegration, of mine victims, Noting with satisfaction the work undertaken to implement the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction1 and the substantial progress made towards addressing the global anti-personnel landmine problem, __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2056, No. 35597. A/RES/72/53 Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction 17-21737 2/3 Recalling the first to fifteenth meetings of the States parties to the Convention, held in Maputo (1999), Geneva (2000), Managua (2001), Geneva (2002), Bangkok (2003), Zagreb (2005), Geneva (2006), the Dead Sea (2007), Geneva (2008 and 2010), Phnom Penh (2011), Geneva (2012, 2013 and 2015) and Santiago (2016), and the First, Second and Third Review Conferences of the States Parties to the Convention, held in Nairobi (2004), Cartagena, Colombia (2009), and Maputo (2014), Recalling also that, at the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention, the international community reviewed the implementation of the Convention and the States parties adopted a declaration and an action plan for the period 2014–2019 to support enhanced implementation and promotion of the Convention, Underlining the importance of cooperation and assistance in the implementation of the Convention, including through the so-called individualized approach, which offers mine-affected countries a platform for presenting their challenges, Noting with satisfaction that 162 States have ratified or acceded to the Convention and have formally accepted the obligations of the Convention, Emphasizing the desirability of attracting the adherence of all States to the Convention, and determined to work strenuously towards the promotion of its universalization and norms, Noting with regret that anti-personnel mines continue to be used in some conflicts around the world, causing human suffering and impeding post-conflict development, 1. Invites all States that have not signed the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction1 to accede to it without delay; 2. Urges the one remaining State that has signed but has not ratified the Convention to ratify it without delay; 3. Stresses the importance of the full and effective implementation of and compliance with the Convention, including through the continued implementation of the action plan for the period 2014–2019; 4. Expresses strong concern regarding the use of anti-personnel mines in various parts of the world, including use highlighted in recent allegations, reports and documented evidence; 5. Urges all States parties to provide the Secretary-General with complete and timely information as required under article 7 of the Convention in order to promote transparency and compliance with the Convention; 6. Invites all States that have not ratified the Convention or acceded to it to provide, on a voluntary basis, information to make global mine action efforts more effective; 7. Renews its call upon all States and other relevant parties to work together to promote, support and advance the care, rehabilitation and social and economic reintegration of mine victims, mine risk education programmes and the removal and destruction of anti-personnel mines placed or stockpiled throughout the world; 8. Urges all States to remain seized of the issue at the highest political level and, where in a position to do so, to promote adherence to the Convention through bilateral, subregional, regional and multilateral contacts, outreach, seminars and other means; Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction A/RES/72/53 3/3 17-21737 9. Reiterates its invitation and encouragement to all interested States, the United Nations, other relevant international organizations or institutions, regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross and relevant non-governmental organizations to attend the Sixteenth Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention, to be held in Vienna from 18 to 21 December 2017, and to participate in the future programme of meetings of the States parties to the Convention; 10. Requests the Secretary-General, in accordance with article 11, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to undertake the preparations necessary to convene the Seventeenth Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention and, on behalf of the States parties and in accordance with article 11, paragraph 4, of the Convention, to invite States not parties to the Convention, as well as the United Nations, other relevant international organizations or institutions, regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross and relevant non-governmental organizations, to attend the Seventeenth Meeting of the States Parties as observers; 11. Calls upon States parties and participating States to address issues arising from outstanding dues and from recently implemented United Nations financial and accounting practices; 12. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-third session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction”.
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A/RES/72/67
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2017 [on the report of the First Committee (A/72/412)] 72/67. The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East The General Assembly, Bearing in mind its relevant resolutions, the latest of which is resolution 71/83 of 5 December 2016, Taking note of the relevant resolutions adopted by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the latest of which is resolution GC(61)/RES/14, adopted on 21 September 2017, Cognizant that the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the region of the Middle East would pose a serious threat to international peace and security, Mindful of the immediate need for placing all nuclear facilities in the region of the Middle East under full-scope safeguards of the Agency, Recalling the decision on principles and objectives for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 11 May 1995,1 in which the Conference urged universal adherence to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons2 as an urgent priority and called upon all States not yet parties to the Treaty to accede to it at the earliest date, particularly those States that operate unsafeguarded nuclear facilities, Recognizing with satisfaction that, in the Final Document of the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,3 the Conference undertook to make determined efforts towards the __________________ 1 See 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, Part I (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I) and NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I)/Corr.2), annex. 2 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 729, No. 10485. 3 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vols. I–III (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I and II), NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Part III) and NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Part IV)). A/RES/72/67 The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East 17-21759 2/3 achievement of the goal of universality of the Treaty, called upon those remaining States not parties to the Treaty to accede to it, thereby accepting an international legally binding commitment not to acquire nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices and to accept Agency safeguards on all their nuclear activities, and underlined the necessity of universal adherence to the Treaty and of strict compliance by all parties with their obligations under the Treaty, Recalling the resolution on the Middle East adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on 11 May 1995,1 in which the Conference noted with concern the continued existence in the Middle East of unsafeguarded nuclear facilities, reaffirmed the importance of the early realization of universal adherence to the Treaty, and called upon all States in the Middle East that had not yet done so, without exception, to accede to the Treaty as soon as possible and to place all their nuclear facilities under full-scope Agency safeguards, Acknowledging that, in the Final Document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,4 the Conference emphasized the importance of a process leading to full implementation of the 1995 resolution on the Middle East and decided, inter alia, that the Secretary- General of the United Nations and the co-sponsors of the 1995 resolution, in consultation with the States of the region, would convene a conference in 2012, to be attended by all States of the Middle East, on the establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction, on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at by the States of the region, and with the full support and engagement of the nuclear-weapon States, Expressing regret and concern that the conference was not convened in 2012 as mandated and that little progress has been achieved towards the implementation of the resolution on the Middle East adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty, Noting, in this context, the relevant resolutions of the League of Arab States aiming at the establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction, Taking note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General,5 Recalling that Israel remains the only State in the Middle East that has not yet become a party to the Treaty, Concerned about the threats posed by the proliferation of nuclear weapons to the security and stability of the Middle East region, Stressing the importance of taking confidence-building measures, in particular the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East, in order to enhance peace and security in the region and to consolidate the global non-proliferation regime, Emphasizing the need for all parties directly concerned to seriously consider taking the practical and urgent steps required for the implementation of the proposal to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and, as a means of promoting this objective, inviting the countries concerned to adhere to the Treaty __________________ 4 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vols. I–III (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I), NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. II) and NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. III)). 5 A/72/340 (Part II). The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East A/RES/72/67 3/3 17-21759 and, pending the establishment of the zone, to agree to place all their nuclear activities under Agency safeguards, Noting that 183 States have signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty,6 including a number of States in the region, 1. Recalls the conclusions on the Middle East of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,7 and calls for the speedy and full implementation of the commitments contained therein; 2. Stresses that the resolution on the Middle East adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty1 is an essential element of the outcome of the 1995 Conference and of the basis on which the Treaty was indefinitely extended without a vote in 1995; 3. Reiterates that the resolution on the Middle East adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty remains valid until its goals and objectives are achieved; 4. Calls for immediate steps towards the full implementation of that resolution; 5. Reaffirms the importance of Israel’s accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons2 and placement of all its nuclear facilities under comprehensive International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards, in realizing the goal of universal adherence to the Treaty in the Middle East; 6. Calls upon that State to accede to the Treaty without further delay, not to develop, produce, test or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons, to renounce possession of nuclear weapons and to place all its unsafeguarded nuclear facilities under full- scope Agency safeguards as an important confidence-building measure among all States of the region and as a step towards enhancing peace and security; 7. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-third session on the implementation of the present resolution; 8. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-third session the item entitled “The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East”. 62nd plenary meeting 4 December 2017 __________________ 6 See resolution 50/245 and A/50/1027. 7 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I)), part I, Conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions, sect. IV.
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A/RES/72/73
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 5 December 2017 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/72/L.18 and A/72/L.18/Add.1)] 72/73. Oceans and the law of the sea The General Assembly, Recalling its annual resolutions on the law of the sea and on oceans and the law of the sea, including resolution 71/257 of 23 December 2016, as well as other relevant resolutions concerning the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the Convention),1 Recalling also, in this regard, resolution 69/292 of 19 June 2015 on the development of an international legally binding instrument under the Convention on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General,2 the reports on the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole on the Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects (the Regular Process)3 and of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (the Informal Consultative Process) at its eighteenth meeting,4 the report of the twenty-seventh Meeting of States Parties to the Convention5 and the report of the United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development,6 Recognizing the pre-eminent contribution provided by the Convention to the strengthening of peace, security, cooperation and friendly relations among all nations __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, No. 31363. 2 See A/72/70 and A/72/70/Add.1. 3 A/72/89 and A/72/494. 4 A/72/95. 5 SPLOS/316. 6 A/CONF.230/14. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 2/55 in conformity with the principles of justice and equal rights and to the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, as well as to the sustainable development of the oceans and seas, Emphasizing the universal and unified character of the Convention, and reaffirming that the Convention sets out the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out and is of strategic importance as the basis for national, regional and global action and cooperation in the marine sector, and that its integrity needs to be maintained, as recognized also by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in chapter 17 of Agenda 21,7 Noting with satisfaction that, in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, entitled “The future we want”,8 as endorsed by the General Assembly in resolution 66/288 of 27 July 2012, States recognized that oceans, seas and coastal areas form an integrated and essential component of the Earth’s ecosystem and are critical to sustaining it, and that international law, as reflected in the Convention, provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources, and stressed the importance of the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and seas and of their resources for sustainable development, including through their contributions to poverty eradication, sustained economic growth, food security and creation of sustainable livelihoods and decent work, while at the same time protecting biodiversity and the marine environment and addressing the impacts of climate change, Recalling that, in “The future we want”, States underscored that broad public participation and access to information and judicial and administrative proceedings were essential to the promotion of sustainable development and that sustainable development required the meaningful involvement and active participation of regional, national and subnational legislatures and judiciaries, and all major groups, and, in this regard, that they agreed to work more closely with major groups and other stakeholders and encouraged their active participation, as appropriate, in processes that contribute to decision-making, planning and implementation of policies and programmes for sustainable development at all levels, Welcoming the outcome document of the United Nations summit for the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda, held from 25 to 27 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, as adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, and in this regard reaffirming the commitment to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, as reflected in Goal 14 of the outcome document, Recognizing the important contribution of the conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources to the achievement of the sustainable development goals contained in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Recalling its resolution 71/312 of 6 July 2017 in which it endorsed the declaration entitled “Our ocean, our future: call for action” adopted by the high-level United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, held from 5 to 9 June 2017, coinciding with __________________ 7 Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3−14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex II. 8 Resolution 66/288, annex. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 3/55 17-21819 World Oceans Day on 8 June, and in this regard affirming the important role of the declaration in demonstrating the collective will to take action to conserve and sustainably use our oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, Recognizing the important contributions of the partnership dialogues and voluntary commitments made in the context of the high-level United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14 to the effective and timely implementation of Goal 14, Recognizing also the appointment by the Secretary-General of the Special Envoy for the Ocean, Recognizing further paragraphs 64 and 65 of the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, adopted by the Conference, which was held from 13 to 16 July 2015,9 Welcoming the outcomes of the second session of the United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme, especially the resolutions on oceans and seas,10 marine plastic litter and microplastics, 11 sustainable coral reefs management12 and the role, functions and modalities for United Nations Environment Programme implementation of the Samoa Pathway as a means of facilitating achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, 13 Conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole through an integrated, interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach, and reaffirming the need to improve cooperation and coordination at the national, regional and global levels, in accordance with the Convention, to support and supplement the efforts of each State in promoting the implementation and observance of the Convention and the integrated management and sustainable development of the oceans and seas, Reiterating the essential need for cooperation, including through capacity- building and transfer of marine technology, to ensure that all States, especially developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, are able both to implement the Convention and to benefit from the sustainable development of the oceans and seas, as well as to participate fully in global and regional forums and processes dealing with oceans and law of the sea issues, while recognizing the need to also address the particular challenges faced by developing middle-income countries, Emphasizing the need to strengthen the ability of competent international organizations to contribute, at the global, regional, subregional and bilateral levels, through cooperation programmes with Governments, to the development of national capacity in marine science and the sustainable management of the oceans and their resources, Recalling that marine science is important for eradicating poverty, contributing to food security, conserving the world’s marine environment and resources, helping to understand, predict and respond to natural events and promoting the sustainable development of the oceans and seas, by improving knowledge, through sustained __________________ 9 Resolution 69/313, annex. 10 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-first Session, Supplement No. 25 (A/71/25), annex, resolution 2/10. 11 Ibid., resolution 2/11. 12 Ibid., resolution 2/12. 13 Ibid., resolution 2/4. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 4/55 research efforts and the evaluation of monitoring results, and applying such knowledge to management and decision-making, Reiterating its deep concern at the serious adverse impacts on the marine environment and biodiversity, in particular on vulnerable marine ecosystems and their physical and biogenic structure, including coral reefs, cold water habitats, hydrothermal vents and seamounts, of certain human activities, Emphasizing the need for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships, Expressing deep concern at the adverse economic, social and environmental impacts of the physical alteration and destruction of marine habitats that may result from land-based and coastal development activities, in particular those land reclamation activities that are carried out in a manner that has a detrimental impact on the marine environment, Reiterating its serious concern at the current and projected adverse effects of climate change and ocean acidification on the marine environment and marine biodiversity, and emphasizing the urgency of addressing these issues, Noting with concern, in this regard, the findings by the World Meteorological Organization, in its annual Greenhouse gas bulletin, that for the first time, in 2015, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere were 400 parts per million, on average across the year as a whole, Expressing concern that climate change continues to increase the severity and incidence of coral bleaching throughout tropical seas and weakens the ability of reefs to withstand ocean acidification, which could have serious and irreversible negative effects on marine organisms, particularly corals, as well as to withstand other pressures, including overfishing and pollution, Reiterating its deep concern at the vulnerability of the environment and the fragile ecosystems of the polar regions, including the Arctic Ocean and the Arctic ice cap, particularly affected by the projected adverse effects of climate change and ocean acidification, Recognizing the need for a more integrated and ecosystem-based approach to, further study of and the promotion of measures for enhanced cooperation, coordination and collaboration relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction, Recognizing also that the realization of the benefits of the Convention could be enhanced by international cooperation, technical assistance and advanced scientific knowledge, as well as by funding and capacity-building, Recognizing further that hydrographic surveys and nautical charting are critical to the safety of navigation and life at sea, environmental protection, including the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems, and the economics of the global shipping industry, and encouraging further efforts towards electronic charting, which not only provides significantly increased benefits for safe navigation and management of ship movement, but also provides data and information that can be used for sustainable fisheries activities and other sectoral uses of the marine environment, the delimitation of maritime boundaries and environmental protection, and noting that, under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, 14 ships on international voyages are required to carry an electronic chart display and information system, in accordance with the implementation schedule as set out in that Convention, __________________ 14 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1184, No. 18961. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 5/55 17-21819 Recognizing that ocean data buoys deployed and operated in accordance with international law are critical for improving understanding of weather, climate and ecosystems, and that certain types of ocean data buoys contribute to saving lives by detecting tsunamis, and reiterating its serious concern at intentional and unintentional damage to such buoys, Emphasizing that underwater archaeological, cultural and historical heritage, including shipwrecks and watercraft, holds essential information on the history of humankind and that such heritage is a resource that needs to be protected and preserved, Recognizing the duty of States under article 303, paragraph 1, of the Convention to protect objects of an archaeological and historical nature found at sea and to cooperate for this purpose, Expressing concern, in this regard, at various threats posed to such objects, including their destruction as well as the illicit trafficking in such objects, Recognizing that illicit trafficking in wildlife is, in some cases, committed by transnational organized criminal groups using maritime routes, contributes to damage to ecosystems and livelihoods and requires enhanced regional and global cooperation and coordination in response, in accordance with international law, Noting with concern the continuing problem of transnational organized crime committed at sea, including illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the smuggling of migrants, trafficking in persons and illicit trafficking in firearms, and threats to maritime safety and security, including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling and terrorist acts against shipping, offshore installations and other maritime interests, and noting the deplorable loss of life and adverse impact on international trade, energy security and the global economy resulting from such activities, Reiterating the importance of the fair treatment of crew members and its influence on maritime safety, Recognizing that fibre-optic submarine cables transmit most of the world’s data and communications and hence are vitally important to the global economy and the national security of all States, conscious that these cables are susceptible to intentional and accidental damage from shipping and other activities and that the maintenance, including the repair, of these cables is important, noting that these matters have been brought to the attention of States at various workshops and seminars, and conscious of the need for States to adopt national laws and regulations to protect submarine cables and render their wilful damage or damage by culpable negligence punishable offences, Noting the importance of the delineation of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles and that it is in the broader interest of the international community that coastal States with a continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles submit information on the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (the Commission), and welcoming the submissions to the Commission by a considerable number of States Parties to the Convention on the outer limits of their continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, that the Commission has continued to fulfil its role, including of making recommendations to coastal States, and that the summaries of recommendations are being made publicly available, 15 __________________ 15 Available from the web page of the Commission maintained by the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 6/55 Noting also that many coastal States Parties have submitted preliminary information indicative of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, as provided for in the decision of the eighteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention regarding the workload of the Commission and the ability of States, particularly developing States, to fulfil the requirements of article 4 of annex II to the Convention, as well as the decision contained in SPLOS/72, paragraph (a),16 Noting further that some coastal States may continue to face particular challenges in relation to preparing and presenting submissions to the Commission, Noting that financial and technical assistance may be sought by developing countries for activities in relation to preparing and presenting submissions to the Commission, including through the voluntary trust fund established by the General Assembly in its resolution 55/7 of 30 October 2000 for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission for developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, and compliance with article 76 of the Convention, as well as other accessible international assistance, Recognizing the importance of the trust funds established pursuant to resolution 55/7 in facilitating the participation of members of the Commission from developing States in the meetings of the Commission and in fulfilling the requirements of article 4 of annex II to the Convention, noting with appreciation the recent contributions made to them, while observing with concern that the lack of funds in the voluntary trust fund for the purpose of defraying the cost of the participation in its meetings of the members of the Commission from developing States may prevent the Commission from implementing the decision of the twenty-sixth Meeting of States Parties that requested the Commission to meet for up to 26 weeks, and may preclude the Commission from advancing its work as a result of the potential lack of a quorum at the 2018 sessions, and in this regard urging States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to contribute to the trust fund, Reaffirming the importance of the work of the Commission for coastal States and for the international community, Recognizing that practical difficulties can arise when there is a considerable delay between the preparation of submissions and their consideration by the Commission, including in retaining expertise up to and during the consideration of the submissions by the Commission, Recognizing also the significant workload of the Commission in view of the large number of submissions already received and a number of submissions yet to be received, which places additional demands and challenges on its members and the secretariat as provided by the Secretary-General of the United Nations through the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea of the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat (the Division), and welcoming the decision of the twenty-first Meeting of States Parties to the Convention regarding the workload of the Commission, 17 Noting with concern the projected timetable of the work of the Commission on the submissions already received by it and those yet to be received, and in this regard noting the decision of the twenty-sixth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention to renew the request made by the twenty-first Meeting of States Parties to the Convention and to request the Commission to consider, in coordination with the Secretariat, as from 16 June 2017, within the existing resources made available to the Secretariat, that the Commission, and its subcommissions meeting simultaneously as __________________ 16 SPLOS/183. 17 SPLOS/229. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 7/55 17-21819 far as possible, meet at United Nations Headquarters for up to 26 weeks but not less than an intended minimum of 21 weeks a year for a period of five years, distributed in such a way that the Commission determines to be the most effective, and that no two sessions be sequential, and to request the Commission to prepare a plan of sessions to be held in 2017 on the basis of that request,18 Recognizing the need to ensure that the Commission can perform its functions under the Convention expeditiously, efficiently and effectively and maintain its high level of quality and expertise, Expressing concern about the implications of the workload of the Commission for the conditions of service of its members, Recalling, in this regard, the decisions of the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth Meetings of States Parties to the Convention regarding the conditions of service of the members of the Commission,19 Recalling also its decision, in resolutions 57/141 of 12 December 2002 and 58/240 of 23 December 2003, to establish a regular process under the United Nations for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socioeconomic aspects, both current and foreseeable, building on existing regional assessments, as recommended by the World Summit on Sustainable Development, 20 and noting the need for cooperation among all States to this end, Recalling further its decisions, in resolution 65/37 A of 7 December 2010, resolution 66/231 of 24 December 2011, resolution 70/235 of 23 December 2015 and resolution 71/257 regarding the Regular Process, as established under the United Nations and accountable to the General Assembly, Recalling that the Division was designated to provide secretariat support to the Regular Process, including its established institutions, Recalling also the cross-cutting role of ocean science in Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and taking note that, at its twenty-ninth session, the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization endorsed the proposal for an international decade of ocean science for sustainable development, to be established for the period 2021–2030, Recognizing the importance and the contribution of the work of the Informal Consultative Process established by the General Assembly in its resolution 54/33 of 24 November 1999 to facilitate the annual review of developments in ocean affairs by the Assembly, Noting the continuously growing responsibilities of the Secretary-General under the Convention and related resolutions of the General Assembly, in particular resolutions 49/28 of 6 December 1994, 52/26 of 26 November 1997, 54/33, 65/37 A, 65/37 B of 4 April 2011, 66/231, 67/78 of 11 December 2012, 68/70 of 9 December 2013, 69/245 of 29 December 2014, 69/292, 70/235 and 71/257 and in this context the unprecedented substantial increase in activities of the Division, in particular in view of the growing number of requests to the Division for additional outputs and servicing of meetings, the provision of technical assistance and capacity-building, the need for enhanced support and assistance to the Commission and the role of the Division in carrying out the functions in resolution 69/292, as the secretariat of the __________________ 18 See SPLOS/303. 19 SPLOS/286 and SPLOS/303. 20 See Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 8/55 Regular Process, in relation to the functions as focal point for UN-Oceans and in relation to support for the implementation by Member States of the oceans-related Sustainable Development Goals in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Reaffirming the importance of the work of the International Seabed Authority (the Authority) in accordance with the Convention and the Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 (the Part XI Agreement),21 Reaffirming also the importance of the work of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (the Tribunal) in accordance with the Convention, I Implementation of the Convention and related agreements and instruments 1. Reaffirms its annual resolutions on the law of the sea and on oceans and the law of the sea, including resolution 71/257, and other relevant resolutions concerning the Convention;1 2. Also reaffirms the unified character of the Convention and the vital importance of preserving its integrity; 3. Calls upon all States that have not done so, in order to fully achieve the goal of universal participation, to become parties to the Convention and the Part XI Agreement;21 4. Calls upon States that have not done so, in order to achieve the goal of universal participation, to become parties to the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (the Fish Stocks Agreement); 22 5. Calls upon States to harmonize their national legislation with the provisions of the Convention and, where applicable, relevant agreements and instruments, to ensure the consistent application of those provisions and to ensure also that any declarations or statements that they have made or make when signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention do not purport to exclude or to modify the legal effect of the provisions of the Convention in their application to the State concerned and to withdraw any such declarations or statements; 6. Calls upon States Parties to the Convention that have not yet done so to deposit with the Secretary-General charts or lists of geographical coordinates, as provided for in the Convention, preferably using the generally accepted and most recent geodetic datums; 7. Notes, in this regard, the ongoing efforts of the Secretary-General to improve the existing geographic information system for the deposit by States of charts and geographical coordinates concerning maritime zones, including lines of delimitation, submitted pursuant to the Convention, and to give due publicity thereto, as requested in paragraph 6 of resolution 59/24 of 17 November 2004, as well as the ongoing cooperation with the International Hydrographic Organization to develop the technical standards for the collection, storage and dissemination of the information deposited, in order to ensure compatibility among geographic information systems, electronic nautical charts and other systems, and re-emphasizes the importance of the prompt completion of these efforts; __________________ 21 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1836, No. 31364. 22 Ibid., vol. 2167, No. 37924. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 9/55 17-21819 8. Urges all States to cooperate, directly or through competent international bodies, in taking measures to protect and preserve objects of an archaeological and historical nature found at sea, in conformity with the Convention, and calls upon States to work together on such diverse challenges and opportunities as the appropriate relationship between salvage law and scientific management and conservation of underwater cultural heritage, increasing technological abilities to discover and reach underwater sites, looting and growing underwater tourism; 9. Acknowledges the recent deposit of instruments of ratification and acceptance of the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage,23 calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to that Convention, and notes in particular the rules annexed to that Convention, which address the relationship between salvage law and scientific principles of management, conservation and protection of underwater cultural heritage among Parties, their nationals and vessels flying their flag; II Capacity-building 10. Emphasizes that capacity-building is essential to ensure that States, especially developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, are able to fully implement the Convention, benefit from the sustainable development of the oceans and seas and participate fully in global and regional forums on ocean affairs and the law of the sea; 11. Also emphasizes the need to address the particular challenges faced by developing middle-income countries through capacity-building; 12. Recalls, in this regard, that, in “The future we want”,8 States recognized the importance of building the capacity of developing countries to be able to benefit from the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and seas and their resources, and in this regard emphasized the need for cooperation in marine scientific research to implement the provisions of the Convention and the outcomes of the major summits on sustainable development, as well as for the transfer of technology, taking into account the Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology adopted by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its twenty-second session, in 2003; 13. Emphasizes the need for international cooperation for capacity-building, including cross-sectoral cooperation, at national, regional and global levels, to address, in particular, gaps in capacity-building in ocean affairs and the law of the sea, including marine science; 14. Calls for capacity-building initiatives to take into account the needs of developing countries, and calls upon States, international organizations and donor agencies to make efforts to ensure the sustainability of such initiatives; 15. Calls upon donor agencies and international financial institutions to keep their programmes systematically under review to ensure the availability in all States, particularly in developing States, of the economic, legal, navigational, scientific and technical skills necessary for the full implementation of the Convention and the objectives of the present resolution, as well as the sustainable development of the oceans and seas nationally, regionally and globally, and in so doing to bear in mind the interests and needs of landlocked developing States; __________________ 23 Ibid., vol. 2562, No. 45694. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 10/55 16. Encourages intensified efforts to build capacity for developing countries, in particular for the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, to improve aids to navigation and search and rescue services, hydrographic services and the production of nautical charts, including electronic charts, as well as the mobilization of resources and building of capacity with support from international financial institutions and the donor community; 17. Calls upon States and international institutions, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes, technical partnerships and fellowships, to continue to support and strengthen capacity-building activities, in particular in developing countries, in the field of marine scientific research by, inter alia, training personnel to develop and enhance relevant expertise, providing the necessary equipment, facilities and vessels and transferring environmentally sound technologies; 18. Also calls upon States and international institutions, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes, technical partnerships and fellowships, to support and strengthen capacity-building activities in developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, to develop their maritime administration and appropriate legal frameworks to establish or enhance the necessary infrastructure, legislative and enforcement capabilities to promote effective compliance with and implementation and enforcement of their responsibilities under international law; 19. Further calls upon States and international institutions, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes, technical partnerships and fellowships, to develop and strengthen capacity-building activities in and to transfer to developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, on mutually agreed terms, and taking into account the Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, environmentally sound technologies to study and minimize the impacts of ocean acidification; 20. Notes the international scientific cooperation within the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network and its efforts in building scientific capacity for ocean acidification monitoring, research and experimentation, including through the Pier2Peer scientific mentorship programme; 21. Emphasizes the need to focus on strengthening South-South cooperation as an additional way to build capacity and as a cooperative mechanism to further enable countries to set their own priorities and needs and to foster actions to implement such cooperation; 22. Recognizes with appreciation the important contribution to capacity- building in the field of the law of the sea by the Rhodes Academy of Oceans Law and Policy, a cooperative undertaking by the Center for Oceans Law and Policy of the University of Virginia School of Law, the Aegean Institute of the Law of the Sea and Maritime Law, the Law of the Sea Institute of Iceland, the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, the Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea of Utrecht University and the Centre for International Law of the National University of Singapore that offers a prominent three-week summer course annually in Rhodes, Greece, and has graduated 900 students from more than 120 countries; 23. Also recognizes with appreciation the important contribution to capacity- building in the field of the law of the sea by the Summer Academy of the International Foundation for the Law of the Sea at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea; 24. Further recognizes with appreciation the important contribution of the Korea Maritime Institute to the trust fund to support the internship programmes at the Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 11/55 17-21819 Tribunal since 2011 and its continued efforts to provide education and training for capacity-building of developing countries through the Yeosu Academy of the Law of the Sea programme; 25. Notes the holding of three sessions of the Summer Academy on the Continental Shelf in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in the Faroe Islands, organized by the University of the Faroe Islands; 26. Recognizes the importance of the work of the Malta-based International Maritime Law Institute of the International Maritime Organization, as a centre of education and training of specialists in maritime law, including government legal advisers and other high-level officials, mainly from developing States, confirms its effective capacity-building role in the field of international maritime law, shipping law and marine environmental law, and urges States, intergovernmental organizations and financial institutions to make voluntary financial contributions to the budget of the Institute which runs annually; 27. Also recognizes the importance of the World Maritime University of the International Maritime Organization as a centre of excellence for maritime education and research, confirms its effective capacity-building role in the field of maritime transportation, policy, administration, management, safety, security and environmental protection, as well as its role in the international exchange and transfer of knowledge, and urges States, intergovernmental organizations and other bodies to make voluntary financial contributions to the University’s newly established Endowment Fund; 28. Welcomes ongoing activities for capacity-building so as to address maritime security and protection of the marine environment of developing States, and encourages States and international financial institutions to provide additional funding for capacity-building programmes, including for transfer of technology, including through the International Maritime Organization and other competent international organizations; 29. Recognizes the ongoing activities of the secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity in coordinating capacity-building efforts to support developing States in achieving the Aichi Biodiversity Targets in marine and coastal areas, in particular through the Sustainable Ocean Initiative; 24 30. Also recognizes the considerable need to provide sustained capacity- building assistance, including on financial and technical aspects, by relevant international organizations and donors to developing States, with a view to further strengthening their capacity to take effective measures against the multiple facets of international criminal activities at sea, in line with the relevant international instruments, including the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto;25 31. Further recognizes the need to build the capacity of developing States to raise awareness of and support the implementation of improved waste management practices, noting the particular vulnerability of small island developing States to the impact of marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities and marine debris and nutrient pollution;26 __________________ 24 See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/12/29, sect. I, and Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity decision XII/23, paras. 19–22. 25 United Nations, Treaty Series, vols. 2225, 2237, 2241 and 2326, No. 39574. 26 See 2012 Guidelines for the Development of a Regional Reception Facilities Plan, International Maritime Organization, resolution MEPC.221(63). A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 12/55 32. Recognizes the importance of assisting developing States, in particular the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, in implementing the Convention, urges States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons, to make voluntary financial or other contributions to the trust funds, as referred to in resolutions 55/7, 57/141 and 64/71 of 4 December 2009, established for this purpose, and expresses its appreciation to those that have contributed; 27 33. Acknowledges the importance of capacity-building for developing States, in particular the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, for the protection of the marine environment and the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources; 34. Recognizes that promoting the voluntary transfer of technology is an essential aspect of building capacity in marine science; 35. Encourages States to use the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, and recalls the important role of the secretariat of that Commission in the implementation and promotion of the Criteria and Guidelines; 36. Also encourages States to consider additional opportunities for capacity- building at the regional level; 37. Welcomes the efforts of the Tribunal in holding regional workshops; 38. Notes with satisfaction the publication of the first edition of the Global Ocean Science Report by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; 39. Notes with appreciation the adoption by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the new Capacity Development Strategy (2015–2021), which takes into account that capacity development is a fundamental tenet of the mission of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; 40. Expresses its appreciation for the contribution of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission to capacity-building through its Ocean Teacher Academy training system, which has provided training in ocean data and information management, and notes the setting up of the Ocean Teacher Global Academy, operating through a network of regional training centres, which builds capacity and promotes expertise available in developing countries; 41. Welcomes the establishment by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission at its twenty-ninth session of the Group of Experts on Capacity Development; 42. Also welcomes the role of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, within its mandate, reiterated by member States at its fourteenth session, held in Nairobi from 17 to 22 July 2016, to continue to assist developing countries, upon request, in enhancing the sustainability and climate resilience of their transport systems and infrastructure, including coastal transport infrastructure; 43. Notes with satisfaction the efforts of the Division to compile information on capacity-building initiatives, requests the Secretary-General to continue to regularly update such information provided by States, international organizations and donor agencies and include it in his annual report to the General Assembly, invites States, international organizations and donor agencies to submit such information to __________________ 27 See A/70/74/Add.1, para. 137. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 13/55 17-21819 the Secretary-General for this purpose, and requests the Division to post the information on capacity-building initiatives from the annual report of the Secretary- General on the website of the Division in an easily accessible manner so as to facilitate the matching of capacity-building needs with opportunities; 44. Calls upon States to continue to assist developing States, and especially the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, at the bilateral and, where appropriate, multilateral levels, in the preparation of submissions to the Commission regarding the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, including the assessment of the nature and extent of the continental shelf of a coastal State, and recalls that coastal States can make requests to the Commission for scientific and technical advice in the preparation of data for their submissions, in accordance with article 3 of annex II to the Convention; 45. Recognizes the importance of the trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission for developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, and compliance with article 76 of the Convention, and of providing assistance to developing States to meet the travel and daily subsistence allowance costs associated with meeting with the Commission when their submissions are being examined and upon the invitation of the Commission, in accordance with paragraph 31 of the terms of reference, guidelines and rules of the trust fund;28 46. Calls upon the Division to continue to disseminate information on relevant procedures related to the trust fund established for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission and to continue its dialogue with potential beneficiaries with a view to providing financial support to developing countries for activities to facilitate their submissions in accordance with the requirements of article 76 of the Convention and with the Rules of Procedure29 and the Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission 30 and to defray the costs of travel and daily subsistence allowance for delegates to participate in meetings with the Commission upon its invitation; 47. Requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with States and relevant international organizations and institutions, to continue to support training and other activities to assist developing States in the preparation and presentation of their submissions to the Commission; 48. Recognizes with appreciation the contribution of the Division to capacity- building activities at the national and regional levels, in particular the work of the Division in promoting wider appreciation of the Convention and in assisting with its implementation, through the provision of information, advice and assistance to States and intergovernmental organizations, and recognizes in particular the continued delivery of a programme of assistance to the Government of Somalia under a project funded by the Trust Fund to Support Initiatives of States Countering Piracy off the Coast of Somalia, including two strategic fellowships, as well as the Division’s support for Member State implementation of the relevant parts of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development;31 49. Notes the partnership between the Division and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission on a training programme on marine scientific research __________________ 28 Resolution 55/7, annex II, resolution 58/240, annex, and resolution 70/235, annex. 29 CLCS/40/Rev.1. 30 CLCS/11, CLCS/11/Corr.1, CLCS/11/Add.1 and CLCS/11/Add.1/Corr.1. 31 Resolution 70/1. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 14/55 under the Convention, and encourages States, relevant international organizations and other donors to consider supporting the initiative; 50. Invites States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to support the capacity-building activities of the Division, including by making earmarked voluntary contributions to the trust fund established by the Secretary- General for the Office of Legal Affairs to support the promotion of international law, and expresses its appreciation to those that have contributed; 51. Recognizes with appreciation the important contribution to the capacity- building of developing countries and the promotion of the law of the sea made by the Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the Sea, which was established by the General Assembly in 1981 in honour of the first President of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea and which, relying on its network of 17 host institutions, has awarded to date 31 fellowships to individuals from 26 Member States, and recalls in this regard the provisions of its resolutions on the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law;32 52. Expresses its appreciation to States that have made contributions to the voluntary trust fund for the Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the Sea, notes that there are insufficient funds available to grant a regular award for placement of a fellow in the Division in 2019, expresses its commitment to further promote the importance of the Fellowship, and urges States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make voluntary financial contributions in support of the Fellowship so that a regular award may be granted for 2019 and beyond; 53. Recognizes with appreciation the important contribution of the United Nations-Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship Programme, which has awarded 142 fellowships to individuals from 76 Member States since 2004, to human resources development for developing Member States in the field of ocean affairs and the law of the sea and related disciplines, as well as the fostering of global interlinkages and continuing capacity development through the alumni programme, which held an Alumni Meeting in 2017 in New York in conjunction with the high-level United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, and also recognizes with appreciation the provision of a fellowship under the Strategic Award of the United Nations-Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship Programme in 2017; 54. Encourages competent international organizations, the United Nations Development Programme and international financial institutions and funds to consider expanding their programmes within their respective fields of competence for assistance to developing countries and to coordinate their efforts, and recognizes the funding available from the Global Environment Facility, as well as other funds allocated for projects relating to oceans; __________________ 32 Resolutions 69/117, para. 8, 70/116, para. 4, 71/139, para. 7, and 72/115, paras. 7 and 8. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 15/55 17-21819 III Meeting of States Parties 55. Welcomes the report of the twenty-seventh Meeting of States Parties to the Convention;5 56. Requests the Secretary-General to convene the twenty-eighth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention from 11 to 14 June 2018, with full conference services, including documentation, as required; IV Peaceful settlement of disputes 57. Notes with satisfaction the continued and significant contribution of the Tribunal to the settlement of disputes by peaceful means in accordance with Part XV of the Convention, and underlines the important role and authority of the Tribunal concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention and the Part XI Agreement; 58. Pays tribute to the important and long-standing role of the International Court of Justice with regard to the peaceful settlement of disputes concerning the law of the sea; 59. Notes that States parties to an international agreement relating to the purposes of the Convention may submit to, inter alia, the Tribunal or the International Court of Justice any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of that agreement submitted in accordance with that agreement, and also notes the possibility, provided for in the Statutes of the Tribunal and the Court, to submit disputes to a chamber; 60. Encourages States Parties to the Convention that have not yet done so to consider making a written declaration, choosing from the means set out in article 287 of the Convention for the settlement of disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention and the Part XI Agreement, bearing in mind the comprehensive character of the dispute settlement mechanism provided for in Part XV of the Convention; V The Area 61. Reiterates the importance of the ongoing elaboration and standardization by the Authority, pursuant to article 145 of the Convention, of rules, regulations and procedures to ensure the effective protection of the marine environment, for, inter alia, the protection and conservation of the natural resources of the Area and for the prevention of damage to the flora and fauna of the marine environment from harmful effects that may arise from activities in the Area; 62. Notes that, as at 10 August 2017, the Authority had approved 29 plans of work for exploration for marine mineral resources in the Area; 63. Notes with appreciation the decision taken by the Council of the Authority at its twenty-third session, to approve an application for extension of an approved plan of work for exploration for polymetallic nodules, pursuant to section 1, paragraph 9, of the annex to the Part XI Agreement;33 64. Welcomes the progress of the work of the Authority on draft regulations for exploitation of mineral resources in the Area, takes note of the development of a __________________ 33 See ISBA/23/C/15. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 16/55 road map for adoption and approval of such regulations, and encourages the Authority to continue its work on the draft regulations as a matter of priority and to provide sufficient opportunities and time for substantive consideration and discussion of successive drafts; 65. Notes that all States Parties to the Convention and other stakeholders are invited to provide input on the draft regulations by 17 November 2017, and no later than 31 December 2017;34 66. Recalls the relevance of the advisory opinion on the responsibilities and obligations of States sponsoring persons and entities with respect to activities in the Area, issued by the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the Tribunal on 1 February 2011;35 67. Recognizes the importance of the responsibilities entrusted to the Authority by articles 143 and 145 of the Convention, which refer to marine scientific research and protection of the marine environment in the Area, respectively; 68. Welcomes the decision of the Assembly, at the twenty-third session of the Authority, in approving the final report on the first periodic review of the international regime of the Area pursuant to article 154 of the Convention;36 69. Also welcomes the decision of the Assembly, in the context of the first periodic review of the international regime of the Area pursuant to article 154 of the Convention, to request the Secretary-General of the Authority, in view of the importance of a long-term plan defining the strategic direction and aims of the Authority, to submit a draft strategic plan to the Assembly for consideration at its twenty-fourth session, in 2018, and to regularly inform member States on progress with respect to this plan;36 70. Encourages the Authority to continue its work towards the standardization of marine bathymetric information collected in the Area, in cooperation with relevant international organizations, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the International Hydrographic Organization, particularly under the Seabed 2030 project;37 71. Notes that a workshop dedicated to the review of the status of implementation of the environmental management plan for the Clarion-Clipperton Zone will be held during the first half of 2018, and encourages the Authority to make progress on the development of environmental management plans in other specific areas in the Area, in particular where there are currently exploration contracts, recalling paragraph 60 of resolution 70/235; 72. Expresses its appreciation to States that have made contributions to the voluntary trust fund established pursuant to the decision of the Authority at its eighth session38 for the purpose of defraying the cost of participation of the members of the Legal and Technical Commission from developing countries and the members of the Finance Committee from developing countries in the meetings of the Commission and of the Committee, and to States that have made contributions to the endowment fund for marine scientific research in the Area established by the Authority at its twelfth session,39 for the purpose of promoting and encouraging the conduct of collaborative marine scientific research in the Area, and encourages States to make additional contributions to these funds; __________________ 34 See ISBA/23/C/12. 35 See ISBA/17/A/9. 36 See ISBA/23/A/13. 37 See ISBA/23/A/2. 38 ISBA/8/A/11. 39 ISBA/12/A/11. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 17/55 17-21819 VI Effective functioning of the Authority and the Tribunal 73. Commends the progress in the work of the Authority; 74. Also commends the work of the Tribunal since its establishment; 75. Appeals to all States Parties to the Convention to pay their assessed contributions to the Tribunal in full and on time, and also appeals to States Parties in arrears with their contributions to fulfil their obligations without delay; 76. Expresses serious concern about the number of States Parties to the Convention in arrears with their assessed contributions to the Authority, appeals to all States Parties to the Convention to pay their assessed contributions to the Authority in full and on time, and urges them to fulfil their obligations without delay, in particular those States whose exercise of voting rights has been suspended by virtue of article 184 of the Convention, and invites the Secretary-General of the Authority to continue his efforts to recover arrears, including bilateral efforts; 77. Expresses concern about the low attendance at the annual sessions of the Assembly of the Authority, notes that the Assembly has endorsed the revised schedule of meetings for 2018 and 2019, including two meetings of the Council of the Authority to be held in March and July 2018, respectively, welcomes the decision of the Assembly to request the Secretary-General of the Authority to establish a voluntary trust fund for the purpose of defraying the cost of participation of members of the Council from developing States in its second annual meeting, and encourages member States, observers and other stakeholders to contribute financially to the voluntary trust fund;36 78. Recognizes the ongoing efforts of the Authority to organize sensitization seminars to promote awareness of its work, and notes in this regard the holding of the workshop entitled “Marine mineral resources of Africa’s continental shelf and adjacent international seabed area: prospects for the sustainable development of Africa’s maritime domain, in support of Africa’s blue economy”, in Kampala from 2 to 4 May 2017, and calls upon other States and regions to consider inviting the Authority to organize such seminars in order to promote wider participation by the international community in the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources in the Area; 79. Calls upon States that have not done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the Tribunal 40 and to the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the Authority; 41 80. Emphasizes the importance of the rules and staff regulations of the Tribunal in promoting the recruitment of a geographically representative staff in the Professional and higher categories, and welcomes the actions taken by the Tribunal in observance of those rules and regulations; 81. Calls upon coastal States that have not yet done so to deposit a copy of charts or lists of geographical coordinates showing the outer limit lines of the continental shelf with the Secretary-General of the Authority, as provided for in article 84, paragraph 2, of the Convention; __________________ 40 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2167, No. 37925. 41 Ibid., vol. 2214, No. 39357. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 18/55 VII The continental shelf and the work of the Commission 82. Recalls that, in accordance with article 76, paragraph 8, of the Convention, information on the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured shall be submitted by the coastal State to the Commission set up under annex II to the Convention on the basis of equitable geographical representation, that the Commission shall make recommendations to coastal States on matters related to the establishment of the outer limits of their continental shelf, and that the limits of the shelf established by a coastal State on the basis of these recommendations shall be final and binding; 83. Also recalls that, in accordance with article 77, paragraph 3, of the Convention, the rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf do not depend on occupation, effective or notional, or on any express proclamation; 84. Notes with satisfaction that a considerable number of States Parties to the Convention have submitted information to the Commission regarding the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, in conformity with article 76 of the Convention and article 4 of annex II to the Convention, taking into account the decision of the eleventh Meeting of States Parties to the Convention contained in SPLOS/72, paragraph (a); 85. Also notes with satisfaction that a considerable number of States Parties to the Convention have submitted to the Secretary-General, pursuant to the decision of the eighteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention, 42 preliminary information indicative of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles and a description of the status of preparation and intended date of submission in accordance with the requirements of article 76 of the Convention and with the Rules of Procedure and the Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission, and notes with satisfaction that additional submissions referred to in preliminary information have been filed with the Commission; 86. Further notes with satisfaction the progress in the work of the Commission43 and that it is giving current consideration to a number of submissions that have been made regarding the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles; 87. Takes note of the 29 recommendations made by the Commission on the submissions of a number of coastal States, and welcomes the fact that summaries of recommendations are being made publicly available in accordance with paragraph 11.3 of annex III to the Rules of Procedure of the Commission; 88. Notes that the consideration by the Commission of submissions by coastal States in accordance with article 76 of and annex II to the Convention is without prejudice to the application of other parts of the Convention by States Parties; 89. Also notes the considerable number of submissions yet to be considered by the Commission and the demands that this places on its members and the secretariat as provided by the Division, and emphasizes the need to ensure that the Commission can perform its functions expeditiously, efficiently and effectively and maintain its high level of quality and expertise; 90. Takes note with appreciation of the decision of the Commission at its forty-fourth session to continue to extend the duration of its sessions for 2018 to three __________________ 42 See SPLOS/183. 43 See CLCS/98, CLCS/100 and CLCS/101. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 19/55 17-21819 sessions of seven weeks each, including plenary meetings, 44 and further notes the decision of the Commission to establish new subcommissions so that nine subcommissions would actively consider submissions;45 91. Notes that the Meeting of States Parties to the Convention, in its decisions regarding the conditions of service of the members of the Commission,46 reaffirmed the obligation of States under the Convention whose experts were serving on the Commission to defray the expenses of the experts they had nominated while the experts are in performance of Commission duties, including the provision of medical coverage, and urged those States to do their utmost to ensure the full participation of those experts in the work of the Commission, including the meetings of subcommissions, in accordance with the Convention; 92. Also notes the decision of the twenty-seventh Meeting of States Parties to the Convention to continue the consideration of the conditions of service of the members of the Commission within the open-ended working group established by the twenty-third Meeting of States Parties to the Convention;5 93. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take appropriate measures, within overall existing resource levels, to further strengthen the capacity of the Division, serving as the secretariat of the Commission, in order to ensure enhanced support and assistance to the Commission and its subcommissions in their consideration of submissions, as required by paragraph 9 of annex III to the Rules of Procedure of the Commission, in particular its human resources, taking into account the need for simultaneous work on several submissions; 94. Urges the Secretary-General to continue to provide all necessary secretariat services to the Commission in accordance with article 2, paragraph 5, of annex II to the Convention; 95. Requests the Secretary-General to take appropriate and timely measures to ensure secretariat services for the Commission and its subcommissions for the extended duration of time requested in the decisions of the twenty-first17 and twenty- sixth18 Meetings of States Parties to the Convention; 96. Also requests the Secretary-General, consequently, to continue to allocate appropriate and sufficient resources to the Division to provide adequate services and assistance to the Commission in view of the number of its working weeks; 97. Expresses its appreciation to States that have made contributions to the voluntary trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission, 28 and encourages States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make additional contributions to this fund; 98. Also expresses its appreciation to States that have made contributions to the voluntary trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 for the purpose of defraying the cost of participation of the members of the Commission from developing States in the meetings of the Commission,28 expresses its serious concern at the critical lack of funds in this trust fund, urges States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make additional contributions to it, and authorizes the use, as appropriate, of the trust fund, and in accordance with the purpose of its terms of reference, to defray the cost of the participation of the Chair __________________ 44 See CLCS/100. 45 See CLCS/80, CLCS/80/Corr.1, CLCS/83 and CLCS/83/Corr.1. 46 SPLOS/276 and SPLOS/286. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 20/55 of the Commission, when nominated by a developing country, in the Meetings of States Parties to the Convention; 99. Authorizes the Secretary-General, as an interim measure and subject to the availability of funds in the trust fund referred to in paragraph 98 above, following the allocation of the required funds to cover the costs of travel and daily subsistence allowance of the members of the Commission from developing States for the sessions of the Commission in 2018, to reimburse those members for the costs of medical travel insurance from that trust fund on a session-by-session basis and subject to a reasonable limit that the Secretary-General shall determine, based on the information regarding medical travel insurance available to him; 100. Takes note of the written information, provided by the Secretary-General in response to the request in paragraph 81 of resolution 69/245, on options for mechanisms to provide medical insurance coverage to members of the Commission, including costs, and the information provided by the Secretariat during the twenty- seventh Meeting of States Parties to the Convention, and expresses its intention to continue to consider these and other options and, if necessary, to further review the terms of reference for the trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 for the purpose of facilitating the participation of members of the Commission from developing States in the meetings of the Commission; 101. Emphasizes the continued need for members of the Commission to have suitable working space for their work at the sessions of the Commission and its subcommissions, recognizes, with regard to the long-term accommodation discussions, that, owing to its exceptional character, the Commission has special requirements for its working space, including the need for fit-for-purpose working space, adequate technical equipment and climate control, and needs to remain located within the same premises as the Division, and emphasizes that, in the context of any relocation of the Division or any change in its working space, full regard will be paid to these special requirements of the Commission; 102. Approves the convening by the Secretary-General of the forty-sixth, forty- seventh and forty-eighth sessions of the Commission, in New York, from 29 January to 16 March 2018, from 16 July to 31 August 2018 and from 15 October to 30 November 2018, respectively, with full conference services, including documentation, for the plenary parts of these sessions, 47 as well as any resumed sessions as may be required by the Commission, and requests the Secretary-General to make every effort to meet these requirements within overall existing resources; 103. Welcomes the convening of a half-day open meeting of the Commission on 10 March 2017, during its forty-third session, to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of its establishment;48 104. Expresses its firm conviction about the importance of the work of the Commission, carried out in accordance with the Convention as well as in accordance with its Rules of Procedure, including with respect to the participation of coastal States in relevant proceedings concerning their submissions, and recognizes the continued need for active interaction between coastal States and the Commission; 105. Expresses its appreciation to States that have exchanged views in order to increase understanding of issues, including expenditures involved, arising from the application of article 76 of the Convention, thus facilitating the preparation of __________________ 47 From 5 to 9 February and from 5 to 9 March 2018 during the forty-sixth session, and from 6 to 10 August and from 27 to 31 August 2018 during the forty-seventh session. 48 See CLCS/98. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 21/55 17-21819 submissions by States, in particular developing States, to the Commission, and encourages States to continue to exchange views; 106. Requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with Member States, to continue to support workshops or symposiums on scientific and technical aspects of the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, taking into account the need to strengthen capacity-building for developing countries in preparing their submissions; VIII Maritime safety and security and flag State implementation 107. Encourages States to ratify or accede to international agreements addressing the safety and security of navigation, as well as maritime labour, and to adopt the necessary measures consistent with the Convention and other relevant international instruments aimed at implementing and enforcing the rules contained in those agreements, and emphasizes the need for capacity-building for and assistance to developing States; 108. Recognizes that the legal regimes governing maritime safety and maritime security may have common and mutually reinforcing objectives that may be interrelated and could benefit from synergies, and encourages States to take this into account in their implementation; 109. Emphasizes the need for further efforts to promote a culture of safety and security in the shipping industry and to address the shortage of adequately trained personnel, and urges the establishment of more centres to provide the required education and training; 110. Also emphasizes that safety and security measures should be implemented in support of and with minimal negative effects on seafarers and fishers, especially in relation to their working conditions, and welcomes the ongoing cooperation between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Labour Organization in relation to decent work and employment in fisheries and aquaculture and on child labour in fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the work that has been conducted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the International Labour Organization on the issue of trafficking in persons and forced labour on fishing vessels; 111. Welcomes the consideration by the International Maritime Organization of the fair treatment of seafarers, and recalls the adoption by the Organization on 4 December 2013 of resolution A.1090(28) on the fair treatment of crew members in respect of shore leave and access to shore-side facilities; 112. Notes the theme for the 2017 World Maritime Day, “Connecting ships, ports and people”; 113. Invites States that have not yet done so to become parties to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978,49 as amended, and the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel, 1995; 114. Acknowledges the entry into force of the Work in Fishing Convention, 2007 (No. 188), the Seafarers’ Identity Documents Convention (Revised), 2003 (No. 185)50 and the Protocol to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) of the International Labour Organization, encourages States that have not yet done so to __________________ 49 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1361, No. 23001. 50 Ibid., vol. 2304, No. 41069. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 22/55 consider becoming parties to them as well as to the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, as amended, calls upon States to effectively implement their obligations under those instruments, and emphasizes the need to provide to States, at their request, technical cooperation and assistance in this regard; 115. Invites States to ratify or accede to the Cape Town Agreement of 2012 on the Implementation of the Provisions of the Torremolinos Protocol of 1993 relating to the Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels, 1977; 116. Welcomes ongoing cooperation between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Maritime Organization and the International Labour Organization relating to the safety of fishers and fishing vessels, and underlines the urgent need for continued work in that area; 117. Notes the adoption by the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization of resolution A.1078(28) of 4 December 2013 which revised the International Maritime Organization ship identification number scheme to allow its voluntary application to seagoing ships of 100 gross tonnage and above, including fishing vessels; 118. Recalls that all actions taken to combat threats to maritime security must be in accordance with international law, including the principles embodied in the Charter of the United Nations and the Convention; 119. Recognizes the crucial role of international cooperation at the global, regional, subregional and bilateral levels in combating, in accordance with international law, threats to maritime security, including piracy, armed robbery against ships at sea and terrorist acts against shipping, offshore installations and other maritime interests, through bilateral and multilateral instruments and mechanisms aimed at monitoring, preventing and responding to such threats, the enhanced sharing of information among States relevant to the detection, prevention and suppression of such threats, and the prosecution of offenders with due regard to national legislation, and the need for sustained capacity-building to support such objectives, and in this regard welcomes the Work Plan for Maritime Security 2015–2017, which was reaffirmed at the twenty-fourth Regional Forum of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, held in Manila on 7 August 2017; 120. Welcomes the adoption by the African Union Extraordinary Summit of Heads of State and Government on Maritime Security and Safety and Development in Africa of the Charter on Maritime Security and Safety and Development in Africa; 121. Acknowledges the work of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice in promoting international cooperation and strengthening capacity to combat the problem of transnational organized crime committed at sea; 122. Notes with concern that piracy and armed robbery at sea affect a wide range of vessels engaged in maritime activities, and expresses grave concern at the threats posed by piracy and armed robbery at sea to the safety and welfare of seafarers and other persons; 123. Emphasizes the importance of promptly reporting incidents to enable accurate information on the scope of the problem of piracy and armed robbery against ships at sea and, in the case of armed robbery against ships at sea, by affected vessels to the coastal State, underlines the importance of effective information-sharing with States potentially affected by incidents of piracy and armed robbery against ships at sea, notes with appreciation the important role of the International Maritime Organization and the important contribution of the Information Sharing Centre of the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia, based in Singapore, which aspires to be recognized as a centre of Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 23/55 17-21819 excellence within its purpose and mandate, and notes also the Maritime Domain Awareness for Trade – Gulf of Guinea mechanism and the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations covering the high-risk area; 124. Urges all States, in cooperation with the International Maritime Organization, to actively combat piracy and armed robbery at sea by adopting measures, including those relating to assistance with capacity-building through training of seafarers, port staff and enforcement personnel in the prevention, reporting and investigation of incidents, by bringing the alleged perpetrators to justice, in accordance with international law, and by adopting national legislation, as well as by providing enforcement vessels and equipment and guarding against fraudulent ship registration; 125. Encourages States to ensure effective implementation of international law applicable to combating piracy, as reflected in the Convention, calls upon States to take appropriate steps under their national law to facilitate, in accordance with international law, the apprehension and prosecution of those who are alleged to have committed acts of piracy, including the financing or facilitation of such acts, also taking into account other relevant instruments that are consistent with the Convention, and encourages States to cooperate, as appropriate, with a view to developing their national legislation in this regard; 126. Invites all States, the International Maritime Organization, the International Labour Organization and other relevant international organizations and agencies to adopt or recommend, as appropriate, measures to protect the interest and welfare of seafarers and fishers who are victims of pirates, after their release from captivity, including their post-incident care and reintegration into society; 127. Notes the ongoing cooperation between the International Maritime Organization, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the Division with respect to the compilation of national legislation on piracy, also notes that copies of national legislation received by the Secretariat have been placed on the website of the Division, and encourages the aforementioned bodies to further cooperate with the view to assisting Member States, upon request, in developing their national laws on piracy; 128. Recognizes continued national, bilateral and trilateral initiatives, as well as regional cooperative mechanisms, in accordance with international law, to address piracy, including the financing or facilitation of acts of piracy, and armed robbery at sea, and calls upon States to give immediate attention to adopting, concluding and implementing cooperation agreements at the regional level on combating piracy and armed robbery against ships; 129. Expresses serious concern at the inhuman conditions hostages taken at sea face in captivity and also the adverse impact on their families, calls for the immediate release of all hostages taken at sea, and stresses the importance of cooperation among Member States on the issue of hostage-taking at sea; 130. Welcomes, in this regard, the ongoing work of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Hostage Support Programme, funded by the Board of the Trust Fund to Support Initiatives of States Countering Piracy off the Coast of Somalia, in securing the release of seafarers held hostage off the coast of Somalia; 51 131. Also welcomes the recent achievements against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia resulting from efforts at the global and regional levels, which have resulted in a steady decline in pirate attacks as well as hijackings since 2011, in that regard continues to be gravely concerned by the ongoing threat that __________________ 51 See S/2013/623, paras. 11–13, and S/2014/740, para. 10. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 24/55 piracy and armed robbery at sea continue to pose in the region off the coast of Somalia, notes the adoption by the Security Council of resolution 2383 (2017) of 7 November 2017, as well as the statements by the President of the Council of 25 August 201052 and of 19 November 2012,53 also notes that the authorization in resolution 2383 (2017) and relevant resolutions54 apply only with respect to the situation in Somalia and shall not affect the rights, obligations or responsibilities of Member States under international law, including any rights or obligations under the Convention, with respect to any other situation, and underscores, in particular, that they shall not be considered as establishing customary international law; 132. Notes the continued efforts within the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia, following the adoption of Security Council resolution 1851 (2008) of 16 December 2008, and commends the contributions of all States in the efforts to fight piracy off the coast of Somalia; 133. Takes note of the outcome of the London Conference on Somalia held on 11 May 2017, and the commitment of the Federal Government of Somalia and federal member states of Somalia to developing their maritime security capabilities; 134. Recognizes the primary responsibility of the Federal Government of Somalia in combating piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, acknowledges the importance of a comprehensive and sustainable settlement of the situation in Somalia, and emphasizes the need to address the underlying causes of piracy and to assist Somalia and States in the region, at their request, in strengthening institutional capacity to fight piracy and tackle its underlying causes, including the financing or facilitation of acts of piracy, and armed robbery against ships off the coast of Somalia and to bring to justice those involved in such acts; 135. Notes the International Maritime Organization guidelines to assist in the investigation of the crimes of piracy and armed robbery against ships, revised interim guidance to shipowners, ship operators and shipmasters on the use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high-risk area, revised interim recommendations for flag States regarding the use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high-risk area, revised interim recommendations for port and coastal States regarding the use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high-risk area, interim guidance to private maritime security companies providing privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high-risk area, and interim guidance for flag States on measures to prevent and mitigate Somalia-based piracy; 136. Welcomes the successful prosecution of piracy cases in Belgium, India, Mauritius and Seychelles during the past year, as well as the successful cooperation between China and Somalia in transferring suspected pirates in May 2017, while noting with concern that the continuing limited capacity and domestic legislation to facilitate the custody and prosecution of suspected pirates after their capture has hindered more robust international action against pirates off the coast of Somalia; 137. Encourages States to ensure that ships flying their flag apply ship security measures approved in accordance with national and international law; 138. Notes the efforts made by the shipping industry to cooperate with the efforts by States regarding piracy off the coast of Somalia, in particular in assisting ships that navigate in that area, and recalls the adoption on 30 November 2011 by the __________________ 52 S/PRST/2010/16; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2010–31 July 2011 (S/INF/66). 53 S/PRST/2012/24; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2012–31 July 2013 (S/INF/68). 54 See Security Council resolution 2316 (2016), first preambular paragraph. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 25/55 17-21819 Assembly of the International Maritime Organization of resolution A.1044(27) on piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia; 139. Also notes the continued implementation of the Code of Conduct concerning the Repression of Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden (Djibouti Code of Conduct), adopted on 29 January 2009 under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization, in the four thematic areas of information-sharing, training, national legislation and capacity- building, and notes the adoption in January 2017 of the Jeddah Amendment to the Djibouti Code of Conduct; 140. Expresses its deep concern at the continuing incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea, in particular violence against innocent crew members of vessels, notes the adoption by the Security Council of resolutions 2018 (2011) of 31 October 2011 and 2039 (2012) of 29 February 2012 and the statement by the President of the Council of 25 April 2016,55 supports the recent efforts to address this problem at the global and regional levels, recalls the primary role of States in the region to counter the threat and address the underlying causes of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea, welcomes the adoption in Yaoundé on 25 June 2013 of the Code of Conduct concerning the Repression of Piracy, Armed Robbery against Ships, and Illegal Maritime Activity in West and Central Africa, and calls upon States in the region to implement the Code of Conduct as soon as possible and consistent with international law, in particular the Convention; 141. Urges States to ensure the full implementation of resolution A.1069(28) of the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization on prevention and suppression of piracy, armed robbery against ships and illicit maritime activity in the Gulf of Guinea; 142. Calls upon States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation56 and the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf,56 invites States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the 2005 Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation 57 and the 2005 Protocol to the 1988 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 58 and urges States parties to take appropriate measures to ensure the effective implementation of those instruments through the adoption of legislation, where appropriate; 143. Calls upon States to effectively implement the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code and the amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,59 and to work with the International Maritime Organization to promote safe and secure shipping while ensuring freedom of navigation; 144. Urges all States, in cooperation with the International Maritime Organization, to improve the protection of offshore installations by adopting measures related to the prevention, reporting and investigation of acts of violence against installations, in accordance with international law, and by implementing such measures through national legislation to ensure proper and adequate enforcement; __________________ 55 S/PRST/2016/4. 56 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1678, No. 29004. 57 International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.15/21. 58 International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.15/22. 59 International Maritime Organization, documents SOLAS/CONF.5/32 and 34, and document MSC 81/25/Add.1, annex 2, resolution MSC.202(81), introducing the long-range identification and tracking of ships system. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 26/55 145. Emphasizes the progress in regional cooperation, including the efforts of littoral States, on the enhancement of safety, security and environmental protection in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, and the effective functioning of the Cooperative Mechanism on Safety of Navigation and Environmental Protection in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore (the Cooperative Mechanism) to promote dialogue and facilitate close cooperation between the littoral States, user States, shipping industries and other stakeholders in line with article 43 of the Convention, notes with appreciation the convening of the tenth Cooperation Forum, in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, on 2 and 3 October 2017, the tenth Project Coordination Committee Meeting, in Kota Kinabalu on 4 October 2017, the forty-second Tripartite Technical Experts Group Meeting, in Kota Kinabalu on 5 and 6 October 2017, and the eighteenth and nineteenth Aids to Navigation Fund Committee Meetings, in Singapore, on 11 and 12 April 2017 and 14 and 15 September 2017, respectively, the events being key pillars of the Cooperative Mechanism, also notes with appreciation the important role of the Information Sharing Centre of the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia, based in Singapore, and calls upon States to give immediate attention to adopting, concluding and implementing cooperation agreements at the regional level; 146. Recognizes that some transnational organized criminal activities threaten legitimate uses of the oceans and endanger the lives of people at sea, as well as the livelihoods and security of coastal communities; 147. Notes that transnational organized criminal activities are diverse and may be interrelated in some cases and that criminal organizations are adaptive and take advantage of the vulnerabilities of States, in particular coastal and small island developing States in transit areas, and calls upon States and relevant intergovernmental organizations to increase cooperation and coordination at all levels to detect and suppress the smuggling of migrants, trafficking in persons and illicit trafficking in firearms, in accordance with international law; 148. Recognizes the importance of enhancing international cooperation at all levels to fight transnational organized criminal activities, including illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, within the scope of the United Nations instruments against illicit drug trafficking, as well as the smuggling of migrants, trafficking in persons and illicit trafficking in firearms and criminal activities at sea falling within the scope of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime;60 149. Encourages States to cooperate at the bilateral, regional and global levels to prevent, combat and eradicate illicit trafficking in protected species of wild fauna and flora where such trafficking occurs via maritime routes, through, inter alia, the use of applicable international legal instruments as appropriate, such as the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the United Nations Convention against Corruption61 and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,62 and reiterates its call upon Member States expressed in its resolution 71/326 of 11 September 2017 to make illicit trafficking in protected species of wild fauna and flora a serious crime, in accordance with their national legislation and as defined in article 2 (b) and article 3, paragraph 1 (b), of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, in order to ensure that, where the offence is transnational in nature and involves an organized criminal group, effective international cooperation can be __________________ 60 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2225, No. 39574. 61 Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146. 62 Ibid., vol. 993, No. 14537. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 27/55 17-21819 afforded under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime to prevent and combat transnational organized crime; 150. Notes with grave concern the recent proliferation of, and endangerment of lives through, the smuggling of migrants by sea, underscores the necessity to address such situations in accordance with applicable international law, and encourages States, acting nationally or through relevant global or regional organizations, as appropriate, to provide technical assistance and capacity-building to flag, port and coastal States, upon request, to enhance their capabilities to prevent smuggling of migrants and human trafficking by sea; 151. Calls upon States, in that context, to take measures in accordance with relevant international obligations to prevent and combat all forms of trafficking in persons, to identify victims of human trafficking, including among migrant flows, and to provide trafficking victims with appropriate protection and assistance, according to their national law and policy; 152. Calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,63 the Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,64 and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,65 and to take appropriate measures to ensure their effective implementation; 153. Calls upon States to ensure freedom of navigation, the safety of navigation and the rights of transit passage, archipelagic sea lanes passage and innocent passage in accordance with international law, in particular the Convention; 154. Welcomes the work of the International Maritime Organization relating to the protection of shipping lanes of strategic importance and significance, and in particular in enhancing safety, security and environmental protection in straits used for international navigation, and calls upon that Organization, States bordering straits and user States to continue their cooperation to keep such straits safe, secure and environmentally protected and open to international navigation at all times, consistent with international law, in particular the Convention; 155. Calls upon user States and States bordering straits used for international navigation to continue to cooperate by agreement on matters relating to navigational safety, including safety aids for navigation, and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from ships, and welcomes developments in this regard; 156. Calls upon States that have accepted the amendments to regulation XI-1/6 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, 66 to implement the Code of International Standards and Recommended Practices for a Safety Investigation into a Marine Casualty or Marine Incident, 67 which took effect on 1 January 2010, and, in particular, to comply with the mandatory submission of a marine safety investigation report to the International Maritime Organization for __________________ 63 Ibid., vol. 2241, No. 39574. 64 Ibid., vol. 2326, No. 39574. 65 Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574. 66 International Maritime Organization, document MSC 84/24/Add.1, annex 3, resolution MSC.257(84). 67 International Maritime Organization, document MSC 84/24/Add.1, annex 1, resolution MSC.255(84). A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 28/55 every marine safety investigation conducted into a very serious marine casualty to identify trends and develop knowledge and risk-based recommendations; 157. Notes the adoption by the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization at its twenty-eighth session of the resolution on guidelines on the preservation and collection of evidence following an allegation of a serious crime having taken place on board a ship or following a report of a missing person from a ship, and pastoral and medical care of persons affected;68 158. Recognizes the important work of the International Hydrographic Organization, calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider becoming members of that Organization, encourages all its members to actively consider, in accordance with applicable rules and procedures, applications of States that wish to become members of that Organization, and urges all States to work with that Organization to increase the coverage of hydrographic information on a global basis to enhance capacity-building and technical assistance and to promote safe navigation, particularly through the production and use of accurate electronic navigational charts, especially in areas used for international navigation, in ports and where there are vulnerable or protected marine areas; 159. Also recognizes the importance of navigational warning services based on marine meteorological data for the safety of ships and lives at sea and the optimization of navigation routes, and notes the collaboration between the World Meteorological Organization and the International Maritime Organization for the enhancement of these services and their extension to the Arctic region; 160. Encourages States to continue their efforts in the implementation of all areas of the Action Plan for the Safety of Transport of Radioactive Material, approved by the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency in March 2004; 161. Notes that cessation of the transport of radioactive materials through the regions of small island developing States is an ultimate desired goal of small island developing States and some other countries, and recognizes the right of freedom of navigation in accordance with international law; that States should maintain dialogue and consultation, in particular under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the International Maritime Organization, with the aim of improved mutual understanding, confidence-building and enhanced communication in relation to the safe maritime transport of radioactive materials; that States involved in the transport of such materials are urged to continue to engage in dialogue with small island developing States and other States to address their concerns; and that these concerns include the further development and strengthening, within the appropriate forums, of international regulatory regimes to enhance safety, disclosure, liability, security and compensation in relation to such transport; 162. Acknowledges, in the context of paragraph 161 above, the potential environmental and economic impacts of maritime incidents and accidents on coastal States, in particular those related to the transport of radioactive materials, and emphasizes the importance of effective liability regimes in that regard; 163. Encourages States to draw up plans and to establish procedures to implement the Guidelines on Places of Refuge for Ships in Need of Assistance adopted by the International Maritime Organization on 5 December 2003;69 __________________ 68 International Maritime Organization, Assembly resolution A.1091(28). 69 International Maritime Organization, Assembly resolution A.949(23). Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 29/55 17-21819 164. Invites States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks, 2007; 70 165. Requests States to take appropriate measures with regard to ships flying their flag or of their registry to address hazards that may be caused by wrecks and drifting or sunken cargo to navigation or the marine environment; 166. Calls upon States to ensure that masters on ships flying their flag take the steps required by relevant instruments71 to provide assistance to persons in distress at sea, and urges States to cooperate and to take all measures necessary to ensure the effective implementation of the amendments to the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue72 and to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea73 relating to the delivery of persons rescued at sea to a place of safety, as well as of the associated Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea; 74 167. Recognizes that all States must fulfil their search and rescue responsibilities in accordance with international law, including the Convention, reaffirms the ongoing need for the International Maritime Organization and other relevant organizations to assist, in particular, developing States both to increase and improve their search and rescue capabilities, including, as appropriate, through the establishment of additional rescue coordination centres and regional sub-centres, and to take effective action to address, to the extent feasible, the issue of unseaworthy ships and small craft within their national jurisdiction, and emphasizes in this regard the importance of cooperation for these purposes, including within the framework of the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979; 75 168. Notes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other relevant actors in relation to disembarkation of persons rescued at sea, notes in this regard the need to implement all relevant and applicable international instruments and the importance of cooperation among States as provided for in those instruments, and underlines in particular the importance of full respect for the principle of non-refoulement in accordance with applicable international law; 169. Invites States to implement the Revised Guidelines on the Prevention of Access by Stowaways and the Allocation of Responsibilities to Seek the Successful Resolution of Stowaway Cases adopted by the International Maritime Organization on 2 December 2010;76 170. Calls upon States to continue to cooperate in developing comprehensive approaches to international migration and development, including through dialogue on all their aspects; __________________ 70 International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.16/19. 71 Convention on International Civil Aviation, 1944, annex 12, International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, as amended, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, and International Convention on Salvage, 1989. 72 International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.1, annex 5, resolution MSC.155(78). 73 International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.1, annex 3, resolution MSC.153(78). 74 International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.2, annex 34, resolution MSC.167(78). 75 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1405, No. 23489. 76 International Maritime Organization, document MSC 88/26/Add.1, annex 6, resolution MSC.312(88). A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 30/55 171. Also calls upon States to take measures to protect fibre-optic submarine cables and to fully address issues relating to these cables, in accordance with international law, as reflected in the Convention; 172. Encourages greater dialogue and cooperation among States and the relevant regional and global organizations through workshops and seminars on the protection and maintenance of fibre-optic submarine cables to promote the security of such critical communications infrastructure; 173. Also encourages the adoption by States of laws and regulations addressing the breaking or injury of submarine cables or pipelines beneath the high seas done wilfully or through culpable negligence by a ship flying its flag or by a person subject to its jurisdiction, in accordance with international law, as reflected in the Convention; 174. Affirms the importance of maintenance, including the repair, of submarine cables, undertaken in conformity with international law, as reflected in the Convention; 175. Reaffirms that flag, port and coastal States all bear responsibility for ensuring the effective implementation and enforcement of international instruments relating to maritime security and safety, in accordance with international law, in particular the Convention, and that flag States have primary responsibility that requires further strengthening, including through increased transparency of ownership of vessels and the monitoring of organizations authorized to carry out surveys and issue certificates on their behalf, taking into account the entry into force of the Code for Recognized Organizations on 1 January 2015;77 176. Urges flag States without an effective maritime administration and appropriate legal frameworks to establish or enhance the necessary infrastructure, legislative and enforcement capabilities to ensure effective compliance with and implementation and enforcement of their responsibilities under international law, in particular the Convention, and, until such action is taken, to consider declining the granting of the right to fly their flag to new vessels, suspending their registry or not opening a registry, and calls upon flag and port States to take all measures consistent with international law necessary to prevent the operation of substandard vessels; 177. Recognizes that international shipping rules and standards adopted by the International Maritime Organization in respect of maritime safety, efficiency of navigation and the prevention and control of marine pollution, complemented by best practices of the shipping industry, have led to a significant reduction in maritime accidents and pollution incidents; 178. Notes that audits of Member States under the International Maritime Organization Member State Audit Scheme became mandatory in January 2016 under nine mandatory International Maritime Organization instruments and are to be carried out in accordance with the Framework and the Procedures for the International Maritime Organization Member State Audit Scheme and using the International Maritime Organization Instruments Implementation Code (III Code);78 179. Welcomes the adoption by the International Maritime Organization of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code), under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, as amended,79 and encourages States and competent __________________ 77 International Maritime Organization, resolutions MSC.349(92) and MEPC.237(65). 78 See International Maritime Organization, Assembly resolutions A.1018(26), A.1067(28), A.1068(28) and A.1070(28). 79 International Maritime Organization, document MEPC 62/24/Add.1, annex 19, resolution Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 31/55 17-21819 international organizations and bodies to support the effective implementation of the requirements of the Polar Code, which entered into force on 1 January 2017;80 180. Notes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization on matters related to passenger ship safety in light of recent accidents, and encourages States and competent international organizations and bodies to support continued efforts, including technical cooperation activities, to improve passenger ship safety; 181. Recognizes that maritime safety can also be improved through effective port State control, the strengthening of regional arrangements and increased coordination and cooperation among them and increased transparency and information-sharing, making ample use of information systems, such as the International Maritime Organization Global Integrated Shipping Information System,81 including among safety and security sectors; 182. Encourages flag States to take appropriate measures sufficient to achieve or maintain recognition by intergovernmental arrangements that recognize satisfactory flag State performance, including, as appropriate, satisfactory port State control examination results on a sustained basis, with a view to improving quality shipping and furthering flag State implementation of relevant instruments under the International Maritime Organization as well as relevant goals and objectives of the present resolution; IX Marine environment and marine resources 183. Emphasizes once again the importance of the implementation of Part XII of the Convention in order to protect and preserve the marine environment and its living marine resources against pollution and physical degradation, and calls upon all States to cooperate and take measures consistent with the Convention, directly or through competent international organizations, for the protection and preservation of the marine environment; 184. Calls upon States to implement the Sustainable Development Goals outlined in the outcome document of the United Nations summit for the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” as adopted by the General Assembly in resolution 70/1, including Goal 14 to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, and recalls that the Goals and targets are integrated and indivisible; 185. Reiterates, in this regard, the call made in the declaration entitled “Our ocean, our future: call for action” for action to be taken on an urgent basis to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development;82 186. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States noted with concern that the health of oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively affected by marine pollution, including marine debris, especially plastic, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and nitrogen-based compounds, from a number of marine and land-based sources, including shipping and land run-off, and that States committed to take action to reduce __________________ MEPC.203(62). 80 International Maritime Organization resolutions MSC.385(94) and MEPC.264(68) and related amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (resolution MSC.386(94) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (resolution MEPC.265(68). 81 International Maritime Organization, resolutions A.1029(26) and A.1074(28). 82 Resolution 71/312, annex. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 32/55 the incidence and impacts of such pollution on marine ecosystems, including through the effective implementation of relevant conventions adopted in the framework of the International Maritime Organization, and the follow-up of relevant initiatives such as the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities,83 as well as the adoption of coordinated strategies to this end, and that they further committed to take action, by 2025, based on collected scientific data, to achieve significant reductions in marine debris to prevent harm to the coastal and marine environment; 187. Encourages States, in accordance with the commitment expressed in “The future we want” and based on collected scientific data, to take action by 2025 to achieve significant reductions in marine debris to prevent harm to the coastal and marine environment; 188. Notes the discussions at the seventeenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process, which focused on the theme “Marine debris, plastics and microplastics” and which, inter alia, highlighted that the size of the problem had increased exponentially since the topic of marine debris was addressed at the sixth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process, in 2005, noted that marine debris in general, and plastics in particular, were some of the greatest environmental concerns of our time, along with climate change, ocean acidification and loss of biodiversity, discussed prevention and emphasized the need to address the issue, both downstream, through improved mechanisms for waste management, disposal and recycling, and upstream, by addressing consumption and production patterns, including through awareness-raising campaigns;84 189. Also notes the eighteenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process, which focused on the theme “The effects of climate change on oceans”, during which delegations discussed, inter alia, the environmental, social and economic impacts on all States, in particular developing States, of the effects of climate change on the oceans, as well as the urgent need to address such effects and impacts, the need for international cooperation and coordination, including concerted and immediate action to combat the effects of climate change on the oceans, as well as the need for continued coordinated international focus in recognition that, owing to the interconnected nature of the oceans, ensuing impacts cannot be overcome by any single State and, in particular, in view of the grave implications for countries with low-lying coasts, some of whose very existence is under threat;4 190. Further notes the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, notes with concern its findings on the acidification of the oceans and the substantial risks to marine ecosystems, especially polar ecosystems, coral reefs, plankton and other organisms which have a calcareous exoskeleton, or a shell, like crustaceans, and the potentially detrimental consequences for fisheries and livelihoods, as well as the findings of the World Meteorological Organization contained in its annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, and notes its decision to foster collaboration with organizations and institutions that address the carbon budget of the ocean, 85 and in this regard encourages States and competent international organizations and other relevant institutions, individually and in cooperation, to urgently pursue further research on ocean acidification, especially programmes of observation and measurement, noting in particular the continued work under the Convention on Biological Diversity86 and paragraphs 6 to 10 of decision XII/23 on marine and __________________ 83 A/51/116, annex II. 84 See A/71/204. 85 World Meteorological Organization, Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress, Geneva, 25 May–12 June 2015, resolution 46 (Cg-17). 86 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1760, No. 30619. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 33/55 17-21819 coastal biodiversity, adopted at the twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, from 6 to 17 October 2014,87 and to increase national, regional and global efforts to address levels of ocean acidity and the negative impact of such acidity on vulnerable marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs; 191. Notes with appreciation that, at its forty-third session, held in Nairobi, from 11 to 13 April 2016, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change decided to prepare a special report on climate change and oceans and the cryosphere; 88 192. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States called for support for initiatives that address ocean acidification and the impacts of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems and resources and in this regard reiterated the need to work collectively to prevent further ocean acidification, as well as to enhance the resilience of marine ecosystems and of the communities whose livelihoods depend on them, and to support marine scientific research, monitoring and observation of ocean acidification and particularly vulnerable ecosystems, including through enhanced international cooperation in this regard; 193. Welcomes, in this regard, the holding in Monaco, from 15 to 17 October 2017, of the fourth International Workshop on the Socioeconomic Impacts of Ocean Acidification, on the theme “From sciences to solutions: ocean acidification impacts on ecosystem services – case study on coral reefs”, organized by the Scientific Centre of Monaco and the Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre of the International Atomic Energy Agency; 194. Notes with concern the approximately 30 per cent increase in the acidity of ocean surface waters since the beginning of the industrial era 89 and the wide range of impacts associated with the continuing and alarming acidification of the world’s oceans, and urges States to make significant efforts to tackle the causes of ocean acidification, recognizing countries’ national circumstances and respective capabilities, and to further study and minimize its impacts, to enhance local, national, regional and global cooperation in this regard, including the sharing of relevant information and the development of worldwide capacity, including in developing countries, to measure ocean acidification, and to take steps to make marine ecosystems healthier and, as a result, more resilient, to the extent possible, to the impacts of ocean acidification; 195. Recognizes the attention paid to ocean acidification at the fourteenth and eighteenth meetings of the Informal Consultative Process, and commits itself to continue to pay attention to this important issue, including by taking into account the First Global Integrated Marine Assessment (the first World Ocean Assessment), the ongoing work of the Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre and the scientific cooperation fostered by the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network; 196. Encourages States, individually or in collaboration with relevant international organizations and bodies, to enhance their scientific activity to better understand the effects of climate change on the marine environment and marine biodiversity, support continued coordination of scientific work to study and minimize the impacts of ocean acidification and develop ways and means of adaptation, taking into account, as appropriate, the precautionary approach and ecosystem approaches; __________________ 87 See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/12/29, sect. I. 88 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, decision IPCC/XLIII-6. 89 As stated in the 2013 report of Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on the physical science basis of climate change. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 34/55 197. Notes the vital role that coastal blue carbon ecosystems, including mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrasses, play in climate adaptation and mitigation through carbon sequestration, and in increasing the resilience of coastal ecosystems to ocean acidification, and the range of other benefits that these ecosystems provide, including sustainable livelihoods, food security and biodiversity conservation, and coastal protection, and encourages States and relevant international institutions and organizations to work collaboratively to protect and restore coastal blue carbon ecosystems; 198. Welcomes the Paris Agreement90 and its early entry into force on 4 November 2016, encourages all its parties to fully implement the Agreement and parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 91 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, as appropriate, as soon as possible, and recognizes the importance of raising awareness of the adverse impact of climate change on the marine environment, marine biodiversity and sea level; 199. Also welcomes, in this regard, the convening of the twenty-third session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the thirteenth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and the second part of the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement in Bonn, Germany, from 6 to 17 November 2017; 200. Encourages States that have not yet done so to become parties to international agreements addressing the protection and preservation of the marine environment and its living marine resources against the introduction of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens and marine pollution from all sources, including the dumping of wastes and other matter, and other forms of physical degradation, as well as agreements that provide for preparedness for, response to and cooperation on pollution incidents and that include provisions on liability and compensation for damage resulting from marine pollution, and to adopt the necessary measures consistent with international law, including the Convention, aimed at implementing and enforcing the rules contained in those agreements; 201. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States noted the significant threat that alien invasive species pose to marine ecosystems and resources and committed to implement measures to prevent the introduction and manage the adverse environmental impacts of alien invasive species, including, as appropriate, those adopted in the framework of the International Maritime Organization; 202. Notes with satisfaction that the conditions for the entry into force of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004,92 have been fulfilled and that that Convention entered into force on 8 September 2017, and encourages States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to it; 203. Encourages States, directly or through competent international organizations, to consider the further development and application, as appropriate and consistent with international law, including the Convention, of environmental impact assessment processes covering planned activities under their jurisdiction or control that may cause substantial pollution of or significant and harmful changes to the marine environment, and also encourages the communication of the reports of the __________________ 90 See FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21, annex. 91 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822. 92 International Maritime Organization, document BWM/CONF/36, annex. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 35/55 17-21819 results of such assessments to the competent international organizations in accordance with the Convention; 204. Encourages States that have not done so to become parties to regional seas conventions and the protocols thereto addressing the protection and preservation of the marine environment; 205. Encourages States, in accordance with international law, including the Convention and other relevant instruments, either bilaterally or regionally, to jointly develop and promote contingency plans for responding to pollution incidents, as well as other incidents that are likely to have significant adverse effects on the marine environment and biodiversity; 206. Recognizes the importance of improving understanding of the impact of climate change on oceans and seas, and recalls that, in “The future we want”, States noted that sea-level rise and coastal erosion are serious threats for many coastal regions and islands, particularly in developing countries and in this regard called upon the international community to enhance its efforts to address these challenges; 207. Notes with concern the severe impacts on coastal communities of extreme weather events, such as tropical cyclones and associated storm surges, and encourages cooperative actions by relevant United Nations bodies and organizations, including the World Meteorological Organization, to assist States in improving forecasting of such events and its application in multi-hazard early warning systems and risk management; 208. Also notes with concern that the health of the oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively affected by marine debris, especially plastic, from land- based and marine sources, and notes that the “UNEP frontiers 2016 report” identifies microplastics as one of six key emerging environmental issues; 209. Recognizes the need for better understanding of the sources, amounts, pathways, distribution, trends, nature and impacts of marine debris, especially plastics and microplastics, and to examine possible measures and best available techniques and environmental practices to prevent its accumulation and minimize its levels in the marine environment, and welcomes in this regard the work conducted under the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection, led by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and its report entitled “Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment – a global assessment”, and the report of the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme on marine plastic debris and microplastics, which reviews best-available knowledge and experiences in this regard and gives recommendations for further steps to reduce plastic litter and microplastic in the oceans;93 210. Calls upon States to implement resolution 2/11 on marine plastic litter and microplastics, adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme at its second session, held in Nairobi from 23 to 27 May 2016;11 211. Acknowledges the request by the United Nations Environment Assembly in paragraph 21 of its resolution 2/11 to the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme, in close cooperation with other relevant bodies and organizations, to undertake an assessment of the effectiveness of relevant international, regional and subregional governance strategies and approaches to combat marine plastic litter and microplastics, taking into consideration the relevant international, regional and subregional regulatory frameworks and identifying possible gaps and options for addressing them, including through regional cooperation and coordination, __________________ 93 UNEP/EA.2/5. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 36/55 and to submit the assessment at the next session of the United Nations Environment Assembly, within available resources for this purpose; 212. Welcomes the activities of relevant United Nations bodies and organizations, in particular the United Nations Environment Programme, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization and other intergovernmental organizations, to address the sources and impacts of marine debris, including through the Global Partnership on Marine Litter, as well as actions relating to marine debris taken under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals,94 in particular the adoption by the Conference of the Parties to that Convention at its eleventh meeting of resolution 11.30 on management of marine debris, and notes the work of the International Whaling Commission on assessing the impacts of marine debris on cetaceans; 213. Encourages States to further develop partnerships with industry and civil society to raise awareness of the extent of the impact of marine debris on the biological diversity, health and productivity of the marine environment and consequent economic loss and to cooperate with other States, industry and civil society, as appropriate, on environmentally sound and cost-effective measures to prevent and reduce, as appropriate, marine debris and microplastics in the marine environment, including through strengthened cooperation under the Global Partnership on Marine Litter; 214. Urges States to integrate the issue of marine debris into national and, as appropriate, regional strategies dealing with waste management, especially in the coastal zone, ports and maritime industries, including recycling, reuse, reduction and disposal, to consider developing an integrated waste management infrastructure and to encourage the development of appropriate economic incentives with the aim of reducing marine debris to address this issue, including the development of cost- recovery systems that provide an incentive to use port reception facilities and discourage ships from discharging marine debris at sea, and support for measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution from any source, including land-based sources, such as community-based coastal and waterway clean-up and monitoring activities, and encourages States to cooperate regionally and subregionally to identify potential sources and coastal and oceanic locations where marine debris aggregates and to develop and implement joint prevention and recovery programmes for marine debris as well as to raise awareness of the issue of marine debris and the need to consider environmentally sound options for its removal; 215. Notes the holding of the Workshop on Best Practices Sharing in Marine Debris Management in Coastal Cities of the APEC Region, under the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation framework, in Xiamen, China, on 4 November 2017; 216. Also notes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization to prevent pollution from ships, including through the designation of Special Areas under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, as amended, 95 and encourages the International Maritime Organization to continue working on the prevention of pollution from ships; 217. Encourages States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Protocol of 1997 (annex VI – Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from __________________ 94 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1651, No. 28395. 95 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, annex IV (Regulations for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships) and annex V (Regulations for the prevention of pollution by garbage from ships). Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 37/55 17-21819 Ships) to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, as amended; 96 218. Encourages States that have not yet done so to become parties to the 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 (the London Protocol); 219. Notes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization and the resolution on International Maritime Organization policies and practices related to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships;97 220. Urges States to cooperate in correcting the shortfall in port waste reception facilities in accordance with the action plan to address the inadequacy of port waste reception facilities developed by the International Maritime Organization; 221. Recognizes that most of the pollution load of the oceans emanates from land-based activities and affects the most productive areas of the marine environment, and calls upon States, as a matter of priority, to implement the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities and to take all appropriate measures to fulfil the commitments of the international community embodied in the Manila Declaration on Furthering the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities;98 222. Encourages States to take part in the Fourth Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, to be held in Indonesia in 2018; 223. Expresses its concern regarding the spreading of hypoxic dead zones and harmful algal blooms in oceans as a result of eutrophication fuelled by riverine run- off of fertilizers, sewage outfall and reactive nitrogen resulting from the burning of fossil fuels and resulting in serious consequences for ecosystem functioning, and calls upon States to enhance their efforts to reduce eutrophication, particularly by reducing total nutrient pollution from land-based sources and, to this effect, to continue to cooperate within the framework of relevant international organizations, in particular the Global Programme of Action and the Global Partnership on Nutrient Management and Global Wastewater Initiative, including through capacity-building initiatives and efforts to monitor, via the Global Ocean Observing System, stressors such as harmful algal blooms, areas of hypoxia, sargassum seaweed invasions and jellyfish blooms, to assess their possible linkage to eutrophication and their potential adverse impacts on the marine environment as well as on human health; 224. Calls upon all States to ensure that urban and coastal development projects and related land-reclamation activities are carried out in a responsible manner that protects the marine habitat and environment and mitigates the negative consequences of such activities; 225. Welcomes the entry into force on 16 August 2017 of the Minamata Convention on Mercury,99 and encourages States that have not yet done so to take, as soon as possible, the domestic measures necessary to enable them to meet their obligations upon ratification and thereafter to ratify, accept, approve or accede to that Convention; __________________ 96 International Maritime Organization, document MEPC 62/24/Add.1, annex 19, resolution MEPC.203(62). 97 International Maritime Organization, Assembly resolution A.963(23). 98 United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP(DEPI)/GPA/IGR.3/6, annex. 99 United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP(DTIE)/Hg/CONF/4, annex II. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 38/55 226. Also welcomes the continued work of States, the United Nations Environment Programme and regional organizations in the implementation of the Global Programme of Action, and encourages increased emphasis on the link between fresh water, the coastal zone and marine resources in the implementation of international development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration,100 and of the time-bound targets in the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation),20 in particular the target on sanitation, and the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development; 101 227. Recalls the resolution of the thirtieth Consultative Meeting of Contracting Parties to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 (the London Convention) and the third Meeting of Contracting Parties to the London Protocol, held from 27 to 31 October 2008, on the regulation of ocean fertilization,102 in which the Contracting Parties agreed, inter alia, that the scope of the London Convention and Protocol includes ocean fertilization activities and that, given the present state of knowledge, ocean fertilization activities other than for legitimate scientific research should not be allowed, and that scientific research proposals should be assessed on a case-by-case basis using an assessment framework to be developed by the scientific groups under the London Convention and Protocol, and also agreed that, to this end, such other activities should be considered as contrary to the aims of the London Convention and Protocol and should not currently qualify for any exemption from the definition of dumping in article III, paragraph 1 (b), of the London Convention and article 1, paragraph 4.2, of the London Protocol; 228. Also recalls the resolution of the thirty-second Consultative Meeting of Contracting Parties to the London Convention and the fifth Meeting of Contracting Parties to the London Protocol, held from 11 to 15 October 2010, on the Assessment Framework for Scientific Research Involving Ocean Fertilization; 103 229. Notes the continued work of the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and Protocol towards a global, transparent and effective control and regulatory mechanism for ocean fertilization activities and other activities that fall within the scope of the London Convention and Protocol and have the potential to cause harm to the marine environment, and notes the resolution adopted by the eighth Meeting of Contracting Parties to the London Protocol, held from 14 to 18 October 2013, on the amendment to the London Protocol to regulate the placement of matter for ocean fertilization and other marine geoengineering activities;104 230. Recalls decision IX/16 C, adopted at the ninth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Bonn, from 19 to 30 May 2008,105 in which the Conference of the Parties, inter alia, bearing in mind the ongoing scientific and legal analysis occurring under the auspices of the London Convention and Protocol, requested parties and urged other Governments, in accordance with the precautionary approach, to ensure that ocean fertilization activities were not carried out until there was an adequate scientific basis on which to justify such activities, including an assessment of associated risks, and that a global, __________________ 100 Resolution 55/2. 101 Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex. 102 International Maritime Organization, document LC 30/16, annex 6, resolution LC-LP.1 (2008). 103 International Maritime Organization, document LC 32/15 and Corr.1, annex 5, resolution LC-LP.2 (2010). 104 International Maritime Organization, document LC 35/15, annex 4, resolution LP.4(8). 105 See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/9/29, annex I. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 39/55 17-21819 transparent and effective control and regulatory mechanism was in place for those activities, with the exception of small-scale scientific research studies within coastal waters, and stated that such studies should be authorized only if justified by the need to gather specific scientific data, should be subject to a thorough prior assessment of the potential impacts of the research studies on the marine environment, should be strictly controlled and should not be used for generating and selling carbon offsets or for any other commercial purposes, and takes note of decision X/29, adopted at the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Nagoya, Japan, from 18 to 29 October 2010,106 in which the Conference of the Parties requested parties to implement decision IX/16 C; 231. Also recalls that, in “The future we want”, States stressed their concern about the potential environmental impacts of ocean fertilization, recalled in this regard the decisions related to ocean fertilization adopted by the relevant intergovernmental bodies, and resolved to continue addressing ocean fertilization with utmost caution, consistent with the precautionary approach; 232. Reaffirms paragraph 119 of resolution 61/222 of 20 December 2006 regarding ecosystem approaches and oceans, including the proposed elements of an ecosystem approach, means to achieve implementation of an ecosystem approach and requirements for improved application of an ecosystem approach, and in this regard: (a) Notes that continued environmental degradation in many parts of the world and increasing competing demands require an urgent response and the setting of priorities for management actions aimed at conserving ecosystem integrity; (b) Also notes that ecosystem approaches to ocean management should be focused on managing human activities in order to maintain and, where needed, restore ecosystem health to sustain goods and environmental services, provide social and economic benefits for food security, sustain livelihoods in support of international development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration, and conserve marine biodiversity; (c) Recalls that States should be guided in the application of ecosystem approaches by a number of existing instruments, in particular the Convention, which sets out the legal framework for all activities in the oceans and seas, and its implementing Agreements, as well as other commitments, such as those contained in the Convention on Biological Diversity and the World Summit on Sustainable Development call for the application of an ecosystem approach by 2010, and in this context encourages States to enhance their efforts towards applying such an approach; (d) Encourages States to cooperate and coordinate their efforts and take, individually or jointly, as appropriate, all measures, in conformity with international law, including the Convention and other applicable instruments, to address impacts on marine ecosystems within and beyond areas of national jurisdiction, taking into account the integrity of the ecosystems concerned; 233. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States committed themselves to protect and restore the health, productivity and resilience of oceans and marine ecosystems, to maintain their biodiversity, enabling their conservation and sustainable use for present and future generations, and to effectively apply an ecosystem approach and the precautionary approach in the management, in accordance with international law, of activities having an impact on the marine environment, to deliver on all three dimensions of sustainable development; __________________ 106 See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27, annex. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 40/55 234. Encourages competent organizations and bodies that have not yet done so to incorporate an ecosystem approach into their mandates, as appropriate, in order to address impacts on marine ecosystems; 235. Acknowledges the request by the United Nations Environment Assembly at its second session, in paragraph 6 of its resolution 2/10, to the United Nations Environment Programme to step up its work, including through its Regional Seas Programme, on assisting countries and regions in the application of the ecosystem approach to managing the marine and coastal environment, including through enabling intersectoral cooperation in integrated coastal zone management and marine spatial planning;10 236. Invites States, in particular those States with advanced technology and marine capabilities, to explore prospects for improving cooperation with and assistance to developing States, in particular least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, with a view to better integrating into national policies and programmes sustainable and effective development in the marine sector; 237. Notes the information compiled by the Secretariat107 in relation to the assistance available to and measures that may be taken by developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, to realize the benefits of sustainable and effective development of marine resources and uses of the oceans, as provided by States and competent international organizations and global and regional funding agencies, and urges them to provide information for the annual report of the Secretary-General and for incorporation on the website of the Division; 238. Encourages States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009108 to facilitate its entry into force; 239. Encourages continued cooperation between the parties to the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal109 and the International Maritime Organization on regulations on the prevention of pollution from ships; 240. Notes the role of the Basel Convention in protecting the marine environment against the adverse effects which may result from such wastes; 241. Notes with concern the potential for serious environmental consequences resulting from oil spill incidents or pollution incidents involving hazardous or noxious substances, urges States, consistent with international law, to cooperate, directly or through competent international organizations, and share best practices, in the fields of protection of the marine environment, human health and safety, prevention, emergency response and mitigation, and in this regard encourages the undertaking of and collaboration on scientific research, including marine scientific research, to better understand the consequences of marine oil spills or marine spills involving hazardous or noxious substances; 242. Encourages States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation, 1990,110 and the Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Cooperation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 2000, of __________________ 107 A/63/342. 108 International Maritime Organization, document SR/CONF/45. 109 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1673, No. 28911. 110 Ibid., vol. 1891, No. 32194. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 41/55 17-21819 the International Maritime Organization, and in this regard to consider developing and joining regional arrangements to enhance international cooperation for combating major oil and hazardous substances pollution incidents; 243. Encourages States to consider becoming parties to the 2010 Protocol to the 1996 International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea; 111 X Marine biodiversity 244. Reaffirms its central role relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction; 245. Notes the work and contributions of States and relevant intergovernmental organizations and bodies in the context of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction; 246. Recalls, in this regard, its resolution 69/292, entitled “Development of an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction”; 247. Takes note of the extensive and complex discussions and exchange of views at the four sessions of the Preparatory Committee established by resolution 69/292, which concluded on 21 July 2017, as well as of the report of the Preparatory Committee and the recommendations contained therein;112 248. Recognizes the abundance and diversity of marine genetic resources and their value in terms of the benefits, goods and services they can provide; 249. Also recognizes the importance of research on marine genetic resources for the purpose of enhancing the scientific understanding, potential use and application, and enhanced management of marine ecosystems; 250. Encourages States and international organizations, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes and partnerships, to continue in a sustainable and comprehensive way to support, promote and strengthen capacity- building activities, in particular in developing countries, in the field of marine scientific research, taking into account, in particular, the need to create greater taxonomic capabilities; 251. Notes the work under the Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity113 and the Convention on Biological Diversity elaborated programme of work on marine and coastal biological diversity,114 and, while reiterating the central role of the General Assembly relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, notes with appreciation the complementary technical and scientific work done by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity; 252. Reaffirms the need for States, individually or through competent international organizations, to urgently consider ways to integrate and improve, based on the best available scientific information and the precautionary approach and in __________________ 111 International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.17/10. 112 A/AC.287/2017/PC.4/2. 113 See A/51/312, annex II, decision II/10. 114 United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21, annex, decision VII/5, annex I. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 42/55 accordance with the Convention and related agreements and instruments, the management of risks to the marine biodiversity of seamounts, cold water corals, hydrothermal vents and certain other underwater features; 253. Notes the adoption by the thirteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Cancun, Mexico, from 4 to 17 December 2016, of a voluntary specific workplan on biodiversity in cold water areas within the jurisdictional scope of the Convention, 115 and invites Parties to that Convention to implement the workplan; 254. Calls upon States and international organizations to urgently take further action to address, in accordance with international law, destructive practices that have adverse impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystems, including seamounts, hydrothermal vents and cold water corals; 255. Calls upon States to strengthen, in a manner consistent with international law, in particular the Convention, the conservation and management of marine biodiversity and ecosystems, and national policies in relation to area-based management tools, including marine protected areas; 256. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States reaffirmed the importance of area-based conservation measures, including marine protected areas, consistent with international law and based on best available scientific information, as a tool for conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of its components, and noted decision X/2 of the tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, that by 2020, 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are to be conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area- based conservation measures;106 257. Encourages States, in this regard, to further progress towards the establishment of marine protected areas, including representative networks, and calls upon States to further consider options to identify and protect ecologically or biologically significant areas, consistent with international law and on the basis of the best available scientific information; 258. Invites States to identify measures to achieve Aichi Biodiversity Target 11, enshrined in decision X/2 of the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, and takes note of the announcements made by some States in this regard; 259. Reaffirms the need for States to continue and intensify their efforts, directly and through competent international organizations, to develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and tools for conserving and managing vulnerable marine ecosystems, including the possible establishment of marine protected areas, consistent with international law, as reflected in the Convention, and based on the best scientific information available; 260. Notes the work of States, relevant intergovernmental organizations and bodies, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, in the assessment of scientific information on and compilation of ecological criteria for the identification of marine areas that may require protection, in the light of the objective of the World Summit on Sustainable Development to develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and tools, such as ecosystem approaches and the establishment of marine __________________ 115 United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/13/25, sect. I, decision XIII/11, annex II. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 43/55 17-21819 protected areas consistent with international law, as reflected in the Convention, and based on scientific information, including representative networks; 20 261. Recalls that the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, at its ninth meeting, adopted scientific criteria for identifying ecologically or biologically significant marine areas in need of protection in open-ocean waters and deep-sea habitats and scientific guidance for selecting areas to establish a representative network of marine protected areas, including in open-ocean waters and deep-sea habitats,116 and notes the ongoing work under the Convention on Biological Diversity on the application of the scientific criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas through the organization of a series of regional workshops; 262. Also recalls that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has developed guidance for the identification of vulnerable marine ecosystems through the International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas, and notes its ongoing work to support application of the Guidelines by States and to maintain a database of vulnerable marine ecosystems; 263. Notes with appreciation the work of the Sustainable Ocean Initiative under the Convention on Biological Diversity, and notes in this regard the global dialogue with regional seas organizations and regional fisheries bodies on accelerating progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, held in Seoul, from 26 to 29 September 2016; 264. Notes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization to identify and designate as Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas marine areas which are recognized for their significance in terms of ecological, socioeconomic or scientific criteria and are vulnerable to damage by international shipping activities; 117 265. Acknowledges the Micronesia Challenge, the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape project, the Caribbean Challenge and the Coral Triangle Initiative, which, in particular, seek to create and link domestic marine protected areas to better facilitate ecosystem approaches, and reaffirms the need for further international cooperation, coordination and collaboration in support of such initiatives; 266. Reiterates its support for the International Coral Reef Initiative, notes that the next International Coral Reef Initiative General Meeting is scheduled to be held in Nairobi, from 7 to 9 December 2017, and supports the elaborated programme of work of the Convention on Biological Diversity on marine and coastal biological diversity related to coral reefs under the Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity; 267. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States recognized the significant economic, social and environmental contributions of coral reefs, in particular to islands and other coastal States, as well as the significant vulnerability of coral reefs and mangroves to impacts, including from climate change, ocean acidification, overfishing, destructive fishing practices and pollution, and supported international cooperation with a view to conserving coral reef and mangrove ecosystems and realizing their social, economic and environmental benefits, as well as facilitating technical collaboration and voluntary information-sharing; 268. Encourages States and relevant international institutions to improve efforts to address coral bleaching by, inter alia, improving monitoring to predict and identify bleaching events, supporting and strengthening action taken during such __________________ 116 United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/9/29, annex I, decision IX/20, annexes I and II. 117 International Maritime Organization, Revised Guidelines for the Identification and Designation of Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas, Assembly resolution A.982(24). A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 44/55 events and improving strategies to manage reefs to support their natural resilience and enhance their ability to withstand other pressures, including ocean acidification, and in this regard also encourages States to implement the priority actions to achieve Aichi Biodiversity Target 10 for coral reefs and closely associated ecosystems, adopted by the twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity;87 269. Encourages States to cooperate, directly or through competent international bodies, in exchanging information in the event of accidents involving vessels on coral reefs and in promoting the development of economic assessment techniques for both restoration and non-use values of coral reef systems; 270. Emphasizes the need to mainstream sustainable coral reef management and integrated watershed management into national development strategies, as well as into the activities of relevant United Nations agencies and programmes, international financial institutions and the donor community; 271. Notes that ocean noise has potential significant adverse impacts on living marine resources, affirms the importance of sound scientific studies in addressing this matter, encourages further research, studies and consideration of the impacts of ocean noise on living marine resources, notes the work of States and competent international organizations in that regard, and requests the Division to continue to compile the peer- reviewed scientific studies it receives from Member States and intergovernmental organizations pursuant to paragraph 107 of resolution 61/222 and, as appropriate, to make them, or references and links to them, available on its website; 272. Also notes the approval by the International Maritime Organization of Guidelines for the Reduction of Underwater Noise from Commercial Shipping to Address Adverse Impacts on Marine Life, and invites the International Maritime Organization to promote and encourage their implementation for existing ships and new vessels, when appropriate, including by promoting measures that may reduce cavitation;118 273. Encourages further research into technologies to reduce the impact of underwater noise on marine life; XI Marine science 274. Calls upon States, individually or in collaboration with each other or with competent international organizations and bodies, to continue to strive to improve understanding and knowledge of the oceans and the deep sea, including, in particular, the extent and vulnerability of deep sea biodiversity and ecosystems, by increasing their marine scientific research activities in accordance with the Convention; 275. Encourages, in that regard, relevant international organizations and other donors to consider supporting the Endowment Fund of the International Seabed Authority in order to promote the conduct of collaborative marine scientific research in the international seabed area by supporting the participation of qualified scientists and technical personnel from developing countries in relevant programmes, initiatives and activities; 276. Notes with concern that human-related threats, such as marine debris, ship strikes, underwater noise, persistent contaminants, coastal development activities, oil spills and discarded fishing gear, together may severely impact marine life, including its higher trophic levels, and calls upon States and competent international organizations to cooperate and coordinate their research efforts in this regard so as to __________________ 118 International Maritime Organization, document MEPC.1/Circ.833, annex. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 45/55 17-21819 reduce these impacts and preserve the integrity of the whole marine ecosystem, while fully respecting the mandates of relevant international organizations; 277. Welcomes the programme entitled “Promote and facilitate the conduct of marine scientific research under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea” of the Division and the Korea Maritime Institute, carried out in cooperation with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission with the aim of assisting developing countries, especially small island developing States, to build their capacities in the field of marine scientific research, and notes with appreciation that the second course under the programme was developed with the cooperation of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States and delivered in Castries, from 2 to 5 May 2017; 278. Invites all relevant organizations, funds, programmes and bodies within the United Nations system, in consultation with interested States, to coordinate relevant activities with regional and national marine scientific and technological centres in small island developing States, as appropriate, to ensure the more effective achievement of their objectives in accordance with relevant United Nations small island developing States development programmes and strategies; 279. Welcomes the resolution adopted by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission at its twenty-eighth session, held in Paris from 18 to 25 June 2015, regarding the adoption of the Second International Indian Ocean Expedition as an important catalyst project linking Indian Ocean processes to the global ocean and atmosphere, officially launched in Goa, India, on 4 December 2015 for an initial period of five years, invites States to participate in this initiative, and notes that two nodes of the Second International Indian Ocean Expedition Joint Project Office have been established to coordinate operations of the expedition in Perth, Australia, and Hyderabad, India; 280. Notes with appreciation the work of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, with the advice of the Advisory Body of Experts on the Law of the Sea, on the development of procedures for the implementation of Parts XIII and XIV of the Convention; 281. Also notes with appreciation the work of the Advisory Body of Experts, including its work in cooperation with the Division, on the practice of member States related to marine scientific research and transfer of marine technology within the framework of the Convention, and welcomes the decision of the Executive Council of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission at its forty-fifth session, held in Paris from 26 to 28 June 2012, that the Advisory Body will continue its work focused on priorities as tasked by Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission governing bodies in line with the terms of reference, mobilizing extrabudgetary resources when necessary; 282. Recalls the issuance of the revised publication entitled Marine Scientific Research: A guide to the implementation of the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in December 2010, and requests the Secretariat to continue to make efforts to publish the guide in all official languages of the United Nations; 283. Notes that the depth of a significant percentage of the world’s oceans, seas and waterways has yet to be measured directly and that bathymetric knowledge underpins the safe, sustainable and cost-effective execution of almost every human activity in, on or under the sea; 284. Welcomes the work of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans project under the International Hydrographic Organization and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and, in particular, the outcome of the Forum for Future A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 46/55 Ocean Floor Mapping, held in June 2016 in Monaco, and the subsequent development by the Guiding Committee of the Seabed 2030 project for improving bathymetry globally; 285. Encourages Member States to consider contributing to mechanisms that encourage the widest possible availability of all bathymetric data, so as to support the sustainable development, management and governance of the marine environment; 286. Notes with appreciation the contribution to marine biodiversity research of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System, a free and open-access data holding and sharing facility, hosted by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; 287. Welcomes the increasing attention being focused on oceans as a potential source of renewable energy, and notes in this regard the summary of discussions of the Informal Consultative Process at its thirteenth meeting; 119 288. Stresses the importance of increasing the scientific understanding of the oceans-atmosphere interface, including through participation in ocean observing programmes and geographic information systems, such as the Global Ocean Observing System, sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Meteorological Organization and the International Council for Science, particularly considering their role in monitoring and forecasting climate change and variability and in the establishment and operation of tsunami warning systems; 289. Welcomes the progress made by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and Member States towards the establishment and operation of regional and national tsunami warning and mitigation systems, also welcomes the continued collaboration of the United Nations and other intergovernmental organizations in this effort, further welcomes the development and recent dissemination of the new Enhanced Tsunami Products for the Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System and the development of Enhanced Tsunami Products for the Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions, which will assist countries in the Pacific and the Caribbean to assess tsunami threats and issue warnings, and encourages Member States to establish and sustain their national warning and mitigation systems, within a global, ocean-related multi-hazard approach, as necessary, to reduce loss of life and damage to national economies and strengthen the resilience of coastal communities to natural disasters; 290. Stresses the need for continued efforts in developing mitigation and preparedness measures for natural disasters, particularly following tsunami events caused by earthquakes, such as the 11 March 2011 event in Japan; 291. Urges States to take necessary action and to cooperate in relevant organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization, to address damage to ocean data buoys deployed and operated in accordance with international law, including through education and outreach about the importance and purpose of these buoys and by strengthening these buoys against such damage and increasing reporting of such damage; 292. Decides to proclaim the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development for the 10-year period beginning on 1 January 2021, within existing structures and available resources, and calls upon the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission to prepare an implementation plan for the Decade in consultation with Member States, specialized agencies, funds, programmes and __________________ 119 A/67/120. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 47/55 17-21819 bodies of the United Nations, as well as other intergovernmental organizations, non- governmental organizations and relevant stakeholders; 293. Requests that the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission provide information on the development of the implementation plan and regularly consult with, and report to, Member States on the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science and its implementation; 294. Invites the Secretary-General to inform the General Assembly on the implementation of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science through his report on oceans and the law of the sea, on the basis of information to be provided by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; 295. Invites UN-Oceans and its participants to collaborate with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission on the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science; XII Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects 296. Reiterates the need to strengthen the regular scientific assessment of the state of the marine environment in order to enhance the scientific basis for policymaking; 297. Reaffirms the principles guiding the Regular Process and its objective and scope as agreed upon at the first meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole in 2009; 298. Recalls that the Regular Process, as established under the United Nations, is accountable to the General Assembly and is an intergovernmental process guided by international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other applicable international instruments, and takes into account relevant Assembly resolutions; 299. Reaffirms the importance of the first World Ocean Assessment as the outcome of the first cycle of the Regular Process; 300. Notes with concern the findings of the first World Ocean Assessment that the world’s ocean is facing major pressures simultaneously with such great impacts that the limits of its carrying capacity are being, or, in some cases, have been reached, and that delays in implementing solutions to the problems that have already been identified as threatening to degrade the world’s ocean will lead, unnecessarily, to incurring greater environmental, social and economic cost; 301. Recalls the importance of making Governments, United Nations system organizations, bodies, funds and programmes, intergovernmental organizations, the scientific community and the general public aware of the first World Ocean Assessment and the Regular Process, and recognizes with appreciation the activities undertaken in this regard during various intergovernmental meetings, including the United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14, in particular those of the secretariat of the Regular Process; 302. Also recalls that, in the first cycle, the scope of the Regular Process focused on establishing a baseline, and decides that the scope of the second cycle will extend to evaluating trends and identifying gaps; 303. Welcomes the holding of the eighth and ninth meetings of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole, on 17 and 18 April 2017 and from 6 to 8 September 2017, respectively, in accordance with paragraph 317 of resolution 71/257; A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 48/55 304. Takes note of the recommendations and guidance adopted by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole at its eighth meeting, and endorses the recommendations adopted by the Working Group at its ninth meeting;3 305. Takes note with appreciation of the technical abstracts of the first World Ocean Assessment on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction; the ocean and the Sustainable Development Goals under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; and the impacts of climate change and related changes in the atmosphere on the oceans, prepared in accordance with the programme of work for the period 2017–2020 for the second cycle of the Regular Process; 306. Notes with appreciation that advance unedited copies of the technical abstracts were made available to the Preparatory Committee established by resolution 69/292, the eighteenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process and the United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14; 307. Recognizes with appreciation the work of the members of the Group of Experts of the Regular Process with respect to the preparation of the technical abstracts, as well as the contribution of a number of members from the writing teams of the Pool of Experts of the first cycle of the Regular Process, in accordance with paragraph 309 of resolution 71/257, to this exercise; 308. Recalls that the Regular Process shall be overseen and guided by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole, and decides that the Ad Hoc Working Group shall facilitate the delivery of the outputs of the second cycle as outlined in the programme of work for the period 2017–2020 for the second cycle of the Regular Process; 309. Recognizes with appreciation the important role of the Co-Chairs and the Bureau of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole in providing guidance during the intersessional periods, including in operationalizing the second cycle of the Regular Process; 310. Requests the Bureau to continue to implement the decisions and guidance of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole during the intersessional period, including by providing oversight of the delivery of the programme of work for the period 2017–2020 for the second cycle of the Regular Process; 311. Notes the endorsement by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole of the terms of reference and working methods of the Group of Experts for the second cycle of the Regular Process, prepared in accordance with paragraph 310 of resolution 71/257;120 312. Takes note of the mechanism for the establishment of the Pool of Experts for the second cycle of the Regular Process121 developed by the Bureau of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole in accordance with paragraph 311 of resolution 71/257, and encourages the appointment of experts to the Pool of Experts in accordance with the mechanism; 313. Welcomes the expressions of interest of individuals who served in the Pool of Experts during the first cycle of the Regular Process to serve in the Pool of Experts for the second cycle; __________________ 120 A/72/89, annex. 121 A/72/494, annex I. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 49/55 17-21819 314. Takes note of the terms of reference for national focal points developed by the Bureau of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole;122 315. Welcomes the designation by States of national focal points pursuant to paragraph 312 of resolution 71/257, and urges States that have not yet done so to designate their national focal points as soon as possible; 316. Urges regional groups that have not yet done so to appoint experts to the Group of Experts in accordance with paragraph 287 of resolution 70/235, taking into account the need to ensure geographical distribution and adequate expertise in socioeconomic disciplines; 317. Notes the adoption by the Bureau of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole of guidelines to assist the first round of workshops of the second cycle of the Regular Process,123 finalized by the Group of Experts in consultation with the Bureau of the Ad Hoc Working Group and the secretariat of the Regular Process; 318. Welcomes the holding of the workshops in support of the Regular Process in Lisbon in September 2017, in Auckland, New Zealand, in October 2017, in Camboriú, Brazil, in November 2017, in Bangkok in November 2017 and in Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania, in December 2017; 319. Notes the elements for discussion on the shape and structure of the assessment or assessments to be carried out in the second cycle of the Regular Process prepared by the Group of Experts, in accordance with the programme of work, and decides that, in the elaboration of an outline, the Group of Experts should proceed on the basis of the preparation of a single comprehensive assessment; 320. Recalls the crucial importance of the Regular Process for ongoing ocean- related intergovernmental processes and its possible inputs, including for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the development of an international legally binding instrument, under the Convention, on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Informal Consultative Process, as outlined in the programme of work for the period 2017–2020 for the second cycle of the Regular Process; 321. Also recalls the importance of ensuring that assessments, such as those included in the Global Sustainable Development Report and those prepared under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and the Regular Process, support one another and avoid unnecessary duplication, and also recalls the importance of compatibility and synergies between such assessments and assessments at the regional level; 322. Requests intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to provide information on recent and ongoing assessments and other processes at the regional and global levels relevant to the Regular Process in order for the secretariat to update the inventory of recent and ongoing assessments and other processes at the regional and global levels relevant to the Regular Process; 323. Takes note of the guidance for contributors, part I, prepared by the Group of Experts pursuant to paragraph 310 of resolution 71/257;124 324. Takes note with appreciation of the work undertaken thus far by the secretariat in compiling a capacity-building inventory of needs and opportunities __________________ 122 Ibid., annex II. 123 Ibid., annex III. 124 See A/72/494, annex IV. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 50/55 relevant for the Regular Process, in accordance with the programme of work, based on information contributed by relevant United Nations system organizations, bodies, funds and programmes and by relevant intergovernmental organizations; 325. Invites States and non-governmental organizations, as well as intergovernmental organizations that have not already done so, to provide relevant information for inclusion in the capacity-building inventory of needs and opportunities relevant for the Regular Process being compiled and maintained by the secretariat; 326. Recalls its invitation, in paragraph 313 of resolution 71/257, to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Maritime Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Meteorological Organization and relevant United Nations system organizations, bodies, funds and programmes, as appropriate, to assist in the implementation of the second cycle of the Regular Process with regard to the following activities: awareness-raising, the identification of experts for the Pool of Experts, technical and scientific support for the Bureau and the Group of Experts, hosting workshops and meetings of the writing teams, capacity-building and the scoping process for the assessment; 327. Welcomes the adoption by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission at its twenty-ninth session, from 21 to 29 June 2017, of decision IOC-XXIX/8.2, in particular regarding the provision of technical and scientific support to the second cycle of the Regular Process in accordance with the guidance of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole; 328. Recalls its invitation, in paragraph 314 of resolution 71/257, to relevant intergovernmental organizations to contribute, as appropriate, to the activities of the second cycle; 329. Urges States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make financial contributions to the voluntary trust fund125 and to make other contributions to the Regular Process; 330. Requests the Secretary-General to convene, in 2018, two meetings of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole of no more than four days total duration, the tenth meeting on 28 February and 1 March 2018 to approve the outline of the assessment, and the eleventh meeting on 23 and 24 August 2018, with a view to providing recommendations to the General Assembly at its seventy-third session on the preparation of the assessment to be carried out in the second cycle and on the implementation of the second cycle, and encourages the widest possible attendance of participants in the Ad Hoc Working Group; XIII Regional cooperation 331. Notes with appreciation efforts and initiatives at the regional level, in various regions, to further the implementation of the Convention and to respond, including through capacity-building, to issues related to maritime safety and security, the conservation and sustainable use of living marine resources, the protection and preservation of the marine environment and the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity; __________________ 125 See resolution 69/245, para. 278. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 51/55 17-21819 332. Invites States and international organizations to enhance their cooperation to better protect the marine environment; 333. Notes the Caribbean-focused Assistance Fund, which is intended to facilitate, mainly through technical assistance, the voluntary undertaking of maritime delimitation negotiations between Caribbean States, notes once again the Fund for Peace: Peaceful Settlement of Territorial Disputes, established by the General Assembly of the Organization of American States in 2000 as a primary mechanism, given its broader regional scope, for the prevention and resolution of pending territorial, land border and maritime boundary disputes, and calls upon States and others in a position to do so to contribute to these funds; 334. Welcomes the adoption of the outcome document of the third International Conference on Small Island Developing States, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway126 and the new modalities set forth for strengthened action on a range of small island developing States challenges and priorities, including challenges related to the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, and the preservation of the marine environment, and reaffirms its commitment to work with small island developing States towards full implementation of the Samoa Pathway to ensure its success; 335. Recognizes the results of the International Polar Year, 2007–2008 with particular emphasis on new knowledge about the linkages between environmental change in the polar regions and global climate systems, and encourages States and scientific communities to strengthen their cooperation in this respect; 336. Acknowledges the important contributions to scientific understanding of the marine environment and its resources, as well as the scientific advice for their sustainable use, provided by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea in its wide-ranging cooperation with organizations at the regional level under the Convention for the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 1964;127 337. Welcomes regional cooperation, and in this regard notes the Pacific Oceanscape Framework as an initiative to enhance cooperation among coastal States in the Pacific island region to foster marine conservation and sustainable development; 338. Notes with appreciation the various cooperative efforts displayed by States at the regional and subregional levels, and in this regard welcomes initiatives, such as the Integrated Assessment and Management of the Gulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem; 339. Acknowledges relevant cooperation among the members of the Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic; 340. Recalls the decision of the Assembly of the African Union in January 2015 to adopt Agenda 2063, also recalls that the African Union launched the Decade of African Seas and Oceans (2015–2025), and notes that the African Day of the Seas and Oceans is to be celebrated annually on 25 July; 341. Notes the adoption of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014–2024 by the second United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries, held in Vienna from 3 to 5 November 2014,128 following the comprehensive 10-year review of the implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action: Addressing the Special Needs __________________ 126 Resolution 69/15, annex. 127 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 652, No. 9344. 128 Resolution 69/137, annex II. A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 52/55 of Landlocked Developing Countries within a New Global Framework for Transit Transport Cooperation for Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries,129 and also notes the need for cooperation to address the development needs and challenges faced by landlocked developing countries associated with, inter alia, their lack of direct territorial access to the sea, remoteness and isolation from world markets, in line with the objectives of the Vienna Programme of Action; 342. Also notes the efforts of the Sargasso Sea Commission, led by the Government of Bermuda, to raise awareness of the ecological significance of the Sargasso Sea; 343. Further notes the adoption of the Arctic Council Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation; 344. Notes the cooperation between the OSPAR Commission established by the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic and the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission; XIV Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea 345. Welcomes the report of the Co-Chairs on the work of the Informal Consultative Process at its eighteenth meeting, which focused on the theme of the effects of climate change on oceans;4 346. Recognizes the role of the Informal Consultative Process as a unique forum for comprehensive discussions on issues related to oceans and the law of the sea, consistent with the framework provided by the Convention and chapter 17 of Agenda 21,7 and that the perspective of the three pillars of sustainable development should be further enhanced in the examination of the selected topics; 347. Welcomes the work of the Informal Consultative Process and its contribution to improving coordination and cooperation between States and strengthening the annual debate of the General Assembly on oceans and the law of the sea by effectively drawing attention to key issues and current trends; 348. Also welcomes efforts to improve and focus the work of the Informal Consultative Process, and in that respect recognizes the primary role of the Informal Consultative Process in integrating knowledge, the exchange of opinions among multiple stakeholders and coordination among competent agencies, and enhancing awareness of topics, including emerging issues, while promoting the three pillars of sustainable development, and recommends that the Informal Consultative Process devise a transparent, objective and inclusive process for the selection of topics and panellists so as to facilitate the work of the General Assembly during informal consultations concerning the annual resolution on oceans and the law of the sea; 349. Recalls the need to strengthen and improve the efficiency of the Informal Consultative Process, and encourages States, intergovernmental organizations and programmes to provide guidance to the Co-Chairs to this effect, particularly before and during the preparatory meeting for the Informal Consultative Process; 350. Also recalls that a further review of the effectiveness and utility of the Informal Consultative Process will be undertaken by the General Assembly at its seventy-third session; __________________ 129 Report of the International Ministerial Conference of Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries and International Financial and Development Institutions on Transit Transport Cooperation, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 28 and 29 August 2003 (A/CONF.202/3), annex I. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 53/55 17-21819 351. Requests the Secretary-General to convene, in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of resolution 54/33, the nineteenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process, in New York from 18 to 22 June 2018, to provide it with the facilities necessary for the performance of its work, including documentation, and to arrange for support to be provided by the Division, in cooperation with other relevant parts of the Secretariat, as appropriate; 352. Expresses its continued serious concern regarding the lack of resources available in the voluntary trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 for the purpose of assisting developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing States, in attending the meetings of the Informal Consultative Process, and urges States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make additional contributions to the trust fund; 353. Decides that those representatives from developing countries who are invited by the Co-Chairs, in consultation with Governments, to make presentations during the meetings of the Informal Consultative Process shall receive priority consideration in the disbursement of funds from the voluntary trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 in order to cover the costs of their travel, and shall also be eligible to receive daily subsistence allowance subject to the availability of funds after the travel costs of all other eligible representatives from those countries mentioned in paragraph 352 above have been covered; 354. Recalls its decision that, in its deliberations on the report of the Secretary- General on oceans and the law of the sea, the Informal Consultative Process shall focus its discussions at its nineteenth meeting, in 2018, on the theme “Anthropogenic underwater noise”; XV Coordination and cooperation 355. Encourages States to work closely with and through international organizations, funds and programmes, as well as the specialized agencies of the United Nations system and relevant international conventions, to identify emerging areas of focus for improved coordination and cooperation and how best to address these issues; 356. Expresses its concern at the desecration of graves at sea and the looting of wrecks of ships constituting such graves, and calls upon States to cooperate, as appropriate, to prevent the looting and desecration of wrecks of ships constituting graves in order to ensure that proper respect is given to all human remains located in maritime waters, consistent with international law, including, as appropriate, the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, among parties thereto; 357. Encourages bodies established by the Convention to strengthen coordination and cooperation, as appropriate, in fulfilling their respective mandates; 358. Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of heads of intergovernmental organizations, the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations engaged in activities relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea, as well as funding institutions, and underlines the importance of their constructive and timely input for the report of the Secretary-General on oceans and the law of the sea and of their participation in relevant meetings and processes; A/RES/72/73 Oceans and the law of the sea 17-21819 54/55 359. Welcomes the work done by the secretariats of relevant United Nations specialized agencies, programmes, funds and bodies and the secretariats of related organizations and conventions to enhance inter-agency coordination and cooperation on ocean issues, including, where appropriate, through UN-Oceans, the inter-agency coordination mechanism on ocean and coastal issues within the United Nations system; 360. Recognizes the work undertaken by UN-Oceans, in particular the inventory of mandates, under the revised terms of reference for the work of UN-Oceans, and with the United Nations Legal Counsel/Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea as the focal point of UN-Oceans, and, as an interim measure, in this regard invites States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make financial earmarked contributions to the trust fund established by the Secretary-General for the Office of Legal Affairs to support the promotion of international law, and authorizes the Secretary-General to disburse funds from such contributions to that trust fund for the purposes of the maintenance of an online searchable database for an inventory of the mandates of UN-Oceans members and priorities approved by the respective governing bodies of the participating organizations of UN-Oceans, with a view to identifying possible areas of collaboration and synergy, as well as for travel associated with the performance of the functions of the focal point; 361. Decides to defer the review of the terms of reference for the work of UN-Oceans until its seventy-third session; XVI Activities of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea 362. Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for the annual report on oceans and the law of the sea, prepared by the Division, as well as for the other activities of the Division, which reflect the high standard of assistance provided to Member States by the Division; 363. Notes with satisfaction the ninth observance by the United Nations of World Oceans Day in 2017,130 recognizes with appreciation the efforts deployed by the Division in organizing its celebration in the context of the commemorative event held during the United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14, and invites the Division to continue to promote and facilitate international cooperation on the law of the sea and ocean affairs in the context of the future observance of World Oceans Day, as well as through its participation in other events; 364. Recalls the responsibilities and functions entrusted to the Secretary- General in the Convention and in the related resolutions of the General Assembly, including resolutions 49/28 and 52/26, notes the increased number of requests to the Division for additional outputs and servicing of meetings and in relation to the support to be provided by the Division as secretariat of the Regular Process during the second cycle of the Regular Process, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure the allocation of appropriate resources to the Division for the performance of its activities under the approved budget for the Organization; 365. Requests the Secretary-General to continue the publication activities of the Division, in particular through the publication of The Law of the Sea: A Select Bibliography and the Law of the Sea Bulletin; __________________ 130 By its resolution 63/111, the General Assembly designated 8 June as World Oceans Day. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/72/73 55/55 17-21819 XVII Seventy-third session of the General Assembly 366. Requests the Secretary-General to prepare a report for consideration by the General Assembly at its seventy-third session on developments and issues relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea, including the implementation of the present resolution, in accordance with resolutions 49/28, 52/26 and 54/33, and to prepare a separate report on the topic that is the focus of the nineteenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process; 367. Emphasizes the critical role of the annual report of the Secretary-General, which integrates information on developments relating to the implementation of the Convention and the work of the Organization, its specialized agencies and other institutions in the field of ocean affairs and the law of the sea at the global and regional levels, and as a result constitutes the basis for the annual consideration and review of developments relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea by the General Assembly as the global institution having the competence to undertake such a review; 368. Notes that the reports referred to in paragraph 366 above will also be submitted to States Parties pursuant to article 319 of the Convention regarding issues of a general nature that have arisen with respect to the Convention; 369. Also notes the desire to further improve the efficiency of and effective participation of delegations in the informal consultations concerning the annual General Assembly resolution on oceans and the law of the sea, decides that the period of the informal consultations on that resolution should not exceed a maximum of two weeks in total and that the consultations should be scheduled in such a way that the Division has sufficient time to produce the report referred to in paragraph 366 above, requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide support to the consultations through the Division, and invites States to submit text proposals for inclusion in the resolution to the Coordinator of the informal consultations at the earliest possible date; 370. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-third session the item entitled “Oceans and the law of the sea”.
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A/RES/72/92
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2017 [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/72/453)] 72/92. Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories The General Assembly, Having considered the item entitled “Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories”, Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2017 relating to the item, 1 Recalling its resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, as well as all other relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, including, in particular, resolutions 46/181 of 19 December 1991, 55/146 of 8 December 2000 and 65/119 of 10 December 2010, Reaffirming the solemn obligation of the administering Powers under the Charter of the United Nations to promote the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the Territories under their administration and to protect the human and natural resources of those Territories against abuses, Reaffirming also that any economic or other activity, including the use of the Non-Self-Governing Territories for military activity, that has a negative impact on the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and on the exercise of their right to self-determination in conformity with the Charter, General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and the other relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization is contrary to the purposes and principles of the Charter, __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/72/23), chap. VI. A/RES/72/92 Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories 17-22124 2/4 Reaffirming further that the natural resources are the heritage of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, including the indigenous populations, Taking into account General Assembly resolution 1803 (XVII) of 14 December 1962 regarding the sovereignty of peoples over their natural wealth and resources in accordance with the Charter and the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization, Aware of the special circumstances of the geographical location, size and economic conditions of each Territory, and bearing in mind the need to promote the stability, diversification and strengthening of the economy of each Territory, Conscious of the particular vulnerability of the small Territories to natural disasters and environmental degradation, Expressing its deep concern at the number and scale of natural disasters and their devastating impact in 2017 in the Non-Self-Governing Territories in the Caribbean Sea, resulting in the loss of life and negative economic, social and environmental consequences for their vulnerable societies, hampering the achievement of sustainable development in these Territories, in particular in Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, the Turks and Caicos Islands and the United States Virgin Islands, as well as in Puerto Rico, whose situation is addressed in the Special Committee, Stressing the importance of inclusiveness within the United Nations development system and with respect to the implementation of relevant General Assembly resolutions, including resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, and resolution 71/226 of 21 December 2016 on disaster risk reduction, Conscious that foreign economic investment, when undertaken in collaboration with the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and in accordance with their wishes, could make a valid contribution to the socioeconomic development of the Territories and also to the exercise of their right to self- determination in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, Concerned about any activities aimed at exploiting the natural and human resources of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to the detriment of the interests of the inhabitants of those Territories, Bearing in mind the relevant provisions of the final documents of the successive Conferences of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries and of the resolutions adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union, the Pacific Islands Forum and the Caribbean Community, 1. Reaffirms the right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to self-determination in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations and with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and with other relevant resolutions of the United Nations, as well as their right to the enjoyment of their natural resources and their right to dispose of those resources in their best interest; 2. Affirms the value of foreign economic investment undertaken in collaboration with the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and in accordance with their wishes in order to make a valid contribution to the socioeconomic development of the Territories, especially during times of economic and financial crisis; 3. Reaffirms the responsibility of the administering Powers under the Charter to promote the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and reaffirms the legitimate rights of their peoples over their natural resources; Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories A/RES/72/92 3/4 17-22124 4. Reaffirms its concern about any activities aimed at the exploitation of the natural resources that are the heritage of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, including the indigenous populations, in the Caribbean, the Pacific and other regions, and of their human resources, to the detriment of their interests, and in such a way as to deprive them of their right to dispose of those resources; 5. Reaffirms the need to avoid any economic or other activities, including the use of the Non-Self-Governing Territories for military activity, that adversely affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and in this regard reminds the administering Powers of their responsibility and accountability vis-à-vis any detriment to the interests of the peoples of those Territories, in accordance with relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization; 6. Calls once again upon all Governments that have not yet done so to take, in accordance with the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution 2621 (XXV) of 12 October 1970, legislative, administrative or other measures in respect of their nationals and the bodies corporate under their jurisdiction that own and operate enterprises in the Non-Self-Governing Territories that are detrimental to the interests of the inhabitants of those Territories, in order to put an end to such enterprises; 7. Calls upon the administering Powers to ensure that the exploitation of the marine and other natural resources in the Non-Self-Governing Territories under their administration is not in violation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, and does not adversely affect the interests of the peoples of those Territories; 8. Invites all Governments and organizations of the United Nations system to take all possible measures to ensure that the permanent sovereignty of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories over their natural resources is fully respected and safeguarded in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization; 9. Urges the administering Powers concerned to take effective measures to safeguard and guarantee the inalienable right of the peoples of the Non-Self- Governing Territories to their natural resources and to establish and maintain control over the future development of those resources, and requests the administering Powers to take all steps necessary to protect the property rights of the peoples of those Territories in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization; 10. Calls upon the administering Powers concerned to ensure that no discriminatory working conditions prevail in the Territories under their administration and to promote in each Territory a fair system of wages applicable to all the inhabitants without any discrimination; 11. Also calls upon the administering Powers concerned to provide all the necessary assistance to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories affected by the hurricanes in order to alleviate the humanitarian needs in the affected communities, support the recovery and rebuilding efforts and enhance capabilities for emergency preparedness and risk reduction; 12. Encourages the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and regional organizations to continue to provide assistance to the Non-Self-Governing Territories affected by the hurricanes and other natural disasters and to formulate appropriate programmes to support emergency response and recovery and rebuilding efforts, and requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly on this matter; A/RES/72/92 Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories 17-22124 4/4 13. Requests the Secretary-General to continue, through all means at his disposal, to inform world public opinion of any activity that affects the exercise of the right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to self-determination in conformity with the Charter, General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and the other relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization; 14. Appeals to trade unions and non-governmental organizations, as well as individuals, to continue their efforts to promote the economic well-being of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and also appeals to the media to disseminate information about the developments in this regard; 15. Decides to follow the situation in the Non-Self-Governing Territories so as to ensure that all economic activities in those Territories are aimed at strengthening and diversifying their economies in the interest of their peoples, in particular the indigenous populations, and at promoting the economic and financial viability of those Territories; 16. Requests the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to examine this question and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its seventy-third session.
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A/RES/72/93
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2017 [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/72/454)] 72/93. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations The General Assembly, Having considered the item entitled “Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations”, Having also considered the report of the Secretary-General1 and the report of the Economic and Social Council2 on the item, Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2017 relating to the item, 3 Recalling its resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 and 1541 (XV) of 15 December 1960 and the resolutions of the Special Committee, as well as other relevant resolutions and decisions, including, in particular, Economic and Social Council resolutions 2015/16 of 20 July 2015 and 2016/20 of 27 July 2016, Bearing in mind the relevant provisions of the final documents of the successive Conferences of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries and of the resolutions adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union, the Pacific Islands Forum and the Caribbean Community, __________________ 1 A/72/69. 2 E/2017/59. 3 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/72/23), chap. VII. A/RES/72/93 Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations 17-22125 2/5 Conscious of the need to facilitate the implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in resolution 1514 (XV), Noting that the large majority of the remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories are small island Territories, Welcoming the assistance extended to Non-Self-Governing Territories by certain specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Development Programme, Welcoming also the participation in the capacity of observers of those Non-Self-Governing Territories that are associate members of regional commissions in the world conferences in the economic and social spheres, subject to the rules of procedure of the General Assembly and in accordance with relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations, including resolutions and decisions of the Assembly and the Special Committee on specific Territories, Noting that only some specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system have been involved in providing assistance to Non-Self- Governing Territories, Stressing that, because the development options of the small island Non-Self- Governing Territories are limited, there are special challenges to planning for and implementing sustainable development and that those Territories will be constrained in meeting those challenges without the continuing cooperation and assistance of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, Stressing also the importance of securing the resources necessary for funding expanded programmes of assistance for the peoples concerned and the need to enlist the support of all major funding institutions within the United Nations system in that regard, Reaffirming the mandates of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to take all appropriate measures, within their respective responsibilities, to ensure the full implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions, Expressing its appreciation to the African Union, the Pacific Islands Forum, the Caribbean Community and other regional organizations for the continued cooperation and assistance that they have extended to the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in this regard, Expressing its conviction that closer contacts and consultations between and among the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and regional organizations help to facilitate the effective formulation of programmes of assistance to the peoples concerned, Mindful of the imperative need to keep under continuous review the activities of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in the implementation of the various resolutions and decisions of the United Nations relating to decolonization, Bearing in mind the extremely fragile economies of the small island Non-Self- Governing Territories and their vulnerability to natural disasters, such as hurricanes, cyclones and sea level rise, and recalling the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 71/104 of 6 December 2016 on the implementation of the Declaration by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations, Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations A/RES/72/93 3/5 17-22125 Welcoming the attendance of the United Nations Children’s Fund, the United Nations Development Programme, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and other specialized agencies and international institutions associated with the United Nations at the Caribbean regional seminar held in Kingstown from 16 to 18 May 2017, and encouraging further participation by specialized agencies and institutions associated with the United Nations in the future regional seminars of the Special Committee, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;1 2. Recommends that all States intensify their efforts through the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system of which they are members to ensure the full and effective implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations; 3. Reaffirms that the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system should continue to be guided by the relevant resolutions of the United Nations in their efforts to contribute to the implementation of the Declaration and all other relevant resolutions of the General Assembly; 4. Also reaffirms that the recognition by the General Assembly, the Security Council and other United Nations organs of the legitimacy of the aspirations of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to exercise their right to self- determination entails, as a corollary, the extension of all appropriate assistance to those peoples; 5. Expresses its appreciation to those specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system that have continued to cooperate with the United Nations and the regional and subregional organizations in the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations, and requests all the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to implement the relevant provisions of those resolutions; 6. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to intensify their engagement with the work of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples as an important element for the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), including participation in the regional seminars on decolonization, upon the invitation of the Special Committee; 7. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and international and regional organizations to examine and review conditions in each Territory so as to take appropriate measures to accelerate progress in the economic and social sectors of the Territories; 8. Urges those specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system that have not yet provided assistance to Non-Self-Governing Territories to do so as soon as possible; 9. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system and regional organizations to strengthen existing measures of support and formulate appropriate programmes of assistance to the remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories, within the framework of their respective mandates, in order to accelerate progress in the economic and social sectors of those Territories; A/RES/72/93 Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations 17-22125 4/5 10. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system concerned to provide information on: (a) Environmental problems facing the Non-Self-Governing Territories; (b) The impact of natural disasters, such as hurricanes and volcanic eruptions, and other environmental problems, such as beach and coastal erosion and droughts, on those Territories; (c) Ways and means to assist the Territories to fight drug trafficking, money- laundering and other illegal and criminal activities; (d) Illegal exploitation of the marine and other natural resources of the Territories and the need to utilize those resources for the benefit of the peoples of the Territories; 11. Recommends that the executive heads of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system formulate, with the active cooperation of the regional organizations concerned, concrete proposals for the full implementation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations and submit the proposals to their governing and legislative organs; 12. Also recommends that the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system continue to review at the regular meetings of their governing bodies the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations; 13. Recalls the adoption by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean of its resolution 574 (XXVII) of 16 May 1998,4 calling for the necessary mechanisms for its associate members, including Non-Self-Governing Territories, to participate in the special sessions of the General Assembly, subject to the rules of procedure of the Assembly, to review and assess the implementation of the plans of action of those United Nations world conferences in which the Territories originally participated in the capacity of observer, and in the work of the Economic and Social Council and its subsidiary bodies; 14. Requests the Chair of the Special Committee to deepen cooperation with the President of the Economic and Social Council on the identical agenda items of both bodies on assistance to the Non-Self-Governing Territories, through regular consultations, in accordance with relevant resolutions on decolonization; 15. Recalls the publication by the Department of Public Information and the Department of Political Affairs of the Secretariat, in consultation with the United Nations Development Programme, the specialized agencies and the Special Committee, of an information leaflet on assistance programmes available to the Non-Self-Governing Territories, which was updated for the United Nations website on decolonization, and requests its continued updating and wide dissemination; 16. Welcomes the continuing efforts made by the United Nations Development Programme in maintaining close liaison among the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, including the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, and in providing assistance to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories; __________________ 4 See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1998, Supplement No. 21 (E/1998/41), sect. III.G. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations A/RES/72/93 5/5 17-22125 17. Encourages the Non-Self-Governing Territories to take steps to establish and/or strengthen disaster preparedness and management institutions and policies, inter alia, with the assistance of the relevant specialized agencies; 18. Requests the administering Powers concerned to facilitate, when appropriate, the participation of appointed and elected representatives of Non-Self- Governing Territories in the relevant meetings and conferences of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in accordance with relevant resolutions and decisions of the United Nations, including resolutions and decisions of the General Assembly and the Special Committee on specific Territories, so that the Territories may benefit from the related activities of those agencies and organizations; 19. Recommends that all Governments intensify their efforts through the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system of which they are members to accord priority to the question of providing assistance to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories; 20. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to assist the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in working out appropriate measures for implementing the relevant resolutions of the United Nations and to prepare for submission to the relevant bodies, with the assistance of those agencies and organizations, a report on the action taken in implementation of the relevant resolutions, including the present resolution, since the circulation of his previous report; 21. Commends the Economic and Social Council for its debate and resolution on this question, and requests it to continue to consider and intensify its cooperation with the Special Committee, with the aim of developing appropriate measures for the further coordination of the policies and activities of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in implementing the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly; 22. Requests the specialized agencies to report annually to the Secretary- General on the implementation of the present resolution; 23. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit the present resolution to the governing bodies of the appropriate specialized agencies and international institutions associated with the United Nations so that those bodies may take the measures necessary to implement it, and also requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-third session on the implementation of the present resolution; 24. Requests the Special Committee to continue to examine the question and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its seventy-third session.
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A/RES/73/123
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2018 [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/73/532)] 73/123. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples The General Assembly, Having examined the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2018,1 Recalling its resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and all its subsequent resolutions concerning the implementation of the Declaration, the most recent of which was resolution 72/111 of 7 December 2017, as well as the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, Bearing in mind its resolution 65/119 of 10 December 2010, by which it declared the period 2011–2020 the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, and the need to examine ways and means to ascertain the wishes of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories on the basis of resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions on decolonization, Recognizing that the eradication of colonialism has been one of the priorities of the United Nations and continues to be one of its priorities for the decade that began in 2011, Regretting that measures to eliminate colonialism by 2010, as called for in its resolution 55/146 of 8 December 2000, have not been successful, Reiterating its conviction of the need for the eradication of colonialism, as well as racial discrimination and violations of basic human rights, __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-third Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/73/23). A/RES/73/123 Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples 18-21511 2/4 Noting with satisfaction the continued efforts of the Special Committee in contributing to the effective and complete implementation of the Declaration and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization, Stressing the importance of the formal participation of all administering Powers in the work of the Special Committee with regard to the relevant Territories under their administration in accordance with Article 73 of the Charter of the United Nations, Noting with satisfaction the cooperation and active participation of certain administering Powers in the work of the Special Committee, and encouraging the others also to do so, Noting that the Pacific regional seminar was held in Saint George’s from 9 to 11 May 2018, 1. Reaffirms its resolution 1514 (XV) and all other resolutions and decisions on decolonization, including its resolution 65/119, by which it declared the period 2011–2020 the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, and calls upon the administering Powers, in accordance with those resolutions, to take all steps necessary to enable the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to exercise fully as soon as possible their right to self-determination, including independence, on a case-by-case basis; 2. Reaffirms once again that the existence of colonialism in any form or manifestation, including economic exploitation, is incompatible with the Charter of the United Nations, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; 2 3. Reaffirms its determination to continue to take all steps necessary to bring about the complete and speedy eradication of colonialism and the faithful observance by all States of the relevant provisions of the Charter, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; 4. Affirms its support once again for the aspirations of the peoples under colonial rule to exercise their right to self-determination, including independence, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization; 5. Calls upon the administering Power of each Territory on the agenda of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to cooperate fully in the work of the Special Committee and to participate formally in its future sessions and seminars; 6. Calls upon the administering Powers to cooperate fully with the Special Committee to develop and finalize, as soon as possible, a constructive programme of work on a case-by-case basis for the Non-Self-Governing Territories to facilitate the implementation of the mandate of the Special Committee and the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories; 7. Recalls with satisfaction the professional, open and transparent conduct of both the February 2006 and the October 2007 referendums to determine the future status of Tokelau, monitored by the United Nations; 8. Requests the Special Committee to continue to seek suitable means for the immediate and full implementation of the Declaration and to carry out the actions approved by the General Assembly regarding the Second and Third International __________________ 2 Resolution 217 A (III). Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples A/RES/73/123 3/4 18-21511 Decades for the Eradication of Colonialism in all Territories that have not yet exercised their right to self-determination, including independence, and in particular: (a) To formulate specific proposals to bring about an end to colonialism and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session; (b) To continue to examine the implementation by Member States of resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions on decolonization; (c) To continue to examine the political, economic and social situation in the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and to recommend to the General Assembly, as appropriate, the most suitable steps to be taken to enable the populations of those Territories to exercise their right to self-determination, including independence, in accordance with the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories; (d) To develop and finalize, as soon as possible and in cooperation with the administering Power and the Territory in question, a constructive programme of work on a case-by-case basis for the Non-Self-Governing Territories, to facilitate the implementation of the mandate of the Special Committee and the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories; (e) To continue to dispatch visiting and special missions to the Non-Self- Governing Territories in accordance with the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories; (f) To conduct seminars, as appropriate, for the purpose of receiving and disseminating information on the work of the Special Committee, and to facilitate participation by the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in those seminars; (g) To take all steps necessary to enlist worldwide support among Governments, as well as national and international organizations, for the achievement of the objectives of the Declaration and the implementation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations; (h) To observe annually the Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self- Governing Territories; 9. Calls upon the administering Powers to continue to cooperate with the Special Committee in the discharge of its mandate and, inter alia, to facilitate visiting missions of the Committee to the Territories on a case-by-case basis and in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions on specific Territories; 10. Reaffirms that the United Nations visiting missions to the Non-Self- Governing Territories, where applicable, are an effective means of ascertaining the situation of the peoples of the Territories, in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions on specific Territories, and therefore requests the Special Committee to undertake at least one visiting mission a year; 11. Recalls that the plan of action for the Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism,3 updated as necessary, represents an important legislative authority for the attainment of self-government by the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and that the case-by-case assessment of the attainment of self-government in each Territory can make an important contribution to this process; 12. Calls upon all States, in particular the administering Powers, as well as the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, to give __________________ 3 A/56/61, annex. A/RES/73/123 Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples 18-21511 4/4 effect within their respective spheres of competence to the recommendations of the Special Committee for the implementation of the Declaration and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations; 13. Calls upon the administering Powers to ensure that economic and other activities in the Non-Self-Governing Territories under their administration do not adversely affect the interests of the peoples but instead promote development, and to assist them in the exercise of their right to self-determination; 14. Calls upon the administering Powers concerned to terminate military activities and eliminate military bases in the Non-Self-Governing Territories under their administration in compliance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly; 15. Urges the administering Powers to take effective measures to safeguard and guarantee the inalienable rights of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to their natural resources and to establish and maintain control over the future development of those resources, and requests the relevant administering Powers to take all steps necessary to protect the property rights of the peoples of those Territories; 16. Urges all States, directly and through their action in the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, to provide moral and material assistance, as needed, to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and requests the administering Powers to take steps to enlist and make effective use of all possible assistance, on both a bilateral and a multilateral basis, in the strengthening of the economies of those Territories; 17. Requests the Secretary-General, the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to provide economic, social and other assistance to the Non-Self-Governing Territories and to continue to do so, as appropriate, after they exercise their right to self-determination, including independence; 18. Requests the Secretary-General, President pro tempore of the Special Committee, to meet informally at least once a year with the Chair and the Bureau of the Committee during the intersessional period, in order to explore innovative ways of using his good offices to help to advance the decolonization agenda on a case-by- case basis; 19. Approves the report of the Special Committee covering its work during 2018,1 in which the programme of work for 2019 is outlined, in particular the Caribbean regional seminar and a visiting mission to one of the Territories on its agenda, in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions on specific Territories; 20. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to review the resources at the disposal of the Special Committee in order to ensure that the Committee has the funding, facilities and services commensurate with its envisioned yearly programmes, as mandated in relevant General Assembly resolutions, including, especially, in paragraph 8 of its resolution 72/111.
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A/RES/73/124
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 11 December 2018 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/73/L.35 and A/73/L.35/Add.1)] 73/124. Oceans and the law of the sea The General Assembly, Reaffirming its annual resolutions on the law of the sea and on oceans and the law of the sea, including resolution 72/73 of 5 December 2017, as well as other relevant resolutions concerning the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the Convention),1 Recalling, in this regard, resolution 72/249 of 24 December 2017 on an international legally binding instrument under the Convention on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, Underscoring the importance of the work undertaken by the intergovernmental conference to elaborate the text of an international legally binding instrument under the Convention on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, Having considered the reports of the Secretary-General,2 the reports on the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole on the Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects (the Regular Process)3 and of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (the Informal Consultative Process) at its nineteenth meeting4 and the report of the twenty-eighth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention,5 Recognizing the pre-eminent contribution provided by the Convention to the strengthening of peace, security, cooperation and friendly relations among all nations __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, No. 31363. 2 A/73/68 and A/73/368. 3 A/73/74 and A/73/373. 4 A/73/124. 5 SPLOS/324. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 2/58 in conformity with the principles of justice and equal rights and to the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world, in accordance with the purposes and principles of the United Nations as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations, as well as to the sustainable development of the oceans and seas, Emphasizing the universal and unified character of the Convention, and reaffirming that the Convention sets out the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out and is of strategic importance as the basis for national, regional and global action and cooperation in the marine sector, and that its integrity needs to be maintained, as recognized also by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in chapter 17 of Agenda 21,6 Noting with satisfaction that, in the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, entitled “The future we want”,7 as endorsed by the General Assembly in resolution 66/288 of 27 July 2012, States recognized that oceans, seas and coastal areas form an integrated and essential component of the Earth’s ecosystem and are critical to sustaining it, and that international law, as reflected in the Convention, provides the legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and their resources, and stressed the importance of the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and seas and of their resources for sustainable development, including through their contributions to poverty eradication, sustained economic growth, food security and creation of sustainable livelihoods and decent work, while at the same time protecting biodiversity and the marine environment and addressing the impacts of climate change, Recalling that, in “The future we want”, States underscored that broad public participation and access to information and judicial and administrative proceedings were essential to the promotion of sustainable development and that sustainable development required the meaningful involvement and active participation of regional, national and subnational legislatures and judiciaries, and all major groups, and, in this regard, that they agreed to work more closely with major groups and other stakeholders and encouraged their active participation, as appropriate, in processes that contribute to decision-making, planning and implementation of policies and programmes for sustainable development at all levels, Recalling also the outcome document of the United Nations summit for the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda, held from 25 to 27 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, as adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, and in this regard reaffirming the commitment to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, as reflected in Goal 14 of the outcome document, Recognizing the important contribution of the conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas and marine resources to the achievement of the sustainable development goals contained in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Recalling its resolution 71/312 of 6 July 2017 in which it endorsed the declaration entitled “Our ocean, our future: call for action” adopted by the high-level United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, held from 5 to 9 June 2017, coinciding with __________________ 6 Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3−14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex II. 7 Resolution 66/288, annex. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 3/58 18-21627 World Oceans Day on 8 June, and in this regard affirming the important role of the declaration in demonstrating the collective will to take action to conserve and sustainably use our oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, Recognizing the important contributions of the partnership dialogues and voluntary commitments made in the context of the high-level United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14 to the effective and timely implementation of Goal 14, Recognizing also paragraphs 64 and 65 of the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, adopted by the Conference, which was held from 13 to 16 July 2015,8 Welcoming the ocean-related outcomes of the third session of the United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme, especially the resolutions on marine litter and microplastics9 and on addressing water pollution to protect and restore water-related ecosystems, 10 and the resolution on the role, functions and modalities for United Nations Environment Programme implementation of the Samoa Pathway as a means of facilitating achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals,11 Conscious that the problems of ocean space are closely interrelated and need to be considered as a whole through an integrated, interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach, and reaffirming the need to improve cooperation and coordination at the national, regional and global levels, in accordance with the Convention, to support and supplement the efforts of each State in promoting the implementation and observance of the Convention and the integrated management and sustainable development of the oceans and seas, Reiterating the essential need for cooperation, including through capacity- building and transfer of marine technology, to ensure that all States, especially developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, are able both to implement the Convention and to benefit from the sustainable development of the oceans and seas, as well as to participate fully in global and regional forums and processes dealing with oceans and law of the sea issues, while recognizing the need to also address the particular challenges faced by developing middle-income countries, Emphasizing the need to strengthen the ability of competent international organizations to contribute, at the global, regional, subregional and bilateral levels, through cooperation programmes with Governments, to the development of national capacity in marine science and the sustainable management of the oceans and their resources, Recalling that marine science is important for eradicating poverty, contributing to food security, conserving the world’s marine environment and resources, helping to understand, predict and respond to natural events and promoting the sustainable development of the oceans and seas, by improving knowledge, through sustained research efforts and the evaluation of monitoring results, and applying such knowledge to management and decision-making, __________________ 8 Resolution 69/313, annex. 9 UNEP/EA.3/Res.7. 10 UNEP/EA.3/Res.10. 11 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-first Session, Supplement No. 25 (A/71/25), annex, resolution 2/4. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 4/58 Reiterating its deep concern at the serious adverse impacts on the marine environment and biodiversity, in particular on vulnerable marine ecosystems and their physical and biogenic structure, including coral reefs, cold water habitats, hydrothermal vents and seamounts, of certain human activities, Emphasizing the need for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships, Expressing deep concern at the adverse economic, social and environmental impacts of the physical alteration and destruction of marine habitats that may result from land-based and coastal development activities, in particular those land reclamation activities that are carried out in a manner that has a detrimental impact on the marine environment, Reiterating its serious concern at the current and projected adverse effects of climate change and ocean acidification on the marine environment and marine biodiversity, and emphasizing the urgency of addressing these issues, Noting with concern, in this regard, the findings by the World Meteorological Organization, in its annual Greenhouse gas bulletin, that, in 2016, carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere surpassed 400 parts per million, and that changes in its concentration have never been recorded as happening, as based on measurements of carbon dioxide from ice core records, as fast as in the past 150 years, and the findings in its Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2017 that global mean temperatures in 2017 were about 1.1°C above the 1850 to 1900 average, Noting with concern also that the World Meteorological Organization, in its Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2017, highlighted that the world also continued to see rising sea levels, with some acceleration, and increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, while the cryosphere continued its contraction, with global sea ice shrinking, Expressing concern that climate change continues to increase the severity and incidence of coral bleaching throughout tropical seas and weakens the ability of reefs to withstand ocean acidification, which could have serious and irreversible negative effects on marine organisms, particularly corals, as well as to withstand other pressures, including overfishing and pollution, Reiterating its deep concern at the vulnerability of the environment and the fragile ecosystems of the polar regions, including the Arctic Ocean and the Arctic ice cap, particularly affected by the projected adverse effects of climate change and ocean acidification, Recognizing the need for a more integrated and ecosystem-based approach to, further study of and the promotion of measures for enhanced cooperation, coordination and collaboration relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, Recognizing also that the realization of the benefits of the Convention could be enhanced by international cooperation, technical assistance and advanced scientific knowledge, as well as by funding and capacity-building, Recognizing further that hydrographic surveys and nautical charting are critical to the safety of navigation and life at sea, environmental protection, including the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems, and the economics of the global shipping industry, and encouraging further efforts towards electronic charting, which not only provides significantly increased benefits for safe navigation and management of ship movement, but also provides data and information that can be used for sustainable fisheries activities and other sectoral uses of the marine environment, the delimitation of maritime boundaries and environmental protection, and noting that, under the Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 5/58 18-21627 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, 12 ships on international voyages are required to carry an electronic chart display and information system, in accordance with the implementation schedule as set out in that Convention, Recognizing that ocean data buoys deployed and operated in accordance with international law are critical for improving understanding of weather, climate and ecosystems, and that certain types of ocean data buoys contribute to saving lives by detecting tsunamis, and reiterating its serious concern at intentional and unintentional damage to such buoys, Emphasizing that underwater archaeological, cultural and historical heritage, including shipwrecks and watercraft, holds essential information on the history of humankind and that such heritage is a resource that needs to be protected and preserved, Recognizing the duty of States under article 303, paragraph 1, of the Convention to protect objects of an archaeological and historical nature found at sea and to cooperate for this purpose, Expressing concern, in this regard, at various threats posed to such objects, including their destruction as well as the illicit trafficking in such objects, Recognizing that illicit trafficking in wildlife is, in some cases, committed by transnational organized criminal groups using maritime routes, contributes to damage to ecosystems and livelihoods and requires enhanced regional and global cooperation and coordination in response, in accordance with international law, Noting with concern the continuing problem of transnational organized crime committed at sea, including illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the smuggling of migrants, trafficking in persons and illicit trafficking in firearms, and threats to maritime safety and security, including piracy, armed robbery at sea, smuggling and terrorist acts against shipping, offshore installations and other maritime interests, and noting the deplorable loss of life and adverse impact on international trade, energy security and the global economy resulting from such activities, Reiterating the importance of the fair treatment of crew members and its influence on maritime safety, Recognizing that fibre-optic submarine cables transmit most of the world’s data and communications and hence are vitally important to the global economy and the national security of all States, conscious that these cables are susceptible to intentional and accidental damage from shipping and other activities and that the maintenance, including the repair, of these cables is important, noting that these matters have been brought to the attention of States at various workshops and seminars, and conscious of the need for States to adopt national laws and regulations to protect submarine cables and render their wilful damage or damage by culpable negligence punishable offences, Noting the importance of the delineation of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles and that it is in the broader interest of the international community that coastal States with a continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles submit information on the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (the Commission), and welcoming the submissions to the Commission by a considerable number of States Parties to the Convention on the outer limits of their continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, that the Commission has continued to __________________ 12 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1184, No. 18961. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 6/58 fulfil its role, including of making recommendations to coastal States, and that the summaries of recommendations are being made publicly available,13 Noting also that some coastal States may continue to face particular challenges in relation to preparing and presenting submissions to the Commission, Noting further that financial and technical assistance may be sought by developing countries for activities in relation to preparing and presenting submissions to the Commission, including additional information with respect to submissions and revised or new submissions, including through the voluntary trust fund established by the General Assembly in its resolution 55/7 of 30 October 2000 for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission for developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, and compliance with article 76 of the Convention, as well as other accessible international assistance, Reaffirming the importance of the work of the Commission for coastal States and for the international community, Recognizing that practical difficulties can arise when there is a considerable delay between the preparation of submissions and their consideration by the Commission, including in retaining expertise up to and during the consideration of the submissions by the Commission, Recognizing also the significant workload of the Commission in view of the large number of submissions already received and a number of submissions yet to be received, which places significant demands and challenges on its members and the secretariat as provided by the Secretary-General of the United Nations through the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea of the Office of Legal Affairs of the Secretariat (the Division), Noting with concern the projected timetable of the work of the Commission on the submissions already received by it and those yet to be received, and in this regard noting the decisions of the Meeting of States Parties to the Convention to request the Commission to consider, in coordination with the secretariat, within the existing resources made available to the Secretariat, that the Commission, and its subcommissions meeting simultaneously as far as possible, meet at United Nations Headquarters for up to 26 weeks but not less than an intended minimum of 21 weeks a year, distributed in such a way that the Commission determines to be the most effective, and that no two sessions be sequential,14 Recognizing the need to ensure that the Commission can perform its functions under the Convention expeditiously, efficiently and effectively and maintain its high level of quality and expertise, Expressing concern about the implications of the workload of the Commission for the conditions of service of its members, Recalling, in this regard, the decisions of the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth Meetings of States Parties to the Convention regarding the conditions of service of the members of the Commission,15 Recalling also its decision, in resolutions 57/141 of 12 December 2002 and 58/240 of 23 December 2003, to establish a regular process under the United Nations for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including __________________ 13 Available from the web page of the Commission maintained by the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. 14 See SPLOS/229 and SPLOS/303. 15 SPLOS/286 and SPLOS/303. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 7/58 18-21627 socioeconomic aspects, both current and foreseeable, building on existing regional assessments, as recommended by the World Summit on Sustainable Development, 16 and noting the need for cooperation among all States to this end, Recalling further its decisions, in resolution 65/37 A of 7 December 2010, resolution 66/231 of 24 December 2011, resolution 70/235 of 23 December 2015, resolution 71/257 of 23 December 2016 and resolution 72/73, regarding the Regular Process, as established under the United Nations and accountable to the General Assembly, Recalling that the Division was designated to provide secretariat support to the Regular Process, including its established institutions, Reaffirming the cross-cutting role of ocean science in Sustainable Development Goal 14 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Reaffirming also its decision, in resolution 72/73, to proclaim the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development for the 10-year period beginning on 1 January 2021, within existing structures and available resources, Recognizing the importance and the contribution of the work of the Informal Consultative Process established by the General Assembly in its resolution 54/33 of 24 November 1999 to facilitate the annual review of developments in ocean affairs by the Assembly, Noting the continuously growing responsibilities of the Secretary-General under the Convention and related resolutions of the General Assembly, in particular resolutions 49/28 of 6 December 1994, 52/26 of 26 November 1997, 54/33, 65/37 A, 65/37 B of 4 April 2011, 66/231, 67/78 of 11 December 2012, 68/70 of 9 December 2013, 69/245 of 29 December 2014, 70/235, 71/257, 72/73 and 72/249 and in this context the unprecedented substantial increase in activities of the Division, in particular in view of the growing number of requests to the Division for additional outputs and servicing of meetings, the provision of technical assistance and capacity- building, the need for enhanced support and assistance to the Commission and the role of the Division in carrying out the functions in resolution 72/249, as the secretariat of the Regular Process, in relation to the functions as focal point for UN-Oceans and in relation to support for the implementation by Member States of the oceans-related Sustainable Development Goals in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Reaffirming the importance of the work of the International Seabed Authority (the Authority) in accordance with the Convention and the Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 (the Part XI Agreement),17 Reaffirming also the importance of the work of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (the Tribunal) in accordance with the Convention, I Implementation of the Convention and related agreements and instruments 1. Reaffirms the unified character of the Convention and the vital importance of preserving its integrity; __________________ 16 See Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex. 17 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1836, No. 31364. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 8/58 2. Calls upon all States that have not done so, in order to fully achieve the goal of universal participation, to become parties to the Convention and the Part XI Agreement;17 3. Calls upon States that have not done so, in order to achieve the goal of universal participation, to become parties to the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (the Fish Stocks Agreement);18 4. Calls upon States to harmonize their national legislation with the provisions of the Convention and, where applicable, relevant agreements and instruments, to ensure the consistent application of those provisions and to ensure also that any declarations or statements that they have made or make when signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention do not purport to exclude or to modify the legal effect of the provisions of the Convention in their application to the State concerned and to withdraw any such declarations or statements; 5. Calls upon States Parties to the Convention that have not yet done so to deposit with the Secretary-General charts or lists of geographical coordinates, as provided for in the Convention, preferably using the generally accepted and most recent geodetic datums; 6. Notes, in this regard, the ongoing efforts of the Secretary-General to improve the existing geographic information system for the deposit by States of charts and geographical coordinates concerning maritime zones, including lines of delimitation, submitted pursuant to the Convention, and to give due publicity thereto, also notes the ongoing cooperation and progress achieved in the development by the International Hydrographic Organization, in cooperation with the Division, of the technical standards for the collection, storage and dissemination of the information deposited, in order to ensure compatibility among geographic information systems, electronic nautical charts and other systems, and re-emphasizes the importance of the prompt completion of these efforts; 7. Urges all States to cooperate, directly or through competent international bodies, in taking measures to protect and preserve objects of an archaeological and historical nature found at sea, in conformity with the Convention, and calls upon States to work together on such diverse challenges and opportunities as the appropriate relationship between salvage law and scientific management and conservation of underwater cultural heritage, increasing technological abilities to discover and reach underwater sites, looting and growing underwater tourism; 8. Acknowledges the recent deposit of instruments of ratification and acceptance of the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage,19 calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to that Convention, and notes in particular the rules annexed to that Convention, which address the relationship between salvage law and scientific principles of management, conservation and protection of underwater cultural heritage among Parties, their nationals and vessels flying their flag; II Capacity-building 9. Emphasizes that capacity-building is essential to ensure that States, especially developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, __________________ 18 Ibid., vol. 2167, No. 37924. 19 Ibid., vol. 2562, No. 45694. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 9/58 18-21627 landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, are able to fully implement the Convention, benefit from the sustainable development of the oceans and seas and participate fully in global and regional forums on ocean affairs and the law of the sea; 10. Also emphasizes the need to address the particular challenges faced by developing middle-income countries through capacity-building; 11. Recalls, in this regard, that, in “The future we want”,7 States recognized the importance of building the capacity of developing countries to be able to benefit from the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans and seas and their resources, and in this regard emphasized the need for cooperation in marine scientific research to implement the provisions of the Convention and the outcomes of the major summits on sustainable development, as well as for the transfer of technology, taking into account the Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology adopted by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its twenty-second session, in 2003; 12. Emphasizes the need for international cooperation for capacity-building, including cross-sectoral cooperation, at national, regional and global levels, to address, in particular, gaps in capacity-building in ocean affairs and the law of the sea, including marine science; 13. Calls for capacity-building initiatives to take into account the needs of developing countries, and calls upon States, international organizations and donor agencies to make efforts to ensure the sustainability of such initiatives; 14. Calls upon donor agencies and international financial institutions to keep their programmes systematically under review to ensure the availability in all States, particularly in developing States, of the economic, legal, navigational, scientific and technical skills necessary for the full implementation of the Convention and the objectives of the present resolution, as well as the sustainable development of the oceans and seas nationally, regionally and globally, and in so doing to bear in mind the interests and needs of landlocked developing States; 15. Encourages intensified efforts to build capacity for developing countries, in particular for the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, to improve aids to navigation and search and rescue services, hydrographic services and the production of nautical charts, including electronic charts, as well as the mobilization of resources and building of capacity with support from international financial institutions and the donor community; 16. Calls upon States and international institutions, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes, technical partnerships and fellowships, to continue to support and strengthen capacity-building activities, in particular in developing countries, in the field of marine scientific research by, inter alia, training personnel to develop and enhance relevant expertise, providing the necessary equipment, facilities and vessels and transferring environmentally sound technologies; 17. Also calls upon States and international institutions, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes, technical partnerships and fellowships, to support and strengthen capacity-building activities in developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, to develop their maritime administration and appropriate legal frameworks to establish or enhance the necessary infrastructure, legislative and enforcement capabilities to promote effective compliance with and implementation and enforcement of their responsibilities under international law; A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 10/58 18. Further calls upon States and international institutions, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes, technical partnerships and fellowships, to develop and strengthen capacity-building activities in and to transfer to developing countries, in particular least developed countries and small island developing States, on mutually agreed terms, and taking into account the Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, environmentally sound technologies to study and minimize the impacts of ocean acidification; 19. Notes the international scientific cooperation within the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network and its efforts in building scientific capacity for ocean acidification monitoring, research and experimentation, including through the Pier2Peer scientific mentorship programme; 20. Emphasizes the need to focus on strengthening South-South cooperation as an additional way to build capacity and as a cooperative mechanism to further enable countries to set their own priorities and needs and to foster actions to implement such cooperation; 21. Recognizes with appreciation the important contribution to capacity- building in the field of the law of the sea by the Rhodes Academy of Oceans Law and Policy, a cooperative undertaking by the Center for Oceans Law and Policy of the University of Virginia School of Law, the Aegean Institute of the Law of the Sea and Maritime Law, the Law of the Sea Institute of Iceland, the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, the Netherlands Institute for the Law of the Sea of Utrecht University and the Centre for International Law of the National University of Singapore, which enjoys associate sponsorship of the Korea Maritime Institute and the Ankara University Research Center of the Sea and Maritime Law and offers a prominent three-week summer course annually in Rhodes, Greece, and has graduated 947 students from 123 countries; 22. Also recognizes with appreciation the important contribution to capacity- building in the field of the law of the sea by the Summer Academy of the International Foundation for the Law of the Sea at the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea; 23. Further recognizes with appreciation the important contribution of the Korea Maritime Institute to the trust fund to support the internship programmes at the Tribunal since 2011 and its continued efforts, in cooperation with the Expo 2012 Yeosu Korea Foundation, to provide education and training for capacity-building of developing countries through the Yeosu Academy of the Law of the Sea programme; 24. Recognizes the holding of the regional course on the continental shelf in Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, jointly organized in 2018 by the African Institute of International Law and the University of the Faroe Islands, and its important contribution to capacity-building, particularly in developing countries; 25. Also recognizes the importance of the work of the Malta-based International Maritime Law Institute of the International Maritime Organization, as a centre of education and training of specialists in maritime law, including government legal advisers and other high-level officials, mainly from developing States, confirms its effective capacity-building role in the field of international maritime law, shipping law and marine environmental law, and urges States, intergovernmental organizations and financial institutions to make voluntary financial contributions to the budget of the Institute which runs annually; 26. Further recognizes the importance of the World Maritime University of the International Maritime Organization, which celebrated its thirty-fifth anniversary in 2018, as a centre of excellence for maritime education and research, confirms its effective capacity-building role in the field of maritime transportation, policy, administration, management, safety, security and environmental protection, as well Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 11/58 18-21627 as its role in the international exchange and transfer of knowledge, welcomes the inauguration in 2018 of the World Maritime University-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute, and urges States, intergovernmental organizations and other bodies to make voluntary financial contributions to the University’s Endowment Fund; 27. Welcomes ongoing activities for capacity-building so as to address maritime security and protection of the marine environment of developing States, and encourages States and international financial institutions to provide additional funding for capacity-building programmes, including for transfer of technology, including through the International Maritime Organization and other competent international organizations; 28. Recognizes the ongoing activities of the secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity in coordinating capacity-building efforts to support developing States in achieving the Aichi Biodiversity Targets in marine and coastal areas;20 29. Also recognizes the considerable need to provide sustained capacity- building assistance, including on financial and technical aspects, by relevant international organizations and donors to developing States, with a view to further strengthening their capacity to take effective measures against the multiple facets of international criminal activities at sea, in line with the relevant international instruments, including the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto;21 30. Further recognizes the need to build the capacity of developing States to raise awareness of and support the implementation of improved waste management practices, noting the particular vulnerability of small island developing States to the impact of marine pollution of all kinds, in particular from land-based activities and marine debris and nutrient pollution;22 31. Recognizes the importance of assisting developing States, in particular the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, in implementing the Convention, urges States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons, to make voluntary financial or other contributions to the trust funds, as referred to in resolutions 55/7, 57/141, and 64/71 of 4 December 2009, established for this purpose, and expresses its appreciation to those that have contributed; 23 32. Acknowledges the importance of capacity-building for developing States, in particular the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, for the protection of the marine environment and the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources; 33. Recognizes that promoting the voluntary transfer of technology is an essential aspect of building capacity in marine science; 34. Encourages States to use the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, and recalls the important role of the secretariat of that Commission in the implementation and promotion of the Criteria and Guidelines; __________________ 20 See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/12/29, sect. I, and Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity decision XII/23, paras. 19−22. 21 United Nations, Treaty Series, vols. 2225, 2237, 2241 and 2326, No. 39574. 22 See 2012 Guidelines for the Development of a Regional Reception Facilities Plan, International Maritime Organization, resolution MEPC.221(63). 23 See A/70/74/Add.1, para. 137. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 12/58 35. Also encourages States to consider additional opportunities for capacity- building at the regional level; 36. Welcomes the efforts of the Tribunal in holding regional workshops; 37. Notes with satisfaction the publication of the first edition of the Global Ocean Science Report by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; 38. Notes with appreciation the adoption by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the new Capacity Development Strategy (2015–2021), which takes into account that capacity development is a fundamental tenet of the mission of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; 39. Expresses its appreciation for the contribution of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission to capacity-building through its Ocean Teacher Academy training system, which has provided training in ocean data and information management, and notes the setting up of the Ocean Teacher Global Academy, operating through a network of regional training centres, which builds capacity and promotes expertise available in developing countries; 40. Welcomes the establishment by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission at its twenty-ninth session of the Group of Experts on Capacity Development; 41. Notes with satisfaction the efforts of the Division to compile information on capacity-building initiatives, requests the Secretary-General to continue to regularly update such information provided by States, international organizations and donor agencies and include it in his annual report to the General Assembly, invites States, international organizations and donor agencies to submit such information to the Secretary-General for this purpose, and requests the Division to post the information on capacity-building initiatives from the annual report of the Secretary- General on the website of the Division in an easily accessible manner so as to facilitate the matching of capacity-building needs with opportunities; 42. Calls upon States to continue to assist developing States, and especially the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, at the bilateral and, where appropriate, multilateral levels, in the preparation of submissions to the Commission regarding the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, including the assessment of the nature and extent of the continental shelf of a coastal State, and recalls that coastal States can make requests to the Commission for scientific and technical advice in the preparation of data for their submissions, in accordance with article 3 of annex II to the Convention; 43. Recognizes the importance of the trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission for developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, and compliance with article 76 of the Convention, and for the purpose of providing assistance to developing States to meet the travel and daily subsistence allowance costs associated with meeting with the Commission when their submissions are being examined and upon the invitation of the Commission, 24 in accordance with paragraph 31 of the terms of reference, guidelines and rules of the trust fund, recognizes also the need for assistance in the preparation of additional information with respect to submissions and revised or new submissions and in maintaining critical capacity during the period from the submission by a coastal developing State of the particulars of the outer limits of its continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles to the Commission up to the final stages of its examination by the __________________ 24 See resolution 70/235, para. 37. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 13/58 18-21627 Commission, and amends, as set out in the annex to the present resolution, sections 1, 2, 4 and 5 of the terms of reference, guidelines and rules of the trust fund;25 44. Calls upon the Division to continue to disseminate information on relevant procedures related to the trust fund established for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission and to continue its dialogue with potential beneficiaries with a view to providing financial support to developing countries for activities to facilitate their submissions in accordance with the requirements of article 76 of the Convention and with the Rules of Procedure26 and the Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission; 27 45. Requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with States and relevant international organizations and institutions, to continue to support training and other activities to assist developing States in the preparation and presentation of their submissions to the Commission; 46. Recognizes with appreciation the contribution of the Division to capacity- building activities at the national and regional levels, in particular the work of the Division in promoting wider appreciation of the Convention and in assisting with its implementation, through the provision of information, advice and assistance to States and intergovernmental organizations, as well as the support of the Division for Member State implementation of the relevant parts of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development;28 47. Notes the partnership between the Division and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission on a training programme on marine scientific research under the Convention, and encourages States, relevant international organizations and other donors to consider supporting the initiative; 48. Invites States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to support the capacity-building activities of the Division, including by making earmarked voluntary contributions to the trust fund established by the Secretary-General for the Office of Legal Affairs to support the promotion of international law, and expresses its appreciation to those that have contributed; 49. Recognizes with appreciation the important contribution to the capacity- building of developing countries and the promotion of the law of the sea made by the Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the Sea, which was established by the General Assembly in 1981 in honour of the first President of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, and recalls in this regard the provisions of its resolutions on the United Nations Programme of Assistance in the Teaching, Study, Dissemination and Wider Appreciation of International Law; 29 50. Expresses its appreciation to States that have made contributions to the voluntary trust fund for the Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe Memorial Fellowship on the Law of the Sea, notes that there are insufficient funds available to grant a regular award for the next fellowship session, expresses its commitment to further promote the importance of the Fellowship, and urges States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make voluntary financial contributions in support of the Fellowship; __________________ 25 Resolution 55/7, annex II, resolution 58/240, annex, and resolution 70/235, annex. 26 CLCS/40/Rev.1. 27 CLCS/11, CLCS/11/Corr.1, CLCS/11/Add.1 and CLCS/11/Add.1/Corr.1. 28 Resolution 70/1. 29 Resolutions 69/117, para. 8, 70/116, para. 4, 71/139, para. 7, and 72/115, paras. 7 and 8. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 14/58 51. Recognizes with appreciation the important contribution of the United Nations-Nippon Foundation of Japan Fellowship Programme to human resources development for developing Member States in the field of ocean affairs and the law of the sea and related disciplines, as well as the fostering of global interlinkages and continuing capacity development through the alumni programme, and also recognizes with appreciation additional fellowship awards, as well as the new United Nations- Nippon Foundation Sustainable Ocean Programme, which provides for additional Critical Needs Fellowship awards, Thematic Fellowship awards and a training programme to reinforce capacity in the context of the intergovernmental conference on an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction; 52. Encourages competent international organizations, the United Nations Development Programme and international financial institutions and funds to consider expanding their programmes within their respective fields of competence for assistance to developing countries and to coordinate their efforts, and recognizes the funding available from the Global Environment Facility, as well as other funds allocated for projects relating to oceans; III Meeting of States Parties 53. Welcomes the report of the twenty-eighth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention;5 54. Notes that the twenty-eighth Meeting of States Parties, convened by the Secretary-General pursuant to resolution 72/73, is to be resumed on 15 January 2019, and requests the Secretary-General to provide full conference services, including documentation, as required; 55. Requests the Secretary-General to convene the twenty-ninth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention from 17 to 19 June 2019, with full conference services, including documentation, as required; IV Peaceful settlement of disputes 56. Notes with satisfaction the continued and significant contribution of the Tribunal to the settlement of disputes by peaceful means in accordance with Part XV of the Convention, and underlines the important role and authority of the Tribunal concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention and the Part XI Agreement; 57. Pays tribute to the important and long-standing role of the International Court of Justice with regard to the peaceful settlement of disputes concerning the law of the sea; 58. Notes that States parties to an international agreement relating to the purposes of the Convention may submit to, inter alia, the Tribunal or the International Court of Justice any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of that agreement submitted in accordance with that agreement, and also notes the possibility, provided for in the Statutes of the Tribunal and the Court, to submit disputes to a chamber; 59. Encourages States Parties to the Convention that have not yet done so to consider making a written declaration, choosing from the means set out in article 287 of the Convention for the settlement of disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the Convention and the Part XI Agreement, bearing in mind the Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 15/58 18-21627 comprehensive character of the dispute settlement mechanism provided for in Part XV of the Convention; 60. Notes the successful completion of the first compulsory conciliation under annex V to the Convention, pursuant to section 3 of Part XV, which assisted the parties in reaching agreement on a treaty establishing their maritime boundaries, 30 and encourages States to consider all means to peacefully settle disputes in accordance with international law; V The Area 61. Reiterates the importance of the ongoing elaboration and standardization by the Authority, pursuant to article 145 of the Convention, of rules, regulations and procedures to ensure the effective protection of the marine environment, for, inter alia, the protection and conservation of the natural resources of the Area and for the prevention of damage to the flora and fauna of the marine environment from harmful effects that may arise from activities in the Area; 62. Notes that, as at 31 July 2018, the Authority had approved 29 plans of work for exploration for marine mineral resources in the Area and had entered into 15-year contracts with 17 contractors for exploration for polymetallic nodules, 7 contractors for exploration for polymetallic sulphides and 5 contractors for exploration for cobalt- rich ferromanganese crusts;31 63. Welcomes the progress of the work of the Authority on draft regulations for exploitation of mineral resources in the Area, takes note of the development of a road map for the adoption and approval of such regulations, and encourages the Authority to continue its work on the draft regulations as a matter of priority and to provide sufficient opportunities and time for substantive consideration and discussion of successive drafts, and emphasizes the ongoing need for openness and transparency; 64. Recalls the relevance of the advisory opinion on the responsibilities and obligations of States sponsoring persons and entities with respect to activities in the Area, issued by the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the Tribunal on 1 February 2011;32 65. Takes note of the public consultations organized in 2018 by two sponsoring States with regard to the environmental impact assessments submitted to the International Seabed Authority, ahead of technical tests to be held in 2019 in the respective contract areas of their sponsored contractors in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone; 66. Recognizes the importance of the responsibilities entrusted to the Authority by articles 143 and 145 of the Convention, which refer to marine scientific research and protection of the marine environment in the Area, respectively; 67. Welcomes the decision of the Assembly, at the twenty-fourth session of the Authority, to adopt the strategic plan of the Authority for the period 2019–2023, which provides a uniform basis for the strengthening of existing working practices of the Authority;33 68. Encourages the Authority to continue its work towards the standardization of marine bathymetric information collected in the Area, in cooperation with relevant international organizations, including the Intergovernmental Oceanographic __________________ 30 See A/73/368, para. 19. 31 See ISBA/24/A/2, para. 80. 32 See ISBA/17/A/9. 33 See ISBA/24/A/10. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 16/58 Commission and the International Hydrographic Organization, particularly under the Seabed 2030 project;34 69. Welcomes the efforts of the Authority to make progress on the development of regional environmental management plans in other specific areas in the Area, in particular where there are currently exploration contracts, notes in this regard the workshops held in Qingdao, China, in May 2018, and in Szczecin, Poland, in June 2018, respectively, on the development of regional environmental management plans for cobalt-rich crusts in the north-west Pacific and for polymetallic sulphides in mid-ocean ridges, also notes that a further workshop, dedicated to the review of the status of implementation of the environmental management plan for the Clarion- Clipperton Zone, was scheduled for the second half of 2018, and encourages the Authority to make further progress on the development of regional environmental plans;35 VI Effective functioning of the Authority and the Tribunal 70. Commends the progress in the work of the Authority; 71. Also commends the work of the Tribunal since its establishment; 72. Appeals to all States Parties to the Convention to pay their assessed contributions to the Tribunal in full and on time, and also appeals to States Parties in arrears with their contributions to fulfil their obligations without delay; 73. Expresses serious concern about the number of States Parties to the Convention in arrears with their assessed contributions to the Authority, appeals to all States Parties to the Convention to pay their assessed contributions to the Authority in full and on time, and urges them to fulfil their obligations without delay, in particular those States whose exercise of voting rights has been suspended by virtue of article 184 of the Convention, and invites the Secretary-General of the Authority to continue his efforts to recover arrears, including bilateral efforts; 74. Notes that the Assembly of the Authority has endorsed the revised schedule of meetings for 2018 and 2019, including two meetings of the Council of the Authority to be held in February–March and July 2019, respectively, and that Assembly meetings are now held following the Council meetings in July, for the convenience of States Parties; 75. Welcomes the improvement in the level of attendance at the Assembly in 2018, compared to 2017, and urges all members of the Authority to participate in the meetings of the Assembly; 76. Also welcomes the adoption by the Assembly of the terms of reference for the voluntary trust fund to support the participation of members of the Council from developing States in meetings of the Council, expresses its appreciation to the contractors and observers that have made contributions to the voluntary trust fund, and encourages Member States, observers, contractors and other stakeholders to contribute financially to the voluntary trust fund;36 77. Expresses its serious concern over the negative balance of the voluntary trust fund established pursuant to the decision of the Authority at its eighth session 37 for the purpose of defraying the cost of participation of the members of the Legal and Technical Commission from developing countries and the members of the Finance __________________ 34 See ISBA/23/A/2. 35 See ISBA/24/C/3, ISBA/24/C/8, ISBA/24/C/22 and ISBA/24/C/9/Add.1. 36 See ISBA/23/A/13, ISBA/24/A/2 and ISBA/24/A/11. 37 See ISBA/8/A/11. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 17/58 18-21627 Committee from developing countries in the meetings of the Commission and of the Committee, expresses its appreciation to States that have made contributions to the voluntary trust fund, and strongly encourages States, observers, contractors and other stakeholders to make contributions to this voluntary trust fund in order to ensure the full participation of all members of the Legal and Technical Commission and the Finance Committee; 78. Expresses its appreciation to States that have made contributions to the endowment fund for marine scientific research in the Area established by the Authority at its twelfth session,38 for the purpose of promoting and encouraging the conduct of collaborative marine scientific research in the Area, and encourages States, observers, contractors and other stakeholders to make additional contributions to this fund; 79. Calls upon States that have not done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the Tribunal 39 and to the Protocol on the Privileges and Immunities of the Authority; 40 80. Emphasizes the importance of the rules and staff regulations of the Tribunal in promoting the recruitment of a geographically representative staff in the Professional and higher categories, and welcomes the actions taken by the Tribunal in observance of those rules and regulations; 81. Calls upon coastal States that have not yet done so to deposit a copy of charts or lists of geographical coordinates showing the outer limit lines of the continental shelf with the Secretary-General of the Authority, as provided for in article 84, paragraph 2, of the Convention; VII The continental shelf and the work of the Commission 82. Recalls that, in accordance with article 76, paragraph 8, of the Convention, information on the limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured shall be submitted by the coastal State to the Commission set up under annex II to the Convention on the basis of equitable geographical representation, that the Commission shall make recommendations to coastal States on matters related to the establishment of the outer limits of their continental shelf, and that the limits of the shelf established by a coastal State on the basis of these recommendations shall be final and binding; 83. Also recalls that, in accordance with article 77, paragraph 3, of the Convention, the rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf do not depend on occupation, effective or notional, or on any express proclamation; 84. Notes with satisfaction that a considerable number of States Parties to the Convention have submitted information to the Commission regarding the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, in conformity with article 76 of the Convention and article 4 of annex II to the Convention, taking into account the decision of the eleventh Meeting of States Parties to the Convention contained in SPLOS/72, paragraph (a); 85. Also notes with satisfaction that a considerable number of States Parties to the Convention have submitted to the Secretary-General, pursuant to the decision of the eighteenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention, 41 preliminary information indicative of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles and a __________________ 38 ISBA/12/A/11. 39 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2167, No. 37925. 40 Ibid., vol. 2214, No. 39357. 41 See SPLOS/183. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 18/58 description of the status of preparation and intended date of submission in accordance with the requirements of article 76 of the Convention and with the Rules of Procedure and the Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission, and notes with satisfaction that additional submissions referred to in preliminary information have been filed with the Commission; 86. Further notes with satisfaction the progress in the work of the Commission42 and that it is giving current consideration to a number of submissions that have been made regarding the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles; 87. Takes note of the 30 recommendations made by the Commission on the submissions of a number of coastal States, and welcomes the fact that summaries of recommendations are being made publicly available in accordance with paragraph 11.3 of annex III to the Rules of Procedure of the Commission; 88. Notes that the consideration by the Commission of submissions by coastal States in accordance with article 76 of and annex II to the Convention is without prejudice to the application of other parts of the Convention by States Parties; 89. Also notes the considerable number of submissions yet to be considered by the Commission and the demands that this places on its members and the secretariat as provided by the Division, and emphasizes the need to ensure that the Commission can perform its functions expeditiously, efficiently and effectively and maintain its high level of quality and expertise; 90. Takes note with appreciation of the decision of the Commission at its forty-fourth session to continue, during its five-year term of office, to meet for a total of 21 weeks per year by holding three sessions of seven weeks each, and that no two sessions would be sequential,43 and further notes that more than nine subcommissions are actively considering submissions;44 91. Notes that the Meeting of States Parties to the Convention, in its decisions regarding the conditions of service of the members of the Commission, 45 reaffirmed the obligation of States under the Convention whose experts were serving on the Commission to defray the expenses of the experts they had nominated while the experts are in performance of Commission duties, including the provision of medical coverage, and urged those States to do their utmost to ensure the full participation of those experts in the work of the Commission, including the meetings of subcommissions, in accordance with the Convention; 92. Also notes the decision of the twenty-eighth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention to continue the consideration of the conditions of service of the members of the Commission within the open-ended working group established by the twenty-third Meeting of States Parties to the Convention;5 93. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to take appropriate measures, within overall existing resource levels, to further strengthen the capacity of the Division, serving as the secretariat of the Commission, in order to ensure enhanced support and assistance to the Commission and its subcommissions in their consideration of submissions, as required by paragraph 9 of annex III to the Rules of Procedure of the Commission, in particular its human resources, taking into account the need for simultaneous work on several submissions; __________________ 42 See CLCS/103, CLCS/103/Corr.1 and CLCS/105. 43 See CLCS/100. 44 See CLCS/80, CLCS/80/Corr.1, CLCS/83 and CLCS/83/Corr.1. 45 SPLOS/276 and SPLOS/286. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 19/58 18-21627 94. Urges the Secretary-General to continue to provide all necessary secretariat services to the Commission in accordance with article 2, paragraph 5, of annex II to the Convention; 95. Requests the Secretary-General to take appropriate and timely measures to ensure secretariat services for the Commission and its subcommissions for the extended duration of time requested in the decisions of the twenty-first and twenty- sixth Meetings of States Parties to the Convention;14 96. Also requests the Secretary-General, consequently, to continue to allocate appropriate and sufficient resources to the Division to provide adequate services and assistance to the Commission in view of the number of its working weeks; 97. Expresses its appreciation to States that have made contributions to the voluntary trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission, 25 and encourages States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make additional contributions to this fund; 98. Recognizes the importance of the voluntary trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 in facilitating the participation of members of the Commission from developing States in the meetings of the Commission, expresses its appreciation to States that have made contributions to this trust fund, expresses its serious concern at the critical lack of funds in this trust fund, which may prevent the Commission from further implementing the decision of the twenty-sixth Meeting of States Parties that requested the Commission to meet for up to 26 weeks, and may preclude it from advancing its work as a result of the potential lack of a quorum at future sessions, and urges States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make additional contributions to this fund; 99. Authorizes the use, as appropriate, of the trust fund referred to in paragraph 98 above, and in accordance with the purpose of its terms of reference, to defray the cost of the participation of the Chair of the Commission, when nominated by a developing country, in the Meetings of States Parties to the Convention, and authorizes the Secretary-General, as an interim measure and subject to the availability of funds following the allocation of the required funds to cover the costs of travel and daily subsistence allowance of the members of the Commission from developing States for the sessions of the Commission in 2019, to reimburse those members for the costs of medical travel insurance and short-term medical insurance from that trust fund on a session-by-session basis and subject to a reasonable limit that the Secretary- General shall determine, based on the information regarding medical travel insurance available to him; 100. Takes note of the written information, provided by the Secretary-General in response to the request in paragraph 81 of resolution 69/245, on options for mechanisms to provide medical insurance coverage to members of the Commission, including costs, and the information provided by the Secretariat during the twenty- seventh and twenty-eighth Meetings of States Parties to the Convention, and expresses its intention to continue to consider these and other options and, if necessary, to further review the terms of reference for the trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 for the purpose of facilitating the participation of members of the Commission from developing States in the meetings of the Commission; 101. Decides that, on an exceptional basis and without setting a precedent for other agenda items, the members of the Commission have the option to join the A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 20/58 Headquarters medical insurance scheme upon payment of the full cost of the premium; 102. Emphasizes the continued need for members of the Commission to have suitable working space for their work at the sessions of the Commission and its subcommissions, recognizes, with regard to the long-term accommodation discussions, that, owing to its exceptional character, the Commission has special requirements for its working space, including the need for fit-for-purpose working space, adequate technical equipment and climate control, and needs to remain located within the same premises as the Division, and emphasizes that, in the context of any relocation of the Division or any change in its working space, full regard will be paid to these special requirements of the Commission; 103. Approves the convening by the Secretary-General of the forty-ninth, fiftieth and fifty-first sessions of the Commission, in New York, from 28 January to 15 March 2019, from 1 July to 16 August 2019 and from 14 October to 29 November 2019, respectively, with full conference services, including documentation, for the plenary parts of these sessions,46 as well as any resumed sessions as may be required by the Commission, and requests the Secretary-General to make every effort to meet these requirements within overall existing resources; 104. Expresses its firm conviction about the importance of the work of the Commission, carried out in accordance with the Convention as well as in accordance with its Rules of Procedure, including with respect to the participation of coastal States in relevant proceedings concerning their submissions, and recognizes the continued need for active interaction between coastal States and the Commission; 105. Expresses its appreciation to States that have exchanged views in order to increase understanding of issues, including expenditures involved, arising from the application of article 76 of the Convention, thus facilitating the preparation of submissions by States, in particular developing States, to the Commission, and encourages States to continue to exchange views; 106. Requests the Secretary-General, in cooperation with Member States, to continue to support workshops or symposiums on scientific and technical aspects of the establishment of the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles, taking into account the need to strengthen capacity-building for developing countries in preparing their submissions; VIII Maritime safety and security and flag State implementation 107. Encourages States to ratify or accede to international agreements addressing the safety and security of navigation, as well as maritime labour, and to adopt the necessary measures consistent with the Convention and other relevant international instruments aimed at implementing and enforcing the rules contained in those agreements, and emphasizes the need for capacity-building for and assistance to developing States; 108. Recognizes that the legal regimes governing maritime safety and maritime security may have common and mutually reinforcing objectives that may be interrelated and could benefit from synergies, and encourages States to take this into account in their implementation; 109. Emphasizes the need for further efforts to promote a culture of safety and security in the shipping industry and to address the shortage of adequately trained __________________ 46 From 4 to 8 February and from 4 to 8 March 2019 during the forty-ninth session, and from 29 July to 2 August and from 13 to 16 August 2019 during the fiftieth session. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 21/58 18-21627 personnel, and urges the establishment of more centres to provide the required education and training; 110. Also emphasizes that safety and security measures should be implemented in support of and with minimal negative effects on seafarers and fishers, especially in relation to their working conditions, and welcomes the ongoing cooperation between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Labour Organization in relation to decent work and employment in fisheries and aquaculture and on child labour in fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the work that has been conducted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the International Labour Organization on the issue of trafficking in persons and forced labour on fishing vessels; 111. Welcomes the consideration by the International Maritime Organization of the fair treatment of seafarers, recalls the adoption by the Organization on 4 December 2013 of resolution A.1090(28) on the fair treatment of crew members in respect of shore leave and access to shore-side facilities, and welcomes the new provision on shore leave in the Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic,47 which entered into force on 1 January 2018; 112. Notes the themes for the 2018 and 2019 World Maritime Day, “IMO 70: Our Heritage – Better Shipping for a Better Future”, and “Empowering Women in the Maritime Community”, respectively; 113. Invites States that have not yet done so to become parties to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978,48 as amended, and the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel, 1995; 114. Encourages States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the Work in Fishing Convention, 2007 (No. 188), the Seafarers’ Identity Documents Convention (Revised), 2003 (No. 185)49 and the Protocol to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) of the International Labour Organization, as well as to the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, as amended, calls upon States to effectively implement their obligations under those instruments, and emphasizes the need to provide to States, at their request, technical cooperation and assistance in this regard; 115. Invites States to ratify or accede to the Cape Town Agreement of 2012 on the Implementation of the Provisions of the Torremolinos Protocol of 1993 relating to the Torremolinos International Convention for the Safety of Fishing Vessels, 1977; 116. Welcomes ongoing cooperation between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Maritime Organization and the International Labour Organization relating to the safety of fishers and fishing vessels, and underlines the urgent need for continued work in that area; 117. Notes that in its resolution A.1078(28) of 4 December 2013 the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization revised the International Maritime Organization ship identification number scheme to allow its voluntary application to seagoing ships of 100 gross tonnage and above, including fishing vessels; 118. Recalls that all actions taken to combat threats to maritime security must be in accordance with international law, including the principles embodied in the Charter of the United Nations and the Convention; __________________ 47 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 591, No. 8564. 48 Ibid., vol. 1361, No. 23001. 49 Ibid., vol. 2304, No. 41069. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 22/58 119. Recognizes the crucial role of international cooperation at the global, regional, subregional and bilateral levels in combating, in accordance with international law, threats to maritime security, including piracy, armed robbery against ships at sea and terrorist acts against shipping, offshore installations and other maritime interests, through bilateral and multilateral instruments and mechanisms aimed at monitoring, preventing and responding to such threats, the enhanced sharing of information among States relevant to the detection, prevention and suppression of such threats, and the prosecution of offenders with due regard to national legislation, and the need for sustained capacity-building to support such objectives, and in this regard welcomes the Work Plan for Maritime Security 2018–2020, which was reaffirmed at the twenty-fifth Regional Forum of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, held in Singapore on 4 August 2018; 120. Welcomes the adoption, in Lomé on 15 October 2016, by the African Union Extraordinary Summit of Heads of State and Government on Maritime Security and Safety and Development in Africa of the Charter on Maritime Security and Safety and Development in Africa; 121. Notes with satisfaction the organization in Mauritius in April 2018 of the Ministerial Conference on Maritime Security in the Western Indian Ocean, at which participants adopted the Mauritius Declaration on Maritime Security, and Comoros, Djibouti, Madagascar, Mauritius and Seychelles signed an agreement setting up the Regional Maritime Information Exchange and Sharing Mechanism in the Western Indian Ocean Region and an agreement on coordination of operations at sea in the Western Indian Ocean, and invites States to consider signing these agreements; 122. Acknowledges the work of the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice in promoting international cooperation and strengthening capacity to combat the problem of transnational organized crime committed at sea; 123. Notes with concern that piracy and armed robbery at sea affect a wide range of vessels engaged in maritime activities, and expresses grave concern at the threats posed by piracy and armed robbery at sea to the safety and welfare of seafarers and other persons; 124. Emphasizes the importance of promptly reporting incidents to enable accurate information on the scope of the problem of piracy and armed robbery against ships at sea and, in the case of armed robbery against ships at sea, by affected vessels to the coastal State, underlines the importance of effective information-sharing with States potentially affected by incidents of piracy and armed robbery against ships at sea, notes with appreciation the important role of the International Maritime Organization and the important contribution of the Information Sharing Centre of the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia, based in Singapore, which aspires to be recognized as a centre of excellence within its purpose and mandate, and notes the Maritime Domain Awareness for Trade – Gulf of Guinea mechanism, the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations covering the high-risk area, the Regional Maritime Information Fusion Centre, based in Madagascar, and the Regional Maritime Centre for Operational Coordination in Seychelles; 125. Urges all States, in cooperation with the International Maritime Organization, to actively combat piracy and armed robbery at sea by adopting measures, including those relating to assistance with capacity-building through training of seafarers, port staff and enforcement personnel in the prevention, reporting and investigation of incidents, by bringing the alleged perpetrators to justice, in accordance with international law, and by adopting national legislation, as well as by providing enforcement vessels and equipment and guarding against fraudulent ship registration; Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 23/58 18-21627 126. Encourages States to ensure effective implementation of international law applicable to combating piracy, as reflected in the Convention, calls upon States to take appropriate steps under their national law to facilitate, in accordance with international law, the apprehension and prosecution of those who are alleged to have committed acts of piracy, including the financing or facilitation of such acts, also taking into account other relevant instruments that are consistent with the Convention, and encourages States to cooperate, as appropriate, with a view to developing their national legislation in this regard; 127. Invites all States, the International Maritime Organization, the International Labour Organization and other relevant international organizations and agencies to adopt or recommend, as appropriate, measures to protect the interest and welfare of seafarers and fishers who are victims of pirates, after their release from captivity, including their post-incident care and reintegration into society; 128. Notes the compilation of national legislation on piracy on the website of the Division, and encourages the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the Division to continue to cooperate with the International Maritime Organization with a view to assisting Member States, upon request, in developing their national laws on piracy; 129. Recognizes continued national, bilateral and trilateral initiatives, as well as regional cooperative mechanisms, in accordance with international law, to address piracy, including the financing or facilitation of acts of piracy, and armed robbery at sea, and calls upon States to give immediate attention to adopting, concluding and implementing cooperation agreements at the regional level on combating piracy and armed robbery against ships; 130. Expresses serious concern at the inhuman conditions hostages taken at sea face in captivity and also the adverse impact on their families, calls for the immediate release of all hostages taken at sea, and stresses the importance of cooperation among Member States on the issue of hostage-taking at sea; 131. Welcomes, in this regard, the ongoing work of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Hostage Support Programme, funded by the Board of the trust fund to support initiatives of States countering piracy off the coast of Somalia, in securing the release of seafarers held hostage off the coast of Somalia; 50 132. Also welcomes the recent achievements against piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia resulting from efforts at the global and regional levels, which have resulted in a steady decline in pirate attacks as well as hijackings since 2011, in that regard continues to be gravely concerned by the ongoing threat that piracy and armed robbery at sea continue to pose in the region off the coast of Somalia, notes the adoption by the Security Council of resolution 2442 (2018) of 6 November 2018, as well as the statements by the President of the Council of 25 August 201051 and of 19 November 2012,52 also notes that the authorization in resolution 2442 (2018) and relevant resolutions 53 apply only with respect to the situation in Somalia and shall not affect the rights, obligations or responsibilities of Member States under international law, including any rights or obligations under the Convention, with respect to any other situation, and underscores, in particular, that they shall not be considered as establishing customary international law; __________________ 50 See S/2013/623, paras. 11–13, and S/2014/740, para. 10. 51 S/PRST/2010/16; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2010–31 July 2011 (S/INF/66). 52 S/PRST/2012/24; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2012–31 July 2013 (S/INF/68). 53 See Security Council resolution 2316 (2016), first preambular paragraph. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 24/58 133. Notes the continued efforts within the Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia following the adoption of Security Council resolution 1851 (2008) of 16 December 2008, including at its twenty-first plenary session, chaired by Mauritius in Nairobi in July 2018, and commends the contributions of all States in the efforts to fight piracy off the coast of Somalia; 134. Recognizes the primary responsibility of the Federal Government of Somalia in combating piracy and armed robbery at sea off the coast of Somalia, acknowledges the importance of a comprehensive and sustainable settlement of the situation in Somalia, and emphasizes the need to address the underlying causes of piracy and to assist Somalia and States in the region, at their request, in strengthening institutional capacity to fight piracy and tackle its underlying causes, including the financing or facilitation of acts of piracy, and armed robbery against ships off the coast of Somalia and to bring to justice those involved in such acts; 135. Notes the International Maritime Organization guidelines to assist in the investigation of the crimes of piracy and armed robbery against ships, revised interim guidance to shipowners, ship operators and shipmasters on the use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high-risk area, revised interim recommendations for flag States regarding the use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high-risk area, revised interim recommendations for port and coastal States regarding the use of privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high-risk area, interim guidance to private maritime security companies providing privately contracted armed security personnel on board ships in the high-risk area, and interim guidance for flag States on measures to prevent and mitigate Somalia-based piracy; 136. Welcomes the successful cooperation between China and Somalia in transferring suspected pirates in May 2017, as well as the successful prosecution of piracy cases in Belgium, India, Mauritius and Seychelles, as reflected in Security Council resolution 2383 (2017) of 7 November 2017; 137. Notes with concern that the continuing limited capacity and domestic legislation to facilitate the custody and prosecution of suspected pirates after their capture has hindered more robust international action against pirates off the coast of Somalia; 138. Encourages States to ensure that ships flying their flag apply ship security measures approved in accordance with national and international law; 139. Notes the efforts made by the shipping industry to cooperate with the efforts by States regarding piracy off the coast of Somalia, in particular in assisting ships that navigate in that area, and recalls the adoption on 30 November 2011 by the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization of resolution A.1044(27) on piracy and armed robbery against ships in waters off the coast of Somalia; 140. Also notes the continued implementation of the Code of Conduct concerning the Repression of Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden (Djibouti Code of Conduct), adopted on 29 January 2009 under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization, in the four thematic areas of information-sharing, training, national legislation and capacity- building, and notes the adoption in January 2017 of the Jeddah Amendment to the Djibouti Code of Conduct; 141. Expresses its deep concern at the continuing incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea, in particular violence against innocent crew members of vessels, notes the adoption by the Security Council of resolutions 2018 (2011) of 31 October 2011 and 2039 (2012) of 29 February 2012 and the Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 25/58 18-21627 statement by the President of the Council of 25 April 2016,54 supports the recent efforts to address this problem at the global and regional levels, recalls the primary role of States in the region to counter the threat and address the underlying causes of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea, welcomes the adoption in Yaoundé on 25 June 2013 of the Code of Conduct concerning the Repression of Piracy, Armed Robbery against Ships, and Illegal Maritime Activity in West and Central Africa, and calls upon States in the region to implement the Code of Conduct as soon as possible and consistent with international law, in particular the Convention; 142. Urges States to ensure the full implementation of resolution A.1069(28) of the Assembly of the International Maritime Organization on prevention and suppression of piracy, armed robbery against ships and illicit maritime activity in the Gulf of Guinea; 143. Calls upon States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation55 and the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf,55 invites States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the 2005 Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation56 and the 2005 Protocol to the 1988 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 57 and urges States parties to take appropriate measures to ensure the effective implementation of those instruments through the adoption of legislation, where appropriate; 144. Calls upon States to effectively implement the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code and the amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,58 and to work with the International Maritime Organization to promote safe and secure shipping while ensuring freedom of navigation; 145. Urges all States, in cooperation with the International Maritime Organization, to improve the protection of offshore installations by adopting measures related to the prevention, reporting and investigation of acts of violence against installations, in accordance with international law, and by implementing such measures through national legislation to ensure proper and adequate enforcement; 146. Emphasizes the progress in regional cooperation, including the efforts of littoral States, on the enhancement of safety, security and environmental protection in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, and the effective functioning of the Cooperative Mechanism on Safety of Navigation and Environmental Protection in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore (the Cooperative Mechanism) to promote dialogue and facilitate close cooperation between the littoral States, user States, shipping industries and other stakeholders in line with article 43 of the Convention, notes with appreciation the convening of the eleventh Cooperation Forum, in Singapore on 24 and 25 September 2018, the eleventh Project Coordination Committee Meeting, in Singapore on 28 September 2018, the forty-third Tripartite Technical Experts Group Meeting, in Singapore on 26 and 27 September 2018, and the twentieth and twenty- first Aids to Navigation Fund Committee Meetings, in Penang, Malaysia, on 3 and 4 May 2018 and in Malacca, Malaysia, on 20 and 21 September 2018, respectively, __________________ 54 S/PRST/2016/4; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2015–31 December 2016 (S/INF/71). 55 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1678, No. 29004. 56 International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.15/21. 57 International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.15/22. 58 International Maritime Organization, documents SOLAS/CONF.5/32 and SOLAS/CONF.5/34, and document MSC 81/25/Add.1, annex 2, resolution MSC.202(81), introducing the long-range identification and tracking of ships system. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 26/58 the events being key pillars of the Cooperative Mechanism, also notes with appreciation the important role of the Information Sharing Centre of the Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia, based in Singapore, and calls upon States to give immediate attention to adopting, concluding and implementing cooperation agreements at the regional level; 147. Recognizes that some transnational organized criminal activities threaten legitimate uses of the oceans and endanger the lives of people at sea, as well as the livelihoods and security of coastal communities; 148. Notes that transnational organized criminal activities are diverse and may be interrelated in some cases and that criminal organizations are adaptive and take advantage of the vulnerabilities of States, in particular coastal and small island developing States in transit areas, and calls upon States and relevant intergovernmental organizations to increase cooperation and coordination at all levels to detect and suppress the smuggling of migrants, trafficking in persons and illicit trafficking in firearms, in accordance with international law; 149. Recognizes the importance of enhancing international cooperation at all levels to fight transnational organized criminal activities, including illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, within the scope of the United Nations instruments against illicit drug trafficking, as well as the smuggling of migrants, trafficking in persons and illicit trafficking in firearms and criminal activities at sea falling within the scope of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto;21 150. Encourages States to cooperate at the bilateral, regional and global levels to prevent, combat and eradicate illicit trafficking in protected species of wild fauna and flora where such trafficking occurs via maritime routes, through, inter alia, the use of applicable international legal instruments as appropriate, such as the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the United Nations Convention against Corruption 59 and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,60 and reiterates its call upon Member States expressed in its resolution 71/326 of 11 September 2017 to make illicit trafficking in protected species of wild fauna and flora a serious crime, in accordance with their national legislation and as defined in article 2 (b) and article 3, paragraph 1 (b), of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, in order to ensure that, where the offence is transnational in nature and involves an organized criminal group, effective international cooperation can be afforded under the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime to prevent and combat transnational organized crime; 151. Notes with grave concern the recent proliferation of, and endangerment of lives through, the smuggling of migrants by sea, underscores the necessity to address such situations in accordance with applicable international law, and encourages States, acting nationally or through relevant global or regional organizations, as appropriate, to provide technical assistance and capacity-building to flag, port and coastal States, upon request, to enhance their capabilities to prevent smuggling of migrants and human trafficking by sea; 152. Calls upon States, in that context, to take measures in accordance with relevant international obligations to prevent and combat all forms of trafficking in persons, to identify victims of human trafficking, including among migrant flows, and __________________ 59 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2349, No. 42146. 60 Ibid., vol. 993, No. 14537. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 27/58 18-21627 to provide trafficking victims with appropriate protection and assistance, according to their national law and policy; 153. Calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,61 the Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 62 and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,63 and to take appropriate measures to ensure their effective implementation; 154. Calls upon States to ensure freedom of navigation, the safety of navigation and the rights of transit passage, archipelagic sea lanes passage and innocent passage in accordance with international law, in particular the Convention; 155. Welcomes the work of the International Maritime Organization relating to the protection of shipping lanes of strategic importance and significance, and in particular in enhancing safety, security and environmental protection in straits used for international navigation, and calls upon that Organization, States bordering straits and user States to continue their cooperation to keep such straits safe, secure and environmentally protected and open to international navigation at all times, consistent with international law, in particular the Convention; 156. Calls upon user States and States bordering straits used for international navigation to continue to cooperate by agreement on matters relating to navigational safety, including safety aids for navigation, and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from ships, and welcomes developments in this regard; 157. Calls upon States that have accepted the amendments to regulation XI-1/6 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, 64 to implement the Code of International Standards and Recommended Practices for a Safety Investigation into a Marine Casualty or Marine Incident, 65 which took effect on 1 January 2010, and, in particular, to comply with the mandatory conduct of a marine safety investigation into very serious marine casualties and submission of a marine safety investigation report to the International Maritime Organization to identify trends and develop knowledge and risk-based recommendations; 158. Takes note of International Maritime Organization resolution A.1091 (28) of 4 December 2013 on guidelines on the preservation and collection of evidence following an allegation of a serious crime having taken place on board a ship or following a report of a missing person from a ship, and pastoral and medical care of persons affected; 159. Recognizes the important work of the International Hydrographic Organization, calls upon States that have not yet done so to consider becoming members of that Organization, encourages all its members to actively consider, in accordance with applicable rules and procedures, applications of States that wish to become members of that Organization, and urges all States to work with that Organization to increase the coverage of hydrographic information on a global basis __________________ 61 Ibid., vol. 2241, No. 39574. 62 Ibid., vol. 2326, No. 39574. 63 Ibid., vol. 2237, No. 39574. 64 International Maritime Organization, document MSC 84/24/Add.1, annex 3, resolution MSC.257(84). 65 International Maritime Organization, document MSC 84/24/Add.1, annex 1, resolution MSC.255(84). A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 28/58 to enhance capacity-building and technical assistance and to promote safe navigation, particularly through the production and use of accurate electronic navigational charts, especially in areas used for international navigation, in ports and where there are vulnerable or protected marine areas; 160. Also recognizes the importance of navigational warning services based on marine meteorological data for the safety of ships and lives at sea and the optimization of navigation routes, and notes the collaboration between the World Meteorological Organization and the International Maritime Organization for the enhancement of these services and their extension to the Arctic region; 161. Encourages States to continue their efforts in the implementation of all areas of the Action Plan for the Safety of Transport of Radioactive Material, approved by the Board of Governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency in March 2004; 162. Notes that cessation of the transport of radioactive materials through the regions of small island developing States is an ultimate desired goal of small island developing States and some other countries, and recognizes the right of freedom of navigation in accordance with international law; that States should maintain dialogue and consultation, in particular under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the International Maritime Organization, with the aim of improved mutual understanding, confidence-building and enhanced communication in relation to the safe maritime transport of radioactive materials; that States involved in the transport of such materials are urged to continue to engage in dialogue with small island developing States and other States to address their concerns; and that these concerns include the further development and strengthening, within the appropriate forums, of international regulatory regimes to enhance safety, disclosure, liability, security and compensation in relation to such transport; 163. Acknowledges, in the context of paragraph 162 above, the potential environmental and economic impacts of maritime incidents and accidents on coastal States, in particular those related to the transport of radioactive materials, and emphasizes the importance of effective liability regimes in that regard; 164. Invites States that have not yet done so to consider becoming parties to the Nairobi International Convention on the Removal of Wrecks, 2007; 66 165. Requests States to take appropriate measures with regard to ships flying their flag or of their registry to address hazards that may be caused by wrecks and drifting or sunken cargo to navigation or the marine environment; 166. Calls upon States to ensure that masters on ships flying their flag take the steps required by relevant instruments67 to provide assistance to persons in distress at sea, and urges States to cooperate and to take all measures necessary to ensure the effective implementation of the amendments to the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue68 and to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea69 relating to the delivery of persons rescued at sea to a place of safety, as well as of the associated Guidelines on the Treatment of Persons Rescued at Sea;70 __________________ 66 International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.16/19. 67 Convention on International Civil Aviation, 1944, annex 12, International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979, as amended, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982, and International Convention on Salvage, 1989. 68 International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.1, annex 5, resolution MSC.155(78). 69 International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.1, annex 3, resolution MSC.153(78). 70 International Maritime Organization, document MSC 78/26/Add.2, annex 34, resolution MSC.167(78). Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 29/58 18-21627 167. Recognizes that all States must fulfil their search and rescue responsibilities in accordance with international law, including the Convention, reaffirms the ongoing need for the International Maritime Organization and other relevant organizations to assist, in particular, developing States both to increase and improve their search and rescue capabilities, including, as appropriate, through the establishment of additional rescue coordination centres and regional sub-centres, and to take effective action to address, to the extent feasible, the issue of unseaworthy ships and small craft within their national jurisdiction, and emphasizes in this regard the importance of cooperation for these purposes, including within the framework of the International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue, 1979; 71 168. Notes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and other relevant actors in relation to disembarkation of persons rescued at sea, notes in this regard the need to implement all relevant and applicable international instruments and the importance of cooperation among States as provided for in those instruments, and underlines in particular the importance of full respect for the principle of non-refoulement in accordance with applicable international law; 169. Invites States to implement the Revised Guidelines on the Prevention of Access by Stowaways and the Allocation of Responsibilities to Seek the Successful Resolution of Stowaway Cases, adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee of the International Maritime Organization in its resolution MSC.448(99) of 24 May 2018 and by the Facilitation Committee of that Organization in its resolution FAL.13(42) of 8 June 2018; 170. Calls upon States to continue to cooperate in developing comprehensive approaches to international migration and development, including through dialogue on all their aspects; 171. Also calls upon States to take measures to protect fibre-optic submarine cables and to fully address issues relating to these cables, in accordance with international law, as reflected in the Convention; 172. Encourages greater dialogue and cooperation among States and the relevant regional and global organizations through workshops and seminars on the protection and maintenance of fibre-optic submarine cables to promote the security of such critical communications infrastructure; 173. Also encourages the adoption by States of laws and regulations addressing the breaking or injury of submarine cables or pipelines beneath the high seas done wilfully or through culpable negligence by a ship flying its flag or by a person subject to its jurisdiction, in accordance with international law, as reflected in the Convention; 174. Affirms the importance of maintenance, including the repair, of submarine cables, undertaken in conformity with international law, as reflected in the Convention; 175. Reaffirms that flag, port and coastal States all bear responsibility for ensuring the effective implementation and enforcement of international instruments relating to maritime security and safety, in accordance with international law, in particular the Convention, and that flag States have primary responsibility that requires further strengthening, including through increased transparency of ownership of vessels and the monitoring of organizations authorized to carry out surveys and issue certificates on their behalf, taking into account the entry into force of the Code for Recognized Organizations on 1 January 2015;72 __________________ 71 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1405, No. 23489. 72 International Maritime Organization, resolutions MSC.349(92) and MEPC.237(65). A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 30/58 176. Urges flag States without an effective maritime administration and appropriate legal frameworks to establish or enhance the necessary infrastructure, legislative and enforcement capabilities to ensure effective compliance with and implementation and enforcement of their responsibilities under international law, in particular the Convention, and, until such action is taken, to consider declining the granting of the right to fly their flag to new vessels, suspending their registry or not opening a registry, and calls upon flag and port States to take all measures consistent with international law necessary to prevent the operation of substandard vessels; 177. Recognizes that international shipping rules and standards adopted by the International Maritime Organization in respect of maritime safety, efficiency of navigation and the prevention and control of marine pollution, complemented by best practices of the shipping industry, have led to a significant reduction in maritime accidents and pollution incidents; 178. Notes that audits of Member States under the International Maritime Organization Member State Audit Scheme became mandatory in January 2016 under nine mandatory International Maritime Organization instruments and are to be carried out in accordance with the Framework and the Procedures for the International Maritime Organization Member State Audit Scheme and using the International Maritime Organization Instruments Implementation Code (III Code);73 179. Encourages States and competent international organizations and bodies to support the effective implementation of the requirements of the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code), adopted by the International Maritime Organization under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, as amended, 74 including relevant requirements of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, as amended; 75 180. Notes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization on matters related to passenger ship safety in light of recent accidents, and encourages States and competent international organizations and bodies to support continued efforts, including technical cooperation activities, to improve passenger ship safety; 181. Recognizes that maritime safety can also be improved through effective port State control, the strengthening of regional arrangements and increased coordination and cooperation among them and increased transparency and information-sharing, making ample use of information systems, such as the International Maritime Organization Global Integrated Shipping Information System,76 including among safety and security sectors; 182. Encourages flag States to take appropriate measures sufficient to achieve or maintain recognition by intergovernmental arrangements that recognize satisfactory flag State performance, including, as appropriate, satisfactory port State control examination results on a sustained basis, with a view to improving quality shipping and furthering flag State implementation of relevant instruments under the __________________ 73 See International Maritime Organization, Assembly resolutions A.1018(26), A.1067(28), A.1068(28) and A.1070(28). 74 International Maritime Organization, document MEPC 62/24/Add.1, annex 19, resolution MEPC.203(62). 75 International Maritime Organization, resolutions MSC.385(94) and MEPC.264(68) and related amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (resolution MSC.386(94)) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (resolution MEPC.265(68)). 76 International Maritime Organization, Assembly resolutions A.1029(26) and A.1074(28). Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 31/58 18-21627 International Maritime Organization as well as relevant goals and objectives of the present resolution; 183. Takes note with appreciation of the important contribution of the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities to the improvement and harmonization of marine aids to navigation for the reduction of marine accidents, increased safety of life and property at sea and the protection of the marine environment; IX Marine environment and marine resources 184. Emphasizes once again the importance of the implementation of Part XII of the Convention in order to protect and preserve the marine environment and its living marine resources against pollution and physical degradation, and calls upon all States to cooperate and take measures consistent with the Convention, directly or through competent international organizations, for the protection and preservation of the marine environment; 185. Calls upon States to implement the Sustainable Development Goals outlined in the outcome document of the United Nations summit for the adoption of the post-2015 development agenda, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” as adopted by the General Assembly in resolution 70/1, including Goal 14 to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, and recalls that the Goals and targets are integrated and indivisible; 186. Reiterates, in this regard, the call made in the declaration entitled “Our ocean, our future: call for action” for action to be taken on an urgent basis to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development;77 187. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States committed themselves to protect and restore the health, productivity and resilience of oceans and marine ecosystems, to maintain their biodiversity, enabling their conservation and sustainable use for present and future generations, and to effectively apply an ecosystem approach and the precautionary approach in the management, in accordance with international law, of activities having an impact on the marine environment, to deliver on all three dimensions of sustainable development; 188. Reaffirms paragraph 119 of resolution 61/222 of 20 December 2006 regarding ecosystem approaches and oceans, including the proposed elements of an ecosystem approach, means to achieve implementation of an ecosystem approach and requirements for improved application of an ecosystem approach, and in this regard: (a) Notes that continued environmental degradation in many parts of the world and increasing competing demands require an urgent response and the setting of priorities for management actions aimed at conserving ecosystem integrity; (b) Also notes that ecosystem approaches to ocean management should be focused on managing human activities in order to maintain and, where needed, restore ecosystem health to sustain goods and environmental services, provide social and economic benefits for food security, sustain livelihoods in support of international development goals, including those contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration,78 and conserve marine biodiversity; __________________ 77 Resolution 71/312, annex. 78 Resolution 55/2. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 32/58 (c) Recalls that States should be guided in the application of ecosystem approaches by a number of existing instruments, in particular the Convention, which sets out the legal framework for all activities in the oceans and seas, and its implementing Agreements, as well as other commitments, such as those contained in the Convention on Biological Diversity 79 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development call for the application of an ecosystem approach by 2010, 16 and in this context encourages States to enhance their efforts towards applying such an approach; (d) Encourages States to cooperate and coordinate their efforts and take, individually or jointly, as appropriate, all measures, in conformity with international law, including the Convention and other applicable instruments, to address impacts on marine ecosystems within and beyond areas of national jurisdiction, taking into account the integrity of the ecosystems concerned; 189. Encourages competent organizations and bodies that have not yet done so to incorporate an ecosystem approach into their mandates, as appropriate, in order to address impacts on marine ecosystems; 190. Acknowledges the request by the United Nations Environment Assembly at its second session, in paragraph 6 of its resolution 2/10, to the United Nations Environment Programme to step up its work, including through its Regional Seas Programme, on assisting countries and regions in the application of the ecosystem approach to managing the marine and coastal environment, including through enabling intersectoral cooperation in integrated coastal zone management and marine spatial planning;80 191. Encourages States, directly or through competent international organizations, to consider the further development and application, as appropriate and consistent with international law, including the Convention, of environmental impact assessment processes covering planned activities under their jurisdiction or control that may cause substantial pollution of or significant and harmful changes to the marine environment, and also encourages the communication of the reports of the results of such assessments to the competent international organizations in accordance with the Convention; 192. Recognizes the importance of improving understanding of the impact of climate change on oceans and seas, and recalls that, in “The future we want”, States noted that sea level rise and coastal erosion are serious threats for many coastal regions and islands, particularly in developing countries and in this regard called upon the international community to enhance its efforts to address these challenges; 193. Takes note of the findings of reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, including its Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5˚C, that increasing warming amplifies the exposure of small islands, low-lying coastal areas and deltas to the risks associated with sea level rise; 194. Also takes note of the decision by the International Law Commission at its seventieth session to include the topic “Sea-level rise in relation to international law” in its long-term programme of work;81 195. Notes the eighteenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process, which focused on the theme “The effects of climate change on oceans”, during which delegations discussed, inter alia, the environmental, social and economic impacts on all States, in particular developing States, of the effects of climate change on the __________________ 79 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1760, No. 30619. 80 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-first Session, Supplement No. 25 (A/71/25), annex. 81 Ibid., Seventy-third Session, Supplement No. 10 (A/73/10). Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 33/58 18-21627 oceans, as well as the urgent need to address such effects and impacts, the need for international cooperation and coordination, including concerted and immediate action to combat the effects of climate change on the oceans, as well as the need for continued coordinated international focus in recognition that, owing to the interconnected nature of the oceans, ensuing impacts cannot be overcome by any single State and, in particular, in view of the grave implications for countries with low-lying coasts, some of whose very existence is under threat;82 196. Notes with appreciation that, at its forty-third session, held in Nairobi from 11 to 13 April 2016, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change decided to prepare a special report on climate change and oceans and the cryosphere;83 197. Welcomes the Paris Agreement 84 and its early entry into force on 4 November 2016, encourages all its parties to fully implement the Agreement and parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 85 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, as appropriate, as soon as possible, and recognizes the importance of raising awareness of the adverse impact of climate change on the marine environment, marine biodiversity and sea level; 198. Also welcomes, in this regard, the convening of the twenty-fourth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the fourteenth session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and the third part of the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement in Katowice, Poland, from 3 to 14 December 2018; 199. Notes with concern the severe impacts on coastal communities of extreme weather events, such as tropical cyclones and associated storm surges, and encourages cooperative actions by relevant United Nations bodies and organizations, including the World Meteorological Organization and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission through the Joint WMO-IOC Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology, to assist States in improving forecasting of such events and its application in multi-hazard early warning systems and risk management; 200. Also notes with concern the approximately 30 per cent increase in the acidity of ocean surface waters since the beginning of the industrial era 86 and the wide range of impacts associated with the continuing and alarming acidification of the world’s oceans, and urges States to make significant efforts to tackle the causes of ocean acidification, recognizing countries’ national circumstances and respective capabilities, and to further study and minimize its impacts, to enhance local, national, regional and global cooperation in this regard, including the sharing of relevant information and the development of worldwide capacity, including in developing countries, to measure ocean acidification, and to take steps to make marine ecosystems healthier and, as a result, more resilient, to the extent possible, to the impacts of ocean acidification; 201. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States called for support for initiatives that address ocean acidification and the impacts of climate change on marine and coastal ecosystems and resources and in this regard reiterated the need to work collectively to prevent further ocean acidification, as well as to enhance the __________________ 82 A/72/95. 83 See Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, decision IPCC/XLIII-6. 84 See FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21, annex. 85 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822. 86 As stated in the 2013 report of Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on the physical science basis of climate change. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 34/58 resilience of marine ecosystems and of the communities whose livelihoods depend on them, and to support marine scientific research, monitoring and observation of ocean acidification and particularly vulnerable ecosystems, including through enhanced international cooperation in this regard; 202. Recognizes the attention paid to ocean acidification at the fourteenth and eighteenth meetings of the Informal Consultative Process, and commits itself to continue to pay attention to this important issue, including by taking into account the First Global Integrated Marine Assessment (the first World Ocean Assessment), the ongoing work of the Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre and the scientific cooperation fostered by the Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network; 203. Notes the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, notes with concern its findings on the acidification of the oceans and the substantial risks to marine ecosystems, especially polar ecosystems, coral reefs, plankton and other organisms which have a calcareous exoskeleton, or a shell, like crustaceans, and the potentially detrimental consequences for fisheries and livelihoods, as well as the findings of the World Meteorological Organization contained in its annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin, and notes its decision to foster collaboration with organizations and institutions that address the carbon budget of the ocean, 87 and in this regard encourages States and competent international organizations and other relevant institutions, individually and in cooperation, to urgently pursue further research on ocean acidification, especially programmes of observation and measurement, noting in particular the continued work under the Convention on Biological Diversity and to increase national, regional and global efforts to address levels of ocean acidity and the negative impact of such acidity on vulnerable marine ecosystems, particularly coral reefs; 204. Also notes, in this regard, the holding in Monaco, from 15 to 17 October 2017, of the fourth International Workshop on the Socioeconomic Impacts of Ocean Acidification, organized by the Scientific Centre of Monaco and the Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre of the International Atomic Energy Agency, which focused on the impacts on coral reefs, which are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification and to bleaching induced or exacerbated by global warming, and proposed ecological and socioeconomic solutions, in particular the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, the control of land-based pollution, the enhancement of coral reef resilience, as well as the promotion of sustainable economies, the monitoring of coral reef health, and restoration programmes; 205. Encourages States, individually or in collaboration with relevant international organizations and bodies, to enhance their scientific activity to better understand the effects of climate change on the marine environment and marine biodiversity, support continued coordination of scientific work to study and minimize the impacts of ocean acidification and develop ways and means of adaptation, taking into account, as appropriate, the precautionary approach and ecosystem approaches; 206. Notes the vital role that coastal blue carbon ecosystems, including mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrasses, play in climate adaptation and mitigation through carbon sequestration, and in increasing the resilience of coastal ecosystems to ocean acidification, and the range of other benefits that these ecosystems provide, including sustainable livelihoods, food security and biodiversity conservation, and coastal protection, and encourages States and relevant international institutions and __________________ 87 World Meteorological Organization, Seventeenth World Meteorological Congress, Geneva, 25 May–12 June 2015, resolution 46 (Cg-17). Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 35/58 18-21627 organizations to work collaboratively to protect and restore coastal blue carbon ecosystems; 207. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States noted with concern that the health of oceans and marine biodiversity are negatively affected by marine pollution, including marine debris, especially plastic, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals and nitrogen-based compounds, from a number of marine and land-based sources, including shipping and land run-off, and that States committed to take action to reduce the incidence and impacts of such pollution on marine ecosystems, including through the effective implementation of relevant conventions adopted in the framework of the International Maritime Organization, and the follow-up of relevant initiatives such as the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities,88 as well as the adoption of coordinated strategies to this end, and that they further committed to take action, by 2025, based on collected scientific data, to achieve significant reductions in marine debris to prevent harm to the coastal and marine environment; 208. Encourages States, in accordance with the commitment expressed in “The future we want” and based on collected scientific data, to take action by 2025 to achieve significant reductions in marine debris to prevent harm to the coastal and marine environment; 209. Notes the discussions at the seventeenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process, which focused on the theme “Marine debris, plastics and microplastics” and which, inter alia, highlighted that the size of the problem had increased exponentially since the topic of marine debris was addressed at the sixth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process, in 2005, noted that marine debris in general, and plastics in particular, were some of the greatest environmental concerns of our time, along with climate change, ocean acidification and loss of biodiversity, discussed prevention and emphasized the need to address the issue, both downstream, through improved mechanisms for waste management, disposal and recycling, and upstream, by addressing consumption and production patterns, including through awareness-raising campaigns;89 210. Recognizes the need for better understanding of the sources, amounts, pathways, distribution, trends, nature and impacts of marine debris, especially plastics and microplastics, and to examine possible measures and best available techniques and environmental practices to prevent its accumulation and minimize its levels in the marine environment, and welcomes in this regard the work conducted under the Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection, led by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, and its report entitled “Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment – a global assessment”, and the report of the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme on marine plastic debris and microplastics, which reviews best-available knowledge and experiences in this regard and gives recommendations for further steps to reduce plastic litter and microplastic in the oceans; 90 211. Notes that the UNEP Frontiers 2016 Report identifies microplastics as one of six key emerging environmental issues, and calls upon States to implement resolution 3/7 on marine litter and microplastics, adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme at its third session, held in Nairobi from 4 to 6 December 2017;9 __________________ 88 A/51/116, annex II. 89 See A/71/204. 90 UNEP/EA.2/5. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 36/58 212. Acknowledges the decision of the United Nations Environment Assembly in paragraph 10 of its resolution 3/7 to convene, subject to the availability of resources, meetings of an open-ended ad hoc expert group to further examine the barriers to and options for combating marine plastic litter and microplastics from all sources, especially land-based sources, and its request to the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme to provide a progress update to the United Nations Environment Assembly at its fourth session on the programme of work, including on the result of the meetings; 213. Welcomes the activities of relevant United Nations bodies and organizations, in particular the United Nations Environment Programme, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the International Maritime Organization and other intergovernmental organizations, to address the sources and impacts of marine debris, including through the Global Partnership on Marine Litter, as well as actions relating to marine debris taken under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, 91 in particular the adoption by the Conference of the Parties to that Convention at its twelfth meeting of resolution 12.20 on the management of marine debris, and notes the work of the International Whaling Commission on assessing the impacts of marine debris on cetaceans; 214. Encourages States to further develop partnerships with industry and civil society to raise awareness of the extent of the impact of marine debris on the biological diversity, health and productivity of the marine environment and consequent economic loss and to cooperate with other States, industry and civil society, as appropriate, on environmentally sound and cost-effective measures to prevent and reduce, as appropriate, marine debris and microplastics in the marine environment, including through strengthened cooperation under the Global Partnership on Marine Litter; 215. Urges States to integrate the issue of marine debris into national and, as appropriate, regional strategies dealing with waste management, especially in the coastal zone, ports and maritime industries, including recycling, reuse, reduction and disposal, to consider developing an integrated waste management infrastructure and to encourage the development of appropriate economic incentives with the aim of reducing marine debris to address this issue, including the development of cost- recovery systems that provide an incentive to use port reception facilities and discourage ships from discharging marine debris at sea, and support for measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution from any source, including land-based sources, such as community-based coastal and waterway clean-up and monitoring activities, and encourages States to cooperate regionally and subregionally to identify potential sources and coastal and oceanic locations where marine debris aggregates and to develop and implement joint prevention programmes for marine debris and to develop and implement environmentally sound options for recovery programmes, as well as to raise awareness of the issue of marine debris and the need to consider environmentally sound options for its removal; 216. Notes the activities carried out by organizations at the regional level to develop and implement regional action plans and other joint prevention and recovery programmes for marine debris, and further notes in this regard the second Extraordinary Intergovernmental Meeting of the Coordinating Body on the Seas of East Asia, held in Bangkok on 25 and 26 April 2018, which adopted new five-year Strategic Directions focusing on land-based pollution, including marine litter, nutrients and waste water, as well as ecosystem-based coastal and marine planning and management, the first Executive Board meeting of the secretariat of the Pacific __________________ 91 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1651, No. 28395. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 37/58 18-21627 Regional Environment Programme, held in Apia on 10 and 11 September 2018, which endorsed and approved the Pacific marine litter action plan, which sets out the policy context and key actions to minimize marine litter across the Pacific islands countries and territories, and the twenty-second Intergovernmental Meeting of the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, in Toyama, Japan, from 19 to 21 December 2017; 217. Also notes the work done under the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation framework to share best practices, enable innovative waste management financing and encourage public-private partnerships in order to prevent and reduce marine debris, including the workshops on “Capacity Building for Marine Debris Prevention and Management in the APEC Region” in Busan, Republic of Korea, from 19 to 22 June 2018 and on “Innovative Marine Debris Solutions” in Beijing on 26 July 2018, and the APEC Marine Debris Stakeholder Meeting on “Improving Data and Coordination and Developing New Partnerships” in Bali, Indonesia, on 2 and 3 November 2018; 218. Encourages States that have not yet done so to become parties to international agreements addressing the protection and preservation of the marine environment and its living marine resources against the introduction of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens and marine pollution from all sources, including the dumping of wastes and other matter, and other forms of physical degradation, as well as agreements that provide for preparedness for, response to and cooperation on pollution incidents and that include provisions on liability and compensation for damage resulting from marine pollution, and to adopt the necessary measures consistent with international law, including the Convention, aimed at implementing and enforcing the rules contained in those agreements; 219. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States noted the significant threat that alien invasive species pose to marine ecosystems and resources and committed to implement measures to prevent the introduction and manage the adverse environmental impacts of alien invasive species, including, as appropriate, those adopted in the framework of the International Maritime Organization; 220. Encourages States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004, 92 and also encourages States to consider implementing the Guidelines for the control and management of ships’ biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species, adopted by the International Maritime Organization in resolution MEPC.207(62) of 15 July 2011; 221. Notes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization to prevent pollution from ships, including through the designation of Special Areas under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, as amended, 93 welcomes the adoption by the Marine Environment Protection Committee of an action plan to address marine plastic litter from ships,94 and encourages the International Maritime Organization to continue working on the prevention of pollution from ships; 222. Encourages States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Protocol of 1997 (annex VI – Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from __________________ 92 International Maritime Organization, document BWM/CONF/36, annex. 93 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, annex IV (Regulations for the prevention of pollution by sewage from ships) and annex V (Regulations for the prevention of pollution by garbage from ships). 94 International Maritime Organization, resolution MEPC.310(73). A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 38/58 Ships) to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, as amended; 95 223. Notes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization and the resolution on International Maritime Organization policies and practices related to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships, 96 and in this regard also notes its adoption of an initial strategy on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from ships;97 224. Urges States to cooperate in correcting the shortfall in port waste reception facilities in accordance with the action plan to address the inadequacy of port waste reception facilities developed by the International Maritime Organization; 225. Encourages States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009 98 to facilitate its entry into force; 226. Encourages continued cooperation between the parties to the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal99 and the International Maritime Organization on regulations on the prevention of pollution from ships; 227. Notes the role of the Basel Convention in protecting the marine environment against the adverse effects which may result from such wastes; 228. Notes with concern the potential for serious environmental consequences resulting from oil spill incidents or pollution incidents involving hazardous or noxious substances, urges States, consistent with international law, to cooperate, directly or through competent international organizations, and share best practices, in the fields of protection of the marine environment, human health and safety, prevention, emergency response and mitigation, and in this regard encourages the undertaking of and collaboration on scientific research, including marine scientific research, to better understand the consequences of marine oil spills or marine spills involving hazardous or noxious substances; 229. Encourages States, in accordance with international law, including the Convention and other relevant instruments, either bilaterally or regionally, to jointly develop and promote contingency plans for responding to pollution incidents, as well as other incidents that are likely to have significant adverse effects on the marine environment and biodiversity; 230. Encourages States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation, 1990, 100 and the Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Cooperation to Pollution Incidents by Hazardous and Noxious Substances, 2000, of the International Maritime Organization, and in this regard to consider developing and joining regional arrangements to enhance international cooperation for combating major oil and hazardous substances pollution incidents; __________________ 95 International Maritime Organization, document MEPC 62/24/Add.1, annex 19, resolution MEPC.203(62). 96 International Maritime Organization, Assembly resolution A.963(23). 97 International Maritime Organization, document MEPC 72/17/Add.1, annex 11, resolution MEPC.304(72). 98 International Maritime Organization, document SR/CONF/45. 99 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1673, No. 28911. 100 Ibid., vol. 1891, No. 32194. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 39/58 18-21627 231. Encourages States to consider becoming parties to the 2010 Protocol to the 1996 International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea; 101 232. Recognizes that most of the pollution load of the oceans emanates from land-based activities and affects the most productive areas of the marine environment, and calls upon States, as a matter of priority, to implement the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities and to take all appropriate measures to fulfil the commitments of the international community embodied in the Bali Declaration on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, adopted at the Fourth Intergovernmental Review Meeting on the Implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, held in Bali, Indonesia, on 31 October and 1 November 2018; 233. Welcomes the continued work of States, the United Nations Environment Programme and regional organizations in the implementation of the Global Programme of Action, and encourages increased emphasis on the link between fresh water, the coastal zone and marine resources in the implementation of international development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration, and of the time-bound targets in the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation), 16 in particular the target on sanitation, and the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development;102 234. Expresses its concern regarding the spreading of hypoxic dead zones and harmful algal blooms in oceans as a result of eutrophication fuelled by riverine run- off of fertilizers, sewage outfall and reactive nitrogen resulting from the burning of fossil fuels and resulting in serious consequences for ecosystem functioning, and calls upon States to enhance their efforts to reduce eutrophication, particularly by reducing total nutrient pollution from land-based sources and, to this effect, to continue to cooperate within the framework of relevant international organizations, in particular the Global Programme of Action and the Global Partnership on Nutrient Management and Global Wastewater Initiative, including through capacity-building initiatives and efforts to monitor, via the Global Ocean Observing System, stressors such as harmful algal blooms, areas of hypoxia, sargassum seaweed invasions and jellyfish blooms, to assess their possible linkage to eutrophication and their potential adverse impacts on the marine environment as well as on human health; 235. Encourages States that have not yet done so to take, as soon as possible, the domestic measures necessary to enable them to meet their obligations upon ratification and, thereafter, to ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Minamata Convention on Mercury;103 236. Calls upon all States to ensure that urban and coastal development projects and related land-reclamation activities are carried out in a responsible manner that protects the marine habitat and environment and mitigates the negative consequences of such activities; 237. Encourages States that have not yet done so to become parties to the 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 (the London Protocol); __________________ 101 International Maritime Organization, document LEG/CONF.17/10. 102 Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex. 103 United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP(DTIE)/Hg/CONF/4, annex II. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 40/58 238. Recalls the resolution of the thirtieth Consultative Meeting of Contracting Parties to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972 (the London Convention) and the third Meeting of Contracting Parties to the London Protocol, held from 27 to 31 October 2008, on the regulation of ocean fertilization,104 in which the Contracting Parties agreed, inter alia, that the scope of the London Convention and Protocol includes ocean fertilization activities and that, given the present state of knowledge, ocean fertilization activities other than for legitimate scientific research should not be allowed, and that scientific research proposals should be assessed on a case-by-case basis using an assessment framework that was subsequently developed and adopted in 2010 by the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and Protocol, namely, the Assessment Framework for Scientific Research Involving Ocean Fertilization, 105 and also agreed that, to this end, such other activities should be considered as contrary to the aims of the London Convention and Protocol and should not currently qualify for any exemption from the definition of dumping in article III, paragraph 1 (b), of the London Convention and article 1, paragraph 4.2, of the London Protocol;105 239. Notes the continued work of the Contracting Parties to the London Convention and Protocol towards a global, transparent and effective control and regulatory mechanism for ocean fertilization activities and other activities that fall within the scope of the London Convention and Protocol and have the potential to cause harm to the marine environment, and notes the resolution adopted by the eighth Meeting of Contracting Parties to the London Protocol, held from 14 to 18 October 2013, on the amendment to the London Protocol to regulate the placement of matter for ocean fertilization and other marine geoengineering activities; 106 240. Recalls decision IX/16 C, adopted at the ninth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Bonn, from 19 to 30 May 2008,107 in which the Conference of the Parties, inter alia, bearing in mind the ongoing scientific and legal analysis occurring under the auspices of the London Convention and Protocol, requested parties and urged other Governments, in accordance with the precautionary approach, to ensure that ocean fertilization activities were not carried out until there was an adequate scientific basis on which to justify such activities, including an assessment of associated risks, and that a global, transparent and effective control and regulatory mechanism was in place for those activities, with the exception of small-scale scientific research studies within coastal waters, and stated that such studies should be authorized only if justified by the need to gather specific scientific data, should be subject to a thorough prior assessment of the potential impacts of the research studies on the marine environment, should be strictly controlled and should not be used for generating and selling carbon offsets or for any other commercial purposes, and takes note of decision X/29, adopted at the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Nagoya, Japan, from 18 to 29 October 2010, 108 in which the Conference of the Parties requested parties to implement decision IX/16 C; 241. Also recalls that, in “The future we want”, States stressed their concern about the potential environmental impacts of ocean fertilization, recalled in this regard the decisions related to ocean fertilization adopted by the relevant intergovernmental bodies, and resolved to continue addressing ocean fertilization with utmost caution, consistent with the precautionary approach; __________________ 104 International Maritime Organization, document LC 30/16, annex 6, resolution LC-LP.1 (2008). 105 International Maritime Organization, document LC 32/15 and Corr.1, annex 5, resolution LC-LP.2 (2010). 106 International Maritime Organization, document LC 35/15, annex 4, resolution LP.4(8). 107 See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/9/29, annex I. 108 See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27, annex. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 41/58 18-21627 242. Encourages States that have not done so to become parties to regional seas conventions and the protocols thereto addressing the protection and preservation of the marine environment; 243. Invites States, in particular those States with advanced technology and marine capabilities, to explore prospects for improving cooperation with and assistance to developing States, in particular least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, with a view to better integrating into national policies and programmes sustainable and effective development in the marine sector; 244. Notes the information compiled by the Secretariat 109 in relation to the assistance available to and measures that may be taken by developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, as well as coastal African States, to realize the benefits of sustainable and effective development of marine resources and uses of the oceans, as provided by States and competent international organizations and global and regional funding agencies, and urges them to provide information for the annual report of the Secretary-General and for incorporation on the website of the Division; X Marine biodiversity 245. Reaffirms its central role relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction; 246. Notes the work and contributions of States and relevant intergovernmental organizations and bodies in the context of the Ad Hoc Open-ended Informal Working Group to study issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction, and the extensive and complex discussions and exchange of views at the four sessions of the Preparatory Committee established by resolution 69/292: Development of an international legally binding instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, which concluded on 21 July 2017, as well as the report of the Preparatory Committee and the recommendations contained therein; 110 247. Recalls, in this regard, its resolution 72/249, and welcomes the holding of the organizational meeting from 16 to 18 April 2018 to discuss organizational matters, including the process for the preparation of the zero draft of the instrument; 248. Welcomes the holding of the first session of the intergovernmental conference convened under resolution 72/249, from 4 to 17 September 2018, and takes note of the substantive discussions that addressed the topics identified in the package agreed in 2011, namely, the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, in particular, together and as a whole, marine genetic resources, including questions on the sharing of benefits, measures such as area-based management tools, including marine protected areas, environmental impact assessments, and capacity-building and the transfer of marine technology, and further takes note that the President of the conference will prepare, as part of the preparations for the second session of the conference, a document with the aim of facilitating focused discussions and text-based negotiations, containing treaty language and reflecting options concerning the four elements of the package; __________________ 109 A/63/342. 110 A/AC.287/2017/PC.4/2. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 42/58 249. Requests the Secretary-General to convene the second and third sessions of the intergovernmental conference from 25 March to 5 April 2019 and from 19 to 30 August 2019; 250. Recognizes the abundance and diversity of marine genetic resources and their value in terms of the benefits, goods and services they can provide; 251. Also recognizes the importance of research on marine genetic resources for the purpose of enhancing the scientific understanding, potential use and application, and enhanced management of marine ecosystems; 252. Encourages States and international organizations, including through bilateral, regional and global cooperation programmes and partnerships, to continue in a sustainable and comprehensive way to support, promote and strengthen capacity- building activities, in particular in developing countries, in the field of marine scientific research, taking into account, in particular, the need to improve capacities in the field of taxonomy; 253. Notes the work under the Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity 111 and the Convention on Biological Diversity elaborated programme of work on marine and coastal biological diversity, 112 and, while reiterating the central role of the General Assembly relating to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, notes with appreciation the complementary technical and scientific work done by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity; 254. Reaffirms the need for States, individually or through competent international organizations, to urgently consider ways to integrate and improve, based on the best available scientific information and the precautionary approach and in accordance with the Convention and related agreements and instruments, the management of risks to the marine biodiversity of seamounts, cold water corals, hydrothermal vents and certain other underwater features; 255. Invites Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to implement the voluntary specific workplan on biodiversity in cold water areas within the jurisdictional scope of that Convention, adopted in 2016 by the thirteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to that Convention;113 256. Calls upon States and international organizations to urgently take further action to address, in accordance with international law, destructive practices that have adverse impacts on marine biodiversity and ecosystems, including seamounts, hydrothermal vents and cold water corals; 257. Calls upon States to strengthen, in a manner consistent with international law, in particular the Convention, the conservation and management of marine biodiversity and ecosystems, and national policies in relation to area-based management tools, including marine protected areas; 258. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States reaffirmed the importance of area-based conservation measures, including marine protected areas, consistent with international law and based on best available scientific information, as a tool for conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of its components, and noted decision X/2 of the tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, that by 2020, 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, __________________ 111 See A/51/312, annex II, decision II/10. 112 United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21, annex, decision VII/5, annex I. 113 United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/13/25, sect. I, decision XIII/11, annex II. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 43/58 18-21627 especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are to be conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area- based conservation measures;108 259. Encourages States, in this regard, to further progress towards the establishment of marine protected areas, including representative networks, and calls upon States to further consider options to identify and protect ecologically or biologically significant areas, consistent with international law and on the basis of the best available scientific information; 260. Invites States to identify measures to achieve Aichi Biodiversity Target 11, enshrined in decision X/2 of the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, and takes note of the announcements made by some States in this regard; 261. Reaffirms the need for States to continue and intensify their efforts, directly and through competent international organizations, to develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and tools for conserving and managing vulnerable marine ecosystems, including the possible establishment of marine protected areas, consistent with international law, as reflected in the Convention, and based on the best scientific information available; 262. Notes the work of States, relevant intergovernmental organizations and bodies, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, in the assessment of scientific information on and compilation of ecological criteria for the identification of marine areas that may require protection, in the light of the objective of the World Summit on Sustainable Development to develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and tools, such as ecosystem approaches and the establishment of marine protected areas consistent with international law, as reflected in the Convention, and based on scientific information, including representative networks; 16 263. Recalls that the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, at its ninth meeting, adopted scientific criteria for identifying ecologically or biologically significant marine areas in need of protection in open-ocean waters and deep-sea habitats and scientific guidance for selecting areas to establish a representative network of marine protected areas, including in open-ocean waters and deep-sea habitats,114 and notes the ongoing work under the Convention on Biological Diversity on the application of the scientific criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas through the organization of a series of regional workshops; 264. Also recalls that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has developed guidance for the identification of vulnerable marine ecosystems through the International Guidelines for the Management of Deep-sea Fisheries in the High Seas, and notes its ongoing work to support application of the Guidelines by States and to maintain a database of vulnerable marine ecosystems; 265. Notes with appreciation the work of the Sustainable Ocean Initiative under the Convention on Biological Diversity, and notes in this regard the second meeting of the Sustainable Ocean Initiative Global Dialogue with Regional Seas Organizations and Regional Fisheries Bodies on Accelerating Progress Towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and Sustainable Development Goals, held in Seoul from 10 to 13 April 2018; 266. Notes the ongoing work of the International Maritime Organization to identify and designate as Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas marine areas which are __________________ 114 United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/9/29, annex I, decision IX/20, annexes I and II. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 44/58 recognized for their significance in terms of ecological, socioeconomic or scientific criteria and are vulnerable to damage by international shipping activities; 115 267. Acknowledges the Micronesia Challenge, the Eastern Tropical Pacific Seascape project, the Caribbean Challenge and the Coral Triangle Initiative, which seek to create and link domestic marine protected areas to better facilitate ecosystem approaches, notes the Phoenix Islands Protected Area as a multinational partnership, and reaffirms the need for further international cooperation, coordination and collaboration in support of such initiatives; 268. Reiterates its support for the International Coral Reef Initiative, notes that the thirty-third International Coral Reef Initiative General Meeting was held in Monaco from 5 to 7 December 2018, and supports the elaborated programme of work of the Convention on Biological Diversity on marine and coastal biological diversity related to coral reefs under the Jakarta Mandate on Marine and Coastal Biological Diversity; 269. Recalls that, in “The future we want”, States recognized the significant economic, social and environmental contributions of coral reefs, in particular to islands and other coastal States, as well as the significant vulnerability of coral reefs and mangroves to impacts, including from climate change, ocean acidification, overfishing, destructive fishing practices and pollution, and supported international cooperation with a view to conserving coral reef and mangrove ecosystems and realizing their social, economic and environmental benefits, as well as facilitating technical collaboration and voluntary information-sharing; 270. Encourages States and relevant international institutions to improve efforts to address coral bleaching by, inter alia, improving monitoring to predict and identify bleaching events, supporting and strengthening action taken during such events and improving strategies to manage reefs to support their natural resilience and enhance their ability to withstand other pressures, including ocean acidification, and in this regard also encourages States to implement the priority actions to achieve Aichi Biodiversity Target 10 for coral reefs and closely associated ecosystems, adopted by the twelfth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity;116 271. Encourages States to cooperate, directly or through competent international bodies, in exchanging information in the event of accidents involving vessels on coral reefs and in promoting the development of economic assessment techniques for both restoration and non-use values of coral reef systems; 272. Emphasizes the need to mainstream sustainable coral reef management and integrated watershed management into national development strategies, as well as into the activities of relevant United Nations agencies and programmes, international financial institutions and the donor community; 273. Notes that ocean noise has potential significant adverse impacts on living marine resources, affirms the importance of sound scientific studies in addressing this matter, encourages further research, studies and consideration of the impacts of ocean noise on living marine resources, notes the work of States and competent international organizations in that regard, and requests the Division to continue to compile the peer- reviewed scientific studies it receives from Member States and intergovernmental organizations pursuant to paragraph 107 of resolution 61/222 and, as appropriate, to make them, or references and links to them, available on its website; __________________ 115 International Maritime Organization, Revised Guidelines for the Identification and Designation of Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas, Assembly resolution A.982(24). 116 See United Nations Environment Programme, document UNEP/CBD/COP/12/29, sect. I. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 45/58 18-21627 274. Also notes the discussions at the nineteenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process, from 18 to 22 June 2018, on the theme of anthropogenic underwater noise, during which delegations, inter alia, expressed concern over the potential social, economic and environmental impacts of anthropogenic underwater noise due to the growth of ocean-related human activities, which has resulted in increased sound in many parts of the ocean, as well as the potential impacts of anthropogenic underwater noise on different marine species and, in view of the continuing gaps in knowledge and lack of data, stressed the urgent need for further research and international cooperation to assess and address the potential effects of anthropogenic underwater noise in all ocean areas;117 275. Calls upon States to consider appropriate cost-effective measures and approaches to assess and address the potential socioeconomic and environmental impacts of anthropogenic underwater noise, taking into account the precautionary approach and ecosystem approaches and the best available scientific information, as appropriate; 276. Notes the approval by the International Maritime Organization of Guidelines for the Reduction of Underwater Noise from Commercial Shipping to Address Adverse Impacts on Marine Life, and invites the International Maritime Organization to promote and encourage their implementation for existing ships and new vessels, when appropriate, including by promoting measures that may reduce cavitation, 118 and encourages States to continue their work at the International Maritime Organization to enhance understanding of the extent to which improved ship technology, including efficient propeller design, could lead to reduced introduction of underwater noise in the oceans; 277. Also notes the convening of a workshop on ship noise mitigation technologies, in Halifax, Canada, on 28 and 29 November 2018, and hosted by the Government of Canada and the Canadian Network for Innovative Shipbuilding, Marine Research and Training, and the Ship Noise Mitigation Technologies Workshop, in London from 30 January to 1 February 2019, hosted by the Government of Canada and the International Maritime Organization, focusing on, inter alia, the linkages between the energy efficiency of ships and underwater noise, and propeller and ship designs to reduce underwater noise; 278. Encourages further research into technologies to reduce the impact of underwater noise on marine life; XI Marine science 279. Calls upon States, individually or in collaboration with each other or with competent international organizations and bodies, to continue to strive to improve understanding and knowledge of the oceans and the deep sea, including, in particular, the extent and vulnerability of deep sea biodiversity and ecosystems, by increasing their marine scientific research activities in accordance with the Convention; 280. Encourages, in that regard, relevant international organizations and other donors to consider supporting the Endowment Fund of the International Seabed Authority in order to promote the conduct of collaborative marine scientific research in the international seabed area by supporting the participation of qualified scientists and technical personnel from developing countries in relevant programmes, initiatives and activities; __________________ 117 See A/73/124. 118 International Maritime Organization, document MEPC.1/Circ.833, annex. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 46/58 281. Notes with concern that human-related threats, such as marine debris, ship strikes, underwater noise, persistent contaminants, coastal development activities, oil spills and discarded fishing gear, together may severely impact marine life, including its higher trophic levels, and calls upon States and competent international organizations to cooperate and coordinate their research efforts in this regard so as to reduce these impacts and preserve the integrity of the whole marine ecosystem, while fully respecting the mandates of relevant international organizations; 282. Welcomes the programme entitled “Promote and facilitate the conduct of marine scientific research under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea” of the Division and the Korea Maritime Institute, carried out in cooperation with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission with the aim of assisting developing countries, especially small island developing States, to build their capacities in the field of marine scientific research; 283. Invites all relevant organizations, funds, programmes and bodies within the United Nations system, in consultation with interested States, to coordinate relevant activities with regional and national marine scientific and technological centres in small island developing States, as appropriate, to ensure the more effective achievement of their objectives in accordance with relevant United Nations small island developing States development programmes and strategies; 284. Welcomes the resolution adopted by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission at its twenty-eighth session, held in Paris from 18 to 25 June 2015, regarding the adoption of the Second International Indian Ocean Expedition as an important catalyst project linking Indian Ocean processes to the global ocean and atmosphere, officially launched in Goa, India, on 4 December 2015 for an initial period of five years, invites States to participate in this initiative, and notes that two nodes of the Second International Indian Ocean Expedition Joint Project Office have been established to coordinate operations of the expedition in Perth, Australia, and Hyderabad, India; 285. Notes with appreciation the work of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, with the advice of the Advisory Body of Experts on the Law of the Sea, on the development of procedures for the implementation of Parts XIII and XIV of the Convention; 286. Notes that the depth of a significant percentage of the world’s oceans, seas and waterways has yet to be measured directly and that bathymetric knowledge underpins the safe, sustainable and cost-effective execution of almost every human activity in, on or under the sea; 287. Welcomes the work of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans project under the International Hydrographic Organization and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and, in particular, the outcome of the Forum for Future Ocean Floor Mapping, held in June 2016 in Monaco, and the subsequent development by the Guiding Committee of the Seabed 2030 project for improving bathymetry globally; 288. Encourages Member States to consider contributing to mechanisms that encourage the widest possible availability of all bathymetric data, so as to support the sustainable development, management and governance of the marine environment; 289. Notes with appreciation the contribution to marine biodiversity research of the Ocean Biogeographic Information System, a free and open-access data holding and sharing facility, hosted by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 47/58 18-21627 290. Welcomes the increasing attention being focused on oceans as a potential source of renewable energy, and notes in this regard the summary of discussions of the Informal Consultative Process at its thirteenth meeting; 119 291. Stresses the importance of increasing the scientific understanding of the oceans-atmosphere interface, including through participation in ocean observing programmes and geographic information systems, such as the Global Ocean Observing System, sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Meteorological Organization and the International Council for Science, particularly considering their role in monitoring and forecasting climate change and variability and in the establishment and operation of tsunami warning systems; 292. Welcomes the progress made by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and Member States towards the establishment and operation of regional and national tsunami warning and mitigation systems, also welcomes the continued collaboration of the United Nations and other intergovernmental organizations in this effort, further welcomes the development and recent dissemination of the new Enhanced Tsunami Products for the Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System and the development of Enhanced Tsunami Products for the Tsunami and Other Coastal Hazards Warning System for the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions, which will assist countries in the Pacific and the Caribbean to assess tsunami threats and issue warnings, and encourages Member States to establish and sustain their national warning and mitigation systems, within a global, ocean-related multi-hazard approach, as necessary, to reduce loss of life and damage to national economies and strengthen the resilience of coastal communities to natural disasters; 293. Stresses the need for continued efforts in developing mitigation and preparedness measures for natural disasters, particularly following tsunami events caused by earthquakes, such as the 11 March 2011 event in Japan; 294. Urges States to take necessary action and to cooperate in relevant organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and the World Meteorological Organization, to address damage to ocean data buoys deployed and operated in accordance with international law, including through education and outreach about the importance and purpose of these buoys and by strengthening these buoys against such damage and increasing reporting of such damage; 295. Welcomes the steps taken by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission to initiate preparation of the implementation plan for the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) in consultation with Member States, specialized agencies, funds, programmes and bodies of the United Nations, as well as other intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and relevant stakeholders; 296. Requests that the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission continue to provide information on the development of the implementation plan and regularly consult with, and report to, Member States on the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science and its implementation; 297. Invites the Secretary-General to inform the General Assembly on the implementation of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science through his report on oceans and the law of the sea, on the basis of information to be provided by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; __________________ 119 A/67/120. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 48/58 298. Invites UN-Oceans and its participants to collaborate with the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission on the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science; XII Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment, including Socioeconomic Aspects 299. Reiterates the need to strengthen the regular scientific assessment of the state of the marine environment in order to enhance the scientific basis for policymaking; 300. Reaffirms the principles guiding the Regular Process and its objective and scope as agreed upon at the first meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole in 2009; 301. Recalls that the Regular Process, as established under the United Nations, is accountable to the General Assembly and is an intergovernmental process guided by international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other applicable international instruments, and takes into account relevant Assembly resolutions; 302. Reaffirms the importance of the first World Ocean Assessment as the outcome of the first cycle of the Regular Process; 303. Reiterates its concern at the findings of the first World Ocean Assessment that the world’s ocean is facing major pressures simultaneously with such great impacts that the limits of its carrying capacity are being, or, in some cases, have been reached, and that delays in implementing solutions to the problems that have already been identified as threatening to degrade the world’s ocean will lead, unnecessarily, to incurring greater environmental, social and economic cost; 304. Recalls the importance of making Governments, United Nations system organizations, bodies, funds and programmes, intergovernmental organizations, the scientific community and the general public aware of the first World Ocean Assessment and the Regular Process, and recognizes with appreciation the activities undertaken in this regard during various intergovernmental meetings; 305. Also recalls the technical abstracts of the first World Ocean Assessment on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, the ocean and the Sustainable Development Goals under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the impacts of climate change and related changes in the atmosphere on the oceans, prepared in accordance with the programme of work for the period 2017–2020 for the second cycle of the Regular Process; 306. Further recalls that advance unedited copies of the technical abstracts were made available to the Preparatory Committee established by resolution 69/292, the eighteenth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process and the United Nations Conference to Support the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 14; 307. Recalls the decision that, in the first cycle, the scope of the Regular Process focused on establishing a baseline, and that the scope of the second cycle would extend to evaluating trends and identifying gaps; 308. Also recalls the decision that the Regular Process shall be overseen and guided by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole, and that the Ad Hoc Working Group shall facilitate the delivery of the outputs of the second cycle as outlined in the programme of work for the period 2017–2020 for the second cycle of the Regular Process; Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 49/58 18-21627 309. Recognizes with appreciation the important role of the Co-Chairs and the Bureau of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole in providing guidance during the intersessional periods, including in operationalizing the second cycle of the Regular Process; 310. Welcomes the holding of the tenth and eleventh meetings of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole, on 28 February and 1 March 2018 and on 23 and 24 August 2018, respectively, in accordance with paragraph 330 of resolution 72/73; 311. Takes note of the recommendations and guidance adopted by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole at its tenth meeting, 120 and endorses the recommendations adopted by the Ad Hoc Working Group at its eleventh meeting; 121 312. Reaffirms its decision that in the elaboration of an outline, the Group of Experts of the Regular Process should proceed on the basis of the preparation of a single comprehensive assessment, and notes the approval by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole of the outline for the second world ocean assessment in accordance with paragraph 330 of resolution 72/73;122 313. Takes note of the preliminary timetable and implementation plan for the second world ocean assessment, prepared by the Group of Experts in consultation with the secretariat of the Regular Process; 314. Recalls the endorsement by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole of the terms of reference and working methods of the Group of Experts for the second cycle of the Regular Process, prepared in accordance with paragraph 310 of resolution 71/257,123 and takes note of the guidance for contributors, part II, prepared by the Group of Experts pursuant to paragraph 310 of resolution 71/257;124 315. Notes the appointment of an additional expert to the Group of Experts in accordance with paragraph 287 of resolution 70/235, and urges regional groups that have not yet done so to appoint experts to the Group of Experts, taking into account the need to ensure geographical distribution and adequate expertise in socioeconomic disciplines; 316. Welcomes the expressions of interest of individuals who served in the Pool of Experts during the first cycle of the Regular Process to serve in the Pool of Experts for the second cycle; 317. Also welcomes the appointment of additional experts to the Pool of Experts for the second cycle of the Regular Process by States and through recommendations from relevant intergovernmental organizations, in accordance with the mechanism for the establishment of the Pool of Experts for the second cycle of the Regular Process, 125 and encourages the further appointment of experts to the Pool of Experts; 318. Recognizes with appreciation the continued work of the members of the Group of Experts and that of the Pool of Experts of the Regular Process in the implementation of the second cycle of the Regular Process; 319. Welcomes the designation by States of national focal points pursuant to paragraph 315 of resolution 72/73, and urges States that have not yet done so to designate their national focal points as soon as possible; __________________ 120 See A/73/74. 121 A/73/373, sect. III. 122 A/73/74, annex I. 123 A/72/89, annex. 124 See A/73/74, annex II. For part I of the guidance for contributors, see A/72/494, annex IV. 125 A/72/494, annex I. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 50/58 320. Notes the finalization and adoption by the Bureau of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole of guidelines to assist the second round of workshops of the second cycle of the Regular Process, 126 prepared by the Group of Experts in consultation with the Bureau of the Ad Hoc Working Group and the secretariat of the Regular Process; 321. Takes note of the summaries of the first round of regional workshops in support of the second cycle of the Regular Process, held in Lisbon in September 2017, in Auckland, New Zealand, in October 2017, in Camboriú, Brazil, in November 2017, in Bangkok in November 2017 and in Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania, in December 2017, which informed the preparation of the outline for the second world ocean assessment and will assist in the identification of additional experts for the Pool of Experts and in the identification of issues for consideration at the multi-stakeholder dialogue and capacity-building partnership event; 322. Also takes note of the offers to host regional workshops for the second round of regional workshops, in 2018, in support of the second cycle of the Regular Process; 323. Recalls the crucial importance of the Regular Process for ongoing ocean- related intergovernmental processes and its possible inputs, including for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the development of an international legally binding instrument, under the Convention, on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Informal Consultative Process, as outlined in the programme of work for the period 2017–2020 for the second cycle of the Regular Process; 324. Also recalls the importance of ensuring that assessments, such as those included in the Global Sustainable Development Report and those prepared under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and the Regular Process, support one another and avoid unnecessary duplication, and also recalls the importance of compatibility and synergies between such assessments and assessments at the regional level; 325. Requests intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to provide information on recent and ongoing assessments and other processes at the regional and global levels relevant to the Regular Process in order for the secretariat to update the inventory of recent and ongoing assessments and other processes at the regional and global levels relevant to the Regular Process; 326. Takes note with appreciation of the work undertaken thus far by the secretariat in compiling a capacity-building inventory of needs and opportunities relevant for the Regular Process, in accordance with the programme of work, based on information contributed by relevant United Nations system organizations, bodies, funds and programmes and by relevant intergovernmental organizations; 327. Invites States and non-governmental organizations, as well as intergovernmental organizations that have not already done so, to provide relevant information for inclusion in the capacity-building inventory of needs and opportunities relevant for the Regular Process being compiled and maintained by the secretariat; 328. Takes note of the endorsement by the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole of the agenda for the multi-stakeholder dialogue and capacity-building partnership __________________ 126 Available from the web page of the Regular Process maintained by the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 51/58 18-21627 event to be held in 2019, and notes that the Ad Hoc Working Group will consider the outcome of the dialogue and event at its twelfth meeting; 329. Recalls its invitation, in paragraph 326 of resolution 72/73, to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Maritime Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Meteorological Organization and relevant United Nations system organizations, bodies, funds and programmes, as appropriate, to assist in the implementation of the second cycle of the Regular Process with regard to the following activities: awareness-raising, the identification of experts for the Pool of Experts, technical and scientific support for the Bureau and the Group of Experts, hosting meetings of the writing teams and capacity-building; 330. Also recalls the adoption by the Assembly of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission at its twenty-ninth session, from 21 to 29 June 2017, of decision IOC-XXIX/8.2, in particular regarding the provision of technical and scientific support to the second cycle of the Regular Process in accordance with the guidance of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole; 331. Further recalls its invitation, in paragraph 328 of resolution 72/73, to relevant intergovernmental organizations to contribute, as appropriate, to the activities of the second cycle; 332. Urges States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make financial contributions to the voluntary trust fund 127 and to make other contributions to the Regular Process; 333. Requests the Bureau to continue to implement the decisions and guidance of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole during the intersessional period, including by providing oversight of the delivery of the programme of work for the period 2017–2020 for the second cycle of the Regular Process; 334. Requests the Secretary-General to convene the twelfth meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group of the Whole on 29 and 30 July 2019, with a view to providing recommendations to the General Assembly on progress in the implementation of the second cycle, and encourages the widest possible attendance of participants in the Ad Hoc Working Group; XIII Regional cooperation 335. Notes with appreciation efforts and initiatives at the regional level, in various regions, to further the implementation of the Convention and to respond, including through capacity-building, to issues related to maritime safety and security, the conservation and sustainable use of living marine resources, the protection and preservation of the marine environment and the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity; 336. Invites States and international organizations to enhance their cooperation to better protect the marine environment; 337. Notes the Caribbean-focused Assistance Fund, which is intended to facilitate, mainly through technical assistance, the voluntary undertaking of maritime delimitation negotiations between Caribbean States, notes once again the Fund for Peace: Peaceful Settlement of Territorial Disputes, established by the General Assembly of the Organization of American States in 2000 as a primary mechanism, __________________ 127 See resolution 69/245, para. 278. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 52/58 given its broader regional scope, for the prevention and resolution of pending territorial, land border and maritime boundary disputes, and calls upon States and others in a position to do so to contribute to these funds; 338. Recalls the outcome document of the third International Conference on Small Island Developing States, the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway128 and the modalities set forth for strengthened action on a range of small island developing States challenges and priorities, including challenges related to the conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, and the preservation of the marine environment, reaffirms its commitment to work with small island developing States towards full implementation of the Samoa Pathway to ensure its success, also recalls the decision to convene, in September 2019, a one-day high- level review of the progress made in addressing the priorities of small island developing States through the implementation of the Samoa Pathway,129 and notes with appreciation the holding, in 2018, of regional preparatory meetings as well as an interregional meeting for small island developing States to review the progress and implementation of the Samoa Pathway at the national and regional levels;130 339. Recognizes the results of the International Polar Year, 2007–2008 with particular emphasis on new knowledge about the linkages between environmental change in the polar regions and global climate systems, and encourages States and scientific communities to strengthen their cooperation in this respect; 340. Acknowledges the important contributions to scientific understanding of the marine environment and its resources, as well as the scientific advice for their sustainable use, provided by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea in its wide-ranging cooperation with organizations at the regional level under the Convention for the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, 1964; 131 341. Welcomes regional cooperation, and in this regard notes the Pacific Oceanscape Framework as an initiative to enhance cooperation among coastal States in the Pacific island region to foster marine conservation and sustainable development; 342. Notes with appreciation the various cooperative efforts displayed by States at the regional and subregional levels, and in this regard welcomes initiatives, such as the Integrated Assessment and Management of the Gulf of Mexico Large Marine Ecosystem; 343. Acknowledges relevant cooperation among the members of the Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic; 344. Recalls the decision of the Assembly of the African Union in January 2015 to adopt Agenda 2063, also recalls that the African Union launched the Decade of African Seas and Oceans (2015–2025), and notes that the African Day of the Seas and Oceans is to be celebrated annually on 25 July; 345. Notes the adoption of the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014–2024 by the second United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries, held in Vienna from 3 to 5 November 2014, 132 following the comprehensive 10-year review of the implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action: Addressing the Special Needs of Landlocked Developing Countries within a New Global Framework for Transit __________________ 128 Resolution 69/15, annex. 129 Resolution 71/225, para. 19. 130 See resolution 72/217, para. 28. 131 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 652, No. 9344. 132 Resolution 69/137, annex II. Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 53/58 18-21627 Transport Cooperation for Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries, 133 and also notes the need for cooperation to address the development needs and challenges faced by landlocked developing countries associated with, inter alia, their lack of direct territorial access to the sea, remoteness and isolation from world markets, in line with the objectives of the Vienna Programme of Action; 346. Also notes the efforts of the Sargasso Sea Commission, led by the Government of Bermuda, to raise awareness of the ecological significance of the Sargasso Sea; 347. Further notes the entry into force, on 23 May 2018, of the Arctic Council Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation; 348. Notes the cooperation between the OSPAR Commission established by the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic and the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission; XIV Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea 349. Welcomes the report of the Co-Chairs on the work of the Informal Consultative Process at its nineteenth meeting, which focused on the theme of anthropogenic underwater noise;4 350. Recognizes the role of the Informal Consultative Process as a unique forum for comprehensive discussions on issues related to oceans and the law of the sea, consistent with the framework provided by the Convention and chapter 17 of Agenda 21,6 and that the perspective of the three pillars of sustainable development should be further enhanced in the examination of the selected topics; 351. Welcomes the work of the Informal Consultative Process and its contribution to improving coordination and cooperation between States and strengthening the annual debate of the General Assembly on oceans and the law of the sea by effectively drawing attention to key issues and current trends; 352. Also welcomes efforts to improve and focus the work of the Informal Consultative Process, and in that respect recognizes the primary role of the Informal Consultative Process in integrating knowledge, the exchange of opinions among multiple stakeholders and coordination among competent agencies, and enhancing awareness of topics, including emerging issues, while promoting the three pillars of sustainable development, and recommends that the Informal Consultative Process devise a transparent, objective and inclusive process for the selection of topics and panellists so as to facilitate the work of the General Assembly during informal consultations concerning the annual resolution on oceans and the law of the sea; 353. Recalls the need to strengthen and improve the efficiency of the Informal Consultative Process, and encourages States, intergovernmental organizations and programmes to provide guidance to the Co-Chairs to this effect, particularly before and during the preparatory meeting for the Informal Consultative Process; 354. Decides to continue the Informal Consultative Process for the next two years, in accordance with resolution 54/33, with a further review of its effectiveness and utility by the General Assembly at its seventy-fifth session; __________________ 133 Report of the International Ministerial Conference of Landlocked and Transit Developing Countries and Donor Countries and International Financial and Development Institutions on Transit Transport Cooperation, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 28 and 29 August 2003 (A/CONF.202/3), annex I. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 54/58 355. Requests the Secretary-General to convene, in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of resolution 54/33, the twentieth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process, in New York from 10 to 14 June 2019, to provide it with the facilities necessary for the performance of its work, including documentation, and to arrange for support to be provided by the Division, in cooperation with other relevant parts of the Secretariat, as appropriate; 356. Expresses its continued serious concern regarding the lack of resources available in the voluntary trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 for the purpose of assisting developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing States, in attending the meetings of the Informal Consultative Process, and urges States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non- governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make additional contributions to the trust fund; 357. Decides that those representatives from developing countries who are invited by the Co-Chairs, in consultation with Governments, to make presentations during the meetings of the Informal Consultative Process shall receive priority consideration in the disbursement of funds from the voluntary trust fund established pursuant to resolution 55/7 in order to cover the costs of their travel, and shall also be eligible to receive daily subsistence allowance subject to the availability of funds after the travel costs of all other eligible representatives from those countries mentioned in paragraph 356 above have been covered; 358. Also decides that, in its deliberations on the report of the Secretary- General on oceans and the law of the sea, the Informal Consultative Process shall focus its discussions at its twentieth meeting, in 2019, on the theme “Ocean Science and the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development”; XV Coordination and cooperation 359. Encourages States to work closely with and through international organizations, funds and programmes, as well as the specialized agencies of the United Nations system and relevant international conventions, to identify emerging areas of focus for improved coordination and cooperation and how best to address these issues; 360. Expresses its concern at the desecration of graves at sea and the looting of wrecks of ships constituting such graves, and calls upon States to cooperate, as appropriate, to prevent the looting and desecration of wrecks of ships constituting graves in order to ensure that proper respect is given to all human remains located in maritime waters, consistent with international law, including, as appropriate, the 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, among parties thereto; 361. Encourages bodies established by the Convention to strengthen coordination and cooperation, as appropriate, in fulfilling their respective mandates; 362. Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of heads of intergovernmental organizations, the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations engaged in activities relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea, as well as funding institutions, and underlines the importance of their constructive and timely input for the report of the Secretary-General on oceans and the law of the sea and of their participation in relevant meetings and processes; Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 55/58 18-21627 363. Welcomes the work done by the secretariats of relevant United Nations specialized agencies, programmes, funds and bodies and the secretariats of related organizations and conventions to enhance inter-agency coordination and cooperation on ocean issues, including, where appropriate, through UN-Oceans, the inter-agency coordination mechanism on ocean and coastal issues within the United Nations system; 364. Recognizes the work undertaken by UN-Oceans, in particular the inventory of mandates, under the revised terms of reference for the work of UN-Oceans, and with the United Nations Legal Counsel/Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea as the focal point of UN-Oceans, and, as an interim measure, in this regard invites States, international financial institutions, donor agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and natural and juridical persons to make financial earmarked contributions to the trust fund established by the Secretary-General for the Office of Legal Affairs to support the promotion of international law, and authorizes the Secretary-General to disburse funds from such contributions to that trust fund for the purposes of the maintenance of an online searchable database for an inventory of the mandates of UN-Oceans members and priorities approved by the respective governing bodies of the participating organizations of UN-Oceans, with a view to identifying possible areas of collaboration and synergy, as well as for travel associated with the performance of the functions of the focal point; 365. Decides to defer the review of the terms of reference for the work of UN-Oceans until its seventy-fifth session; XVI Activities of the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea 366. Expresses its appreciation to the Secretary-General for the annual reports on oceans and the law of the sea, prepared by the Division, as well as for the other activities of the Division, which reflect the high standard of assistance provided to Member States by the Division; 367. Notes with satisfaction the tenth observance by the United Nations of World Oceans Day in 2018,134 recognizes with appreciation the efforts deployed by the Division in this regard, and invites the Division to continue to promote and facilitate international cooperation on the law of the sea and ocean affairs in the context of the future observance of World Oceans Day, as well as through its participation in other events; 368. Recalls the responsibilities and functions entrusted to the Secretary- General in the Convention and in the related resolutions of the General Assembly, including resolutions 49/28 and 52/26, notes the increased number of requests to the Division for additional outputs and servicing of meetings and in relation to the support to be provided by the Division as secretariat of the Regular Process during the second cycle of the Regular Process, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure the allocation of appropriate resources to the Division for the performance of its activities under the approved budget for the Organization; 369. Requests the Secretary-General to continue the publication activities of the Division, in particular through the publication of The Law of the Sea: A Select Bibliography and the Law of the Sea Bulletin; __________________ 134 By its resolution 63/111, the General Assembly designated 8 June as World Oceans Day. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 56/58 XVII Seventy-fourth session of the General Assembly 370. Requests the Secretary-General to prepare reports for consideration by the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session, namely, a report on developments and issues relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea, including the implementation of the present resolution, in accordance with resolutions 49/28, 52/26 and 54/33, and a report on the topic that is the focus of the twentieth meeting of the Informal Consultative Process; 371. Emphasizes the critical role of the annual reports of the Secretary-General, which integrate information on developments relating to the implementation of the Convention and the work of the Organization, its specialized agencies and other institutions in the field of ocean affairs and the law of the sea at the global and regional levels, and as a result constitute the basis for the annual consideration and review of developments relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea by the General Assembly as the global institution having the competence to undertake such a review; 372. Notes that the reports referred to in paragraph 370 above will also be submitted to States Parties pursuant to article 319 of the Convention regarding issues of a general nature that have arisen with respect to the Convention; 373. Also notes the desire to further improve the efficiency of and effective participation of delegations in the informal consultations concerning the annual General Assembly resolution on oceans and the law of the sea, decides that the period of the informal consultations on that resolution should not exceed a maximum of two weeks in total and that the consultations should be scheduled in such a way that the Division has sufficient time to produce the report on developments and issues relating to ocean affairs and the law of the sea referred to in paragraph 370 above, requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide support to the consultations through the Division, and encourages States to submit proposals for the resolution to the Coordinator of the informal consultations no later than one week before the first day of the first round of the informal consultations; 374. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fourth session the item entitled “Oceans and the law of the sea”. 50th plenary meeting 11 December 2018 Oceans and the law of the sea A/RES/73/124 57/58 18-21627 Annex Amendments to the terms of reference, guidelines and rules of the Trust Fund for the purpose of facilitating the preparation of submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf for developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, and compliance with article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea135 Terms of reference, guidelines and rules 1. Reasons for establishing the Trust Fund In paragraph 2, amend the last sentence to read: “In accordance with article 4 of annex II to the Convention, the particulars of such limits should be submitted to the Commission within ten years of the entry into force of the Convention for that State. The earliest deadline for submission for States was 13 May 2009.” In paragraph 7, amend the last sentence to read: “The final preparation of a submission, including additional information with respect to submissions and revised or new submissions, to the Commission also requires high-level expertise in geosciences and hydrography.” 2. Objects and purpose of the Trust Fund In paragraph 9, amend the last sentence to read: “The object of the Fund is to enable developing States, in particular, the least developed coastal countries and small island developing States, to make an initial assessment of their particular case, make appropriate plans for further investigations and data acquisition, to prepare the final submission documents, as well as subsequent amended and/or revised submission documents, to maintain the capacity of developing States while waiting for their submission to be assigned to a subcommission for examination, and to meet with the Commission when it is considering their submission upon the Commission’s invitation.” In paragraph 13, amend the first sentence to read: “The preparation of the final submission documents, as well as subsequent amended and/or revised submission documents, will have to meet the requirements of article 76 and annex II to the Convention (and for some States, annex II to the Final Act) and the Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission.” 4. Application for financial assistance Amend paragraph 15 to read: “An application for financial assistance from the Fund may be submitted by developing States, in particular the least developed countries and small island developing States, who are parties to the Convention.” Amend subparagraph (d) in paragraph 16 to read: “Preparation of final, amended and/or revised submission documents;” __________________ 135 As set out in annex II to General Assembly resolution 55/7, the annex to resolution 58/240 and the annex to resolution 70/235. A/RES/73/124 Oceans and the law of the sea 18-21627 58/58 Move paragraph subparagraph (e) in paragraph 16, below subparagraph (f). Amend subparagraph (d) in paragraph 17 to read: “Preparation of final, amended and/or revised submission documents” Move paragraph subparagraph (e) in paragraph 17, below subparagraph (f). 5. Consideration of applications Amend paragraph 20 to read: “The Division may engage an independent panel to assist in the examination of applications on the basis of section 4 above and to recommend the amount of financial assistance to be given. The panel shall be composed of the Chairs of the United Nations Regional Groups; each Chair may designate one representative from their Regional Group to attend on their behalf. However, no person from a State with an application before the panel and no sitting Commission member should serve on this independent panel.” Amend paragraph 21 to read: “In considering the application, the Division shall be guided by the following, in order of priority: (a) the need to assist States requesting assistance with their initial submission to the Commission; (b) the need to assist least developed countries and small island developing States; (c) the need to assist developing States to prepare additional data requested by the subcommission analysing their submission; (d) the need to assist developing States to participate in meetings with the Commission or one of its subcommissions upon an invitation by the Commission; (e) the need to assist developing States to maintain their capacity while waiting for their submission to be assigned to a subcommission for examination; and (f) the need to assist developing States to prepare revised and/or amended submissions. The order in which applications are received, the availability of funds and the overall level of assistance provided so far to a State requesting assistance shall also be taken into consideration. Assistance with revised or amended submissions will be limited to one approved application per developing State; in the case of joint submissions each State involved in the joint submission may seek such assistance.” Delete paragraph 22. Renumber subsequent paragraphs.
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A/RES/73/169
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/73/589/Add.2)] 73/169. Promotion of a democratic and equitable international order The General Assembly, Recalling its previous resolutions on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, including resolution 72/172 of 19 December 2017, and Human Rights Council resolutions 18/6 of 29 September 2011,1 33/3 of 29 September 2016,2 36/4 of 28 September 20173 and 39/4 of 27 September 2018,4 Reaffirming the commitment of all States to fulfil their obligations to promote universal respect for, and observance and protection of, all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, other instruments relating to human rights and international law, Affirming that the enhancement of international cooperation for the promotion and protection of all human rights should continue to be carried out in full conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter and international law, as set forth in Articles 1 and 2 of the Charter, and with full respect for, inter alia, sovereignty, territorial integrity, political independence, the non-use of force or the threat of force in international relations and non-intervention in matters that are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any State, Recalling the Preamble to the Charter, in particular the determination to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, __________________ 1 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/66/53/Add.1 and A/66/53/Add.1/Corr.1), chap. II. 2 Ibid., Seventy-first Session, Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/71/53/Add.1 and A/71/53/Add.1/Corr.1), chap. II. 3 Ibid., Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/72/53/Add.1), chap. III. 4 Ibid., Seventy-third Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/73/53/Add.1), chap. III. A/RES/73/169 Promotion of a democratic and equitable international order 18-22265 2/6 Reaffirming that everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 5 can be fully realized, Reaffirming also the determination expressed in the Preamble to the Charter to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, to practise tolerance and good-neighbourliness and to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples, Stressing that the responsibility for managing worldwide economic and social issues, as well as threats to international peace and security, must be shared among the nations of the world and should be exercised multilaterally, and that in this regard the central role must be played by the United Nations, as the most universal and representative organization in the world, Concerned about the continued abuse by Member States of the extraterritorial application of their national legislation in a manner that affects the sovereignty of other States, the legitimate interests of entities or persons under their jurisdiction and the full enjoyment of human rights, Considering the major changes taking place on the international scene and the aspirations of all peoples for an international order based on the principles enshrined in the Charter, including promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all and respect for the principle of equal rights and self- determination of peoples, peace, democracy, justice, equality, the rule of law, pluralism, development, better standards of living and solidarity, Recognizing that the enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights is essential for the full achievement of the purposes of the United Nations, including the effective promotion and protection of all human rights, Considering that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set out therein, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, Reaffirming that democracy, development and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing and that democracy is based on the freely expressed will of the people to determine their own political, economic, social and cultural systems and their full participation in all aspects of their lives, Recognizing that the promotion and protection of human rights should be based on the principle of cooperation and genuine dialogue and aimed at strengthening the capacity of Member States to comply with their human rights obligations for the benefit of all human beings, Emphasizing that democracy is not only a political concept, but that it also has economic and social dimensions, Recognizing that democracy, respect for all human rights, including the right to development, transparent and accountable governance and administration in all sectors of society and effective participation by civil society are an essential part of __________________ 5 Resolution 217 A (III). Promotion of a democratic and equitable international order A/RES/73/169 3/6 18-22265 the necessary foundations for the realization of social and people-centred sustainable development, Noting with concern that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance may be aggravated by, inter alia, inequitable distribution of wealth, marginalization and social exclusion, Reaffirming that dialogue among religions, cultures and civilizations could contribute greatly to the enhancement of international cooperation at all levels, Underlining the fact that it is imperative for the international community to ensure that globalization becomes a positive force for all the world’s people and that only through broad and sustained efforts, based on our common humanity in all its diversity, can globalization be made fully inclusive and equitable, Deeply concerned that the current global economic, financial, energy and food crises, resulting from a combination of several major factors, including macroeconomic and other factors, such as environmental degradation, desertification and global climate change, natural disasters and the lack of financial resources and the technology necessary to confront their negative impact in developing countries, particularly in the least developed countries and small island developing States, represent a global scenario that is threatening the adequate enjoyment of all human rights and widening the gap between developed and developing countries, Recognizing that a democratic and equitable order requires the reform of international financial institutions, in order to widen and strengthen the level of participation of developing countries in the international decision-making process, and a more transparent and open financial system, as well as adequate measures against illicit financial flows, such as tax fraud, tax evasion, illegal capital flight, money-laundering and the proceeds of corruption, and for improving tax transparency worldwide, Stressing that efforts to make globalization fully inclusive and equitable must include policies and measures at the global level that correspond to the needs of developing countries and countries with economies in transition and are formulated and implemented with their effective participation, Stressing also the need for adequate financing of, technology transfer to and capacity-building in developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, including to support their efforts to adapt to climate change, Having listened to the peoples of the world, and recognizing their aspirations to justice, to equality of opportunity for all, to the enjoyment of their human rights, including the right to development, to live in peace and freedom and to equal participation without discrimination in economic, social, cultural, civil and political life, Recalling Human Rights Council resolutions 5/1 on institution-building of the Council and 5/2 on the Code of Conduct for Special Procedures Mandate Holders of the Council of 18 June 2007,6 and stressing that all mandate holders shall discharge their duties in accordance with those resolutions and the annexes thereto, Emphasizing the importance of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 7 for the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order, __________________ 6 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/62/53), chap. IV, sect. A. 7 Resolution 70/1. A/RES/73/169 Promotion of a democratic and equitable international order 18-22265 4/6 Resolved to take all measures within its power to secure a democratic and equitable international order, 1. Affirms that everyone is entitled to a democratic and equitable international order; 2. Also affirms that a democratic and equitable international order fosters the full realization of all human rights for all; 3. Takes note of the report of the Independent Expert of the Human Rights Council on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order; 8 4. Calls upon all Member States to fulfil their commitment expressed in Durban, South Africa, during the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, to maximize the benefits of globalization through, inter alia, the strengthening and enhancement of international cooperation to increase equality of opportunities for trade, economic growth and sustainable development, global communications through the use of new technologies and increased intercultural exchange through the preservation and promotion of cultural diversity, 9 and reiterates that only through broad and sustained efforts to create a shared future based upon our common humanity and all its diversity can globalization be made fully inclusive and equitable; 5. Declares that democracy includes respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms and is a universal value based on the freely expressed will of people to determine their own political, economic, social and cultural systems and their full participation in all aspects of their lives, and reaffirms the need for universal adherence to and implementation of the rule of law at both the national and international levels; 6. Affirms that a democratic and equitable international order requires, inter alia, the realization of the following: (a) The right of all peoples to self-determination, by virtue of which they can freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development; (b) The right of peoples and nations to permanent sovereignty over their natural wealth and resources; (c) The right of every human person and all peoples to development; (d) The right of all peoples to peace; (e) The right to an international economic order based on equal participation in the decision-making process, interdependence, mutual interest, solidarity and cooperation among all States; (f) International solidarity, as a right of peoples and individuals; (g) The promotion and consolidation of transparent, democratic, just and accountable international institutions in all areas of cooperation, in particular through the implementation of the principle of full and equal participation in their respective decision-making mechanisms; (h) The right to equitable participation of all, without any discrimination, in domestic and global decision-making; (i) The principle of equitable regional and gender-balanced representation in the composition of the staff of the United Nations system; __________________ 8 See A/73/158. 9 See A/CONF.189/12 and A/CONF.189/12/Corr.1, chap. I. Promotion of a democratic and equitable international order A/RES/73/169 5/6 18-22265 (j) The promotion of a free, just, effective and balanced international information and communications order based on international cooperation for the establishment of a new equilibrium and greater reciprocity in the international flow of information, in particular correcting the inequalities in the flow of information to and from developing countries; (k) Respect for cultural diversity and the cultural rights of all, since this enhances cultural pluralism, contributes to a wider exchange of knowledge and understanding of cultural backgrounds, advances the application and enjoyment of universally accepted human rights across the world and fosters stable, friendly relations among peoples and nations worldwide; (l) The right of every person and all peoples to a healthy environment and to enhanced international cooperation that responds effectively to the needs for assistance of national efforts to adapt to climate change, particularly in developing countries, and that promotes the fulfilment of international agreements in the field of mitigation; (m) The promotion of equitable access to benefits from the international distribution of wealth through enhanced international cooperation, in particular in international economic, commercial and financial relations; (n) The enjoyment by everyone of ownership of the common heritage of humankind in connection to the public right of access to culture; (o) The shared responsibility of the nations of the world for managing worldwide economic and social development, as well as threats to international peace and security, which should be exercised multilaterally; 7. Stresses the importance of preserving the rich and diverse nature of the international community of nations and peoples, as well as respect for national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds, in the enhancement of international cooperation in the field of human rights; 8. Also stresses that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated and that the international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing and with the same emphasis, and reaffirms that, while the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds must be borne in mind, it is the duty of States, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all; 9. Reaffirms, among other principles, the sovereign equality of States, non-intervention and non-interference in internal affairs; 10. Urges all actors on the international scene to build an international order based on inclusion, social justice, equality and equity, human dignity, mutual understanding and promotion of and respect for cultural diversity and universal human rights and to reject all doctrines of exclusion based on racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance; 11. Reaffirms that all States should promote the establishment, maintenance and strengthening of international peace and security and, to that end, should do their utmost to achieve general and complete disarmament under effective international control, as well as to ensure that the resources released by effective disarmament measures are used for comprehensive development, in particular that of the developing countries; 12. Underlines that attempts to overthrow legitimate Governments by force disrupt the democratic and constitutional order, the legitimate exercise of power and the full enjoyment of human rights, and reaffirms that every State has an inalienable A/RES/73/169 Promotion of a democratic and equitable international order 18-22265 6/6 right to choose its political, economic, social and cultural system, without interference in any form by other States; 13. Reaffirms the need to continue working urgently for the establishment of a new international economic order based on equity, sovereign equality, interdependence, common interest and cooperation among all States, irrespective of their economic and social systems, which shall correct inequalities and redress existing injustices, make it possible to eliminate the widening gap between the developed and the developing countries and ensure steadily accelerating economic and social development and peace and justice for present and future generations, in accordance with relevant previous General Assembly resolutions, programmes of action and major conferences and summits in the economic, social and related areas; 14. Also reaffirms that the international community should devise ways and means to remove the current obstacles and meet the challenges to the full realization of all human rights and to prevent the continuation of human rights violations resulting therefrom throughout the world; 15. Urges States to continue their efforts, through enhanced international cooperation, towards the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order; 16. Affirms that a democratic and equitable international order, as prescribed in the Charter of the United Nations, cannot be achieved only through the deregulation of trade, markets and financial services; 17. Requests the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide all the human and financial resources necessary for the effective fulfilment of the mandate of the Independent Expert; 18. Calls upon all Governments to cooperate with and assist the Independent Expert in his task, to supply all necessary information requested by him and to consider responding favourably to the requests of the Independent Expert to visit their countries to enable him to fulfil his mandate more effectively; 19. Requests the Human Rights Council, the human rights treaty bodies, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the special mechanisms extended by the Council and the Human Rights Council Advisory Committee to pay due attention, within their respective mandates, to the present resolution and to make contributions towards its implementation; 20. Calls upon the Office of the High Commissioner to build upon the issue of the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order; 21. Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of Member States, United Nations organs, bodies and components, intergovernmental organizations, in particular the Bretton Woods institutions, and non-governmental organizations and to disseminate it on the widest possible basis; 22. Requests the Independent Expert to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, and invites him to undertake research into the impact of financial and economic policies pursued by international organizations and other institutions on a democratic and equitable international order; 23. Decides to continue consideration of the matter at its seventy-fourth session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.
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A/RES/73/18
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 30 November 2018 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/73/L.31 and A/73/L.31/Add.1)] 73/18. Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 181 (II) of 29 November 1947, 194 (III) of 11 December 1948, 3236 (XXIX) of 22 November 1974, 3375 (XXX) and 3376 (XXX) of 10 November 1975, 31/20 of 24 November 1976 and all its subsequent relevant resolutions, including those adopted at its emergency special sessions and its resolution 72/13 of 30 November 2017, Recalling also its resolution 58/292 of 6 May 2004, Having considered the report of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People,1 Recalling the mutual recognition between the Government of the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people, as well as the existing agreements between the two sides and the need for full compliance with those agreements, Affirming its support for a comprehensive, just, lasting and peaceful settlement to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on the basis of the relevant United Nations resolutions, the terms of reference of the Madrid Conference, including the principle of land for peace, the Arab Peace Initiative adopted by the Council of the League of Arab States at its fourteenth session2 and the Quartet road map to a permanent two- State solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict,3 endorsed by the Security Council in resolution 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003, Recalling the relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolution 2334 (2016) of 23 December 2016, and underscoring in this regard, inter alia, the call __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-third Session, Supplement No. 35 (A/73/35). 2 A/56/1026-S/2002/932, annex II, resolution 14/221. 3 S/2003/529, annex. A/RES/73/18 Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People 18-20703 2/4 upon all parties to continue, in the interest of the promotion of peace and security, to exert collective efforts to launch credible negotiations on all final status issues in the Middle East peace process and within the time frame specified by the Quartet in its statement of 21 September 2010, Recalling also the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice on the legal consequences of the construction of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, 4 and recalling further its resolutions ES-10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES-10/17 of 15 December 2006, Taking note of the application of Palestine for admission to membership in the United Nations, submitted on 23 September 2011,5 Recalling its resolution 67/19 of 29 November 2012, by which, inter alia, Palestine was accorded non-member observer State status in the United Nations, and taking note of the follow-up report of the Secretary-General,6 Taking note of the accession by Palestine to several human rights treaties and the core humanitarian law conventions, as well as other international treaties, Noting with deep regret the passage of 51 years since the onset of the Israeli occupation and over 70 years since the adoption of resolution 181 (II) on 29 November 1947 and the Nakba without tangible progress towards a peaceful solution, and stressing the urgent need for efforts to reverse the negative trends on the ground and to restore a political horizon for advancing and accelerating meaningful negotiations aimed at the achievement of a peace agreement that will bring a complete end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967 and the resolution of all core final status issues, without exception, leading to a peaceful, just, lasting and comprehensive solution to the question of Palestine, Reaffirming that the United Nations has a permanent responsibility towards the question of Palestine until the question is resolved in all its aspects in a satisfactory manner in accordance with international legitimacy, 1. Expresses its appreciation to the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People for its efforts in performing the tasks assigned to it by the General Assembly, and takes note of its annual report, 1 including the conclusions and valuable recommendations contained in chapter VII thereof, inter alia, the recommendations for the redoubling of international efforts aimed at achieving a peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine, for an expanded multilateral framework for the revitalization of peace efforts and for efforts to ensure fullest accountability and implementation of the long-standing parameters for peace in accordance with the relevant United Nations resolutions; 2. Requests the Committee to continue to exert all efforts to promote the realization of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, including their right to self-determination, to support the achievement without delay of an end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967 and of the two-State solution on the basis of the pre-1967 borders and the just resolution of all final status issues and to mobilize international support for and assistance to the Palestinian people, and in this regard authorizes the Committee to make such adjustments in its approved programme of work as it may consider appropriate and necessary in the light of developments and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session and thereafter; __________________ 4 See A/ES-10/273 and A/ES-10/273/Corr.1. 5 A/66/371-S/2011/592, annex I. 6 A/67/738. Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People A/RES/73/18 3/4 18-20703 3. Also requests the Committee to continue to keep under review the situation relating to the question of Palestine and to report and make suggestions to the General Assembly, the Security Council or the Secretary-General, as appropriate; 4. Further requests the Committee to continue to extend its cooperation and support to Palestinian and other civil society organizations and to continue to involve additional civil society organizations and parliamentarians in its work in order to mobilize international solidarity and support for the Palestinian people, particularly during this critical period of political instability, humanitarian hardship and financial crisis, with the overall aim of promoting the achievement by the Palestinian people of their inalienable rights and a just, lasting and peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine, the core of the Arab-Israeli conflict, on the basis of the relevant United Nations resolutions, the terms of reference of the Madrid Conference, including the principle of land for peace, the Arab Peace Initiative2 and the Quartet road map;3 5. Commends the Committee on its efforts and activities in upholding its mandate, including through cooperative initiatives with Governments, relevant organizations of the United Nations system, intergovernmental organizations and civil society organizations; 6. Commends the Working Group of the Committee on its efforts in coordinating the efforts of international and regional civil society organizations regarding the question of Palestine; 7. Requests the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, established under General Assembly resolution 194 (III), and other United Nations bodies associated with the question of Palestine to continue to cooperate fully with the Committee and to make available to it, at its request, the relevant information and documentation that they have at their disposal; 8. Invites all Governments and organizations to extend their cooperation and support to the Committee in the performance of its tasks, recalling its repeated call for all States and the specialized agencies and organizations of the United Nations system to continue to support and assist the Palestinian people in the early realization of their right to self-determination, including the right to their independent State of Palestine; 9. Requests the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to continue to report to the General Assembly on the economic costs of the Israeli occupation for the Palestinian people, and, while drawing attention to the alarming findings, as reflected in the recent reports7 in this regard, calls for the exertion of all efforts for the provision of the resources necessary to expedite the completion and publication of the report, including the facilitation and coordination of pertinent inputs from the relevant organs, bodies and agencies of the United Nations system; 10. Requests the Secretary-General to circulate the report of the Committee to all the competent bodies of the United Nations, and urges them to take the necessary action, as appropriate; 11. Requests the Committee, bearing in mind the regrettable absence of tangible progress towards a peaceful solution, to continue to focus its activities throughout 2019 on efforts and initiatives to end the Israeli occupation that began in 1967 and to organize activities in this regard, within existing resources and in cooperation with Governments, relevant organizations of the United Nations system, intergovernmental organizations and civil society organizations, aimed at raising international awareness and mobilizing diplomatic efforts to launch credible __________________ 7 A/71/174 and A/73/201. A/RES/73/18 Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People 18-20703 4/4 negotiations aimed at achieving without delay a just, lasting, comprehensive and peaceful solution to the question of Palestine in all its aspects; 12. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide the Committee with all the facilities necessary for the performance of its tasks.
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A/RES/73/181
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/73/589/Add.3)] 73/181. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran The General Assembly, Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, as well as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1 the International Covenants on Human Rights2 and other international human rights instruments, Recalling its previous resolutions on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the most recent of which is resolution 72/189 of 19 December 2017, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to resolution 72/1893 and the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 4 submitted pursuant to Council resolution 37/30 of 23 March 2018;5 2. Recalls the pledges made by the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran with regard to improving the human rights situation in the country; 3. Welcomes the amendments made to the Anti-Narcotics Law, passed in October 2017, which eliminated the mandatory imposition of the death penalty for certain drug-related offences and which have so far led to a significant drop in drug- related executions, while noting that many cases still have yet to be reviewed in accordance with those amendments, and encourages those within the judiciary who are responsible for applying the law to continue to convert drug-related death sentences to prison terms; __________________ 1 Resolution 217 A (III). 2 Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 3 A/73/299. 4 A/73/398. 5 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-third Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/73/53), chap. IV, sect. A. A/RES/73/181 Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran 18-22277 2/5 4. Notes the approval by the Parliament of the Islamic Republic of Iran of the Bill for Protection of the Rights of Children and Youth, in July 2018, which, if adopted and implemented, would mark an important step forward in protecting individuals from violence and abuse; 5. Recalls the commitments made by the Iranian authorities with regard to improving the situation of women, and notes in this regard the introduction of the Comprehensive Bill on Ensuring the Protection of Women against Violence; 6. Welcomes the engagement of the Islamic Republic of Iran with human rights treaty bodies, including through the submission of periodic reports, and notes in particular the engagement of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its participation in the universal periodic review; 7. Also welcomes the continuing efforts of the Islamic Republic of Iran to host large numbers of Afghan refugees and to grant them access to basic services, in particular access to health care and education for children; 8. Further welcomes the ongoing contact with and dialogue between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as the invitations extended to other special procedures mandate holders; 9. Welcomes the expressed readiness of the Iranian High Council for Human Rights and other Iranian officials to engage in bilateral dialogues on human rights; 10. Expresses serious concern, notwithstanding the previously noted reduction so far in the number of executions for drug-related crimes, at the alarmingly high frequency of the imposition and carrying-out of the death penalty by the Islamic Republic of Iran, in violation of its international obligations, including the imposition of the death penalty against minors and persons who at the time of their offence were under the age of 18, in violation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 6 and executions undertaken against persons on the basis of forced confessions or for crimes that do not qualify as the most serious crimes, including crimes that are overly broad or vaguely defined, in violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,2 expresses concern at the continuing disregard for internationally recognized safeguards, including executions undertaken without notification of the prisoner’s family members or legal counsel, and calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to abolish, in law and in practice, public executions, which are contrary to the 2008 directive seeking to end this practice issued by the former head of the judiciary; 11. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to ensure, in law and in practice, that no one is subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, which may include sexual violence, and punishments that are grossly disproportionate to the nature of the offence, in conformity with amendments to the Penal Code, the constitutional guarantees of the Islamic Republic of Iran and international obligations; 12. Urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to cease the widespread and systematic use of arbitrary detention, including the use of this practice to target dual and foreign nationals, to release those who have been arbitrarily detained and to uphold, in law and in practice, procedural guarantees to ensure fair trial standards, including timely access to legal representation of one’s choice from the time of arrest through all stages of trial and all appeals, the right not to be subjected to torture, cruel and inhuman or __________________ 6 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran A/RES/73/181 3/5 18-22277 degrading treatment or punishment and consideration of bail and other reasonable terms for release from custody pending trial; 13. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to release persons detained for the exercise of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, including those who have been detained solely for taking part in peaceful protests, to consider rescinding unduly harsh sentences, including those involving the death penalty and long-term internal exile, and to end reprisals against individuals, including for cooperating or attempting to cooperate with the United Nations human rights mechanisms; 14. Also calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to address the poor conditions of prisons, to end the practice of deliberately denying prisoners access to adequate medical treatment, which creates a consequent risk of death, and to put an end to the continued and sustained house arrest of leading opposition figures from the 2009 presidential elections despite serious concerns about their health, as well as the pressure exerted upon their relatives and dependants, including through arrest, and calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to establish credible and independent prison oversight authorities to investigate complaints of abuse; 15. Further calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the judicial and security branches, to create and maintain, in law and in practice, a safe and enabling environment in which an independent, diverse and pluralistic civil society can operate free from hindrance and insecurity, and urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to end widespread and serious restrictions, in law and in practice, on the right to freedom of expression and opinion, including in digital contexts, and the right to freedom of association and peaceful assembly, and to end its harassment, intimidation and persecution of political opponents, human rights defenders, women’s and minority rights defenders, labour leaders, students’ rights defenders, environmentalists, academics, film-makers, journalists, bloggers, social media users and social media page administrators, media workers, religious leaders, artists, lawyers and their families and persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities and their families, wherever it may occur; 16. Strongly urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination and other human rights violations against women and girls, including with respect to the right to freedom of movement, the right to enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, the right to freedom of religion or belief and the right to work, to take measures to ensure protection for women and girls against violence and their equal protection and access to justice, to address the concerning incidence of child, early and forced marriage, as recommended by the Committee on the Rights of the Child, to promote, support and enable women’s participation in political and other decision-making processes, and, while recognizing the high enrolment of women in all levels of education in the Islamic Republic of Iran, to lift restrictions on women’s equal access to all aspects of education and women’s equal participation in the labour market and in all aspects of economic, cultural, social and political life; 17. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination and other human rights violations against persons belonging to ethnic, linguistic, recognized or unrecognized religious minorities or other minorities, including but not limited to Arabs, including Ahwazi Arabs, Azeris, Balochis, Kurds and Turkmen, and their defenders; 18. Expresses serious concern about ongoing severe limitations and restrictions on the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief, restrictions on the establishment of places of worship, attacks against places of worship and burial and other human rights violations, including but not limited to harassment, intimidation, persecution, arbitrary arrests and detention, denial of access A/RES/73/181 Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran 18-22277 4/5 to education and incitement to hatred that leads to violence against persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities, including Christians, Gonabadi Dervishes, Jews, Sufi Muslims, Sunni Muslims, Yarsanis, Zoroastrians and members of the Baha’i faith and their defenders in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to release all religious practitioners imprisoned for their membership in or activities on behalf of a recognized or unrecognized minority religious group, including the remaining imprisoned member of the Baha’i leadership, whom the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention of the Human Rights Council has declared to have been arbitrarily detained since 2008; 19. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination on the basis of thought, conscience, religion or belief, including economic restrictions, such as the closure or confiscation of businesses and properties, the cancellation of licences and the denial of employment in certain public and private sectors, including government or military positions and elected office, and other human rights violations against persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities, and to end impunity for those who commit crimes against persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities; 20. Also calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to launch a comprehensive accountability process in response to all cases of serious human rights violations, including allegations of excessive use of force against peaceful protesters and cases of suspicious deaths in custody, as well as violations involving the Iranian judiciary and security agencies, and calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to end impunity for such violations; 21. Further calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to implement its obligations under those human rights treaties to which it is already a party, to withdraw any reservations that are imprecise or could be considered incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty, to consider acting upon the concluding observations concerning the Islamic Republic of Iran adopted by the bodies of the international human rights treaties to which it is a party and to consider ratifying or acceding to the international human rights treaties to which it is not already a party; 22. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to deepen its engagement with international human rights mechanisms by: (a) Cooperating fully with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, including by accepting the repeated requests made by the Special Rapporteur to visit the country in order to carry out the mandate; (b) Increasing cooperation with other special mechanisms, including by facilitating long-standing requests for access to the country from thematic special procedures mandate holders, whose access to its territory has been restricted or denied, despite the standing invitation issued by the Islamic Republic of Iran, without imposing undue conditions upon those visits; (c) Continuing to enhance its cooperation with the treaty bodies, including by submitting overdue reports under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination7 and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights;2 (d) Implementing all accepted universal periodic review recommendations from its first cycle, in 2010, and its second cycle, in 2014, with the full and genuine __________________ 7 Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran A/RES/73/181 5/5 18-22277 participation of independent civil society and other stakeholders in the implementation process, and by engaging constructively in its upcoming third cycle in 2019; (e) Building upon the engagement of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the universal periodic review process by continuing to explore cooperation on human rights and justice reform with the United Nations, including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; (f) Following through on its commitment to establish an independent national human rights institution, made in the context of both its first and its second universal periodic reviews by the Human Rights Council, with due regard for the recommendation of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; 23. Also calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to continue to translate the pledges made by the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran with respect to human rights concerns into concrete action that results in demonstrable improvements as soon as possible and to ensure that its national laws are consistent with its obligations under international human rights law and that they are implemented in accordance with its international obligations; 24. Further calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to address the substantive concerns highlighted in the reports of the Secretary-General and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as the specific calls to action found in previous resolutions of the General Assembly, and to respect fully its human rights obligations in law and in practice; 25. Strongly encourages the relevant thematic special procedures mandate holders to pay particular attention to, with a view to investigating and reporting on, the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran; 26. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session on the progress made in the implementation of the present resolution, including options and recommendations to improve its implementation, and to submit an interim report to the Human Rights Council at its fortieth session; 27. Decides to continue its examination of the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran at its seventy-fourth session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.
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A/RES/73/187
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 2018 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/73/590)] 73/187. Countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes The General Assembly, Noting that information and communications technologies, while having enormous potential for the development of States, create new opportunities for criminals and lead to a rise in crime, Noting also the potential of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, in preventing and combating the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes, Concerned by the increase in the rate and diversity of crimes committed in the digital world and their impact on the stability of critical infrastructure of States and enterprises and on the well-being of individuals, Recognizing that diverse criminals, including traffickers in persons, are taking advantage of information and communications technologies to carry out criminal activities, Stressing the need to enhance coordination and cooperation among States in combating the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes, including by providing technical assistance to developing countries, upon their request, to improve national legislation and build the capacity of national authorities to deal with such use in all its forms, including its prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution, and emphasizing in this context the role that the United Nations, in particular the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, plays, Recalling Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice resolution 22/8 of 26 April 2013,1 in which the Commission welcomed the efforts of the United __________________ 1 See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2013, Supplement No. 10 (E/2013/30), chap. I, sect. D. A/RES/73/187 Countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes 18-22283 2/3 Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in fulfilling its mandate to provide technical assistance and capacity-building on cybercrime, Noting the work, carried out by the Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, under the auspices of which an open-ended intergovernmental expert group was established to counter the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes, Recalling its resolution 65/230 of 21 December 2010, in which the General Assembly endorsed the Salvador Declaration on Comprehensive Strategies for Global Challenges: Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Systems and Their Development in a Changing World, Considering the discussions held during the first to fourth meetings of the open- ended intergovernmental expert group, held in Vienna from 17 to 21 January 2011, 25 to 28 February 2013, 10 to 13 April 2017 and 3 to 5 April 2018, about the need to further enhance international discussion on and cooperation against cybercrime, Noting the importance of the international and regional instruments in the fight against cybercrime and the ongoing efforts to examine options to strengthen existing and propose new national and international legal or other responses to the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes, Recalling its resolutions 53/70 of 4 December 1998, 54/49 of 1 December 1999, 55/28 of 20 November 2000, 56/19 of 29 November 2001, 57/53 of 22 November 2002, 58/32 of 8 December 2003, 59/61 of 3 December 2004, 60/45 of 8 December 2005, 61/54 of 6 December 2006, 62/17 of 5 December 2007, 63/37 of 2 December 2008, 64/25 of 2 December 2009, 65/41 of 8 December 2010, 66/24 of 2 December 2011, 66/181 of 19 December 2011, 67/27 of 3 December 2012, 68/193 of 18 December 2013, 68/243 of 27 December 2013, 69/28 of 2 December 2014, 70/237 of 23 December 2015, 71/28 of 5 December 2016 and 72/196 of 19 December 2017, Taking note of the reports of the Group of Governmental Experts on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security,2 Taking note also of Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice resolution 26/4 of 26 May 2017,3 in which the Commission expressed appreciation for the work done by the Expert Group to Conduct a Comprehensive Study on Cybercrime and requested the Expert Group to continue its work, with a view to examining options to strengthen existing responses and propose new national and international legal or other responses to cybercrime, Reaffirming the importance of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms in the use of information and communications technologies, 1. Requests the Secretary-General to seek the views of Member States on the challenges that they face in countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes and to present a report based on those views for consideration by the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session; 2. Decides that the additional costs that may arise from the implementation of paragraph 1 of the present resolution should be met from voluntary contributions; __________________ 2 A/65/201, A/68/98 and A/70/174. 3 See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2017, Supplement No. 10 (E/2017/30), chap. I, sect. D. Countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes A/RES/73/187 3/3 18-22283 3. Also decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fourth session an item entitled “Countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes”.
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A/RES/73/255
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2018 [on the report of the Second Committee (A/73/546)] 73/255. Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 72/240 of 20 December 2017, and taking note of Economic and Social Council resolution 2018/20 of 24 July 2018, Recalling also its resolutions 58/292 of 6 May 2004 and 59/251 of 22 December 2004, Reaffirming the principle of the permanent sovereignty of peoples under foreign occupation over their natural resources, Guided by the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, affirming the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, and recalling relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980, 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981 and 2334 (2016) of 23 December 2016, Recalling its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, Bearing in mind its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, Reaffirming the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,1 to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, __________________ * Reissued for technical reasons on 7 March 2019. 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973. A/RES/73/255 Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources 18-22636 2/5 Recalling, in this regard, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 2 and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,2 and affirming that these human rights instruments must be respected in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, as well as in the occupied Syrian Golan, Recalling also the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice on the legal consequences of the construction of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, 3 and recalling further its resolutions ES-10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES-10/17 of 15 December 2006, Recalling further its resolution 67/19 of 29 November 2012, Taking note of the accession by Palestine to several human rights treaties and the core humanitarian law treaties, as well as to other international treaties, Expressing its concern about the exploitation by Israel, the occupying Power, of the natural resources of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, Expressing its grave concern about the extensive destruction by Israel, the occupying Power, of agricultural land and orchards in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including the uprooting of a vast number of fruit-bearing trees and the destruction of farms and greenhouses, and the grave environmental and economic impact in this regard, Expressing its grave concern also about the widespread destruction caused by Israel, the occupying Power, to vital infrastructure, including water pipelines, sewage networks and electricity networks, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, in particular in the Gaza Strip during the military operations of July and August 2014, which, inter alia, has polluted the environment and which negatively affects the functioning of water and sanitation systems and the water supply and other natural resources of the Palestinian people, and stressing the urgency of the reconstruction and development of water and other vital civilian infrastructure, including the project for the desalination facility for the Gaza Strip, Expressing its grave concern further about the negative impact on the environment and on reconstruction and development efforts of unexploded ordnance that remains in the Gaza Strip as a result of the conflict in July and August 2014, and commending the efforts of the Mine Action Service of the United Nations for the safe removal of such ordnance, Expressing its grave concern about the chronic energy shortage in the Gaza Strip and its detrimental impact on the operation of water and sanitation facilities, which threaten to further erode groundwater resources, of which only 5 per cent remains potable, Recalling the 2009 report by the United Nations Environment Programme regarding the grave environmental situation in the Gaza Strip, and relevant reports by the United Nations country team, including “Gaza in 2020: a liveable place?”, “Gaza: two years after” and “Gaza ten years later”, and stressing the need for follow-up to the recommendations contained therein, Deploring the detrimental impact of the Israeli settlements on Palestinian and other Arab natural resources, especially as a result of the confiscation of land and the forced diversion of water resources, including the destruction of orchards and crops and the seizure of water wells by Israeli settlers, and of the dire socioeconomic consequences in this regard, __________________ 2 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 3 See A/ES-10/273 and A/ES-10/273/Corr.1. Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources A/RES/73/255 3/5 18-22636 Recalling the report of the independent international fact-finding mission to investigate the implications of the Israeli settlements on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem,4 Aware of the detrimental impact on Palestinian natural resources being caused by the unlawful construction of the wall by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, and of its grave effect as well on the economic and social conditions of the Palestinian people, Stressing the urgency of achieving without delay an end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967 and a just, lasting and comprehensive peace settlement on all tracks, on the basis of Security Council resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973, 425 (1978) of 19 March 1978, 1397 (2002) of 12 March 2002 and 2334 (2016), the principle of land for peace, the Arab Peace Initiative 5 and the Quartet performance-based road map to a permanent two-State solution to the Israeli- Palestinian conflict, 6 as endorsed by the Council in its resolution 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003 and supported by the Council in its resolution 1850 (2008) of 16 December 2008, Stressing also, in this regard, the need for respect for the obligation upon Israel under the road map to freeze settlement activity, including so-called “natural growth”, and to dismantle all settlement outposts erected since March 2001, Stressing further the need for respect and preservation of the territorial unity, contiguity and integrity of all of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, Recalling that the Security Council, in its resolution 2334 (2016), underlined that it would not recognize any changes to the 4 June 1967 lines, including with regard to Jerusalem, other than those agreed by the parties through negotiations, Recalling also the need to end all acts of violence, including acts of terror, provocation, incitement and destruction, Taking note of the report prepared by the Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia on the economic and social repercussions of the Israeli occupation on the living conditions of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan, as transmitted by the Secretary-General,7 1. Reaffirms the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people and of the population of the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources, including land, water and energy resources; 2. Demands that Israel, the occupying Power, cease the exploitation, damage, cause of loss or depletion and endangerment of the natural resources in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan; 3. Recognizes the right of the Palestinian people to claim restitution as a result of any exploitation, damage, loss or depletion or endangerment of their natural resources resulting from illegal measures taken by Israel, the occupying Power, and Israeli settlers in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and expresses the hope that this issue will be dealt with within the framework of the final status negotiations between the Palestinian and Israeli sides; __________________ 4 A/HRC/22/63. 5 A/56/1026-S/2002/932, annex II, resolution 14/221. 6 S/2003/529, annex. 7 A/73/87-E/2018/69. A/RES/73/255 Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources 18-22636 4/5 4. Stresses that the wall and settlements being constructed by Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, are contrary to international law and are seriously depriving the Palestinian people of their natural resources, and calls in this regard for full compliance with the legal obligations affirmed in the 9 July 2004 advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice3 and in relevant United Nations resolutions, including General Assembly resolution ES-10/15; 5. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to comply strictly with its obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law, and to cease immediately and completely all policies and measures aimed at the alteration of the character and status of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem; 6. Also calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to bring a halt to all actions, including those perpetrated by Israeli settlers, harming the environment, including the dumping of all kinds of waste materials, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan, which gravely threaten their natural resources, namely water and land resources, and which pose an environmental, sanitation and health threat to the civilian populations; 7. Further calls upon Israel to cease its destruction of vital infrastructure, including water pipelines, sewage networks and electricity networks, and to cease its demolition and confiscation of Palestinian homes and civilian infrastructure, agricultural lands and water wells, which, inter alia, have a negative impact on the natural resources of the Palestinian people, stresses the urgent need to advance reconstruction and development projects in this regard, including in the Gaza Strip, and calls for support for the necessary efforts in this regard, in line with the commitments made at, inter alia, the Cairo International Conference on Palestine: Reconstructing Gaza, held on 12 October 2014; 8. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to remove all obstacles to the implementation of critical environmental projects, including sewage treatment plants in the Gaza Strip and the reconstruction and development of water infrastructure, including the project for the desalination facility for the Gaza Strip; 9. Also calls upon Israel not to impede Palestinian development and export of discovered oil and natural gas reserves; 10. Calls for the immediate and safe removal of all unexploded ordnance in the Gaza Strip and for support for the efforts of the Mine Action Service of the United Nations in this regard, and welcomes the extensive efforts exerted by the Mine Action Service to date; 11. Encourages all States and international organizations to continue to actively pursue policies to ensure respect for their obligations under international law with regard to all illegal Israeli practices and measures in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, particularly Israeli settlement activities and the exploitation of natural resources; 12. Underscores, in this regard, the call by the Security Council, in its resolution 2334 (2016), upon all States to distinguish, in their relevant dealings, between the territory of the State of Israel and the territories occupied since 1967; 13. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session on the implementation of the present resolution, including with regard to the cumulative impact of the exploitation, damage and depletion by Israel of natural resources in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in the occupied Syrian Golan, and with regard to the impact of such practices on Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources A/RES/73/255 5/5 18-22636 the promotion of the Sustainable Development Goals, 8 and decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fourth session the item entitled “Permanent sovereignty of the Palestinian people in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of the Arab population in the occupied Syrian Golan over their natural resources”. 62nd plenary meeting 20 December 2018 __________________ 8 See resolution 70/1.
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A/RES/73/30
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 5 December 2018 [on the report of the First Committee (A/73/508)] 73/30. Prevention of an arms race in outer space The General Assembly, Recognizing the common interest of all humankind in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, Reaffirming the will of all States that the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, shall be for peaceful purposes and shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interest of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development, Reaffirming also the provisions of articles III and IV of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,1 Recalling the obligation of all States to observe the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations regarding the use or threat of use of force in their international relations, including in their space activities, Reaffirming paragraph 80 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,2 in which it is stated that, in order to prevent an arms race in outer space, further measures should be taken and appropriate international negotiations held in accordance with the spirit of the Treaty, Recalling its previous resolutions on this issue, the most recent of which is resolution 72/26 of 4 December 2017, and taking note of the proposals submitted to the General Assembly at its tenth special session and at its regular sessions and of the recommendations made to the competent organs of the United Nations and to the Conference on Disarmament, __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 610, No. 8843. 2 Resolution S-10/2. A/RES/73/30 Prevention of an arms race in outer space 18-21223 2/3 Recognizing that the prevention of an arms race in outer space would avert a grave danger for international peace and security, Emphasizing the paramount importance of strict compliance with existing arms limitation and disarmament agreements relevant to outer space, including bilateral agreements, and with the existing legal regime concerning the use of outer space, Considering that wide participation in the legal regime applicable to outer space could contribute to enhancing its effectiveness, Noting that the Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space, taking into account its previous efforts since its establishment in 1985 and seeking to enhance its functioning in qualitative terms, continued the examination and identification of various issues, existing agreements and existing proposals, as well as future initiatives relevant to the prevention of an arms race in outer space, and that this contributed to a better understanding of a number of problems and to a clearer perception of the various positions, Noting also that there were no objections in principle in the Conference on Disarmament to the re-establishment of the Ad Hoc Committee, subject to re-examination of the mandate contained in the decision of the Conference on Disarmament of 13 February 1992,3 Emphasizing the mutually complementary nature of bilateral and multilateral efforts for the prevention of an arms race in outer space, and hoping that concrete results will emerge from those efforts as soon as possible, Convinced that further measures should be examined in the search for effective and verifiable bilateral and multilateral agreements in order to prevent an arms race in outer space, including the weaponization of outer space, Stressing that the growing use of outer space increases the need for greater transparency and better information on the part of the international community, Recalling, in this context, its previous resolutions, in particular resolutions 45/55 B of 4 December 1990, 47/51 of 9 December 1992 and 48/74 A of 16 December 1993, in which, inter alia, it reaffirmed the importance of confidence-building measures as a means conducive to ensuring the attainment of the objective of the prevention of an arms race in outer space, Conscious of the benefits of confidence- and security-building measures in the military field, Recognizing that negotiations for the conclusion of an international agreement or agreements to prevent an arms race in outer space remain a priority task of the Conference on Disarmament and that the concrete proposals on confidence-building measures could form an integral part of such agreements, Noting with satisfaction the constructive, structured and focused debate on the prevention of an arms race in outer space at the Conference on Disarmament each year from 2009 to 2018, Noting the introduction by China and the Russian Federation at the Conference on Disarmament of the draft treaty on the prevention of the placement of weapons in outer space and of the threat or use of force against outer space objects in 2008 and the submission of its updated version in 2014,4 __________________ 3 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 27 (A/47/27), para. 76. 4 See CD/1839 and CD/1985. A/RES/73/30 3/3 18-21223 Taking note of the decision of the Conference on Disarmament to establish for its 2009 session a working group to discuss, substantially, without limitation, all issues related to the prevention of an arms race in outer space, and the decision to establish for its 2018 session a subsidiary body on the prevention of an arms race in outer space, 1. Reaffirms the importance and urgency of preventing an arms race in outer space and the readiness of all States to contribute to that common objective, in conformity with the provisions of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies;1 2. Reaffirms its recognition, as stated in the report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space, that the legal regime applicable to outer space by itself does not guarantee the prevention of an arms race in outer space, that the regime plays a significant role in the prevention of an arms race in that environment, that there is a need to consolidate and reinforce that regime and enhance its effectiveness and that it is important to comply strictly with existing agreements, both bilateral and multilateral; 3. Emphasizes the necessity of further measures with appropriate and effective provisions for verification to prevent an arms race in outer space; 4. Calls upon all States, in particular those with major space capabilities, to contribute actively to the objective of the peaceful use of outer space and of the prevention of an arms race in outer space and to refrain from actions contrary to that objective and to the relevant existing treaties in the interest of maintaining international peace and security and promoting international cooperation; 5. Reiterates that the Conference on Disarmament, as the sole multilateral disarmament negotiating forum, has the primary role in the negotiation of a multilateral agreement or agreements, as appropriate, on the prevention of an arms race in outer space in all its aspects; 6. Invites the Conference on Disarmament to establish a working group under its agenda item entitled “Prevention of an arms race in outer space” as early as possible; 7. Recognizes, in this respect, the growing convergence of views on the elaboration of measures designed to strengthen transparency, confidence and security in the peaceful uses of outer space; 8. Urges States conducting activities in outer space, as well as States interested in conducting such activities, to keep the Conference on Disarmament informed of the progress of bilateral and multilateral negotiations on the matter, if any, so as to facilitate its work; 9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fourth session the item entitled “Prevention of an arms race in outer space”.
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A/RES/73/330
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 July 2019 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/73/L.74 and A/73/L.74/Add.1)] 73/330. Cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 48/2 of 13 October 1993, by which it granted observer status to the Economic Cooperation Organization, Recalling also its previous resolutions on cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization, in which it invited various specialized agencies, as well as other organizations and programmes of the United Nations system and relevant financial institutions, to join in the efforts towards realizing its goals and the objectives of the Economic Cooperation Organization, Appreciating the efforts of the Economic Cooperation Organization to strengthen its relations with the United Nations system and with relevant international and regional organizations for the development and implementation of projects and programmes in areas of common interest, Noting the efforts made by the United Nations system and the relevant international and regional organizations in extending technical and financial assistance to the Economic Cooperation Organization for the development and implementation of programmes and projects pertaining to socioeconomic progress, and encouraging them to continue their support, 1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 71/16 of 21 November 2016,1 and acknowledges the growing cooperation between the two organizations; 2. Takes note of the Economic Cooperation Organization Vision 2025 and the Islamabad Declaration, issued at the thirteenth summit meeting of Heads of State and/or Government of the States members of the Economic Cooperation Organization, held in Islamabad on 1 March 2017; __________________ 1 See A/73/328-S/2018/592, sect. II. A/RES/73/330 Cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization 19-12816 2/7 3. Also takes note of the Baku Declaration, issued at the twelfth summit meeting of Heads of State and/or Government of the States members of the Economic Cooperation Organization, held in Baku on 16 October 2012; 2 4. Further takes note of the Dushanbe Communiqué, issued at the twenty- third meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Economic Cooperation Organization, held in Dushanbe on 17 April 2018; 5. Appreciates the continuing efforts to strengthen the existing cooperation between the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the Economic Cooperation Organization, especially in the field of trade capacity-building of member States, notes with satisfaction the completion of the implementation of the third phase of their joint programme in 2017, aimed at enhancing the capacity of member States to strengthen their standards, metrology, testing and quality infrastructure, and invites the relevant United Nations institutions and agencies to consider supporting the implementation of the fourth phase of the project; 6. Invites the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the World Trade Organization and the International Trade Centre to develop strategies for the States members of the Economic Cooperation Organization for trade liberalization and the promotion of foreign direct investment to facilitate the global and regional integration of their economies; 7. Notes the progress made on the trade facilitation programme of the Economic Cooperation Organization, and invites the World Trade Organization and relevant United Nations institutions and agencies, especially the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the United Nations Network of Experts for Paperless Trade and Transport in Asia and the Pacific, to support the Economic Cooperation Organization in developing a trade facilitation strategy and agreement, single windows in the member States, the TradeNet web portal and a unified visa system for facilitating the work of the region’s businesspeople and enhancing regional trade; 8. Appreciates the efforts of the Economic Cooperation Organization to implement the Economic Cooperation Organization Trade Agreement 3 for the enhancement of intraregional trade, and invites the World Trade Organization, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the International Trade Centre to consider extending technical assistance to the Economic Cooperation Organization for the implementation of the Trade Agreement and the development and implementation of comprehensive strategies to assist the States members of the Organization in the trade facilitation process, leading to the regional and global integration of their economies; 9. Welcomes the outcomes of the ninth meeting of Ministers of Transport of the States members of the Economic Cooperation Organization, held in Turkmenbashi, Turkmenistan, on 3 May 2018, which noted the improved performance of Economic Cooperation Organization regional transit transport and prioritized key projects for the near future while effectively implementing the Sustainable Development Goals on transport, including Goals 9 and 17, 4 and General Assembly resolution 72/212 of 20 December 2017, entitled “Strengthening the links between all modes of transport to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals,” in the region; 10. Notes the basic development needs of landlocked countries, including their need to overcome the limitations arising from their geographical positions, the lack of access to open seas and seaport facilities and other challenges hindering their __________________ 2 A/67/581, annex. 3 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2562, No. 45696. 4 See resolution 70/1. Cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization A/RES/73/330 3/7 19-12816 promotion of transit transport cooperation, and invites the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States and other relevant international and regional bodies to assist and cooperate with the Economic Cooperation Organization on the proposed study project of the Office and the Organization on the possibility of providing concessional services for landlocked countries in selected ports of transit countries of the region, including the establishment of effective logistics-based networking between the Organization’s major seaports and dry ports in landlocked countries; 11. Encourages all the relevant international financial and specialized institutions, taking into account the key role played by the railway and road networks of the region as land bridges between Asia and Europe, to consider participating in the implementation of the decision of the Ministers of Transport of the Economic Cooperation Organization at their ninth meeting to address investment gaps in the transport infrastructure networks and the need for mobilization of concessional financial resources for supporting regional transport corridors and connectivity in the Organization region, and invites the Economic Cooperation Organization Trade and Development Bank, the Islamic Development Bank and the Economic Commission for Europe to coordinate the establishment of a partnership/coordination platform of financial institutions; 12. Notes with satisfaction the conduct of the feasibility study on the customs provisions of the Transit Transport Framework Agreement and the modernization of border crossing points in the Economic Cooperation Organization region, and encourages the States members of the Organization to continue to take action at the national level on the implementation of a five-year plan of action for the modernization of customs border crossings of member States aimed at the upgrading/modernization of existing border crossing points services, improvement of customs-related infrastructure and institutional and legal strengthening in order to meet international standards; 13. Welcomes the reactivation of the membership of Afghanistan in the Customs Convention on the International Transport of Goods under Cover of TIR Carnets (TIR Convention) 5 and the finalization of formalities for accession by Pakistan to the TIR Convention, encourages the States members of the Economic Cooperation Organization that have not done so to accede to the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road 6 and those that have done so to accede also to the Additional Protocol thereto 7 and other relevant international instruments facilitating the movement of goods, and invites the relevant United Nations institutions and agencies and other international bodies to provide the necessary support to the States members of the Organization, in particular for capacity-building activities; 14. Encourages the finalization of the intergovernmental framework agreement on operationalizing and commercializing the Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan- Islamic Republic of Iran railway route by developing a common corridor management mechanism to raise operational efficiency through greater interoperability of infrastructure and railway operations among en-route countries, and notes that, once operationalized, the common corridor management mechanism of the Economic and __________________ 5 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1079, No. 16510. 6 Ibid., vol. 399, No. 5742. 7 Ibid., vol. 2762, No. 5742. A/RES/73/330 Cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization 19-12816 4/7 Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the Islamic Development Bank and the Economic Cooperation Organization will apply for all other rail routes of the Organization; 15. Expresses satisfaction at the fulfilment of the mandate given by the Ministers of Information and Communications Technologies of the Economic Cooperation Organization at their first meeting, which has culminated in the conduct of two regional studies, a joint Economic Cooperation Organization-International Telecommunication Union study on information and communications technology needs of the States members of the Organization and a study on information society services in the Organization region, with technical assistance from the International Telecommunication Union, resulting in the draft 2025 Economic Cooperation Organization Regional Strategy for Information Society Development and its Action Plan, serving as a road map to promote integration and cooperation among member States in information and communications technologies, and invites the International Telecommunication Union to continue to extend its institutional guidance and assistance to the activities of the Organization in the action-oriented phase in implementation of the Action Plan; 16. Invites the Economic Commission for Europe and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development to cooperate with the Economic Cooperation Organization for the facilitation of transit trade among the States members of the Organization and the modernization of their border crossing points; 17. Notes the initiative of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization to prepare a technical assistance project proposal on the implementation of the regional programmes for food security of the Economic Cooperation Organization under the Global Agriculture and Food Security Programme administered by the World Bank, and invites the relevant United Nations institutions and agencies, especially the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, to consider providing technical and financial assistance to the Economic Cooperation Organization for preparing and implementing detailed project proposals under the programme components suitable to the needs of the member States; 18. Recognizes the growing importance of tourism in the sustainable development of the region and its potential in the promotion of a sustainable economy, and invites the relevant United Nations institutions and agencies and other organizations, especially the World Tourism Organization, the United Nations Environment Programme, the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank, to consider extending financial and technical support to the Economic Cooperation Organization for the development of regional projects related to tourism promotion and to support its programmes; 19. Notes the ongoing endeavours of the Economic Cooperation Organization towards achieving more diverse and resilient energy architecture in the Organization region, supported by the mainstreaming of cleaner and sustainable energy sources, which are also in line with the Sustainable Development Goals and Sustainable Energy for All, and thus calls upon the United Nations agencies concerned to consider rendering financial and technical support for Economic Cooperation Organization regional projects in the fields of clean energy, renewables, energy efficiency and conservation and the energy-environment nexus; 20. Welcomes the recent cooperation between the Economic Cooperation Organization and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization towards the launching of the preparatory phase of the establishment of the Economic Cooperation Organization Clean Energy Centre, and calls upon the relevant United Nations agencies and international financial institutions and instruments, in particular Cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization A/RES/73/330 5/7 19-12816 global environmental funds, the Islamic Development Bank and European Union- related sources, to extend their financial and technical support for the different stages of implementation of the project; 21. Highlights the importance of harmonization and alignment towards a regional power/electricity market within the Economic Cooperation Organization region, encourages the States members of the Organization to harness benefits from increasing regional electricity trade and integrating power systems through the implementation of the initiative on the establishment of the Economic Cooperation Organization Regional Electricity Market, and invites the relevant United Nations agencies and international organizations, in particular the Energy Charter secretariat, to extend their support to these efforts; 22. Recognizes the significance of mutual cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization in addressing the global challenges referred to in its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, and emphasizes the necessity of regular cooperation between the two organizations for achieving the goals envisaged in that resolution; 23. Welcomes the enhancement of cooperation between the Economic Cooperation Organization and the environment-related agencies, conventions and forums of the United Nations, in particular the United Nations Environment Programme, the United Nations Forum on Forests, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the secretariats of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa and the Convention on Biological Diversity; 24. Notes the finalization of the project development phase of the project on combating desertification with a special emphasis on dust haze and sand storms in the Economic Cooperation Organization region, and invites the relevant United Nations agencies, in particular the secretariats of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Forum on Forests, to extend the support necessary to mobilize financial resources for the project; 25. Notes with satisfaction the outcome of the Economic Cooperation Organization-United Nations Forum on Forests expert meeting on enhancing regional and subregional involvement in the work of the international arrangement on forests, held in Tehran from 26 to 28 September 2016, and the Economic Cooperation Organization side event held on 12 December 2016 in Cancun, Mexico, on the margins of the thirteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, and urges the secretariat of the Convention and the Forum to consider rendering their support to fundraising for the relevant projects of the Organization in the fields of sustainable forest management and biodiversity; 26. Highlights the importance of enhanced cooperation between the Economic Cooperation Organization and the specialized agencies of the United Nations system concerning the health-related Sustainable Development Goals, and encourages the relevant United Nations entities, especially the United Nations Development Programme, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, the United Nations Population Fund, the United Nations Children’s Fund and the World Health Organization, to consider extending technical and financial support to the Economic Cooperation Organization in this regard, as appropriate; A/RES/73/330 Cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization 19-12816 6/7 27. Appreciates the efforts of the Economic Cooperation Organization to enhance cooperation in the field of health in the region in collaboration with international organizations and the specialized agencies, especially the World Health Organization, the International Society of Blood Transfusion, the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Children’s Fund and the United Nations Population Fund, and encourages their continued support for the activities of the Economic Cooperation Organization in the field of health; 28. Notes the vulnerability of the States members of the Economic Cooperation Organization to natural disasters, and urges the relevant United Nations institutions and agencies, including the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and the United Nations Development Programme, to consider expanding their cooperation with the Economic Cooperation Organization in the area of natural and human-made disaster risk reduction and also to consider extending their technical and financial support for the activities of the Organization in the field of natural disaster risk reduction in the region, including the recent Economic Cooperation Organization Regional Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction fostering the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–20308 in the region, and invites relevant international organizations and financial institutions to assist the implementation of the Regional Framework; 29. Highlights the importance of high-quality statistics as a tool for the implementation of development goals and the importance of future cooperation and partnership between the Economic Cooperation Organization and the Statistics Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat in this regard, and encourages the Division to consider extending technical and financial support to the Organization in the field of statistics, as appropriate; 30. Appreciates the joint cooperation between the Economic Cooperation Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in conducting a training workshop on the CountrySTAT system, in Tehran from 24 to 28 July 2016, as part of the second phase of the project of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on support for the implementation and development of the CountrySTAT framework in the Economic Cooperation Organization region; 31. Also appreciates the efforts and activities of the Economic Cooperation Organization in compiling and disseminating drug-related data, and organizing workshops and training programmes aimed at enhancing the technical and professional expertise of the officials working in the relevant anti-narcotics forces and agencies of its member States, and encourages the United Nations agencies and the donor community, such as the European Commission and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, to continue to provide technical and financial assistance to the Organization in its efforts against drug-related and other related crimes; 32. Acknowledges the ongoing efforts of the States members of the Economic Cooperation Organization to strengthen regional cooperation to combat drugs and organized crime, including the establishment of a police mechanism, a regional judicial and legal cooperation mechanism and the Economic Cooperation Organization regional centre for the cooperation of anti-corruption agencies and ombudsmen, and invites the relevant organizations of the United Nations system and other international organizations, including the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, to assist and support those efforts; __________________ 8 Resolution 69/283, annex II. Cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization A/RES/73/330 7/7 19-12816 33. Appreciates the contributions made by the Economic Cooperation Organization towards reconstruction and development in Afghanistan, commends its active participation in and constructive contributions to various regional and international initiatives on Afghanistan, especially appreciates its support for the high-level Core Group of Regional Forum Secretaries-General, established at the meeting of the regional bodies on 19 July 2010, the Regional Economic Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan and the Istanbul Process on Regional Security and Cooperation for a Secure and Stable Afghanistan, 9 and invites relevant United Nations agencies and other international organizations to assist the Economic Cooperation Organization in implementing its Advocacy Programme for Afghanistan adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization at its twenty-third meeting, held in Dushanbe, with the aim of assisting Afghanistan in its efforts for stability, reconstruction, economic growth and sustainable development; 34. Notes with appreciation the activities of the Cultural Institute, the Science Foundation and the Educational Institute of the Economic Cooperation Organization as specialized agencies of the Organization to foster regional cooperation among its member States in the fields of culture, science and education, respectively, and encourages the relevant specialized agencies of the United Nations system, especially the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, to cooperate with these bodies, within the scope of their mandate and existing resources, in order to develop and implement appropriate projects for the promotion of science and education in the region; 35. Recognizes the importance of the role of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Economic Cooperation Organization in strengthening multifaceted regional cooperation in the region; 36. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-fifth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution; 37. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fifth session, under the item entitled “Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and other organizations”, the sub-item entitled “Cooperation between the United Nations and the Economic Cooperation Organization”. 101st plenary meeting 25 July 2019 __________________ 9 A/66/601-S/2011/767, annex.
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A/RES/73/344
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 September 2019 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/73/L.107 and A/73/L.107/Add.1)] 73/344. Academy for Human Encounters and Dialogue The General Assembly, Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, Recalling all relevant General Assembly resolutions, in particular resolutions 56/6 of 9 November 2001 on the Global Agenda for Dialogue among Civilizations, 57/6 of 4 November 2002 on the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World, 2001–2010, 58/128 of 19 December 2003 on the promotion of religious and cultural understanding, harmony and cooperation, 59/23 of 11 November 2004 on the promotion of interreligious dialogue, 59/199 of 20 December 2004 on the elimination of all forms of religious intolerance, 61/161 of 19 December 2006 on the elimination of all forms of intolerance and of discrimination based on religion or belief, 73/90 of 7 December 2018, in the context of the principles and purposes of the University for Peace, and 73/129 of 12 December 2018 on the promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace, Recognizing the ongoing efforts of relevant entities of the United Nations system aimed at developing values and skills conducive to a culture of peace, including education and training in promoting dialogue and consensus-building, Considering the importance of promoting education for peace that fosters respect for the values inherent in peace and universal coexistence among people, including respect for the life, dignity and integrity of human beings, as well as friendship and solidarity among people irrespective of their nationality, race, sex, religion or culture, Recalling the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 1 and the need to coordinate efforts for its implementation, __________________ 1 Resolution 70/1. A/RES/73/344 Academy for Human Encounters and Dialogue 19-15933 2/2 Recognizing the importance of the Declaration2 and Programme of Action3 on a Culture of Peace, adopted by the General Assembly on 13 September 1999, which serve as the universal mandate for the international community, particularly the United Nations system, for the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence that benefits humanity, in particular future generations, Recognizing also the relevance of the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals, including Goal 4, to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all, Goal 5, to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, and Goal 16, to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels, Recognizing further that cultural diversity and the pursuit of cultural development by all peoples and nations are sources of mutual enrichment for the cultural life of humankind, Convinced that the promotion of cultural pluralism and tolerance towards and dialogue among various cultures and civilizations would contribute to the efforts of all peoples and nations to enrich their cultures and traditions through engagement in a mutually beneficial exchange of knowledge and intellectual, moral and material achievements, Bearing in mind the positive potential of dialogue initiatives at the national, regional and international levels to make a valuable contribution to improved awareness and understanding of the common values shared by all humankind, Expressing its appreciation to the President of Lebanon for his efforts to strengthen the role of Lebanon as a centre of dialogue and diversity, in particular through his initiative to establish the Academy for Human Encounters and Dialogue, 1. Welcomes the initiative by the President of Lebanon to establish the Academy for Human Encounters and Dialogue in Beirut; 2. Encourages the Secretary-General, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and other relevant specialized agencies to support, within existing resources and in accordance with their respective mandates, the efforts to establish the Academy; 3. Requests the Secretary-General to keep the General Assembly informed of the implementation of the present resolution. 107th plenary meeting 16 September 2019 __________________ 2 Resolution 53/243 A. 3 Resolution 53/243 B.
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A/RES/73/48
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 5 December 2018 [on the report of the First Committee (A/73/510 and A/73/510/Corr.1)] 73/48. Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 72/31 of 4 December 2017, 1. Welcomes the adoption of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons1 on 7 July 2017; 2. Notes that the Treaty has been open for signature at United Nations Headquarters in New York since 20 September 2017; 3. Welcomes that already 69 States had signed the Treaty and 19 States had ratified or acceded to it as at 17 October 2018; 4. Calls upon all States that have not yet done so to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to the Treaty at the earliest possible date; 5. Calls upon those States in a position to do so to promote adherence to the Treaty through bilateral, subregional, regional and multilateral contacts, outreach and other means; 6. Requests the Secretary-General, as depositary of the Treaty, to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session on the status of signature and ratification, acceptance, approval or accession of the Treaty; 7. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fourth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons”. 45th plenary meeting 5 December 2018 __________________ 1 A/CONF.229/2017/8.
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A/RES/73/92
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2018 [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/73/523)] 73/92. Assistance to Palestine refugees The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 194 (III) of 11 December 1948 and all its subsequent resolutions on the question, including resolution 72/80 of 7 December 2017, Recalling also its resolution 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949, by which, inter alia, it established the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, Recalling further the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, Aware of the fact that, for more than six decades, the Palestine refugees have suffered from the loss of their homes, lands and means of livelihood, Affirming the imperative of resolving the problem of the Palestine refugees for the achievement of justice and for the achievement of lasting peace in the region, Acknowledging the essential role that the Agency has played for over 65 years since its establishment in ameliorating the plight of the Palestine refugees through the provision of education, health, relief and social services and ongoing work in the areas of camp infrastructure, microfinance, protection and emergency assistance, Taking note of the report of the Commissioner-General of the Agency covering the period from 1 January to 31 December 2017,1 Taking note also of the report of the Commissioner-General of 31 May 2018, submitted pursuant to paragraph 57 of the report of the Secretary-General, 2 and expressing concern regarding the severe financial crisis of the Agency and the negative implications for the continued delivery of core programmes to the Palestine refugees in all fields of operation, __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-third Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/73/13). 2 A/71/849. A/RES/73/92 Assistance to Palestine refugees 18-21408 2/2 Aware of the growing needs of the Palestine refugees throughout all the fields of operation, namely, Jordan, Lebanon, the Syrian Arab Republic and the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Expressing grave concern at the especially difficult situation of the Palestine refugees under occupation, including with regard to their safety, well-being and socioeconomic living conditions, Expressing grave concern in particular at the grave humanitarian situation and socioeconomic conditions of the Palestine refugees in the Gaza Strip, and underlining the importance of emergency and humanitarian assistance and urgent reconstruction efforts, Noting the signing of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements on 13 September 1993 by the Government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization3 and the subsequent implementation agreements, 1. Notes with regret that repatriation or compensation of the refugees, as provided for in paragraph 11 of General Assembly resolution 194 (III), has not yet been effected, and that, therefore, the situation of the Palestine refugees continues to be a matter of grave concern and the Palestine refugees continue to require assistance to meet basic health, education and living needs; 2. Also notes with regret that the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine has been unable to find a means of achieving progress in the implementation of paragraph 11 of General Assembly resolution 194 (III), and reaffirms its request to the Conciliation Commission to continue exerting efforts towards the implementation of that paragraph and to report to the Assembly on the efforts being exerted in this regard as appropriate, but no later than 1 September 2019; 3. Affirms the necessity for the continuation of the work of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East and the importance of its unimpeded operation and its provision of services, including emergency assistance, for the well-being, protection and human development of the Palestine refugees and for the stability of the region, pending the just resolution of the question of the Palestine refugees; 4. Calls upon all donors to continue to strengthen their efforts to meet the anticipated needs of the Agency, including with regard to increased expenditures and needs arising from conflicts and instability in the region and the serious socioeconomic and humanitarian situation, particularly in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, and those needs mentioned in recent emergency, recovery and reconstruction appeals and plans for the Gaza Strip and in the regional crisis response plans to address the situation of Palestine refugees in the Syrian Arab Republic and those Palestine refugees who have fled to countries in the region; 5. Commends the Agency for its provision of vital assistance to the Palestine refugees and its role as a stabilizing factor in the region and the tireless efforts of the staff of the Agency in carrying out its mandate; 6. Decides to admit, upon its request, Qatar, in accordance with the criterion set forth in General Assembly decision 60/522 of 8 December 2005, as a member of the Advisory Commission of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. 48th plenary meeting 7 December 2018 __________________ 3 A/48/486-S/26560, annex.
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A/RES/73/95
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2018 [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/73/523)] 73/95. Palestine refugees’ properties and their revenues The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 194 (III) of 11 December 1948 and 36/146 C of 16 December 1981 and all its subsequent resolutions on the question, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to its resolution 72/83 of 7 December 2017, 1 as well as that of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine for the period from 1 September 2017 to 31 August 2018,2 Recalling that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights3 and the principles of international law uphold the principle that no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his or her property, Recalling in particular its resolution 394 (V) of 14 December 1950, in which it directed the Conciliation Commission, in consultation with the parties concerned, to prescribe measures for the protection of the rights, property and interests of the Palestine refugees, Noting the completion of the programme of identification and evaluation of Arab property, as announced by the Conciliation Commission in its twenty-second progress report,4 and the fact that the Land Office had a schedule of Arab owners and a file of documents defining the location, area and other particulars of Arab property, __________________ 1 A/73/323. 2 A/73/296. 3 Resolution 217 A (III). 4 Official Records of the General Assembly, Nineteenth Session, Annexes, Annex No. 11, document A/5700. A/RES/73/95 Palestine refugees’ properties and their revenues 18-21414 2/2 Expressing its appreciation for the preservation and modernization of the existing records, including the land records, of the Conciliation Commission, and stressing the importance of such records for a just resolution of the plight of the Palestine refugees in conformity with resolution 194 (III), Recalling that, in the framework of the Middle East peace process, the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Government of Israel agreed, in the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 1993, 5 to commence negotiations on permanent status issues, including the important issue of the refugees, 1. Reaffirms that the Palestine refugees are entitled to their property and to the income derived therefrom, in conformity with the principles of equity and justice; 2. Requests the Secretary-General to take all appropriate steps, in consultation with the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, for the protection of Arab property, assets and property rights in Israel; 3. Calls once again upon Israel to render all facilities and assistance to the Secretary-General in the implementation of the present resolution; 4. Calls upon all the parties concerned to provide the Secretary-General with any pertinent information in their possession concerning Arab property, assets and property rights in Israel that would assist him in the implementation of the present resolution; 5. Urges the Palestinian and Israeli sides, as agreed between them, to deal with the important issue of Palestine refugees’ properties and their revenues within the framework of the final status peace negotiations; 6. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session on the implementation of the present resolution. 48th plenary meeting 7 December 2018 __________________ 5 A/48/486-S/26560, annex.
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A/RES/74/130
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2019 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/74/393)] 74/130. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees The General Assembly, Having considered the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the activities of his Office1 and the report of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the work of its seventieth session2 and the decisions contained therein, Recalling its previous annual resolutions on the work of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees since its establishment by the General Assembly, Expressing deep concern that the number of people who are forcibly displaced owing to, inter alia, conflict, persecution and violence, including terrorism, has reached the highest level since the Second World War, Noting with grave concern that, despite the tremendous generosity of host countries and donors, including unprecedented levels of humanitarian funding, the gap between needs and humanitarian funding continues to grow, Recognizing that forced displacement has, inter alia, humanitarian and development implications, Expressing its appreciation for the leadership shown by the High Commissioner, and commending the staff of his Office and its partners for the competent, courageous and dedicated manner in which they discharge their responsibilities, __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fourth Session, Supplement No. 12 (A/74/12). 2 Ibid., Supplement No. 12A (A/74/12/Add.1). A/RES/74/130 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 19-22225 2/9 Underlining its strong condemnation of all forms of violence to which humanitarian personnel are increasingly exposed, Reaffirming the need for consistency with international law and relevant General Assembly resolutions, and taking into account national policies, priorities and realities, Recalling its resolution 46/182 of 19 December 1991 on the strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations and all subsequent General Assembly resolutions on the subject, including resolution 73/139 of 14 December 2018, 1. Welcomes the important work undertaken by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and its Executive Committee in the course of the year, which is aimed at strengthening the international protection regime and assisting Governments in meeting their protection responsibilities, and underlines the importance of durable solutions, the securing of which is one of the principal goals of international protection, and the significance of the Office’s efforts to promote addressing root causes, within its mandate; 2. Endorses the report of the Executive Committee of the Programme of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the work of its seventieth session;2 3. Recognizes the relevance of the Executive Committee’s practice of adopting conclusions, and encourages the Executive Committee to continue this process; 4. Reaffirms the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees3 and the 1967 Protocol thereto 4 as the foundation of the international refugee protection regime, recognizes the importance of their full and effective application by States parties and the values they embody, notes with satisfaction that 149 States are now parties to one or both instruments, encourages States not parties to consider acceding to those instruments and States parties with reservations to give consideration to withdrawing them, underlines, in particular, the importance of full respect for the principle of non-refoulement, and recognizes that a number of States not parties to the international refugee instruments have shown a generous approach to hosting refugees; 5. Urges States that are parties to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol thereto to respect their obligations in letter and spirit; 6. Re-emphasizes that the protection of refugees is primarily the responsibility of States, whose full and effective cooperation, action and political resolve are required to enable the Office of the High Commissioner to fulfil its mandated functions, and strongly emphasizes the importance of active international solidarity and burden- and responsibility-sharing; 7. Welcomes recent accessions to the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons5 and the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, 6 notes that 94 States are now parties to the 1954 Convention and 74 States are parties to the 1961 Convention, encourages States that have not done so to give consideration to acceding to those instruments, notes the work of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees with regard to identifying stateless persons, preventing and reducing statelessness and protecting stateless persons, and urges the Office of __________________ 3 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 189, No. 2545. 4 Ibid., vol. 606, No. 8791. 5 Ibid., vol. 360, No. 5158. 6 Ibid., vol. 989, No. 14458. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees A/RES/74/130 3/9 19-22225 the High Commissioner to continue to work in this area in accordance with relevant General Assembly resolutions and Executive Committee conclusions; 8. Re-emphasizes that prevention and reduction of statelessness are primarily the responsibility of States, in appropriate cooperation with the international community, in this regard welcomes the results achieved in the first five years of the global campaign to end statelessness within a decade, and notes the high-level segment that took place at the start of the seventieth plenary session of the Executive Committee, which discussed the issue of statelessness, encourages all States to consider actions they may take to further the prevention and reduction of statelessness, and welcomes efforts that have been made by States in this regard; 9. Also re-emphasizes that protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons are primarily the responsibility of States, in appropriate cooperation with the international community, aimed at, inter alia, facilitating voluntary, safe and dignified return, integration or relocation in their own country; 10. Notes the current activities of the Office of the High Commissioner related to protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons, including in the context of inter-agency arrangements in this field, emphasizes that such activities should be carried out with the full consent of the affected States, consistent with relevant General Assembly resolutions, and should not undermine the refugee mandate of the Office and the institution of asylum, and encourages the High Commissioner to continue his dialogue with States on the role of his Office in this regard; 11. Encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to continue to respond adequately to emergencies, in accordance with its mandate and in cooperation with States, notes the ongoing measures to strengthen its capacity to respond to emergencies, and encourages the Office to pursue efforts to further strengthen its emergency response capacity to ensure a more predictable, effective and timely response; 12. Also encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to work in partnership and full cooperation with relevant national authorities, United Nations offices and agencies, international and intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations, the private sector and non-governmental organizations to continue to contribute to the development of humanitarian response capacities at all levels; 13. Welcomes the efforts by the Office of the High Commissioner to ensure a more inclusive, transparent, predictable and well-coordinated response to refugees as well as internally displaced persons and other persons of concern, consistent with its mandate, and in this regard takes note of the implementation of the refugee coordination model; 14. Encourages the Office of the High Commissioner to continue to work with the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat to enhance the coordination, effectiveness and efficiency of humanitarian response and to contribute, in consultation with States, as appropriate, to making further progress towards common humanitarian needs assessments, as stated, among other important issues, in General Assembly resolution 73/139 on the strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations, and recalls the role of the Office of the High Commissioner as the leading entity of the clusters for protection, camp coordination and management and emergency shelter in complex emergencies; 15. Underlines the centrality of international cooperation to the refugee protection regime, recognizes the burden that large movements of refugees place on major and long-standing refugee-hosting countries and communities, as well as their national resources, especially in the case of developing countries, and calls for a more equitable sharing of the burden and responsibility for hosting and supporting the world’s refugees, addressing the needs of refugees and hosting States, while taking A/RES/74/130 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 19-22225 4/9 account of existing contributions and the differing capacities and resources among States; 16. Notes the significant global and regional initiatives, conferences and summits undertaken in 2019 to strengthen international solidarity with and cooperation for refugees and other persons of concern, and encourages those who participated to implement their commitments made therein; 17. Recalls the adoption of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants7 at the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly on addressing large movements of refugees and migrants, on 19 September 2016, and encourages States to implement relevant commitments made therein; 18. Recalls the global compact on refugees as set out in the High Commissioner’s annual report (part II) of 2018,8 affirmed on 17 December 2018,9 and calls upon the international community as a whole, including States and other relevant stakeholders, to implement the compact in order to achieve its four objectives on an equal footing based on the principle of burden- and responsibility-sharing, and in accordance with the guiding principles and paragraph 4 of the global compact on refugees, through concrete actions, pledges and contributions, including at the first Global Refugee Forum in December 2019, and requests the High Commissioner to report regularly on the progress being made; 19. Emphasizes the need for robust, well-functioning, concrete arrangements and potential, complementary mechanisms for ensuring predictable, equitable, efficient and effective burden- and responsibility-sharing in the context of the global compact on refugees; 20. Notes with appreciation the efforts made by the increased number of countries applying the comprehensive refugee response framework that is part of the global compact on refugees, including through regional approaches, where applicable, such as the comprehensive regional protection and solutions framework (MIRPS) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development regional approach; 21. Renews its call upon all States and other relevant stakeholders to provide the necessary support for the implementation of the global compact on refugees and its comprehensive refugee response framework with a view to sharing the burden and responsibilities for hosting and supporting refugees, while recognizing contributions already made, and underscores the critical importance of additional development support over and above regular development assistance for host countries and countries of origin; 22. Invites the High Commissioner to continue coordinating the effort to measure the impact arising from hosting, protecting and assisting refugees, with a view to assessing gaps in international cooperation and promoting burden- and responsibility-sharing that is more equitable, predictable and sustainable, and to report on the results to Member States in 2020; 23. Calls upon States and other stakeholders that have not yet contributed to burden- and responsibility-sharing to do so, with a view to broadening the support base, in a spirit of international solidarity and cooperation; 24. Welcomes the active engagement of the Office of the High Commissioner in the United Nations development system reform, including as part of broader efforts towards generating system-wide efficiencies; __________________ 7 Resolution 71/1. 8 See A/73/12 (part II). 9 See resolution 73/151. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees A/RES/74/130 5/9 19-22225 25. Notes the transformation process that the High Commissioner has started to establish clearer authorities and lines of accountability, including through regionalization and decentralization, in order to enable a more timely, relevant and efficient response to the needs of persons of concern and to ensure the effective and transparent use of the Office’s resources; 26. Recognizes the value of a geographically diverse and representative workforce, with a view to reflecting the international character of the Office of the High Commissioner, and calls upon the Office to take effective measures to ensure balanced geographical representation and gender parity across the regions, in particular from underrepresented States, among its workforce both at headquarters and in the field, particularly at the senior level, which will also promote a better understanding of the working environment; 27. Welcomes the commitment and efforts of the Office of the High Commissioner to prevent, mitigate and respond to sexual exploitation and abuse, sexual harassment, fraud, corruption and other forms of misconduct, and encourages the Office to sustain action with a view to strengthening and enforcing the zero- tolerance approach within the Office; 28. Expresses deep concern about the increasing threats to the safety and security of humanitarian aid workers and convoys and, in particular, the loss of life of humanitarian personnel working in the most difficult and challenging conditions in order to assist those in need; 29. Emphasizes the need for States to ensure that perpetrators of attacks committed on their territory against humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel do not operate with impunity and that the perpetrators of such acts are promptly brought to justice as provided for by national laws and obligations under international law; 30. Strongly condemns attacks on refugees, asylum seekers, stateless persons and internally displaced persons and acts that pose a threat to their personal security and well-being, calls upon all States concerned and, where applicable, parties involved in an armed conflict to take all measures necessary to respect and ensure respect for human rights and international humanitarian law, and urges all States to fight racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia, related intolerance and hate speech; 31. Deplores the refoulement and unlawful expulsion of refugees and asylum seekers, and calls upon all States concerned to respect the relevant principles of refugee protection and human rights; 32. Urges States to uphold the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps and settlements, inter alia, through effective measures to prevent the infiltration of armed elements, to identify and separate any such armed elements from refugee populations, to settle refugees in secure locations and to afford to the Office of the High Commissioner and, where appropriate, other humanitarian organizations prompt, unhindered and safe access to asylum seekers, refugees and other persons of concern; 33. Notes with increasing concern that asylum seekers, refugees and stateless persons are subject to arbitrary detention in numerous situations and encourages working towards the ending of this practice, welcomes the increasing use of alternatives to detention, especially in the case of children, and emphasizes the need for States to limit detention of asylum seekers, refugees and stateless persons to that which is necessary, giving full consideration to possible alternatives; 34. Notes with grave concern the significant risks to which many refugees and asylum seekers are exposed as they attempt to reach safety, and encourages international cooperation to ensure adequate response mechanisms, including life-saving measures, A/RES/74/130 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 19-22225 6/9 reception, registration and assistance, as well as to ensure that safe and regular access to asylum for persons in need of international protection remains open and accessible; 35. Expresses grave concern at the large number of asylum seekers who have lost their lives at sea trying to reach safety, encourages international cooperation to further strengthen search and rescue mechanisms in accordance with international law, and commends the great life-saving efforts and actions taken by a number of States in this regard; 36. Emphasizes that the international protection of refugees is a dynamic and action-oriented function that is at the core of the mandate of the Office of the High Commissioner and that it includes, in cooperation with States and other partners, the promotion and facilitation of the admission, reception and treatment of refugees in accordance with internationally agreed standards and the ensuring of durable, protection-oriented solutions, bearing in mind the particular needs of vulnerable groups and paying special attention to those with specific needs, and notes in this context that the delivery of international protection is a staff-intensive service that requires adequate staff with the appropriate expertise, especially at the field level; 37. Expresses grave concern about the long-term impact of continued cuts in food rations on the health and well-being of refugees globally, particularly in Africa and the Middle East, and especially its impact on children, owing to insufficient funding and increased costs, and calls upon States to ensure sustained support for the Office of the High Commissioner and the World Food Programme, while looking to provide refugees with alternatives to food assistance, pending a durable solution; 38. Welcomes the positive steps taken by individual States to open their labour markets to refugees; 39. Affirms the importance of age, gender and diversity mainstreaming in analysing protection needs and ensuring the participation of refugees and other persons of concern to the Office of the High Commissioner, as appropriate, in the planning and implementation of programmes of the Office and of State policies, also affirms the importance of according priority to addressing discrimination, gender inequality and the problem of sexual and gender-based violence, recognizing the importance of addressing the protection needs of women, children and persons with disabilities in particular, and underlines the importance of continuing to work on those issues; 40. Encourages States to put in place, if they have not yet done so, appropriate systems and procedures to ensure that the best interests of the child are a primary consideration with regard to all actions concerning refugee children; 41. Notes with concern that a large proportion of the world’s out-of-school population lives in conflict-affected areas, and calls upon States, in their implementation of the global compact on refugees, to lend support to host countries in providing quality primary and secondary education in safe learning environments for all refugee children, and to do so within a few months of the initial displacement, as well as the commitments in the Incheon Declaration: Education 2030 – towards inclusive and equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all to develop more inclusive, responsive and resilient education systems to meet the needs of children, youth and adults in these contexts, including internally displaced persons and refugees; 42. Notes the efforts by the Office of the High Commissioner to improve its humanitarian assistance response, and stresses the importance of tailored, innovative approaches, including cash-based interventions; 43. Also notes that the lack of civil registration and related documentation makes persons vulnerable to statelessness and associated protection risks, recognizes that birth registration provides an official record of a child’s legal identity and is Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees A/RES/74/130 7/9 19-22225 crucial to preventing and reducing statelessness, and welcomes efforts by States to ensure the birth registration of children; 44. Strongly reaffirms the fundamental importance and the purely humanitarian and non-political character of the function of the Office of the High Commissioner of providing international protection to refugees and seeking durable solutions to refugee situations, and recalls that those solutions include voluntary repatriation and, where appropriate and feasible, local integration and resettlement in a third country, while reaffirming that voluntary repatriation, supported, as necessary, by rehabilitation and development assistance to facilitate sustainable reintegration, remains the preferred solution; 45. Expresses concern about the particular difficulties faced by the millions of refugees in protracted situations, recognizes with deep concern that the average length of stay has continued to grow, and emphasizes the need to redouble international efforts and cooperation to find practical and comprehensive approaches to resolving their plight and to realize durable solutions for them, consistent with international law and relevant General Assembly resolutions; 46. Recognizes the importance of achieving durable solutions to refugee situations and, in particular, the need to address in this process the root causes of refugee movements; 47. Encourages further efforts by the Office of the High Commissioner, in cooperation with countries hosting refugees and countries of origin, including their respective local communities, relevant United Nations agencies, international and intergovernmental organizations, regional organizations, as appropriate, non-governmental organizations and development actors, to actively promote durable solutions, particularly in protracted refugee situations, with a focus on sustainable, timely, voluntary, safe and dignified return, which encompasses repatriation, reintegration, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities, and encourages States and other relevant actors to continue to support these efforts through, inter alia, the allocation of funds; 48. Recalls the purely humanitarian and non-political character of the Office of the High Commissioner, calls upon the international community and the Office to exert further efforts to promote and facilitate, whenever the prevailing circumstances are deemed appropriate, the safe, dignified and voluntary repatriation of refugees, through their free and informed choice, in a sustainable manner, to their countries of origin, and encourages the Office and, where appropriate, other United Nations agencies, to mobilize further resources in this regard; 49. Expresses concern about the current low level of voluntary repatriation, encourages the solution-oriented approach pursued by the Office of the High Commissioner to support the sustainability of voluntary repatriation and reintegration, including from the onset of displacement, and in this regard urges the Office to further strengthen partnerships with national Governments and development actors, as well as international financial institutions; 50. Recognizes, in the context of voluntary repatriation, the importance of resolute efforts in the country of origin, including rehabilitation and development assistance, to foster the voluntary, safe and dignified return and sustainable reintegration of refugees and to ensure the restoration of national protection; 51. Acknowledges with appreciation voluntary action taken by several host countries to enable permanent residence and naturalization for refugees and former refugees; A/RES/74/130 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 19-22225 8/9 52. Calls upon States, with the assistance of relevant stakeholders, to create expanded opportunities for resettlement as a durable solution, broaden the base of countries and actors engaged, and expand the scope and size and maximize the protection and quality of resettlement as an invaluable tool for burden- and responsibility-sharing, and acknowledges with appreciation the many countries that continue to offer enhanced resettlement opportunities and recognizes the need to improve the integration of resettled refugees, calls upon States to ensure inclusive and non-discriminatory policies in their resettlement programmes, and notes that resettlement is a strategic protection tool and solution for refugees, recalling in this regard the annual resettlement needs identified by the Office of the High Commissioner; 53. Also calls upon States to consider creating, expanding or facilitating access to complementary and sustainable pathways to protection and solutions for refugees, in cooperation with relevant partners, including the private sector, where appropriate, including through humanitarian admission or transfer, family reunification, skilled migration, labour mobility schemes, scholarships and education mobility schemes; 54. Notes with appreciation the activities undertaken by States to strengthen the regional initiatives that facilitate cooperative policies and approaches on refugees, and encourages States to continue their efforts to address, in a comprehensive manner, the needs of the people who require international protection in their respective regions, including the support provided for host communities that receive large numbers of persons who require international protection; 55. Notes the importance of States and the Office of the High Commissioner discussing and clarifying the role of the Office in mixed movements in order to better address protection needs of people in the context of mixed movements, bearing in mind the particular needs of vulnerable groups, especially women, children and persons with disabilities, including by safeguarding access to asylum for those in need of international protection, and also notes the readiness of the High Commissioner, consistent with his mandate, to assist States in fulfilling their protection responsibilities in this regard; 56. Emphasizes the obligation of all States to accept the return of their nationals, calls upon States to facilitate the return of their nationals who have been determined not to be in need of international protection, and affirms the need for the return of persons to be undertaken in a safe and humane manner and with full respect for their human rights and dignity, irrespective of the status of the persons concerned; 57. Calls upon States to process asylum applications by duly identifying those in need of international protection, in accordance with their applicable international and regional obligations, so as to strengthen the refugee protection regime; 58. Expresses concern about the challenges associated with climate change and environmental degradation to the operations of the Office of the High Commissioner and the assistance it provides to vulnerable populations of concern across the globe, particularly in the least developed countries, and urges the Office to continue to address such challenges in its work, within its mandate, and in consultation with national authorities and in cooperation with competent agencies in its operations; 59. Urges all States and relevant non-governmental and other organizations, in conjunction with the Office of the High Commissioner, in a spirit of international solidarity and burden- and responsibility-sharing, to cooperate and to mobilize resources, including through financial and in-kind assistance, as well as direct aid to host countries, refugee populations and the communities hosting them, with a view to enhancing their capacity and reducing the heavy burden borne by countries and communities hosting refugees, in particular those that have received large numbers of refugees and asylum seekers, and whose generosity is appreciated; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees A/RES/74/130 9/9 19-22225 60. Calls upon the Office of the High Commissioner to continue to play its catalytic role in mobilizing assistance from the international community to address the root causes as well as the economic, environmental, development, security and social impact of large-scale refugee populations in developing countries, in particular the least developed countries, and countries with economies in transition, and notes with appreciation those host countries, donor States, organizations and individuals that contribute to improving the condition of refugees through building the resilience of refugees and their host communities, while working towards a durable solution; 61. Acknowledges with appreciation the cooperation of the Office of the High Commissioner with development partners, noting the advantages of complementarity of funding sources to support refugees and host communities as requested by host Governments, and the importance of doing so in a manner that does not negatively impact or reduce support for broader development objectives in host countries and, where appropriate, countries of origin; 62. Expresses concern that the needs required to protect and assist persons of concern to the Office of the High Commissioner continue to increase and that the gap between global needs and available resources continues to grow, appreciates the continued and increasing hospitality of host countries and generosity of donors, and therefore calls upon the Office to continue and enhance efforts to broaden its donor base so as to achieve greater burden- and responsibility-sharing by reinforcing cooperation with governmental donors, non-governmental donors and the private sector; 63. Recognizes that adequate and timely resources are essential for the Office of the High Commissioner to continue to fulfil the mandate conferred upon it through its statute10 and by subsequent General Assembly resolutions on refugees and other persons of concern, recalls its resolution 58/153 of 22 December 2003 and subsequent resolutions on the Office of the High Commissioner concerning, inter alia, the implementation of paragraph 20 of the statute of the Office, and urges Governments and other donors to respond promptly to annual and supplementary appeals issued by the Office for requirements under its programmes; 64. Requests the High Commissioner to report on his annual activities to the General Assembly at its seventy-fifth session. 50th plenary meeting 18 December 2019 __________________ 10 Resolution 428 (V), annex.
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2019 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/74/394)] 74/132. Report of the Human Rights Council The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 60/251 of 15 March 2006, by which it established the Human Rights Council, and 65/281 of 17 June 2011 on the review of the Council, Recalling also its resolutions 62/219 of 22 December 2007, 63/160 of 18 December 2008, 64/143 of 18 December 2009, 65/195 of 21 December 2010, 66/136 of 19 December 2011, 67/151 of 20 December 2012, 68/144 of 18 December 2013, 69/155 of 18 December 2014, 70/136 of 17 December 2015, 71/174 of 19 December 2016, 72/153 of 19 December 2017 and 73/152 of 17 December 2018, Having considered the recommendations contained in the report of the Human Rights Council,1,2 Takes note of the report of the Human Rights Council,1 including the addendum thereto,2 and its recommendations. 50th plenary meeting 18 December 2019 __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fourth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/74/53). 2 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/74/53/Add.1).
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2019 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/74/399/Add.2)] 74/152. The right to development The General Assembly, Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, which expresses, in particular, the determination to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom and, to that end, to employ international mechanisms for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples, Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1 as well as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 2 and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 2 Recalling also the outcomes of all the major United Nations conferences and summits in the economic and social fields, Recalling further the Declaration on the Right to Development, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 41/128 of 4 December 1986, which confirmed that the right to development is an inalienable human right and that equality of opportunity for development is a prerogative both of nations and of individuals who make up nations, and that the individual is the central subject and beneficiary of development, Emphasizing the urgent need to make the right to development a reality for everyone, Stressing the importance of the World Conference on Human Rights, held in Vienna in 1993, and that the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 3 __________________ 1 Resolution 217 A (III). 2 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 3 A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III. A/RES/74/152 The right to development 19-22263 2/10 reaffirmed the right to development as a universal and inalienable right and an integral part of fundamental human rights and the individual as the central subject and beneficiary of development, Reaffirming the objective of making the right to development a reality for everyone, as set out in the United Nations Millennium Declaration, adopted by the General Assembly on 8 September 2000,4 Recognizing the importance of the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 5 reaffirming that the Declaration on the Right to Development informed the 2030 Agenda, along with other relevant international instruments, and underlining the fact that the Sustainable Development Goals can be realized only through a credible, effective and universal commitment to the means of implementation by all stakeholders, Recognizing also the successful conclusion of the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), held in Quito from 17 to 20 October 2016, that recognizes that the New Urban Agenda 6 is grounded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international human rights treaties, the Millennium Declaration and the 2005 World Summit Outcome7 and is informed by other instruments such as the Declaration on the Right to Development, Recalling the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, entitled “The future we want”,8 Reaffirming the universality, indivisibility, interrelatedness, interdependence and mutually reinforcing nature of all civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights, including the right to development, Recalling the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly known as the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples and its outcome document, 9 Deeply concerned that the majority of indigenous peoples in the world live in conditions of poverty, and recognizing the critical need to address the negative impact of poverty and inequity on indigenous peoples by ensuring their full and effective inclusion in development and poverty eradication programmes, Reaffirming that democracy, development and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing and that democracy is based on the freely expressed will of the people to determine their own political, economic, social and cultural systems and their full participation in all aspects of their lives, and in that context noting that the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels should be universal and conducted without conditions attached and that the international community should support the strengthening and promotion of democracy, development and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms in the entire world, Recognizing that inequality is a major obstacle to the realization of the right to development within and across countries, Taking note of the commitment declared by a number of specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system and other international __________________ 4 Resolution 55/2. 5 Resolution 70/1. 6 Resolution 71/256, annex. 7 Resolution 60/1. 8 Resolution 66/288, annex. 9 Resolution 69/2. The right to development A/RES/74/152 3/10 19-22263 organizations to make the right to development a reality for all, and in this regard urging all relevant bodies of the United Nations system and other international organizations to mainstream the right to development into their objectives, policies, programmes and operational activities, as well as into development and development- related processes, including the follow-up to the Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, Recalling the outcomes adopted at the Tenth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization, held in Nairobi from 15 to 19 December 2015, Calling for a successful, development-oriented outcome of the trade negotiations of the World Trade Organization, in particular on the remaining issues of the Doha Development Round, as a contribution to the creation of international conditions permitting the full realization of the right to development, Recalling the outcome of the fourteenth session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, held in Nairobi from 17 to 22 July 2016, on the theme “From decision to action: moving towards an inclusive and equitable global economic environment for trade and development”,10 Recalling also all its previous resolutions on the subject, the most recent of which was resolution 73/166 of 17 December 2018, as well as Human Rights Council resolutions and those of the Commission on Human Rights on the right to development, in particular Commission resolution 1998/72 of 22 April 1998 11 on the urgent need to make further progress towards the realization of the right to development, Recalling further Human Rights Council resolution 35/21 of 22 June 2017 on the contribution of development to the enjoyment of all human rights, 12 Recalling the Eighteenth Summit of Heads of State and Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held in Baku on 25 and 26 October 2019, and the previous summits and conferences at which the States members of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries stressed the need to operationalize the right to development as a priority, including through the elaboration of a convention on the right to development by the relevant machinery, taking into account the recommendations of relevant initiatives, Reiterating its continuing support for the New Partnership for Africa’s Development13 as a development framework for Africa, Deeply concerned about the negative impacts of the global economic and financial crises on the realization of the right to development, Recognizing that, while development facilitates the enjoyment of all human rights, the lack of development may not be invoked to justify the abridgement of internationally recognized human rights, Recognizing also that Member States should cooperate with one another in ensuring development and eliminating obstacles to development, that the international community should promote effective international cooperation, in particular to revitalize a global partnership for development, for the realization of the right to development and the elimination of obstacles to development and that lasting __________________ 10 See TD/519, TD/519/Add.1, TD/519/Add.2 and TD/519/Add.2/Corr.1. 11 See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1998, Supplement No. 3 (E/1998/23), chap. II, sect. A. 12 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/72/53), chap. V, sect. A. 13 A/57/304, annex. A/RES/74/152 The right to development 19-22263 4/10 progress towards the implementation of the right to development requires effective development policies at the national level, as well as equitable economic relations and a favourable economic environment at the international level, Recognizing further that poverty is an affront to human dignity, Recognizing that extreme poverty and hunger are among the greatest global threats and require the collective commitment of the international community for their eradication, pursuant to Millennium Development Goal 1 and Sustainable Development Goals 1 and 2, and therefore calling upon the international community, including the Human Rights Council, to contribute towards achieving that goal, Recognizing also that historical injustices, inter alia, have contributed to the poverty, underdevelopment, marginalization, social exclusion, economic disparity, instability and insecurity that affect many people in different parts of the world, in particular in developing countries, Recognizing further that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is one of the critical elements in the promotion and realization of the right to development and is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, which requires a multifaceted and integrated approach, and committed to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner, Emphasizing that all human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the right to development, are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated, Emphasizing also that the right to development is vital for the full realization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and should be central to its implementation, Encouraging relevant bodies of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates, including the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system, relevant international organizations, including the World Trade Organization, and relevant stakeholders, including civil society organizations, to give due consideration to the right to development in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and to cooperate with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the fulfilment of her mandate with regard to the implementation of the right to development, 1. Takes note of the consolidated report of the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights concerning the promotion and realization of the right to development;14 2. Acknowledges the need to strive for greater acceptance, operationalization and realization of the right to development at the international level while urging all States to undertake at the national level the necessary policy formulation and to institute the measures required for the implementation of the right to development as an integral part of all human rights and fundamental freedoms; 3. Emphasizes the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006 establishing the Human Rights Council, and in this regard calls upon the Council to implement the agreement to continue to act to ensure that its agenda promotes and advances sustainable development, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,5 which seeks to build on the Millennium Development Goals and complete what they did not achieve, and also in this regard to lead the raising of the right to development, as set out in paragraphs 5 and 10 of __________________ 14 A/HRC/42/29. The right to development A/RES/74/152 5/10 19-22263 the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,3 to the same level as and on a par with all other human rights and fundamental freedoms; 4. Supports the realization of the mandate of the Working Group on the Right to Development,15 and recognizes the need for renewed efforts with a view to overcoming the existing political impasse within the Working Group and to fulfil at the earliest its mandate as established by the Commission on Human Rights in its resolution 1998/7211 and the Human Rights Council in its resolution 4/4 of 30 March 2007;16 5. Stresses the importance of the core principles contained in the conclusions of the Working Group at its third session17 that are congruent with the purpose of international human rights instruments, such as equality, non-discrimination, accountability, participation and international cooperation, as critical to mainstreaming the right to development at the national and international levels, and underlines the importance of the principles of equity and transparency; 6. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Chair-Rapporteur of the Working Group on its twentieth session;18 7. Notes the presentation to the Working Group at its nineteenth session of the set of standards for the implementation of the right to development prepared by the Chair-Rapporteur, 19 which is a useful basis for further deliberations on the implementation and realization of the right to development; 8. Calls upon Member States to contribute to the efforts of the Working Group, including, inter alia, on the elaboration of a draft legally binding instrument on the right to development on the basis of the draft prepared by the Chair- Rapporteur, as decided by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 42/23 of 27 September 2019;20 9. Stresses that it is important that the Chair-Rapporteur and the Working Group, in the discharge of their mandates, take into account the need: (a) To promote the democratization of the system of international governance in order to increase the effective participation of developing countries in international decision-making; (b) To also promote effective partnerships such as the New Partnership for Africa’s Development13 and other similar initiatives with the developing countries, particularly the least developed countries, for the purpose of the realization of their right to development, including the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals; (c) To strive for greater acceptance, operationalization and realization of the right to development at the international level, while urging all States to undertake at the national level the necessary policy formulation and to institute the measures required for the implementation of the right to development as an integral part of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, and also while urging all States to expand and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation in ensuring development and eliminating obstacles to development in the context of promoting effective international __________________ 15 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/63/53/Add.1), chap. I. 16 Ibid., Sixty-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/62/53), chap. III, sect. A. 17 See E/CN.4/2002/28/Rev.1, sect. VIII.A. 18 A/HRC/42/35 and A/HRC/42/35/Corr.1. 19 A/HRC/WG.2/17/2. 20 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fourth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/74/53/Add.1), chap. III. A/RES/74/152 The right to development 19-22263 6/10 cooperation for the realization of the right to development, bearing in mind that lasting progress towards the implementation of the right to development requires effective development policies at the national level and a favourable economic environment at the international level; (d) To consider ways and means to continue to ensure the operationalization of the right to development as a priority; (e) To mainstream the right to development into the policies and operational activities of the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system, as well as in the policies and strategies of the international financial and multilateral trading systems, bearing in mind in this regard that the core principles of the international economic, commercial and financial spheres, such as equity, non-discrimination, transparency, accountability, participation and international cooperation, including effective partnerships for development, are indispensable in achieving the right to development and preventing discriminatory treatment arising from political or other non-economic considerations in addressing the issues of concern to the developing countries; 10. Encourages the Human Rights Council to continue to consider how to ensure follow-up to the work of the former Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on the right to development, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and the Commission on Human Rights and in compliance with decisions to be taken by the Council; 11. Takes note with appreciation of the decision of the Human Rights Council in its resolution 42/23 to establish a subsidiary expert mechanism to provide the Council with thematic expertise on the right to development in searching for, identifying and sharing best practices with Member States and to promote the implementation of the right to development worldwide; 12. Also takes note with appreciation of the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the right to development, 21 in which the Special Rapporteur explores the explicit link between the right to development and disaster risk reduction and its practical implications; 13. Stresses that South-South cooperation is not a substitute for, but rather a complement to, North-South cooperation and hence should not result in a reduction of North-South cooperation or hamper progress in fulfilling existing official development assistance commitments, and encourages Member States and other relevant stakeholders to incorporate the right to development into the design, financing and implementation of cooperation processes; 14. Urges Member States, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and other relevant specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system to provide the Special Rapporteur on the right to development with all the assistance and support necessary for the fulfilment of his mandate; 15. Reaffirms the commitment to implement the goals and targets set out in all the outcome documents of the major United Nations conferences and summits and their review processes, in particular those relating to the realization of the right to development, recognizing that the realization of the right to development is critical to achieving the objectives, goals and targets set out in those outcome documents; __________________ 21 A/74/163. The right to development A/RES/74/152 7/10 19-22263 16. Also reaffirms that the realization of the right to development is essential to the implementation of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, which regards all human rights as universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated, places the human person at the centre of development and recognizes that, while development facilitates the enjoyment of all human rights, a lack of development may not be invoked to justify the abridgement of internationally recognized human rights; 17. Further reaffirms that development contributes significantly to the enjoyment of all human rights by all, and calls upon all countries to realize people- centred development of the people, by the people and for the people; 18. Calls upon all States to spare no effort in promoting the right to development, in particular while implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, as it is conducive to the overall enjoyment of human rights; 19. Stresses that the primary responsibility for the promotion and protection of all human rights lies with the State, and reaffirms that States have the primary responsibility for their own economic and social development and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized; 20. Reaffirms the primary responsibility of States to create national and international conditions favourable to the realization of the right to development, as well as their commitment to cooperate with one another to that end; 21. Expresses concern about the increasing cases of human rights violations and abuses by some transnational corporations and other business enterprises, underlines the need to ensure that appropriate protection, justice and remedies are provided to the victims of human rights violations and abuses resulting from their activities, and underscores the fact that these entities must contribute to the means of implementation for the realization of the right to development; 22. Reaffirms the need for an international environment that is conducive to the realization of the right to development; 23. Emphasizes the critical importance of identifying and analysing obstacles impeding the full realization of the right to development at both the national and international levels; 24. Reaffirms that, while globalization offers both opportunities and challenges, the process of globalization remains deficient in achieving the objectives of integrating all countries into a globalized world, stresses the need for policies and measures at the national and global levels to respond to the challenges and opportunities of globalization if this process is to be made fully inclusive and equitable, and recognizes that globalization has brought disparities between and within countries and that issues such as trade and trade liberalization, the transfer of technology, infrastructure development and market access should be managed effectively in order to mitigate the challenges of poverty and underdevelopment and to make the right to development a reality for everyone; 25. Recognizes that, despite continuous efforts on the part of the international community, the gap between developed and developing countries remains unacceptably wide, that most of the developing countries continue to face difficulties in participating in the globalization process and that many risk being marginalized and effectively excluded from its benefits; 26. Expresses its deep concern, in this regard, about the negative impact on the realization of the right to development owing to the further aggravation of the economic and social situation, in particular of developing countries, as a result of the effects of international energy, food and financial crises, as well as the increasing challenges posed by global climate change and the loss of biodiversity, which have A/RES/74/152 The right to development 19-22263 8/10 increased vulnerabilities and inequalities and have adversely affected development gains, in particular in developing countries; 27. Encourages Member States to give particular consideration to the right to development in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and emphasizes that the 2030 Agenda promotes the respect for all human rights, including the right to development; 28. Recalls the commitment in the United Nations Millennium Declaration 4 of halving the number of people living in poverty by 2015, notes with concern that some developing countries have failed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, and in this regard invites Member States and the international community to take proactive measures aimed at creating a conducive environment to contribute to the effective implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in particular increasing international cooperation, including partnership and commitment, between developed and developing countries towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals; 29. Urges developed countries that have not yet done so to make concrete efforts towards meeting the targets of 0.7 per cent of their gross national product for official development assistance to developing countries and 0.15 to 0.2 per cent of their gross national product to the least developed countries, and encourages developing countries to build on the progress achieved in ensuring that official development assistance is used effectively to help to meet development goals and targets; 30. Recognizes the need to address market access for developing countries, including in the sectors of agriculture, services and non-agricultural products, in particular those of interest to developing countries; 31. Calls once again for the implementation of a desirable pace of meaningful trade liberalization, including in areas under negotiation in the World Trade Organization, the implementation of commitments on implementation-related issues and concerns, a review of special and differential treatment provisions, with a view to strengthening them and making them more precise, effective and operational, the avoidance of new forms of protectionism, and capacity-building and technical assistance for developing countries as important issues in making progress towards the effective implementation of the right to development; 32. Recognizes the important link between the international economic, commercial and financial spheres and the realization of the right to development, stresses in this regard the need for good governance and for broadening the base of decision-making at the international level on issues of development concern and the need to fill organizational gaps, as well as to strengthen the United Nations system and other multilateral institutions, and also stresses the need to broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries and countries with economies in transition in international economic decision-making and norm-setting; 33. Also recognizes that good governance and the rule of law at the national level assist all States in the promotion and protection of human rights, including the right to development, and agrees on the value of the ongoing efforts being made by States to identify and strengthen good governance practices, including transparent, responsible, accountable and participatory government, that are responsive and appropriate to their needs and aspirations, including in the context of agreed partnership approaches to development, capacity-building and technical assistance; 34. Further recognizes the important role and the rights of women and the application of a gender perspective as a cross-cutting issue in the process of realizing the right to development, and notes in particular the positive relationship between the The right to development A/RES/74/152 9/10 19-22263 education of women and their equal participation in the civil, cultural, economic, political and social activities of the community and the promotion of the right to development; 35. Stresses the need for the integration of the rights of children, girls and boys alike, in all policies and programmes and for ensuring the promotion and protection of those rights, especially in areas relating to health, education and the full development of their capacities; 36. Recalls the Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS: On the Fast Track to Accelerating the Fight against HIV and to Ending the AIDS Epidemic by 2030, adopted on 8 June 2016 at the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on HIV and AIDS,22 and underscores the importance of enhanced international cooperation to support the efforts of Member States to achieve health goals, including the target of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030, implement universal access to health-care services and address health challenges; 37. Also recalls the political declaration of the third high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases23 and the political declaration of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the fight against tuberculosis,24 both adopted on 10 October 2018, with their particular focus on development and other challenges and social and economic determinants and impacts, particularly for developing countries; 38. Welcomes the political declaration of the high-level meeting on universal health coverage entitled “Universal health coverage: moving together to build a healthier world”, as adopted in its resolution 74/2 of 10 October 2019, in which it was reaffirmed that health is a precondition for and an outcome and indicator of the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development and the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; 39. Recalls the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 25 which entered into force on 3 May 2008, and General Assembly resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, and, while recognizing persons with disabilities as agents and beneficiaries of development, stresses the need to take into consideration the rights of persons with disabilities and the importance of international cooperation in support of national efforts in the realization of the right to development; 40. Stresses its commitment to indigenous peoples in the process of the realization of the right to development, reaffirms the commitment to promote their rights in the areas of education, employment, vocational training and retraining, housing, sanitation, health and social security, in accordance with recognized international human rights obligations and taking into account, as appropriate, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 61/295 of 13 September 2007, and in this regard recalls the high-level plenary meeting of the General Assembly known as the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples, held in 2014; 41. Recognizes the need for strong partnerships with civil society organizations and the private sector in pursuit of poverty eradication and development, as well as for corporate social responsibility; __________________ 22 Resolution 70/266, annex. 23 Resolution 73/2. 24 Resolution 73/3. 25 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910. A/RES/74/152 The right to development 19-22263 10/10 42. Emphasizes the urgent need to take concrete and effective measures to prevent, combat and criminalize all forms of corruption at all levels, to prevent, detect and deter in a more effective manner international transfers of illicitly acquired assets and to strengthen international cooperation in asset recovery, consistent with the principles of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, 26 particularly chapter V thereof, stresses the importance of a genuine political commitment on the part of all Governments through a firm legal framework, and in this context urges States to sign and ratify the Convention as soon as possible and States parties to implement it effectively; 43. Also emphasizes the need to strengthen further the activities of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in the promotion and realization of the right to development, including by ensuring the effective use of the financial and human resources necessary to fulfil its mandate, and calls upon the Secretary-General to provide the Office with the necessary resources; 44. Reaffirms the request to the High Commissioner, in mainstreaming the right to development, to effectively undertake activities aimed at strengthening the global partnership for development among Member States, development agencies and the international development, financial and trade institutions and to reflect those activities in detail in her next report to the Human Rights Council; 45. Calls upon the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system to mainstream the right to development into their operational programmes and objectives, and stresses the need for the international financial and multilateral trading systems to mainstream the right to development into their policies and objectives; 46. Requests the Secretary-General to bring the present resolution to the attention of Member States, United Nations organs and bodies, the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system, international development and financial institutions, in particular the Bretton Woods institutions, and non-governmental organizations; 47. Encourages relevant bodies of the United Nations system, within their respective mandates, including the specialized agencies, funds and programmes of the United Nations system, relevant international organizations, including the World Trade Organization, and relevant stakeholders, including civil society organizations, to give due consideration to the right to development in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to contribute further to the work of the Working Group on the Right to Development and the Special Rapporteur on the right to development and to cooperate with the High Commissioner in the fulfilment of her mandate with regard to the implementation of the right to development; 48. Requests the Secretary-General to submit a report to the General Assembly at its seventy-fifth session and an interim report to the Human Rights Council on the implementation of the present resolution, including efforts undertaken at the national, regional and international levels in the promotion and realization of the right to development, and invites the Chair-Rapporteur of the Working Group and the Special Rapporteur to present an oral report and to engage in an interactive dialogue with the Assembly at its seventy-fifth session. 50th plenary meeting 18 December 2019 __________________ 26 Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146.
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A/RES/74/167
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2019 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/74/399/Add.3)] 74/167. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran The General Assembly, Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, as well as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1 the International Covenants on Human Rights2 and other international human rights instruments, Recalling its previous resolutions on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the most recent of which is resolution 73/181 of 17 December 2018, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to resolution 73/1813 and the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 4 submitted pursuant to Council resolution 40/18 of 22 March 2019;5 2. Recalls the pledges made by the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran with regard to improving the human rights situation in the country; 3. Notes the significant decline in the number of executions in 2018, notably due to the reduction in the number of executions for drug-related offences, following amendments to the Anti-Narcotics Law, passed in October 2017; 4. Welcomes the approval in May 2018 by the Parliament of the Islamic Republic of Iran of the Law for the Protection of the Rights of Persons with __________________ 1 Resolution 217 A (III). 2 Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 3 A/74/273. 4 A/74/188. 5 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fourth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/74/53), chap. IV, sect. A. A/RES/74/167 Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran 19-22299 2/6 Disabilities and subsequent discussions regarding its implementation, and urges the authorities to work together with civil society to ensure that sufficient State funds are allocated for its implementation and monitoring; 5. Also welcomes the continuing efforts of the Islamic Republic of Iran to host a large number of Afghans, including approximately 1 million registered refugees, and to provide them with access to basic services, in particular health care and education for children; 6. Further welcomes the commitments made by the Iranian authorities with regard to improving the situation of women, and notes the ongoing discussions regarding the comprehensive bill on ensuring the protection of women against violence and the ratification of the amendment to the Nationality Law, which gives Iranian women married to men with foreign nationality the right to request Iranian citizenship for their children under the age of 18 years; 7. Welcomes the engagement of the Islamic Republic of Iran with human rights treaty bodies, including through the submission of periodic reports, and notes in particular the engagement of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its participation in the universal periodic review; 8. Also welcomes the ongoing contact with and dialogue between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as the invitations extended to other special procedure mandate holders; 9. Further welcomes the expressed readiness of the Iranian High Council for Human Rights and other Iranian officials to engage in bilateral dialogues on human rights, and calls upon them to increase such dialogues or resume those that have been paused; 10. Expresses serious concern, notwithstanding the previously noted reduction in the number of executions, notably for drug-related crimes, at the alarmingly high frequency of the imposition and carrying-out of the death penalty by the Islamic Republic of Iran, in violation of its international obligations, including executions undertaken against persons on the basis of forced confessions or for crimes that do not qualify as the most serious crimes, including crimes that are overly broad or vaguely defined, in violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,2 expresses concern at the continuing disregard for internationally recognized safeguards, including executions undertaken without notification of the prisoner’s family members or legal counsel, and calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to abolish, in law and in practice, public executions, which are contrary to the 2008 directive seeking to end this practice issued by the former head of the judiciary; 11. Also expresses serious concern at the continued imposition of the death penalty by the Islamic Republic of Iran against minors, and urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to cease the imposition of the death penalty against minors, including persons who at the time of their offence were under the age of 18, in violation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 6 and to commute the sentences for child offenders on death row; 12. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to ensure, in law and in practice, that no one is subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, which may include sexual violence, and punishments that are grossly __________________ 6 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran A/RES/74/167 3/6 19-22299 disproportionate to the nature of the offence, in conformity with amendments to the Penal Code, the constitutional guarantees of the Islamic Republic of Iran and international obligations and standards, including but not limited to the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules);7 13. Urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to cease the widespread and systematic use of arbitrary arrests and detention, including the use of this practice to target dual and foreign nationals, to release those who have been arbitrarily detained and to uphold, in law and in practice, procedural guarantees to ensure fair trial standards, including timely access to legal representation of one’s choice from the time of arrest through all stages of trial and all appeals, the right not to be subjected to torture, cruel and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and consideration of bail and other reasonable terms for release from custody pending trial, and calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to ensure that it meets its obligations under article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 8 in relation to communication with and access to nationals of sending States who are in prison, custody or detention; 14. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to release persons detained for the exercise of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, including those who have been detained solely for taking part in peaceful protests, to consider rescinding unduly harsh sentences, including those involving the death penalty and long-term internal exile, and to end reprisals against individuals, including for cooperating or attempting to cooperate with the United Nations human rights mechanisms; 15. Also calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to address the poor conditions of prisons, to end the practice of deliberately denying prisoners access to adequate medical treatment, which creates a consequent risk of death, and to put an end to the continued and sustained house arrest of leading opposition figures from the 2009 presidential elections despite serious concerns about their health, as well as the pressure exerted upon their relatives and dependants, including through arrest, and calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to establish credible and independent prison oversight authorities to investigate complaints of abuse; 16. Further calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the judicial and security branches, to create and maintain, in law and in practice, a safe and enabling environment in which an independent, diverse and pluralistic civil society can operate free from hindrance and insecurity, and urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to end widespread and serious restrictions, in law and in practice, on the right to freedom of expression and opinion, including in digital contexts, and the rights to freedom of association and peaceful assembly, and to end its harassment, intimidation and persecution of political opponents, human rights defenders, women’s and minority rights defenders, labour and trade union activists, students’ rights defenders, environmentalists, academics, film-makers, journalists, bloggers, social media users and social media page administrators, media workers, religious leaders, artists, lawyers, including human rights lawyers, and their families and persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities and their families, wherever it may occur; 17. Strongly urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination and other human rights violations against women and girls, to take measures to ensure protection for women and girls against violence and their equal protection and access to justice, to address the concerning incidence of child, early and forced marriage, as recommended by the Committee on the Rights __________________ 7 Resolution 70/175, annex. 8 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 596, No. 8638. A/RES/74/167 Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran 19-22299 4/6 of the Child, to promote, support and enable women’s participation in political and other decision-making processes, and, while recognizing the high enrolment of women in all levels of education in the Islamic Republic of Iran, to lift restrictions on women’s equal access to all aspects of education and women’s equal participation in the labour market and in all aspects of economic, cultural, social and political life, including participation in and attendance at sporting events; 18. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to release women human rights defenders imprisoned for exercising their rights, including the rights to freedom of association and peaceful assembly and the right to freedom of expression and opinion, and to take appropriate, robust and practical steps to protect women human rights defenders and guarantee their full enjoyment of all their human rights; 19. Also calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination and other human rights violations against persons belonging to ethnic, linguistic or other minorities, including but not limited to Arabs, Azeris, Balochis, Kurds and Turkmen, and their defenders; 20. Expresses serious concern about ongoing severe limitations and increasing restrictions on the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief, restrictions on the establishment of places of worship, undue restrictions on burials carried out in accordance with religious tenets, attacks against places of worship and burial and other human rights violations, including but not limited to harassment, intimidation, persecution, arbitrary arrests and detention, and incitement to hatred that leads to violence against persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities, including Christians, Gonabadi Dervishes, Jews, Sufi Muslims, Sunni Muslims, Yarsanis, Zoroastrians and members of the Baha’i faith and their defenders in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to cease monitoring individuals on account of their religious identity, to release all religious practitioners imprisoned for their membership in or activities on behalf of a recognized or unrecognized minority religious group and to ensure that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, including the freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of their choice, in accordance with its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; 21. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination on the basis of thought, conscience, religion or belief, including economic restrictions, such as the closure or confiscation of businesses and properties, the cancellation of licences and the denial of employment in certain public and private sectors, including government or military positions and elected office, the denial of and restrictions on access to education, and other human rights violations against persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities, and to end impunity for those who commit crimes against persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities; 22. Also calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to launch a comprehensive accountability process in response to all cases of serious human rights violations, including allegations of excessive use of force against peaceful protesters and cases of suspicious deaths in custody, as well as violations involving the Iranian judiciary and security agencies, and calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to end impunity for such violations; 23. Further calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to implement its obligations under those human rights treaties to which it is already a party, to withdraw any reservations that are imprecise or could be considered incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty, to act upon the concluding observations concerning the Islamic Republic of Iran adopted by the bodies of the international Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran A/RES/74/167 5/6 19-22299 human rights treaties to which it is a party and to consider ratifying or acceding to the international human rights treaties to which it is not already a party; 24. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to deepen its engagement with international human rights mechanisms by: (a) Cooperating fully with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, including by accepting the repeated requests made by the Special Rapporteur to visit the country in order to carry out the mandate; (b) Increasing cooperation with other special mechanisms, including by facilitating long-standing requests for access to the country from thematic special procedure mandate holders, whose access to its territory has been restricted or denied, despite the standing invitation issued by the Islamic Republic of Iran, without imposing undue conditions upon those visits; (c) Continuing to enhance its cooperation with the treaty bodies, including by submitting overdue reports under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination9 and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights;2 (d) Implementing all accepted universal periodic review recommendations from its first cycle, in 2010, its second cycle, in 2014, and its third cycle, in 2019, with the full and genuine participation of independent civil society and other stakeholders in the implementation process; (e) Building upon the engagement of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the universal periodic review process by continuing to explore cooperation on human rights and justice reform with the United Nations, including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; (f) Following through on its commitment to establish an independent national human rights institution, made in the context of both its first and its second universal periodic reviews by the Human Rights Council, with due regard for the recommendation of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; 25. Also calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to continue to translate the pledges made by the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran with respect to human rights concerns into concrete action that results in demonstrable improvements as soon as possible and to ensure that its national laws are consistent with its obligations under international human rights law and that they are implemented in accordance with its international obligations; 26. Further calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to address the substantive concerns highlighted in the reports of the Secretary-General and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as the specific calls to action found in previous resolutions of the General Assembly, and to respect fully its human rights obligations in law and in practice; 27. Strongly encourages the relevant thematic special procedure mandate holders to pay particular attention to, with a view to investigating and reporting on, the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran; 28. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-fifth session on the progress made in the implementation of the present resolution, including options and recommendations to improve its implementation, and to submit an interim report to the Human Rights Council at its forty-third session; __________________ 9 Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464. A/RES/74/167 Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran 19-22299 6/6 29. Decides to continue its examination of the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran at its seventy-fifth session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.
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A/RES/74/208
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2019 [on the report of the Second Committee (A/74/381)] 74/208. Oil slick on Lebanese shores The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 61/194 of 20 December 2006, 62/188 of 19 December 2007, 63/211 of 19 December 2008, 64/195 of 21 December 2009, 65/147 of 20 December 2010, 66/192 of 22 December 2011, 67/201 of 21 December 2012, 68/206 of 20 December 2013, 69/212 of 19 December 2014, 70/194 of 22 December 2015, 71/218 of 21 December 2016, 72/209 of 20 December 2017 and 73/224 of 20 December 2018 on the oil slick on Lebanese shores, Reaffirming the outcome of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, especially principle 7 of the Declaration of the Conference, 1 in which States were requested to take all possible steps to prevent pollution of the seas, Emphasizing the need to protect and preserve the marine environment in accordance with international law, Taking into account the 1992 Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,2 especially principle 16, in which it was stipulated that the polluter should, in principle, bear the cost of pollution, and taking into account also chapter 17 of Agenda 21,3 Noting with great concern the environmental disaster caused by the destruction by the Israeli Air Force on 15 July 2006 of the oil storage tanks in the direct vicinity of the Jiyah electric power plant in Lebanon, resulting in an oil slick that covered the entirety of the Lebanese coastline, extended to the Syrian coastline and hindered __________________ 1 See Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, 5–16 June 1972 (A/CONF.48/14/Rev.1), part one, chap. I. 2 Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3−14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I. 3 Ibid., annex II. A/RES/74/208 Oil slick on Lebanese shores 19-22421 2/3 efforts to achieve sustainable development, as already highlighted by the General Assembly in its resolutions 61/194, 62/188, 63/211, 64/195, 65/147, 66/192, 67/201, 68/206, 69/212, 70/194, 71/218, 72/209 and 73/224, Noting that the Secretary-General expressed grave concern at the lack of any acknowledgement on the part of the Government of Israel of its responsibilities vis- à-vis reparations and compensation to the Government and people of Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic affected by the oil spill, Recalling that, in paragraph 5 of its resolution 73/224, it reiterated its request to the Government of Israel to assume responsibility for prompt and adequate compensation to the Government of Lebanon and other countries directly affected by the oil slick, such as the Syrian Arab Republic, whose shores have been partially polluted, and recognizing the conclusion of the Secretary-General that this request of the General Assembly has yet to be implemented, Acknowledging that the Secretary-General concluded that this oil spill is not covered by any of the international oil spill compensation funds and thus merits special consideration, and recognizing that further consideration needs to be given to the option of securing the relevant compensation from the Government of Israel, Acknowledging also the conclusions on measuring and quantifying the environmental damage set out in the report of the Secretary-General,4 Noting again with appreciation the assistance offered by donor countries and international organizations for the clean-up operations and the early recovery and reconstruction of Lebanon through bilateral and multilateral channels, including the Athens Coordination Meeting on the response to the marine pollution incident in the Eastern Mediterranean, held on 17 August 2006, as well as the Stockholm Conference for Lebanon’s Early Recovery, held on 31 August 2006, Acknowledging that the Secretary-General has welcomed the agreement of the Lebanon Recovery Fund to host the Eastern Mediterranean oil spill restoration trust fund, under its existing mechanism, and expressing concern that to date no contributions have been made to the trust fund, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;4 2. Reiterates, for the fourteenth consecutive year, its deep concern about the adverse implications of the destruction by the Israeli Air Force of the oil storage tanks in the direct vicinity of the Lebanese Jiyah electric power plant for the achievement of sustainable development in Lebanon; 3. Considers that the oil slick has heavily polluted the shores of Lebanon and partially polluted Syrian shores and consequently has had serious implications for livelihoods and the economy of Lebanon, owing to the adverse implications for natural resources, biodiversity, fisheries and tourism, and for human health in the country; 4. Acknowledges the conclusions in the report of the Secretary-General, in which he stated that studies show that the value of the damage to Lebanon amounted to 856.4 million United States dollars in 2014, and requests the Secretary-General to urge United Nations bodies and agencies and other relevant organizations involved in the initial assessment of the relevant environmental damage to undertake, within existing resources, a further study, building on, inter alia, the initial work of the World Bank presented in the report of the Secretary-General submitted to the General __________________ 4 A/74/225. Oil slick on Lebanese shores A/RES/74/208 3/3 19-22421 Assembly at its sixty-second session,5 with a view to measuring and quantifying the environmental damage sustained by neighbouring countries; 5. Reiterates its request in this regard to the Government of Israel to assume responsibility for prompt and adequate compensation to the Government of Lebanon for the aforementioned damage and to other countries directly affected by the oil slick, such as the Syrian Arab Republic, whose shores have been partially polluted, for the costs of repairing the environmental damage caused by the destruction, including the restoration of the marine environment, in particular in the light of the conclusion contained in the report of the Secretary-General that there remains grave concern at the lack of implementation of the relevant provisions of the resolutions of the General Assembly on the subject vis-à-vis reparations and compensation to the Government and people of Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic affected by the oil spill; 6. Reiterates its appreciation for the efforts of the Government of Lebanon and those of Member States, regional and international organizations, regional and international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and the private sector in the initiation of clean-up and rehabilitation operations on the polluted shores, and encourages Member States and the above-mentioned entities to continue their financial and technical support to the Government of Lebanon towards achieving the completion of clean-up and rehabilitation operations, with the aim of preserving the ecosystem of Lebanon and that of the Eastern Mediterranean basin; 7. Welcomes the agreement of the Lebanon Recovery Fund to host the Eastern Mediterranean oil spill restoration trust fund, based on voluntary contributions, to provide assistance and support to the States directly and adversely affected in their integrated environmentally sound management, from clean-up to safe disposal of oily waste, of this environmental disaster resulting from the destruction of the oil storage tanks at the Jiyah electric power plant; 8. Notes that in his report the Secretary-General urged Member States, international organizations, international and regional financial institutions, non-governmental organizations and the private sector to intensify their support for Lebanon in this matter, particularly for recovery and rehabilitation activities on the Lebanese coast, reiterates its invitation to States and the international donor community to make voluntary financial contributions to the trust fund, and in this regard requests the Secretary-General to mobilize international technical and financial assistance in order to ensure that the trust fund has sufficient and adequate resources; 9. Recognizes the multidimensionality of the adverse impact of the oil slick, and requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy- fifth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution under the item entitled “Sustainable development”. 52nd plenary meeting 19 December 2019 __________________ 5 A/62/343.
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A/RES/74/224
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2019 [on the report of the Second Committee (A/74/381/Add.9)] 74/224. Harmony with Nature The General Assembly, Reaffirming the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,1 Agenda 21,2 the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21, 3 the Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development4 and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg Plan of Implementation), 5 Recalling its resolutions 64/196 of 21 December 2009, 65/164 of 20 December 2010, 66/204 of 22 December 2011, 67/214 of 21 December 2012, 68/216 of 20 December 2013, 69/224 of 19 December 2014, 70/208 of 22 December 2015, 71/232 of 21 December 2016, 72/223 of 20 December 2017 and 73/235 of 20 December 2018 on Harmony with Nature, Recalling also its resolution 63/278 of 22 April 2009, by which it designated 22 April as International Mother Earth Day, commemorating 10 years since its adoption and recognizing its importance, Recalling further the 1982 World Charter for Nature,6 __________________ 1 Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I. 2 Ibid., annex II. 3 Resolution S-19/2, annex. 4 Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 1, annex. 5 Ibid., resolution 2, annex. 6 Resolution 37/7, annex. A/RES/74/224 Harmony with Nature 19-22493 2/6 Noting the Peoples’ World Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth, hosted by the Plurinational State of Bolivia in Cochabamba from 20 to 22 April 2010,7 Recognizing that planet Earth and its ecosystems are our home and that “Mother Earth” is a common expression in a number of countries and regions, noting that some countries recognize the rights of nature or Mother Earth in the context of the promotion of sustainable development, and expressing the conviction that, in order to achieve a just balance among the economic, social and environmental needs of present and future generations, it is necessary to promote harmony with nature, Recalling the outcome document of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, entitled “The future we want”,8 Reaffirming its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in which it adopted a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Sustainable Development Goals and targets, its commitment to working tirelessly for the full implementation of the Agenda by 2030, its recognition that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, its commitment to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner, and to building upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to address their unfinished business, Reaffirming also its resolution 69/313 of 27 July 2015 on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supports and complements it, helps to contextualize its means of implementation targets with concrete policies and actions, and reaffirms the strong political commitment to address the challenge of financing and creating an enabling environment at all levels for sustainable development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity, Reaffirming further the New Urban Agenda, adopted at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), held in Quito, Ecuador, from 17 to 20 October 2016,9 and recognizing that its implementation can contribute to achieving environmental sustainability by protecting ecosystems and biodiversity, including by adopting healthy lifestyles in harmony with nature, Reaffirming the Paris Agreement, 10 and encouraging all its parties to fully implement the Agreement, and parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 11 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible, Noting the importance of nature-based solutions in aiming to achieve goals relating to climate change mitigation and adaptation, Noting with appreciation the interactive dialogue on Harmony with Nature convened by the President of the General Assembly under the overall theme “Mother Earth approach” in the implementation of education and climate action in harmony __________________ 7 See A/64/777, annexes I and II. 8 Resolution 66/288, annex. 9 Resolution 71/256, annex. 10 Adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21. 11 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822. Harmony with Nature A/RES/74/224 3/6 19-22493 with nature, held on 22 April 2019, in commemoration of International Mother Earth Day and to inspire citizens and societies to reconsider how they interact with the natural world in order to implement the Sustainable Development Goals in harmony with nature, and noting that some countries recognize the rights of nature in the context of the promotion of sustainable development, Recognizing that a number of countries consider Mother Earth the source of all life and nourishment and that these countries consider Mother Earth and humankind to be a living community of interrelated and interdependent beings, Recalling the interactive dialogue on living in harmony with nature held on the occasion of the thirteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, held in Cancún, Mexico, from 4 to 17 December 2016, Noting the importance of ensuring the integrity of all ecosystems, including oceans, and the protection of biodiversity, recognized by some cultures as Mother Earth, and noting also the importance for some of the concept of “climate justice”, when taking action to address climate change, Noting also that, in promoting a holistic approach to achieving sustainable development in harmony with nature, Earth system science plays a significant role, Expressing concern about documented environmental degradation, more frequent and intense natural disasters and the negative impact on nature resulting from human activity, and recognizing the need to strengthen scientific knowledge on the effects of human activities on ecosystems, with the aim of promoting and ensuring an equitable, balanced and sustainable relationship with the Earth, Recognizing the uneven availability of basic statistical data under the three dimensions of sustainable development and the need to improve their quality and quantity, Reaffirming that fundamental changes in the way societies produce and consume are indispensable for achieving global sustainable development and that all countries should promote sustainable consumption and production patterns, with the developed countries taking the lead and with all countries benefiting from the process, taking into account the Rio principles, Noting that in recent years there have been many initiatives on sustainable development governance, including policy documents on living well in harmony with nature, Noting also the adoption and the opening for signature, at United Nations Headquarters, of the Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean, known as the Escazú Agreement, the first binding agreement of its kind, and encouraging its early entry into force as a contribution to sustainable development, Recognizing that many ancient civilizations, indigenous peoples and indigenous cultures have a rich history of understanding the symbiotic connection between human beings and nature that fosters a mutually beneficial relationship, Recognizing also that the traditional knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous peoples and local communities can support social well-being and sustainable livelihoods and therefore contribute to global efforts and initiatives such as the Sustainable Development Goals, Noting that some countries are discussing the possibility of considering a declaration on the protection of nature, based on their legislation, policy and educational perspectives, A/RES/74/224 Harmony with Nature 19-22493 4/6 Noting also that, in a number of countries, both formal and informal educational activities on the rights of Nature or Mother Earth have arisen in the professional and public spheres in the context of the promotion of sustainable development, and encouraging a holistic approach to education and public awareness for sustainable development in its three dimensions, Recognizing the work undertaken by civil society, academia, scientists, local communities and indigenous peoples with regard to signalling the precariousness of life on Earth, as well as their efforts, along with those of Governments and private sector organizations, to devise more sustainable models and methods for production and consumption, Noting the work of the experts of the Harmony with Nature Knowledge Network, who are collaborating on important activities in order to support the United Nations with the goal of ensuring that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature, as set out in target 12.8 of the Sustainable Development Goals, Considering that sustainable development is a holistic concept that requires the strengthening of interdisciplinary linkages in the different branches of knowledge, Reiterating the pledge that no one will be left behind, reaffirming the recognition that the dignity of the human person is fundamental, and the wish to see the Goals and targets met for all nations and peoples and for all segments of society, and recommitting to endeavour to reach the furthest behind first, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on Harmony with Nature;12 2. Invites Member States to consider existing studies and, as appropriate, the findings and recommendations of the reports of the Secretary-General on Harmony with Nature, 13 of the experts’ summary report of the first virtual dialogue of the General Assembly on Harmony with Nature, addressing Earth jurisprudence, 14 and of the interactive dialogues of the Assembly on Harmony with Nature in the promotion of the balanced integration of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development through harmony with nature; 3. Requests the President of the General Assembly to convene, at the seventy- fourth session of the Assembly, an interactive dialogue, to be held at the plenary meetings to be convened during the commemoration of International Mother Earth Day on 22 April 2020, with the participation of Member States, the United Nations system, independent experts and other relevant stakeholders, to discuss and compare regional, national and local initiatives over the past decade, including actions and transformations in law, policy and education on Earth jurisprudence, where applicable, as well as to discuss the relationship between harmony with nature and the protection of biological diversity, and to inspire citizens and societies to reconsider how they interact with the natural world in the context of sustainable development; 4. Encourages the experts of the Harmony with Nature Knowledge Network to carry out a study of the evolution over the past decade of regional, local and national initiatives on the protection of Mother Earth, as applicable, to be considered by the Secretary-General in his report on the implementation of the present resolution; __________________ 12 A/74/236. 13 A/65/314, A/66/302, A/67/317, A/68/325, A/68/325/Corr.1, A/69/322, A/70/268, A/72/175, A/73/221 and A/74/236. 14 See A/71/266. Harmony with Nature A/RES/74/224 5/6 19-22493 5. Decides to continue to observe International Mother Earth Day annually on 22 April, requests the Secretary-General to provide continuing support, and encourages Member States to observe the International Day at the national level; 6. Takes note with appreciation of the agreement between the Government of the Plurinational State of Bolivia and the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat,15 invites Member States to contribute to the earmarked activities related to Harmony with Nature under the trust fund of the high-level political forum on sustainable development, aiming, inter alia, at the participation of independent experts in the interactive dialogues of the General Assembly on Harmony with Nature, and invites relevant stakeholders to contribute to the earmarked activities related to Harmony with Nature; 7. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to use the website on Harmony with Nature, managed by the Division for Sustainable Development Goals of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, to gather information and contributions on ideas and activities to promote a holistic approach to sustainable development in harmony with nature and to advance the integration of interdisciplinary scientific work, including success stories on the use of traditional knowledge and on existing national legislation; 8. Calls for holistic and integrated approaches to sustainable development, in its three dimensions, that will guide humanity to live in harmony with nature and lead to efforts to restore the health and integrity of the Earth’s ecosystems; 9. Invites States, as appropriate: (a) To further build up a knowledge network in order to advance a holistic conceptualization of sustainable development in its three dimensions to identify different approaches that reflect the drivers and values of and actions aimed at living in harmony with nature, relying on current scientific information to achieve sustainable development, and to facilitate support for and recognition of the fundamental interconnections between humankind and nature; (b) To promote harmony with nature, exemplified by indigenous peoples, among others, to learn from their cultures the protection of nature, and to support and promote efforts being made at the local, national, regional and global levels, taking into account, inter alia, the best practices and advances made in the establishment of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform; 10. Recognizes that protecting and conserving ecosystems and avoiding harmful practices against animals, plants, microorganisms and non-living environments contributes to the coexistence of humankind in harmony with nature, and invites the Secretary-General to address these issues in his report on the implementation of the present resolution; 11. Encourages all countries to develop and strengthen the quality and quantity of basic national statistical data on the three dimensions of sustainable development, and invites the international community and the pertinent bodies of the United Nations system to support the efforts of developing countries by providing capacity-building and technical assistance; 12. Recognizes the need for broader and multidimensional measures of sustainable development, to complement gross domestic product in order to better inform policy decisions, and in this regard notes the ongoing work of the Statistical __________________ 15 Available at www.harmonywithnatureun.org/trustFund. A/RES/74/224 Harmony with Nature 19-22493 6/6 Commission on a work programme to develop broader measures of progress and to conduct a technical review of existing efforts in this area;16 13. Reaffirms the commitment at the very heart of the 2030 Agenda to leave no one behind and commit to taking more tangible steps to support people in vulnerable situations and the most vulnerable countries and to reach the furthest behind first; 14. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-fifth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution, and decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fifth session, under the item entitled “Sustainable development”, the sub-item entitled “Harmony with Nature”. 52nd plenary meeting 19 December 2019 __________________ 16 Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2013, Supplement No. 4 (E/2013/24), chap. I, sect. C, decision 44/114.
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A/RES/74/246
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 December 2019 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/74/399/Add.3)] 74/246. Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar The General Assembly, Guided by the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1 the International Covenants on Human Rights 2 and other relevant international law and human rights law instruments, Reaffirming its previous resolutions on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, the most recent of which being resolutions 73/264 of 22 December 2018 and 72/248 of 24 December 2017, and recalling the resolutions and decisions of the Human Rights Council, the most recent of which being resolutions 42/3 of 26 September 2019, 3 39/2 of 27 September 2018, 4 37/32 of 23 March 2018 5 and S-27/1 of 5 December 2017,6 and the presidential statement issued by the Security Council on 6 November 2017,7 as well as Security Council resolution 2467 (2019) of 23 April 2019, Welcoming the work and the reports of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, while deeply regretting the decision of the Government __________________ 1 Resolution 217 A (III). 2 Resolution 2200 A (XXI). 3 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fourth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/74/53/Add.1), chap. II. 4 Ibid., Seventy-third Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/73/53/Add.1), chap. II. 5 Ibid., Supplement No. 53 (A/73/53), chap. IV, sect. A. 6 Ibid., chap. III. 7 S/PRST/2017/22. A/RES/74/246 Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar 19-22672 2/8 of Myanmar to discontinue cooperation with the Special Rapporteur and to deny her access to the country since January 2018, Welcoming also the work of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar, and encouraging her further engagement and dialogue with the Government of Myanmar and other relevant stakeholders and affected populations, Welcoming further the first report to the General Assembly of the ongoing independent mechanism established by the Human Rights Council in its resolution 39/2,8 and its operationalization, as well as the appointment of its head, Welcoming the work of the independent international fact-finding mission on Myanmar, including its final report9 and all its other reports, including the reports on the economic interests of the Myanmar military and on sexual and gender-based violence in Myanmar and the gendered impact of its ethnic conflicts, and furthermore deeply regretting that the Government of Myanmar did not cooperate with the fact- finding mission, Recognizing the complementary and mutually reinforcing work of the various United Nations mandate holders and mechanisms working on Myanmar to improve the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Noting the importance of the role of regional organizations in efforts to achieve pacific settlement of local disputes, as stipulated in Chapter VIII of the Charter, while noting that such efforts do not preclude action under Chapter VI of the Charter, Acknowledging the efforts of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, alongside relevant international efforts, aimed at bringing peace and stability to Rakhine State, including through the appointment by the Organization of a new special envoy to Myanmar, Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General,10 Condemning all violations and abuses of human rights in Myanmar, including against Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Rakhine, Kachin and Shan States, and expressing deep concern at the reports of ongoing human rights violations, as also noted by the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in her oral update on 10 July 2019, as well as at the ongoing non-cooperation of the Government of Myanmar and the denial of access to United Nations mechanisms, including the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar and the Independent Mechanism, Continuing to underline the need for the security and armed forces of Myanmar to cease all actions that run counter to the protection of all persons within the country, including those belonging to the Rohingya community, by respecting international law, including international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and ending the violence, including sexual violence, and calling for urgent steps to ensure justice in respect of all human rights violations and violations of international humanitarian law so that those displaced by violence are able to voluntarily return in safety and dignity to their places of origin or to a place of their choice in a sustainable manner, Calling for an immediate cessation of fighting and hostilities, of targeting of civilians and of all violations and abuses of international human rights law and international humanitarian law in northern Myanmar, and recognizing the need for __________________ 8 See A/74/278. 9 A/HRC/42/50. 10 A/74/311. Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar A/RES/74/246 3/8 19-22672 continued de-escalation and an enduring ceasefire, best achieved by dialogue between all parties, as a necessary means of improving the human rights situation, Reiterating its grave concern that, in spite of the fact that Rohingya Muslims lived in Myanmar for generations prior to the independence of Myanmar, they were made stateless by the enactment of the 1982 Citizenship Law and were eventually disenfranchised, in 2015, from the electoral process, Reaffirming that the denial of citizenship status and related rights to Rohingya Muslims and others, including voting rights, is a serious human rights concern, Reiterating its deep distress at reports that unarmed individuals in Rakhine State have been and continue to be subjected to the excessive use of force and violations of human rights and international humanitarian law by the military and security and armed forces, including extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary killings, systematic rape and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearance and government seizure of Rohingya lands from which Rohingya Muslims were evicted and their homes destroyed, and remaining concerned by the previous large-scale destruction of homes and systematic evictions in northern Rakhine State, including the use of arson and violence, as well as the unlawful use of force by non-State actors, Recalling the responsibility of States to comply with their relevant obligations, to prosecute those responsible for violations of international law, including international humanitarian law, international human rights law, international criminal law and international refugee law, as well as abuses of human rights, and to provide an effective remedy to any person whose rights have been violated, with a view to ending impunity, Reiterating the urgent need to ensure that all those responsible for crimes related to violations and abuses of international law throughout Myanmar, including international human rights law, international humanitarian law and international criminal law, are held to account through credible and independent national, regional or international justice mechanisms, while recalling the authority of the Security Council in this regard, Recalling the establishment of an independent commission of inquiry by the Government of Myanmar on 30 July 2018 with a view to ensuring accountability for the human rights violations and abuses committed in Rakhine State, reiterating that the commission should conduct its work with independence, impartiality, transparency and objectivity, and encouraging the commission to issue an initial report and to cooperate with all relevant United Nations mandate holders, Recalling also some steps taken by the Government of Myanmar to create the conditions necessary for refugees and other forcibly displaced persons to return to their places of origin or to a place of their choice voluntarily, in safety and dignity, but regretting, however, that the situation has not improved in Rakhine State to create the conditions necessary for refugees and other forcibly displaced persons to return to their places of origin voluntarily, safely and with dignity, Expressing concern that in northern Rakhine State, the implementation of policies under the guise of economic development and reconstruction by the Government of Myanmar and the heavy militarization of the area have resulted in the alteration of the demographic structure, which further prevents the members of the displaced Rohingya Muslim population from returning to Rakhine State, Re-emphasizing the right of all refugees and the importance of internally displaced persons being able to return home in safety and dignity and in a voluntary and sustainable manner, A/RES/74/246 Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar 19-22672 4/8 Noting the extension for one year of the memorandum of understanding between Myanmar and the United Nations Development Programme and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on assistance in the repatriation process of displaced persons from Rakhine State, and calling upon Myanmar to grant United Nations agencies unfettered access to northern Rakhine State so that they can carry out this assistance, Expressing deep concern at the continued armed conflict and violence and abuses in a number of areas in Myanmar affecting tens of thousands of people, most notably in Rakhine State, causing their forced displacement, and recognizing the need for continued de-escalation and an enduring ceasefire as a necessary means of improving the human rights situation, Alarmed by the continued influx to Bangladesh over the last four decades of 1.1 million Rohingya Muslims, including the 744,000 who arrived since 25 August 2017 in the aftermath of atrocities committed by the security and armed forces of Myanmar, Expressing deep concern over the virulent and rapid spread of false news, hate speech and inflammatory rhetoric, in particular through social media, tolerated by the authorities of Myanmar, Noting the steps taken by the Government of Myanmar towards establishing a national strategy for the sustainable closure of camps for internally displaced persons in Myanmar, Alarmed by the findings of the independent international fact-finding mission on Myanmar of evidence of gross human rights violations and abuses suffered by Rohingya Muslims and other minorities, perpetrated by the security and armed forces of Myanmar, which, according to the fact-finding mission, undoubtedly amount to the gravest crimes under international law, Underlining the urgency of the call by the Secretary-General for increased efforts to implement the recommendations of the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, to address the root causes of the crisis, including those on access to citizenship for the Rohingya, freedom of movement, the elimination of systematic segregation and all forms of discrimination, and inclusive and equal access to health services and education, and birth registration, in full consultation with all ethnic and minority groups and persons in vulnerable situations, including on matters of citizenship for Rohingya Muslims, Welcoming the commitment of the Secretary-General to implementing the recommendations made by the independent inquiry into the involvement of the United Nations in Myanmar from 2010 to 2018, Reiterating its urgent call upon the Government of Myanmar to sustain the democratic transition of Myanmar by bringing all national institutions, including the military, under the democratically elected civilian Government, Welcoming the involvement of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations in addressing the situation in Rakhine State, including through carrying out humanitarian assessments in northern Rakhine State through its Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management, and recognizing the need for close engagement with the Rohingya refugee community, while encouraging close cooperation with all relevant United Nations agencies and international partners and to address the root causes of the conflict, so that affected communities can rebuild their lives there, 1. Expresses grave concern at continuing reports of serious human rights violations and abuses as well as violations of international humanitarian law in Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar A/RES/74/246 5/8 19-22672 Myanmar against Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Kachin, Rakhine and Shan States, including those involving arbitrary arrests, deaths in detention, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, forced labour, deprivation of economic and social rights, the forced displacement of more than a million Rohingya Muslims to Bangladesh, rape, sexual slavery and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence against women and children, as well as restrictions on exercising the rights to freedom of religion or belief, expression and peaceful assembly; 2. Strongly condemns all violations and abuses of human rights in Myanmar, and calls upon Myanmar, in particular its security and armed forces, to end immediately all violence and all violations of international law in Myanmar, to ensure the protection of the human rights of all persons in Myanmar, including of Rohingya Muslims and persons belonging to other minorities, and to take all measures necessary to provide justice to victims, to ensure full accountability and to end impunity for all violations and abuses of human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law, starting with a full, transparent and independent investigation into reports of all these violations; 3. Emphasizes the importance of conducting international, independent, fair and transparent investigations into the gross human rights violations in Myanmar, including sexual and gender-based violence against women and children, and of holding accountable all those responsible for brutal acts and crimes against all persons, including the Rohingya Muslims, in order to deliver justice to victims using all legal instruments and domestic, regional and international judicial mechanisms; 4. Expresses grave concern about the increasing restrictions on humanitarian access, in particular in Rakhine State, and urges the Government of Myanmar to cooperate fully with and to grant full, unrestricted and unmonitored access to all United Nations mandate holders and human rights mechanisms, including the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, the Independent Mechanism and relevant United Nations agencies, and international and regional human rights bodies to independently monitor the situation of human rights, and to ensure that individuals can cooperate without hindrance with these mechanisms and without fear of reprisal, intimidation or attack, and expresses deep concern that international access to affected areas of northern Rakhine State remains severely restricted for the international community, including for United Nations agencies, humanitarian actors and international media; 5. Calls upon the United Nations to ensure that the Independent Mechanism is afforded the flexibility that it needs in terms of staffing, location and operational freedom so it can deliver as effectively as possible on its mandate; 6. Urges the Independent Mechanism to swiftly advance its work and to ensure the effective use of evidence of the most serious international crimes and violations of international law collected by the independent international fact-finding mission on Myanmar; 7. Urges the independent commission of inquiry of Myanmar to deliver tangible results on its work carried out so far with independence, impartiality, transparency and objectivity in order to promote accountability, and to deliver a credible report that acknowledges the human rights violations and mass atrocities committed in Rakhine State and that can lay the groundwork for confidence-building, and encourages the commission to cooperate with all relevant United Nations mandate holders; 8. Reiterates the urgent call upon the Government of Myanmar: A/RES/74/246 Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar 19-22672 6/8 (a) To manifest clear political will supported by concrete actions for the safe, dignified, voluntary and sustainable return and reintegration of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar; (b) To take the necessary measures to address the spread of discrimination and prejudice and to combat the incitement of hatred against Rohingya Muslims and persons belonging to other minorities, and to publicly condemn such acts and combat hate speech, while fully respecting international human rights law, as well as to promote interfaith dialogue in cooperation with the international community and encourage political and religious leaders in the country to work towards reconciliation among communities and national unity through dialogue; (c) To expedite efforts to eliminate statelessness and the systematic and institutionalized discrimination against members of ethnic and religious minorities, in particular relating to Rohingya Muslims, by, inter alia, reviewing the 1982 Citizenship Law, which has led to deprivation of human rights, by ensuring equal access to full citizenship through a transparent, voluntary and accessible procedure and to all civil and political rights, by allowing for self-identification, by amending or repealing all discriminatory legislation and policies, including discriminatory provisions of the set of “protection of race and religion laws” enacted in 2015 covering religious conversion, interfaith marriage, monogamy and population control, and by lifting all local orders restricting rights to freedom of movement and access to civil registration, health and education services and livelihoods; (d) To dismantle the camps for internally displaced persons in Rakhine State with a clear timeline and without further delay, ensuring that the return and relocation of internally displaced persons is carried out in accordance with international standards and best practices, in cooperation with the United Nations and the international community, including as set forth in the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement;11 (e) To ensure full protection of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all persons in Myanmar, including Rohingya Muslims and persons belonging to other minorities, in an equal, non-discriminatory and dignified manner, in order to prevent further instability and insecurity, alleviate suffering, address the root causes of the crisis and forge a viable, lasting and durable solution; (f) To build trust among Rohingya Muslims in camps in Bangladesh, through confidence-building measures, including direct communication between the Rohingya representatives and the Myanmar authorities; (g) To create the conditions necessary for the safe, voluntary, dignified and sustainable return of all refugees, including Rohingya Muslim refugees, particularly in view of the fact that Rohingya Muslims refused to return to Myanmar on two prior occasions that had been bilaterally set up between Bangladesh and Myanmar for repatriation to commence, owing to the failure of the Government of Myanmar to create such conditions in Rakhine State; (h) To ensure the conduct of credible, inclusive and transparent general elections in 2020; (i) To fulfil its human rights obligations and commitments to protect the right to freedom of expression, including online, and the rights to freedom of association and peaceful assembly, to create and maintain a safe and enabling environment for civil society and independent media; __________________ 11 E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex. Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar A/RES/74/246 7/8 19-22672 (j) To fully implement all recommendations of the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State to address the root causes of the crisis; 9. Underscores the importance of providing protection and assistance, including non-discriminatory access to services such as medical and psychosocial care, specifically tailored to women and girls, especially those who are victims of sexual and gender-based violence and human trafficking; 10. Reiterates its deep concern at the continued plight of Rohingya Muslim refugees and forcibly displaced persons living in Bangladesh and in other countries, and appreciates the commitment by the Government of Bangladesh to provide temporary shelter, humanitarian assistance and protection to them; 11. Notes the establishment of the Inter-Ministerial Committee for the Prevention of the Six Grave Violations during Armed Conflict on 7 January 2019 by the Government of Myanmar, and of the agreement by Parliament to the ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict,12 invites the Government to continue the implementation of the action plan to end and prevent the recruitment and use of children by government forces, and calls upon the Government to engage with the United Nations in developing, adopting and implementing without undue delay comprehensive action plans addressing killing, maiming, rape and other sexual violence for which the Tatmadaw, including the integrated border forces, are listed in the annual report of the Secretary General; 12. Welcomes the recent extension for one year of the memorandum of understanding between the Government of Myanmar, the United Nations Development Programme and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to associate them to the implementation of bilateral arrangements with Bangladesh on the return of displaced persons from Rakhine State, and emphasizes the need for the Government of Myanmar to continue to cooperate fully with the Government of Bangladesh and with the United Nations, in particular the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and in consultation with the populations concerned to enable the safe, voluntary, dignified, sustainable and well- informed return of all refugees and forcibly displaced persons and internally displaced persons to their places of origin in Myanmar, and to give returnees freedom of movement and unimpeded access to livelihoods, social services, including health services, education and shelter, and to compensate them for all losses; 13. Expresses grave concern at the potential retraumatization of survivors of human rights violations and abuses, particularly child survivors and sexual violence survivors, and calls upon all actors engaging in documentation to follow the “do-no- harm” principle for evidence-gathering in order to respect the dignity of survivors and to avoid retraumatization; 14. Encourages Myanmar to continue to work with Bangladesh, in line with the bilateral instruments on repatriation signed by Bangladesh and Myanmar, in order to expedite the creation of a conducive environment for the voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return of the forcibly displaced Rohingya in Bangladesh, with the full support and meaningful involvement of the international community, including the United Nations and its funds, programmes and agencies, and stresses the importance of meaningfully engaging with civil society; 15. Encourages the international community to (a) assist Bangladesh in providing humanitarian assistance to Rohingya refugees and forcibly displaced persons until such time as they are voluntarily repatriated to Myanmar in safety and __________________ 12 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2173, No. 27531. A/RES/74/246 Situation of human rights of Rohingya Muslims and other minorities in Myanmar 19-22672 8/8 dignity; and (b) assist Myanmar in the provision of humanitarian assistance to affected persons of all communities who have been internally displaced, including those in camps for internally displaced persons within Rakhine State; 16. Urges the international community to support the 2019 joint response plan for the Rohingya humanitarian crisis to ensure adequate resources for addressing the humanitarian crisis; 17. Recognizes with appreciation the assistance and support of the international community, including regional organizations, in particular the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and the countries neighbouring Myanmar, and encourages support for the Government of Myanmar in the fulfilment of its international human rights obligations and commitments, the implementation of its democratic transition process, inclusive socioeconomic development and sustainable peace, as well as its national reconciliation process involving all relevant stakeholders; 18. Requests the Secretary-General: (a) To continue to provide his good offices and to pursue his discussions relating to Myanmar, involving all relevant stakeholders, and to offer assistance to the Government of Myanmar; (b) To extend the appointment of the Special Envoy on Myanmar and submit the report of the Special Envoy covering all relevant issues addressed in the present resolution to the General Assembly at its seventy-fifth session; (c) To provide all assistance necessary to enable the Special Envoy on Myanmar to effectively discharge her mandate and to report to Member States every six months, or as warranted by the situation on the ground; (d) To identify ways in which the existing mandates can more effectively deliver in their respective areas of responsibility concerning Myanmar and can complement each other’s work through enhanced coordination; (e) To call the continued attention of the Security Council to the situation in Myanmar with concrete recommendations for action towards resolving the humanitarian crisis, promoting the safe, dignified, voluntary and sustainable return of Rohingya refugees and forcibly displaced persons and ensuring accountability for those responsible for mass atrocities and human rights violations and abuses; (f) To fully implement the recommendations contained in the report of the independent inquiry into the involvement of the United Nations in Myanmar from 2010 to 2018; 19. Requests that the Special Envoy continue to participate by way of interactive dialogue in the seventy-fifth session of the General Assembly; 20. Decides to remain seized of the matter, inter alia, on the basis of the reports of the Secretary-General, the independent international fact-finding mission on Myanmar, the Independent Mechanism, the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar and the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar.
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A/RES/74/251
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 December 2019 [on the report of the Fifth Committee (A/74/612)] 74/251. Programme planning The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 37/234 of 21 December 1982, 38/227 A of 20 December 1983, 41/213 of 19 December 1986, 55/234 of 23 December 2000, 56/253 of 24 December 2001, 57/282 of 20 December 2002, 58/268 and 58/269 of 23 December 2003, 59/275 of 23 December 2004, 60/257 of 8 May 2006, 61/235 of 22 December 2006, 62/224 of 22 December 2007, 63/247 of 24 December 2008, 64/229 of 22 December 2009, 65/244 of 24 December 2010, 66/8 of 11 November 2011, 67/236 of 24 December 2012, 68/20 of 4 December 2013, 69/17 of 18 November 2014, 70/8 of 13 November 2015, 71/6 of 27 October 2016, 72/9 of 17 November 2017, 72/266 A of 24 December 2017, 72/266 B of 5 July 2018, section III of its resolution 72/262 C of 5 July 2018 and its resolution 73/269 of 22 December 2018, Recalling also the terms of reference of the Committee for Programme and Coordination, as outlined in the annex to Economic and Social Council resolution 2008 (LX) of 14 May 1976, Recalling further the Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation,1 by which the relevant programmes and subprogrammes of the proposed strategic framework shall be reviewed by the relevant sectoral, functional and regional intergovernmental bodies, if possible during the regular cycle of their meetings, Having considered the report of the Committee for Programme and Coordination on the work of its fifty-ninth session2 and the reports of the Secretary- General on the proposed programme budget for 2020: part I, plan outline, 3 and part II, __________________ 1 ST/SGB/2018/3. 2 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fourth Session, Supplement No. 16 (A/74/16). 3 A/74/6 (Plan outline). A/RES/74/251 Programme planning 19-22679 2/5 programme plan for programmes and subprogrammes and programme performance information,4 Having also considered the report of the Office of Internal Oversight Services on strengthening the role of evaluation and the application of evaluation findings on programme design, delivery and policy directives, 5 1. Reaffirms the role of the Committee for Programme and Coordination as the main subsidiary organ of the General Assembly and the Economic and Social Council for planning, programming and coordination; 2. Also reaffirms the role of the Committee for Programme and Coordination in verifying that the programmes of activities of the Organization are implemented in line with the legislative mandates and that the full implementation of regulations and rules is ensured; 3. Re-emphasizes the role of the plenary and the Main Committees of the General Assembly in reviewing and taking action on the appropriate recommendations of the Committee for Programme and Coordination relevant to their work, in accordance with regulation 4.10 of the Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation;1 4. Stresses that setting the priorities of the United Nations is the prerogative of the Member States, as reflected in legislative mandates; 5. Reiterates the need for Member States to participate fully in the budget preparation process, from its early stages and throughout the process; 6. Recalls its resolution 72/266 A, in which it approved the change from a biennial to an annual budget period on a trial basis, beginning with the programme budget for 2020; 7. Requests the Secretary-General to present a report as early as practicable, for the consideration of the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session, on the impact of the changes to the budgetary cycle on the established budgetary procedures and practices as they pertain to the agreed sequential nature of the review processes of the proposed programme budget, and in this regard to present possible options to ensure the preservation of this sequence, including the possibility of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions preparing its conclusions and recommendations on the basis of a programme plan approved by the General Assembly in 2021; 8. Recalls paragraph 13 of its resolution 72/266 A, and reaffirms that no changes to the budget methodology, established budgetary procedures and practices or the financial regulations may be implemented without prior review and approval by the General Assembly in accordance with established budgetary procedures; 9. Requests the Secretary-General to clearly identify those provisions and rules that are proposed to be formally suspended or no longer applied during the trial period; __________________ 4 A/74/6 (Sect. 2), A/74/6 (Sect. 3), A/74/6 (Sect. 4), A/74/6 (Sect. 5), A/74/6 (Sect. 5)/Corr.1, A/74/6 (Sect. 6), A/74/6 (Sect. 8), A/74/6 (Sect. 8)/Corr.1, A/74/6 (Sect. 9), A/74/6 (Sect. 10), A/74/6 (Sect. 11), A/74/6 (Sect. 12), A/74/6 (Sect. 13), A/74/6 (Sect. 14), A/74/6 (Sect. 15), A/74/6 (Sect. 16), A/74/6 (Sect. 17), A/74/6 (Sect. 18), A/74/6 (Sect. 19), A/74/6 (Sect. 20), A/74/6 (Sect. 21), A/74/6 (Sect. 22), A/74/6 (Sect. 24), A/74/6 (Sect. 25), A/74/6 (Sect. 26), A/74/6 (Sect. 27), A/74/6 (Sect. 28), A/74/6 (Sect. 29), A/74/6 (Sect. 30), A/74/6 (Sect. 31) and A/74/6 (Sect. 34). 5 A/74/67 and A/74/67/Corr.1. Programme planning A/RES/74/251 3/5 19-22679 10. Expresses its support for the efforts of the Secretariat to better engage and support programme managers with the aim of making the Organization more effective, and welcomes the commitment and ongoing efforts of the Secretariat to improve the programmatic aspects of the programme budget; 11. Calls upon the Secretary-General to ensure that objectives, results and performance measures that are put forward for consideration are strategic, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound; 12. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the Regulations and Rules Governing Programme Planning, the Programme Aspects of the Budget, the Monitoring of Implementation and the Methods of Evaluation approved by the General Assembly in its resolutions 70/8 and 72/9 are fully respected, with the exception of regulations and rules that have been directly impacted by the decisions taken by the Assembly in its resolution 72/266 A; 13. Notes the repeated reference “in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the purposes stipulated in Article 1 of the Charter are embodied by the Sustainable Development Goals” across the programmes, underscores the primacy of the Charter of the United Nations, and reaffirms that the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 6 are guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter; 14. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that results and, where possible, performance measures actually reflect achievements in the implementation of the programmes of the Organization and not those of individual Member States; 15. Also requests the Secretary-General, while still considering further areas of improvement, to apply the following guidelines when preparing the next proposed programme plan and programme performance documents for the remainder of the approved trial period, namely, for 2021 and 2022: (a) Adhering to a programme plan that contains the required level of detail and information, in particular keeping the objectives, results and corresponding performance measures at the subprogramme level, in line with the results-based budgeting framework; (b) Including a detailed list of deliverables in the proposed programme budget and ensuring that resources are justified in terms of the requirements to implement deliverables as contributions to the planned results; (c) Including clear, comprehensive explanations of the approved methodologies to be applied in the context of the programme budget proposals to be submitted in respect of the 2021 and 2022 budget periods, with reference to the applicable provisions of relevant General Assembly resolutions, including resolutions 47/212 A of 23 December 1992 and 72/266 A; (d) Enhancing the link between the preceding programme plans and the proposed future plans, with a view to ensuring consistency and continuity; (e) Incorporating more general information on programmes and subprogrammes by showing not only examples of actual and planned results, but also an overview of activities and general strategy that encompasses a comprehensive overall account of the actual and planned results; (f) Presenting performance information on a comprehensive set of results, which would allow for enhanced oversight, transparency and accountability in the __________________ 6 Resolution 70/1. A/RES/74/251 Programme planning 19-22679 4/5 implementation of all activities in the programme plan as approved by the General Assembly; (g) Providing, in the context of performance measures, at least three prior years of actual performance information to facilitate a better understanding and assessment of progress made at the programme and subprogramme levels; (h) Including a strategy at both the programme and subprogramme levels; (i) Incorporating the list of legislative mandates into the published official document and not into the supplementary document provided informally; (j) Replacing the proposed section on alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals with concrete information regarding contributions to the implementation of the Goals by relevant programmes and subprogrammes in accordance with their specific related intergovernmental mandates; (k) Using simplified and identifiable numbering to improve the readability and referencing of the proposed programme plan; (l) Reducing the use of accompanying photographs in the foreword to each proposed programme plan; (m) Ensuring that the use of anecdotal narratives in subprogrammes is only to provide examples of actual and planned results as referenced in (e) above; (n) Ensuring that the terms and expressions referenced in the proposed programme plan have been intergovernmentally agreed; 16. Approves, on an exceptional basis and without creating a precedent, for programmes 5, 8, 10, 12, 13, 16, 17, 19, 22, 27 and 28 of the proposed programme budget for 2020, the programme narrative that is composed solely of the “Mandates and background”, “Recent developments”, “Strategy and external factors for 2020” and “Evaluation activities” sections at the programme level and by objective at the subprogramme level; 17. Also approves, on an exceptional basis and without creating a precedent, for programmes 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 15, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25 and 26 of the proposed programme budget for 2020, a programme narrative that is composed solely of the list of mandates at the programme level and the objectives approved by the General Assembly in its resolution 71/6 and the deliverables for 2020 at the subprogramme level; 18. Further approves the programme plan for programme 6, Legal affairs, of the proposed programme budget for 2020, as contained in the report of the Secretary- General;7 19. Approves, on an exceptional basis and without creating a precedent, in the case of the programmes mentioned in paragraph 17 above, where new mandates imply changes to the objectives at the subprogramme level as approved in their agreed formulation under its resolution 71/6, the relevant objectives as updated in the proposed programme budget for 2020; 20. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that the programme plan covers all activities, both substantive and servicing, including those to be financed partially or fully from extrabudgetary and other assessed resources; __________________ 7 A/74/6 (Sect. 8) and A/74/6 (Sect. 8)/Corr.1. Programme planning A/RES/74/251 5/5 19-22679 21. Endorses the conclusions and recommendations of the Committee for Programme and Coordination on evaluation8 contained in its report on the work of its fifty-ninth session, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure the timely implementation of the recommendations; 22. Also endorses the conclusions and recommendations of the Committee for Programme and Coordination on the annual overview report of the United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination for 2018, 9 contained in its report on the work of its fifty-ninth session, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure the timely implementation of the recommendations. 52nd (resumed) plenary meeting 27 December 2019 __________________ 8 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fourth Session, Supplement No. 16 (A/74/16), chap. II, sect. B. 9 Ibid., chap. III, sect. A.
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 3 September 2020 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/74/L.68/Rev.1 and A/74/L.68/Rev.1/Add.1)] 74/301. New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 57/2 of 16 September 2002 on the United Nations Declaration on the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, Recalling also its resolution 57/7 of 4 November 2002 on the final review and appraisal of the United Nations New Agenda for the Development of Africa in the 1990s and support for the New Partnership for Africa’s Development and all its subsequent resolutions, including resolution 73/335 of 10 September 2019, entitled “New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support”, Reaffirming its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in which it adopted a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Sustainable Development Goals and targets, its commitment to working tirelessly for the full implementation of the Agenda by 2030, its recognition that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, its commitment to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner, and to building upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to address their unfinished business, A/RES/74/301 New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support 20-11526 2/11 Reaffirming also its resolution 69/313 of 27 July 2015, entitled “Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development (Addis Ababa Action Agenda)”, which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supports and complements it, helps to contextualize its means of implementation targets with concrete policies and actions, and reaffirms the strong political commitment to address the challenge of financing and creating an enabling environment at all levels for sustainable development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity, Welcoming the adoption by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union of the declaration proclaiming “Silencing the guns: creating conducive conditions for Africa’s development” as the theme for 2020, Recalling that the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development underscores the special challenges facing the most vulnerable countries, including African countries, and recalling also that significant challenges remain in achieving sustainable development in Africa and the importance of fulfilling all commitments to advance action in areas critical to Africa’s sustainable development, Recognizing the adoption of Agenda 2063 by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union at its twenty-fourth ordinary session, held in Addis Ababa on 30 and 31 January 2015, as the African Union long-term strategy emphasizing industrialization, youth employment, improved natural resource governance and the reduction of inequalities, and recognizing also the adoption by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union of the first 10-year implementation plan (2014–2023) of Agenda 2063, which outlines key African flagship projects, fast-track programmes, priority areas, specific targets and African strategies and policy measures at all levels to support its implementation, Noting with appreciation the signing by the Secretary-General and the Chairperson of the African Union Commission on 27 January 2018 of the African Union-United Nations Framework for the Implementation of Agenda 2063 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to promote the integrated and coordinated implementation, monitoring and reporting of both Agendas through joint activities and programmes, Recalling the adoption of its resolution 74/206 of 19 December 2019 on the promotion of international cooperation to combat illicit financial flows and strengthen good practices on assets return to foster sustainable development, Reaffirming the Paris Agreement 1 and encouraging all its parties to fully implement the Agreement, and parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible, Highlighting the synergies between the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, the Paris Agreement and other relevant major intergovernmental outcomes of United Nations conferences and summits in economic, social and environmental fields, Underlining the need to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for achieving sustainable development and to build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels, and reaffirming that good governance, the rule of law, human rights, fundamental freedoms, equal access to fair justice systems and measures to combat corruption and curb illicit financial flows will be integral to our efforts, __________________ 1 See FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21, annex. 2 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822. New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support A/RES/74/301 3/11 20-11526 Recalling the adoption of its resolution 71/254 of 23 December 2016 on the Framework for a Renewed United Nations-African Union Partnership on Africa’s Integration and Development Agenda 2017–2027, Recalling also the adoption by the Economic and Social Council of resolution 2020/6 of 18 June 2020 on the social dimensions of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, Recalling further its resolution 70/259 of 1 April 2016, by which it proclaimed 2016–2025 the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition, and recalling also its resolution 72/306 of 24 July 2018, entitled “Implementation of the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016–2025)”, Recalling its resolution 66/293 of 17 September 2012, by which it established a United Nations monitoring mechanism to review commitments made towards Africa’s development, and looking forward to the fourth biennial report of the Secretary- General on the review of the implementation of the commitments made towards Africa’s development, to be submitted to the General Assembly at its seventy-fifth session, Welcoming the ongoing support of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization for the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, 3 the African (Accelerated) Agribusiness and Agro-industries Development Initiative, the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plan for Africa and other programmes of the African Union aimed at further strengthening the industrialization process in Africa, Welcoming also the high-level events organized by the Office of the Special Adviser on Africa during the 2020 Africa Dialogue Series, on the theme “COVID-19 and silencing the guns in Africa: challenges and opportunities”, Bearing in mind that African countries have primary responsibility for their own economic and social development and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized, bearing in mind also the need for their development efforts to be supported by the international community and an enabling international economic environment, reiterating the need for the international community to implement all commitments regarding the economic and social development of Africa, and in this regard recalling the support given by the International Conference on Financing for Development to the New Partnership,4 Reaffirming the convening of the intergovernmental conference held on 10 and 11 December 2018 in Marrakech, Morocco, and recalling that it adopted the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, also known as the Marrakech Compact on Migration,5 Reaffirming also the outcome of the second High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation, held in Buenos Aires from 20 to 22 March 2019,6 Noting the various international events that have been held and are planned to be held between African countries and their partners, including the seventh Tokyo International Conference on African Development, held in Yokohama, Japan, from 28 to 30 August 2019, the first ever Russia-Africa Summit and Economic Forum, held in Sochi, Russian Federation, on 23 and 24 October 2019, the United Kingdom-Africa Investment Summit, held in London on 20 January 2020, and the Extraordinary China- __________________ 3 A/57/304, annex. 4 See Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18–22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex. 5 Resolution 73/195, annex. 6 Resolution 73/291, annex. A/RES/74/301 New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support 20-11526 4/11 Africa Summit on Solidarity against COVID-19, held on 17 June 2020, and looking forward to the convening of the sixth European Union-African Union Summit, to be held in October 2020, Taking note with appreciation of decision Ext/Assembly/AU/Dec.1(XI) of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union adopted at its eleventh extraordinary session, held in Addis Ababa on 17 and 18 November 2018, on the evolutionary trajectory of the New Partnership and the rationale behind the establishment of the African Union Development Agency as a vehicle for the better execution of the African Union Agenda 2063 and the decision that the New Partnership Planning and Coordinating Agency shall henceforth be renamed the African Union Development Agency-New Partnership for Africa’s Development, 1. Takes note of the seventeenth consolidated progress report of the Secretary-General on implementation and international support for the New Partnership for Africa’s Development;7 2. Recognizes the efforts of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, 3 and welcomes in this regard the efforts by development partners to strengthen cooperation with the New Partnership and recognizes the progress made, while acknowledging that much needs to be done in its implementation; 3. Also recognizes the importance of supporting Agenda 2063 and its first 10-year implementation plan (2014–2023) and acknowledges the programme of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, both of which are integral to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,8 and underscores in this regard the importance of a coherent and coordinated implementation of Agenda 2063 and the 2030 Agenda; 4. Emphasizes that economic development, including inclusive industrial development, and policies which seek to enhance productive capacities in Africa can generate employment and income for the poor and, therefore, be an engine for poverty eradication and for achieving internationally agreed development goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals and recognizes in this regard the adoption by the General Assembly of resolution 70/293 of 25 July 2016 on the Third Industrial Development Decade for Africa (2016–2025); 5. Recognizes its commitment to the full implementation of the political declaration on Africa’s development needs, adopted at the high-level meeting on Africa’s development needs on 22 September 2008;9 6. Welcomes the progress made by African countries in fulfilling their commitments in the implementation of the New Partnership to deepen democracy, human rights, good governance and sound economic management, and encourages African countries, with the participation of stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, to continue their efforts towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, developing and strengthening institutions for governance, creating an environment conducive to involving the private sector, including small and medium-sized enterprises, in the New Partnership implementation process, developing innovative public-private partnerships for financing infrastructure projects and attracting foreign direct investment for development; 7. Encourages African countries to strengthen and expand local and regional infrastructure and to continue to share best practices with a view to strengthening regional and continental integration, and in this regard notes with appreciation the __________________ 7 A/74/193. 8 Resolution 70/1. 9 Resolution 63/1. New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support A/RES/74/301 5/11 20-11526 work of the high-level subcommittee of the African Union on the Presidential Infrastructure Champion Initiative; 8. Also encourages African countries to maintain the trend of increasing both foreign and domestic investment in infrastructure development, including through strengthened domestic resource mobilization from the public and private sectors, and improving the efficiency of existing infrastructure investment; 9. Recalls the third Global Infrastructure Forum, held in Bali, Indonesia, on 13 October 2018, and in this regard recalls, as outlined in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, 10 that a greater range of voices should be heard, particularly from developing countries, to identify and address infrastructure and capacity gaps, in particular in African countries, and that it highlights opportunities for investment and cooperation and works to ensure that investments are environmentally, socially and economically sustainable; 10. Recognizes the need for Africa’s development partners to align their efforts in infrastructure investment towards supporting the Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa, recalls the Dakar Agenda for Action to mobilize investment towards infrastructure development projects, and calls upon development partners to support the implementation of the Dakar Agenda; 11. Encourages African countries to accelerate the achievement of the objective of food security and nutrition in Africa, welcomes the commitment made by African leaders to allocate at least 10 per cent of public expenditure to agriculture and to ensure its efficiency and effectiveness, in this regard recognizes its support for the commitments contained in the Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods and for the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme, and in this regard notes the important progress made by the 44 African countries and the 4 regional economic communities that have signed compacts under the Programme; 12. Urges continued support of measures to address the challenges of poverty eradication, hunger and malnutrition, job creation and sustainable development in Africa, including, as appropriate, debt relief, improved market access, support for the private sector and entrepreneurship, fulfilment of commitments on official development assistance and increased flows of foreign direct investment, and transfer of technology on mutually agreed terms; 13. Recognizes the need for Africa’s development partners to align their efforts to implement the commitments contained in the Declaration on Nutrition Security for Inclusive Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in Africa, towards supporting the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme and the implementation of the national and regional investment plans of the Programme for alignment of external funding, and recalls the Declaration of the World Summit on Food Security;11 14. Calls for effective measures and targeted investments to strengthen national health systems and to ensure access to safe drinking water and sanitation to prevent, protect against and combat outbreaks of diseases, including the Ebola virus disease and coronavirus disease (COVID-19); invites development partners to continue to assist African countries in their efforts to strengthen national health systems, to expand surveillance systems in the health sector, in compliance with the __________________ 10 Resolution 69/313, annex. 11 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, document WSFS 2009/2. A/RES/74/301 New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support 20-11526 6/11 International Health Regulations (2005), 12 and to eliminate diseases, and in this context calls upon development partners to support the implementation of the African Health Strategy 2016–2030 and the transition towards universal health coverage in Africa; 15. Notes the unprecedented threat that COVID-19 presents to the continent’s hard-won development and economic gains; welcomes efforts of African leaders in mitigating the impact of the pandemic on their countries and citizens; expresses its highest appreciation to all partners and international organizations, including the United Nations, the World Health Organization, the international financial institutions, the Paris Club and the Group of 20, that have supported the continent in mitigating the effects of COVID-19; notes that there is a need for additional support to reduce the effects of the pandemic on the continent’s achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Agenda 2063; and in this regard calls upon the United Nations development system, under the leadership of the Secretary- General, and relevant international organizations and development partners to mobilize a coordinated global response to the pandemic and its adverse social, economic and financial impact on all African societies; 16. Recalls the adoption of the political declaration of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the fight against tuberculosis, as reflected in its resolution 73/3 of 10 October 2018, and the political declaration of the third high-level meeting of the Assembly on the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, as reflected in its resolution 73/2 of 10 October 2018, and calls upon developed countries and other development partners to continue their support, including financial and technical support, to African countries to scale up their national efforts to fully implement, as appropriate, the actions committed to by the Heads of State and Government and their representatives; 17. Encourages African countries to continue their efforts in investing in education, including mathematics, vocational training, including engineering, science, technology and innovation to enhance value addition and sustainable industrial development; 18. Recognizes the important role that African regional economic communities can play in the implementation of the mandate of the New Partnership and of Agenda 2063 and its first 10-year implementation plan in close cooperation with the African Union, and in this regard encourages African countries and the international community to give regional economic communities the support necessary to strengthen their capacity; 19. Reiterates the need to support developing countries in strengthening the capacity of national statistical offices and data systems to ensure access to high- quality, timely, reliable and disaggregated data; 20. Requests the United Nations system to continue to provide assistance to the New Partnership and to African countries in developing projects and programmes within the scope of the priorities of the New Partnership, reaffirms the essential role played by the New Partnership Heads of State and Government Orientation Committee, and further requests that emphasis be placed on monitoring and evaluation in support of the New Partnership; 21. Expresses concern about the increasing challenges posed by the adverse impacts of climate change, drought, land degradation, desertification, the loss of biodiversity and floods, and their negative consequences for the fight against poverty, famine and hunger, which could pose serious additional challenges to the achievement __________________ 12 World Health Organization, document WHA58/2005/REC/1, resolution 58.3, annex. New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support A/RES/74/301 7/11 20-11526 of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in Africa; 22. Expresses deep concern about the continuing negative effects of desertification, land degradation and drought on the African continent and underlines the need for short-, medium- and long-term measures, and in this regard calls for the continued effective implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa, 13 including its 2018–2030 Strategic Framework;14 23. Recognizes that Africa is one of the regions that contribute the least to climate change, yet is extremely vulnerable and exposed to the adverse impacts of climate change, and in this regard calls upon the international community, including developed countries, to continue to support Africa to address its adaptation needs through, inter alia, the development, transfer and deployment of technology on mutually agreed terms, capacity-building and the provision of adequate and predictable resources, in line with existing commitments, and highlights the need for full implementation of the agreed outcomes of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,2 including the Paris Agreement;1 24. Urges Member States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying or acceding to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto, 15 the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol, 16 the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971,17 the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988, 18 the United Nations Convention against Corruption19 and the international conventions and protocols related to terrorism, and urges States parties to those conventions and protocols to make efforts towards their effective implementation; 25. Underscores the importance of support by Africa’s partners, in particular developed countries, of efforts by African countries to strengthen domestic resource mobilization, including through capacity-building and strengthening of international cooperation to combat illicit financial flows and enhance asset recovery and return; 26. Reiterates the commitment to redouble efforts to substantially reduce illicit financial flows by 2030, with a view to eventually eliminating them, including by combating tax evasion and corruption through strengthened national regulation and increased international cooperation, in line with the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, and the strengthening of international cooperation to combat illicit financial flows; 27. Recalls the second International Expert Meeting on the Return of Stolen Assets, held in Addis Ababa from 7 to 9 May 2019, and encourages the continuation of its work in advancing efforts to strengthen the recovery and return of stolen assets and the identification of good practices for the return of stolen assets in support of sustainable development; 28. Reaffirms that achieving gender equality, empowering all women and girls, and the full realization of their human rights are essential to achieving sustained, inclusive and equitable economic growth and sustainable development, reiterates the __________________ 13 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1954, No. 33480. 14 ICCD/COP(13)/21/Add.1, decision 7/COP.13, annex. 15 United Nations, Treaty Series, vols. 2225, 2237, 2241 and 2326, No. 39574. 16 Ibid., vol. 976, No. 14152. 17 Ibid., vol. 1019, No. 14956. 18 Ibid., vol. 1582, No. 27627. 19 Ibid., vol. 2349, No. 42146. A/RES/74/301 New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support 20-11526 8/11 need for gender mainstreaming, including targeted actions and investments in the formulation and implementation of all financial, economic, environmental and social policies, and recommits to adopting and strengthening sound policies and enforceable legislation and transformative actions for the promotion of gender equality and women’s and girls’ empowerment at all levels, to ensure women’s equal rights, access and opportunities for participation and leadership in the economy and to eliminate gender- based violence, sexual exploitation and abuse and discrimination in all its forms; 29. Welcomes the noteworthy progress that has been achieved in implementing the African Peer Review Mechanism, in particular the voluntary adherence of 40 African countries to the Mechanism and the completion of the peer review process in 21 countries, welcomes the progress in implementing the national programmes of action resulting from those reviews, in this regard urges African States that have not yet done so to consider joining the Mechanism process by 2023, as envisaged in the first 10-year implementation plan of Agenda 2063, encourages further strengthening of the Mechanism process for its efficient performance, and takes note of the decisions taken by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union at its eleventh extraordinary session, held in Addis Ababa on 17 and 18 November 2018, on the institutional reform of the African Peer Review Mechanism; 30. Emphasizes African ownership of the African Peer Review Mechanism process, and invites the international community to support the efforts of African countries, at their request, in implementing their respective national programmes of action arising from the process; 31. Notes with concern that the preliminary data indicate that the net bilateral aid flows to Africa decreased by 4 per cent in 2018 compared with 2017 figures, 20 and notes that there are no updated comparable data on bilateral aid flows to Africa in 2019; 32. Reiterates that the fulfilment of all official development assistance commitments remains crucial, including the commitment by many developed countries to achieve the target of 0.7 per cent of gross national income for official development assistance and 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of gross national income for official development assistance to least developed countries, is encouraged by those few countries that have met or surpassed their commitment to 0.7 per cent of gross national income for official development assistance and the target of 0.15 to 0.20 per cent of gross national income for official development assistance to least developed countries, and urges all others to step up efforts to increase their official development assistance and to make additional concrete efforts towards official development assistance targets; 33. Notes with appreciation the aspirations embedded in Agenda 2063 of the African Union to lift huge sections of the population out of poverty, improve incomes and catalyse economic and social transformation, and recognizes the importance of the international community helping African countries to achieve such goals, especially in the rural areas of the African continent; 34. Considers that innovative mechanisms of financing can make a positive contribution towards assisting developing countries in mobilizing additional resources for financing for development on a voluntary basis and that such financing should supplement and not be a substitute for traditional sources of financing, and, while highlighting the considerable progress on innovative sources of financing for __________________ 20 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development press release, “Development aid drops in 2018, especially to neediest countries”, 10 April 2019. New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support A/RES/74/301 9/11 20-11526 development achieved to date, stresses the importance of scaling up present initiatives and developing new mechanisms, as appropriate; 35. Notes with concern Africa’s disproportionately low share of the volume of international trade, which stood at approximately 2.45 per cent and 2.96 per cent of world merchandise exports and imports, respectively, in 2019; 36. Expresses concern at the increased debt burden of some African countries, underlines the importance of debt crisis prevention and prudent debt management, calls for a comprehensive and sustainable solution to the external debt problems of African countries, including the challenge of undeclared or hidden debt, and recognizes the important role, on a case-by-case basis, of debt relief, including debt cancellation, as appropriate, the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, debt restructuring and any other mechanism; 37. Welcomes the collaboration between the African Private Sector Forum and the United Nations Global Compact, and encourages the further enhancement of this partnership in conjunction with the African Union Commission in support of the development of the African private sector and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, in line with the relevant executive decisions of the African Union; 38. Calls upon developing countries and countries with economies in transition to continue their efforts to create a domestic environment conducive to encouraging entrepreneurship, promoting the formalization of informal sector activities in Africa and attracting investments by, inter alia, achieving a transparent, stable and predictable investment climate with proper contract enforcement and respect for property rights, embedded in sound macroeconomic policies and institutions; 39. Notes that foreign direct investment is a major source of financing for development, that it has a critical role in achieving inclusive economic growth and sustainable development, including through the promotion of job creation and the eradication of poverty and hunger, and that it contributes to the active participation of the African economies in the global economy and facilitates regional economic cooperation and integration, and in this regard calls upon, as appropriate, developed countries to continue to devise source-country measures to encourage and facilitate the flow of foreign direct investment through, inter alia, the provision of export credits and other lending instruments, risk guarantees and business development services; 40. Invites all of Africa’s development partners, in particular developed countries, to support the efforts of African countries to promote and maintain macroeconomic stability, to help African countries to attract investments and promote policies conducive to attracting domestic and foreign investment, for example by encouraging private financial flows and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises, especially those owned by women, to promote investment by their private sectors in Africa, to encourage and facilitate the development and transfer of technology to African countries, on mutually agreed terms, and to assist in strengthening human and institutional capacities for the implementation of the New Partnership, consistent with its priorities and objectives and with a view to furthering Africa’s development at all levels; 41. Acknowledges the progress made towards ensuring free movement of persons as well as goods and services in Africa, and in this regard recalls with appreciation the entry into force on 30 May 2019 of the agreement on the African Continental Free Trade Area, which aims at doubling intra-African trade by, inter alia, removing non-tariff and tariff barriers on goods and services, and the launch of its operational phase on 7 July 2019; 42. Reiterates the need for all countries and relevant multilateral institutions to continue efforts to enhance coherence in their trade policies towards African A/RES/74/301 New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support 20-11526 10/11 countries, and acknowledges the importance of efforts to fully integrate African countries into the multilateral trading system and to build their capacity to compete through such initiatives as Aid for Trade and, given the world economic and financial crisis, the provision of assistance to address the adjustment challenges of trade liberalization; 43. Also reiterates that we are setting out together on the path towards sustainable development, devoting ourselves collectively to the pursuit of global development and of “win-win” cooperation which can bring huge gains to all countries and all parts of the world; 44. Emphasizes the importance of facilitating the accession of developing countries to the World Trade Organization, recognizing the contribution that their accession would make to the rapid and full integration of those countries into the multilateral trading system, urges in this regard the acceleration of the accession process on a technical and legal basis and in an expeditious and transparent manner for developing countries that have applied for membership in the World Trade Organization, and reaffirms the importance of that organization’s decision WT/L/508/Add.1 of 25 July 2012 on accession by the least developed countries; 45. Welcomes the various important initiatives established between African countries and their development partners, as well as other initiatives, emphasizes the importance of coordination in such initiatives on Africa and the need for their effective implementation, and in this regard recognizes the important role that North- South, South-South and triangular cooperation can play in supporting Africa’s development efforts, particularly the implementation of the New Partnership, while bearing in mind that South-South cooperation is not a substitute for but rather a complement to North-South cooperation; 46. Also welcomes the efforts of the United Nations and the African Union to align the clusters of the Regional Coordination Mechanism for Africa with the strategic frameworks of the African Union and the New Partnership for 2014–2017 and Agenda 2063, and invites development partners, including the United Nations system, to continue to support the Regional Coordination Mechanism for Africa in achieving its objectives, including through the allocation of necessary funds to support the implementation of its activities; 47. Requests the Secretary-General to promote greater coherence in the work of the United Nations system in support of the New Partnership towards accelerated realization of Agenda 2063, on the basis of the agreed clusters of the Regional Coordination Mechanism for Africa, and in this regard calls upon the United Nations system to continue to mainstream the special needs of Africa in all its normative and operational activities; 48. Recalls the establishment of the United Nations monitoring mechanism to review commitments made relating to Africa’s development, and invites Member States and all relevant entities of the United Nations system, including funds, programmes, specialized agencies and regional commissions, in particular the Economic Commission for Africa, and all relevant international and regional organizations, to continue to contribute to the effectiveness and reliability of the review process by cooperating in the collection of data and the evaluation of performance; 49. Stresses the crucial importance of partnership for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, calls for coordination and sharing of experience that can boost the capacity of countries to achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and in this regard notes with appreciation the sixth session of the Africa Regional Forum on Sustainable Development held in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, from 25 to 27 February 2020, and convened by the Economic Commission for Africa in New Partnership for Africa’s Development: progress in implementation and international support A/RES/74/301 11/11 20-11526 collaboration with regional organizations and the United Nations system on the theme “2020–2030: a decade to deliver a transformed and prosperous Africa through the 2030 Agenda and Agenda 2063”; 50. Reiterates its commitment to further strengthen public policies and the mobilization and effective use of domestic resources, recognizing that domestic resources are first and foremost generated by economic growth, supported by an enabling environment at all levels; 51. Urges the international community to continue to give due attention to Africa’s priorities, in line with Agenda 2063 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; 52. Welcomes the transformation of the New Partnership Agency into the African Union Development Agency, with the specific mandate to provide technical support to the implementation of Agenda 2063 in synergy with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; 53. Also welcomes the increasing efforts to improve the quality of official development assistance and increase its development impact, recognizes the Development Cooperation Forum of the Economic and Social Council, notes other initiatives, such as the high-level forums on aid effectiveness, which produced, inter alia, the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, the Accra Agenda for Action 21 and the Busan Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation, which make important contributions to the efforts of the countries that have made commitments to them, including through the adoption of the fundamental principles of national ownership, alignment, harmonization, transparency, accountability and managing for results, and bears in mind that there is no one-size-fits-all formula that will guarantee effective assistance and that the specific situation of each country needs to be fully considered; 54. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly, on an annual basis, a comprehensive and action-oriented report on the implementation of the present resolution, based on the provision of inputs from Governments, organizations of the United Nations system and other stakeholders in the New Partnership, and to submit to the Assembly in 2021 an addendum on the comprehensive review of international support to the New Partnership, including the impact of such support, lessons learned as well as recommendations on the modalities for future engagement. 62nd plenary meeting 3 September 2020 __________________ 21 A/63/539, annex.
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A/RES/74/44
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 December 2019 [on the report of the First Committee (A/74/368)] 74/44. Reducing nuclear danger The General Assembly, Bearing in mind that the use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to humankind and to the survival of civilization, Reaffirming that any use or threat of use of nuclear weapons would constitute a violation of the Charter of the United Nations, Convinced that the proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects would seriously enhance the danger of nuclear war, Convinced also that nuclear disarmament and the complete elimination of nuclear weapons are essential to remove the danger of nuclear war, Considering that, until nuclear weapons cease to exist, it is imperative on the part of the nuclear-weapon States to adopt measures that assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, Considering also that the hair-trigger alert of nuclear weapons carries unacceptable risks of unintentional or accidental use of nuclear weapons, which would have catastrophic consequences for all humankind, Emphasizing the need to adopt measures to avoid accidental, unauthorized or unexplained incidents arising from computer anomalies or other technical malfunctions, Conscious that limited steps relating to de-alerting and de-targeting have been taken by the nuclear-weapon States and that further practical, realistic and mutually reinforcing steps are necessary to contribute to the improvement in the international climate for negotiations leading to the elimination of nuclear weapons, A/RES/74/44 Reducing nuclear danger 19-21747 2/2 Mindful that a diminishing role for nuclear weapons in the security policies of nuclear-weapon States would have a positive impact on international peace and security and improve the conditions for the further reduction and the elimination of nuclear weapons, Reiterating the highest priority accorded to nuclear disarmament in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly 1 and by the international community, Recalling the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons 2 that there exists an obligation for all States to pursue in good faith and bring to a conclusion negotiations leading to nuclear disarmament in all its aspects under strict and effective international control, Recalling also the call, in the United Nations Millennium Declaration, 3 to seek to eliminate the dangers posed by weapons of mass destruction and the resolve to strive for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction, particularly nuclear weapons, including the possibility of convening an international conference to identify ways of eliminating nuclear dangers, 1. Calls for a review of nuclear doctrines and, in this context, immediate and urgent steps to reduce the risks of unintentional and accidental use of nuclear weapons, including through de-alerting and de-targeting nuclear weapons; 2. Requests the five nuclear-weapon States to take measures towards the implementation of paragraph 1 above; 3. Calls upon Member States to take the measures necessary to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects and to promote nuclear disarmament, with the objective of eliminating nuclear weapons; 4. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to paragraph 5 of its resolution 73/56 of 5 December 2018;4 5. Requests the Secretary-General to intensify efforts and support initiatives that would contribute to the full implementation of the seven recommendations identified in the report of the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters that would significantly reduce the risk of nuclear war, 5 and also to continue to encourage Member States to consider the convening of an international conference, as proposed in the United Nations Millennium Declaration,3 to identify ways of eliminating nuclear dangers, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its seventy-fifth session; 6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fifth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Reducing nuclear danger”. 46th plenary meeting 12 December 2019 __________________ 1 Resolution S-10/2. 2 A/51/218, annex. 3 Resolution 55/2. 4 A/74/158. 5 A/56/400, para. 3.
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A/RES/74/46
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 December 2019 [on the report of the First Committee (A/74/368)] 74/46. Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 1 (I) of 24 January 1946, 71/54 of 5 December 2016, 72/39 of 4 December 2017 and 73/70 of 5 December 2018, Noting the twenty-first anniversary of the launch of the New Agenda Coalition and the joint declaration outlining a new agenda for disarmament, adopted in Dublin on 9 June 1998,1 Recalling the political declaration adopted at the Nelson Mandela Peace Summit on 24 September 2018,2 in which Summit attendees recalled the firm plea made by Nelson Mandela in favour of the total elimination of nuclear weapons, and underscoring commitments towards that goal, Welcoming the Secretary-General’s disarmament agenda, Securing Our Common Future: An Agenda for Disarmament, and its implementation plan, Reiterating its grave concern at the danger to humanity posed by nuclear weapons, which should inform all deliberations, decisions and actions relating to nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation, Recalling the expression of deep concern by the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons at the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons, and its resolve to seek a __________________ 1 A/53/138, annex. 2 Resolution 73/1. A/RES/74/46 Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments 19-21833 2/7 safer world for all and to achieve the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons,3 Noting with satisfaction the renewed attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences and risks associated with nuclear weapons that has been generated by the international community since 2010 and the growing awareness that these concerns should underpin the need for nuclear disarmament and the urgency of achieving and maintaining a nuclear-weapon-free world, and noting with satisfaction also the prominence accorded to the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons in multilateral disarmament forums, Recalling the discussions held at the Conferences on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear Weapons, hosted by Norway, on 4 and 5 March 2013, Mexico, on 13 and 14 February 2014, and Austria, on 8 and 9 December 2014, aimed at understanding and developing a greater awareness of the catastrophic consequences of nuclear weapon detonations which further reinforce the urgency of nuclear disarmament, Emphasizing the compelling evidence, including that presented at the Conferences on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear Weapons, that has detailed the catastrophic consequences that would result from any nuclear weapon detonation, reaching well beyond national borders and also imperilling the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, 4 the lack of capacity of States and international organizations to deal with the aftermath and the risk of an occurrence, including an occurrence due to an accident, systems failure or human error, Noting the strongly disproportionate and gendered impact of exposure to ionizing radiation for women and girls, Welcoming the commemoration and promotion of 26 September as the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, Welcoming also the adoption on 7 July 2017 of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, negotiated by the United Nations conference to negotiate a legally binding instrument to prohibit nuclear weapons, leading towards their total elimination, pursuant to resolution 71/258 of 23 December 2016,5 Underlining the importance of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation education, Reaffirming that transparency, verifiability and irreversibility are cardinal principles applying to nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation, which are mutually reinforcing processes, Recalling the decisions and the resolution adopted at the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,6 the basis upon which the Treaty was indefinitely extended, and the Final __________________ 3 See 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I)), part I, Conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions. 4 See resolution 70/1. 5 A/CONF.229/2017/8. 6 See 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, Part I (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I) and NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I)/Corr.2), annex. Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments A/RES/74/46 3/7 19-21833 Documents of the 2000 7 and the 2010 8 Review Conferences of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and in particular the unequivocal undertaking by the nuclear-weapon States to accomplish the total elimination of their nuclear arsenals, leading to nuclear disarmament, in accordance with commitments made under article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,9 Reaffirming the commitment of all States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to applying the principles of irreversibility, verifiability and transparency in relation to the implementation of their treaty obligations, Recognizing the continued vital importance of the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 10 to the advancement of nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation objectives, Recalling that the total elimination of nuclear weapons is the only absolute guarantee against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons and the legitimate interest of non-nuclear-weapon States in receiving unequivocal and legally binding negative security assurances from nuclear-weapon States pending the total elimination of nuclear weapons, Reaffirming the conviction that, pending the total elimination of nuclear weapons, the establishment and maintenance of nuclear-weapon-free zones enhances global and regional peace and security, strengthens the nuclear non-proliferation regime and contributes towards realizing the objectives of nuclear disarmament, and welcoming the Conferences of States Parties and Signatories to Treaties that Establish Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones and Mongolia, Urging States to continue to make real progress towards strengthening all existing nuclear-weapon-free zones, inter alia, through the ratification of existing treaties and relevant protocols and the withdrawal or revision of any reservations or interpretative declarations contrary to the object and purpose of the treaties establishing such zones, Recalling the encouragement expressed at the 2010 Review Conference for the establishment of further nuclear-weapon-free zones, on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at among the States of the region concerned, reaffirming the expectation that this will be followed by concerted international efforts to create such zones in areas where they do not currently exist, especially in the Middle East, in this context noting with deep disappointment the non-fulfilment of the agreement at the 2010 Review Conference on practical steps to fully implement the 1995 resolution on the Middle East,6 and disappointed that no agreement could be reached at the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on this issue, Acknowledging its decision 73/546 of 22 December 2018, in which it decided to entrust to the Secretary-General the convening of a conference aimed at elaborating a treaty on the establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction, on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at by the States of the region, __________________ 7 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vols. I–III (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I and II), NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Part III) and NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Part IV)). 8 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vols. I–III (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I), NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. II) and NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. III)). 9 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 729, No. 10485. 10 See resolution 50/245 and A/50/1027. A/RES/74/46 Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments 19-21833 4/7 Deeply disappointed at the continued absence of progress towards multilateral nuclear disarmament at the Conference on Disarmament, which has been unable for the past 23 years to agree upon and implement a programme of work, and disappointed that the Disarmament Commission has not produced a substantive outcome on nuclear disarmament since 1999, Deeply regretting the lack of any substantive outcome of the 2015 Review Conference, Disappointed that the 2015 Review Conference missed an opportunity to strengthen the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, enhance progress towards its full implementation and universality and monitor the implementation of commitments made and actions agreed upon at the 1995, 2000 and 2010 Review Conferences, and deeply concerned about the impact of this failure on the Treaty and the balance between its three pillars, Noting with serious concern the rising tensions in international relations and the increased prominence being given by some States to nuclear weapons in their security doctrines, as well as the extensive modernization programmes under way, all of which contribute to the erosion of the disarmament and non-proliferation regime, Noting the third session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, held in New York from 29 April to 10 May 2019, Emphasizing the importance of holding a constructive meeting that results in a substantive outcome at the 2020 Review Conference, urging all Member States to step up their efforts in this regard, and emphasizing also the vital importance of ensuring that the 2020 Review Conference contributes to the strengthening of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and making progress towards achieving its full implementation and universality, and monitors the implementation of commitments made and actions agreed upon at the 1995, 2000 and 2010 Review Conferences, Welcoming that the Russian Federation and the United States of America have completed the nuclear weapon reductions agreed under the Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, while re-emphasizing the encouragement of the 2000 and 2010 Review Conferences to both States to continue discussions on follow-on measures in order to achieve deeper reductions in their nuclear arsenals, and urging in this regard both States to extend this Treaty and conclude negotiations on a successor agreement as soon as possible, Underlining the importance of multilateralism in relation to nuclear disarmament, while recognizing the value of unilateral, bilateral and regional initiatives and the importance of compliance with the terms of these initiatives, 1. Reiterates that each article of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons9 is binding on the States parties at all times and in all circumstances and that all States parties should be held fully accountable with respect to strict compliance with their obligations under the Treaty, and calls upon all States parties to comply fully with all decisions, resolutions and commitments made at the 1995, 2000 and 2010 Review Conferences; 2. Also reiterates the deep concern expressed by the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons at the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons, and the need for all States at all times to comply with applicable international law, including international humanitarian law;3 3. Acknowledges the evidence presented at the Conferences on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear Weapons, and calls upon Member States, in their Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments A/RES/74/46 5/7 19-21833 relevant decisions and actions, to give due prominence to the humanitarian imperatives that underpin nuclear disarmament and to the urgency of achieving this goal; 4. Recalls the reaffirmation of the continued validity of the practical steps agreed to in the Final Document of the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 11 including the specific reaffirmation of the unequivocal undertaking of the nuclear-weapon States to accomplish the total elimination of their nuclear arsenals leading to nuclear disarmament, to which all States parties are committed under article VI of the Treaty, recalls the commitment of the nuclear-weapon States to accelerating concrete progress on the steps leading to nuclear disarmament, and calls upon the nuclear- weapon States to take all steps necessary to accelerate the fulfilment of their commitments; 5. Calls upon the nuclear-weapon States to fulfil their commitment to undertaking further efforts to reduce and ultimately eliminate all types of nuclear weapons, deployed and non-deployed, including through unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures; 6. Urges all States possessing nuclear weapons to decrease the operational readiness of nuclear-weapon systems in a verifiable and transparent manner with a view to ensuring that all nuclear weapons are removed from high alert status; 7. Encourages the nuclear-weapon States to make concrete reductions in the role and significance of nuclear weapons in all military and security concepts, doctrines and policies, pending their total elimination; 8. Encourages all States that are part of regional alliances that include nuclear-weapon States to diminish the role of nuclear weapons in their collective security doctrines, pending their total elimination; 9. Underlines the recognition by States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of the legitimate interest of non-nuclear- weapon States in the constraining by the nuclear-weapon States of the development and qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and their ending the development of advanced new types of nuclear weapons, and calls upon the nuclear-weapon States to take steps in this regard; 10. Notes with concern recent policy statements by nuclear-weapon States relating to the modernization of their nuclear weapon programmes, which undermine their commitments to nuclear disarmament and increase the risk of the use of nuclear weapons and the potential for a new arms race; 11. Encourages further steps by all nuclear-weapon States, in accordance with the previous obligations and commitments on nuclear disarmament, to ensure the irreversible removal of all fissile material designated by each nuclear-weapon State as no longer required for military purposes, and calls upon all States to support, within the context of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the development of appropriate nuclear disarmament verification capabilities and legally binding verification arrangements, thereby ensuring that such material remains permanently outside military programmes in a verifiable manner; 12. Calls upon all States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to work towards the full implementation of the resolution on the Middle East adopted at the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to __________________ 11 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I and II)), part I, section entitled “Article VI and eighth to twelfth preambular paragraphs”, para. 15. A/RES/74/46 Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments 19-21833 6/7 the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,6 which is inextricably linked to the indefinite extension of the Treaty, and expresses disappointment and deep concern at the lack of a substantive outcome of the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, including on the process to establish a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction as contained in the 1995 resolution on the Middle East, which remains valid until fully implemented; 13. Urges the co-sponsors of the 1995 resolution on the Middle East to exert their utmost efforts with a view to ensuring the early establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction as contained in the 1995 resolution on the Middle East, including through support for the convening of the conference on the establishment of such a zone; 14. Stresses the fundamental role of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in achieving nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation, and looks forward to the Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to be held in New York from 27 April to 22 May 2020; 15. Calls upon all States parties to spare no effort to achieve the universality of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and in this regard urges India, Israel and Pakistan to accede to the Treaty as non-nuclear-weapon States promptly and without conditions, and to place all their nuclear facilities under International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards; 16. Notes with encouragement the dialogue and discussions held with the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, including the recent inter-Korean summits, and the summit between the United States of America and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, urges the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to fulfil its commitments, to abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programmes, to return, at an early date, to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and to adhere to its International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards agreement, 12 with a view to achieving the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula in a peaceful manner; 17. Urges all States to work together to overcome obstacles within the international disarmament machinery that are inhibiting efforts to advance the cause of nuclear disarmament in a multilateral context, and once again urges the Conference on Disarmament to commence immediately substantive work that advances the agenda of nuclear disarmament, particularly through multilateral negotiations; 18. Urges all States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to fully implement without delay their obligations and commitments under the Treaty and as agreed to at the 1995, 2000 and 2010 Review Conferences; 19. Also urges all State parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to move forward with urgency in implementing their article VI obligations in order to ensure the good standing of the Treaty and its review process; 20. Urges the nuclear-weapon States to implement their nuclear disarmament obligations and commitments, both qualitative and quantitative, in a manner that enables all States parties to regularly monitor progress, including through a standard detailed reporting format, thereby enhancing confidence and trust not only among the nuclear-weapon States but also between the nuclear-weapon States and the non-nuclear-weapon States and contributing to nuclear disarmament; __________________ 12 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1677, No. 28986. Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments A/RES/74/46 7/7 19-21833 21. Also urges the nuclear-weapon States to include in their reports to be submitted during the 2020 review cycle of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons concrete and detailed information concerning the implementation of their obligations and commitments on nuclear disarmament; 22. Encourages States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to improve the measurability of the implementation of nuclear disarmament obligations and commitments, including through tools such as a set of benchmarks, timelines and/or similar criteria, in order to ensure and facilitate the objective evaluation of progress;13 23. Urges Member States to pursue multilateral negotiations without delay in good faith on effective measures for the achievement and maintenance of a nuclear- weapon-free world, in keeping with the spirit and purpose of General Assembly resolution 1 (I) and article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; 24. Calls upon Member States to continue to support efforts to identify, elaborate, negotiate and implement further effective legally binding measures for nuclear disarmament, and welcomes in this regard the adoption on 7 July 2017 of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons;5 25. Recommends that measures be taken to increase awareness among civil society of the risks and catastrophic impact of any nuclear detonation, including through disarmament education; 26. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fifth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments” and to review the implementation of the present resolution at that session. 46th plenary meeting 12 December 2019 __________________ 13 See NPT/CONF.2020/PC.I/WP.13.
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A/RES/74/61
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 12 December 2019 [on the report of the First Committee (A/74/368)] 74/61. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 54/54 B of 1 December 1999, 55/33 V of 20 November 2000, 56/24 M of 29 November 2001, 57/74 of 22 November 2002, 58/53 of 8 December 2003, 59/84 of 3 December 2004, 60/80 of 8 December 2005, 61/84 of 6 December 2006, 62/41 of 5 December 2007, 63/42 of 2 December 2008, 64/56 of 2 December 2009, 65/48 of 8 December 2010, 66/29 of 2 December 2011, 67/32 of 3 December 2012, 68/30 of 5 December 2013, 69/34 of 2 December 2014, 70/55 of 7 December 2015, 71/34 of 5 December 2016, 72/53 of 4 December 2017 and 73/61 of 5 December 2018, Reaffirming its determination to put an end to the suffering and casualties caused by anti-personnel mines, which kill or injure thousands of people – women, girls, boys and men – every year, and which place people living in affected areas at risk and hinder the development of their communities, Believing it necessary to do the utmost to contribute in an efficient and coordinated manner to facing the challenge of removing anti-personnel mines placed throughout the world and to assure their destruction, Wishing to do the utmost to ensure assistance for the care and rehabilitation, including the social and economic reintegration, of mine victims, Noting with satisfaction the work undertaken to implement the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel A/RES/74/61 Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction 19-21860 2/3 Mines and on Their Destruction 1 and the substantial progress made towards addressing the global anti-personnel landmine problem, Recalling the first to seventeenth meetings of the States parties to the Convention, held in Maputo (1999), Geneva (2000), Managua (2001), Geneva (2002), Bangkok (2003), Zagreb (2005), Geneva (2006), the Dead Sea (2007), Geneva (2008 and 2010), Phnom Penh (2011), Geneva (2012, 2013 and 2015), Santiago (2016), Vienna (2017) and Geneva (2018), and the First, Second and Third Review Conferences of the States Parties to the Convention, held in Nairobi (2004), Cartagena, Colombia (2009), and Maputo (2014), Recalling also that, at the Third Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention, the international community reviewed the implementation of the Convention and the States parties adopted a declaration and an action plan for the period 2014–2019 to support the enhanced implementation and promotion of the Convention, Underlining the importance of cooperation and assistance in the implementation of the Convention, including through the so-called individualized approach, which offers mine-affected countries a platform for presenting their challenges, Stressing the need to take into account gender aspects in mine action, Noting with satisfaction that 164 States have ratified or acceded to the Convention and have formally accepted the obligations of the Convention, Emphasizing the desirability of attracting the adherence of all States to the Convention, and determined to work strenuously towards the promotion of its universalization and norms, Noting with regret that anti-personnel mines continue to be used in some conflicts around the world, causing human suffering and impeding post-conflict development, 1. Invites all States that have not signed the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction1 to accede to it without delay; 2. Urges the one remaining State that has signed but has not ratified the Convention to ratify it without delay; 3. Stresses the importance of the full and effective implementation of and compliance with the Convention, including through the continued implementation of the action plans under the Convention; 4. Expresses strong concern regarding the use of anti-personnel mines in various parts of the world, including use highlighted in recent allegations, reports and documented evidence; 5. Urges all States parties to provide the Secretary-General with complete and timely information as required under article 7 of the Convention in order to promote transparency and compliance with the Convention; 6. Invites all States that have not ratified the Convention or acceded to it to provide, on a voluntary basis, information to make global mine action efforts more effective; 7. Renews its call upon all States and other relevant parties to work together to promote, support and advance the care, rehabilitation and social and economic reintegration of mine victims, mine risk education programmes and the removal and destruction of anti-personnel mines placed or stockpiled throughout the world; __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2056, No. 35597. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction A/RES/74/61 3/3 19-21860 8. Urges all States to remain seized of the issue at the highest political level and, where in a position to do so, to promote adherence to the Convention through bilateral, subregional, regional and multilateral contacts, outreach, seminars and other means; 9. Invites and encourages all interested States, the United Nations, other relevant international organizations or institutions, regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross and relevant non-governmental organizations to attend the Fourth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention, to be held in Oslo from 25 to 29 November 2019, and to participate in the future programme of meetings of the States parties to the Convention; 10. Requests the Secretary-General, in accordance with article 12, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to undertake the preparations necessary to convene the Eighteenth Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention and, on behalf of the States parties and in accordance with article 12, paragraph 3, of the Convention, to invite States not parties to the Convention, as well as the United Nations, other relevant international organizations or institutions, regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross and relevant non-governmental organizations, to attend the Eighteenth Meeting of the States Parties as observers; 11. Calls upon States parties and States participating in meetings to address issues arising from outstanding dues and to proceed promptly with the payment of their share of the estimated costs; 12. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fifth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction”.
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A/RES/74/7
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 November 2019 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/74/L.6)] 74/7. Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States of America against Cuba The General Assembly, Determined to encourage strict compliance with the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming, among other principles, the sovereign equality of States, non-intervention and non-interference in their internal affairs and freedom of international trade and navigation, which are also enshrined in many international legal instruments, Recalling the statements of the Heads of State or Government of Latin America and the Caribbean at the Summits of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States regarding the need to put an end to the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed against Cuba, Concerned about the continued promulgation and application by Member States of laws and regulations, such as that promulgated on 12 March 1996 known as “the Helms-Burton Act”, the extraterritorial effects of which affect the sovereignty of other States, the legitimate interests of entities or persons under their jurisdiction and the freedom of trade and navigation, Taking note of declarations and resolutions of different intergovernmental forums, bodies and Governments that express the rejection by the international community and public opinion of the promulgation and application of measures of the kind referred to above, A/RES/74/7 19-19266 2/2 Recalling its resolutions 47/19 of 24 November 1992, 48/16 of 3 November 1993, 49/9 of 26 October 1994, 50/10 of 2 November 1995, 51/17 of 12 November 1996, 52/10 of 5 November 1997, 53/4 of 14 October 1998, 54/21 of 9 November 1999, 55/20 of 9 November 2000, 56/9 of 27 November 2001, 57/11 of 12 November 2002, 58/7 of 4 November 2003, 59/11 of 28 October 2004, 60/12 of 8 November 2005, 61/11 of 8 November 2006, 62/3 of 30 October 2007, 63/7 of 29 October 2008, 64/6 of 28 October 2009, 65/6 of 26 October 2010, 66/6 of 25 October 2011, 67/4 of 13 November 2012, 68/8 of 29 October 2013, 69/5 of 28 October 2014, 70/5 of 27 October 2015, 71/5 of 26 October 2016, 72/4 of 1 November 2017 and 73/8 of 1 November 2018, Recalling also the measures adopted by the Executive of the United States of America in 2015 and 2016 to modify several aspects of the application of the embargo, which contrast with the measures applied since 2017 to reinforce its implementation, Concerned that, since the adoption of its resolutions 47/19, 48/16, 49/9, 50/10, 51/17, 52/10, 53/4, 54/21, 55/20, 56/9, 57/11, 58/7, 59/11, 60/12, 61/11, 62/3, 63/7, 64/6, 65/6, 66/6, 67/4, 68/8, 69/5, 70/5, 71/5, 72/4 and 73/8, the economic, commercial and financial embargo against Cuba is still in place, and concerned also about the adverse effects of such measures on the Cuban people and on Cuban nationals living in other countries, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 73/8;1 2. Reiterates its call upon all States to refrain from promulgating and applying laws and measures of the kind referred to in the preamble to the present resolution, in conformity with their obligations under the Charter of the United Nations and international law, which, inter alia, reaffirm the freedom of trade and navigation; 3. Once again urges States that have and continue to apply such laws and measures to take the steps necessary to repeal or invalidate them as soon as possible in accordance with their legal regime; 4. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the appropriate organs and agencies of the United Nations system, to prepare a report on the implementation of the present resolution in the light of the purposes and principles of the Charter and international law and to submit it to the General Assembly at its seventy-fifth session; 5. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fifth session the item entitled “Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States of America against Cuba”. 28th plenary meeting 7 November 2019 __________________ 1 A/74/91/Rev.1.
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A/RES/74/9
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 November 2019 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/74/L.13 and A/74/L.13/Add.1)] 74/9. The situation in Afghanistan The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 73/88 of 6 December 2018 and all its previous relevant resolutions, Recalling also all relevant Security Council resolutions and statements by the President of the Council on the situation in Afghanistan, in particular resolutions 2189 (2014) of 12 December 2014, 2210 (2015) of 16 March 2015, 2274 (2016) of 15 March 2016, 2344 (2017) of 17 March 2017, 2405 (2018) of 8 March 2018 and 2489 (2019) of 17 September 2019, Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national unity of Afghanistan, and respecting its multicultural, multi-ethnic and historical heritage, Welcoming the efforts by Afghanistan in the framework of the Transformation Decade (2015–2024) to consolidate its sovereignty through strengthening a fully functioning, sustainable State in the service of its people, with the goal of becoming fully self-reliant, Recalling the importance of the development of the institutions of the Government of Afghanistan, including at the subnational level, the strengthening of the rule of law, democratic processes and civil society, the fight against corruption, the continuation of justice sector reform, the promotion of the peace process, including women’s full and meaningful participation in the peace process, without prejudice to the fulfilment of the measures introduced by the Security Council in its relevant resolutions, in particular resolutions 1267 (1999) of 15 October 1999 and 1988 (2011) of 17 June 2011, and of an Afghan-led transitional justice process, the safe, voluntary, dignified and sustainable return of Afghan refugees and internally displaced persons, the promotion and protection of all human rights, including the A/RES/74/9 The situation in Afghanistan 19-20508 2/16 rights of women and girls, interfaith and intrafaith tolerance and the advancement of economic and social development, Reaffirming the long-term partnership between the Government of Afghanistan and the international community based on their renewed mutual commitments, as laid down in the Geneva Mutual Accountability Framework, as agreed upon at the Geneva Conference on Afghanistan held on 27 and 28 November 2018, and recalling the long- term commitment of the international community to Afghanistan, reaffirmed at the Geneva Conference, with the aim of continuing to strengthen national ownership and leadership, Reaffirming also the commitment of the international community to continuing to support the training, equipping, financing and development of the capacity of the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces, including as agreed upon in the Summit Declarations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization on Afghanistan, and honouring the memory of the men and women of the Afghan and international security forces who have given their lives in the course of duty, Reiterating its serious concern about the security situation in Afghanistan and the urgent need to tackle the challenges facing the country, in particular the region- based violence, attacks and all forms of terrorist and criminal activities and violent extremist activities of the Taliban, including the Haqqani Network, as well as Al-Qaida, Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) (Da’esh) and their affiliates, in particular ISIL-Khorasan Province, and other terrorist groups, and foreign terrorist fighters, Expressing its deep concern about the continuing high level of violence in Afghanistan, especially the number of civilian casualties, including the continuing high number of women and children killed and maimed, urging an immediate reduction in current levels of violence, condemning in the strongest terms all terrorist activity and all violent and unlawful attacks and killings, recalling that the Taliban, including the Haqqani Network, as well as Al-Qaida, Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) (Da’esh) and their affiliates, in particular ISIL-Khorasan Province, and other terrorist groups, and foreign terrorist fighters, are responsible for the significant majority of the civilian casualties, including those involving humanitarian and medical personnel, in Afghanistan, calling for compliance with international humanitarian law and international human rights law, as applicable, calling upon all parties to armed conflict to take all measures necessary and appropriate to ensure respect for and the protection of civilians and humanitarian and medical personnel, as well as aid and humanitarian and medical facilities, and urging that credible reports of civilian casualties be thoroughly investigated and steps taken to avoid such incidents, Welcoming the efforts made by the Government of Afghanistan to promote an Afghan-led and Afghan-owned peace process, and calling upon the Taliban to respond to the call for peace from the people and the Government of Afghanistan, Welcoming also the achievements of the National Unity Government in political, economic, governance and social reforms and in the management of the transition, underlining the need to preserve past achievements, and urging further improvement in this regard, in particular to address poverty and the delivery of services, stimulate economic growth, create employment opportunities, tackle corruption, enhance transparency, increase domestic revenue and promote and implement commitments on human rights, especially women’s full and equal enjoyment of these rights, the rights of the child, the rights of persons belonging to minorities and the freedom of expression and opinion, as envisaged in the Constitution of Afghanistan, including for journalists and in accordance with obligations under international law, The situation in Afghanistan A/RES/74/9 3/16 19-20508 Emphasizing the important role of regional cooperation to promote long-term peace, security, prosperity, sustainable development and human rights in Afghanistan, Welcoming the inauguration of the new parliament on 26 April 2019, noting the holding of the presidential election on 28 September 2019, which marked another important step towards the consolidation of democracy in the country, commending the people of Afghanistan for their courage and determination in defying terrorism and violence to take part in that national process, as well as the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces for the effective manner in which they provided security for the elections, and condemning in the strongest terms all terrorist activity and violent attacks aimed at disrupting the elections, Emphasizing the central and impartial role of the United Nations in promoting peace and stability in Afghanistan, expressing its appreciation and strong support for all the efforts of the Secretary-General and his Special Representative for Afghanistan in this regard, expressing its appreciation also for the work of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan in accordance with Security Council resolution 2489 (2019), and stressing the important role of the Assistance Mission in seeking to further improve the coherence and coordination of international civilian efforts, based on the “One United Nations” approach and guided by the principle of reinforcing Afghan ownership and leadership, Recalling with appreciation the visit of the Security Council to Kabul in January 2018 in the context of peace and security, and welcoming the joint high-level visit by the Deputy Secretary-General and other senior United Nations officials to Afghanistan in July 2019 in the context of women and peace and security, Welcoming also the reports of the Secretary-General and the recommendations contained therein,1 1. Pledges its continued support to the Government and people of Afghanistan as they rebuild a stable, secure and economically self-sufficient State, free of terrorism and narcotics, and strengthen the foundations of a constitutional democracy as a responsible member of the international community; 2. Encourages all partners to constructively support the reform agenda of the Government of Afghanistan, as envisaged in the Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework and the Geneva Mutual Accountability Framework, so as to secure a prosperous and democratic Afghanistan, focusing on strengthening the constitutional checks and balances that guarantee citizens’ rights and obligations and implementing structural reform to enable an accountable and effective Government to deliver concrete progress to its people; 3. Supports the continuing and growing ownership of reconstruction and development efforts by the Government of Afghanistan, emphasizes the crucial need to achieve ownership and accountability in all fields of governance and to improve institutional capabilities, including at the subnational level, in order to use aid more effectively, and reiterates in this regard the importance of effectively implementing mutual commitments of the Government of Afghanistan and the international community on a reciprocal basis, as underscored in the Geneva Mutual Accountability Framework; 4. Notes that the funding commitments made at the Brussels Conference on Afghanistan will end in 2020, and underlines, in the light of the continued acute development and humanitarian needs, the necessity for a ministerial pledging conference to be held in late 2020 to set frameworks both for sustained assistance for __________________ 1 A/71/682-S/2016/1049, A/71/826-S/2017/189, A/71/932-S/2017/508, A/72/392-S/2017/783, A/73/374/Rev.1-S/2018/824/Rev.1 and A/74/348-S/2019/703. A/RES/74/9 The situation in Afghanistan 19-20508 4/16 the remainder of the Transformation Decade (2015–2024) to address this need and for future donor assistance to Afghanistan beyond 2024; 5. Recalls with appreciation the adoption of the Geneva Mutual Accountability Framework, as reflected in the communiqué adopted at the international Geneva Conference on Afghanistan, which underscores the importance of effectively implementing mutual commitments of the Government of Afghanistan and the international community on a reciprocal basis; 6. Emphasizes that threats to stability and development in Afghanistan and the region require closer and more coordinated cooperation as well as greater coherence and complementarity of approach between countries of the region and the international community, for the long-term peace, security, prosperity and sustainable development of the country, and underscores in this regard the standing of Afghanistan as a platform for such international cooperation; Security 7. Recognizes the commitment of the international community to supporting the training, equipping, financing and development of capacity-building for the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces throughout the Transformation Decade (2015–2024), as agreed upon most recently in the Brussels Summit Declaration in 2018, including through the Resolute Support Mission, as welcomed by the Security Council in its resolution 2189 (2014); 8. Welcomes the pledges and commitments made, most recently at the Brussels Summit of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, held on 11 and 12 July 2018, to continuing national contributions to the financial sustainment of the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces until the end of 2024, to sustaining the Resolute Support Mission and to continuing to deliver training, advice and assistance to the Afghan security institutions, including the police, the air force and special operations forces; 9. Recognizes the positive impact and ongoing importance of commitments made by the European Union as part of the continued international support for security, development and stability in Afghanistan; 10. Reiterates once again its serious concern about the security situation in Afghanistan, stresses the need to continue to address the threat to the security and stability of Afghanistan caused by the region-based violent extremist and other illegal armed groups and criminals, including those involved in the narcotics trade, the Taliban, including the Haqqani Network, as well as Al-Qaida, Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) (Da’esh) and their affiliates, in particular ISIL-Khorasan Province, and other terrorist groups, and foreign terrorist fighters, expresses concern about the serious threat posed by the presence of foreign terrorist fighters, reiterates in this regard its call for the full and serious implementation of measures and the application of procedures introduced in relevant Security Council resolutions, in particular resolutions 1267 (1999), 1988 (2011), 1989 (2011) of 17 June 2011, 2082 (2012) and 2083 (2012) of 17 December 2012, 2160 (2014) and 2161 (2014) of 17 June 2014, 2253 (2015) of 17 December 2015, 2255 (2015) of 21 December 2015 and 2368 (2017) of 20 July 2017, and calls upon all States to strengthen their international and regional cooperation to enhance information-sharing, border control, law enforcement and criminal justice to better counter the threat posed by foreign terrorist fighters and returning foreign terrorist fighters in Afghanistan and the region; 11. Expresses its serious concern regarding the presence of terrorist organizations, such as Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) (Da’esh) and its The situation in Afghanistan A/RES/74/9 5/16 19-20508 affiliates, in particular ISIL-Khorasan Province, and other terrorist groups, and foreign terrorist fighters, and the increased number of cowardly and heinous terrorist attacks for which they have claimed responsibility, including killings of Afghan nationals, and their deplorable attempts to undermine relations between communities, posing a serious threat to the security of Afghanistan and the countries of the region, commends the progress of the Government of Afghanistan in combating these threats in the country, calls for enhanced regional cooperation in the fight against these groups, and affirms its support for continued efforts in this regard; 12. Condemns in the strongest terms all unlawful acts of violence, intimidation and attacks, including improvised explosive device attacks, suicide attacks, assassinations, including of public figures, abductions, indiscriminate attacks against civilians, violence perpetrated against women and children and sexual and gender- based violence, killings, attacks against individuals, media groups and organs of society engaged in the promotion and protection of universally recognized human rights, attacks against development aid, humanitarian and medical personnel and civilian infrastructure facilities, including schools, health clinics and hospitals, as such, and the targeting of Afghan and international forces, which have a deleterious effect on stabilization and development efforts in Afghanistan, and condemns the use of civilians as human shields, as well as Taliban attacks and acts of international terrorists; 13. Stresses the need for the Government of Afghanistan and the international community to continue to work closely together and to improve coordination in countering such acts, which are threatening peace and stability in Afghanistan and the democratic process, the achievements and the continued implementation of the development process in Afghanistan, as well as humanitarian aid measures, recognizes the achievements of the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces in this regard, and calls upon all Member States, in particular neighbouring countries, to deny those groups any form of sanctuary, freedom of operations, movement, recruitment and financial, material or political support; 14. Welcomes the assumption of full security responsibility by the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces, commends the resilience and courage displayed in this regard, calls upon the international community to provide the support necessary to increase security, including public order, law enforcement, the security of Afghanistan’s borders and the preservation of the constitutional rights of Afghan citizens, as well as to provide continued support by training, equipping and contributing to the financing of the Forces to take on the task of securing their country and fighting against terrorism, and underscores the importance of all the Summit Declarations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization on Afghanistan and other relevant agreements with regional and international partners; 15. Also welcomes, in this regard, the presence of the Resolute Support Mission, expresses its appreciation to Member States for having contributed personnel, equipment and other resources to the Mission and for the support provided to the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces by all international partners, in particular by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization through its previous combat and current non-combat missions in Afghanistan, as well as other bilateral training programmes, and encourages further coordination, where appropriate; 16. Further welcomes the commitment of the Government of Afghanistan, with a view to ensuring stability and providing conditions for the effective rule of law and respect for human rights for all, including women’s full and equal enjoyment of these rights, to continuing its security sector reform by making the security provision, management and oversight of the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces more effective and accountable, welcomes in this regard the progress being made in the A/RES/74/9 The situation in Afghanistan 19-20508 6/16 Afghan national security institutions, as presented at the Geneva Conference on Afghanistan, and expresses its appreciation for the support that States have provided to the Forces; 17. Recalls that regional security cooperation plays a key role in maintaining stability in Afghanistan and the region, welcomes the progress achieved by Afghanistan and regional partners in this regard, calls for further efforts by Afghanistan and regional partners and organizations, including the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, to strengthen their partnership and cooperation, takes note of the discussion related to Afghanistan at the meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization held in Bishkek on 13 and 14 June 2019, and in this regard also takes note of the meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization-Afghanistan Contact Group held in Bishkek on 19 April 2019; 18. Welcomes the efforts of the United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy for Central Asia to address regional security cooperation, including its holding of a preventive diplomacy academy and cross-border workshop with Afghan participants, 19. Remains deeply concerned about the persistent problem of anti-personnel landmines, explosive remnants of war and improvised explosive devices, welcomes the achievements to date in the implementation of the Mine Action Programme for Afghanistan, aimed at declaring Afghanistan mine-free by 2023, underscores the importance of sustained international assistance, encourages the Government of Afghanistan, with the support of the United Nations and all relevant actors, to continue its efforts to meet its responsibilities under the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, 2 expresses concern at the use of improvised explosive devices by the Taliban against civilians and the Afghan security forces, and notes the need to enhance coordination and information-sharing between both Member States and the private sector to prevent the flow of improvised explosive device components to the Taliban; Peace and reconciliation 20. Recognizes that an Afghan-led and Afghan-owned inclusive peace process backed by regional actors, in particular Pakistan, and supported by the international community, is essential for achieving long-term peace and stability in Afghanistan, reiterating its firm commitment to supporting the Government of Afghanistan in its efforts in this regard, and that, to be successful, a political solution must ensure the renunciation of violence and the breaking of all ties to international terrorism, protect the human rights of all, including women, children and persons belonging to minorities, in accordance with international law and as enshrined in the Constitution of Afghanistan, and build a peaceful Afghanistan, with full respect for the implementation of the measures and application of the procedures introduced by the Security Council in its resolutions 1267 (1999), 1988 (2011), 2082 (2012), 2160 (2014) and 2255 (2015), as well as other relevant resolutions of the Council, calls upon all relevant States, especially neighbouring countries, and international organizations to remain engaged in the Afghan-led and Afghan-owned peace process, and recognizes the impact that terrorist attacks have on the Afghan people, while underlining that such acts should not hinder efforts to achieve a peace settlement; 21. Welcomes the efforts made by the Government of Afghanistan to begin direct negotiations within the framework of a comprehensive peace plan, as laid out in the declaration of the consultative peace loya jirga held from 29 April to 3 May __________________ 2 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2056, No. 35597. The situation in Afghanistan A/RES/74/9 7/16 19-20508 2019, 3 calls upon the Taliban to accept this offer without any preconditions and without the threat of violence, and calls for the resumption of the peace process, for the continuation of the intra-Afghan dialogue and for the start of inclusive direct talks of the Government of Afghanistan and the Taliban, with the aim of agreeing on a political settlement that leads to sustainable peace for the people of Afghanistan; 22. Encourages Afghanistan and Pakistan to enhance their relationship, which could lead to cooperation to combat terrorism effectively and move forward the Afghan-led and Afghan-owned peace process, and to effectively implement the Afghanistan-Pakistan Action Plan for Peace and Solidarity as an important mechanism of cooperation; 23. Recalls that women play a vital role in the peace process, as recognized by the Security Council in its resolution 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000 and in related resolutions, including resolution 2242 (2015) of 13 October 2015, welcomes the steps taken by the Government of Afghanistan in implementing its national action plan on women, peace and security and in enhancing the role of women in the peace process, as manifested in their contribution to the development of the Afghanistan peace and reconciliation strategy, and encourages the Government of Afghanistan to further implement the women and peace and security agenda, including by supporting the full and meaningful participation of women, locally and at the highest level, in peace and transition; 24. Recognizes that there is no purely military solution to ensure the stability of Afghanistan and that sustainable peace can be achieved only through a negotiated political settlement that includes the Government of Afghanistan, calls for an immediate halt to unlawful violence to create an environment conducive to peace negotiations, welcomes the efforts made by the Government of Afghanistan, including the convening of the second meeting of the Kabul Process for Peace and Security Cooperation and the convening of the consultative peace loya jirga, as well as all other ongoing efforts to initiate a peace process in Afghanistan with Afghan-led and Afghan-owned negotiations inclusive of both the Government and civil society at its core, and commends the role of the Ulama of Afghanistan, Pakistan and Indonesia in advancing the peace process by sending a message of peace through the Trilateral Ulama Conference; 25. Calls upon all Afghan, regional and international parties to continue to support these peace efforts to include the effective and meaningful participation of women and to safeguard and further consolidate the achievements with regard to State-building, social, political and economic reforms and the implementation of obligations and commitments relating to fundamental freedoms and human rights in Afghanistan, especially those of women and children; 26. Notes the work of regional and international partners and formats, including the Quadrilateral Coordination Group, the International Contact Group on Afghanistan, the Tashkent dialogue consultations, the Moscow format consultations and the intra-Afghan dialogue, including the dialogues held in Doha and in Moscow, to facilitate Afghan-led and Afghan-owned efforts towards direct peace talks between the Government of Afghanistan and the Taliban, and calls upon all regional and international partners of Afghanistan to continue their efforts, recognizing that success can be achieved only through the unified and close coordination of efforts under the leadership and ownership of the Government of Afghanistan; __________________ 3 S/2019/410, annex. A/RES/74/9 The situation in Afghanistan 19-20508 8/16 Democracy 27. Emphasizes the importance of all parties in Afghanistan working together to achieve a unified, peaceful, democratic and prosperous future for all the people of Afghanistan; 28. Recalls the commitment and welcomes the efforts of the Government of Afghanistan to improving and reforming the electoral process in Afghanistan and the holding of presidential elections on 28 September 2019, condemns in the strongest terms all terrorist activity and violent attacks aimed at disrupting the elections, commends the commitment shown by Afghans in exercising their right to vote and their belief in democracy, emphasizes the important role of the independent Afghan electoral institutions in upholding the integrity of the electoral process, including by clearly communicating their decisions to all stakeholders, urges all stakeholders to support the elections commissioners in delivering an election result that is credible and transparent, and calls upon the Government of Afghanistan and its institutions, including the Independent Election Commission and the Electoral Complaints Commission, to ensure that future elections are credible and transparent by building on the lessons learned in 2019 and continuing to implement the electoral reforms and further technical and operational improvements necessary to strengthen voter trust and confidence; 29. Welcomes the increasingly wide and comprehensive dialogue on the political transition towards strengthening the unity of the Afghan people, and underscores its importance for consolidating democracy and Afghan political stability; 30. Calls upon the Government of Afghanistan to continue to effectively reform the public administration sector in order to implement the rule of law and to ensure good governance and accountability, and welcomes the commitments, efforts and progress made by the Government in this regard; Rule of law, human rights and good governance 31. Emphasizes that the rule of law, human rights and good governance form the foundation for the achievement of a stable and prosperous Afghanistan; 32. Recalls the constitutional guarantee of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all Afghans, without discrimination of any kind, stresses the need to fully implement the human rights provisions of the Constitution of Afghanistan, in accordance with obligations under applicable international law, in particular those regarding the full enjoyment by women, children, persons with disabilities and persons belonging to ethnic and religious minorities of their human rights, and acknowledges efforts of the Government of Afghanistan in this regard; 33. Recognizes the membership of Afghanistan in the Human Rights Council, and welcomes the commitment and responsibility assumed in upholding and promoting human rights at the national, regional and international levels, within the framework of relevant international human rights instruments to which it is a party; 34. Reiterates its concern at the destructive consequences of violent and terrorist activities, including against persons belonging to ethnic and religious minorities, for the enjoyment of human rights and for the capacity of the Government to ensure human rights and fundamental freedoms for all Afghans, and stresses the need to further promote tolerance and to ensure respect for the right to freedom of expression, including for journalists, and the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief as enshrined in the Constitution of Afghanistan and the international covenants to which Afghanistan is a party; The situation in Afghanistan A/RES/74/9 9/16 19-20508 35. Emphasizes the necessity of investigating allegations of current and past violations, and stresses the importance of facilitating the provision of efficient and effective remedies to the victims and of bringing the perpetrators to justice in accordance with national and international law; 36. Calls for the full implementation of the Mass Media Law, while noting with concern and condemning the continuing intimidation and violence targeting Afghan journalists, such as cases of abduction and even the killing of journalists by terrorist and violent extremist and criminal groups, and urges that the harassment of and attacks on journalists be investigated by Afghan authorities and that those responsible be brought to justice; 37. Reiterates its unwavering commitment and that of the Government of Afghanistan to the promotion and protection of women’s full enjoyment of human rights in Afghanistan, in particular the achievement of equality between men and women, the full and equal participation of women in all spheres of Afghan life, the eradication of sexual and gender-based violence, including against children, and the provision of humanitarian responses that are principled and targeted towards the individuals most in need, including by offering psychosocial support and seeking to end all forms of gender-based violence; 38. Commends the achievements and efforts of the Government aimed at increasing women’s participation in policymaking and decision-making, countering discrimination and protecting and promoting the equal rights of women and men consistent with its international obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women4 and pursuant to the Constitution of Afghanistan, the National Action Plan for the Women of Afghanistan, the Afghan national action plan on women, peace and security, the Law on the Elimination of Violence against Women and the national strategy to prevent violence against women; 39. Welcomes recent measures taken by the Government of Afghanistan towards the protection of women’s and girls’ full and equal enjoyment of human rights, including the establishment of a special secretariat within the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission to investigate allegations of harassment of women in government institutions and the appointment of women ambassadors, deputy ministers, human rights commissioners and heads of electoral bodies and a woman Inspector General; 40. Emphasizes the need to ensure respect for the rights of the child and their fundamental freedoms in Afghanistan and to prevent grave human rights violations and abuses against children as a result of the ongoing armed conflict, condemns the continued recruitment and use of child soldiers, including sexual violence and sexual exploitation, recalls the need for the full implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child,5 its Optional Protocol on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography6 and its Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict 7 by all States parties, as well as of Security Council resolution 1612 (2005) of 26 July 2005, and all other subsequent resolutions on children and armed conflict, and Council resolutions 1998 (2011) of 12 July 2011 and 2286 (2016) of 3 May 2016 on attacks against schools and hospitals, in particular by terrorist and violent extremist and criminal groups, commends the Government of Afghanistan for implementing the law on the protection of child rights, adopting a new Penal Code that envisages punishment for the perpetrators of crimes against children, including of bacha bazi, for introducing legislation banning the recruitment and use of child __________________ 4 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378. 5 Ibid., vol. 1577, No. 27531. 6 Ibid., vol. 2171, No. 27531. 7 Ibid., vol. 2173, No. 27531. A/RES/74/9 The situation in Afghanistan 19-20508 10/16 soldiers and for establishing, equipping, staffing, training and providing adequate oversight of local child protection units; 41. Welcomes the progress made in the implementation of the action plan for the prevention of underage recruitment, signed in January 2011, and the annex thereto on children associated with the Afghan National Defence and Security Forces, and of the road map towards compliance, as well as the signing in 2017 of a child protection policy to protect children from the effects of armed conflict, as reflected in the seventh report of the Government of Afghanistan on the implementation of the Joint Action Plan on Children and Armed Conflict, released in April 2019, continues to call for an end to the recruitment and use of children by all parties within all ranks, and stresses the need to refrain from detaining children on national security-related charges and the importance of considering children primarily as victims; 42. Recalls Security Council resolutions 2250 (2015) of 9 December 2015 on the maintenance of international peace and security and 2419 (2018) of 6 June 2018 on youth, peace and security, in which the Council reaffirmed the important role that youth can play in the prevention and resolution of conflicts, welcomes the appointment of Afghanistan’s youth representative to the United Nations, recognizes in this regard the efforts of the Government of Afghanistan in enhancing the representation of youth for the prevention and resolution of conflict, and encourages continued efforts in this regard; 43. Reiterates its appreciation for the anti-corruption commitment made by the Government of Afghanistan, welcomes in this respect the reform efforts of the Government, including the adoption of a law protecting whistle-blowers, the revision of the access to information law, the continuation of reform measures in the civil service through the successful completion of merit-based recruitment for 11,500 teaching positions and 6,500 entry-level civil servant positions in the capital and provinces, the establishment of the National High Council for Rule of Law and Anti- Corruption, the Anti-Corruption Justice Centre and the National Procurement Commission, the adoption of the updated Afghanistan National Strategy for Combating Corruption at the end of 2018, the enactment of the revised Penal Code and the anti-corruption law of 2018 and the finalization of anti-corruption action plans for various ministries as measures taken by the Government to implement its comprehensive reform agenda, strengthen governance and achieve a more effective, accountable and transparent administration at the national, provincial and local levels of government, takes note in this regard of the progress made thus far against the benchmarks of its comprehensive reform agenda presented and endorsed at the third Senior Officials Meeting and at the Geneva Conference on Afghanistan, urges the Government of Afghanistan to take continued decisive action and accelerate implementation, promote the rule of law and address impunity for corruption, and establish a more effective, accountable and transparent administration at the national, provincial and local levels of government in order to create conditions for sustained future peace; 44. Calls upon the international community to support the efforts of Afghanistan to meet governance objectives in this regard; Counter-narcotics 45. Welcomes the efforts of the Government of Afghanistan in fighting drug production in Afghanistan, including recent law enforcement operations aimed at seizing, dismantling and destroying drug stockpiles and laboratories, as reflected in the report of the Secretary-General, 8 encourages international and regional __________________ 8 A/74/348-S/2019/703. The situation in Afghanistan A/RES/74/9 11/16 19-20508 cooperation with Afghanistan in its sustained efforts to address illicit drug production and trafficking, recognizes the threat posed by illicit drug production, trade and trafficking to international peace and stability in different regions of the world, and the important role played by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in this regard, expresses its continued deep concern at the serious harm that opium cultivation, production and trafficking continue to cause to the security, development and governance of Afghanistan, as well as to the region and beyond, and that such activities can also significantly contribute to the financial resources of terrorist groups, as reflected in the report of the Office entitled Afghanistan Opium Survey 2018: Challenges to Sustainable Development, Peace and Security, released on 30 July 2019; 46. Stresses the importance of a comprehensive and balanced approach in addressing the drug problem of Afghanistan, which, to be effective, must be integrated into the wider context of efforts carried out in the areas of security, governance, the rule of law, human rights, public health and economic and social development, in particular in rural areas, including the development of improved alternative livelihood programmes; 47. Notes with great concern the strong nexus between drug trafficking and the terrorist activities of the Taliban, including the Haqqani Network, as well as Al-Qaida, Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) (Da’esh) and their affiliates, in particular ISIL-Khorasan Province, and other terrorist groups, and foreign terrorist fighters, which pose a serious threat to security, the rule of law and development in Afghanistan and the region, and stresses the importance of the full implementation of all relevant Security Council resolutions in this regard, including resolutions 2255 (2015) and 2368 (2017), and in this regard emphasizes the need for the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1988 (2011) and the Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) to continue to pay attention to the linkages between the proceeds of organized crime, inter alia, the illicit production of and trafficking in drugs and their chemical precursors and the financing, respectively, of the Taliban, including the Haqqani Network, and of ISIL (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities; 48. Calls upon the international community to continue to assist the Government of Afghanistan in its National Drug Control Strategy and National Drug Action Plan, calls for such efforts to eliminate the cultivation and production of, trafficking in and consumption of illicit drugs, increase support for Afghan law enforcement and criminal justice agencies, agricultural and rural development for the creation of improved alternative, licit livelihoods for farmers and demand reduction support, increase public awareness of counter-narcotics issues and build the capacity of drug control institutions and care and treatment centres for drug users, reiterates its call upon the international community to channel counter-narcotics funding through the Government of Afghanistan, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and other relevant organizations and mechanisms to the extent possible, notes that the problem of the production, cultivation, trafficking and consumption of narcotic drugs, as well as the problem of precursors, should be addressed on the basis of the principle of common and shared responsibility of the Government and the international community, and welcomes and supports relevant international and regional projects and activities, including those carried out by Afghanistan, Iran (Islamic Republic of) and Pakistan within the framework of the triangular initiative to counter narcotics, as well as the Paris Pact initiative,9 stresses the need to further strengthen joint, coordinated and resolute efforts by the Government, supported by the international community and regional partners, to intensify sustained efforts to __________________ 9 See S/2003/641, annex. A/RES/74/9 The situation in Afghanistan 19-20508 12/16 address drug production and trafficking through a balanced and integrated approach, in accordance with the principle of common and shared responsibility in addressing the drug problem of Afghanistan, and welcomes the holding of the Joint Regional Conference on Counter-Terrorism and Counter-Narcotics in Almaty, Kazakhstan, on 22 July 2019, within the framework of the Heart of Asia-Istanbul Process on Regional Security and Cooperation for a Secure and Stable Afghanistan; Social and economic development 49. Recalls the position of Afghanistan as the top improver in the World Bank Doing Business 2019 report and the work of the Government of Afghanistan in implementing reforms to improve the business regulatory framework; 50. Welcomes the Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework setting out the strategic policy priorities of Afghanistan towards achieving self- reliance and the presentation of five national priority programmes, on a citizens’ charter, women’s economic empowerment, urban development, comprehensive agriculture and national infrastructure, to improve the conditions for advancing sustainable development and stability; 51. Renews its commitment to long-term support for the economic development of Afghanistan on the basis of mutual accountability, as stated in the Geneva Mutual Accountability Framework, urgently appeals to all States, the United Nations system and international and non-governmental organizations, including the international and regional financial institutions, to continue to provide, in close coordination with the Government of Afghanistan and in accordance with the Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework and the national priority programmes contained therein, all possible and necessary humanitarian, recovery, reconstruction, development, financial, educational, technical and material assistance for Afghanistan, and underscores the crucial importance of continued and sequenced implementation of the reform agenda, national priority programmes and the development and governance goals as agreed upon in the Geneva Mutual Accountability Framework; 52. Recognizes the substantial development and notable progress achieved by Afghanistan with the steadfast support of the international community in the past years, expresses its support for the reaffirmation and consolidation of the partnership between Afghanistan and the international community midway through the Transformation Decade (2015–2024), during which Afghanistan will consolidate its sovereignty through strengthening a fully functioning, sustainable State in the service of its people, urges the Government of Afghanistan to involve all elements of Afghan society, in particular women, in the development and implementation of relief, rehabilitation, recovery and reconstruction programmes, recalls with appreciation the presentation by the Government of Afghanistan of the National Priority Programme on Women’s Economic Empowerment and encourages its continued implementation, and recalls with appreciation the launch of the women’s economic empowerment plan in March 2017 and the creation of a coordination unit for the Programme within the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Martyrs and Disabled as important measures for the implementation of the Programme; 53. Welcomes the progress made in implementing the Self-Reliance through Mutual Accountability Framework and the commitment to continuing the reforms agreed upon in the Geneva Mutual Accountability Framework and the monitoring mechanism included therein, in which the Government of Afghanistan reaffirmed its commitment to strengthening governance, grounded in human rights, the rule of law and adherence to the Constitution of Afghanistan and held it as integral to sustained growth and economic development, and in which the international community The situation in Afghanistan A/RES/74/9 13/16 19-20508 committed to enhancing the efficiency of development aid by aligning assistance with the Afghan national priority programmes and by channelling assistance through the national budget of the Government, as outlined in the Tokyo Declaration: Partnership for Self-Reliance in Afghanistan – From Transition to Transformation 10 and reaffirmed in the communiqué of the Brussels Conference on Afghanistan and the new Geneva Mutual Accountability Framework indicators; 54. Commends the Government of Afghanistan for aligning its new development strategy with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 11 and urges the international community to assist the Government in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals; 55. Also commends the Government of Afghanistan for improving budgetary transparency and its efforts to reach fiscal sustainability, notes the challenges ahead, and urges that continued efforts be made to meet revenue targets; 56. Recognizes the necessity for further improvement in the living conditions of the Afghan people, and emphasizes the need to strengthen and support the development of the capacity of the Government of Afghanistan to deliver basic social services at the national, provincial and local levels, in particular education and public health services; 57. Reiterates the necessity of providing Afghan children, especially Afghan girls, with educational and health facilities in all parts of the country, and welcomes the progress achieved in the sector of public education; 58. Notes with concern the dire humanitarian situation affecting Afghanistan, with millions of people facing emergency levels of food insecurity and hundreds of thousands of Afghans displaced by conflict since January 2019, and urges the international community to assist in providing the necessary support and to work with the Government of Afghanistan and humanitarian organizations to respond effectively to the needs identified in the Humanitarian Response Plan; 59. Recognizes the need to address the impacts of climate change in Afghanistan, and emphasizes the need for local, subnational, national, regional and international action to enhance efforts to build resilience, especially for the most vulnerable, by investing in resilience, including disaster risk reduction, strengthening adaptation strategies and enhancing joint risk assessments and risk management strategies, including early warning systems in the country to monitor environmental changes, to cut the impact and cost of natural disasters; Refugees 60. Expresses its appreciation to those Governments that continue to host Afghan refugees, in particular Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran, acknowledging the huge burden that they have so far shouldered in this regard, asks for continued generous support by the international community, and also asks relevant international organizations, in particular the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the International Organization for Migration, to continue to work closely with Afghanistan and the countries hosting Afghan refugees with a view to facilitating their voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable return, rehabilitation and reintegration; 61. Welcomes the outcome of the high-level segment on the Afghan refugee problem of the sixty-sixth session of the Executive Committee of the Programme of __________________ 10 A/66/867-S/2012/532, annex I. 11 Resolution 70/1. A/RES/74/9 The situation in Afghanistan 19-20508 14/16 the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,12 emphasizes the importance of the Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees to Support Voluntary Repatriation, Sustainable Reintegration and Assistance to Host Countries, and looks forward to the further implementation of the joint communiqué of the Conference, aimed at increased sustainability of returns and continued support for host countries, through the sustained support and the directed efforts of the international community; 62. Expresses its concern over the increase in the number of internally displaced persons and refugees from Afghanistan, stresses that stability and development in Afghanistan can be achieved if its citizens can see a future for themselves within their country, reiterates to host countries and the international community the obligations under international refugee law with respect to the protection of refugees, the principle of voluntary return and the right to seek asylum and to ensure full, safe and unhindered access for humanitarian relief agencies in order to provide protection and assistance to internally displaced persons and refugees, and calls upon countries to continue to accept an appropriate number of Afghan refugees for resettlement, as a manifestation of their shared responsibility and solidarity; 63. Takes note of the cooperation framework signed between the Government of Afghanistan and the European Union, entitled “Joint way forward on migration issues”, and in this context underscores the importance of close and effective cooperation to address the problem of irregular migration in a comprehensive manner, with due focus on and consideration of addressing the root causes of migration, including through job creation and the establishment of returnees’ livelihoods in Afghanistan, and in accordance with international commitments and obligations, including the human rights and legal rights of all migrants and the rights of persons in need of international protection in line with the provisions of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees13 and the 1967 Protocol thereto,14 as applicable; 64. Welcomes the commitment of the Government of Afghanistan to making the repatriation and reintegration of Afghan refugees one of its highest national priorities, including their voluntary, safe and dignified return and their sustainable reintegration into national development planning and prioritization processes, takes note in this regard of the accession of Afghanistan to the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 15 on 2 February 2017, and encourages and supports all efforts of the Government towards the implementation of this commitment; 65. Reaffirms its firm support for the implementation of the Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees to Support Voluntary Repatriation, Sustainable Reintegration and Assistance to Host Countries endorsed by the international community in 2012, and acknowledges the Enhanced Voluntary Return and Reintegration Package for Afghan Refugees as an innovative way to enhance sustainable return and reintegration; 66. Welcomes the continued return of Afghan refugees and internally displaced persons, in a voluntary, safe, dignified and sustainable manner, while noting with concern the security challenges of Afghanistan; __________________ 12 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventieth Session, Supplement No. 12A (A/70/12/Add.1), annex II. 13 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 189, No. 2545. 14 Ibid., vol. 606, No. 8791. 15 Ibid., vol. 2241, No. 39574. The situation in Afghanistan A/RES/74/9 15/16 19-20508 Regional cooperation 67. Stresses the crucial importance of advancing constructive and sustainable regional cooperation as an effective means of promoting and complementing peace, security, stability and economic and social development in Afghanistan, recognizes in this regard the importance of the contribution of neighbouring and regional partners and regional organizations, recalls the importance of the Kabul Declaration on Good- neighbourly Relations of 22 December 2002,16 welcomes in this regard the continued commitment of the international community to supporting the stability and development of Afghanistan, encourages further improved relations and enhanced engagement between Afghanistan and its neighbours, calls for further efforts in this regard, including in the framework of the Heart of Asia-Istanbul Process on Regional Security and Cooperation for a Secure and Stable Afghanistan and by regional organizations and long-term strategic partnerships and other agreements aimed at achieving a peaceful, stable and prosperous Afghanistan, and welcomes international and regional initiatives in this regard, such as those of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the Economic Cooperation Organization, the Regional Economic Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan process, the European Union, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Quadrilateral Cooperation and Coordination Mechanism in Counter-Terrorism comprising the armed forces of Afghanistan, China, Pakistan and Tajikistan, the China-Afghanistan-Pakistan dialogues and the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia; 68. Welcomes the important initiatives for regional connectivity, notably in the frameworks for ongoing cooperation under the auspices of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Programme and of the Regional Economic Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan, including the inauguration of its Chamber of Commerce and Industries in Kabul on 10 July, and the Heart of Asia-Istanbul Process confidence- building measures to facilitate increased trade throughout the region, welcomes in this regard the holding of Senior Official Meetings of the Heart of Asia-Istanbul Process in June and September 2019, with a focus on the revision of the confidence- building measures, and looks forward to the forthcoming Heart of Asia Ministerial Conference, to be held in Istanbul, Turkey, on 9 December 2019; 69. Emphasizes, in this regard, the importance of strengthening local and regional networks of transportation that will facilitate connectivity for economic development, stability and self-sustainability, particularly the completion and maintenance of local railroad and land routes, the development of regional projects to foster further connectivity and the enhancement of international civil aviation capabilities, and expresses its appreciation for all initiatives and efforts to advance partnership on connectivity; 70. Welcomes and urges further efforts to strengthen the process of regional economic cooperation, also welcomes joint efforts to enhance dialogue and collaboration and to advance economic development across the region, including measures to facilitate regional connectivity, trade and transit, acknowledges the progress made on such projects and initiatives as the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan- Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipeline project, the Central Asia South Asia Electricity Transmission and Trade Project (CASA-1000), the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan- Pakistan (TAP) 500 and Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan-Tajikistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan (TUTAP) electricity projects, the Pakistan-Afghanistan-Tajikistan Regional Integration Programme (PATRIP), the Chabahar agreement between Afghanistan, India and Iran (Islamic Republic of) and the transport of development assistance from __________________ 16 S/2002/1416, annex A/RES/74/9 The situation in Afghanistan 19-20508 16/16 India to Afghanistan through the Chabahar port, the Lapis Lazuli Transit, Trade and Transport Route agreement and the Turkmenistan-Aqina railway segment and on bilateral transit trade agreements, expanded consular visa cooperation and the facilitation of business travel, to expand trade, increase foreign investments and develop infrastructure, including infrastructural connectivity, energy supply, transport and integrated border management, with a view to promoting sustainable economic growth and the creation of jobs in Afghanistan and the region, notes the historical role of Afghanistan as a land bridge in Asia, recalls that such regional economic cooperation plays an important role in achieving stability and development in Afghanistan, in this regard urges all relevant stakeholders to create a feasible and secure environment for the full implementation of these development initiatives and trade agreements, and welcomes the progress made by these initiatives and projects in enhancing regional connectivity, trade and transit, including the creation of direct air freight corridors between Afghanistan and China, India, Italy, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates; United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and Joint Coordination and Monitoring Board 71. Expresses its appreciation for the work of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, as mandated by the Security Council in its resolution 2489 (2019), stresses the continued importance of the central and impartial coordinating role of the United Nations in promoting a more coherent international engagement, and acknowledges the central role played by the Joint Coordination and Monitoring Board in this regard; 72. Emphasizes the importance of the strategic review of the mandated tasks, priorities and related resources of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, and calls for the continued implementation of the recommendations of the Secretary-General, with a view to supporting efforts for peace and ensuring greater coordination, coherence and efficiency among relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, based on the “One United Nations” approach, in line with the reform agenda and the national priority programmes of the Government of Afghanistan; 73. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to report every three months on developments in Afghanistan, as well as on the progress made in the implementation of the present resolution; 74. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-fifth session the item entitled “The situation in Afghanistan”.
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A/RES/75/121
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 10 December 2020 [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/75/420, para. 27)] 75/121. Dissemination of information on decolonization The General Assembly, Having examined the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2020,1 Recalling its resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and other resolutions and decisions of the United Nations concerning the dissemination of information on decolonization, in particular General Assembly resolution 74/112 of 13 December 2019, Recognizing the need for flexible, practical and innovative approaches towards reviewing the options for self-determination for the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories, with a view to implementing the plan of action for the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, Reiterating the importance of dissemination of information as an instrument for furthering the aims of the Declaration, and mindful of the role of world public opinion in effectively assisting the peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories to achieve self- determination, Recognizing the role played by the administering Powers in transmitting information to the Secretary-General, in accordance with the terms of Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations, __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fifth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/75/23). A/RES/75/121 Dissemination of information on decolonization 20-16956 2/3 Stressing the importance of the visiting missions of the Special Committee in contributing substantially to the dissemination of information on decolonization, Recognizing that the Department of Global Communications of the Secretariat, through the United Nations information centres, must play a bigger role, in accordance with resolutions and decisions of the United Nations, in the dissemination of information at the regional level on the activities of the United Nations, Recalling the issuance by the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat, in consultation with the United Nations Development Programme, the specialized agencies and the Special Committee, of an information leaflet on assistance programmes available to the Non-Self-Governing Territories, Aware of the role of non-governmental organizations in the dissemination of information on decolonization, 1. Approves the activities in the field of dissemination of information on decolonization undertaken by the Department of Global Communications and the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs of the Secretariat, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization, and encourages the continued updating and wide dissemination of the information leaflet on what the United Nations can do to assist Non-Self-Governing Territories, published in accordance with General Assembly resolution 61/129 of 14 December 2006, and updated for the United Nations website on decolonization; 2. Considers it important to continue and expand its efforts to ensure the widest possible dissemination of information on decolonization, with particular emphasis on the options for self-determination available for the peoples of Non-Self- Governing Territories, and to this end requests the Department of Global Communications, through the United Nations information centres in the relevant regions, to actively engage and seek new and innovative ways to disseminate material to the Non-Self-Governing Territories; 3. Requests the Secretary-General to further enhance the information provided on the United Nations decolonization website and to continue to include the full series of reports of the regional seminars on decolonization, the statements and scholarly papers presented at those seminars and links to the full series of reports of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and stresses that the Department of Global Communications and the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs continue to be jointly responsible for maintaining and enhancing the United Nations decolonization website; 4. Requests the Department of Global Communications to continue its efforts to update web-based information on the assistance programmes available to the Non-Self-Governing Territories; 5. Requests the Department of Global Communications and the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs to implement the recommendations of the Special Committee and to continue their efforts to take measures through all of the media available, including publications, radio, television, the Internet and social media, to give publicity to the work of the United Nations in the field of decolonization and, inter alia: (a) To develop procedures to collect, prepare and disseminate, particularly to the Non-Self-Governing Territories, basic material on the issue of self-determination of the peoples of the Territories; (b) To seek the full cooperation of the administering Powers in the discharge of the tasks referred to above; Dissemination of information on decolonization A/RES/75/121 3/3 20-16956 (c) To explore further the idea of a programme of collaboration with the decolonization focal points of territorial Governments, particularly in the Pacific and Caribbean regions, to help to improve the exchange of information; (d) To encourage the involvement of non-governmental organizations in the dissemination of information on decolonization; (e) To encourage the involvement of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in the dissemination of information on decolonization; (f) To report to the Special Committee on measures taken in the implementation of the present resolution; 6. Requests the Department of Global Communications to webcast the meetings of the Special Committee at its substantive sessions from within existing resources; 7. Requests all States, including the administering Powers, to accelerate the dissemination of information referred to in paragraph 2 above; 8. Requests the Special Committee to continue to examine this question and to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-sixth session on the implementation of the present resolution.
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A/RES/75/21
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2020 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/75/L.33 and A/75/L.33/Add.1)] 75/21. Division for Palestinian Rights of the Secretariat The General Assembly, Having considered the report of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People,1 Taking note, in particular, of the action taken by the Committee and the Division for Palestinian Rights of the Secretariat in accordance with their mandates, Recalling its resolution 32/40 B of 2 December 1977 and all its subsequent relevant resolutions, including its resolution 74/12 of 3 December 2019, 1. Notes with appreciation the action taken by the Secretary-General in compliance with its resolution 74/12; 2. Considers that, by providing substantive support to the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People in the implementation of its mandate, the Division for Palestinian Rights of the Secretariat continues to make a constructive and positive contribution to raising international awareness of the question of Palestine and of the urgency of a peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine in all its aspects on the basis of international law and United Nations resolutions and the efforts being exerted in this regard and to generating international support for the rights of the Palestinian people; 3. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide the Division with the necessary resources and to ensure that it continues to effectively carry out its programme of work as detailed in relevant earlier resolutions, in consultation with the Committee and under its guidance; 4. Requests the Division, in particular, to continue to monitor developments relevant to the question of Palestine, to organize international meetings and activities __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fifth Session, Supplement No. 35 (A/75/35). A/RES/75/21 Division for Palestinian Rights of the Secretariat 2/2 in support of the Committee’s mandate with the participation of all sectors of the international community and to ensure, within existing resources, the continued participation of eminent persons and international renowned experts in these meetings and activities, to be invited on a par with the members of the Committee, to liaise and cooperate with civil society and parliamentarians, including through the Working Group of the Committee, to develop and expand the “Question of Palestine” website and the documents collection of the United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine, to prepare and widely disseminate publications and information materials on various aspects of the question of Palestine in the relevant official languages of the United Nations and information materials on various aspects of the question of Palestine and to develop and enhance the annual training programme for staff of the Palestinian Government in contribution to Palestinian capacity-building efforts; 5. Also requests the Division, as part of the observance of the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People on 29 November, to continue to organize, under the guidance of the Committee, an annual exhibit on Palestinian rights or a cultural event in cooperation with the Permanent Observer Mission of the State of Palestine to the United Nations, and encourages Member States to continue to give the widest support and publicity to the observance of the Day of Solidarity; 6. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure the continued cooperation with the Division of the United Nations system entities with programme components addressing various aspects of the question of Palestine and the situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem; 7. Invites all Governments and organizations to extend their cooperation to the Division in the performance of its tasks.
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A/RES/75/237
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 31 December 2020 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/75/476, para. 23)] 75/237. A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action The General Assembly, Recalling all its previous resolutions on the comprehensive follow-up to the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference,1 in particular its resolutions 66/144 of 19 December 2011, 67/155 of 20 December 2012 and 74/137 of 18 December 2019, and in this regard underlining the imperative need for their full and effective implementation, Recalling also the suffering of the victims of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and the need to honour their memory, Calling upon States to honour the memory of victims of the historical injustices of slavery, the slave trade, including the transatlantic slave trade, colonialism and apartheid, Stressing that the outcome of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance has the same status as the outcomes of all the major United Nations conferences, summits and special sessions in the human rights and social fields, and that the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action remains a solid basis and the only instructive outcome of the World __________________ 1 See A/CONF.189/12 and A/CONF.189/12/Corr.1, chap. I. A/RES/75/237 A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 21-00003 2/9 Conference, which prescribes comprehensive measures for combating all the scourges of racism and adequate remedies for victims, and noting with concern the lack of effective implementation thereof, Alarmed at the global rise in hate speech, constituting incitement to racial discrimination, hostility and violence, stressing the importance of addressing it, and in this regard noting the launch of the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech in June 2019, Underlining the need to promote tolerance, inclusion and respect for diversity and the need to seek common ground among and within civilizations in order to address common challenges to humanity that threaten shared values, universal human rights and the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, through cooperation, partnership and inclusion, Alarmed at the spread in many parts of the world of various racist extremist movements based on ideologies that seek to promote nationalist, right-wing agendas and racial superiority, and stressing that these practices fuel racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, Deploring the ongoing and resurgent scourges of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in many regions of the world, often targeting migrants and refugees, as well as people of African descent, expressing concern that some political leaders and parties have supported such an environment, and in this context expressing its support for migrants and refugees in the context of the severe discrimination that they may face, Deploring also the recent incidents of excessive use of force and other human rights violations by law enforcement officers against peaceful demonstrators defending the rights of Africans and of people of African descent, and recalling Human Rights Council resolution 43/1 of 19 June 2020,2 in which the Council strongly condemns the continuing racially discriminatory and violent practices perpetrated by law enforcement agencies against Africans and people of African descent, Recognizing that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance have a deep negative impact on the enjoyment of human rights, and therefore require a united and comprehensive response from the international community, Recalling the three Decades for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination previously declared by the General Assembly, and regretting that the Programmes of Action for those Decades were not fully implemented and that their objectives have yet to be attained, Reiterating that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and have the potential to contribute constructively to the development and well-being of their societies, and that any doctrine of racial superiority is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous and must be rejected, together with theories that attempt to determine the existence of separate human races, Underlining the intensity, magnitude and organized nature of slavery and the slave trade, including the transatlantic slave trade, and the associated historical injustices, as well as the untold suffering caused by colonialism and apartheid, and that Africans and people of African descent, Asians and people of Asian descent and __________________ 2 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/75/53), chap. IV, sect. A. A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action A/RES/75/237 3/9 21-00003 indigenous peoples continue to be victims, and acknowledging that the ongoing effects must be remedied, Acknowledging the efforts and initiatives undertaken by States to prohibit racial discrimination and racial segregation and to engender the full enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights, as well as civil and political rights, Emphasizing that, despite efforts in this regard, millions of human beings continue to be victims of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, including their contemporary forms and manifestations, some of which manifest in violent forms, Welcoming the efforts made by civil society in support of the follow-up mechanisms in the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, Recalling the appointment of the five independent eminent experts by the Secretary-General on 16 June 2003, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 56/266 of 27 March 2002, with the mandate to follow up on the implementation of the provisions of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and to make appropriate recommendations thereon, Underlining the primacy of the political will, international cooperation and adequate funding at the national, regional and international levels needed to address all forms and manifestations of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance for the successful implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, Recalling its resolution 2142 (XXI) of 26 October 1966, in which it proclaimed 21 March as the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Recalling also its resolution 62/122 of 17 December 2007, in which it designated 25 March as the annual International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade, Recalling further, in the above context, the erection of the permanent memorial for the victims of slavery and the slave trade, including the transatlantic slave trade, the Ark of Return, based on the theme “Acknowledge the tragedy, consider the legacy, lest we forget”, Welcoming the call upon all the former colonial Powers for reparations, consistent with paragraphs 157 and 158 of the Durban Programme of Action, to redress the historical injustices of slavery and the slave trade, including the transatlantic slave trade, Recognizing and affirming that the global fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and all their abhorrent and contemporary forms and manifestations is a matter of priority for the international community, I International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1. Reaffirms the paramount importance of universal adherence to and the full and effective implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,3 adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 2106 A (XX) of 21 December 1965, in addressing the scourges of racism and racial discrimination; __________________ 3 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 660, No. 9464. A/RES/75/237 A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 21-00003 4/9 2. Calls upon States that have not done so to accede to and/or ratify the Convention, and States parties to consider making the declaration under article 14 of the Convention, as well as to consider withdrawing reservations to article 4 of the Convention, as a matter of urgency, and to consider withdrawing reservations that are incompatible with the object and purpose of the Convention; 3. Underlines, in the above context, that the provisions of the Convention do not respond effectively to contemporary manifestations of racial discrimination, in particular in relation to xenophobia and related intolerance, which is recognized as the rationale behind the convening of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance in 2001; 4. Takes note of the acknowledgement by the Human Rights Council and its subsidiary structures of the existence of both procedural and substantive gaps in the Convention, which must be filled as a matter of urgency, necessity and priority; 5. Expresses its concern at the lack of progress in the elaboration of complementary standards to the Convention to fill existing gaps through the development of new normative standards aimed at combating all forms of contemporary and resurgent scourges of racism; 6. Recalls Human Rights Council resolution 34/36 of 24 March 2017,4 in which the Council requested the Chair-Rapporteur of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of Complementary Standards to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination to ensure the commencement of the negotiations on the draft additional protocol to the Convention criminalizing acts of a racist and xenophobic nature during the tenth session of the Ad Hoc Committee; 7. Requests the Chair-Rapporteur of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of Complementary Standards to present a progress report to the General Assembly at its seventy-sixth session; II International Decade for People of African Descent 8. Welcomes the proclamation of the International Decade for People of African Descent, as contained in its resolution 68/237 of 23 December 2013, and the celebratory launch of the Decade on 10 December 2014; 9. Also welcomes the programme of activities for the International Decade for People of African Descent, in which it was recommended that a forum on people of African descent be established and that consideration be given to the elaboration of a draft United Nations declaration on the promotion and full respect of the human rights of people of African descent; 10. Recalls the draft programme of action for the International Decade for People of African Descent as an instructive framework in which all the initiatives aimed at improving the quality of life of people of African descent are anchored and which, if adopted, would contribute to the programme of activities for the implementation of the International Decade for People of African Descent; 11. Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the programme of activities for the implementation of the International Decade for People of African Descent5 and on a global call for concrete action for the total elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive __________________ 4 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/72/53), chap. IV, sect. A. 5 A/75/363. A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action A/RES/75/237 5/9 21-00003 implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action;6 12. Also takes note of the report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent,7 invites the Human Rights Council, through the Chair of the Working Group, to continue to submit a report on the work of the Working Group to the General Assembly, and in this regard invites the Chair of the Working Group to engage in an interactive dialogue with the Assembly under the item entitled “Elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance” at its seventy-sixth session; 13. Welcomes the decision to establish the Permanent Forum on People of African Descent, which will serve as a consultation mechanism for people of African descent and other interested stakeholders as a platform for improving the quality of life and livelihoods of people of African descent and to contribute to elaborating a United Nations declaration on the promotion and full respect of human rights of people of African descent, and that the modalities, format and substantive and procedural aspects of the Permanent Forum will be concluded by Member States and observer States, with further consultations with people of African descent; 14. Also welcomes the convening of regional meetings by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to effectively implement the programme of activities of the International Decade for People of African Descent, encourages Member States and other stakeholders to adopt action-oriented recommendations at the meetings, and calls upon States, regional organizations and other stakeholders to facilitate the participation of civil society from their respective countries and regions at the meetings; 15. Further welcomes the constructive discussions held in Geneva on the modalities of the Permanent Forum on People of African Descent, regrets that the modalities, format and substantive and procedural aspects of the Permanent Forum on People of African Descent could not be defined during its seventy-fourth session owing to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, decides to define them, with no further delay, at its seventy-fifth session, and requests the President of the General Assembly to appoint co-facilitators in that regard; 16. Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Department of Global Communications of the Secretariat to continue awareness-raising efforts and public information campaigns in support of the International Decade for People of African Descent through the use of social networks and digital media, including the wide distribution of user-friendly, concise and accessible versions of material in this regard; 17. Welcomes the efforts undertaken by the Human Rights Council with regard to the preparatory process for the midterm review of the International Decade for People of African Descent; 18. Reaffirms its commitment to eliminating contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and in this regard notes in particular 2020 as the midterm review of the International Decade for People of African Descent, 2015 to 2024, and its programme of activities; __________________ 6 A/75/561. 7 A/75/275. A/RES/75/237 A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 21-00003 6/9 III Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 19. Requests the Secretary-General and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide the resources necessary for the effective fulfilment of the mandates of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, the Group of Independent Eminent Experts on the Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of Complementary Standards, and in this regard to ensure the participation of experts in each session of those follow-up mechanisms in order to provide advice on the specific issues under discussion and assist the mechanisms in their deliberations and the adoption of action-oriented recommendations in relation to the implementation of the Declaration and Programme of Action; 20. Recalls Human Rights Council resolution 43/1, in which the Council requested the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, with the assistance of relevant special procedure mandate holders, to prepare a report on systemic racism, violations of international human rights law against Africans and people of African descent by law enforcement agencies to contribute to accountability and redress for victims; IV Group of Independent Eminent Experts on the Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 21. Takes note of the report of the Group of Independent Eminent Experts on the Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action on its sixth session,8 and in this regard notes that the session, which included private and public sessions, was held in Geneva from 6 to 10 May 2019; V Trust fund for the Programme for the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination 22. Recalls the establishment by the Secretary-General, in 1973, of the trust fund for the Programme for the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination as a funding mechanism that has been utilized for the implementation of the activities of the three Decades for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination declared by the General Assembly, and in this regard appreciates the fact that the trust fund has also been utilized for the subsequent programmes and operational activities transcending the three Decades; 23. Requests the Secretary-General to include, in his report on the implementation of the present resolution to the General Assembly at its seventy-sixth session, a section outlining the progress in the implementation of paragraph 18 of its resolution 68/151 of 18 December 2013 regarding the revitalization of the trust fund for the purpose of ensuring the successful implementation of the activities of the International Decade for People of African Descent and enhancing the effectiveness of the comprehensive follow-up to the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action; __________________ 8 See A/74/173. A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action A/RES/75/237 7/9 21-00003 24. Strongly appeals to all Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and individuals, as well as other donors in a position to do so, to contribute generously to the trust fund, and to that end requests the Secretary-General to continue to undertake appropriate contacts and initiatives to encourage contributions; VI Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance 25. Takes note of the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance,9 and encourages the Special Rapporteur, within her mandate, to continue to focus on the issues of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and incitement to hatred, which impede peaceful coexistence and harmony within societies, and to submit reports in this regard to the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly; 26. Reiterates its previous requests to the Special Rapporteur to consider examining national models of mechanisms that measure racial equality and their value added in the eradication of racial discrimination and to report on such challenges, successes and best practices in her next report, and expresses concern at the lack of progress in this regard; VII Commemoration of the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 27. Decides to hold a one-day high-level meeting of the General Assembly to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, at the level of Heads of State and Government, on the second day of the general debate of the seventy-sixth session, on the theme “Reparations, racial justice and equality for people of African descent”, consisting of an opening plenary meeting, consecutive round tables and/or thematic panels and a closing plenary meeting; 28. Also decides that the meeting will adopt a short and concise political declaration aimed at mobilizing political will at the national, regional and international levels for the full and effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and its follow-up processes; 29. Requests the President of the General Assembly, consistent with the rules of procedure of the General Assembly, to carry out consultations on the modalities of the high-level meeting and to appoint co-facilitators for the political declaration; 30. Emphasizes the critical importance of increasing public support for the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the participation of civil society and other relevant stakeholders in its realization; 31. Invites Member States, United Nations entities, international and regional organizations, civil society, including non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders to organize and support various high-visibility initiatives, aimed at effectively increasing awareness at all levels, to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action; 32. Requests the Secretary-General to establish a programme of outreach, with the involvement of Member States and United Nations funds and programmes, as well __________________ 9 See A/75/590. A/RES/75/237 A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 21-00003 8/9 as civil society, including non-governmental organizations, to appropriately commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action; 33. Calls upon Member States and the United Nations system to intensify efforts to widely distribute copies of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, and encourages efforts to ensure its translation and wide dissemination; 34. Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Department of Global Communications of the Secretariat to launch a public information campaign for the commemoration of the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, including the wide distribution of user-friendly information materials through the United Nations system, inter alia, through United Nations information centres; 35. Expresses its appreciation for the continuing work of the mechanisms mandated to follow up on the World Conference and the Durban Review Conference; VIII Follow-up and implementation activities 36. Acknowledges the guidance and leadership role of the Human Rights Council, and encourages it to continue to oversee the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the outcome document of the Durban Review Conference; 37. Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide the Human Rights Council with all the support necessary for it to achieve its objectives in this regard; 38. Requests the Human Rights Council to consider, at its forty-sixth session, the question of developing a multi-year programme of activities to provide for the renewed and strengthened outreach activities needed to inform and mobilize the global public in support of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and to strengthen awareness of the contribution that they have made in the struggle against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, in consultation with Member States, national human rights institutions, relevant civil society organizations and United Nations agencies, funds and programmes; 39. Welcomes the efforts undertaken by the Human Rights Council, through its Advisory Committee, in preparing a study on appropriate ways and means of assessing the situation regarding racial equality, while identifying possible gaps and overlaps; 40. Also welcomes the commemorative plenary meeting of the General Assembly held on 25 March 2019 to mark the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, on the mitigation and countering of rising nationalist populism and extreme supremacist ideologies; 41. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-sixth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution; 42. Requests the President of the General Assembly and the President of the Human Rights Council to continue to convene annual commemorative meetings of the Assembly and the Council during the commemoration of the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, with the appropriate focus and themes, and to hold a debate on the midterm review of the International Decade for People of African Descent with the participation of the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, and in this context encourages the participation of eminent personalities active in the struggle against racial A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action A/RES/75/237 9/9 21-00003 discrimination, Member States and civil society organizations in accordance with the rules of procedure of the Assembly and the Council, respectively; 43. Decides to remain seized of this priority matter at its seventy-sixth session under the item entitled “Elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance”.
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 December 2020 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/75/L.36/Rev.1 and A/75/L.36/Rev.1/Add.1)] 75/26. Promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace The General Assembly, Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1 in particular the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, Recalling its resolution 74/23 of 12 December 2019 on the promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace, and its other related resolutions, Recalling also its resolution 53/243 of 13 September 1999 on the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace, which serves as a universal mandate for the international community for the promotion of a culture of peace and non-violence that benefits humanity, in particular future generations, and welcoming the convening of the High-level Forum on the Culture of Peace by the President of the General Assembly on 10 September 2020, Recalling further that, in its resolution 67/104 of 17 December 2012, it proclaimed the period 2013–2022 the International Decade for the Rapprochement of Cultures and invited the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, in that context, to be the lead agency in the United Nations system, Encouraging, in this regard, activities aimed at promoting interreligious and intercultural dialogue in order to enhance peace and social stability, respect for diversity and mutual respect and to create, at the global level, and also at the regional, __________________ 1 Resolution 217 A (III). A/RES/75/26 Promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace 20-16414 2/7 national and local levels, an environment conducive to peace and mutual understanding, Recalling its resolution 69/312 of 6 July 2015 on the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations, in which it reaffirmed its support for the Alliance and reiterated the valuable role of the Alliance in promoting greater understanding and respect among civilizations, cultures, religions and beliefs, Recalling also its resolution 36/55 of 25 November 1981, by which it proclaimed the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, and its resolutions 72/241 of 20 December 2017 on a world against violence and violent extremism, 72/284 of 26 June 2018 on the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Strategy Review, 73/285 of 2 April 2019 on combating terrorism and other acts of violence based on religion or belief and 73/328 of 25 July 2019 on promoting interreligious and intercultural dialogue and tolerance in countering hate speech, Recalling further its resolution 72/130 of 8 December 2017, by which it proclaimed the International Day of Living Together in Peace and underlined that it constitutes a means of mobilizing the efforts of the international community to promote peace, tolerance, inclusion, understanding and solidarity, Recalling its resolution 74/306 of 11 September 2020, in which it recognized that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the greatest global challenges in the history of the United Nations, expressed deep concern about the rise in discrimination, hate speech, stigmatization, racism and xenophobia related to the pandemic and stressed the need to counter them as part of the COVID-19 response, Bearing in mind the valuable contribution that interreligious and intercultural dialogue can make to an improved awareness and understanding of the common values shared by all humankind, Noting that interreligious and intercultural dialogue has made significant contributions to mutual understanding, tolerance and respect, as well as to the promotion of a culture of peace and an improvement of overall relations among people from different cultural and religious backgrounds and among nations, Noting also the growing importance of interreligious and intercultural dialogue in the context of the global phenomenon of migration, which increases interaction among persons and communities from various traditions, cultures and religions, Recognizing that cultural diversity and the pursuit of cultural development by all peoples and nations are sources of mutual enrichment for the cultural life of humankind, Convinced that the promotion of cultural pluralism and tolerance towards and dialogue among various cultures and civilizations would contribute to the efforts of all peoples and nations to enrich their cultures and traditions by engaging in a mutually beneficial exchange of knowledge and intellectual, moral and material achievements, Noting the launch by the Secretary-General of the United Nations Strategy and Plan of Action on Hate Speech, Noting also the leading role played by the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations in preparing the United Nations Plan of Action to Safeguard Religious Sites, noting further the launch of the Plan of Action by the Secretary-General on 12 September 2019, and inviting Member States to consider implementing the relevant recommendations addressed to them, in collaboration with other stakeholders, as appropriate, Promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace A/RES/75/26 3/7 20-16414 Noting further the Unite for Heritage campaign launched by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in March 2015, which is aimed at celebrating and safeguarding cultural heritage and diversity around the world, and the Conference on Safeguarding Endangered Cultural Heritage, held in Abu Dhabi on 2 and 3 December 2016, and the declaration adopted at the Conference, Recalling that States have the primary responsibility to promote and protect human rights, including the human rights of persons belonging to religious minorities, including their right to exercise their religion or belief freely, Recalling also its resolution 73/296 of 28 May 2019, in which it decided to designate 22 August as the International Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief, Expressing deep concern at the instances of intolerance and discrimination and acts of violence occurring in the world, including cases motivated by discrimination against persons belonging to religious minorities, in addition to the negative projection of the followers of religions and the enforcement of measures that specifically discriminate against persons on the basis of religion or belief, Recognizing the significance accorded to religious symbols by individuals in many religions and societies, and in this regard underscoring the importance of promoting mutual respect, tolerance and peaceful coexistence, Reaffirming that violence can and should never be a justifiable or acceptable response to acts of intolerance on the basis of religion or belief and that such violence should not be associated with any religion, nationality, civilization or ethnic group, Reaffirming also the positive role that the exercise of the right to freedom of opinion and expression and full respect for the freedom to seek, receive and impart information can play in strengthening democracy and combating religious intolerance, and reaffirming further that the exercise of the right to freedom of expression carries with it special duties and responsibilities, in accordance with article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 2 Recalling article 20 (2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which states that any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence shall be prohibited by law, Recalling also its resolution 73/329 of 25 July 2019, in which it declared 5 April the International Day of Conscience, Bearing in mind that tolerance of cultural, ethnic, religious and linguistic diversities contributes towards peace, mutual understanding and friendship among people of different cultures and nations and that these diversities should be made part of intercultural and interreligious dialogue efforts, as appropriate, Reaffirming the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,3 and acknowledging that the 2030 Agenda includes the promotion of peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, Noting the various initiatives at the local, national, regional and international levels for enhancing interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation, and for strengthening people-to-people bonds, which are mutually reinforcing and interrelated, such as the establishment of the Hamad bin Khalifa Civilization Center in Copenhagen in 2014, the African Initiative on Education for __________________ 2 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 3 Resolution 70/1. A/RES/75/26 Promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace 20-16414 4/7 Peace and Development through Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue, launched in Cotonou, Benin, in May 2015, the thirteenth Doha Conference on Interfaith Dialogue, held in Qatar, the sixth Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions, held in Astana in October 2018, the third World Nomad Games, held in Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan, and organized under the patronage of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in September 2018, the establishment of the International Institute for Tolerance and the Muslim Council of Elders in the United Arab Emirates, in 2017, and the launch of the World Tolerance Summit, in Abu Dhabi, all of which contribute to promoting social cohesion and inclusion, peace and development, Acknowledging the preparations under way by the Inter-Parliamentary Union, in cooperation with the United Nations, to organize, in May 2022 in the Russian Federation, the World Conference of Heads of States, Parliamentarians and Representatives of the World Religions on Intercultural and Interreligious Dialogue for the Benefit of Peace and Mankind, Noting the cooperation between the United Nations and regional and other organizations in the promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, Noting also the adoption of the Yerevan Declaration of the seventeenth Summit of Heads of State and Government of la Francophonie, on the theme “Living together”, held in Yerevan on 11 and 12 October 2018, Welcoming the leading role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, as well as the work of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations, in promoting intercultural dialogue, Welcoming also the work of the Anna Lindh Foundation and the ongoing work of the King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue in Vienna, Noting the declaration of the Forum on the Role of Religious Leaders in Preventing Incitement that could Lead to Atrocity Crimes, held in Fez, Morocco, on 23 and 24 April 2015, and further efforts that build on the Rabat Plan of Action on the prohibition of advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence 4 and the Istanbul Process for Combating Intolerance, Discrimination and Incitement to Hatred and/or Violence on the Basis of Religion or Belief, Welcoming the Declaration on Promoting Cultural Pluralism and Peace through Interfaith and Inter-ethnic Dialogue, endorsed by the 137th Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union, held in Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, from 14 to 18 October 2017, Referring to the World Forum on Intercultural Dialogue, organized biennially by Azerbaijan in cooperation with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations, the World Tourism Organization, the Council of Europe and the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, as a key global platform for promoting intercultural dialogue,5 Acknowledging the positive contribution of individuals and of relevant civil society organizations to the promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and the culture of peace, __________________ 4 A/HRC/22/17/Add.4, appendix. 5 A/74/476, para. 9. Promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace A/RES/75/26 5/7 20-16414 Underlining the importance of education, including education on culture, peace, tolerance, mutual understanding and human rights, in promoting interreligious and intercultural dialogue, respect for diversity, and the elimination of discrimination based on religion or belief, Recognizing the contributions of the media and of new information and communications technologies to promoting peoples’ understanding of different cultures and religions, including through the promotion of dialogue, Reaffirming the importance of sustaining the process of engaging all stakeholders, including young men and women as relevant actors, in interreligious and intercultural dialogue within the appropriate initiatives at various levels, which is aimed at challenging prejudices, improving mutual understanding and fostering cooperation, Recognizing the commitment of all religions to peace and the contribution that interreligious and intercultural dialogue among religions, groups and individuals, in particular religious leaders, can make towards an improved awareness and understanding of the common values shared by all humankind, Noting the Appeal for Peace, signed by religious leaders during the World Day of Prayer for Peace, held in Assisi, Italy, on 20 September 2016, Taking note of the document entitled “Human fraternity for world peace and living together”, which was signed by Pope Francis and the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar, Ahmad al-Tayyib, on 4 February 2019 in Abu Dhabi, 1. Reaffirms that mutual understanding and interreligious and intercultural dialogue constitute important dimensions of the dialogue among civilizations and of the culture of peace; 2. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the promotion of a culture of peace and interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace;6 3. Recognizes the importance of interreligious and intercultural dialogue and its valuable contribution to promoting social cohesion and inclusion, peace and development, and calls upon Member States to consider, as appropriate and where applicable, interreligious and intercultural dialogue as an important tool in efforts aimed at achieving peace and social stability and the full realization of the Sustainable Development Goals; 4. Also recognizes the efforts by relevant stakeholders to foster peaceful and harmonious coexistence within societies by promoting respect for religious and cultural diversity, including by engendering sustained and robust interaction among various segments of society; 5. Further recognizes the leading role of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on intercultural dialogue and its contribution to interreligious dialogue, as well as its activities related to the culture of peace and non-violence and its focus on concrete actions at the global, regional and subregional levels, and recognizes the contribution by the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations in this regard; 6. Welcomes the declarations adopted by the Global Forums of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations, and invites relevant stakeholders to continue their efforts to promote mutual understanding among different civilizations, cultures, religions and beliefs; __________________ 6 A/75/233. A/RES/75/26 Promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace 20-16414 6/7 7. Also welcomes the efforts undertaken by the High Representative for the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations in promoting intercultural and interreligious dialogue, strengthening social cohesion and promoting a culture of peace, and takes note of his recent “Call for mutual respect”; 8. Calls upon Member States, which have the primary responsibility to counter discrimination and hate speech, and all relevant actors, including political and religious leaders, to promote inclusion and unity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and to combat and speak out and take strong action against racism, xenophobia, hate speech, violence, discrimination, including on the basis of age, and stigmatization; 9. Reaffirms the solemn commitment of all States to fulfil their obligations and commitments to promote universal respect for and observance and protection of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other instruments relating to human rights and international law, the universal nature of these rights and freedoms being beyond question; 10. Welcomes the initiative to open up the Kartarpur Sahib Corridor in the spirit of interfaith harmony and peaceful neighbourhood, and appreciates the agreement between the Governments of India and Pakistan to allow visa-free access to pilgrims of all faiths, especially Nanak Naam Levas and the Sikh community from across the world, as a landmark initiative for interreligious and intercultural cooperation for peace; 11. Also welcomes the joint statement issued by Spain and Turkey as co-sponsors of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations after the successful conclusion of the eighth Global Forum of the Alliance, on the theme “#Commit2Dialogue: partnerships for prevention and sustaining peace”, held in New York on 19 and 20 November 2018, and invites relevant stakeholders to continue their efforts to promote cross-cultural dialogue and mutual understanding among different civilizations, cultures, religions and beliefs; 12. Underlines the importance of moderation as a value within societies for countering violent extremism as and when conducive to terrorism, while respecting human rights and fundamental freedoms, and for further contributing to the promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, tolerance, understanding and cooperation, and encourages efforts, as appropriate, to enable voices of moderation to work together in order to build a more secure, inclusive and peaceful world; 13. Welcomes the efforts by the media to promote interreligious and intercultural dialogue, encourages the further promotion of dialogue among the media from all cultures and civilizations, emphasizes that everyone has the right to freedom of expression, and reaffirms that the exercise of this right carries with it special duties and responsibilities and may therefore be subject to certain restrictions, but that these can be only such as are provided by law and necessary for respect of the rights or reputations of others, and protection of national security or of public order, or of public health and morals, and are non-discriminatory and applied in a manner that does not obstruct the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; 14. Also welcomes the efforts to use information and communications technologies, including the Internet, to promote interreligious and intercultural dialogue, including through the Interfaith Dialogue ePortal established following the Special Non-Aligned Movement Ministerial Meeting on Interfaith Dialogue and Cooperation for Peace and Development, held in Manila in 2010, as well as the Peace and Dialogue ePortal of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and encourages relevant stakeholders to utilize the opportunity to Promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, understanding and cooperation for peace A/RES/75/26 7/7 20-16414 disseminate their best practices and experiences on interreligious and intercultural dialogue by contributing to the Interfaith Dialogue ePortal and to the Peace and Dialogue ePortal; 15. Encourages Member States to consider, as and where appropriate, initiatives that identify areas for practical action in all sectors and levels of society for the promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue, tolerance, understanding and cooperation, inter alia, the ideas suggested during the High-level Dialogue on Interreligious and Intercultural Understanding and Cooperation for Peace, held in New York in October 2007, including the idea of an enhanced process of dialogue among world religions, as well as the ideas suggested during the third High Panel on Peace and Dialogue among Cultures, held in Paris in November 2012; 16. Acknowledges the active engagement of the United Nations system with faith-based and cultural organizations and other relevant non-governmental organizations in the promotion of interreligious and intercultural dialogue and in bringing together people of different cultures, religions, faiths or beliefs to discuss common issues and objectives; 17. Also acknowledges the important role of civil society, including academia, in fostering interreligious and intercultural dialogue, and encourages support for practical measures that mobilize civil society, including building capacities, opportunities and frameworks for cooperation; 18. Invites Member States to further promote reconciliation to help to ensure durable peace and sustained development, including by working with faith leaders and communities and through reconciliatory measures and acts of service and by encouraging forgiveness and compassion among individuals; 19. Recognizes that the Office of Intergovernmental Support and Coordination for Sustainable Development in the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat plays a valuable role as focal point within the Secretariat on the issue, and encourages it to continue to interact and coordinate with the relevant entities of the United Nations system and coordinate their contribution to the intergovernmental process aimed at promoting interreligious and intercultural dialogue; 20. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-sixth session on the implementation of the present resolution.
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A/RES/75/285
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 June 2021 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/75/L.99 and A/75/L.99/Add.1)] 75/285. Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia, and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia The General Assembly, Recalling all its relevant resolutions on the protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons, including its resolutions 62/153 of 18 December 2007, 62/249 of 15 May 2008, 63/307 of 9 September 2009, 64/162 of 18 December 2009, 64/296 of 7 September 2010, 65/287 of 29 June 2011, 66/165 of 19 December 2011, 66/283 of 3 July 2012, 67/268 of 13 June 2013, 68/180 of 18 December 2013, 68/274 of 5 June 2014, 69/286 of 3 June 2015, 70/165 of 17 December 2015, 70/265 of 7 June 2016, 71/290 of 1 June 2017, 72/182 of 19 December 2017, 72/280 of 12 June 2018, 73/298 of 4 June 2019, 74/160 of 18 December 2019 and 74/300 of 3 September 2020, Recalling also all relevant Security Council resolutions on Georgia relating to the need for all parties to work towards a comprehensive peace and the return of internally displaced persons and refugees to their places of origin, and stressing the importance of their full and timely implementation, Recognizing the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement1 as the key international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons, Concerned by forced demographic changes resulting from the conflicts in Georgia, Concerned also by the humanitarian situation caused by armed conflict in August 2008, which resulted in the further forced displacement of civilians, __________________ 1 E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex. A/RES/75/285 Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia, and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia 21-08206 2/2 Mindful of the urgent need to find a solution to the problems related to forced displacement in Georgia, Underlining the importance of the discussions that commenced in Geneva on 15 October 2008 and of continuing to address the issue of the voluntary, safe, dignified and unhindered return of internally displaced persons and refugees on the basis of internationally recognized principles and conflict-settlement practices, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General concerning the implementation of resolution 74/300,2 1. Recognizes the right of return of all internally displaced persons and refugees and their descendants, regardless of ethnicity, to their homes throughout Georgia, including in Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia; 2. Stresses the need to respect the property rights of all internally displaced persons and refugees affected by the conflicts in Georgia and to refrain from obtaining property in violation of those rights; 3. Reaffirms the unacceptability of forced demographic changes; 4. Underlines the urgent need for unimpeded access for humanitarian activities to all internally displaced persons, refugees and other persons residing in all conflict-affected areas throughout Georgia; 5. Calls upon all participants in the Geneva discussions to intensify their efforts to establish a durable peace, to commit to enhanced confidence-building measures and to take immediate steps to ensure respect for human rights and create favourable security conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and unhindered return of all internally displaced persons and refugees to their places of origin; 6. Underlines the need for the development of a timetable to ensure the voluntary, safe, dignified and unhindered return of all internally displaced persons and refugees affected by the conflicts in Georgia to their homes; 7. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-sixth session a comprehensive report on the implementation of the present resolution; 8. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-sixth session the item entitled “Protracted conflicts in the GUAM area and their implications for international peace, security and development”. 81st plenary meeting 16 June 2021 __________________ 2 A/75/891.
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A/RES/75/50
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2020 [on the report of the First Committee (A/75/399, para. 96)] 75/50. Conventional arms control at the regional and subregional levels The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 48/75 J of 16 December 1993, 49/75 O of 15 December 1994, 50/70 L of 12 December 1995, 51/45 Q of 10 December 1996, 52/38 Q of 9 December 1997, 53/77 P of 4 December 1998, 54/54 M of 1 December 1999, 55/33 P of 20 November 2000, 56/24 I of 29 November 2001, 57/77 of 22 November 2002, 58/39 of 8 December 2003, 59/88 of 3 December 2004, 60/75 of 8 December 2005, 61/82 of 6 December 2006, 62/44 of 5 December 2007, 63/44 of 2 December 2008, 64/42 of 2 December 2009, 65/46 of 8 December 2010, 66/37 of 2 December 2011, 67/62 of 3 December 2012, 68/56 of 5 December 2013, 69/47 of 2 December 2014, 70/44 of 7 December 2015, 71/41 of 5 December 2016, 72/35 of 4 December 2017, 73/34 of 5 December 2018 and 74/38 of 12 December 2019, Recognizing the crucial role of conventional arms control in promoting regional and international peace and security, Recognizing also the importance of equitable representation of women in arms control discussions and negotiations, Convinced that conventional arms control needs to be pursued primarily in the regional and subregional contexts since most threats to peace and security in the post-cold-war era arise mainly among States located in the same region or subregion, Aware that the preservation of a balance in the defence capabilities of States at the lowest level of armaments would contribute to peace and stability and should be a prime objective of conventional arms control, Desirous of promoting agreements to strengthen regional peace and security at the lowest possible level of armaments and military forces, A/RES/75/50 Conventional arms control at the regional and subregional levels 20-16870 2/2 Noting with particular interest the initiatives taken in this regard in different regions of the world, in particular the commencement of consultations among a number of Latin American countries and the proposals for conventional arms control made in the context of South Asia, and recognizing, in the context of this subject, the relevance and value of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, 1 which is a cornerstone of European security, Believing that militarily significant States and States with larger military capabilities have a special responsibility in promoting such agreements for regional security, Believing also that an important objective of conventional arms control in regions of tension should be to prevent the possibility of military attack launched by surprise and to avoid aggression, 1. Decides to give urgent consideration to the issues involved in conventional arms control at the regional and subregional levels; 2. Requests the Conference on Disarmament to consider the formulation of principles that can serve as a framework for regional agreements on conventional arms control, and looks forward to a report of the Conference on this subject; 3. Requests the Secretary-General, in the meantime, to seek the views of Member States on the subject and to submit a report to the General Assembly at its seventy-sixth session; 4. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-sixth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Conventional arms control at the regional and subregional levels”. 37th plenary meeting 7 December 2020 __________________ 1 See CD/1064.
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A/RES/75/66
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2020 [on the report of the First Committee (A/75/399, para. 96)] 75/66. Follow-up to the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 49/75 K of 15 December 1994, 51/45 M of 10 December 1996, 52/38 O of 9 December 1997, 53/77 W of 4 December 1998, 54/54 Q of 1 December 1999, 55/33 X of 20 November 2000, 56/24 S of 29 November 2001, 57/85 of 22 November 2002, 58/46 of 8 December 2003, 59/83 of 3 December 2004, 60/76 of 8 December 2005, 61/83 of 6 December 2006, 62/39 of 5 December 2007, 63/49 of 2 December 2008, 64/55 of 2 December 2009, 65/76 of 8 December 2010, 66/46 of 2 December 2011, 67/33 of 3 December 2012, 68/42 of 5 December 2013, 69/43 of 2 December 2014, 70/56 of 7 December 2015, 71/58 of 5 December 2016, 72/58 of 4 December 2017, 73/64 of 5 December 2018 and 74/59 of 12 December 2019, Convinced that the continuing existence of nuclear weapons poses a threat to humanity and all life on Earth, and recognizing that the only defence against a nuclear catastrophe is the total elimination of nuclear weapons and the certainty that they will never be produced again, Reaffirming the commitment of the international community to the realization of the goal of a nuclear-weapon-free world through the total elimination of nuclear weapons, Mindful of the solemn obligations of States parties, in particular the obligations undertaken in article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,1 __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 729, No. 10485. A/RES/75/66 Follow-up to the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons 20-16882 2/3 to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, Recalling the principles and objectives for nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament adopted at the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,2 the unequivocal commitment of nuclear-weapon States to accomplish the total elimination of their nuclear arsenals leading to nuclear disarmament, agreed at the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,3 and the action points agreed at the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons as part of the conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions on nuclear disarmament,4 Sharing the deep concern at the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons, and in this context reaffirming the need for all States at all times to comply with applicable international law, including international humanitarian law, Calling upon all nuclear-weapon States to undertake concrete disarmament efforts, and stressing that all States need to make special efforts to achieve and maintain a world without nuclear weapons, Recalling the five-point proposal for nuclear disarmament of the Secretary- General, in which he proposes, inter alia, the consideration of negotiations on a nuclear weapons convention or agreement on a framework of separate mutually reinforcing instruments, backed by a strong system of verification, Noting continued efforts towards realizing nuclear disarmament, including through the Secretary-General’s disarmament agenda, Securing Our Common Future: An Agenda for Disarmament, Recalling the adoption of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in its resolution 50/245 of 10 September 1996, and expressing its satisfaction at the increasing number of States that have signed and ratified the Treaty, Recognizing with satisfaction that the Antarctic Treaty,5 the treaties of Tlatelolco,6 Rarotonga,7 Bangkok8 and Pelindaba9 and the Treaty on a Nuclear- Weapon-Free Zone in Central Asia, as well as Mongolia’s nuclear-weapon-free status, are gradually freeing the entire southern hemisphere and adjacent areas covered by those treaties from nuclear weapons, Recognizing the need for a multilaterally negotiated and legally binding instrument to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the threat or use of nuclear weapons pending the total elimination of nuclear weapons, __________________ 2 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, Part I (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I) and NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I)/Corr.2), annex, decision 2. 3 See 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I and II)), part I, section entitled “Article VI and eighth to twelfth preambular paragraphs”, para. 15. 4 See 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I)), part I. 5 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 402, No. 5778. 6 Ibid., vol. 634, No. 9068. 7 The United Nations Disarmament Yearbook, vol. 10: 1985 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.86.IX.7), appendix VII. 8 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1981, No. 33873. 9 A/50/426, annex. Follow-up to the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons A/RES/75/66 3/3 20-16882 Reaffirming the central role of the Conference on Disarmament as the sole multilateral disarmament negotiating forum, Emphasizing the need for the Conference on Disarmament to commence negotiations on a phased programme for the complete elimination of nuclear weapons with a specified framework of time, Stressing the urgent need for the nuclear-weapon States to accelerate concrete progress on the 13 practical steps to implement article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons leading to nuclear disarmament, contained in the Final Document of the 2000 Review Conference, Recalling the Model Nuclear Weapons Convention submitted to the Secretary- General by Costa Rica and Malaysia in 2007 and circulated by the Secretary- General,10 Welcoming the adoption on 7 July 2017 of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons,11 which has contributed to achieving the objective of a legally binding prohibition of the development, production, testing, deployment, stockpiling, threat or use of nuclear weapons and their destruction under effective international control, Recalling the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons, issued on 8 July 1996,12 1. Underlines once again the unanimous conclusion of the International Court of Justice that there exists an obligation to pursue in good faith and bring to a conclusion negotiations leading to nuclear disarmament in all its aspects under strict and effective international control; 2. Calls once again upon all States to immediately engage in multilateral negotiations leading to nuclear disarmament in all its aspects under strict and effective international control, including under the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons; 3. Requests all States to inform the Secretary-General of the efforts and measures which they have taken with respect to the implementation of the present resolution and nuclear disarmament, and requests the Secretary-General to apprise the General Assembly of that information at its seventy-sixth session; 4. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-sixth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Follow-up to the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons”. 37th plenary meeting 7 December 2020 __________________ 10 A/62/650, annex. 11 A/CONF.229/2017/8. 12 A/51/218, annex.
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A/RES/75/87
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2020 [on the report of the First Committee (A/75/405, para. 7)] 75/87. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty The General Assembly, Reiterating that the cessation of nuclear-weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosions constitutes an effective nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation measure, and convinced that this is a meaningful step in the realization of a systematic process for achieving nuclear disarmament, Recalling that the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, adopted by the General Assembly by its resolution 50/245 of 10 September 1996, was opened for signature on 24 September 1996, Stressing that a universal and effectively verifiable Treaty constitutes a fundamental instrument in the field of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation and will be a major contribution to international peace and security, Stressing also the vital importance and urgency of achieving the entry into force of the Treaty, and affirming its resolute determination, 24 years after the Treaty was opened for signature, to achieve its entry into force, Encouraged by the signing of the Treaty by 184 States, including 41 of the 44 whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, and welcoming the ratification of the Treaty by 168 States, including 36 of the 44 whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, among which there are 3 nuclear-weapon States, Recalling its resolution 74/78 of 12 December 2019, Recalling also the adoption by consensus of the conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,1 in which the Conference, __________________ 1 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I)), part I, Conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions. A/RES/75/87 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 20-16918 2/3 inter alia, reaffirmed the vital importance of the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty as a core element of the international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime and included specific actions to be taken in support of the entry into force of the Treaty, Recalling further the Final Declaration adopted by the eleventh Conference on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, held in New York on 25 September 2019, convened pursuant to article XIV of the Treaty, and welcoming the message issued by the Friends of the Comprehensive Nuclear- Test-Ban Treaty on 1 October 2020, Noting the contribution of diverse and inclusive participation in building and sustaining momentum for the universalization and entry into force of the Treaty, including through the Youth Group of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, Welcoming continuing progress in the development of the Treaty’s verification regime, which advances the Treaty’s primary non-proliferation and disarmament objective, and the establishment of 300 certified facilities of the International Monitoring System network, Recognizing the civil and scientific benefits provided by the Treaty’s global monitoring system, Commending the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test- Ban Treaty Organization for maintaining its vital operations, including that of the International Monitoring System and the International Data Centre, during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, 1. Stresses the vital importance and urgency of signature and ratification, without delay and without conditions, in order to achieve the earliest entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty;2 2. Welcomes the contributions by the signatory States to the work of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, in particular its efforts to ensure that the verification regime of the Treaty will be capable of meeting the verification requirements of the Treaty upon its entry into force, in accordance with article IV of the Treaty, and encourages their continuation; 3. Underlines the need to maintain momentum towards the completion of all elements of the verification regime; 4. Urges all States not to carry out nuclear-weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosions, to maintain their moratoriums in this regard and to refrain from acts that would defeat the object and purpose of the Treaty, while stressing that these measures do not have the same permanent and legally binding effect as the entry into force of the Treaty; 5. Reiterates its condemnation of the six nuclear tests conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in violation of relevant Security Council resolutions, 3 urges full compliance with the obligations under those resolutions, including that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea abandon its nuclear weapons programme and not conduct any further nuclear tests, reaffirms its support for the complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula in a peaceful manner, including through the Six-Party Talks, welcomes all efforts and __________________ 2 See resolution 50/245 and A/50/1027. 3 Including Security Council resolutions 1718 (2006), 1874 (2009), 2094 (2013), 2270 (2016), 2321 (2016) and 2375 (2017). Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty A/RES/75/87 3/3 20-16918 dialogue to this end, including the inter-Korean summits and summits between the United States of America and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and encourages all parties to continue such efforts and dialogue; 6. Urges all States that have not yet signed or ratified, or that have signed but not yet ratified, the Treaty, in particular those whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, to sign and ratify it as soon as possible and to accelerate their ratification processes with a view to ensuring their earliest successful conclusion; 7. Encourages further expressions from among the remaining States whose ratification is needed for the Treaty to enter into force of their intention to pursue and complete the ratification process; 8. Urges all States to remain seized of the issue at the highest political level and, where in a position to do so, to promote adherence to the Treaty through bilateral and joint outreach, seminars and other means; 9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-sixth session the item entitled “Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty”.
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A/RES/76/10
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 1 December 2021 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/76/L.14 and A/76/L.14/Add.1)] 76/10. Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine The General Assembly, Recalling its relevant resolutions, including those adopted at its tenth emergency special session, Recalling also its resolution 73/89 of 6 December 2018, entitled “Comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East”, Recalling further relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973, 478 (1980) of 20 August 1980, 1397 (2002) of 12 March 2002, 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003, 1544 (2004) of 19 May 2004, 1850 (2008) of 16 December 2008 and 2334 (2016) of 23 December 2016, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to the request made in its resolution 75/22 of 2 December 2020,1 Recalling its resolution 58/292 of 6 May 2004, Reaffirming the permanent responsibility of the United Nations with regard to the question of Palestine until it is resolved in all its aspects in accordance with international law and relevant resolutions, Convinced that achieving a just, lasting and comprehensive settlement of the question of Palestine, the core of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is imperative for the attainment of comprehensive and lasting peace and stability in the Middle East, Stressing that the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples is among the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming the principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, __________________ 1 A/76/299-S/2021/749. A/RES/76/10 Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine 21-17757 2/5 Recalling its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, and reiterating the importance of maintaining and strengthening international peace founded upon freedom, equality, justice and respect for fundamental human rights and of developing friendly relations among nations irrespective of their political, economic and social systems or the level of their development, Emphasizing the need for respect for, and the preservation of, the territorial integrity and unity of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, Recalling the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice on the legal consequences of the construction of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory,2 and recalling also its resolutions ES-10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES-10/17 of 15 December 2006, Reaffirming the illegality of Israeli settlement activities and all other unilateral measures aimed at altering the demographic composition, character and status of the City of Jerusalem and of the Occupied Palestinian Territory as a whole, including the wall and its associated regime, demanding their immediate cessation, and condemning any use of force against Palestinian civilians in violation of international law, notably children, Condemning the firing of rockets against Israeli civilian areas, Emphasizing the importance of the safety, protection and well-being of all civilians in the whole Middle East region, and condemning all acts of violence and terror against civilians on all sides, Calling for full respect for international law, including for the protection of civilian life, as well as for the promotion of human security, the de-escalation of the situation, the exercise of restraint, including from provocative actions and rhetoric, and the establishment of a stable environment conducive to the pursuit of peace, Stressing the need for measures to be taken to guarantee the safety and protection of the Palestinian civilian population throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, particularly in the Gaza Strip, consistent with the provisions and obligations of international humanitarian law, and taking note of the report of the Secretary- General on the protection of the Palestinian civilian population, 3 Stressing also the need to ensure accountability for all violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in order to end impunity, ensure justice, deter further violations, protect civilians and promote peace, Calling for the release of the bodies that have not yet been returned to their relatives, in line with international humanitarian law and human rights law, in order to ensure dignified closure in accordance with their religious beliefs and traditions, Recalling the mutual recognition 27 years ago between the Government of the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people,4 and stressing the urgent need for efforts to ensure full compliance with the agreements concluded between the two sides, Stressing the need, in particular, for an immediate halt to all actions contrary to international law that undermine trust and prejudge final status issues, Urging renewed and coordinated efforts by the international community aimed at restoring a political horizon and advancing and accelerating the conclusion of a peace treaty to achieve without delay an end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967 by resolving all outstanding issues, including all final status issues, without exception, for __________________ 2 See A/ES-10/273 and A/ES-10/273/Corr.1. 3 A/ES-10/794. 4 See A/48/486-S/26560, annex. Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine A/RES/76/10 3/5 21-17757 a just, lasting and peaceful settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, in accordance with the internationally recognized basis of the two-State solution, and of the Arab- Israeli conflict, for the realization of a comprehensive peace in the Middle East, Recognizing the efforts being undertaken by the Palestinian Government, with international support, to reform, develop, strengthen and preserve its institutions and infrastructure, despite the obstacles presented by the ongoing Israeli occupation, commending in this regard the ongoing efforts to develop the institutions of an independent Palestinian State, and stressing the need to promote intra-Palestinian reconciliation, Expressing concern about the risks posed to the significant achievements made, as confirmed by the positive assessments by the international institutions regarding readiness for statehood, owing to the negative impact of the current instability and financial crisis being faced by the Palestinian Government and the continued absence of a credible political horizon, Welcoming the ongoing efforts of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee for the Coordination of the International Assistance to Palestinians, chaired by Norway, and noting its recent meeting held with virtual and physical participation at the ministerial level in Oslo on 17 November 2021, Recognizing the positive contribution of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, which is aimed, inter alia, at enhancing development support and assistance to the Palestinian people and strengthening institutional capacity in line with Palestinian national priorities, Welcoming the assistance extended by the Conference on Cooperation among East Asian Countries for Palestinian Development, held in in Ramallah and Jericho in July 2019, in support of Palestinian efforts towards an independent Palestinian State through the sharing of the experience of East Asian countries in economic development and exploring effective means of cooperation, aimed at contributing to the promotion of Palestinian development, the Middle East peace process and regional stability, Taking note of the application of Palestine for admission to membership in the United Nations, submitted on 23 September 2011,5 Taking note also of its resolution 67/19 of 29 November 2012, by which, inter alia, Palestine was accorded non-member observer State status in the United Nations, and taking note further of the follow-up report of the Secretary-General,6 Acknowledging the efforts being undertaken by civil society to promote respect for human rights and a peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine, stressing the need for the protection of civil society actors to allow them to conduct their work freely and without fear of attacks and harassment from any party, and rejecting any attack against civil society, Stressing the urgency of achieving without delay an end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967, Affirming once again the right of all States in the region to live in peace within secure and internationally recognized borders, Recalling the Arab Peace Initiative, adopted by the Council of the League of Arab States at its fourteenth session, held in Beirut on 27 and 28 March 2002, 7 and stressing its importance in the efforts to achieve a just, lasting and comprehensive peace, __________________ 5 A/66/371-S/2011/592, annex I. 6 A/67/738. 7 A/56/1026-S/2002/932, annex II, resolution 14/221. A/RES/76/10 Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine 21-17757 4/5 1. Reiterates its call for the achievement, without delay, of a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East on the basis of the relevant United Nations resolutions, including Security Council resolution 2334 (2016), the Madrid terms of reference, including the principle of land for peace, the Arab Peace Initiative and the Quartet road map,8 and an end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967, including of East Jerusalem, and reaffirms in this regard its unwavering support, in accordance with international law, for the two-State solution of Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security within recognized borders, based on the pre-1967 borders; 2. Stresses the need to urgently exert collective efforts to launch credible negotiations on all final status issues in the Middle East peace process based on the long-standing terms of reference and clear parameters and within the time frame specified by the Quartet in its statement of 21 September 2010, and calls once more for the intensification of efforts by the parties, including through meaningful negotiations, with the support of the international community, towards the conclusion of a final just, lasting and comprehensive peace settlement; 3. Calls for the timely convening of an international conference in Moscow, as envisioned by the Security Council in its resolution 1850 (2008), for the advancement and acceleration of the achievement of a just, lasting and comprehensive peace settlement; 4. Stresses that compliance with and respect for the Charter of the United Nations and international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, is a cornerstone of peace and security in the region; 5. Calls upon both parties to act responsibly and in compliance with international law and their previous agreements and obligations, in both their policies and actions, in order to, with the support of the Quartet and other interested parties, urgently reverse negative trends, including all measures taken on the ground that are contrary to international law, and create the conditions necessary for a credible political horizon and the advancement of peace efforts; 6. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to comply strictly with its obligations under international law and to cease all of its measures that are contrary to international law, including all unilateral actions in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, that are aimed at altering the demographic composition, character and status of the Territory and thus at prejudging the final outcome of peace negotiations, and recalls in this regard the principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of land by force and therefore the illegality of the annexation of any part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, which constitutes a breach of international law, undermines the viability of the two-State solution and challenges the prospects for the achievement of a peaceful settlement and of just, lasting and comprehensive peace; 7. Stresses the need, in particular, for an immediate halt to all settlement activities, land confiscation and home demolitions, for the pursuit of measures to ensure accountability, and for the release of prisoners and an end to arbitrary arrests and detentions; 8. Also stresses the need for respect for and preservation of the territorial unity, contiguity and integrity of all the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem; 9. Further stresses the need for an immediate and complete cessation of all acts of violence, including military attacks, destruction and acts of terror, as well as all acts of provocation and incitement; __________________ 8 S/2003/529, annex. Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine A/RES/76/10 5/5 21-17757 10. Reaffirms its commitment, in accordance with international law, to the two-State solution of Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security within recognized borders, based on the pre-1967 borders; 11. Underscores in this regard the affirmation by the Security Council in its resolution 2334 (2016) of its determination to examine practical ways and means to secure the full implementation of its relevant resolutions; 12. Calls for: (a) The withdrawal of Israel from the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem; (b) The realization of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, primarily the right to self-determination and the right to their independent State; (c) A just resolution of the problem of Palestine refugees in conformity with its resolution 194 (III) of 11 December 1948; 13. Calls upon all States, consistent with their obligations under the Charter and relevant Security Council resolutions, inter alia: (a) Not to recognize any changes to the pre-1967 borders, including with regard to Jerusalem, other than those agreed by the parties through negotiations, including by ensuring that agreements with Israel do not imply recognition of Israeli sovereignty over the territories occupied by Israel in 1967; (b) To distinguish, in their relevant dealings, between the territory of the State of Israel and the territories occupied since 1967; (c) Not to render aid or assistance to illegal settlement activities, including not to provide Israel with any assistance to be used specifically in connection with settlements in the occupied territories, in line with Security Council resolution 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980; (d) To respect and ensure respect for international law, in all circumstances, including through measures of accountability, consistent with international law; 14. Urges all States and the United Nations to continue and expedite the provision of economic, humanitarian and technical assistance to the Palestinian people and the Palestinian Government during this critical period in order to help to alleviate the serious humanitarian situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, which is dire in the Gaza Strip, to rehabilitate the Palestinian economy and infrastructure and to support the development and strengthening of Palestinian institutions and Palestinian State-building efforts in preparation for independence; 15. Requests the Secretary-General, including through his Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority, to continue his efforts with the parties concerned, and in consultation with the Security Council, including with regard to the reporting required pursuant to resolution 2334 (2016), towards the attainment of a peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine and the promotion of peace in the region.
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A/RES/76/105
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2021 [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/76/425, para. 37)] 76/105. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples The General Assembly, Having examined the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2021,1 Recalling its resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and all its subsequent resolutions concerning the implementation of the Declaration, the most recent of which was resolution 75/122 of 10 December 2020, as well as the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, Bearing in mind its resolution 75/123 of 10 December 2020, by which it declared the period 2021–2030 the Fourth International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, and the need to examine ways and means to ascertain the wishes of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories on the basis of resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions on decolonization, Recognizing that the eradication of colonialism has been one of the priorities of the United Nations and continues to be one of its priorities for the Fourth International Decade, Regretting that measures to eliminate colonialism by 2020, as called for in its resolution 65/119 of 10 December 2010, have not been successful, __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-sixth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/76/23). A/RES/76/105 Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples 21-18712 2/5 Reiterating its conviction of the need for the eradication of colonialism, as well as racial discrimination and violations of basic human rights, Noting with satisfaction the continued efforts of the Special Committee in contributing to the effective and complete implementation of the Declaration and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization, Stressing the importance of the formal participation of all administering Powers in the work of the Special Committee with regard to the relevant Territories under their administration in accordance with Article 73 of the Charter of the United Nations, Noting with satisfaction the cooperation and active participation of certain administering Powers in the work of the Special Committee, and encouraging the others also to do so, Noting that, given the extraordinary circumstances relating to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Pacific regional seminar, which was to be held in Indonesia, from 5 to 7 May 2020, could not be held and the Caribbean regional seminar, scheduled to be convened in Dominica, from 19 to 21 May 2021, had to be rescheduled, and welcoming the holding of the regional seminar in the Parish of Saint John, Dominica, from 25 to 27 August 2021, 1. Reaffirms its resolution 1514 (XV) and all other resolutions and decisions on decolonization, including its resolution 75/123, by which it declared the period 2021–2030 the Fourth International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism, and calls upon the administering Powers, in accordance with those resolutions, to take all steps necessary to enable the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to exercise fully as soon as possible their right to self-determination, including independence, on a case-by-case basis; 2. Reaffirms once again that the existence of colonialism in any form or manifestation, including economic exploitation, is incompatible with the Charter of the United Nations, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples2 and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights;3 3. Reaffirms its determination to continue to take all steps necessary to bring about the complete and speedy eradication of colonialism and the faithful observance by all States of the relevant provisions of the Charter, the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; 4. Affirms its support once again for the aspirations of the peoples under colonial rule to exercise their right to self-determination, including independence, in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization; 5. Calls upon the administering Power of each Territory on the agenda of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to cooperate fully in the work of the Special Committee and to participate formally in its future sessions and seminars; 6. Calls upon the administering Powers to cooperate fully with the Special Committee to develop and finalize, as soon as possible, a constructive programme of work on a case-by-case basis for the Non-Self-Governing Territories to facilitate the __________________ 2 Resolution 1514 (XV). 3 Resolution 217 A (III). Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples A/RES/76/105 3/5 21-18712 implementation of the mandate of the Special Committee and the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories; 7. Recalls with satisfaction the professional, open and transparent conduct of both the February 2006 and the October 2007 referendums to determine the future status of Tokelau, monitored by the United Nations; 8. Requests the Special Committee to continue to seek suitable means for the immediate and full implementation of the Declaration and to carry out the actions approved by the General Assembly regarding the International Decades for the Eradication of Colonialism in all Territories that have not yet exercised their right to self-determination, including independence, and in particular: (a) To formulate specific proposals to bring about an end to colonialism and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its seventy-seventh session; (b) To continue to examine the implementation by Member States of resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions on decolonization; (c) To continue to examine the political, economic and social situation in the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and to recommend to the General Assembly, as appropriate, the most suitable steps to be taken to enable the populations of those Territories to exercise their right to self-determination, including independence, in accordance with the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories; (d) To develop and finalize, as soon as possible and in cooperation with the administering Power and the Territory in question, a constructive programme of work on a case-by-case basis for the Non-Self-Governing Territories, to facilitate the implementation of the mandate of the Special Committee and the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories; (e) To continue to dispatch visiting and special missions to the Non-Self- Governing Territories in accordance with the relevant resolutions on decolonization, including resolutions on specific Territories; (f) To conduct seminars, as appropriate, for the purpose of receiving and disseminating information on the work of the Special Committee, and to facilitate participation by the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories in those seminars; (g) To take all steps necessary to enlist worldwide support among Governments, as well as national and international organizations, for the achievement of the objectives of the Declaration and the implementation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations; (h) To observe annually the Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self- Governing Territories; 9. Calls upon the administering Powers to continue to cooperate with the Special Committee in the discharge of its mandate and, inter alia, to facilitate visiting missions of the Committee to the Territories on a case-by-case basis and in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions on specific Territories; 10. Reaffirms that the United Nations visiting missions to the Non-Self- Governing Territories, where applicable, are an effective means of ascertaining the situation of the peoples of the Territories, in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions on specific Territories, and therefore requests the Special Committee to undertake at least one visiting mission a year; A/RES/76/105 Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples 21-18712 4/5 11. Recalls that the plan of action for the Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism,4 updated as necessary, represents an important legislative authority for the attainment of self-government by the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and that the case-by-case assessment of the attainment of self-government in each Territory can make an important contribution to this process; 12. Calls upon all States, in particular the administering Powers, as well as the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, to give effect within their respective spheres of competence to the recommendations of the Special Committee for the implementation of the Declaration and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations; 13. Calls upon the administering Powers to ensure that economic and other activities in the Non-Self-Governing Territories under their administration do not adversely affect the interests of the peoples but instead promote development, and to assist them in the exercise of their right to self-determination; 14. Calls upon the administering Powers concerned to terminate military activities and eliminate military bases in the Non-Self-Governing Territories under their administration in compliance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly; 15. Urges the administering Powers to take effective measures to safeguard and guarantee the inalienable rights of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to their natural resources and to establish and maintain control over the future development of those resources, and requests the relevant administering Powers to take all steps necessary to protect the property rights of the peoples of those Territories; 16. Urges all States, directly and through their action in the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, to provide moral and material assistance, as needed, to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and requests the administering Powers to take steps to enlist and make effective use of all possible assistance, on both a bilateral and a multilateral basis, in the strengthening of the economies of those Territories; 17. Requests the Secretary-General, the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to provide economic, social and other assistance to the Non-Self-Governing Territories and to continue to do so, as appropriate, after they exercise their right to self-determination, including independence; 18. Requests the Secretary-General, President pro tempore of the Special Committee, to meet informally at least once a year with the Chair and the Bureau of the Committee during the intersessional period, in order to explore innovative ways of using his good offices to help to advance the decolonization agenda on a case-by- case basis; 19. Approves the report of the Special Committee covering its work during 2021, in which the programme of work for 2022 is outlined, in particular the Pacific regional seminar and a visiting mission to one of the Territories on its agenda, in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions on specific Territories; 20. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to review the resources at the disposal of the Special Committee in order to ensure that the Committee has the funding, facilities and services commensurate with its envisioned yearly programmes, __________________ 4 A/56/61, annex. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples A/RES/76/105 5/5 21-18712 as mandated in relevant General Assembly resolutions, including, especially, in paragraph 8 of the present resolution.
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A/RES/76/151
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 December 2021 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/76/461, para. 20)] 76/151. Use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination The General Assembly, Recalling all of its previous resolutions on the subject, including resolution 75/171 of 16 December 2020, and Human Rights Council resolutions on the subject, including resolution 48/5 of 7 October 2021, as well as all resolutions adopted by the Commission on Human Rights in this regard, Recalling also all of its relevant resolutions, in which, inter alia, it condemned any State that permitted or tolerated the recruitment, financing, training, assembly, transit or use of mercenaries with the objective of overthrowing the Governments of States Members of the United Nations, especially those of developing countries, or of fighting against national liberation movements, and recalling further the relevant resolutions and international instruments adopted by the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the Organization of African Unity, inter alia, the Organization of African Unity Convention for the elimination of mercenarism in Africa,1 as well as by the African Union, Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations concerning the strict observance of the principles of sovereign equality, political independence, the territorial integrity of States, the self-determination of peoples, the non-use of force or of the threat of use of force in international relations and non-interference in affairs within the domestic jurisdiction of States, Reaffirming also that, by virtue of the principle of self-determination, all peoples have the right freely to determine their political status and to pursue their economic, social and cultural development and that every State has the duty to respect this right in accordance with the provisions of the Charter, __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1490, No. 25573. A/RES/76/151 Use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination 21-19179 2/4 Deeply concerned at the continuation of acts or threats of foreign military intervention and occupation that are threatening to suppress, or have already suppressed, the right to self-determination of peoples and nations, Reaffirming the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,2 Acknowledging with appreciation the work and contributions of the open-ended intergovernmental working group established by the Human Rights Council with the mandate of considering the possibility of elaborating an international regulatory framework, including the option of elaborating a legally binding instrument on the regulation, monitoring and oversight of the activities of private military and security companies, Alarmed and concerned at the danger that the activities of mercenaries constitute to peace and security in developing countries in various parts of the world, in particular in areas of armed conflict, and about the threat they pose to the integrity of and respect for the constitutional order of the affected countries, Deeply concerned at the loss of life, the substantial damage to property and the negative effects on the policies and economies of affected countries resulting from international criminal mercenary activities, Convinced that, notwithstanding the way in which mercenaries or mercenary- related activities are used or the form that they take to acquire some semblance of legitimacy, they are a threat to peace, security and the self-determination of peoples and an obstacle to the enjoyment of all human rights by peoples, 1. Takes note with appreciation of the latest report of the Working Group of the Human Rights Council on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination;3 2. Reaffirms that the use of mercenaries and their recruitment, financing, protection and training are causes for grave concern to all States and that they violate the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations; 3. Recognizes that armed conflict, terrorism, arms trafficking and covert operations by third Powers encourage, inter alia, the demand for mercenaries on the global market; 4. Urges, once again, all States to take the steps necessary and to exercise the utmost vigilance against the menace posed by the activities of mercenaries and to take legislative measures to ensure that their territories and other territories under their control are not used for, and that their nationals do not take part in, the recruitment, assembly, financing, training, protection or transit of mercenaries for the planning of activities designed to impede the right of peoples to self-determination, to destabilize or overthrow the Government of any State or to dismember or impair, totally or in part, the territorial integrity or political unity of sovereign and independent States conducting themselves in accordance with the right of peoples to self-determination; 5. Requests all States to exercise the utmost vigilance against any kind of recruitment, training, hiring or financing of mercenaries by private companies offering international military consultancy and security services, and to impose a specific ban on such companies intervening in armed conflicts or actions to destabilize constitutional regimes; __________________ 2 Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex. 3 A/76/151. Use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination A/RES/76/151 3/4 21-19179 6. Encourages States that import military assistance or consultancy and security services provided by private companies to establish national regulatory mechanisms for registering and licensing those companies in order to ensure that the imported services provided by those private companies neither impede the enjoyment of human rights nor violate human rights in the recipient country; 7. Emphasizes its utmost concern about the impact of the activities of private military and security companies on the enjoyment of human rights, in particular when operating in armed conflicts, and notes that private military and security companies and their personnel are rarely held accountable for violations of human rights; 8. Calls upon all States that have not yet done so to consider acceding to or ratifying the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries;4 9. Welcomes the cooperation extended by those countries that have received a visit by the Working Group on the use of mercenaries since the establishment of its mandate and the adoption by some States of national legislation that restricts the recruitment, assembly, financing, training and transit of mercenaries; 10. Condemns recent mercenary activities in developing countries in various parts of the world, in particular in areas of conflict, and the threat they pose to the integrity of and respect for the constitutional order of those countries and the exercise of the right of their peoples to self-determination, and stresses the importance for the Working Group on the use of mercenaries of looking into sources and root causes, as well as the political motivations of mercenaries and for mercenary-related activities; 11. Calls upon States to investigate the possibility of mercenary involvement whenever and wherever criminal acts of a terrorist nature occur and to bring to trial those found responsible or to consider their extradition, if so requested, in accordance with national law and applicable bilateral or international treaties; 12. Condemns any form of impunity granted to perpetrators of mercenary activities and to those responsible for the use, recruitment, financing and training of mercenaries, and urges all States, in accordance with their obligations under international law, to bring them, without distinction, to justice; 13. Calls upon Member States, in accordance with their obligations under international law, to cooperate with and assist the judicial prosecution of those accused of mercenary activities in transparent, open and fair trials; 14. Requests the Working Group on the use of mercenaries and other experts to continue their participation, including by submitting contributions, in other subsidiary bodies of the Human Rights Council considering issues related to the use of mercenaries and mercenary-related activities in all their forms and manifestations, including private military and security companies; 15. Requests the Working Group on the use of mercenaries to continue its work with respect to the strengthening of the international legal framework for the prevention and sanction of the recruitment, use, financing and training of mercenaries, taking into account the proposal for a new legal definition of a mercenary drafted by the Special Rapporteur on the use of mercenaries as a means of impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination in his report submitted to the Commission on Human Rights at its sixtieth session 5 and the evolving phenomenon of mercenaries and its related forms; __________________ 4 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2163, No. 37789. 5 See E/CN.4/2004/15, para. 47. A/RES/76/151 Use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination 21-19179 4/4 16. Also requests the Working Group on the use of mercenaries to continue to study and identify sources and causes, emerging issues, manifestations and trends regarding mercenaries or mercenary-related activities and private military and security companies and their impact on human rights, particularly on the right of peoples to self-determination; 17. Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, as a matter of priority, to publicize the adverse effects of the activities of mercenaries on the right of peoples to self-determination and, when requested and where necessary, to render advisory services to States that are affected by those activities; 18. Recommends that all Member States, including those confronted with the phenomenon of private military and security companies, as contracting States, States of operations, home States or States whose nationals are employed to work for a private military and security company, contribute to the work of the open-ended intergovernmental working group, taking into account the initial work done by the Working Group on the use of mercenaries; 19. Urges all States to cooperate fully with the Working Group on the use of mercenaries in the fulfilment of its mandate; 20. Requests the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide the Working Group on the use of mercenaries with all the assistance and support necessary for the fulfilment of its mandate, both professional and financial, including through the promotion of cooperation between the Working Group and other components of the United Nations system that deal with countering mercenary-related activities, in order to meet the demands of its current and future activities; 21. Requests the Working Group on the use of mercenaries to consult States and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations on the implementation of the present resolution and to report, with specific recommendations, to the General Assembly at its seventy-seventh session its findings on the use of mercenaries to undermine the enjoyment of all human rights and to impede the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination; 22. Decides to consider the question of the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination at its seventy-seventh session under the item entitled “Right of peoples to self-determination”.
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A/RES/76/178
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 16 December 2021 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/76/462/Add.3, para. 34)] 76/178. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran The General Assembly, Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, as well as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,1 the International Covenants on Human Rights2 and other international human rights instruments, Recalling its previous resolutions on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the most recent of which is resolution 75/191 of 16 December 2020, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to resolution 75/1913 and the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran,4 submitted pursuant to Council resolution 46/18 of 23 March 2021;5 2. Recalls the statements made by the new President of the Islamic Republic of Iran with regard to the human rights situation in the country; 3. Welcomes the continuing efforts of the Islamic Republic of Iran to host one of the largest refugee populations in the world, including approximately 1 million registered Afghan refugees, and to provide them with access to basic services, in particular health care, including coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccinations, and education for children; __________________ 1 Resolution 217 A (III). 2 Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 3 A/76/268. 4 A/76/160. 5 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/76/53), chap. V, sect. A. A/RES/76/178 Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran 21-19216 2/7 4. Also welcomes the approval in May 2018 by the Parliament of the Islamic Republic of Iran of the Law for the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and subsequent discussions regarding its implementation, while noting that the law remains unimplemented, and urges the authorities to work together with civil society and persons with disabilities to ensure that sufficient State funds are allocated for its implementation and monitoring; 5. Acknowledges the commitments made by the Iranian authorities with regard to improving the situation of women and girls, and calls upon the relevant Iranian authorities to ensure the swift adoption and implementation of the bill on protecting women against violence presented to Parliament in January 2021, as well as the implementation of the amendment to the Nationality Law, which gives Iranian women married to men with foreign nationality the right to request Iranian citizenship for their children under the age of 18 years; 6. Welcomes the adoption of a bill to protect children and adolescents, noting the effort to prioritize children’s education and the online schooling programme launched to facilitate virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, and emphasizes the importance of continuing discussions on prohibiting child, early and forced marriage, female genital mutilation, child torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, removing the death penalty for child offenders and equalizing the age of criminal responsibility for both girls and boys; 7. Also welcomes the engagement of the Islamic Republic of Iran with human rights treaty bodies, including through the submission of periodic reports, and notes in particular the engagement of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its participation in the universal periodic review; 8. Further welcomes the ongoing contact with and dialogue between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as the invitations extended to other special procedure mandate holders; 9. Welcomes the expressed readiness of the Iranian High Council for Human Rights and other Iranian officials to engage in bilateral dialogues on human rights, and calls upon them to increase such dialogues or resume those that have been paused; 10. Acknowledges the efforts of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights, in cooperation with international aid organizations, welcomes the recent acceleration of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, and calls upon the Government to continue to combat sexual and gender-based violence, including sexual assault and sexual and gender-based violence affecting intimate partners, including during the COVID-19 pandemic; 11. Expresses serious concern at the alarmingly high frequency of the imposition and carrying-out of the death penalty by the Islamic Republic of Iran, in violation of its international obligations, including executions undertaken against persons on the basis of forced confessions or for crimes that do not qualify as the most serious crimes, including crimes that are overly broad or vaguely defined, in violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 6 expresses serious concern at the disproportionate application of the death penalty to persons belonging to minorities, who are particularly targeted for death sentences relating to their alleged involvement in political groups, expresses concern at the continuing __________________ 6 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran A/RES/76/178 3/7 21-19216 disregard for internationally recognized safeguards, including executions undertaken without prior notification of the prisoner’s family members or legal counsel, as required by Iranian law, and calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to abolish, in law and in practice, public executions, which are contrary to the 2008 directive seeking to end this practice issued by the former head of the judiciary, and to consider establishing a moratorium on executions; 12. Also expresses serious concern at the continued imposition of the death penalty by the Islamic Republic of Iran against minors, and urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to cease the imposition of the death penalty against minors, including persons who at the time of their offence were under the age of 18, in violation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 7 and to commute the sentences for child offenders on death row; 13. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to ensure, in law and in practice, that no one is subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, which may include sexual violence, and punishments that are grossly disproportionate to the nature of the offence, in conformity with amendments to the Penal Code, the constitutional guarantees of the Islamic Republic of Iran and international obligations and standards, including but not limited to the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules), 8 and to ensure that allegations of torture are promptly and impartially investigated; 14. Urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to cease the widespread and systematic use of arbitrary arrests and detention, including the continued use of this practice to target dual and foreign nationals, and the practices of enforced disappearance and incommunicado detention, to release those who have been arbitrarily detained and to account for the fate or whereabouts of those subjected to enforced disappearance, and to uphold, in law and in practice, procedural guarantees to ensure fair trial standards, including timely access to legal representation of one’s choice, in a language that the accused speaks and understands, from the time of arrest through all stages of trial and all appeals, the right not to be subjected to torture, cruel and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and consideration of bail and other reasonable terms for release from custody pending trial, and calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to ensure that it meets its obligations under article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations9 in relation to communication with and access to nationals of sending States who are in prison, custody or detention; 15. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to release persons detained for the exercise of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, including those who have been detained solely for taking part in peaceful protests, including the nationwide protests of November 2019 and January 2020, to uphold the human rights of those involved in peaceful protests, to consider rescinding unduly harsh sentences, including those involving the death penalty and long-term internal exile, and to end reprisals against human rights defenders, peaceful protesters and their families, journalists and media workers covering the protests, and individuals who cooperate or attempt to cooperate with the United Nations human rights mechanisms, and emphasizes the commitments made by judicial authorities to review the cases of those arrested in connection with the 2019 protests; 16. Expresses serious concern at the restrictions on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, and the use of excessive force with respect to __________________ 7 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531. 8 Resolution 70/175, annex. 9 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 596, No. 8638. A/RES/76/178 Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran 21-19216 4/7 the peaceful protests regarding water shortages in July 2021 and labour rights between March 2020 and July 2021, calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to release human rights defenders working on labour and environmental issues subjected to arbitrary arrest and detention, and prison sentences, and urges the Government to address violations of the rights to social security and to just and favourable conditions of work, and to address wage arrears, denial of employee protections and benefits, unjustified dismissals and low worker wages, and to increase wages and pensions to ensure an adequate living standard; 17. Strongly urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to end violations of the rights to freedom of expression and of opinion, both online and offline, which includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information, and to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, including through practices such as disrupting communications through Internet shutdowns, or measures to unlawfully or arbitrarily block or take down media websites and social networks, and other widespread restrictions on Internet access or dissemination of information online; 18. Encourages the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to cooperate with all relevant authorities on investigations into allegations of harassment and intimidation of some families of the victims of the downing of Ukraine International Airlines flight 752, and calls upon the Government to ensure accountability for the downing; 19. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to address the poor conditions of prisons, recognizing the particular risks for prisoners in the context of COVID-19 and welcoming in this regard the initiative to temporarily furlough prisoners so as to mitigate the risks associated with COVID-19 in prisons, to end the practice of deliberately denying prisoners access to adequate medical treatment and supplies, safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, or making such access contingent upon confession, and to put an end to the continued and sustained house arrest of opposition figures arrested following the 2009 post-presidential election protests, calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to establish credible and independent prison oversight authorities to investigate reports of suspicious deaths in detention and complaints of abuse, noting in particular appalling acts committed by prison guards at Evin prison, and urges the relevant authorities to conduct transparent, independent, impartial investigations and ensure accountability; 20. Also calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the judicial and security branches, to create and maintain, in law and in practice, a safe and enabling environment, both online and offline, in which an independent, diverse and pluralistic civil society can operate free from hindrance, insecurity and reprisals, to end its harassment, intimidation and persecution, including abductions, arrests and executions, of political opponents, human rights defenders, including minority and women human rights defenders and those defending the rights of persons belonging to minority groups, labour and trade union activists, students’ rights defenders, environmentalists, academics, film-makers, journalists, bloggers, social media users and social media page administrators, media workers, religious leaders, artists, lawyers and their families, whether they are Iranians, dual nationals or foreign nationals, and wherever it may occur; 21. Strongly urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination and other human rights violations against women and girls, to take measures to ensure protection for women and girls against violence and their equal protection and access to justice, including by addressing gaps, adopting and implementing the January 2021 draft bill on protecting women against violence to address the concerning increase of child, early and forced marriage, as recommended by the Committee on the Rights of the Child, to promote, support and Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran A/RES/76/178 5/7 21-19216 enable women’s participation in political and other decision-making processes, and, while recognizing the high enrolment of women in all levels of education in the Islamic Republic of Iran, to lift restrictions on women’s equal access to free, equitable primary and secondary education and women’s free, equal and meaningful participation in the labour market and in all aspects of economic, cultural, social and political life, including participation in and attendance at sporting events, and expresses concern that a bill on youth and protection of the family currently in Parliament would, in its current form, undermine the rights of women and girls to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health; 22. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to release women human rights defenders imprisoned for exercising their rights, including the rights to freedom of association and peaceful assembly and the right to freedom of expression and opinion, and to take appropriate, robust and practical steps to protect women human rights defenders and guarantee their full enjoyment of all their human rights; 23. Also calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination and other human rights violations against persons belonging to ethnic, linguistic or other minorities, including but not limited to Arabs, Azeris, Balochis, Kurds and Turkmen, and their defenders; 24. Expresses serious concern about ongoing severe limitations and increasing restrictions on the right to freedom of thought, conscience, religion or belief, restrictions on the establishment of places of worship, undue restrictions on burials carried out in accordance with religious tenets, attacks against places of worship and burial and other human rights violations, including but not limited to the increased harassment, intimidation, persecution, arbitrary arrest and detention of, and incitement to hatred that leads to violence against, persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities, including Christians, Gonabadi Dervishes, Jews, Sufi Muslims, Sunni Muslims, Yarsanis, Zoroastrians and Baha’is, who have faced increasing restrictions and systemic persecution by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran on account of their faith and have been reportedly subjected to mass arrests and lengthy prison sentences during the COVID-19 pandemic, and calls upon the Government to cease monitoring individuals on account of their religious identity, to release all religious practitioners imprisoned for their membership in or activities on behalf of a recognized or unrecognized minority religious group, to cease the desecration of cemeteries and to ensure that everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief, including the freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of their choice, in accordance with its obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; 25. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms of discrimination on the basis of thought, conscience, religion or belief, including restrictions contained in newly enacted provisions article 499 bis and article 500 bis of the Islamic Penal Code, as well as economic restrictions, such as the closure, destruction or confiscation of businesses and properties, the cancellation of licences and the denial of employment in certain public and private sectors, including government or military positions and elected office, the denial of and restrictions on access to education, including for members of the Baha’i faith, and other human rights violations against persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities, condemns without any reservation any denial of the Holocaust, and calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to end impunity for those who commit crimes against persons belonging to recognized and unrecognized religious minorities; 26. Also calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to launch a comprehensive accountability process, including legal reforms, reiterating the importance of credible, independent and impartial investigations in response to all cases of serious human A/RES/76/178 Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran 21-19216 6/7 rights violations, including allegations of excessive use of force, arbitrary arrest and detention, and torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment against peaceful protesters and political prisoners, failure to respect fair trial guarantees, and the use of torture to extract confessions, and cases of suspicious deaths in custody, as well as long-standing violations involving the Iranian judiciary and security agencies, including enforced disappearances, extrajudicial executions and destruction of evidence in relation to such violations, and calls upon the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to end impunity for such violations and ensure the availability of effective remedies for victims; 27. Further calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to implement its obligations under those human rights treaties to which it is already a party, to withdraw any reservations that are imprecise or could be considered incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty, to act upon the concluding observations concerning the Islamic Republic of Iran adopted by the bodies of the international human rights treaties to which it is a party and to consider ratifying or acceding to the international human rights treaties to which it is not already a party; 28. Calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to deepen its engagement with international human rights mechanisms by: (a) Cooperating fully with the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, including by accepting the repeated requests made by the Special Rapporteur to visit the country in order to carry out the mandate; (b) Increasing cooperation with other special mechanisms, including by facilitating long-standing requests for access to the country from thematic special procedure mandate holders, whose access to its territory has been restricted or denied, despite the standing invitation issued by the Islamic Republic of Iran, without imposing undue conditions upon those visits; (c) Continuing to enhance its cooperation with the treaty bodies, including by submitting reports under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination10 and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; 11 (d) Implementing all accepted universal periodic review recommendations from its first cycle, in 2010, its second cycle, in 2014, and its third cycle, in 2019, with the full and genuine participation of independent civil society and other stakeholders in the implementation process; (e) Building upon the engagement of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the universal periodic review process by continuing to explore cooperation on human rights and justice reform with the United Nations, including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; (f) Following through on its commitment to establish an independent national human rights institution, made in the context of both its first and its second universal periodic reviews by the Human Rights Council, with due regard for the recommendation of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; 29. Also calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to continue to translate the statements made by the new President of the Islamic Republic of Iran with respect to human rights into concrete action that results in demonstrable improvements as soon as possible and to ensure that its national laws are consistent with its obligations under __________________ 10 Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464. 11 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. Situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran A/RES/76/178 7/7 21-19216 international human rights law and that they are implemented in accordance with its international obligations; 30. Further calls upon the Islamic Republic of Iran to address the substantive concerns highlighted in the reports of the Secretary-General and the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as the specific calls to action found in previous resolutions of the General Assembly, and to respect fully its human rights obligations in law and in practice; 31. Strongly encourages the relevant thematic special procedure mandate holders to pay particular attention to, with a view to investigating and reporting on, the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran; 32. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-seventh session on the progress made in the implementation of the present resolution, including options and recommendations to improve its implementation, and to submit an interim report to the Human Rights Council at its fiftieth session; 33. Decides to continue its examination of the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran at its seventy-seventh session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”.
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A/RES/76/192
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 17 December 2021 [on the report of the Second Committee (A/76/531/Add.2, para. 7)] 76/192. International financial system and development The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 55/186 of 20 December 2000 and 56/181 of 21 December 2001, entitled “Towards a strengthened and stable international financial architecture responsive to the priorities of growth and development, especially in developing countries, and to the promotion of economic and social equity”, as well as its resolutions 57/241 of 20 December 2002, 58/202 of 23 December 2003, 59/222 of 22 December 2004, 60/186 of 22 December 2005, 61/187 of 20 December 2006, 62/185 of 19 December 2007, 63/205 of 19 December 2008, 64/190 of 21 December 2009, 65/143 of 20 December 2010, 66/187 of 22 December 2011, 67/197 of 21 December 2012, 68/201 of 20 December 2013, 69/206 of 19 December 2014, 70/188 of 22 December 2015, 71/215 of 21 December 2016, 72/203 of 20 December 2017, 73/220 of 20 December 2018, 74/202 of 19 December 2019 and 75/204 of 21 December 2020, Reaffirming its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in which it adopted a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Sustainable Development Goals and targets, its commitment to working tirelessly for the full implementation of the Agenda by 2030, its recognition that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, its commitment to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner, and to building upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to address their unfinished business, Reaffirming also its resolution 69/313 of 27 July 2015 on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, A/RES/76/192 International financial system and development 21-19247 2/11 which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supports and complements it, helps to contextualize its means of implementation targets with concrete policies and actions, and reaffirms the strong political commitment to address the challenge of financing and creating an enabling environment at all levels for sustainable development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity, Recalling the Doha Declaration on Financing for Development: outcome document of the Follow-up International Conference on Financing for Development to Review the Implementation of the Monterrey Consensus, held in Doha from 29 November to 2 December 2008,1 Recalling also the United Nations Millennium Declaration, 2 its resolution 56/210 B of 9 July 2002, in which it endorsed the Monterrey Consensus of the International Conference on Financing for Development, 3 the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, 4 Agenda 21, 5 the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 216 and the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development,7 Recalling further the Conference on the World Financial and Economic Crisis and Its Impact on Development and its outcome document, 8 recognizing the work undertaken by the Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group of the General Assembly to follow up on the issues contained in the Outcome of the Conference, and recalling its progress report,9 Recalling the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20 to 22 June 2012, and its outcome document, entitled “The future we want”,10 Appreciating the fact that the Summit of the Group of 20 held in Hangzhou, China, on 4 and 5 September 2016, with the broad participation of developing countries, including the Chair of the Group of 77, endorsed the Group of 20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as an important contribution to the global implementation of the 2030 Agenda, recalling that the Summit of the Group of 20 held in Hamburg, Germany, on 7 and 8 July 2017 endorsed the Hamburg Update: Taking Forward the Group of 20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, recalling also that the Summit of the Group of 20 held in Buenos Aires on 30 November and 1 December 2018 endorsed the Buenos Aires Update: Moving Forward the Group of 20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, recalling further that the Summit of the Group of 20 held in Osaka, Japan, on 28 and 29 June 2019 endorsed the Osaka Update on the Group of 20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, recalling that the Summit of the Group of 20, held virtually on 21 and 22 November 2020, endorsed __________________ 1 Resolution 63/239, annex. 2 Resolution 55/2. 3 Report of the International Conference on Financing for Development, Monterrey, Mexico, 18−22 March 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.02.II.A.7), chap. I, resolution 1, annex. 4 Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3−14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and corrigendum), resolution 1, annex I. 5 Ibid., annex II. 6 Resolution S-19/2, annex. 7 Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August–4 September 2002 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.03.II.A.1 and corrigendum), chap. I, resolution 2, annex. 8 Resolution 63/303, annex. 9 A/64/884. 10 Resolution 66/288, annex. International financial system and development A/RES/76/192 3/11 21-19247 the Riyadh Update on the Group of 20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and looking forward to their implementation, while urging the Group of 20 to continue to engage in an inclusive and transparent manner with other States Members of the United Nations in its work in order to ensure that the initiatives of the Group of 20 complement or strengthen the United Nations system, Noting the holding of the twenty-fourth Saint Petersburg International Economic Forum in Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, from 2 to 5 June 2021, and noting also the Financing for Development in the Era of COVID-19 and Beyond Initiative, Noting with great concern the severe negative impact on human health, safety and well-being caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the severe disruption to societies and economies and the devastating impact on lives and livelihoods, and that the poorest and most vulnerable are the hardest hit by the pandemic, reaffirming the ambition to get back on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by designing and implementing sustainable and inclusive recovery strategies to accelerate progress towards the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and to help to reduce the risk of and build resilience to future shocks, crises and pandemics, including by strengthening health systems and achieving universal health coverage, and recognizing that equitable and timely access for all to safe, quality, effective and affordable COVID-19 vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics are an essential part of a global response based on unity, solidarity, renewed multilateral cooperation and the principle of leaving no one behind, Noting with great concern also that the COVID-19 pandemic, and the social and economic crisis that it has triggered, has amplified underlying risks in the international financial system and brought to the fore the growing importance of non-economic risks, including climate risks, as well as opportunities and risks associated with the rapid digitization of the economy, that women, young people and informal and low-skilled workers face a higher share of job losses, that many micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises have had to close or are at risk of closing amid uncertain prospects for economic recovery and the emergence of new variants of the coronavirus, that most developing countries lack the resources to implement large- scale monetary and fiscal policy responses and that debt risks and liquidity constraints remain elevated for many developing countries, leading to a risk of a diverging and uneven recovery, while recognizing the steps that the international community, including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the Group of 20, along with regional financial arrangements and development banks, has taken to respond to the crisis through increased global liquidity and debt relief measures for the poorest countries, and recognizing that the COVID-19 crisis has exposed gaps and vulnerabilities in the international system and underscored the importance of strengthening the global financial safety net and the need to work together to help to build a more resilient and sustainable global economy and that more remains to be done, also noting that the scale and prolonged duration of the crisis call for continued concerted and inclusive efforts to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic on economies and people and to ensure a more inclusive, sustainable and resilient recovery, Recognizing that the COVID-19 pandemic and the remaining effects of the world financial and economic crisis have undermined debt sustainability and progress towards achieving the internationally agreed development goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals, especially in developing countries, and stressing the need to better prepare for such crises that may happen in the future, including by addressing the lessons learned, improving confidence, sustaining economic growth and promoting full and productive employment and decent work for all women and A/RES/76/192 International financial system and development 21-19247 4/11 men, including young people, older persons and people with disabilities, and by continuing to promote global economic stability and the underlying institutional reforms required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, Expressing concern about the adverse impact of the continuing fragility of the global economy, the slow pace of the restoration of global growth and trade, increasing protectionism and inward-looking policies, with increasing systemic risks that threaten financial stability, including in developing countries, Expressing concern also at the continued decline in correspondent banking relationships, impacting the ability to send and receive international payments, with potential consequences for the cost of remittances, financial inclusion and international trade, among other areas, and thus for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, Reaffirming the purposes of the United Nations, as set forth in its Charter, including to achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of common ends, and reiterating the need to strengthen the leadership role of the United Nations in promoting development, Recognizing the contribution of the original and reconvened Panel of Eminent Persons of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in the context of the United Nations sustainable development pillar and United Nations reform, as well as the contribution of the United Nations system to sustainable finance and investments in the Sustainable Development Goals, and recognizing also the contribution of the independent team of advisers to the Economic and Social Council dialogue on the longer-term positioning of the United Nations development system in the context of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, Recognizing also that adequate incentives for international investors to adopt longer-term investment strategies can support the achievement of sustainable development and potentially reduce capital market volatility, Emphasizing that the international financial system should bolster sustainable, inclusive and sustained economic growth, sustainable development and job creation, promote financial inclusion and support efforts to eradicate poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, and hunger, in particular in developing countries, while allowing for the coherent mobilization of all sources of financing for development, Taking note of the work of the United Nations in the area of external debt sustainability and development, Recognizing the importance of scaling up international tax cooperation, and in this regard welcoming the work of the Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters and the support to tax authorities of developing countries through the Addis Tax Initiative, which contribute to the mobilization of domestic resources for the Sustainable Development Goals and the curbing of illicit financial flows and tax evasion, Recognizing also the need to reduce mechanistic reliance on credit-rating agency assessments, including in regulations, and to promote increased competition as well as measures to avoid conflict of interest in the provision of credit ratings in order to improve the quality of ratings, acknowledging the efforts of the Financial Stability Board and others in this area, expressing support for establishing greater transparency requirements for evaluation standards of credit-rating agencies, and affirming the commitment to continue ongoing work on these issues, International financial system and development A/RES/76/192 5/11 21-19247 Acknowledging the 2016 implementation of quota and governance reforms at the International Monetary Fund and the 2018 agreement on shareholding reforms at the World Bank Group, including a general capital increase, a selective capital increase and a financial sustainability framework, the conclusion of the fifteenth general quota review by the Board of Governors of the Fund in February 2020, and an early twentieth replenishment process of the International Development Association, to be concluded in December 2021, and acknowledging also that, in October 2016, the Chinese renminbi officially became the fifth currency in the special drawing rights basket, pursuant to the decision taken by the Executive Board of the Fund in November 2015, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;11 2. Recognizes the need to continue and intensify efforts to enhance the coherence and consistency of the international monetary, financial and trading systems, reiterates the importance of ensuring their openness, fairness and inclusiveness in order to complement national efforts to ensure sustainable development, including strong, sustained, balanced, inclusive and equitable economic growth, and that all men and women, in particular the poor and vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources and appropriate financial services, and the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals, and encourages the international financial institutions to align their programmes and policies with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 12 in accordance with their mandates; 3. Notes that the United Nations, on the basis of its universal membership and legitimacy, provides a unique and key forum for discussing international economic issues and their impact on development, and reaffirms that the United Nations is well positioned to participate in various reform processes aimed at improving and strengthening the effective functioning of the international financial system and architecture, while recognizing that the United Nations and the international financial institutions have complementary mandates that make the coordination of their actions crucial; 4. Recognizes the important efforts undertaken nationally, regionally and internationally to respond to the challenges posed by the latest global financial and economic crisis, and also recognizes that more needs to be done in order to promote the economic recovery, to manage the consequences of volatility in global financial and commodity markets, to tackle high unemployment and rising indebtedness in many countries, as well as widespread fiscal strains, to reinforce the banking sector, including by increasing its transparency and accountability, to address systemic fragilities and imbalances, to reform and strengthen the international financial system and to continue and to enhance the coordination of financial and economic policies at the international level; 5. Acknowledges that endeavours to overcome the crisis must go beyond short-term relief, and recognizes the need for continued action to support the developing countries, including middle-income countries, that are most in need, on an inclusive basis, including through enhanced cooperation between the United Nations and international financial institutions and multilateral and regional development banks, according to their respective mandates, net positive flows from the international financial institutions to developing countries, sufficient concessional finance by, inter alia, enhancing access to concessional, long-term loans and development assistance while mobilizing catalytically additional resources from the __________________ 11 A/76/230. 12 Resolution 70/1. A/RES/76/192 International financial system and development 21-19247 6/11 private sector and assisting developing countries in addressing debt vulnerability in the immediate term and in attaining debt sustainability in the long term, recommends the full and transparent implementation by all official bilateral creditors of the Group of 20 Debt Service Suspension Initiative along with its extension until December 2021, and the orderly, timely and effective implementation of the Common Framework for Debt Treatments beyond the Debt Service Suspension Initiative, endorsed at the leaders’ summit hosted by Saudi Arabia on COVID-19 and negotiated further under the presidency of Italy, noting the need for greater collaboration of credit rating agencies in this regard, welcomes existing liquidity support for countries with liquidity constraints, for example the International Monetary Fund Catastrophe Containment and Relief Trust, which has provided 851 million United States dollars to 29 countries as of end-October 2021, also welcomes the International Monetary Fund’s special drawing rights allocation of the equivalent of 650 billion dollars of 23 August 2021 to meet the long-term global need to supplement reserve assets, and encourages countries with strong external positions to seek options for voluntary channelling of special drawing rights, in accordance with national laws and regulations, and to this end appreciates the Fund’s efforts to seek further viable options for the voluntary channelling of special drawing rights to countries most in need, such as the Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust and the new Resilience and Sustainability Trust of the Fund, with a view to providing affordable long-term financing to developing countries in a manner that preserves their external debt sustainability, and encourages the consideration of viable options to voluntarily channel through multilateral development banks; 6. Stresses the critical importance of a stable, inclusive and enabling global economic environment for the advancement of sustainable development, for the reliable and effective financing of development and for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, mobilizing public and private, as well as domestic and international resources; 7. Notes the need for open, inclusive and transparent discussions on the modernization of official development assistance measurement and on the proposed measure of “total official support for sustainable development”, and reaffirms that any such measure will not dilute commitments already made; 8. Reiterates that debtors and creditors, including both public and private, must work together in a transparent manner to prevent and resolve unsustainable debt situations and that maintaining sustainable debt levels is the responsibility of the borrowing countries, acknowledging, however, that lenders also have a responsibility to lend in a way that does not undermine a country’s debt sustainability, and in this regard takes note of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development principles on responsible sovereign lending and borrowing and recognizes the applicable requirements of the International Monetary Fund debt limits policy and/or the World Bank non-concessional borrowing policy, as well as the safeguards of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in its statistical system to enhance the debt sustainability of recipient countries, and will work towards a global consensus on guidelines for debtor and creditor responsibilities in borrowing by and lending to sovereigns, building on existing initiatives; 9. Invites, in this regard, the President of the General Assembly and the Secretary-General to give appropriate consideration to the central role of maintaining and facilitating the financial and macroeconomic stability of developing countries, including debt sustainability, and of supporting an appropriately enabling domestic and international economic, financial and regulatory environment for the means of implementation of the 2030 Agenda, including financial inclusion, and in this regard International financial system and development A/RES/76/192 7/11 21-19247 invites all major institutional stakeholders, including the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, to support these efforts, in accordance with their respective mandates; 10. Encourages, in this regard, the Economic and Social Council to consider, at its annual forum on financing for development follow-up, a dedicated discussion and analysis of systemic issues and challenges, taking into account the roles of the international financial institutions, including the International Monetary Fund, and of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, in accordance with their respective mandates, pursuant to the relevant resolutions on this matter, including its resolution 69/313 on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development and the mandate of the annual forum on financing for development follow-up set out therein; 11. Resolves to strengthen the coherence and consistency of multilateral financial, investment, trade and development policy and environment institutions and platforms and to increase cooperation between major international institutions, while respecting mandates and governance structures, and commits itself to taking better advantage of relevant United Nations forums for promoting universal and holistic coherence and international commitments to sustainable development, building on the vision of the Monterrey Consensus, with a view to supporting the implementation of the Addis Ababa Action Agenda and the 2030 Agenda; 12. Recalls that countries must have, in accordance with their specific needs and circumstances, the flexibility necessary to implement countercyclical measures and pursue tailored and targeted responses to the various types of shocks, including economic and financial crises, notes that, in the 2018 International Monetary Fund review of programme design and conditionality, it was found that the number of structural conditions included in programmes of the Fund had increased over time, and calls for the Fund to build on recent progress to further prioritize reforms and streamline conditions to ensure that they are timely, tailored and targeted, in accordance with national circumstances and priorities, and that they support developing countries in the face of financial, economic and development challenges, while also noting that new and ongoing programmes should not contain unwarranted procyclical conditionalities; 13. Notes, in this regard, the new strategy of the International Monetary Fund for engagement on social spending, welcomes the Fund’s recognition of the adverse impacts that fiscal adjustment could have on the vulnerable, for whom social spending is critical to achieving the commitments under the 2030 Agenda, including nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and encourages greater collaboration on social protection finance between the Fund and international development institutions; 14. Invites the multilateral development banks and other international development banks to continue to provide both concessional and non-concessional, stable, long-term development finance by leveraging contributions and capital and by mobilizing resources for developing countries from multiple sources, for example from capital markets, and stresses that development banks should make optimal use of their resources and balance sheets, consistent with maintaining their financial integrity, and should update and develop their policies in support of the 2030 Agenda, including the Sustainable Development Goals, as appropriate; 15. Welcomes, in this regard, the ongoing work of the New Development Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank in the global development finance architecture, and encourages enhanced regional and subregional cooperation, A/RES/76/192 International financial system and development 21-19247 8/11 including through regional and subregional development banks, commercial and reserve currency arrangements and other regional and subregional initiatives; 16. Encourages, in this regard, the multilateral development banks to continue to move forward on flexible, concessional, fast-disbursing and front-loaded assistance that will substantially and quickly assist developing countries facing financing gaps in their efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, taking into consideration the individual absorptive capacities and debt sustainability of those countries, and invites shareholders of regional development banks to ensure that they are sufficiently capitalized so as to be able to meet those needs; 17. Also encourages the multilateral development banks, within their respective mandates, to continue to expand technical assistance, disseminate and share their knowledge and best practices and enhance the multiplier effect of their financing by leveraging more resources from more sources, including by mobilizing private investment, to provide innovative and integral solutions to multidimensional development problems, in particular in developing and emerging economies; 18. Recognizes the need for the international financial institutions, as appropriate, to promote gender mainstreaming in their policies and programmes, including macroeconomic, job creation and structural reform policies and programmes, in accordance with relevant national priorities and strategies; 19. Urges multilateral donors and invites the international financial institutions and regional development banks, within their respective mandates, to review and implement policies that support national efforts to ensure that a higher proportion of resources reach women and girls, in particular in rural and remote areas, and invites multilateral and regional development banks to agree on common indicators for analysing the gender impact of their lending; 20. Recognizes that it is important that the International Monetary Fund continue to be adequately resourced, and supports and reiterates its commitment to further governance reform at both the Fund and the World Bank to adapt to changes in the global economy; 21. Notes the lack of progress on a quota increase under the fifteenth general review of quotas of the International Monetary Fund, but welcomes the political agreement reached on the review by the Board of Governors on the occasion of the fortieth meeting of the International Monetary and Financial Committee, held in Washington, D.C., on 18 and 19 October 2019, as well as the support garnered for maintaining the Fund’s current resource envelope with a doubling of the New Arrangements to Borrow and a further temporary round of bilateral borrowing beyond 2020; 22. Recalls the commitment to revisiting the adequacy of quotas and continuing the process of International Monetary Fund governance reform under the sixteenth general review of quotas, including a new quota formula as a guide, with the review to be extended from 2020 to no later than 15 December 2023, and the commitment to ensuring the primary role of quotas in Fund resources, and that any adjustment in quota shares would be expected to result in increases in the quota shares of dynamic economies in line with their relative positions in the world economy and hence likely in the share of emerging market and developing countries as a whole, while protecting the voice and representation of the poorest members, and recommits itself to the broadening and strengthening of the voice and participation of developing countries, including African countries, the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, small island developing States, middle-income countries and countries in conflict and post-conflict situations, in international economic decision- making, norm-setting and global economic governance; International financial system and development A/RES/76/192 9/11 21-19247 23. Encourages Member States to work together to strengthen and improve a system in which different layers of the global financial safety net are closely coordinated and have clear assignments of responsibilities and to consider enhancing regional financial arrangements to help countries to weather shocks, strengthen their capacity to detect risk and create new regional arrangements where there are not sufficient institutions in place; 24. Acknowledges the importance of the international financial institutions supporting, in line with their mandates, the policy space of each country, while remaining consistent with relevant international rules and commitments, in particular developing countries; 25. Reaffirms that cohesive, nationally owned sustainable development strategies, supported by integrated national financing frameworks, will be at the heart of efforts, reiterates that each country has primary responsibility for its own economic and social development and that the role of national policies and development strategies cannot be overemphasized, expresses respect for each country’s policy space and leadership to implement policies for the eradication of poverty in all its forms and dimensions and for sustainable development, while remaining consistent with relevant international rules and commitments, at the same time recognizes that national development efforts need to be supported by an enabling international economic environment, including coherent and mutually supporting world trade, monetary and financial systems and strengthened and enhanced global economic governance, and that processes to develop and facilitate the availability of appropriate knowledge and technologies globally, as well as capacity-building, are also critical, and commits to pursuing policy coherence and an enabling environment for sustainable development at all levels and by all actors, and to reinvigorating the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development; 26. Recommits itself to a redoubling of its efforts to substantially reduce illicit financial flows by 2030, with a view to eventually eliminating them, including by combating tax evasion and corruption through strengthened national regulation and increased international cooperation; 27. Recognizes the role of special drawing rights as an international reserve asset, acknowledges that special drawing rights allocations helped to supplement international reserves in response to the world financial and economic crisis, thus contributing to the stability of the international financial system and global economic resilience, and supports the continued examination of the broader use of special drawing rights as a way to enhance the resilience of the international monetary system, including with reference to their potential role in the international reserve system; 28. Notes the rapid development of cryptoassets and the potential systemic implications of these private assets on the functioning of the international monetary system, the ability of regulators to protect consumers and promote financial stability and the ability of central banks to effectively use monetary policy to pursue domestic economic objectives, encourages promoters of such assets to work with regulators on financial regulations in markets where their assets are used, and urges regulators to carefully consider the potential implications for the international and domestic financial system when formulating the appropriate regulatory treatment for cryptoassets in their jurisdictions; 29. Looks forward to the results of the ongoing work by the Financial Stability Board and the Financial Action Task Force on global stablecoins, underlining the need to appropriately address the risks associated with them and other similar arrangements with potential systemic footprints before these projects can commence operation; A/RES/76/192 International financial system and development 21-19247 10/11 30. Notes the work by the Financial Stability Board on financial market reform, commits itself to sustaining or strengthening frameworks for macroprudential regulation and countercyclical buffers, reaffirms the commitment to hastening the completion of the reform agenda on financial market regulation, including assessing and if necessary reducing the systemic risks associated with non-bank financial intermediation, markets for derivatives, securities lending and repurchase agreements, and also reaffirms the commitment to addressing the risk created by “too-big-to-fail” financial institutions and to addressing cross-border elements in the effective resolution of troubled, systemically important financial institutions; 31. Also notes that there are growing risks outside the regulatory framework, including through non-bank financial institutions and financial technology, and calls upon financial regulators to increasingly shift towards examining the underlying risks associated with financial activity rather than the type of financial institution; 32. Calls upon financial regulators to encourage financial institutions to explore new opportunities to improve their ability to better manage risks, including through anti-money-laundering and countering the financing of terrorism measures, as well as through the greater use of technology to help to address the costs and risks of operating correspondent banking relationships; 33. Emphasizes the relevance of inclusion in the international financial system at all levels and the importance of considering financial inclusion as a policy objective in financial regulation, in accordance with national priorities and legislation; 34. Reiterates that effective, inclusive multilateral surveillance should be at the centre of crisis prevention efforts, stresses the need to continue to strengthen surveillance of the financial policies of countries, and in this regard notes the current efforts to update the surveillance approach of the International Monetary Fund to better integrate bilateral and multilateral surveillance, along with cross-border and cross-sectoral linkages with macroeconomic and macroprudential policies, while paying closer attention to the spillover effects from national economic and financial policies on to the global economy; 35. Notes the potential for source countries of capital flows to use appropriate combinations of macroeconomic, macroprudential and regulatory policies that avoid excessive leverage and large international spillovers in the form of capital flow volatility, while still meeting domestic macroeconomic objectives, encourages source countries to consider such policies, and calls for greater macroeconomic coordination among systemically important economies, which can also help to address global financial market volatility; 36. Invites the international financial and banking institutions, in consultation with national Governments, to develop tailored guidelines on how countries can attract long-term international investments, guided by the 2030 Agenda, in line with national plans and policies, and with a view to minimizing the adverse effects of capital market volatility; 37. Reiterates the need to resolve to reduce mechanistic reliance on credit- rating agency assessments, including in regulations, and to promote increased competition as well as measures to avoid conflict of interest in the provision of credit ratings; 38. Invites the international financial and banking institutions to continue to enhance the transparency and analytical rigour of risk-rating mechanisms, noting that sovereign risk assessments should maximize the use of objective and transparent parameters, which can be facilitated by high-quality data and analysis, and encourages relevant institutions, including the United Nations Conference on Trade International financial system and development A/RES/76/192 11/11 21-19247 and Development, to continue their work on the issue, including the potential impact of the role played by private credit rating agencies on the development prospects of developing countries, in accordance with their mandates; 39. Recommits itself to enabling women’s full and equal participation in the economy and their equal access to decision-making processes and leadership; 40. Welcomes efforts by new development banks to develop safeguard systems in open consultation with stakeholders on the basis of established international standards, and encourages all development banks to establish or maintain social and environmental safeguard systems, including on human rights, gender equality and women’s empowerment, that are transparent, effective, efficient and time-sensitive; 41. Reiterates that States are strongly urged to refrain from promulgating and applying any unilateral economic, financial or trade measures not in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations that impede the full achievement of economic and social development, particularly in developing countries; 42. Requests, in this regard, the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-seventh session an action-oriented report on the implementation of the present resolution with a particular focus on the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the international financial system and development; 43. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-seventh session, under the item entitled “Macroeconomic policy questions”, the sub-item entitled “International financial system and development”, unless otherwise agreed.
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A/RES/76/233
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 24 December 2021 [on the report of the First Committee (A/76/444, para. 93)] 76/233. Problems arising from the accumulation of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus The General Assembly, Mindful of the dangers posed by unplanned explosions at munitions sites and the diversion of materials from conventional ammunition stockpiles to the illicit market, including for the manufacture of improvised explosive devices, Emphasizing that thousands of people have died and the livelihoods of entire communities have been disrupted as a result of accidental ammunition depot explosions and that diversion from ammunition stockpiles has contributed to the intensity and duration of armed conflict and sustained armed violence around the world,1 Recognizing the need to encourage the full involvement of both women and men in ammunition management practice and policy, Noting that conventional weapons and their ammunition are items for which, in principle, action can be taken to improve the regulation of transfers and prevent their diversion to illicit trafficking, Recognizing the urgency of addressing the security and safety risks emanating from ineffective stockpile management around the world,2 Bearing in mind a through-life management approach to tackle problems related to ammunition in a comprehensive manner, including those related to diversion, __________________ 1 See S/2011/255. 2 See S/2015/289. A/RES/76/233 General and complete disarmament: problems arising from the accumulation of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus 21-19664 2/5 Noting the requirement of the Arms Trade Treaty 3 that States parties thereto shall designate competent national authorities in order to have an effective and transparent national control system to regulate the transfer of relevant ammunition and munitions, Recalling the report of the Group of Experts on the problem of ammunition and explosives4 and the report of the Group of Governmental Experts established pursuant to resolution 61/72 to consider further steps to enhance cooperation with regard to the issue of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus,5 Welcoming the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 6 and its recognition of the relevance for development of a significant reduction in illicit arms flows and of strengthened national institutions for building capacity at all levels, in particular in developing countries, to prevent violence and combat terrorism and crime, Recalling the recommendation contained in paragraph 27 of the report of the Open-ended Working Group to Negotiate an International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons,7 namely, to address the issue of small arms and light weapons ammunition in a comprehensive manner as part of a separate process conducted within the framework of the United Nations, Taking note of the discussions on munitions management practice in the framework of Protocol V8 to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects,9 Noting with satisfaction the work and measures pursued at the regional and subregional levels with regard to the issue of conventional ammunition, Recalling its decision 59/515 of 3 December 2004 and its resolutions 60/74 of 8 December 2005 and 61/72 of 6 December 2006, its resolution 63/61 of 2 December 2008, by which it welcomed the report of the Group of Governmental Experts established pursuant to resolution 61/72 to consider further steps to enhance cooperation with regard to the issue of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus, its resolutions 64/51 of 2 December 2009, 66/42 of 2 December 2011, 68/52 of 5 December 2013, 70/35 of 7 December 2015, 72/55 of 4 December 2017 and 74/65 of 12 December 2019 and its decision 75/552 of 31 December 2020, Welcoming the conclusion of the work of the Group of Governmental Experts established pursuant to resolution 72/55 and the submission of its report,10 Recalling the recommendations of the Group of Governmental Experts established pursuant to resolution 61/72, and encouraging the use, as appropriate, of the voluntary International Ammunition Technical Guidelines to improve the safety and security of ammunition storage sites, __________________ 3 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 3013, No. 52373. 4 See A/54/155. 5 See A/63/182. 6 Resolution 70/1. 7 A/60/88 and A/60/88/Corr.2. 8 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2399, No. 22495. 9 Ibid., vol. 1342, No. 22495. 10 See A/76/324. General and complete disarmament: problems arising from the accumulation of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus A/RES/76/233 3/5 21-19664 Recalling with appreciation the establishment, within the Secretariat, of the SaferGuard knowledge resource management programme, 11 including its online implementation support tools, Noting that the voluntary International Ammunition Technical Guidelines are used by national authorities and an expanding network of partners from international and regional organizations, non-governmental organizations and the private sector in an increasing number of States to support ammunition stockpile management efforts, Emphasizing the need to consider integrating ammunition management measures in accordance with the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, where relevant, in mandates of United Nations peacekeeping operations and special political missions, Recognizing the importance of appropriate national ammunition management structures and procedures, including laws and regulations, training and doctrine, equipment and maintenance, personnel management and finances and infrastructure in order to ensure sustainability in ammunition management, and emphasizing in this regard the central role of the provision of technical assistance and capacity-building to Member States, upon their request, Noting with appreciation the ongoing work of the Ammunition Management Advisory Team to support interested States in the safe and secure management of ammunition through the provision of technical advice and services, 1. Encourages all interested States to assess, on a voluntary basis, whether, in conformity with their legitimate security needs, parts of their stockpiles of conventional ammunition should be considered to be in surplus, and recognizes that the security of such stockpiles must be taken into consideration and that appropriate controls with regard to the security and safety of stockpiles of conventional ammunition are indispensable at the national level in order to eliminate the risk of explosion, pollution or diversion; 2. Appeals to all interested States to determine the size and nature of their surplus stockpiles of conventional ammunition, whether they represent a security or safety risk, their preferred means of destruction, if appropriate, and whether external assistance is needed to eliminate this risk; 3. Encourages States in a position to do so to assist interested States within a bilateral framework or through international or regional organizations, including through activities conducted under the umbrella of the SaferGuard knowledge resource management programme, on a voluntary and transparent basis, in elaborating and implementing programmes to eliminate surplus stockpiles or to improve stockpile management; 4. Encourages all Member States to examine the possibility of developing and implementing, within a national, regional or subregional framework, measures to address accordingly the illicit trafficking related to the accumulation of such stockpiles; 5. Notes with appreciation initiatives at the international, regional and national levels that shed light on improving the sustainable management of ammunition, including through the implementation of the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines, recognizing the relevance of continued discussions and coordination in this regard; 6. Welcomes the release of the updated version of the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines in 2021 and the intention to update the Guidelines __________________ 11 A/63/182, paras. 72–73. A/RES/76/233 General and complete disarmament: problems arising from the accumulation of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus 21-19664 4/5 on a regular basis, as well as the continued implementation of the SaferGuard programme, managed by the Office for Disarmament Affairs of the Secretariat; 7. Also welcomes the continued application of the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines in the field, including the online implementation support tools and training materials, takes note of the support guides and the availability of translations of the Guidelines in various languages, which encourages States in a position to do so to offer support to the SaferGuard programme, and calls upon all United Nations entities to make full use of the Guidelines when supporting national authorities; 8. Encourages consideration of the integration of ammunition management measures, where relevant, in the mandates of peacekeeping operations, including through the training of personnel of national authorities and peacekeepers, utilizing the International Ammunition Technical Guidelines; 9. Welcomes the ongoing work carried out by the SaferGuard programme to operationalize its quick-response mechanism, which allows ammunition experts to be deployed to assist States, upon request, in the management of ammunition stockpiles, and encourages States in a position to do so to provide technical expertise or financial support to the mechanism; 10. Encourages States wishing to improve their national ammunition stockpile management capacity, wishing to prevent the growth of conventional ammunition surpluses and wishing to implement wider risk mitigation to contact the SaferGuard programme, as well as potential national donors, regional organizations or other organizations, as appropriate; 11. Encourages States, as appropriate, to consider ammunition management as an intrinsic part of their actions for achieving relevant targets of the Sustainable Development Goals related to the reduction of illicit arms flows and the prevention of violence through strengthened national institutions, and to consider, where relevant, developing national, regional and subregional indicators based on this understanding; 12. Also encourages States, where relevant, to develop voluntary national action plans on the safe and secure management of conventional ammunition, and acknowledges the utility of information-sharing and the benefit of good practices among States, as appropriate; 13. Recalls with appreciation the series of informal consultations convened within the framework of its resolution 72/55 throughout 2018 and 2019 that focused on matters of conventional ammunition management within the United Nations system and beyond and that sought to identify urgent issues pertaining to the accumulation of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus on which progress can be made; 14. Recalls the informal paper presented by Germany on the informal consultative process undertaken within the framework of resolution 72/55, as well as the inputs, both written and oral, received from Member States on the same matter; 15. Welcomes the report of the Group of Governmental Experts established pursuant to resolution 72/55 contained in document A/76/324 and the substantive recommendations contained therein; 16. Encourages States to consider the recommendations contained in the report of the Group of Governmental Experts established pursuant to resolution 72/55, in particular regarding steps to address the safety and security challenges arising from conventional ammunition in a comprehensive manner; General and complete disarmament: problems arising from the accumulation of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus A/RES/76/233 5/5 21-19664 17. Decides to establish an open-ended working group to elaborate a set of political commitments as a new global framework that will address existing gaps in through-life ammunition management, including international cooperation and assistance, without prejudice to national legal systems addressing national ammunition ownership, possession and use, and will be part of a comprehensive framework to support safe, secure and sustainable through-life ammunition management at the national, subregional, regional and global levels, building upon and complementing existing frameworks, whereas cooperation at the regional and subregional levels should be considered on a voluntary basis; 18. Also decides that the open-ended working group shall take into account the recommendations contained in the report of the Group of Governmental Experts established pursuant to resolution 72/55 and the views of all participating States and be informed by the series of informal consultations convened within the framework of its resolution 72/55 throughout 2018 and 2019, the informal paper presented by Germany on the informal consultative process and the inputs, both written and oral, received from Member States on the same matter; 19. Further decides that the open-ended working group shall convene for two 5-day sessions in New York in 2022 and for one 5-day session in Geneva in 2023, preceded by informal consultations as required, within available time frames and with the contribution of relevant international and non-governmental organizations, and shall hold a two-day organizational session in advance of the first meeting; 20. Decides that the open-ended working group shall submit a report on its work, including recommendations on a set of political commitments as a new global framework on conventional ammunition, to the General Assembly at its seventy- eighth session; 21. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the support necessary to convene the sessions of the open-ended working group; 22. Reiterates its decision to address the issue of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus in a comprehensive manner; 23. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-seventh session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Problems arising from the accumulation of conventional ammunition stockpiles in surplus”.
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A/RES/76/36
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 December 2021 [on the report of the First Committee (A/76/444, para. 93)] 76/36. Follow-up to the 2013 high-level meeting of the General Assembly on nuclear disarmament The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 67/39 of 3 December 2012, 68/32 of 5 December 2013, 69/58 of 2 December 2014, 70/34 of 7 December 2015, 71/71 of 5 December 2016, 72/251 of 24 December 2017, 73/40 of 5 December 2018, 74/54 of 12 December 2019 and 75/45 of 7 December 2020, Welcoming the convening of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on nuclear disarmament, on 26 September 2013, and recognizing its contribution to furthering the objective of the total elimination of nuclear weapons, Emphasizing the importance of seeking a safer world for all and achieving peace and security in a world without nuclear weapons, Reaffirming that effective measures of nuclear disarmament have the highest priority, as affirmed at the first special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament, Convinced that nuclear disarmament and the total elimination of nuclear weapons are the only absolute guarantee against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, Acknowledging the significant contribution made by a number of countries towards realizing the objective of nuclear disarmament by the establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones, as well as by the voluntary renunciation of nuclear weapon programmes or withdrawal of all nuclear weapons from their territories, and strongly supporting the speedy establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East, A/RES/76/36 Follow-up to the 2013 high-level meeting of the General Assembly on nuclear disarmament 21-18431 2/4 Recalling the resolve of the Heads of State and Government, as contained in the United Nations Millennium Declaration,1 to strive for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction, particularly nuclear weapons, and to keep all options open for achieving this aim, including the possibility of convening an international conference to identify ways of eliminating nuclear dangers, Reaffirming the central role of the United Nations in the field of disarmament, and reaffirming also the continued importance and relevance of multilateral disarmament machinery as mandated by the General Assembly at its first special session devoted to disarmament, Acknowledging the important role of civil society, including non-governmental organizations, academia, parliamentarians and the mass media, in advancing the objective of nuclear disarmament, Sharing the deep concern at the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons, and in this context reaffirming the need for all States at all times to comply with applicable international law, including international humanitarian law, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to resolution 75/45,2 and welcoming the fact that a large number of Member States contributed their views to this report, Noting the adoption, with a vote, of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons3 on 7 July 2017 at the United Nations conference to negotiate a legally binding instrument to prohibit nuclear weapons, leading towards their total elimination, and its entry into force on 22 January 2021, Mindful of the solemn obligations of States parties, undertaken in article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 4 particularly to pursue negotiations in good faith on effective measures relating to the cessation of the nuclear arms race at an early date and to nuclear disarmament, Expressing its concern that improvements in existing nuclear weapons and the development of new types of nuclear weapons, as provided for in the military doctrines of some nuclear-weapon States, violate their legal obligations on nuclear disarmament, as well as the commitments made to diminish the role of nuclear weapons in their military and security policies, and contravene the negative security assurances provided by the nuclear-weapon States, Expressing its deep concern that the negotiations in the Conference on Disarmament for the conclusion of a comprehensive convention on nuclear weapons have not yet commenced, Determined to work collectively towards the realization of nuclear disarmament, 1. Underlines the strong support, expressed at the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on nuclear disarmament, held on 26 September 2013, for taking urgent and effective measures to achieve the total elimination of nuclear weapons; 2. Calls for urgent compliance with the legal obligations and the fulfilment of the commitments undertaken on nuclear disarmament; 3. Endorses the wide support expressed at the high-level meeting for a comprehensive convention on nuclear weapons; __________________ 1 Resolution 55/2. 2 A/76/125. 3 A/CONF.229/2017/8. 4 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 729, No. 10485. Follow-up to the 2013 high-level meeting of the General Assembly on nuclear disarmament A/RES/76/36 3/4 21-18431 4. Calls for the urgent commencement of negotiations in the Conference on Disarmament on effective nuclear disarmament measures to achieve the total elimination of nuclear weapons, including, in particular, on a comprehensive convention on nuclear weapons; 5. Decides to convene, in New York, on a date to be decided later, a United Nations high-level international conference on nuclear disarmament to review the progress made in this regard; 6. Takes note of the views provided by Member States with regard to achieving the objective of the total elimination of nuclear weapons, in particular on the elements of a comprehensive convention on nuclear weapons, as reflected in the report submitted by the Secretary-General pursuant to resolution 75/45, and requests the Secretary-General to forward this report to the Conference on Disarmament and the Disarmament Commission for their early consideration; 7. Welcomes the commemoration and promotion of 26 September as the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons devoted to furthering this objective; 8. Expresses its appreciation to Member States, the United Nations system and civil society, including non-governmental organizations, academia, parliamentarians, the mass media and individuals that developed activities in promotion of the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons; 9. Reiterates its request to the President of the General Assembly to organize, on 26 September every year, a one-day high-level plenary meeting of the Assembly to commemorate and promote the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons; 10. Decides that the aforementioned high-level plenary meeting shall be held with the participation of Member and observer States, represented at the highest possible level, as well as with the participation of the President of the General Assembly and the Secretary-General; 11. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to update the platform for the promotion of these activities and to undertake all the arrangements, providing all the necessary resources and services, including webcasts, to commemorate and promote the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, including through the United Nations Offices at Geneva and Vienna, as well as the United Nations regional centres for peace and disarmament; 12. Calls upon Member States, the United Nations system and civil society, including non-governmental organizations, academia, parliamentarians, the mass media and individuals, to commemorate and promote the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons through all means of educational and public awareness-raising activities about the threat posed to humanity by nuclear weapons and the necessity for their total elimination in order to mobilize international efforts towards achieving the common goal of a nuclear-weapon-free world; 13. Requests the Secretary-General to seek the views of Member States with regard to achieving the objective of the total elimination of nuclear weapons, in particular on effective nuclear disarmament measures, including elements of a comprehensive convention on nuclear weapons, and to submit a report thereon to the General Assembly at its seventy-seventh session, and also to transmit the report to the Conference on Disarmament; 14. Also requests the Secretary-General to report on the implementation of the present resolution to the General Assembly at its seventy-seventh session; A/RES/76/36 Follow-up to the 2013 high-level meeting of the General Assembly on nuclear disarmament 21-18431 4/4 15. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-seventh session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Follow-up to the 2013 high-level meeting of the General Assembly on nuclear disarmament”.
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A/RES/76/78
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 9 December 2021 [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/76/416, para. 13)] 76/78. Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 194 (III) of 11 December 1948, 212 (III) of 19 November 1948, 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949 and all subsequent related resolutions, including its resolution 75/94 of 10 December 2020, Recalling also the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, Having considered the report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East covering the period from 1 January to 31 December 2020,1 Taking note of the letter dated 1 July 2021 from the Chair of the Advisory Commission of the Agency addressed to the Commissioner-General,2 Underlining that, at a time of heightened conflict and instability in the Middle East, the Agency continues to play a vital role in ameliorating the plight of the Palestine refugees through the provision of, inter alia, essential education, health, relief and social services programmes and emergency assistance to a registered population of more than 5.7 million refugees whose situation is extremely precarious, in mitigating the consequences of alarming trends in the Agency’s areas of operation, including increasing violence, marginalization and poverty and the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and in providing a crucial measure of stability in the region, __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/76/13). 2 Ibid., pp. 7–8. A/RES/76/78 Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East 21-18626 2/11 Recalling its resolutions 2252 (ES-V) of 4 July 1967 and 2341 B (XXII) of 19 December 1967 and all subsequent related resolutions, recalling also Security Council resolutions 237 (1967) of 14 June 1967 and 259 (1968) of 27 September 1968, stressing the necessity of an accelerated return of displaced persons, and calling for compliance with the mechanism agreed upon by the parties in article XII of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements of 13 September 19933 on the return of displaced persons, Deeply concerned about the extremely critical financial situation of the Agency, caused by the structural underfunding of the Agency, as well as by rising needs and expenditures resulting from the deterioration of the socioeconomic and humanitarian conditions and the conflicts and rising instability in the region and their significant negative impact on the ability of the Agency to deliver essential services to the Palestine refugees, including its emergency, recovery, reconstruction and development programmes in all fields of operation, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on the operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, 4 submitted pursuant to resolution 71/93 of 6 December 2016, and the request contained therein for broad consultations to explore all ways and means, including through voluntary and assessed contributions, to ensure that the Agency’s funding is sufficient, predictable and sustained for the duration of its mandate, and considering the recommendations contained in the report, Taking note also of the report of 31 May 2021 of the Commissioner-General, submitted pursuant to paragraph 57 of the report of the Secretary-General and in follow-up to the update to the special report of 3 August 2015 of the Commissioner- General, 5 submitted pursuant to paragraph 21 of General Assembly resolution 302 (IV), regarding the severe financial crisis of the Agency and the negative implications for the continued delivery of core Agency programmes to the Palestine refugees in all fields of operation, Expressing appreciation for the efforts of donors and host countries to respond to the Agency’s unprecedented financial crisis, including through generous, additional contributions and, where possible, continued increases in voluntary contributions, while acknowledging the steadfast support of all other donors to the Agency, Welcoming the contributions made to the Agency’s emergency appeals, including for the Gaza Strip and for the Syrian Arab Republic, and calling urgently upon the international community to continue its support, since needs persist and these appeals remain severely underfunded, Noting that contributions have not been predictable enough or sufficient to meet growing needs and remedy the persistent shortfalls, thereby undermining the Agency’s operations and efforts to promote human development and meet Palestine refugees’ basic needs, and stressing the need for further efforts to comprehensively address the recurrent funding shortfalls affecting the Agency’s operations, Recognizing the Agency’s extensive efforts to rapidly develop innovative and diversified ways to address its financial shortfall and mobilize resources, including through the expansion of the donor base and partnerships with international financial institutions, the private sector and civil society, including through special digital campaigns, __________________ 3 A/48/486-S/26560, annex. 4 A/71/849. 5 A/70/272, annex. Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East A/RES/76/78 3/11 21-18626 Commending the Agency for the measures taken to address the financial crisis, despite difficult operational circumstances, including through the implementation of the medium-term strategy for 2016–2021 and various internal measures to contain expenditures, reduce operational and administrative costs, maximize the use of resources and reduce the funding shortfalls, and expressing profound concern that, despite such measures, the Agency’s programme budget, which is funded primarily by voluntary contributions from Member States and intergovernmental organizations, faces persistent shortfalls that continue to threaten the delivery of the Agency’s core programmes of assistance to the Palestine refugees, Encouraging the Agency to sustain those reform efforts, while also taking all possible measures to protect and improve the quality of access to and the delivery of core programmes of assistance, Recalling its resolution 65/272 of 18 April 2011, in which it requested the Secretary-General to continue to support the institutional strengthening of the Agency, Stressing the need to support the Agency’s capacity to uphold its mandate and to avert the serious humanitarian, political and security risks that would result from any interruption or suspension of its vital work, Recognizing that the recurring and growing financial shortfalls directly affecting the sustainability of the Agency’s operations need to be remedied by examining new funding modalities designed to put the Agency on a stable financial footing to enable it to effectively carry out its core programmes in accordance with its mandate and commensurate with humanitarian needs, Welcoming the affirmation in the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, adopted by the General Assembly on 19 September 2016, 6 that, inter alia, the Agency, along with other relevant organizations, requires sufficient funding to be able to carry out its activities effectively and in a predictable manner, Bearing in mind the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,7 including the pledge that no one will be left behind, emphasizing that the Sustainable Development Goals apply to all, including refugees, and commending the efforts of the Agency’s programmes to promote 10 of the 17 Goals, as indicated in the report of the Secretary- General, Welcoming the joint efforts of host countries and donors to mobilize support for the Agency, including through extraordinary ministerial meetings, inter alia, the extraordinary ministerial conference held in Rome on 15 March 2018, the ministerial meeting convened at United Nations Headquarters in New York on 26 September 2019 and the extraordinary virtual ministerial pledging conference convened on 23 June 2020, hosted by Jordan and Sweden, aimed at urgently addressing the Agency’s funding shortfall and the need for predictable multi-year funding, expanding donor support for the Agency and reaffirming support for its mandate, Recalling Articles 100, 104 and 105 of the Charter of the United Nations and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, 8 Recalling also the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel,9 __________________ 6 Resolution 71/1. 7 Resolution 70/1. 8 Resolution 22 A (I). 9 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2051, No. 35457. A/RES/76/78 Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East 21-18626 4/11 Recalling further its resolutions 75/125 of 11 December 2020 on the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and protection of United Nations personnel and 75/127 of 11 December 2020 on the strengthening of the coordination of emergency humanitarian assistance of the United Nations, calling upon, inter alia, all States to ensure respect for and the protection of all humanitarian personnel and United Nations and associated personnel, to respect the principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence for the provision of humanitarian assistance and to respect and ensure respect for the inviolability of United Nations premises, Affirming the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, 10 to the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem, Aware of the continuing needs of the Palestine refugees in all fields of operation, namely Jordan, Lebanon, the Syrian Arab Republic and the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Gravely concerned about the extremely difficult socioeconomic conditions being faced by the Palestine refugees in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, particularly in the refugee camps in the Gaza Strip, as a result of the recurrent military operations, continuing prolonged Israeli closures, the construction of settlements and the wall, evictions, the demolition of homes and livelihood properties causing forced transfers of civilians, and the severe economic and movement restrictions that in effect amount to a blockade, which have deepened unemployment and poverty rates among the refugees, with potentially lasting, long- term negative effects, while taking note of developments with regard to the situation of access there, Concerned about plans and measures to interfere with or obstruct the operations of the Agency, including in East Jerusalem, contrary to international law and the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel, and reiterating the need for the Agency to fully implement its mandate in support of Palestine refugees without interference, including in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, Commending the health-care staff of the Agency for their dedication in responding to the profound stresses caused to the health system by the high number of Palestinian civilian casualties in the recent period in the Gaza Strip, Commending also the important role played by the Agency throughout its areas of operations to help to prevent and contain the spread of COVID-19, Expressing grave concern in this regard about the lasting impact on the humanitarian and socioeconomic situation of the Palestine refugees in the Gaza Strip, including high rates of food insecurity, poverty, displacement and the depletion of coping capacities, Recalling the temporary tripartite agreement facilitated by the United Nations in September 2014, and stressing the urgent need for the lifting of all Israeli closures and restrictions on the Gaza Strip, Recalling also its resolution ES-10/18 of 16 January 2009 and Security Council resolution 1860 (2009) of 8 January 2009, as well as the Agreement on Movement and Access of 15 November 2005, __________________ 10 Ibid., vol. 75, No. 973. Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East A/RES/76/78 5/11 21-18626 Expressing concern about the continuing classroom shortage, including in the Gaza Strip, and the consequent negative impact on the right to education of refugee children, Stressing the urgent need for the provision of the necessary humanitarian assistance and funding support for the advancement of reconstruction and recovery in the Gaza Strip, including by ensuring the timely facilitation of construction projects, including extensive shelter repair, and the need for the accelerated implementation of other urgent United Nations-led civilian reconstruction activities, and calling upon Israel to ensure the expedited and unimpeded import of all necessary construction materials into the Gaza Strip and to reduce the burdensome cost of importation of Agency supplies, while taking note of the continued implementation of the tripartite agreement facilitated by the United Nations, Stressing that the situation in the Gaza Strip is unsustainable and that a durable ceasefire agreement must lead to a fundamental improvement in the living conditions of the Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip, including through the sustained and regular opening of crossing points, and must ensure the safety and well-being of civilians on both sides, Affirming the need to support the Palestinian Government in its assumption of full government responsibilities in both the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, in all fields, as well as through its presence at Gaza’s crossing points, Expressing deep concern at the critical situation of Palestine refugees in the Syrian Arab Republic and at the impact of the crisis on the Agency’s installations and its ability to deliver its services, and regretting profoundly the loss of life and widespread displacement among refugees and the killing of staff members of the Agency in the crisis since 2012, Emphasizing the continuing need for assistance to Palestine refugees in the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as those who have fled to neighbouring countries, including in particular Lebanon, where an unprecedent financial crisis is further affecting socioeconomic conditions among the refugees, and emphasizing the necessity of ensuring open borders for Palestine refugees fleeing the crisis in the Syrian Arab Republic, consistent with the principles of non-discrimination and non-refoulement under international law, and recalling in this regard the statement by the President of the Security Council of 2 October 2013 11 and the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants, Aware of the valuable work done by the Agency in providing protection to the Palestinian people, in particular Palestine refugees, and recalling the need for the protection of all civilians in situations of armed conflict, Deploring the endangerment of the safety of the Agency’s staff and the damage and destruction caused to the facilities and properties of the Agency, and stressing the need to maintain the neutrality and safeguard the inviolability of United Nations premises, installations and equipment at all times, Deploring also the breaches of the inviolability of United Nations premises, the failure to accord the property and assets of the Organization immunity from any form of interference, incursions or misuse, the failure to protect United Nations personnel, premises and property and any disruption caused to Agency operations by such violations, __________________ 11 S/PRST/2013/15; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2013–31 July 2014 (S/INF/69). A/RES/76/78 Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East 21-18626 6/11 Deploring further all attacks affecting United Nations installations, including Agency schools sheltering displaced civilians, and all other breaches of the inviolability of United Nations premises, including during the conflict in the Gaza Strip in July and August 2014, as reported in the summary by the Secretary-General of the report of the Board of Inquiry12 and by the independent commission of inquiry established pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution S-21/1,13 and stressing the imperative of ensuring accountability, Condemning the killing, injury and detention contrary to international law of Agency staff members, Condemning also the killing, wounding and detention contrary to international law of refugee children and women, Affirming the need for accountability and compensation to victims of violations of international law in accordance with international standards by all sides, Deeply concerned about the continuing imposition of restrictions on the freedom of movement and access of the Agency’s staff, vehicles and goods, and the injury, harassment and intimidation of the Agency’s staff, which undermine and obstruct the work of the Agency, including its ability to provide essential basic and emergency services, Recalling the statement of 15 July 1999 and the declarations adopted on 5 December 2001 and on 17 December 201414 by the Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention, including the call upon parties to facilitate the activities of the Agency, to guarantee its protection and to refrain from levying taxes and imposing undue financial burdens, Aware of the agreement between the Agency and the Government of Israel, Taking note of the agreement reached on 24 June 1994, embodied in an exchange of letters between the Agency and the Palestine Liberation Organization,15 1. Reaffirms that the effective functioning of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East remains essential in all fields of operation; 2. Expresses its appreciation to the Commissioner-General of the Agency, as well as to all the staff of the Agency, for their tireless efforts and valuable work, particularly in the light of the difficult conditions, instability and crises faced during the past year; 3. Expresses special commendation to the Agency for the essential role that it has played for more than seven decades since its establishment in providing vital services for the well-being, human development and protection of the Palestine refugees and the amelioration of their plight and for the stability of the region, and affirms the necessity for continuing the work of the Agency and its unimpeded operation and provision of services, pending the just resolution of the question of the Palestine refugees; 4. Commends the Agency for its extraordinary efforts, in cooperation with other United Nations agencies on the ground, to provide emergency humanitarian assistance, including shelter, food and medical aid, to refugees and affected civilians during periods of crisis and conflict, and recognizes its exemplary capacity to __________________ 12 S/2015/286, annex. 13 See A/HRC/29/52. 14 A/69/711-S/2015/1, annex. 15 Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/49/13), annex I. Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East A/RES/76/78 7/11 21-18626 mobilize in emergency situations while continuously carrying out its core human development programmes; 5. Endorses in this regard the efforts of the Commissioner-General of the Agency to continue to provide humanitarian assistance, as far as practicable, on an emergency basis, and as a temporary measure, to persons in the area who are currently displaced and in serious need of continued assistance as a result of the June 1967 and subsequent hostilities, while reaffirming the right of all persons displaced as a result of the June 1967 and subsequent hostilities to return to their homes or former places of residence in the territories occupied by Israel since 1967; 6. Strongly appeals to all Governments and to organizations and individuals to contribute generously to the Agency and to the other intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations concerned for the above-mentioned purpose; 7. Expresses its grave concern about attempts to discredit the Agency despite its proven operational capacity, record of effective provision of humanitarian and development assistance and consistent implementation of its mandate in accordance with relevant resolutions and its regulatory framework, even under the most difficult circumstances; 8. Reaffirms the Agency’s important role in providing humanitarian and development assistance to Palestine refugees, engaging with international human rights mechanisms, as appropriate, and in doing so contributing to the protection and resilience of Palestinian civilians, as outlined in the report of the Secretary-General on the protection of the Palestinian civilian population,16 and contributing to regional stability; 9. Expresses its appreciation for the important support and cooperation provided by the host Governments to the Agency in the discharge of its duties; 10. Expresses its appreciation to the Advisory Commission of the Agency, and requests it to continue its efforts and to keep the General Assembly informed of its activities; 11. Takes note of the report of the Working Group on the Financing of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East 17 and the efforts to assist in ensuring the financial security of the Agency, and requests the Secretary-General to provide the necessary services and assistance to the Working Group for the conduct of its work; 12. Expresses its deep appreciation to all donor countries and organizations that have, inter alia, sustained, accelerated or increased their contributions to the Agency, helping to alleviate its recurrent financial crises, to mitigate imminent risks to its core and emergency programming and to prevent an interruption of essential assistance to Palestine refugees; 13. Commends the Agency for its six-year medium-term strategy for 2016–2021 and the Commissioner-General for his continuing efforts to increase the budgetary transparency and efficiency of the Agency, as reflected in the Agency’s proposed programme budget for 2022;18 14. Also commends the Agency for sustaining its robust internal reform efforts, despite difficult operational circumstances, and recognizes its implementation of maximum efficiency procedures to contain expenditures, reduce operational and administrative costs, reduce its funding shortfalls and maximize the use of resources; __________________ 16 A/ES-10/794. 17 A/76/306. 18 A/76/6 (Sect. 26). A/RES/76/78 Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East 21-18626 8/11 15. Calls upon the Agency to further enhance its internal governance and oversight mechanisms to ensure that the Agency’s management is delivering on its mandate with transparency and accountability, while preserving the Agency’s agility and operational response capacity; 16. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East and the conclusions and recommendations contained therein; 17. Appeals to States and organizations for the maintenance of their voluntary contributions to the Agency, as well as an increase in contributions where possible, in particular to the Agency’s programme budget, including in the consideration of their allocation of resources for international human rights, peace and stability, development and humanitarian efforts, to support the Agency’s mandate and its ability to meet the rising needs of the Palestine refugees and essential associated costs of operations; 18. Appeals to States and organizations not currently contributing to the Agency to urgently consider making voluntary contributions in response to the calls of the Secretary-General for expansion of the Agency’s donor base, in order to stabilize funding and ensure greater sharing of the financial burden of supporting the Agency’s operations, in accordance with the continuing responsibility of the international community as a whole to assist the Palestine refugees; 19. Calls for the provision by donors of early annual voluntary contributions, less earmarking, and multi-year funding, in line with the Grand Bargain on humanitarian financing announced at the World Humanitarian Summit, held in Istanbul, Turkey, in May 2016, in order to enhance the Agency’s ability to plan and implement its operations with a greater degree of assurance regarding resource flows; 20. Also calls for the full and timely funding by donors of the Agency’s emergency, recovery and reconstruction programmes as set out in its appeals and response plans; 21. Requests the Commissioner-General to continue efforts to maintain and increase traditional donor support and to enhance income from non-traditional donors, including through partnerships with public and private entities; 22. Encourages the Agency to explore financing avenues in relation to the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals; 19 23. Urges States and organizations to actively pursue partnerships with and innovative support for the Agency, including as recommended in paragraphs 47, 48 and 50 of the report of the Secretary-General,20 including through the establishment of endowments, trust funds or revolving fund mechanisms and assistance to the Agency to access humanitarian, development and peace and security trust funds and grants; 24. Welcomes pledges by States and organizations to provide diplomatic and technical support to the Agency, including engagement with international and financial development institutions, including the World Bank and the Islamic Development Bank, and, where appropriate, to facilitate support for the establishment of financing mechanisms that can provide assistance to refugees and in fragile contexts, including to meet the needs of the Palestine refugees, and calls for serious follow-up efforts; __________________ 19 See resolution 70/1. 20 A/71/849. Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East A/RES/76/78 9/11 21-18626 25. Urges States and organizations to provide contributions to the waqf fund established by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation at the Islamic Development Bank in support of Palestine refugees through enhanced support to the Agency; 26. Encourages further progress with regard to the creation of a World Bank multi-donor trust fund; 27. Requests the Agency to continue to implement efficiency measures through its medium-term strategy and the development of a five-year proposal for stabilizing the Agency’s finances, including specific and time-bound measures, and to continue to improve its cost efficiency and resource mobilization efforts; 28. Calls upon the members of the Advisory Commission and the Working Group on the Financing of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East to consider the relevant recommendations in the report of the Secretary-General, including to help the Agency to address resource mobilization challenges and to actively assist the Commissioner-General in the efforts to create sustainable, sufficient and predictable support for the Agency’s operations; 29. Takes note of the recommendations of the Secretary-General regarding the support provided to the Agency from the regular budget of the United Nations; 30. Endorses the efforts of the Commissioner-General to continue to provide humanitarian assistance, as far as is practicable, on an emergency basis and as a temporary measure, to persons in the area who are internally displaced and in serious need of continuing assistance as a result of recent crises in the Agency’s fields of operation; 31. Encourages the Agency to provide increased assistance, in accordance with its mandate, to affected Palestine refugees in the Syrian Arab Republic as well as to those who have fled to neighbouring countries, as detailed in the Syrian regional crisis response plans, and calls upon donors to urgently ensure sustained support to the Agency in this regard in the light of the continuing grave deterioration of the situation and the growing needs of the refugees; 32. Welcomes the progress made thus far by the Agency in rebuilding the Nahr el-Bared refugee camp in northern Lebanon, and calls for donor funding to enable the expeditious completion of its reconstruction, for the continued provision of relief assistance to those displaced following its destruction in 2007 and for the alleviation of their ongoing suffering through the provision of the necessary support and financial assistance until the reconstruction of the camp is complete; 33. Encourages the Agency, in close cooperation with other relevant United Nations entities, to continue to make progress in addressing the needs, rights and protection of children, women and persons with disabilities in its operations, including through the provision of necessary psychosocial and humanitarian support, in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child,21 the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 22 and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;23 34. Also encourages the Agency to continue to reduce the vulnerability and improve the self-reliance and resilience of Palestine refugees through its programmes; 35. Recognizes the acute protection needs of Palestine refugees across the region, and encourages the Agency’s efforts to contribute to a coordinated and __________________ 21 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531. 22 Ibid., vol. 1249, No. 20378. 23 Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910. A/RES/76/78 Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East 21-18626 10/11 sustained response in accordance with international law, including the Agency’s new protection strategic framework; 36. Commends the Agency for its humanitarian and psychosocial support programmes and other initiatives that provide recreational, cultural and educational activities for children in all fields, including in the Gaza Strip, recognizing their positive contribution, calls for full support for such initiatives by donor and host countries, and encourages the building and strengthening of partnerships to facilitate and enhance the provision of these services; 37. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to comply fully with the provisions of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949; 38. Also calls upon Israel to abide by Articles 100, 104 and 105 of the Charter of the United Nations and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations in order to ensure the safety of the personnel of the Agency, the protection of its institutions and the safeguarding of the security of its facilities in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, at all times; 39. Urges the Government of Israel to expeditiously reimburse the Agency for all transit charges incurred and other financial losses sustained as a result of the delays and restrictions on movement and access imposed by Israel; 40. Calls upon Israel particularly to cease obstructing the movement and access of the staff, vehicles and supplies of the Agency and to cease levying taxes, extra fees and charges, which affect the Agency’s operations detrimentally; 41. Reiterates its call upon Israel to fully lift the restrictions impeding or delaying the import of necessary construction materials and supplies for the reconstruction and repair of the remaining damaged or destroyed refugee shelters, and for the implementation of suspended and urgently needed civilian infrastructure projects in refugee camps in the Gaza Strip, noting the alarming figures reflected in the United Nations country team reports of 26 August 2016, entitled “Gaza: two years after”, and of July 2017, entitled “Gaza ten years later”; 42. Notes with appreciation the positive contribution of the Agency’s microfinance and job creation programmes, encourages efforts to enhance the sustainability and benefits of microfinance services to a greater number of Palestine refugees, especially in view of the high unemployment rates affecting them, and youth in particular, welcomes the Agency’s efforts to streamline costs and increase microfinance services through internal reform efforts, and calls upon the Agency, in close cooperation with the relevant agencies, to continue to contribute to the development of the economic and social stability of the Palestine refugees in all fields of operation; 43. Reiterates its appeals to all States, the specialized agencies, and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to continue and to augment their contributions to the programme budget of the Agency, to increase their special allocations for grants and scholarships for higher education to Palestine refugees and to contribute to the establishment of vocational training centres for Palestine refugees, and requests the Agency to act as the recipient and trustee for the special allocations for grants and scholarships; 44. Calls upon the Commissioner-General to include, in the annual reporting to the General Assembly, assessments on the progress made to remedy the recurrent funding shortfalls of the Agency and ensure sustained, sufficient and predictable Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East A/RES/76/78 11/11 21-18626 support for the Agency’s operations, including through the implementation of the relevant provisions of the present resolution.
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A/RES/77/13
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 21 November 2022 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/77/L.13)] 77/13. Cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization The General Assembly, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General on cooperation between the United Nations and regional and other organizations,1 Referring to the Articles of the Charter of the United Nations that encourage measures for regional cooperation to advance the purposes and principles of the United Nations, Referring also to its resolution 59/50 of 2 December 2004, in which it granted the Collective Security Treaty Organization observer status in the General Assembly, Referring further to its resolutions 64/256 of 2 March 2010, 65/122 of 13 December 2010, 67/6 of 19 November 2012, 69/12 of 11 November 2014, 71/12 of 21 November 2016, 73/331 of 25 July 2019 and 75/276 of 28 April 2021 on cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization and to its Declaration on the Enhancement of Cooperation between the United Nations and Regional Arrangements or Agencies in the Maintenance of International Peace and Security,2 Referring to all previous relevant resolutions of the Security Council, including resolution 1631 (2005) of 17 October 2005, and the relevant statements by its __________________ 1 A/77/277-S/2022/606. 2 Resolution 49/57, annex. A/RES/77/13 Cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization 22-26535 2/4 President, including those of 13 January 20103 and 6 August 2013,4 which underline the importance of developing effective partnerships between the United Nations and regional and subregional organizations, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and statutes of regional and subregional organizations, Referring also to the Joint Declaration on Cooperation between the Secretariat s of the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization of 18 March 2010, Noting with satisfaction that, since the signing of the Collective Security Treaty, the Collective Security Treaty Organization has transformed into a multifunctional structure with the potential to provide an adequate response to a wide range of threats and challenges within the area of its responsibility, Encouraging the efforts by the States members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization to attain objectives consistent with the purposes and principles of the United Nations, Stressing the importance of continuing to strive towards achieving a world free of terrorism, including through the comprehensive implementation of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy5 and relevant resolutions of the United Nations, noting also in this regard the various initiatives by member States and regional organizations, Commending the practical steps of the Collective Security Treaty Organization for the implementation of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, including cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization in the area of counter-terrorism, in particular on the basis of the memorandum of understanding on cooperation and interaction between the secretariat of the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism, signed on 9 November 2018, Welcoming the practical contribution of the Collective Security Treaty Organization to the implementation of the Political Declaration and Plan of Action on International Cooperation towards an Integrated and Balanced Strategy to Counter the World Drug Problem, adopted by the General Assembly at its sixty-fourth session,6 for the period 2009–2019, as well as the outcome document of the 2016 General Assembly special session on the world drug problem,7 and emphasizing in particular the great practical importance of the regional operation of the Collective Security Treaty Organization “Kanal”, conducted under the counter-narcotics strategy of the States members of the Organization for the period 2021–2025, to combat the smuggling of Afghan opiates and the cannabis group of drugs, cocaine and synthetic substances into the territory of States of the Eurasian region and to counter the activities of organized drug groups and their leaders, Noting the important efforts of the Collective Security Treaty Organization through its regional operation “Nelegal”, aimed at reducing the incidence and negative impact of irregular migration, Noting with appreciation the progress in enhancing practical cooperation based on the memorandum of understanding between the secretariat of the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Department of Peacekeeping Operations of the __________________ 3 S/PRST/2010/1; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2009–31 July 2010 (S/INF/65). 4 S/PRST/2013/12; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2013–31 July 2014 (S/INF/69). 5 Resolution 60/288. 6 See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2009, Supplement No. 8 (E/2009/28), chap. I, sect. C. 7 Resolution S-30/1, annex. Cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization A/RES/77/13 3/4 22-26535 United Nations Secretariat of 28 September 2012 on peacekeeping operations, including contributions of States members of the Collective Security Treaty Organization to United Nations peacekeeping operations, as well as the participation of United Nations representatives in Collective Security Treaty Organization peacekeeping training drills, Welcoming the signing on 17 January 2017 of the memorandum of understanding between the secretariat of the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Noting the firm intention of both organizations to further strengthen existing cooperation by developing specific proposals in the priority areas of cooperation, 1. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General on cooperation between the United Nations and regional and other organizations, and acknowledges in particular the development of mutually beneficial interaction between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization; 2. Notes with appreciation the significant practical contribution and efforts of the Collective Security Treaty Organization to strengthen its peacekeeping capacities and the system of regional security and stability, to counter terrorism and transnational organized crime, to combat illicit trafficking in drugs and weapons, and irregular migration and human trafficking, and to recover from natural and human - made disasters, thereby contributing to the attainment of the purposes and principles of the United Nations; 3. Welcomes the efforts of the secretariats of the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization to enhance coordination and cooperation in the areas of mutual interest and to develop concrete modalities for such cooperation, and encourages them to continue their collaboration, including the exchange of information; 4. Invites the Secretary-General of the United Nations to continue regular consultations with the Secretary-General of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, through bilateral contacts and various formats, including consultations between the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the heads of regional organizations; 5. Invites the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization to continue their interaction in the interest of the consistent and comprehensive implementation of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy; 6. Invites increased cooperation and coordination among the specialized agencies and programmes of the United Nations system and the Collective Security Treaty Organization and the development of their direct contacts in areas of mutual interest; 7. Encourages both organizations to continue to examine possible ways to further strengthen their interaction in the area of peacekeeping; 8. Requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution; A/RES/77/13 Cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization 22-26535 4/4 9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session, under the item entitled “Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and other organizations”, the sub-item entitled “Cooperation between the United Nations and the Collective Security Treaty Organization”.
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A/RES/77/175
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 14 December 2022 [on the report of the Second Committee (A/77/445/Add.1, para. 10)] 77/175. Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 62/199 of 19 December 2007, 63/222 of 19 December 2008, 64/210 of 21 December 2009, 65/168 of 20 December 2010, 66/210 of 22 December 2011, 68/219 of 20 December 2013, 70/211 of 22 December 2015, 72/227 of 20 December 2017 and 74/228 of 19 December 2019 on the role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence, Reaffirming its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in which it adopted a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Sustainable Development Goals and targets, its commitment to working tirelessly for the full implementation of the Agenda by 2030, its recognition that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, its commitment to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner, and to building upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to address their unfinished business, Reaffirming also its resolution 69/313 of 27 July 2015 on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supports and complements it, helps to contextualize its means of implementation targets with concrete policies and actions, and reaffirms the strong political commitment to A/RES/77/175 Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence 22-28794 2/7 address the challenge of financing and creating an enabling environment at all levels for sustainable development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity, Reaffirming further the Paris Agreement1 and its early entry into force, encouraging all its parties to fully implement the Agreement, and parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change2 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible, Reaffirming the vital importance of an inclusive, transparent and effective multilateral system to address the urgent global challenges of today, recognizing the universality of the United Nations, and reaffirming its commitment to promote and strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency of the United Nations, Reaffirming also the role and authority of the General Assembly on global matters of concern to the international community, as set out in the Charter of the United Nations, Acknowledging that the United Nations, particularly the General Assembly, provides a universal and inclusive multilateral forum that confers incomparable value to its discussions and its decisions on global matters of concern to the international community, Recognizing that, notwithstanding the opportunities and strong momentum to world economic growth brought by globalization, major challenges still remain to be addressed through multilateralism, and emphasizing the need to guide the direction of globalization and make it more invigorated, inclusive and sustainable, Recommitting to setting out together on the path towards sustainable development, remaining devoted to the pursuit of global development and “win-win” cooperation, which can bring huge gains to all countries and all parts of the world, and reaffirming that every State has, and shall freely exercise, full permanent sovereignty over all its wealth, natural resources and economic activity, Recognizing that globalization and interdependence imply that the economic performance of a country is increasingly affected by factors outside its geographical borders, that maximizing the benefits of globalization in an equitable manner requires coherent responses at the global, regional, national, subnational and local levels and that there remains a need for a revitalized Global Partnership for Sustainable Development to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and other internationally agreed development goals, Emphasizing that globalization must give countries the ability and fiscal capacity to pursue domestic policies to improve the well-being of their societies, choose their own development models and pursue the Sustainable Development Goals in their national context, that it is a useful tool for development that should benefit all countries and peoples and that efforts by Governments to establish a national enabling environment conducive to implementing the 2030 Agenda need to be supported by an enabling international economic environment that is inclusive and mutually beneficial for their goods and services and conducive to investment for sustainable development, including investment in sustainable and quality infrastructure, Reaffirming its strong support for fair and inclusive globalization and the need to translate sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth into sustainable development, particularly the eradication of poverty in all its forms and dimensions __________________ 1 Adopted under the UNFCCC in FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21. 2 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822. Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence A/RES/77/175 3/7 22-28794 and hunger and the reduction of inequality, and, in this regard, its resolve to make the goals of full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people, persons with disabilities, older persons, Indigenous Peoples, local communities and other people in vulnerable situations, one of the central objectives of relevant national and international policies and national development strategies, including strategies to eradicate poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including with the help of effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels, as part of efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as its blueprint, Acknowledging that globalization has brought many positive developments over the years and that it is credited with a sustainable period of economic growth, poverty reduction and job creation, higher living standards for many, innovative solutions for climate action and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals more generally, Noting with concern that the gains from globalization have been unevenly distributed within and across countries and that globalization and the process of resource reallocation worldwide have left many people and countries behind, owing to, inter alia, rapid technological changes in the context of deep digital divides, inequalities in access to financial resources and evolving employment structures that have led to job losses, Reaffirming that evidence shows that gender equality, women’s empowerment and women’s full and equal participation and leadership in the economy are vital to achieve sustainable development and significantly enhance economic growth and productivity, that women play a critical role in development and contribute to structural transformation and that their full and equal participation in decision-making and the economy is vital in order to achieve sustainable development, and reaffirming also that gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls, including those living in rural areas, will make a crucial contribution to progress in realizing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Reaffirming also that the spread of information and communications technology and global interconnectedness has great potential to accelerate human progress, to bridge digital divides and to develop knowledge societies, as does scientific and technological innovation across areas as diverse as medicine and energy, Reaffirming further the commitment to eradicate poverty and hunger in all its forms and dimensions and promote sustained, inclusive and equitable growth, sustainable development and global prosperity for all and to promote the development of the productive sectors in developing countries to enable them to participate more meaningfully and effectively in and benefit from the process of globalization, Recognizing that the international multilateral system should continue to support sustainable development in all countries, particularly in relation to sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, job creation and the efforts of developing countries to eradicate poverty and hunger and achieve environmental sustainability and resilience, and should continue to promote good governance and the rule of law at all levels, Cognizant that the future prospects of entire economies and societies will depend on how effectively all stakeholders respond to the technological trends and challenges and to the interplay of those trends with other major trends, such as increasing inequality within and among countries, urbanization, the changing nature of employment, the rise of new forms of work and persistent economic informality, demographic shifts, climate change and the increasing magnitude of disasters and environmental challenges, A/RES/77/175 Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence 22-28794 4/7 Recognizing that adverse and persisting impacts of climate change, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and its ripple effects and geopolitical tensions and conflicts, among other factors, are exposing and exacerbating vulnerabilities of the globalization process and creating additional challenges for the eradication of poverty, food security, energy security and the cost of living, and that developing countries are often disproportionately affected by challenges, and highlighting that the economic recovery has proved uneven, partially because of the lack of access to financial resources for developing countries, Reaffirming multilateralism as the best way for the world to effectively overcome and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent future health emergencies, Noting with great concern the severe negative impact on human health, safety and well-being caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the severe disruption to societies and economies and the devastating impact on lives and livelihoods, and that the poorest and most vulnerable are the hardest hit by the pandemic, reaffirming the ambition to get back on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by designing and implementing sustainable and inclusive recovery strategies to accelerate progress towards the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and to help to reduce the risk of and build resilience to future shocks, crises and pandemics, including by strengthening health systems and achieving universal health coverage, and recognizing that equitable and timely access for all to safe, quality, effective and affordable COVID-19 vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics are an essential part of a global response based on unity, solidarity, renewed multilateral cooperation and the principle of leaving no one behind, Noting with concern that current trade tensions and a surge in trade-restrictive measures are greatly increasing economic uncertainty, and underscoring that prioritizing and strengthening global cooperation, including through multilateral solutions, are in the interest of all and remain crucial elements in fulfilling the promise of globalization, Expressing concern about the adverse impact of the heightened fragility of the global economy and the declining trends in global growth and trade, including on development, cognizant that the global economy remains in a challenging phase, with many downside risks, including net negative capital flows from developing countries and rising private and public indebtedness in many developing countries, compounded by high interest rates and inflation, high unemployment and job informality, particularly among young people, women, persons with disabilities, older persons, Indigenous Peoples, local communities and people in vulnerable situations, and stressing the need for continuing efforts to address systemic fragilities and imbalances and to reform and strengthen the international financial system while implementing the reforms agreed upon to date in order to attend to those challenges and make progress towards sustaining global demand, Reiterating the pledge that no one will be left behind, reaffirming the recognition that the dignity of the human person is fundamental, and the wish to see the Goals and targets met for all nations and peoples and for all segments of society, and recommitting to endeavour to reach the furthest behind first, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Fulfilling the promise of globalization: advancing sustainable development in an interconnected world”;3 __________________ 3 A/77/253. Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence A/RES/77/175 5/7 22-28794 2. Reiterates the need for inclusive, transparent and effective multilateral approaches to managing global challenges, and in this regard reaffirms the important role of the United Nations system in ongoing efforts to find common solutions to such challenges; 3. Recognizes that a reinvigorated multilateral system, with the United Nations at its centre, is the cornerstone of a renewed approach to fairer and more inclusive and sustainable globalization to ensure that the negative consequences of globalization do not threaten peoples’ livelihoods and the sustainability of the planet; 4. Welcomes the ongoing efforts of the Secretary-General to reposition the United Nations development system to better support countries with their implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 4 in line with the integrated and indivisible, global and universally applicable nature of the Sustainable Development Goals and in accordance with national development policies, plans, priorities and needs, and cognizant that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, and calls upon all stakeholders to implement the remaining tasks swiftly and coherently throughout the United Nations development system; 5. Takes note with appreciation of the Global Accelerator on Jobs and Social Protection for a Just Transition, launched by the Secretary-General jointly with the International Labour Organization; 6. Reaffirms the need for the United Nations to play a fundamental role in the promotion of international cooperation for development and the coherence, coordination and implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and actions agreed upon by the international community, and reiterates its commitment to strengthening coordination within the United Nations in close cooperation with all other multilateral financial, trade and development institutions in order to support sustainable development in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; 7. Welcomes the establishment of the Global Crisis Response Group on Food, Energy and Finance, chaired and convened by the Secretary-General, take note of its briefs on the three-dimensional crisis, notes the important efforts undertaken nationally, regionally and internationally to respond to the challenges posed by the persisting risks to the global economy, and recognizes that more needs to be done in order to promote economic recovery and to address, among others, turbulence in global financial and commodity markets, policy uncertainty, trade tensions, financial volatility, unsustainable debt and high unemployment in several countries; 8. Encourages Member States to advance economic reforms proactively, as appropriate, innovate the growth model and focus on the inclusiveness of development and, in the meantime, strengthen international cooperation and avoid inward-looking policies and protectionism, so as to promote an open world economy and generate greater positive effects of globalization; 9. Recognizes that globalization can be a process that enables sustainable development and that the 2030 Agenda is the road map for ensuring an equitable, inclusive, just, sustainable and resilient recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and for accelerating the decade of action and delivery for sustainable development and the full implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals; 10. Underlines that the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development will also depend on facilitating __________________ 4 Resolution 70/1. A/RES/77/175 Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence 22-28794 6/7 the necessary means of implementation, particularly in the areas of finance, international trade, science, technology and capacity-building for developing countries, as well as appropriate national enabling environments, and in this regard calls for a sincere and effective follow-up on the global commitments of all actors; 11. Also underlines that equitable access to financial resources for developing countries is a precondition to achieve a sustainable, inclusive and resilient recovery from the impact of COVID-19 on the Sustainable Development Goals and that strengthened international cooperation focused on the poorest and most vulnerable countries and populations is needed to respond to global crises; 12. Notes with concern that the mobilization of sufficient financing remains a major challenge in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and that progress has not been shared evenly within and among countries, leading to further deepening of existing inequalities; 13. Recognizes the critical role of trade and development and interrelated issues in the areas of finance, technology and investment for inclusive and sustainable development and the need to provide integrated policy responses to issues arising in these areas, including to address inequalities within and among countries, and also recognizes the importance of international cooperation, finance, technology and capacity-building to supporting national efforts in line with national priorities and respecting each country’s policy space while remaining consistent with international rules and commitments; 14. Also recognizes the need for the multilateral trade, economic and financial architecture to incorporate and promote sustainable development and ensure greater coherence and coordination to promote an enabling international environment that facilitates the work of Member States in addressing, inter alia, poverty, inequalities and environmental challenges; 15. Calls upon all countries and stakeholders to support policies conducive to a globalization process that benefits all people and societies, including but not limited to strengthening financing for development, including innovative financing, development cooperation and the international financial, health and trade systems in order to, respectively, enable equitable access to financial resources for recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic; strengthen global health architecture, pandemic prevention, preparedness and response and achieve universal health coverage; promote a universal rules-based, open, transparent, predictable, inclusive, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization at its core, and correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions non-consistent with World Trade Organization rules in world agricultural markets; as well as achieve the Sustainable Development Goals and broaden and strengthen the participation of developing countries in multilateral institutions and as beneficiaries of financing programmes specially designed in accordance with their specific needs; 16. Recognizes that the scaling up of successful policies and approaches in the implementation and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals needs to be complemented by an enhanced and revitalized global partnership and that this partnership should work in the spirit of global solidarity to support a truly universal and transformative global development agenda; 17. Reaffirms that the creation, development and diffusion of new innovations and technologies and associated know-how, including the transfer of technology on mutually agreed terms, are powerful drivers of economic growth and sustainable development; 18. Recognizes that digital transformation has the potential to provide new solutions to development challenges, drive breakthrough progress towards achieving Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence A/RES/77/175 7/7 22-28794 the Sustainable Development Goals and overcoming current disruptions in trade and supply chains and in this regard reaffirms the urgent need to close the digital divides and ensure that the benefits of digital technologies are available to all, by promoting, within and across countries, inclusive and quality access to information and communications technologies and broadband, while reaffirming that any use of digital technologies must protect and respect the same human rights that people have in line with relevant regulations; 19. Reaffirms the need to promote the development, transfer, dissemination and diffusion of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms, as mutually agreed; 20. Underlines the significant potential of regional economic integration and interconnectivity to promote inclusive growth and sustainable development, and reiterates its commitment to strengthening regional cooperation and regional trade agreements; 21. Reaffirms the commitment at the very heart of the 2030 Agenda to leave no one behind and commit to taking more tangible steps to support people in vulnerable situations and the most vulnerable countries and to reach the furthest behind first; 22. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session an action-oriented report on the implementation of the present resolution, including concrete recommendations to accelerate the implementation of the Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session, under the item entitled “Globalization and interdependence”, the sub-item entitled “Role of the United Nations in promoting development in the context of globalization and interdependence”.
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A/RES/77/183
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 14 December 2022 [on the report of the Second Committee (A/77/447/Add.5, para. 8)] 77/183. Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 73/244 of 20 December 2018, 74/237 of 19 December 2019, 75/232 of 21 December 2020 and 76/219 of 17 December 2021, entitled “Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, Reaffirming its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in which it adopted a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Sustainable Development Goals and targets, its commitment to working tirelessly for the full implementation of the Agenda by 2030, its recognition that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, its commitment to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner, and to building upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to address their unfinished business, Reaffirming also its resolution 69/313 of 27 July 2015, on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supports and complements it, helps to contextualize its means of implementation targets with concrete policies and actions, and reaffirms the strong political commitment to address the challenge of financing and creating an enabling environment at all levels for sustainable development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity, A/RES/77/183 Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 22-28804 2/9 Reaffirming further the Paris Agreement 1 and its early entry into force, encouraging all its parties to fully implement the Agreement, and parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible, Reaffirming the New Urban Agenda, adopted at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III), held in Quito, Ecuador, from 17 to 20 October 2016,3 Bearing in mind that the seventy-fifth anniversary of the United Nations in 2020 and the fifth anniversary of the adoption of the 2030 Agenda presented an opportunity to reaffirm collective commitment to multilateralism and to the United Nations, and reaffirming the urgent need to accelerate the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, including the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular the eradication of poverty in all its forms and dimensions, Recalling its declaration, in its resolution 47/196 of 22 December 1992, of 17 October as the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, Recalling also its resolution 72/233 of 20 December 2017, in which it considered that the theme of the Third United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty (2018–2027) should be “Accelerating global actions for a world without poverty”, and all other resolutions related to the eradication of poverty, Reaffirming that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, which is disproportionately high in rural areas, is the greatest global challenge facing the world today and is an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, particularly in Africa, in the least developed countries, in landlocked developing countries, in small island developing States and in some middle-income countries, noting with concern that as of 2019 approximately 648 million people still lived in extreme poverty and that the latest projections suggest that up to 89 million additional people are living in extreme poverty in 2022 because of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the precarious recovery, compounded by the recent global crisis of food, finance and challenge of energy access, and underlining the importance of accelerating sustainable, inclusive and equitable economic growth, recovery and sustainable development, including full, productive employment and decent work for all, with a view to reducing inequalities within and among countries, Noting with great concern the severe negative impact on human health, safety and well-being caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the severe disruption to societies and economies and the devastating impact on lives and livelihoods, and that the poorest and most vulnerable are the hardest hit by the pandemic, reaffirming the ambition to get back on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by designing and implementing sustainable and inclusive recovery strategies to accelerate progress towards the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and to help to reduce the risk of and build resilience to future shocks, crises and pandemics, including by strengthening health systems and achieving universal health coverage, and recognizing that equitable and timely access for all to safe, quality, effective and affordable COVID-19 vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics are an essential part of a global response based on unity, solidarity, renewed multilateral cooperation and the principle of leaving no one behind, __________________ 1 Adopted under the UNFCCC in FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21. 2 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822. 3 Resolution 71/256, annex. Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development A/RES/77/183 3/9 22-28804 Noting that the share of the rural poor in the total population of those living in poverty rose by more than 2 percentage points between 2015 and 2018, which highlights the setbacks and challenges in fighting rural poverty even before the pandemic and the need for accelerated action towards the eradication of poverty, and recognizing that addressing rural poverty is fundamental for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 1 of the 2030 Agenda, as well as most of the other Goals, with 70 per cent of the targets requiring action in rural areas, Emphasizing that the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sustainable development have increased the number of people living in poverty around the world and disrupted, inter alia, the normal functioning of open markets, global supply chain connectivity and the flow of essential goods, hindering the fight against poverty and adding urgency to the call to galvanize action and delivery for the eradication of poverty, in all its forms and dimensions, particularly in rural areas, where most of the extreme poor live, stressing that global inequities in access to COVID-19 vaccines, with the bulk of vaccines disproportionately available in high-income countries, in contrast with the low availability of COVID-19 vaccines in low-income countries, further put at risk the health of the rural poor, in this regard welcoming the 2020 Sustainable Development Goals Moment, placing an emphasis on poverty and inequality, on climate change and a healthy planet and on achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls, taking note of the efforts of the President of the General Assembly at its seventy-fourth session to launch the Alliance for Poverty Eradication, which is timely and meaningful and continues to serve as a platform for the exchange of ideas, policies and best practices on poverty eradication, and stressing the importance of addressing poverty, including rural poverty issues, in these forums, as the rural poor might be less prepared to deal with the effects of and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and multiple crises and could have less access to adequate sanitation, food and nutrition, water, health-care services, education, the Internet, information and communications technology, social protection, financial services and public infrastructure, Commending the efforts and remarkable progress achieved by developing countries in eradicating rural poverty, while noting with concern that key gaps still remain, such as: a lack of adequate data; inadequate investment in agricultural and rural development; lower and inadequate human capital formation relevant for rural livelihoods; inadequate income sources, including scarce non-farm income- generating opportunities; a lack of productive capacity and agricultural transformation; persistent gender inequality; a lack of social protection; insufficient basic infrastructure and services; a lack of or poor adaptive capacity and resilience to cope with the adverse effects of climate change and disasters; and a lack of effective rural institutions and of sufficient resources, Recognizing the leading role of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, together with other United Nations entities, including the International Fund for Agricultural Development, the International Labour Organization and the United Nations Development Programme, in the global efforts to reduce poverty, including rural poverty, while addressing other interlinked challenges such as eliminating hunger, food insecurity and all forms of malnutrition, and increasing the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises, Noting with appreciation the aspirations, embedded in Agenda 2063 of the African Union, to lift huge sections of the population out of poverty, improve incomes and catalyse economic and social transformation, and recognizing the importance of the international community’s helping African countries to achieve such goals, especially in the rural areas of the African continent, A/RES/77/183 Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 22-28804 4/9 Noting that, while considerable progress has been made over the past decade across all areas of development, the pace of progress observed in recent years is insufficient and uneven to fully meet the Sustainable Development Goals and targets by 2030, especially in the area of rural poverty eradication, Recognizing that poverty is a serious impediment to the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls, including those living in rural areas, and that the feminization of poverty persists, emphasizing that the eradication of poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, acknowledging the mutually reinforcing links between the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls and the eradication of poverty, and stressing the importance of support for countries in their efforts to eradicate poverty in all its forms and dimensions, Emphasizing that the implementation of the 2030 Agenda depends crucially on the transformation of rural areas, where most of the poor and hungry live, and that, in order to eradicate rural poverty, investment should be encouraged in those sectors that have a bigger impact, such as education and health, social protection, agriculture and infrastructure, while noting the financing gap between resources dedicated to the education sector and the amount necessary to reach Sustainable Development Goal 4, while the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked an unprecedented learning crisis, and that at least 80 billion dollars in annual investment will be needed to meet the demand for food that is projected to increase by 70 per cent by 2050, and that the investments that are needed for climate change mitigation and adaptation also remain underfunded, Recalling the proclamation of 2019–2028 as the United Nations Decade of Family Farming, to raise the profile of the role of family farming 4 in contributing to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, and reaffirming the importance of the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016–2025) in the promotion of activities towards the eradication of rural poverty, Recognizing the interlinkages and integrated nature of the Sustainable Development Goals, and reiterating that the eradication of rural poverty and hunger is crucial for the achievement of internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the 2030 Agenda, and that rural development should be pursued through an integrated approach which encompasses economic, social and environmental dimensions, takes into account a gender perspective and consists of mutually reinforcing policies and programmes, and which should be balanced, targeted, situation-specific and locally owned, include local synergies and initiatives and be responsive to the needs of rural populations, Recalling that more than 80 per cent of the extreme poor live in rural areas and work in agriculture and that the extreme poverty rate in rural areas is three times higher than in urban areas, and recognizing that devoting resources to the development of rural areas and sustainable agriculture and supporting smallholder farmers, especially women farmers, is key to ending poverty in all its forms and dimensions, by, inter alia, improving the welfare of farmers, Taking into consideration the increasing number of young people who decide to leave rural areas for more urbanized ones and the challenges that this trend poses to the livelihood of rural families, Expressing its concern that the extreme poor have limited access to productive resources, basic health, Internet and digital technologies, education and social __________________ 4 Resolution 72/239. Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development A/RES/77/183 5/9 22-28804 protection services, basic infrastructure such as roads, water and electricity, and off- farm employment opportunities, and are susceptible to the impacts of natural hazards, especially weather-related hazards, including the El Niño phenomenon, and the adverse effects of climate change, and that rural women and girls fare far worse on most development indicators, Emphasizing the importance of enhancing global support for national work on rural development policies and strategies, including on commodity production as well as increased public and private investments to upgrade productive capacity, and that tackling rural poverty requires integrated, cross-sectoral, multi-stakeholder and context-specific interventions, with a strong emphasis on sustainable food and agricultural systems for food security, and nutrition, economic growth, revitalization and development in rural areas, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General5 and the recommendations contained therein; 2. Reaffirms that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, for all people everywhere, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, as well as an overarching objective of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 6 of which the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development7 is an integral part, supporting and complementing it; 3. Expresses its deep concern that the progress in reducing poverty remains uneven, with 1.3 billion people still living in multidimensional poverty, 84 per cent of whom live in rural areas, and that this number continues to be significant and unacceptably high, whereas the levels of inequality in income, wealth and opportunities remain high or are increasing in a number of countries, and the non-income dimensions of poverty and deprivation, such as access to inclusive and equitable quality education or basic health services, and relative poverty remain major concerns, and stresses the importance of national and global efforts to create the conditions for achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions, economic, social and environmental, sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, shared prosperity and decent work for all in society, taking into account different levels of national development capacities; 4. Recognizes the importance of promoting socioeconomic development in rural areas as an effective strategy and important means at the global level for the eradication of poverty, including extreme poverty, and therefore underlines the importance of shaping a rural poverty eradication pattern with the concerted efforts of the whole of society to promote socioeconomic development in rural areas and create sound policy frameworks at the national, regional and international levels based on pro-poor and gender-sensitive development strategies to support accelerated investment in poverty eradication action; 5. Emphasizes that economic growth continues to leave rural dwellers behind, that, circa 2018, 80 per cent of the people living in extreme poverty lived in rural areas and 35 per cent of the population in sub-Saharan Africa lived on less than 2.15 dollars per day in 2019, and recommends that countries promote dedicated and coordinated social, economic, agricultural and rural development in their national policies, including by adopting rural-focused poverty eradication strategies in alignment with the 2030 Agenda, social policies aimed at improving human capital in rural areas and ensuring access to adequate social protection coverage, agricultural __________________ 5 A/77/209. 6 Resolution 70/1. 7 Resolution 69/313, annex. A/RES/77/183 Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 22-28804 6/9 policies aimed at boosting agricultural productivity, and rural development policies aimed at improving access to rural infrastructure and basic services of high quality and at boosting non-farm employment opportunities; 6. Recognizes the critical role and contribution of rural women, including smallholders and women farmers, Indigenous women and their traditional knowledge and women in local communities, in enhancing agricultural and rural development, improving food security and nutrition and eradicating rural poverty, and therefore highlights the importance of promoting their economic empowerment, their full access to land ownership and their participation in decision-making; 7. Stresses the importance of establishing and implementing targeted policies and measures to eradicate poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, by formulating rural development strategies with clear poverty eradication goals, strengthening national statistical capacity and monitoring systems and implementing nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, with a view to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions, economic, social and environmental, and building the resilience of the poor and those in vulnerable situations; 8. Encourages all countries and other relevant stakeholders to promote inclusive economic transformation in rural areas that increases productivity while ensuring productive employment and decent work, access to reliable and appropriate social protection systems, inclusive and equitable quality education, health-care services, quality, resilient and sustainable infrastructure, roads and telecommunications, as well as preparedness planning for crises and early warning, reiterates that the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the important role of digital connectivity and access and the potential of e-commerce and e-learning solutions for poverty eradication, and thus calls upon all stakeholders to strengthen digital, information and communications technology, science, technology and innovation cooperation on mutually agreed terms, especially in the area of e-commerce, financial technology (fintech), affordable and reliable Internet connectivity and digital infrastructure investment and construction to keep food and agriculture supply chains functioning and achieve momentum under the 2030 Agenda for an inclusive, sustainable and resilient recovery for global development, putting people at the centre of the response, protecting our planet and achieving prosperity, with no one left behind, in line with the 2030 Agenda; 9. Recognizes that eradicating poverty in rural areas cannot be separated from the sustainable transformation and strengthening of food systems and that ensuring fair markets that enable the participation of smallholder and family farmers in food systems, particularly in value chains where small-scale producers have a comparative advantage, will continue to be important, in this regard takes note with appreciation of the United Nations Food Systems Summit, held in 2021, which recognized the transformative effects of sustainable food systems as a driver for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, underscores that promoting a universal, rules-based, open, transparent, predictable, inclusive, non-discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system under the World Trade Organization is essential for building sustainable, inclusive and resilient food systems, and thus stresses the importance of keeping trade channels and markets open, equitable, transparent, non-discriminatory and predictable for the movement of food, fertilizer and other agricultural inputs and outputs and access to energy, and emphasizes the urgent need to combat protectionism in all its forms and to correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions that are inconsistent with World Trade Organization rules in world agricultural markets; 10. Notes with great concern that the poorest population spends a larger share of income on food, which means that even a small increase in food prices can be Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development A/RES/77/183 7/9 22-28804 devastating, and that food price shocks are a driver of increased poverty, in particular in rural areas; 11. Calls upon all countries to promote agricultural and rural development in their national policies and renew their efforts to promote innovative approaches, including agroecology, among other approaches, to enhance capacity for food production, distribution and storage, cooperate in the relevant areas of science, research, technology and innovation, as appropriate and consistent with national policies and frameworks, to strengthen sustainable agriculture and food systems that enhance food security and nutrition, including sustainable productivity growth, significantly reducing food loss and waste, and strengthen policies that support small- scale producers in engaging in agriculture and food system value chains; 12. Recognizes the importance of employment for pro-poor growth in rural areas, and encourages the United Nations system and development partners to assist countries, upon their request, in mainstreaming employment into investment policy and poverty reduction strategies, including those focused on rural area development, and fostering rapid agricultural productivity growth, especially in developing countries, by increasing investment in agricultural and related rural off-farm activities and strengthening capacity-building for agricultural producers; 13. Also recognizes the essential role of inclusive and sustainable industrial development which can diversify income opportunities as part of a comprehensive strategy of structural economic transformation in eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, especially in rural areas, supporting inclusive, sustained and sustainable economic growth, and thus in contributing to achieving sustainable development in developing countries, and calls upon international industrial cooperation to advance inclusive and sustainable industrialization and innovation and help developing countries to improve industrial production capacity; 14. Further recognizes the need to design, implement and pursue gender- responsive economic and social policies aimed at, inter alia, eradicating poverty, including in rural areas, and combating the feminization of poverty, ensuring the full and equal participation of rural women in the development, implementation and follow-up of development policies and programmes and poverty eradication strategies, supporting increased rural employment and decent work and the redistribution of unpaid domestic and care work, and promoting the full, equal and meaningful participation and leadership of women at all levels and sectors of the rural economy and in diverse on-farm and off-farm economic activities, including sustainable agricultural and fisheries production; 15. Encourages Member States, international organizations, the private sector and other partners to develop programmes to foster the creation of decent work in rural areas and increase the investment in agricultural and related off-farm activities, especially for young people; 16. Emphasizes that, globally, 1.4 billion people, primarily in rural areas in developing countries, do not have access to formal financial services, and encourages further efforts of the international community to offer affordable ways to access finance for the financially excluded in rural areas; 17. Also emphasizes the need to increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient rural infrastructure, especially in roads, water, sanitation, electricity and Internet connectivity, and to provide an inclusive and sustainable digital transformation; 18. Expresses its commitment to raising public awareness to promote the eradication of poverty and extreme poverty in all countries, to mobilizing the enthusiasm and creativity of all stakeholders, especially the rural residents living in A/RES/77/183 Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 22-28804 8/9 extreme poverty, to fight against poverty, to promoting their active participation in the design and implementation of programmes and policies that affect them, and to providing quality education for the rural poor, with the aim of achieving the 2030 Agenda; 19. Reiterates the need for enhanced and expanded access on mutually agreed terms by developing countries to appropriate technologies that are pro-poor and raise productivity, and underlines the need for measures to increase investment in agriculture, including modern technologies, as well as in natural resources management and capacity-building of developing countries; 20. Stresses that the achievement of sustainable development and the eradication of poverty also hinge on the ability and readiness of countries to effectively mobilize domestic resources, attract foreign direct investment, fulfil official development assistance commitments and use official development assistance effectively, and facilitate the transfer of technology to developing countries, on mutually agreed terms, and further stresses that the resolution of unsustainable debt situations is critical for heavily indebted poor countries, while remittances have become a significant source of income and finance for receiving economies and their contribution to the achievement of sustainable development; 21. Recognizes the importance of addressing the diverse needs of and challenges faced by countries in special situations, in particular African countries, the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, as well as the specific challenges facing many middle-income countries, and therefore requests the United Nations development system, the international financial institutions, regional organizations and other stakeholders to ensure that these diverse and specific development needs are appropriately considered and addressed, in a tailored fashion, in their relevant strategies and policies, with a view to promoting a coherent and comprehensive approach towards individual countries; 22. Realizes that bridging the digital divide will require strong commitment by all relevant stakeholders at the national and international levels, reiterates the importance of investing in infrastructure for greater access to affordable technological devices and services for rural populations, which includes leveraging technology- enabled financial services and financial technologies to promote financial inclusion, and encourages efforts by all relevant stakeholders, especially United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, in the spirit of win-win cooperation, to assist developing countries in overcoming the digital divide and promoting the use of information and communications technologies to foster economic and social development, particularly in rural areas, with the aim of building a shared future for humankind; 23. Recognizes the devastating impact of diseases on societies, and calls for measures by relevant United Nations bodies, in accordance with their respective mandates, and other stakeholders to make good use of their experience and advantages to further help developing countries with the aim of improving rural development planning, including poverty eradication and multisectoral development activities covering economic and social aspects, including a gender perspective; 24. Reiterates the urgent need to accelerate the pace of rural poverty eradication, and requests the Secretary-General, in close collaboration with the secretariat of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, as well as other relevant international organizations, to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-eighth session a report on the status of the implementation of and follow-up to the present resolution in order to identify the progress achieved, gaps and challenges faced in rural poverty eradication, especially in developing countries, as Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development A/RES/77/183 9/9 22-28804 well as the means of implementation to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and address its impacts, and to list rural poverty eradication as a priority for an annual Sustainable Development Goals moment to highlight inspiring action on the Goals, in the context of the general debate of the General Assembly; 25. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-eighth session, under the item entitled “Eradication of poverty and other development issues”, the sub-item entitled “Eradicating rural poverty to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”.
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A/RES/77/193
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2022 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/77/456, para. 61)] 77/193. Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 61/143 of 19 December 2006, 62/133 of 18 December 2007, 63/155 of 18 December 2008, 64/137 of 18 December 2009, 65/187 of 21 December 2010, 67/144 of 20 December 2012 and all its previous resolutions on the elimination of violence against women, as well as its resolutions 69/147 of 18 December 2014, 71/170 of 19 December 2016, 73/148 of 17 December 2018 and 75/161 of 16 December 2020 on the intensification of efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls, Reaffirming the Universal Declaration of Human Rights1 and the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,2 Reaffirming also the obligation of all States to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms, and reaffirming further that discrimination on the basis of sex is contrary to the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 3 the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 4 the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 5 the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 6 the __________________ 1 Resolution 217 A (III). 2 A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III. 3 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 4 Ibid. 5 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378. 6 Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464. A/RES/77/193 Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms 22-28890 2/14 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities7 and the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Optional Protocols thereto, 8 Reaffirming further the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women,9 the Beijing Declaration10 and Platform for Action,11 the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development12 and the outcomes of their review conferences, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples,13 Welcoming the commitment to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls contained in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 14 and in the agreed conclusions adopted by the Commission on the Status of Women at its sixty-sixth session15 and previous sessions, recognizing that women play a vital role as agents of change for sustainable development, and acknowledging that achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls is crucial to making progress across all Sustainable Development Goals and targets, Recalling all previous agreed conclusions adopted by the Commission on the Status of Women, including at its sixty-fifth session, on 26 March 2021, on women’s full and effective participation and decision-making in public life, as well as the elimination of violence, for achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls,16 and at its fifty-seventh session, on 15 March 2013, on the elimination and prevention of all forms of violence against women and girls, 17 taking note of all international, regional and national initiatives in this regard, such as the Generation Equality Forum, which was convened by the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women) and co-chaired by France and Mexico, in partnership with civil society, Recalling also the commitment to eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation, contained in Sustainable Development Goal 5, in particular targets 5.2 and 5.3, the commitment to promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels, contained in Sustainable Development Goal 16, and the commitment to leave no one behind, Acknowledging the importance of combating trafficking in persons in order to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls, and in this regard stressing the importance of the full and effective implementation of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime,18 as well as of the United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat __________________ 7 Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910. 8 Ibid., vols. 1577, 2171, 2173 and 2983, No. 27531. 9 Resolution 48/104. 10 Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, 4–15 September 1995 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.96.IV.13), chap. I, resolution 1, annex I. 11 Ibid., annex II. 12 Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5–13 September 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18), chap. I, resolution 1, annex. 13 Resolution 61/295, annex. 14 Resolution 70/1. 15 Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2022, Supplement No. 7 (E/2022/27), chap. I, sect. A. 16 Ibid., 2021, Supplement No. 7 (E/2021/27), chap. I, sect. A. 17 Ibid., 2013, Supplement No. 7 (E/2013/27), chap. I, sect. A. 18 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2237, No. 39574. Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms A/RES/77/193 3/14 22-28890 Trafficking in Persons,19 and reaffirming the obligation to take or strengthen measures, including through bilateral or multilateral cooperation, to alleviate the factors that make women and girls vulnerable to trafficking, such as poverty, underdevelopment and lack of equal opportunity, Deeply concerned about the continued prevalence of violence against women and girls in all its different forms and manifestations worldwide, offline and online, which is underrecognized and underreported, particularly at the community level, and its pervasiveness, which reflects discriminatory norms that reinforce stereotypes, including gender stereotypes and negative social norms, and gender inequality and the corresponding impunity and lack of accountability, reiterating the need to intensify efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres in all regions of the world, and re-emphasizing that violence against women and girls violates, and impairs their full enjoyment of, all human rights, Emphasizing that domestic violence against women and girls of all social strata across the world is a violation, abuse or impairment of the enjoyment of their human rights and fundamental freedoms and, as such, is unacceptable, and gravely concerned that domestic violence, including intimate partner violence and marital rape, remains the most prevalent and least visible form of violence, Deeply concerned by the impact of historical and structural inequalities, unequal power relations, gender stereotypes and negative social norms, perceptions and customs and disregard for women and girls’ dignity, integrity and autonomy, that are among the primary causes of gender-based violence and harmful practices against women and girls and that reinforce the lower status of girls and adolescent girls in society, Recognizing that violence against women and girls is one of the fundamental social, political and economic means by which the position of women with respect to men is regarded as subordinate and their stereotyped roles are perpetuated, and that this violence is rooted in gender stereotypes and negative social norms, such as the ideology of men’s entitlement and privilege over women, and perceptions of masculinity, including the need to assert male control or power, leading to the justification, normalization, condonement and perpetuation of violence and stigmatization of victims and survivors, Recognizing also the challenges and obstacles to eliminating discriminatory attitudes, gender stereotypes and negative social norms that perpetuate multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination against women and girls, and stressing that challenges and obstacles remain in the implementation of international standards and norms to eliminate gender inequality, Expressing deep concern at the continuing reports of grave abuses and violence committed against migrant women and girls, including gender-based violence, sexual violence, sexual exploitation and abuse, domestic violence, gender-related killing of women and girls, including femicide, racist and xenophobic acts and expressions, discrimination, abusive labour practices, exploitative conditions of work and trafficking in persons, including forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, while taking into account the particular difficulties in accessing justice that may be faced by women migrant workers and acknowledging the challenges in recognizing their positive contributions, Expressing its concern that incidents of racial and religious intolerance, discrimination and related violence against women and girls, because of negative __________________ 19 Resolution 64/293. A/RES/77/193 Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms 22-28890 4/14 racial and religious stereotyping, continue to rise around the world, and condemning, in this context, any advocacy of national, racial or religious hatred that constitutes incitement to discrimination, hostility or violence, and urging States to take effective measures, consistent with their obligations under international human rights law, to address and combat such incidents, Deeply concerned that women and girls with disabilities face an increased risk of violence based on stereotypes that dehumanize, infantilize, objectify, exclude or isolate them, Reaffirming the right to freely choose a spouse, to enter into marriage only with free and full consent and to have control over and to decide freely and responsibly on matters relating to sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free of coercion, discrimination and violence, and recognizing that equal relationships in matters of sexual relations and reproduction, including full respect for dignity, integrity and autonomy, are key to preventing and eliminating all forms of violence against all women and girls, Recognizing that stereotypes portraying the role and the value of women solely as mothers and wives may contribute to discrimination and violence against women and girls, and in particular against widows, female heads of household, single and divorced women, women without children and women experiencing infertility, Recognizing also that those who are exposed to or experience violence in childhood are at increased risk of becoming perpetrators of violence against women and girls and more likely to experience violence later in life, and therefore recognizing the need to address the root causes of violence, including gender stereotypes and negative social norms, in order to help to stop the intergenerational cycle of violence, Recognizing further the contributions of family members in combating violence against women and girls, including domestic violence, and that in preventing such violence family members can play an important role, and emphasizing men’s responsibilities as partners, parents and caregivers in the equal sharing of unpaid care and domestic work, as a means of enabling women to increase their participation in decision-making in public life and in the labour market, Expressing concern at institutional and structural discrimination against all women and girls, such as laws, policies, regulations, programmes, administrative procedures or structures, services and practices that directly or indirectly restrict access to institutions, property and landownership, inheritance, nationality, health care and services, education, justice, women’s employment and access to credit, which place them at increased risk of violence, and compound the violence experienced, and constitute a major impediment to their full, equal, meaningful and effective participation in society, as well as economic and political life, Recognizing that women’s poverty and lack of empowerment, as well as their marginalization resulting from their exclusion from social and economic policies and from the benefits of education and sustainable development, can place them at increased risk of violence, and that violence against women and girls impedes the social and economic and therefore the sustainable development of communities and States, as well as the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and other internationally agreed development goals, Recognizing also the importance of relevant International Labour Organization standards related to the realization of women’s right to work and rights at work which are critical for women’s full and effective participation and decision-making in public life and the elimination of violence, recalling the decent work agenda of the International Labour Organization and the International Labour Organization Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms A/RES/77/193 5/14 22-28890 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, and noting the importance of their effective implementation, Stressing the need to eliminate gender stereotypes and negative social norms in the world of work that condone violence against women and girls, including through, but not limited to, quality education, training and awareness-raising campaigns, associated with a change in attitudes and increased knowledge about sexual harassment, particularly among men and boys, as well as ensuring equal pay for work of equal value and reaffirming the necessity of recognizing, valuing, reducing and redistributing unpaid care and domestic work, Recognizing that many women who are pregnant and/or mothers face discrimination in the workplace based on gender stereotypes and negative social norms, and noting that such discriminatory attitudes can negatively affect all women in the world of work, Recognizing also that educational opportunities, as well as equal access to gender-responsive education addressing consent, respecting boundaries and what constitutes unacceptable behaviour and how to report it, are effective ways to prevent and eliminate violence against women and girls, to combat gender stereotypes and negative social norms, and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls, women’s formal employment and economic opportunities and their active participation in economic, social and cultural development, governance and decision-making, Recognizing further the need to provide or strengthen human rights education and training for health-care workers, the police, law enforcement officers and prison staff, and other relevant professions, so as to combat gender stereotypes and negative social norms that condone violence against women and girls, Recognizing that images, videos and other content in the media and digital contexts of women and girls and violence against them, in particular those that depict rape, sexual exploitation or sexual slavery, are factors contributing to the continued prevalence of such violence, and that the arts, media and other forms of communication can exacerbate, maintain or combat gender stereotypes and negative social norms, Recognizing also that the growing impact of violence against women and girls, including sexual harassment and abuse, in digital contexts, especially on social media, its impunity and the lack of legislative and preventive measures and remedies underline the need for action by Member States, in partnership with relevant stakeholders, and that such violence may include stalking, death threats and threats of sexual and gender-based violence, as well as related trends against women and girls in digital contexts, such as trolling, cyberbullying and other forms of cyberharassment, including unwanted verbal or non-verbal conduct of a sexual nature, arbitrary or unlawful surveillance and tracking, trafficking in persons, extortion, censorship and the hacking of digital accounts, mobile telephones and other electronic devices, limiting women’s equal participation in public life, including through discrediting or silencing women and girls, compromising their health, emotional and psychological well-being and safety and/or inciting other violations and abuses against them, Noting the fact that several countries have criminalized the non-consensual online dissemination of intimate or sexually explicit images of adult persons, ensuring that victims do not have to rely solely on other criminal law provisions, Alarmed by the fact that violence against women and girls, including gender- related killings of women and girls, also known as femicide, which constitutes an extreme form of violence against women and girls, is among the least punished crimes A/RES/77/193 Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms 22-28890 6/14 owing to, inter alia, gender bias among the judiciary and law enforcement, and recognizing the key role of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement officials, in preventing and responding to violence against women and girls, including in ending impunity for such crimes, Underscoring that gender stereotypes and negative social norms, including when leading to shame or stigma, and all forms of discrimination, including structural discrimination, as well as discriminatory legal, practical and structural barriers to access to justice and legal services, a lack of information and awareness, the fear of reprisals, gender bias in the judiciary and law enforcement, risk of revictimization, harassment and possible retribution, persisting impunity, insufficient recourse for victims of violence against women and girls, and negative economic consequences, such as loss of livelihood or reduced income for women, prevent many women and girls from reporting or acting as witnesses and from seeking redress and justice for these crimes, Recognizing that women human rights defenders, politicians, journalists and other media workers, and women in leadership positions that challenge accepted sociocultural norms, traditions, perceptions and stereotypes, including gender stereotypes and negative social norms, are at greater risk of facing certain forms of violence, and gravely concerned that impunity for violations and abuses against them persists owing to factors such as a lack of reporting, documentation, investigation and access to justice, social barriers and constraints with regard to addressing sexual and gender-based violence and the stigmatization that may result from such violations and abuses, Deeply concerned that all women and girls, especially in developing countries, including small island developing States, and particularly those in vulnerable situations, are often disproportionately affected by the adverse impacts of climate change, environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, extreme weather events and natural disasters and other environmental issues, which may exacerbate existing structural inequalities as well as violence against women and girls and harmful practices, including the incidence of child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation, and emphasizing the lack of sufficient data and understanding of the impact of climate change and environmental degradation on violence against women and girls, Recognizing that all women and girls, especially victims and survivors of all forms of violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, living in areas affected by complex humanitarian emergencies and in areas affected by terrorism and conflict, have particular needs, including regarding their physical, mental, sexual and reproductive health, and that global health threats, climate change, more frequent and intense natural disasters, conflicts, violent extremism as and when conducive to terrorism, and related humanitarian crises and the forced displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades and have particular negative impacts on women and girls that need to be comprehensively assessed and addressed, Stressing that men and boys need to support and take concrete actions for more equal power relations, and therefore stressing the need to fully engage men and boys as strategic partners, allies and beneficiaries in achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls and in preventing and eliminating all forms of sexual and gender-based violence, including by combating gender stereotypes and negative social norms, such as patriarchal masculinity, sexism and misogyny, Recognizing the need to promote the full, effective, equal and meaningful participation of women in all their diversity and women’s and girls’ rights organizations and women’s organizations, including victims and survivors of Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms A/RES/77/193 7/14 22-28890 violence, in the development, implementation and evaluation of gender-responsive policies, regulations and legislation designed to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls and to allow civil society to operate freely and safely, 1. Strongly condemns all forms of violence against all women and girls, which often occur in a continuum and throughout the life course, and their persistence and pervasiveness, recognizing that they are an impediment to the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls and to the full realization of their human rights; 2. Stresses that “violence against women and girls” means any act of violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, psychological or economic harm or suffering to women and girls, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life, online and offline, and notes the economic and social harm caused by such violence; 3. Urges States to strongly condemn all forms of violence against women and girls, both offline and online, and reaffirms that they should not invoke any custom, tradition or religious consideration to avoid their obligations with respect to its elimination and should pursue, by all appropriate means and without delay, a policy of eliminating all forms of violence against women, as set out in the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women; 4. Calls upon States to address multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, which place women and girls at greater risk of exploitation, violence and abuse, to implement measures to prevent and eliminate gender stereotypes, negative social norms, attitudes and behaviours that cause or perpetuate discrimination and violence against women and girls and to ensure their participation and leadership in society; 5. Urges States to take comprehensive, multisectoral, coordinated, effective and gender-responsive measures to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls and to address structural and underlying causes and risk factors, including by: (a) Designing and implementing legislation and policies to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence and harmful practices against all women and girls, including sexual and gender-based violence, domestic violence, including intimate partner violence and marital rape, online violence, sexual harassment, gender-related killing of women and girls, including femicide and female infanticide, child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation, and to end impunity for such cases; (b) Addressing and eliminating the root causes of gender inequality, including all forms of discrimination against women and girls, patriarchal values, unequal power relations, gender stereotypes and negative social norms, perceptions and customs and harmful social norms, attitudes and behaviours, which justify, normalize, condone or perpetuate violence against women and girls and stigmatize victims and survivors; (c) Preventing and eliminating, in all public and private spheres, discrimination, gender stereotypes, negative social norms, attitudes and behaviours and unequal power relations by which women and girls are regarded as subordinate to men and boys, and that underlie and perpetuate male domination, by designing and implementing gender-responsive policies, regulations and legislation that are aimed at eliminating discriminatory attitudes and social and cultural patterns of conduct that condone violence against all women and girls; A/RES/77/193 Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms 22-28890 8/14 (d) Addressing and eliminating gender stereotypes and negative social norms that perpetuate racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, which reveal themselves in a differentiated manner for women and girls and can be among the factors leading to a deterioration in their living conditions, poverty, violence, multiple forms of discrimination and limitation or denial of their human rights; (e) Eliminating gender stereotypes and negative social norms that can lead to violence against migrant women and girls, including women migrant workers, by addressing the structural and underlying causes of all forms of violence against them, including through education and the dissemination of information to combat misinformation and stigma against them, by acknowledging their positive contributions, thereby combating negative perceptions of them, and by raising awareness of gender equality issues and promoting their economic empowerment and access to decent work; (f) Taking measures to empower women by, inter alia, strengthening their economic autonomy and ensuring their full, effective, equal and meaningful participation in society and in decision-making processes by adopting and implementing social and economic policies that guarantee women full and equal access to opportunities, resources and basic services such as quality education and training and affordable and adequate public and social services, as well as full and equal access to financial, natural and productive resources and decent work, equal pay for work of equal value, and full and equal rights to own and have access to and control over land and other property, and guaranteeing women’s and girls’ inheritance rights, and taking further appropriate measures to address the increasing rate of homelessness of and inadequate housing for women in order to reduce their vulnerability to violence; (g) Enacting or strengthening and enforcing laws and policies to eliminate all forms of violence and harassment against women of all ages in the world of work, including by eliminating gender stereotypes and negative social norms; (h) Adopting measures to recognize, reduce and redistribute women’s and girls’ disproportionate share of unpaid care, informal and domestic work and to tackle the persisting feminization of poverty, including through poverty eradication measures, labour policies, public services and social protection programmes, and to address the discrimination and gender inequality, including gender stereotypes and negative social norms, attitudes and behaviours and unequal power relations in which women and girls are viewed as subordinate to men and boys, that are at the root of these imbalances; (i) Ensuring the promotion and protection of the human rights of all women and their sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences, including through the development and enforcement of policies and legal frameworks and the strengthening of health systems that make universally accessible and available quality, comprehensive sexual and reproductive health-care services, commodities, information and education, including safe and effective methods of modern contraception, emergency contraception, prevention programmes for adolescent pregnancy, maternal health care such as skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care, which will reduce obstetric fistula and other complications of pregnancy and delivery, safe abortion where such services are permitted by national law, and prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infections, sexually transmitted infections, HIV and reproductive cancers, recognizing that human rights include the right to have control over and decide freely and responsibly on matters Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms A/RES/77/193 9/14 22-28890 related to their sexuality, including sexual and reproductive health, free from coercion, discrimination and violence; (j) Developing and implementing programmes that aim to prevent and eliminate gender disparities in enrolment and gender stereotypes and negative social norms in education systems, curricula and materials, whether derived from any discriminatory practices, social or cultural attitudes or legal and economic circumstances; (k) Implementing, in partnership with all relevant stakeholders, effective violence prevention and response activities in schools and communities, educating children from a young age regarding the importance of treating all people with dignity and respect, and designing educational programmes and teaching materials that support consent, non-violent behaviour, respect for boundaries and what constitutes unacceptable behaviour and how to report it, that eliminate gender stereotypes and negative social norms, build self-esteem and informed decision-making and communication skills and promote the development of respectful relationships based on gender equality, inclusion and respect for human rights; (l) Developing policies and programmes with the support, where appropriate, of international organizations, civil society and non-governmental organizations, giving priority to formal, informal and non-formal education programmes, including scientifically accurate and age-appropriate comprehensive education that is relevant to cultural contexts, that targets stereotyped gender roles and promotes the values of gender equality and non-discrimination, including positive masculinities, and that provides adolescent girls and boys and young women and men in and out of school, consistent with their evolving capacities, and with appropriate direction and guidance from parents and legal guardians, with the best interests of the child as their basic concern, information on sexual and reproductive health and HIV prevention, gender equality and women’s empowerment, human rights, physical, psychological and pubertal development, including menstrual health, and power in relationships between women and men, to enable them to build self-esteem and foster informed decision-making, communication and risk reduction skills and to develop respectful relationships, in full partnership with young persons, parents, legal guardians, caregivers, educators and health-care providers, in order to, inter alia, enable them to protect themselves from HIV infection and other risks; (m) Removing barriers, including political, legal, cultural, social, economic, institutional and religious ones, preventing women’s full, equal, effective and meaningful participation in leadership and political and other decision-making positions, taking into account that promoting women to leadership positions may significantly reduce the risk of violence against women and girls and promoting the full, effective, equal and meaningful participation of women and women’s organizations, including victims and survivors of violence, in the development, implementation and evaluation of gender-responsive policies, regulations and legislation designed to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls and to allow civil society to operate freely and safely without fear of intimidation or reprisals; (n) Preventing, addressing and prohibiting gender-based violence, including sexual harassment, against all women and girls in public and political life, including women in leadership positions, journalists and other media workers, feminists and women human rights defenders, including through practical steps to prevent threats, harassment and violence, and to combat impunity by ensuring that those responsible for violations and abuses, including sexual and gender-based violence and threats, including in digital contexts, are promptly brought to justice and held accountable through impartial investigations; A/RES/77/193 Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms 22-28890 10/14 (o) Promoting the full, equal and meaningful participation and leadership of young women and, as appropriate, adolescent girls in decision-making processes by addressing gender-specific barriers and by promoting and enabling spaces where they can express their views of all matters relevant to them, ensuring their full and equal access to quality education, technology and skills development, leadership and mentorship programmes, increased technical and financial support, and protection from all forms of violence and discrimination; (p) Preventing, addressing and prohibiting all forms of discrimination, intimidation, harassment and violence, both offline and online, that prevent women and girls from fully enjoying all their human rights and fundamental freedoms, and taking all measures to address the gender digital divide and ensure equal access of women and girls to information and communications technology design and consumption, promoting digital, media and information literacy and connectivity to enable the participation of all women and girls in education and training, while noting with concern that new technological developments can perpetuate existing patterns of inequality and discrimination, including in the algorithms used in artificial intelligence-based solutions; (q) Adopting and implementing effective measures to encourage the media to eliminate discrimination against women and girls, including the harmful and stereotypical portrayal of women or specific groups of women, from their activities, practices and output, including those perpetuated by advertisements, online and in other digital environments, that foster gender-based violence, sexual exploitation and inequality, and to refrain from presenting women and girls as inferior beings and exploiting them as sexual objects and commodities; (r) Mainstreaming a gender perspective in the conceptualization, development and implementation of digital technologies and related policies and promoting the participation of women in order to address violence and discrimination against women and girls in digital contexts, inter alia by encouraging digital technology companies, including Internet service providers, to respect standards and implement transparent and accessible reporting mechanisms; (s) Taking appropriate measures for the prevention of all forms of violence, intimidation, threats and attacks against women online and through digital technologies, and to protect them in online spaces, and considering adopting laws, policies and practices that protect them from defamation and hate speech while also respecting their human rights and fundamental freedoms; (t) Ensuring that, in armed conflict and post-conflict situations and in natural disaster situations, the prevention of and response to all forms of violence against women and girls, including sexual and gender-based violence and conflict-related sexual violence, are prioritized and effectively addressed and are centred on victims and survivors, while respecting the rights and prioritizing the needs of survivors, including groups that are particularly at risk or may be specifically targeted, including through the investigation, prosecution and punishment of perpetrators and the strengthening of national justice mechanisms to end impunity, the removal of barriers to women’s and girls’ access to justice, the establishment of complaint and reporting mechanisms and the provision of support and services to victims and survivors; (u) Addressing gender stereotypes and negative social norms in order to create an enabling environment for women’s and girls’ empowerment in the context of climate change, environmental degradation and disasters, including in situations of response to extreme weather events; (v) Engaging, educating, encouraging and supporting men and boys to be positive role models for gender equality and to promote respectful relationships, to Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms A/RES/77/193 11/14 22-28890 refrain from and condemn all forms of discrimination and violence against women and girls, to increase their understanding of the harmful effects of violence for the victim/survivor and society as a whole, and to ensure that they take responsibility and are held accountable for behaviour, including for behaviour that perpetuates gender stereotypes and negative social norms, including misconceptions about masculinities that underlie discrimination and violence against women and girls, and that men and boys take responsibility for their sexual and reproductive behaviour and for equitable sharing of responsibilities with respect to care and household work; (w) Designing, implementing and regularly monitoring the impact of national policies, programmes and strategies that address the roles and responsibilities of men and boys, including through combating social-cultural norms and traditional and customary practices that condone violence against all women and girls, counteracting attitudes by which women and girls are regarded as subordinate to men and boys or as having stereotyped gender roles that perpetuate practices involving violence or coercion, and aiming to ensure the equal sharing of responsibilities within households in unpaid care and domestic work, including through parental leave policies, and increased flexibility in working arrangements which would facilitate the equal sharing of responsibilities; (x) Recognizing the importance of working with men and boys to combat gender stereotypes and negative social norms and unequal power relations, ensuring that all policies and programmes on preventing and ending violence against women and girls aimed at engaging men and boys are designed and promoted with the ultimate objectives of ensuring that the concerns of all women and girls, their rights, their empowerment, their safety and their voices and women’s full, equal and meaningful participation in decision-making and political agendas at all levels are prioritized; (y) Holding persons in positions of authority, whether in public or private environments, such as teachers, religious and community leaders, traditional authorities, politicians and law enforcement officials, accountable for not complying with and/or upholding laws and regulations relating to violence against women and girls, in order to prevent and respond to such violence in a gender-responsive manner, to end impunity and to avoid the abuse of power leading to violence against women and girls and the revictimization of victims/survivors of such violence; 6. Also urges States to take immediate and effective action to prevent and respond to all forms of violence against women and girls and to support and protect all victims and survivors by: (a) Exercising due diligence and ensuring legislation to prevent, investigate, prosecute and hold to account the perpetrators of all forms of violence against women and girls, to eliminate impunity and to provide for effective access to appropriate remedies and reparations for victims and survivors, ensuring the protection of women and girls, including adequate enforcement of civil remedies, orders of protection and criminal sanctions, and the provision of shelters, mental health and psychosocial services, counselling, health-care services and other types of support services, in order to avoid revictimization, promoting an empowering environment, and in doing so contributing to the enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by women and girls subjected to violence; (b) Removing all barriers to women’s access to justice and accountability mechanisms and ensuring that they all have access to information about their rights as well as effective legal assistance so that they can make informed decisions regarding, inter alia, legal proceedings and issues relating to family law, and also ensuring that they have access to just and effective victim-centred remedies for the harm that they have suffered, including formal and appropriate informal justice A/RES/77/193 Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms 22-28890 12/14 mechanisms, as provided for by national legislation and, where necessary, the adoption of national legislation, bearing in mind that victims and survivors may be subjected to further discrimination or reprisals; (c) Providing relevant, comprehensive and victim-centred legal protection in full respect of human rights to support and assist victims and survivors of all forms of violence, in a gender-responsive manner, including victim and witness protection from reprisals for bringing complaints or giving evidence, within the framework of their national legal systems, including, as appropriate, legislative or other measures, such as addressing gender stereotypes and negative social norms throughout the criminal and civil justice system and law enforcement, taking into account women and girls facing multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination; (d) Ensuring that services and programmes designed to protect women and girls from violence are accessible to women and girls with disabilities, including those living in institutionalized settings, who are particularly vulnerable to violence, including by ensuring that facilities for such services and programmes are accessible, and disability is mainstreamed in materials and training courses addressed to professionals working on violence against women; (e) Establishing comprehensive, coordinated, interdisciplinary, accessible and sustained multisectoral services, programmes and responses for all victims and survivors of all forms of violence, including sexual harassment, that are adequately resourced, that are, when possible, in a language that they understand and in which they can communicate and that include effective and coordinated action by, as appropriate, relevant stakeholders, such as the police and the justice sector, as well as providers of legal aid services, health services, shelters, medical and psychological assistance counselling services and protection, and, in cases of girl victims and survivors, ensuring that such services, programmes and responses take into account the best interests of the child; (f) Establishing and/or strengthening law enforcement, health and social workers’ and counsellors’ response protocols and procedures to ensure that all appropriate actions are coordinated and taken to protect and respond to the needs of victims of violence, to identify acts of violence and to prevent their recurrence or further acts of violence and physical and psychological harm, ensuring that services are responsive to survivors’ needs, including by providing access to female health- care providers, police officers and counsellors if requested, and ensuring and maintaining the privacy of victims and the confidentiality of their reporting; (g) Taking and implementing further measures to ensure that all officials, including those in leadership positions, responsible for implementing policies and programmes aimed at preventing violence against women and girls, protecting and assisting victims and investigating and punishing acts of violence receive training on gender equality and women’s and girls’ empowerment, to raise their awareness of gender-specific needs, as well as of the underlying causes and the short- and long- term impact of violence against women and girls, and training on gender-responsive investigation of crimes of violence against women and girls; 7. Encourages States, in efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls, to work in partnership with the private sector and civil society, including women’s, young women’s, youth-led and community-based organizations, organizations of and led by persons with disabilities, faith-based organizations, rural, Indigenous and feminist groups, women human rights defenders, women journalists and media workers and trade, labour and other professional unions, as well as other relevant stakeholders, and to support initiatives undertaken by them, including by allocating adequate financial resources, aimed at promoting gender equality and inclusion and eliminating violence against women and girls; Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms A/RES/77/193 13/14 22-28890 8. Also encourages States to systematically collect, analyse and disseminate data disaggregated by sex, age and other parameters relevant in national contexts, including, where appropriate, administrative data from law enforcement officials, the health sector, the judiciary and other relevant sectors, to consider developing methodologies to collect data on all forms of violence against women and girls, including sexual harassment, in, inter alia, digital contexts, in order to monitor all forms of such violence, such as data on the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim and geographical location, with the involvement of national statistical offices and, where appropriate, in partnership with other actors, including law enforcement agencies, in order to ensure high-quality, reliable and timely disaggregated data and gender statistics to effectively review and implement laws, policies, strategies and preventive and protective measures, while ensuring and maintaining the privacy and the confidentiality of the victims; 9. Urges the international community, including the United Nations system and, as appropriate, regional and subregional organizations, to support national efforts to promote gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls in order to enhance international efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls, through, inter alia, official development assistance, other appropriate assistance as well as South-South and triangular cooperation, such as facilitating the sharing of guidelines, methodologies, lessons learned and best practices, taking into account national priorities; 10. Stresses the need to continue to take and strengthen the measures necessary to ensure that no individual working within the United Nations system, including its agencies, funds, programmes and entities, is involved in sexual harassment, too often perpetrated against those affected by humanitarian crises, and calling upon the United Nations system to intensify its efforts in this regard to ensure zero tolerance for such violence; 11. Underscores the critical importance of protecting all persons affected by humanitarian crises, in particular women and children, from any form of sexual exploitation and abuse, including those perpetrated by humanitarian personnel, welcomes the determination of the Secretary-General to fully implement the United Nations policy of zero tolerance for sexual exploitation and abuse, stresses that victims and survivors should be at the core of such efforts, notes the six core principles relating to sexual exploitation and abuse adopted by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee, and encourages Member States to make greater efforts to prevent and respond to sexual exploitation and abuse and to ensure that perpetrators are held accountable; 12. Stresses that, within the United Nations system, adequate resources should be assigned to UN-Women and other bodies, specialized agencies, funds and programmes responsible for the promotion of gender equality, the empowerment of women and the human rights of women and girls and to efforts throughout the United Nations system to prevent and eliminate violence against women and girls, including sexual harassment, calls upon the United Nations system to make the necessary support and resources available, and takes note with appreciation in this regard of the contribution of the Spotlight initiative; 13. Also stresses the importance of the Secretary-General’s Global Database on Violence against Women, expresses its appreciation to all those States that have provided the Database with information regarding, inter alia, their national policies and legal frameworks aimed at eliminating violence against women and girls and supporting victims of such violence, strongly encourages all States to regularly provide updated information for the Database, and calls upon all relevant entities of the United Nations system to continue to support States, at their request, in the A/RES/77/193 Intensification of efforts to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls: gender stereotypes and negative social norms 22-28890 14/14 compilation and regular updating of pertinent information and to raise awareness of the Database among all relevant stakeholders, including civil society; 14. Calls upon all United Nations bodies, entities, funds and programmes and the specialized agencies and invites the Bretton Woods institutions to intensify their efforts at all levels to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls and to better coordinate their work, with a view to increasing effective support for national efforts to prevent and eliminate sexual harassment; 15. Requests the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on violence against women and girls, its causes and consequences to submit an annual report to the General Assembly at its seventy-eighth and seventy-ninth sessions; 16. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session a report containing: (a) Information provided by the United Nations bodies, funds and programmes and the specialized agencies on their follow-up activities to implement resolution 75/161 and the present resolution, including on their assistance to States in their efforts to eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls; (b) Information provided by States on their follow-up activities to implement the present resolution; 17. Also requests the Secretary-General to present an oral report to the Commission on the Status of Women at its sixty-seventh and sixty-eighth sessions, including information provided by the United Nations bodies, funds and programmes and the specialized agencies on recent follow-up activities to implement resolutions 73/148 and 75/161 and the present resolution, and urges United Nations bodies, entities, funds and programmes and the specialized agencies to contribute promptly to that report; 18. Decides to continue its consideration of the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls at its seventy-ninth session under the item entitled “Advancement of women”.
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A/RES/77/229
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2022 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/77/463/Add.3, para. 29)] 77/229. Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine The General Assembly, Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1 international human rights treaties and other relevant international instruments and declarations, Recalling the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,2 the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 3 the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights4 and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples,5 Recalling also the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 6 and Additional Protocol I thereto, of 1977,7 as applicable, as well as relevant customary international law, Confirming the primary responsibility of States to respect, protect and fulfil human rights, Reaffirming the responsibility of States to respect international law, including the principle that all States shall refrain from the threat or use of force against the __________________ 1 Resolution 217 A (III). 2 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 660, No. 9464. 3 Ibid., vol. 1465, No. 24841. 4 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 5 Resolution 61/295, annex. 6 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, Nos. 970–973. 7 Ibid., vol. 1125, No. 17512. A/RES/77/229 Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine 22-28995 2/12 territorial integrity or political independence of any State and from acting in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations, recalling its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, in which it approved the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, and reaffirming the principles contained therein, Recalling its resolution 3314 (XXIX) of 14 December 1974, entitled “Definition of aggression”, in which it states that no territorial acquisition or special advantage resulting from aggression is or shall be recognized as lawful, Recalling also its resolution 68/262 of 27 March 2014 on the territorial integrity of Ukraine, in which it affirmed its commitment to the sovereignty, political independence, unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders and called upon all States, international organizations and specialized agencies not to recognize any alteration to the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol and to refrain from any action or dealing that might be interpreted as recognizing any such altered status, Recalling further its resolution ES-11/4 of 12 October 2022, entitled “Territorial integrity of Ukraine: defending the principles of the Charter of the United Nations”, Recalling its resolutions 71/205 of 19 December 2016, 72/190 of 19 December 2017, 73/263 of 22 December 2018, 74/168 of 18 December 2019, 75/192 of 16 December 2020 and 76/179 of 16 December 2021 on the situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, its resolutions 73/194 of 17 December 2018, 74/17 of 9 December 2019, 75/29 of 7 December 2020 and 76/70 of 9 December 2021 on the problem of the militarization of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, as well as parts of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, and relevant decisions of international organizations, specialized agencies and bodies within the United Nations system, Recalling also its resolutions ES-11/1 of 2 March 2022 on the aggression against Ukraine and ES-11/2 of 24 March 2022 on the humanitarian consequences of the aggression against Ukraine, and Human Rights Council resolutions 49/1 of 4 March 2022 on the situation of human rights in Ukraine stemming from the Russian aggression8 and S-34/1 of 12 May 2022 on the deteriorating human rights situation in Ukraine stemming from the Russian aggression,9 Gravely concerned that the provisions of these resolutions and relevant decisions of international organizations, specialized agencies and bodies within the United Nations system have not been implemented by the Russian Federation, Condemning the ongoing temporary occupation of part of the territory of Ukraine – the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol (hereinafter “Crimea”) – by the Russian Federation, and reaffirming the non-recognition of its annexation, Condemning also the unprovoked aggression against Ukraine by the Russian Federation in violation of Article 2 (4) of the Charter, and the use of Crimea for this aim and to support the attempted illegal annexation of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions, __________________ 8 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-seventh Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/77/53), chap. VI, sect. A. 9 Ibid., chap. VII. Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine A/RES/77/229 3/12 22-28995 Supporting the commitment by Ukraine to adhering to international law in its efforts to put an end to the temporary Russian occupation of Crimea, and welcoming the commitments by Ukraine to protecting the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all persons and its cooperation with human rights treaty bodies and international institutions, Recalling that organs and officials of the Russian Federation established in the temporarily occupied Crimea are illegitimate and should be referred to as “occupying authorities of the Russian Federation”, Concerned that applicable international human rights obligations and treaties, to which Ukraine is a party, are not upheld by the occupying Power in Crimea, thus significantly decreasing the ability of residents of Crimea to exercise their human rights and fundamental freedoms since its temporary occupation by the Russian Federation, Reaffirming the obligation of States to ensure that persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities may exercise fully and effectively all human rights and fundamental freedoms without any discrimination and in full equality before the law, Welcoming the reports of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the human rights situation in Ukraine, of the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe and of the mission of experts under the Moscow Mechanism of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, in which they stated that violations and abuses of human rights continued to take place in Ukrainian territory affected by aggression by the Russian Federation, Welcoming also the reports of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, submitted pursuant to resolutions 71/205 10 and 72/190, 11 and the reports of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to resolutions 73/263,12 74/168,13 75/19214 and 76/179,15 and the report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution 49/1, Condemning the imposition and retroactive application of the legal system of the Russian Federation, and its negative impact on the human rights situation in Crimea, the imposition by the Russian Federation of its automatic citizenship on protected persons in Crimea, which is contrary to international humanitarian law, including the Geneva Conventions and customary international law, and the deportation, regressive effects on the enjoyment of human rights and effective restriction of land ownership of those who have rejected that citizenship, Deeply concerned about continued reports that the law enforcement system of the Russian Federation conducts searches and raids of private homes, businesses and meeting places in Crimea, which disproportionally affect Crimean Tatars, and recalling that the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights prohibits arbitrary or unlawful interference with a person’s privacy, family, home or correspondence, Gravely concerned that, since 2014, torture has reportedly been used by the Russian authorities, and expressing deep concern about the ongoing reports of __________________ 10 See A/72/498. 11 See A/73/404. 12 A/74/276. 13 A/75/334 and A/HRC/44/21. 14 A/76/260 and A/HRC/47/58. 15 A/77/220 and A/HRC/50/65. A/RES/77/229 Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine 22-28995 4/12 arbitrary detentions, arrests and sentencing by the Russian Federation of Ukrainian citizens, in particular for statements and actions in opposition to the aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, including Emir-Usein Kuku, Halyna Dovhopola, Server Mustafayev, Vladyslav Yesypenko, Nariman Dzhelyal, Iryna Danilovych, Bohdan Ziza, Enver Krosh, Vilen Temeryanov and many others, Deeply concerned about the serious continued restrictions on the right to freedom of movement of persons who have previously been arbitrarily detained and served sentences on politically motivated criminal charges, Gravely concerned that the occupation continues to affect the enjoyment of social, cultural and economic rights by residents, including children, women, older persons, persons with disabilities and other persons in vulnerable and marginalized situations, Condemning the reported serious violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights committed against residents of Crimea, in particular extrajudicial killings, abductions, enforced disappearances, politically motivated prosecutions, discrimination, harassment, intimidation, violence, including sexual and gender-based violence, arbitrary detentions and arrests, torture and ill- treatment, in particular to extract confessions, subjecting detainees to special security regimes and involuntary placement in psychiatric institutions, as well as deplorable treatment and conditions in detention, and the forcible transfer or deportation of protected persons to the Russian Federation, as well as reported abuses of other fundamental freedoms, including the freedoms of expression, religion or belief and association and the right to peaceful assembly, Deeply concerned about restrictions faced by Ukrainians, including Indigenous Peoples of Crimea, in particular the Crimean Tatars, in exercising their economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to work, as well as the ability to maintain their identity and culture and to education in the Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages, Condemning the reported destructions of cultural and natural heritage, illegal archaeological excavations and transfer of cultural property, discrimination against persons belonging to religious minorities and repression of religious traditions, thereby diminishing Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar culture in the ethnocultural landscape of Crimea, Expressing concern about the militarization and assimilation of young people in Crimea by the Russian Federation, including combat training of Crimean children for military service in the Russian armed forces as well as the introduction of “military- patriotic” education system, and its blocking of the access of residents of Crimea to Ukrainian education, Condemning the incitement of hatred against Ukraine and Ukrainians as well as the dissemination of disinformation justifying the aggression against Ukraine by the Russian Federation, including through the education system, Gravely concerned by the above-mentioned policies and practices of the Russian Federation, which cause a continuing threat and have caused a large number of Crimean residents to flee from Crimea, Recalling that individual or mass forcible transfers, as well as deportations of protected persons from occupied territory to the territory of the occupying Power, or to that of any other country, occupied or not, and the deportation or transfer by an occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population into the territory that it occupies, are prohibited under international humanitarian law, regardless of their motive, Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine A/RES/77/229 5/12 22-28995 Deeply concerned by consistent reports that the Russian Federation promotes policies and conducts practices aimed at changing the demographic, including ethnic, structure in Crimea, and recalling in this respect that the occupying Power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own civilian population into the territory that it occupies, Concerned about the negative effects on the full and effective enjoyment of human rights by residents of Crimea resulting from disruptive activities of the occupying Power, including the expropriation of land, demolition of houses and depletion of natural and agricultural resources, which contribute to changing the economic and demographic structure of Crimea, Reaffirming the right of return of all internally displaced persons and refugees affected by the temporary occupation by the Russian Federation to their homes in Ukraine, Reaffirming its serious concern that, according to the decision of the so-called “Supreme Court of Crimea” of 26 April 2016 and the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 29 September 2016, the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, the self-governing body of the Indigenous People of Crimea – the Crimean Tatars, continues to be declared an extremist organization and the ban on its activities has still not been repealed, and that the persecution of the leaders of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People continues, Condemning the ongoing pressure exerted upon persons belonging to religious minorities and their communities, including through frequent police raids, demolition of and eviction from buildings dedicated to religion, undue registration requirements that have affected legal status and property rights and threats against and persecution of those belonging to the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Protestant churches, Muslim religious communities, Greek Catholics, Roman Catholics and Jehovah’s Witnesses, and condemning also the baseless prosecution of dozens of peaceful Muslims for allegedly belonging to extremist organizations, Gravely concerned about the constant use of military courts, including those located on the territory of the Russian Federation, to try civilian residents of Crimea and the failure of the occupying Power to respect fair trial standards, Condemning the continuous widespread misuse of counter-terrorism and anti-extremism laws to suppress dissent, including through enforcing new Russian legislation with the intent to dissuade the residents of Crimea from peaceful protests, in accordance with their rights to freedom of expression and political opinion, following and during the unprovoked aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, Strongly condemning, in this regard, the ongoing pressure and mass detentions on terrorism, extremism and espionage grounds and other forms of repression against journalists and other media workers, human rights defenders and civil rights activists, including against activists of the Crimean Solidarity civic initiative, which documents abuses on the peninsula and provides humanitarian assistance to the families of victims of politically motivated prosecutions, Recalling the order of the International Court of Justice of 19 April 2017 on provisional measures in the case concerning the Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Ukraine v. Russian Federation),16 __________________ 16 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 4 (A/72/4), chap. V, sect. A. A/RES/77/229 Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine 22-28995 6/12 Recalling also the order of the International Court of Justice of 16 March 2022 on provisional measures in the case concerning Allegations of Genocide under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Ukraine v. Russian Federation),17 Recalling further the prohibition under the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the occupying Power to compel protected persons to serve in its armed or auxiliary forces, including medical staff, and strongly condemning the ongoing forced conscription and mobilization to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in Crimea against the backdrop of the unprovoked aggression against Ukraine, Recalling that the safety of journalists, other media workers and a free press, or other media, are essential for the realization of the rights to freedom of expression and freedom to seek, receive and impart information and the enjoyment of other human rights and fundamental freedoms, concerned about reports that journalists, media workers and citizen journalists continue to face unjustified interference with their reporting activities in Crimea, and expressing deep concern that journalists, media workers and citizen journalists have been arbitrarily arrested, detained, prosecuted, harassed and intimidated as a direct result of their reporting activities, in particular for covering developments in Crimea as well as unprovoked Russian aggression against Ukraine, Condemning the blocking by the Russian Federation of Ukrainian websites and television channels and the seizure of Ukrainian transmission frequencies in Crimea, as well as the use of mass media controlled by the occupying Power to incite hatred against Ukrainians, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Crimean Tatars, Muslims, Jehovah’s Witnesses and activists and to call for atrocities against Ukrainians, Gravely concerned by the documented cases in which the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation allegedly tortured or ill-treated Crimean residents following their arrests, including by using beatings, electric shocks and suffocation against victims, Reiterating its concern regarding multiple exercises of Russian armed forces held in Crimea, using Crimea in the unprovoked aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the conduct of which entails considerable long-term negative environmental consequences in the region, impacting civilians’ enjoyment of their human rights, Welcoming the continued efforts of the Secretary-General, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Council of Europe, the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine and other international and regional organizations to support Ukraine in respecting, protecting and fulfilling human rights, and expressing concern over the lack of safe and unfettered access by established regional and international human rights monitoring mechanisms and human rights non-governmental organizations to Crimea, Welcoming also the decision of the Secretary-General to add Ukraine as a situation of concern in his annual report on children and armed conflict, with immediate effect, whereby grave violations against children committed in Ukraine will be monitored and reported to the Security Council, Commending the efforts of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict on the prevention of and response to conflict-related sexual violence in Ukraine, __________________ 17 Ibid., Seventy-seventh Session, Supplement No. 4 (A/77/4), chap. V. Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine A/RES/77/229 7/12 22-28995 Acknowledging the importance of the investigation conducted by the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, emphasizing the role played by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in contributing to an objective appraisal of the situation of human rights in Ukraine, and in this regard welcoming the investigation by the International Criminal Court, Strongly condemning the new unprecedented wave of arbitrary detentions in Crimea, the forcible transfers to and from Crimea, the continuing impunity in reported cases of enforced disappearances, as well as the so-called filtration procedures, in particular in relation to displaced persons, Gravely concerned that the temporary occupation of Crimea became a blueprint for a grave human rights crisis in other territories of Ukraine under temporary military control by the Russian Federation, Affirming that the seizure of Crimea and other territories of Ukraine by force is illegal and a violation of international law, and affirming also that control of all of Ukraine’s territory must be immediately restored to Ukraine, 1. Deplores the failure of the Russian Federation to comply with the repeated requests and demands of the General Assembly, as well as with the orders of the International Court of Justice of 19 April 2017 on provisional measures in the case concerning the Application of the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Ukraine v. Russian Federation), and of 16 March 2022 on provisional measures in the case concerning Allegations of Genocide under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Ukraine v. Russian Federation); 2. Strongly condemns the continuing and total disregard by the Russian Federation for its obligations under international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, regarding its legal responsibility for the occupied territory, including the responsibility to respect Ukrainian law and the rights of all civilians; 3. Deplores in the strongest terms the aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine in violation of Article 2 (4) of the Charter, and the use of Crimea for this aim and to support the attempted illegal annexation of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions; 4. Demands that the Russian Federation immediately cease its aggression against Ukraine and unconditionally withdraw all of its military forces from the territory of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders; 5. Condemns violations and abuses of human rights law and international humanitarian law perpetrated by the Russian occupying authorities and entailing discrimination against the residents of the temporarily occupied Crimea, including Crimean Tatars, as well as Ukrainians and persons belonging to other ethnic and religious groups; 6. Demands that the Russian Federation respect obligations under international law with regard to respecting the laws in force in Crimea prior to occupation; 7. Urges the Russian Federation: (a) To uphold all of its obligations under applicable international law; (b) To fully and immediately comply with the orders of the International Court of Justice of 19 April 2017 and of 16 March 2022; (c) To take all measures necessary to bring an immediate end to all violations and abuses of human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law A/RES/77/229 Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine 22-28995 8/12 against residents of the temporarily occupied Crimea, in particular reported discriminatory measures and practices, arbitrary detentions and arrests, violations and abuses within the framework of the filtration procedures, enforced disappearances, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, sexual and gender-based violence, including to compel apprehended persons to self-incriminate or “cooperate” with law enforcement, ensure fair trial, revoke all discriminatory legislation and hold accountable those responsible for those violations and abuses by ensuring the independent, impartial and effective investigation of all allegations; (d) To refrain from arresting or prosecuting Crimean residents for non-criminal acts committed or opinions expressed, including in social media comments or posts, and release all Crimean residents who have been arrested or imprisoned for such acts; (e) To respect the laws in force in Ukraine, repeal laws unlawfully imposed in Crimea by the Russian Federation that allow for forced evictions and the confiscation of private property, including land in Crimea, in violation of applicable international law, and respect the property rights of all former owners affected by previous confiscations; (f) To immediately release and allow the return to Ukraine, without preconditions, of Ukrainian citizens who were unlawfully detained, as well as those transferred or deported across internationally recognized borders from Crimea to the Russian Federation; (g) To disclose the number and identity of individuals deported from Crimea to the Russian Federation to serve criminal sentences and take immediate action to allow the voluntary return of such individuals to Crimea; (h) To end the practice of placing detainees in solitary confinement cells as a method of intimidation; (i) To monitor and accommodate the medical needs of all Ukrainian citizens unlawfully detained for the exercise of their human rights and fundamental freedoms, including political prisoners, in Crimea and the Russian Federation and allow the monitoring of those detainees’ state of health and conditions of detention by independent international monitors and physicians from reputable international health organizations, including the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and the International Committee of the Red Cross, and investigate effectively all deaths in detention; (j) To uphold the rights, in accordance with international law and until their release, of Ukrainian prisoners and detainees in Crimea and in the Russian Federation, including those on hunger strike, and encourages it to respect the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules)18 and the United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Non-custodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules); 19 (k) To address ongoing impunity and ensure that those found to be responsible for violations and abuses of human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law are held accountable before an independent judiciary; (l) To create and maintain a safe and enabling environment for journalists and media workers and citizen journalists, human rights defenders and defence lawyers to perform their work independently and without undue interference in Crimea, including by refraining from travel bans, deportations, arbitrary arrests, detention and prosecution, and other restrictions on the enjoyment of their rights; __________________ 18 Resolution 70/175, annex. 19 Resolution 65/229, annex. Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine A/RES/77/229 9/12 22-28995 (m) To respect, protect and fulfil freedom of opinion and expression, which includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers, enable a safe and enabling environment for independent media pluralism and ensure a safe and enabling environment for civil society organizations; (n) To respect freedom of opinion, association and peaceful assembly without any restrictions other than those permissible under international law, and freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief, without discrimination on any grounds, to lift discriminatory regulatory barriers prohibiting or limiting the activities of religious groups in Crimea, including but not limited to parishioners of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Muslim Crimean Tatars and Jehovah’s Witnesses, and to permit unimpeded access, without any undue restrictions, to places of worship as well as gatherings for prayer and other religious practices; (o) To restore enjoyment of the rights of all individuals, without any discrimination based on origin or religion or belief, revoke the decisions that banned cultural and religious institutions, non-governmental organizations, human rights organizations and media outlets and restore enjoyment of the rights of individuals belonging to ethnic communities in temporarily occupied Crimea, in particular ethnic Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars, including the right to freely participate in the cultural life of the community; (p) To respect, protect and fulfil the right to be free from arbitrary or unlawful interference with a person’s privacy, family, home or correspondence; (q) To ensure that the right to freedom of opinion and expression and the rights to peaceful assembly and freedom of association can be exercised by all Crimean residents in any form, including single-person pickets, without any restrictions other than those permissible under international law, including international human rights law, and without discrimination on any grounds, and to end the practices of abusing requirements of prior authorization for peaceful assemblies and issuing warnings or threats to potential participants in those assemblies; (r) To refrain from criminalizing the rights to hold opinions without interference and to freedom of expression and the right to peaceful assembly and quash all penalties imposed on Crimean residents for expressing dissenting views, including regarding the status of temporarily occupied Crimea and the unprovoked Russian aggression against Ukraine; (s) To ensure the availability of education in the Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar languages, and stop the blocking of access to Ukrainian education; (t) To respect the rights of the Indigenous Peoples of Ukraine set out in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, revoke immediately the decision declaring the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People an extremist organization and banning its activities, repeal the decision banning leaders of the Mejlis from entering Crimea, repeal the sentences, including in absentia, against Crimean Tatars and their leaders and immediately release those arbitrarily detained, including the leaders of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, and refrain from maintaining or imposing limitations on the ability of the Crimean Tatars to conserve their representative institutions; (u) To stop the illegal drafting and mobilization of Crimean residents into the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, stop pressure aimed at compelling Crimean residents to serve in the armed or auxiliary forces of the Russian Federation, as well as using propaganda, also targeted at children and through the education system, and ensure strict compliance with its international obligations as an occupying Power; A/RES/77/229 Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine 22-28995 10/12 (v) To end also the practice of criminal prosecution of inhabitants who resist conscription and mobilization into the armed or auxiliary forces of the Russian Federation; (w) To end the practice of deporting Ukrainian citizens from Crimea for not taking Russian citizenship, stop transferring its own civilian population to Crimea and end the practice of encouraging such transfers; (x) To immediately and unconditionally reverse the decision to simplify the procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship for Ukrainian orphans or children left without parental care; (y) To provide to the relevant United Nations bodies and international organizations full information on Ukraine’s children forcibly transferred or deported to the Russian Federation, including on those children who were subsequently adopted or transferred to foster families, in order to ensure that these children are provided with protection and care in accordance with international law; (z) To cease forcible transfers or deportation of Ukraine’s children to the Russian Federation and take all necessary steps with a view to their safe return and family reunification in line with the best interests of the child and in accordance with international law; (aa) To cooperate fully and immediately with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, which must have safe, secure and unhindered access to the entire territory of Ukraine, including the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, and the Council of Europe on the situation of human rights in Crimea; (bb) To create the conditions, as well as provide the means, to allow for the voluntary, safe, dignified and unhindered return to their homes of all internally displaced persons and refugees affected by the temporary occupation of Crimea by the Russian Federation; (cc) To stop the policy of forcibly changing the demographic, including ethnic, composition of the population and take the necessary measures aimed at limiting the free migration of citizens of the Russian Federation to Crimea; (dd) To ensure compliance with obligations under international law, including humanitarian law and the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict,20 regarding the preservation of monuments of the cultural heritage of Ukraine in Crimea, in particular regarding the Khan Palace in Bakhchysarai and the monument “The ancient city of Chersonese and its Chora”, to prevent and stop reported illegal archaeological excavations on the territory of the Crimean peninsula, and the illicit transfer of cultural property of Ukraine outside the territory of Ukraine; 8. Calls upon the Russian Federation to address the substantive concerns and all recommendations highlighted in the reports of the Secretary-General and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, as well as previous relevant recommendations from reports on the situation of human rights in Ukraine by the Office of the High Commissioner based on the work of the United Nations human rights monitoring mission in Ukraine established to prevent further deterioration of human rights in Crimea; __________________ 20 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 249, No. 3511. Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine A/RES/77/229 11/12 22-28995 9. Supports the efforts of Ukraine to maintain economic, financial, political, social, informational, cultural and other ties with its citizens in Crimea in order to facilitate their access to democratic processes, economic opportunities and objective information; 10. Calls upon all international organizations and specialized agencies of the United Nations system, when referring to Crimea in their official documents, communications, publications, information and reports, including with regard to statistical data of the Russian Federation or provided by the Russian Federation, as well as those placed or used on official United Nations Internet resources and platforms, to refer to “the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine, temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation”, and to refer to bodies of the Russian Federation and their representatives in Crimea as “occupying authorities of the Russian Federation”, and encourages all States and other international organizations to do the same; 11. Calls upon Member States to support human rights defenders in Crimea and across Ukraine and to continue advocacy for the respect of human rights, including by condemning the violations committed by the Russian Federation in the temporarily occupied Crimea at bilateral and multilateral forums; 12. Also calls upon Member States to engage constructively in concerted efforts, including within international frameworks and the International Crimea Platform, aimed at improving the human rights situation in the occupied peninsula, as well as to continue to use all diplomatic means to press and urge the Russian Federation to comply with its obligations under international human rights law and as an occupying Power under international humanitarian law and to grant unimpeded access to Crimea for established regional and international human rights monitoring mechanisms, in particular the human rights monitoring mission in Ukraine and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine; 13. Condemns all attempts by the Russian Federation to legitimize or normalize its attempted illegal annexation of Crimea and other territories of Ukraine, including the automatic imposition of citizenship of the Russian Federation, illegal election campaigns and voting, population census, forcible change of the demographic structure of the population and suppression of national identity; 14. Calls upon the international community to continue to support the work of the United Nations to uphold international human rights law and international humanitarian law in the temporarily occupied Crimea and other territories of Ukraine under temporary military control by the Russian Federation; 15. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to seek ways and means, including through consultations with the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and relevant regional organizations, to ensure safe and unfettered access to Crimea and other territories of Ukraine temporarily controlled by the Russian Federation by established regional and international human rights monitoring mechanisms, in particular the United Nations human rights monitoring mission in Ukraine and the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, to enable them to carry out their mandates; 16. Urges the Russian Federation to ensure the proper and unimpeded access of international human rights monitoring missions and human rights non-governmental organizations to the temporarily occupied Crimea and other territories of Ukraine temporarily controlled by the Russian Federation, including all places where persons may be deprived of their liberty, recognizing that the international presence and monitoring of compliance with international human rights law and international humanitarian law are of paramount importance in preventing further deterioration of the situation; A/RES/77/229 Situation of human rights in the temporarily occupied Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol, Ukraine 22-28995 12/12 17. Decides to include the item entitled “The situation in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine” in the agenda of the General Assembly until the violations committed as a result of foreign occupation and control of parts of the territory of Ukraine are duly dealt with and the territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognized borders is fully restored; 18. Requests the Secretary-General to remain actively seized of the matter and to take all steps necessary, including within the Secretariat, to ensure the full and effective coordination of all United Nations bodies with regard to the implementation of the present resolution; 19. Also requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide his good offices and pursue his discussions relating to the matter, involving all relevant stakeholders and including the concerns addressed in the present resolution; 20. Further requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-eighth session on the progress made in the implementation of all provisions of the present resolution, including options and recommendations to improve its implementation, and to submit for consideration an interim report to the Human Rights Council at its fifty-third session, to be followed by an interactive dialogue, in accordance with Council resolution 47/22 of 13 July 2021;21 21. Decides to continue its consideration of the matter at its seventy-eighth session under the item entitled “Promotion and protection of human rights”. 54th plenary meeting 15 December 2022 __________________ 21 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/76/53), chap. VII, sect. A.
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A/RES/77/230
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 15 December 2022 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/77/463/Add.3, para. 29)] 77/230. Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic The General Assembly, Guided by the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming the purposes and principles of the Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights1 and relevant international human rights treaties, including the International Covenants on Human Rights, 2 Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of the Syrian Arab Republic and to the principles of the Charter, and strongly demanding that the Syrian regime meet its responsibility to protect the Syrian population and to respect, protect and fulfil the human rights of all persons within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction, Recalling its resolutions 66/176 of 19 December 2011, 66/253 A of 16 February 2012, 66/253 B of 3 August 2012, 67/183 of 20 December 2012, 67/262 of 15 May 2013, 68/182 of 18 December 2013, 69/189 of 18 December 2014, 70/234 of 23 December 2015, 71/130 of 9 December 2016, 71/203 of 19 December 2016, 71/248 of 21 December 2016, 73/182 of 17 December 2018, 74/169 of 18 December 2019, 74/262 of 27 December 2019, 75/193 of 16 December 2020 and 76/228 of 24 December 2021, Human Rights Council resolutions S-16/1 of 29 April 2011,3 __________________ 1 Resolution 217 A (III). 2 Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 3 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/66/53), chap. I. A/RES/77/230 Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic 22-28996 2/17 S-17/1 of 23 August 2011,4 S-18/1 of 2 December 2011,5 19/1 of 1 March 2012,6 19/22 of 23 March 2012,7 S-19/1 of 1 June 2012,8 20/22 of 6 July 2012,9 21/26 of 28 September 2012,10 22/24 of 22 March 2013,11 23/1 of 29 May 2013,12 23/26 of 14 June 2013,13 24/22 of 27 September 2013,14 25/23 of 28 March 2014,15 26/23 of 27 June 2014,16 27/16 of 25 September 2014,17 28/20 of 27 March 2015,18 29/16 of 2 July 2015,19 30/10 of 1 October 2015,20 31/17 of 23 March 2016,21 32/25 of 1 July 2016,22 33/23 of 30 September 2016,23 S-25/1 of 21 October 2016,24 34/26 of 24 March 2017,25 35/26 of 23 June 2017,26 36/20 of 29 September 2017,27 39/15 of 28 September 2018,28 40/17 of 22 March 2019,29 41/23 of 12 July 2019,30 42/27 of 27 September 2019,31 43/28 of 22 June 2020,32 44/21 of 17 July 2020,33 45/21 of 6 October 2020,34 46/22 of 24 March 2021,35 47/18 of 13 July 2021,36 48/15 of 8 October 2021,37 49/27 of 1 April 2022,38 50/19 of 8 July 202239 and 51/26 of 7 October 2022,40 Security Council resolutions 1325 (2000) of 31 October 2000, 2042 (2012) of 14 April 2012, 2043 (2012) of 21 April 2012, 2118 (2013) of 27 September 2013, 2139 (2014) of 22 February 2014, 2165 (2014) of 14 July 2014, 2170 (2014) of 15 August 2014, 2178 (2014) of 24 September 2014, 2191 (2014) of 17 December 2014, 2209 (2015) of 6 March 2015, 2235 (2015) of 7 August 2015, 2242 (2015) of 13 October 2015, 2254 (2015) of 18 December 2015, 2258 (2015) of 22 December 2015, 2268 (2016) of 26 February 2016, 2286 (2016) of 3 May 2016, 2314 (2016) of 31 October 2016, 2319 (2016) of 17 November 2016, 2328 (2016) of 19 December __________________ 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid., Supplement No. 53B and corrigendum (A/66/53/Add.2 and A/66/53/Add.2/Corr.1), chap. II. 6 Ibid., Sixty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 53 and corrigendum (A/67/53 and A/67/53/Corr.1), chap. III, sect. A. 7 Ibid. 8 Ibid., chap. V. 9 Ibid., chap. IV, sect. A. 10 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/67/53/Add.1), chap. III. 11 Ibid., Sixty-eighth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/68/53), chap. IV, sect. A. 12 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A. 13 Ibid. 14 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/68/53/Add.1), chap. III. 15 Ibid., Sixty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/69/53), chap. IV, sect. A. 16 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A. 17 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A and corrigenda (A/69/53/Add.1, A/69/53/Add.1/Corr.1 and A/69/53/Add.1/Corr.2), chap. IV, sect. A. 18 Ibid., Seventieth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/70/53), chap. II. 19 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A. 20 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/70/53/Add.1), chap. II. 21 Ibid., Seventy-first Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/71/53), chap. II. 22 Ibid., chap. IV, sect. A. 23 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/71/53/Add.1 and A/71/53/Add.1/Corr.1), chap. II. 24 Ibid., Supplement No. 53B and corrigendum (A/71/53/Add.2 and A/71/53/Add.2/Corr.1), chap. II. 25 Ibid., Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/72/53), chap. II. 26 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A. 27 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/72/53/Add.1), chap. III. 28 Ibid., Seventy-third Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/73/53/Add.1), chap. III. 29 Ibid., Seventy-fourth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/74/53), chap. IV, sect. A. 30 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A. 31 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/74/53/Add.1), chap. III. 32 Ibid., Seventy-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/75/53), chap. IV, sect. A. 33 Ibid., chap. V, sect. A. 34 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/75/53/Add.1), chap. III. 35 Ibid., Seventy-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/76/53), chap. V, sect. A. 36 Ibid., chap. VII, sect. A. 37 Ibid. Supplement No. 53A (A/76/53/Add.1), chap. IV, sect. A. 38 Ibid., Seventy-seventh Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/77/53), chap. VI, sect. A. 39 Ibid., chap. VIII, sect. A. 40 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/77/53/Add.1), chap. III, sect. A. Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic A/RES/77/230 3/17 22-28996 2016, 2332 (2016) of 21 December 2016, 2336 (2016) of 31 December 2016, 2393 (2017) of 19 December 2017, 2401 (2018) of 24 February 2018, 2449 (2018) of 13 December 2018, 2504 (2020) of 10 January 2020, 2533 (2020) of 11 July 2020, 2585 (2021) of 9 July 2021 and 2642 (2022) of 12 July 2022, and the statements by the President of the Security Council of 3 August 2011,41 2 October 2013,42 17 August 201543 and 8 October 2019,44 Deploring the fact that March 2022 marked 11 years since the peaceful uprising and its brutal repression that led to the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, which has had and continues to have a devastating impact on civilians, including through grave violations and abuses of international human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law, Strongly condemning the grave human rights situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, the indiscriminate killing and deliberate targeting of civilians, including humanitarian workers, including those involving the continued indiscriminate use of heavy weapons and aerial bombardments, which has caused more than 500,000 fatalities, including the killing of more than 29,000 children, the continued widespread and systematic gross violations, as well as abuses, of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law, including by the starvation of civilians as a method of warfare and the use of chemical weapons, including sarin and chlorine gas, and sulfur mustard, which are prohibited under international law, and acts of violence by the Syrian regime that foment sectarian tensions within the Syrian population, Welcoming the work of the Investigation and Identification Team of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, noting its findings in its two reports to date, and anticipating the publication of its reports into further chemical weapons attacks, including those perpetrated in Mari‘ on 1 September 2015 and in Duma on 7 April 2018, Noting with grave concern that the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has identified 306,887 civilians by full name, together with an established date of death and location, who were killed in the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic between March 2011 and March 2022 and that, of those identified, 26,727 were women and 27,126 were children, recalling also that the list compiled by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights indicates a minimum verifiable number and is certainly an undercount of the actual number of killings, Recalling its demand that all parties, especially the Syrian regime, take all appropriate steps to protect civilians, including members of ethnic and religious communities, Reiterating that the only sustainable solution to the current crisis in the Syrian Arab Republic is through an inclusive and Syrian-led political process, under the auspices of the United Nations, that meets the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people in line with Security Council resolution 2254 (2015), with a view to establishing credible, inclusive and non-sectarian governance, with the full, equal and meaningful participation and leadership of all women and youth at all levels, __________________ 41 S/PRST/2011/16; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2011–31 July 2012 (S/INF/67). 42 S/PRST/2013/15; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2013–31 July 2014 (S/INF/69). 43 S/PRST/2015/15; see Resolutions and Decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2015–31 December 2016 (S/INF/71). 44 S/PRST/2019/12. A/RES/77/230 Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic 22-28996 4/17 welcoming the establishment of the Constitutional Committee, reaffirming in this regard the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and in peacebuilding, stressing the importance of their full, equal and meaningful participation and involvement in all efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security and their role in decision-making with regard to conflict prevention and resolution, and recognizing the work carried out by the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria to that end, Expressing concern that the implementation of Security Council resolutions 2254 (2015) and 2268 (2016) remains unresolved, Reiterating the urgent need to strengthen efforts to address the humanitarian situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, including through the protection of civilians and safe, full, immediate, unimpeded and sustained humanitarian access throughout the Syrian Arab Republic, including through the continuation of cross-border assistance, as recalled by the Security Council in its resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2286 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401 (2018), 2449 (2018), 2504 (2020), 2533 (2020), 2585 (2021) and 2642 (2022), Welcoming the efforts of the Special Envoy to advance United Nations efforts to achieve a sustainable political solution to the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic in line with Security Council resolution 2254 (2015), recalling the importance of advancing the work of the Constitutional Committee and achieving tangible results, and in that regard urging all parties to engage meaningfully in the work of the Constitutional Committee, particularly the Syrian regime, and underlining that a political solution to the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic requires full implementation of all aspects of resolution 2254 (2015), including the holding of free and fair elections, under the supervision of the United Nations, to the satisfaction of the governance and to the highest international standards of transparency and accountability, with all Syrians, including displaced persons, refugees and members of the diaspora, eligible to participate, as well as the establishment of a neutral and safe environment, noting that the 2021 presidential elections held in the Syrian Arab Republic were neither free, fair, nor consistent with the political process called for by the Council in its resolution 2254 (2015), Reconfirming its endorsement of the Geneva communiqué of 30 June 2012, 45 endorsing the joint statement on the outcome of the multilateral talks on Syria held in Vienna of 30 October 2015 and the statement of the International Syria Support Group of 14 November 2015 (the Vienna statements) in pursuit of the full implementation of the Geneva communiqué, facilitated by the Special Envoy, as the basis for a Syrian- led and Syrian-owned political transition in order to end the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, and stressing that the Syrian people will decide the future of the Syrian Arab Republic, Welcoming the call made by the Secretary-General for a global ceasefire and that of the Special Envoy for a complete, immediate and nationwide ceasefire throughout the Syrian Arab Republic, as endorsed by the Security Council in its resolutions 2532 (2020) of 1 July 2020 and 2565 (2021) of 26 February 2021, and reaffirming that Member States must ensure that any measures taken to counter terrorism comply with all their obligations under international law, in particular international human rights law, international refugee law and international humanitarian law, while continuing to support legitimate counter-terrorism operations against Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Da’esh), Al-Qaida and Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (formerly known as the Nusrah Front), and all other __________________ 45 Security Council resolution 2118 (2013), annex II. Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic A/RES/77/230 5/17 22-28996 individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida or ISIL, and other terrorist groups, which have been designated by the Security Council, Urging all parties, particularly the Syrian regime, to engage meaningfully in the political process under the auspices of the Special Envoy and his office in Geneva, in line with Security Council resolution 2254 (2015), and including the full, equal and meaningful participation and representation of women, and by girls as appropriate, in all efforts and decisions, expressing concern for the delays in the Syrian-led and Syrian-owned Constitutional Committee convened and facilitated by the Special Envoy in Geneva, and strongly urging the regime to engage in the United Nations- facilitated Constitutional Committee in line with the agreed terms of reference and rules of procedure, Reaffirming the importance of the full implementation of the women, peace and security agenda of the Security Council, pursuant to Security Council resolution 1325 (2000), and its nine subsequent resolutions, in this regard, and welcoming the inclusion of civil society in the political process, in particular through the Civil Society Support Room and Syrian Women’s Advisory Board, Recognizing that women and girls have been disproportionately affected by conflict and continue to be among the worst affected and on multiple grounds, including women becoming the main or sole breadwinners for their families, a situation that may be exacerbated by the disappearance of their loved ones, while facing increased caregiving responsibilities and alarming levels of violence, Noting with deep concern the culture of impunity from within the Syrian regime for the most serious violations of international law and violations and abuses of human rights law committed during the present conflict, some of which rise to the level of war crimes and crimes against humanity, which has provided a fertile ground for further violations and abuses, Emphasizing the importance of accountability for the most serious crimes in violation of international law committed during the conflict for ensuring sustainable peace, Recalling all relevant resolutions on the safety and security of humanitarian personnel and the protection of United Nations personnel, including its resolution 73/137 of 14 December 2018, as well as Security Council resolutions on the protection of humanitarian personnel, including resolutions 2175 (2014) of 29 August 2014 and 2286 (2016) of 3 May 2016, the relevant statements by the President of the Security Council referring to the specific obligations under international humanitarian law to respect and protect, in situations of armed conflict, all medical personnel and humanitarian workers exclusively engaged in medical duties, their means of transport, equipment, hospitals and other medical facilities, and to ensure that the wounded and sick receive, to the fullest extent practicable and with the least possible delay, the medical care and attention required, and condemning attacks against hospitals and places where the sick and wounded are collected, including makeshift hospitals, as well as attacks against medical personnel and humanitarian workers that are in violation of international humanitarian law, Expressing grave concern at the continued indiscriminate use of force by the Syrian regime against civilians, which continues to cause immense human suffering and fomented the spread of violent extremism and violent extremist groups and which demonstrates the continuing failure of the Syrian regime to protect the population and implement the relevant resolutions and decisions of United Nations bodies and has created a safe haven and operating environment for perpetrators of war crimes and crimes against humanity, A/RES/77/230 Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic 22-28996 6/17 Expressing grave concern also at the remaining presence of violent extremism and violent extremist groups, terrorists and terrorist groups, and strongly condemning all violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law committed in the Syrian Arab Republic by any party to the conflict, in particular ISIL (also known as Da’esh), Al-Qaida-affiliated terrorist groups, armed groups and non-State actors, and also the Syrian regime and its allies, Expressing support for the work carried out by the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, welcoming its reports, strongly condemning the continued lack of cooperation by the Syrian regime with the Commission of Inquiry, reiterating its decision to transmit the reports of the Commission of Inquiry to the Security Council, expressing its appreciation to the Commission of Inquiry for its briefings to members of the Security Council, and requesting that the Commission of Inquiry continue to brief the General Assembly and members of the Security Council, Condemning in the strongest possible terms the fact that chemical weapons have been used repeatedly in the Syrian Arab Republic, including the instances independently attributed by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons-United Nations Joint Investigative Mechanism and the Investigation and Identification Team of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, noting that the Joint Investigative Mechanism concluded that the Syrian Arab Armed Forces had been responsible for attacks that released toxic substances in 2014 and 2015 and that ISIL (also known as Da’esh) had used sulfur mustard in 2015 and 2016, and further concluded in October 2017 that the Syrian Arab Air Force had been responsible for the use of chemical weapons on 4 April 2017 in Khan Shaykhun, and noting also that the Investigation and Identification Team concluded in April 2020 that there were reasonable grounds to believe that the Syrian Air Force had carried out three chemical weapons attacks in Ltamenah in March 2017 and further concluded in April 2021 that there were reasonable grounds to believe the Syrian Air Force had carried out a chemical weapons attack in Saraqib in February 2018, Welcoming the reports for 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 of the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to Assist in the Investigation and Prosecution of Persons Responsible for the Most Serious Crimes under International Law Committed in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011 46 and their consideration by the General Assembly, noting with serious concern the observation of the Commission of Inquiry that, since March 2011, there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Syrian regime has conducted widespread and systemic attacks against the civilian population amounting to war crimes and crimes against humanity, including targeted attacks on protected persons and objects, including medical facilities, and personnel and transport and blocked humanitarian convoys, as well as enforced disappearances, torture in detention, arbitrary detentions, summary executions and other violations and abuses, and underscoring the need for those allegations to be examined and evidence to be collected and made available for future accountability efforts, Noting with serious concern the findings of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic that non-State armed groups still resort to the use of force against civilians, Expressing grave concern about all persons missing as a result of the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, including those subject to abductions, enforced disappearance and arbitrary detention, first and foremost by the Syrian regime, noting __________________ 46 A/73/295, A/73/741, A/74/313, A/74/699, A/75/311, A/75/743 and A/76/690. Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic A/RES/77/230 7/17 22-28996 the comments of the Commission of Inquiry and the Special Envoy of the Secretary- General for Syria that at least 100,000 people are estimated to be missing in the Syrian Arab Republic, recalling Human Rights Council resolutions 45/3 of 6 October 2020,47 48/15 and 51/26 and Security Council resolutions 2254 (2015), 2139 (2014) and 2191 (2014) in this regard, and encouraging all parties to enhance engagement with the Office of the Special Envoy on the issue of arbitrary detention, as action to address enforced disappearance and arbitrary detention is intrinsically linked to protecting the rights of all Syrians and a lasting political settlement in the Syrian Arab Republic, Strongly condemning the reported killing of detainees in Syrian military intelligence facilities and the widespread practice of enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and the use of sexual and gender-based violence and torture in detention centres referred to in the reports of the Commission of Inquiry, Noting that, consistent with Security Council resolution 2474 (2019) of 11 June 2019, States bear the primary responsibility to respect and ensure the human rights of all individuals within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction, and that parties to armed conflict bear the primary responsibility to take all feasible measures to account for persons reported missing as a result of hostilities and to put in place appropriate channels enabling response and communication with families on the search process, and noting also that, in the same resolution, the Council called upon parties to armed conflict to take steps to prevent persons from going missing as a result of armed conflict, Urging the Syrian regime to provide families with the remains of their relatives whose fate has been disclosed, including those who have been summarily executed, to take all appropriate measures immediately to protect the lives and rights of all persons currently detained or unaccounted for, and to clarify the fate of those who remain missing or are still in custody, in accordance with Security Council resolution 2474 (2019), many of whom still remain in detention and are highly vulnerable to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) owing to overcrowded conditions and pre-existing health issues, such as widespread malnutrition and tuberculosis, despite calls from the Secretary-General, the Special Envoy and the international community for the large-scale release of detainees in the Syrian Arab Republic to mitigate the spread of the virus, Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General on missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic,48 and underscoring the report’s finding that any measure towards addressing the continuing tragedy of missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic requires a coherent and holistic approach going beyond current efforts, which must be inclusive and centred on victims, Recalling the statements made by the Secretary-General, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the special procedures of the Human Rights Council that crimes against humanity and war crimes are likely to have been committed in the Syrian Arab Republic, noting the repeated encouragement by the High Commissioner for the Security Council to refer the situation to the International Criminal Court, and regretting that a draft resolution 49 was not adopted, notwithstanding broad support from Member States, Recalling also the report of 6 April 2020 of the United Nations Board of Inquiry50 into strikes that damaged and destroyed health-care facilities in the north- __________________ 47 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/75/53/Add.1), chap. III. 48 A/76/890. 49 S/2014/348. 50 See S/2020/278, annex. A/RES/77/230 Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic 22-28996 8/17 west of the Syrian Arab Republic, including sites whose coordinates had been recorded on the United Nations deconfliction list as a step to ensure that they would not be targeted or impacted by violence, and which in most instances examined, concluded that it was “highly probable that the strikes had been carried out by the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic and/or its allies” and found that health-care services were being provided at the time of some of the strikes and that there were no armed opposition groups in or near the facilities, and calling upon all parties to adhere to and comply with the deconfliction mechanism, Recalling further the report of March 2021 of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry51 reporting regime and pro-regime forces’ indiscriminate bombardment of civilian populated areas and deliberate targeting of hospitals and medical facilities, and areas with large civilian concentrations, including markets, schools and neighbourhoods, and concluding that government forces had committed war crimes and crimes against humanity in the conduct of their use of air strikes and artillery shelling of civilian areas, Emphasizing that the humanitarian cross-border mechanism remains an essential and life-saving channel to address the humanitarian needs of a significant portion of the population of the Syrian Arab Republic, which cannot be reached through existing operations within the Syrian Arab Republic, and emphasizing the importance of cross-line operations and that an immediate and significant improvement in cross-line access to all parts of the Syrian Arab Republic and respect for principled humanitarian action are essential to prevent further unnecessary suffering and loss of life, Recalling its commitment to Security Council resolutions 2170 (2014), 2178 (2014) and 2253 (2015) of 17 December 2015, Alarmed that more than 5.6 million refugees, including more than 3.8 million women and children, have been forced to flee the Syrian Arab Republic and that 11.1 million people in the Syrian Arab Republic, of whom 6.6 million are internally displaced, require urgent humanitarian assistance, which has resulted in an influx of Syrian refugees into neighbouring countries, other countries in the region and beyond, and alarmed also at the risk the situation presents to regional and international stability, Calling for the immediate repeal of Law No. 10/2018, concerned about the Syrian regime’s infringement on the housing, land and property of Syrians, particularly through the dispossession of displaced Syrians’ land and property in the national legislation and similar measures, which would have a significant detrimental impact on the rights of Syrians displaced by the conflict to claim their property and to return to their homes in a safe, voluntary and dignified manner when the situation on the ground allows it, and expressing concern about reports of armed groups’ abuses of Syrians’ housing, land and property rights in areas under their control, Expressing its profound indignation at the death of more than 29,000 children and the many more injured since the beginning of the peaceful protests in March 2011, and at all violations and abuses committed against children, in particular by the Syrian regime, in contravention of applicable international law, including those involving their recruitment and use, abduction, killing and maiming and rape and other forms of sexual and gender-based violence, attacks on schools and hospitals, and denial of humanitarian access, as well as their arbitrary arrest, detention, torture and ill- treatment and their use as human shields, and noting in this regard the adoption on 18 July 2019 of the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict __________________ 51 A/HRC/46/55. Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic A/RES/77/230 9/17 22-28996 conclusions on children and armed conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic 52 as well as the report of 13 January 2020 of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry entitled “They have erased the dreams of my children: children’s rights in the Syrian Arab Republic”, and emphasizing that the Syrian regime and its allies must comply with their applicable international law obligations that are relevant to children, including under the Convention on the Rights of the Child 53 and the Optional Protocols thereto,54 Noting with concern that the Hawl camp currently hosts over 58,000 people, 93 per cent of whom are women and children, including some 35,000 children under 12 years of age who live under extremely challenging conditions, Welcoming Security Council resolution 2475 (2019) of 20 June 2019 on the situation of persons with disabilities in armed conflict, expressing serious concern regarding the disproportionate impact that armed conflict has on persons with disabilities, including abandonment, violence and lack of access to basic services, stressing the protection and assistance needs of all affected civilian populations, and emphasizing the need to consider the particular needs of persons with disabilities in humanitarian response in the Syrian conflict, Expressing its deep appreciation for the significant efforts that have been made by neighbouring countries and other countries in the region to accommodate Syrians, while acknowledging the increasing financial, socioeconomic and political impact of the presence of large-scale refugee and displaced populations in those countries, Welcoming the efforts of the United Nations and the League of Arab States and all diplomatic efforts to achieve a political solution to the Syrian crisis based on the final communiqué of the Action Group for Syria of 30 June 2012 and consistent with Security Council resolution 2254 (2015), 1. Strongly condemns the systematic, widespread and gross violations and abuses of international human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law committed in the Syrian Arab Republic and the indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks against the civilian population and against civilian infrastructure, in particular attacks on medical facilities and schools, which continue to claim civilian lives, and demands that all parties comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law; 2. Deplores and condemns in the strongest terms the continued armed violence by the Syrian regime against the Syrian people since the beginning of the peaceful protests in 2011, and demands that the Syrian regime immediately put an end to all attacks against civilians, take all feasible precautions to avoid, and in any event to minimize, incidental loss of civilian life, injury to civilians and damage to civilian objects and meet its responsibilities to protect the Syrian population and immediately implement Security Council resolutions 2254 (2015), 2258 (2015) and 2286 (2016); 3. Urges all Member States to create conditions for continued negotiations for a political solution to the Syrian conflict, under the auspices of the United Nations, and to this end recalls the importance of advancing the work of the Constitutional Committee, within the context of the United Nations-facilitated Geneva process, and achieving tangible results, and in that regard urging all parties to engage meaningfully in the work of the Constitutional Committee, as well as by working towards the nationwide ceasefire, to enable safe, full, immediate, unimpeded and sustained __________________ 52 S/AC.51/2019/1. 53 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1577, No. 27531. 54 Ibid., vols. 2171, 2173 and 2983, No. 27531. A/RES/77/230 Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic 22-28996 10/17 humanitarian access and to lead to the release of those arbitrarily detained and ensure the assessment of the number of people who remain in prisons, consistent with Security Council resolution 2254 (2015), as only a durable and inclusive political solution to the conflict can bring an end to the systematic, widespread and gross violations and abuses of international human rights law and violations of international humanitarian law; 4. Strongly condemns the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic, demands that all parties desist from any use or preparation of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic, expresses its strong conviction that those responsible for the use of chemical weapons must be held accountable, and recalls in this regard decision C-25/DEC.9 of 21 April 2021 of the Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction; 5. Welcomes the establishment and operationalization of the Investigation and Identification Team of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, which is authorized to identify the perpetrators of the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic, thereby making an important contribution towards the ultimate goal of holding such perpetrators to account; 6. Demands that the Syrian regime adhere fully to its international obligations, including the requirement that it declare in full its chemical weapons programme, with special emphasis on the need for the Syrian Arab Republic to urgently resolve the verified gaps, inconsistencies and discrepancies pertaining to its declaration in respect of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction and to eliminate its chemical weapons programme in its entirety;55 7. Requests that the Executive Council of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons consider additional procedures for stringent verification pursuant to article IV, paragraph 8, and article V, paragraph 10, of the Convention, in order to ensure the complete destruction of the Syrian chemical weapons programme and prevent any further use of chemical weapons; 8. Deplores and condemns in the strongest terms the continued widespread and systematic gross violations and abuses of human rights and fundamental freedoms and all violations of international humanitarian law by the Syrian regime, the government-affiliated militias and those who fight on their behalf, including those deliberately targeting civilians or civilian objects, attacks on schools, hospitals, civilian water stations and places of worship, indiscriminate attacks with heavy weapons, aerial bombardments, cluster munitions, ballistic missiles, barrel bombs, chemical or other weapons and other force targeting civilians, as well as the starvation of the civilian population as a method of warfare, massacres, arbitrary executions, extrajudicial killings, the killing of peaceful protesters, human rights defenders and journalists, individuals and members of communities on the basis of their religion or belief, arbitrary detention, enforced disappearances, forced displacement of members of minority groups and of those opposed to the Syrian regime, unlawful interference with access to medical treatment, failure to respect and protect medical personnel, torture, systematic sexual and gender-based violence, including rape in detention, and ill-treatment, other violations and abuses of human rights, including those of women and children, and violations of international humanitarian law; 9. Condemns unequivocally all attacks and violence against journalists and media workers by the Syrian regime, the government-affiliated militias and non-State armed groups, urges all parties to respect the professional independence and rights of __________________ 55 Security Council resolution 2118 (2013), annex I. Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic A/RES/77/230 11/17 22-28996 journalists, and recalls in this regard that journalists and media workers engaged in dangerous professional missions in areas of armed conflict shall be considered civilians and shall be protected as such, provided that they take no action adversely affecting their status as civilians; 10. Strongly condemns all violations and abuses of human rights and all violations of international humanitarian law, including the killing and persecution of individuals and members of communities on the basis of their religion or belief, by armed non-State actors, as well as any human rights abuses or violations of international humanitarian law by non-State armed groups, including Hizbullah and those designated as terrorist groups by the Security Council; 11. Deplores and strongly condemns the terrorist acts and violence committed against civilians by ISIL (also known as Da’esh), Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (formerly known as the Nusrah Front), Al-Qaida-affiliated terrorist groups, terrorist groups, such as Hurras al-Din, designated by the Security Council and other violent extremist groups and their continued gross, systematic and widespread abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law, and reaffirms that terrorism cannot and should not be associated with any religion, gender, ethnicity, nationality or civilization; 12. Condemns in the strongest terms the gross and systematic abuse of women’s and children’s rights by terrorist groups and armed groups, including so-called ISIL (also known as Da’esh), in particular those involving the killing of women and girls, sexual and gender-based violence, including the enslavement and sexual exploitation and abuse of women and girls and the recruitment, use and abduction of children; 13. Condemns the reported forced displacements of the population in the Syrian Arab Republic, including forced displacement of civilians as a result of local truce agreements, as highlighted by the Commission of Inquiry, and the alarming impact thereof on the demography of the country, which amounts to a strategy of radical demographic change initiated by the Syrian regime, its allies and other non-State actors, calls upon all parties concerned to cease immediately all activities related to these actions, including any activities that may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity, notes that impunity for such crimes is unacceptable, reaffirms that those responsible for such breaches of international law must be brought to justice, and supports efforts to collect evidence in view of future legal action; 14. Emphasizes the importance of creating conditions conducive to voluntary, safe, dignified and informed movements of internally displaced persons within the Syrian Arab Republic, and strongly urges all parties to work with the United Nations to ensure that any such movements are in line with the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement,56 and that displaced persons receive the information they need to make informed and voluntary decisions about their movement and safety; 15. Condemns the reported forced displacement of populations in the Syrian Arab Republic, expresses deep concern at reports of social and demographic engineering in areas throughout the country, and calls upon all parties concerned to cease immediately all activities that cause these actions, including any activities that may amount to war crimes or crimes against humanity; 16. Reminds the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic of its obligations under the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,57 including its obligation to take effective measures to __________________ 56 E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex. 57 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1465, No. 24841. A/RES/77/230 Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic 22-28996 12/17 prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction, and calls upon all States parties to the Convention to comply with any relevant obligations under the Convention, including with respect to the obligation to extradite or prosecute contained in article 7 of the Convention; 17. Deplores the continued closure of the Bab al-Salam and Ya‘rubiyah border crossings for the purpose of cross-border humanitarian aid, expresses its concern regarding the limited renewal of the cross-border resolution for only six months, which is considered unsustainable and insufficient, considering growing humanitarian needs as winter approaches, noting that needs have increased to the highest levels since 2011, with more than 14.6 million Syrians in need, according to the United Nations, and urges the Security Council to renew the cross-border mechanism by January 2023 and to reauthorize the use of these border crossings for at least 12 months, emphasizes that more than 6.9 million people live in areas not under the control of the Syrian regime and 5.3 million require humanitarian assistance in the north-east and north-west, and considers with great concern the serious threats posed by the recent outbreak of cholera, which disproportionately affects those who are already most vulnerable, and that the cross-border mechanism remains an indispensable tool to address the humanitarian needs of the population, including to deliver vaccines and supplies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, which cannot be adequately reached through existing operations within the Syrian Arab Republic; 18. Demands that the Syrian regime and all other parties to the conflict not hinder safe, full, timely, immediate, unrestricted and sustained humanitarian access, and calls for the continuation of cross-border humanitarian support beyond January 2023 and for at least 12 months; 19. Strongly condemns the persistent and widespread use of sexual and gender- based violence, abuse and exploitation, such as in government detention centres, including those run by the intelligence agencies, reaffirms that acts of sexual and gender-based violence, when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, can constitute crimes against humanity, and that acts of sexual and gender-based violence in situations of armed conflict can constitute war crimes, reaffirms the need to end impunity through the prosecution of perpetrators of sexual and gender-based crimes under national and international law, stresses the need for the perpetrators of these crimes to be held accountable by national justice systems or, where applicable, international courts and tribunals, notes that such acts may constitute violations of international humanitarian law, violations of international human rights law and abuses of human rights, in this regard expresses deep concern at the prevailing climate of impunity for sexual and gender-based violence, urges all parties to the conflict, especially the Syrian regime, to immediately cease the perpetration of sexual and gender-based violence, and urges the Syrian regime to ensure that victims and survivors of sexual and gender-based violence have access to holistic support and are able to seek reparations and redress; 20. Also strongly condemns all violations and abuses committed against children in contravention of applicable international law, including those involving their recruitment and use, killing and maiming, rape and all other forms of sexual and gender-based violence, child, early and forced marriage, abductions, denial of humanitarian access and education for children, and attacks on civilian objects, including schools and hospitals, as well as their arbitrary arrest, unlawful detention, torture and ill-treatment and their use as human shields; 21. Urges the Syrian regime to comply with its obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child; 22. Reaffirms the Syrian regime’s responsibility for the systematic use of enforced disappearances, takes note of the assessment of the Commission of Inquiry Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic A/RES/77/230 13/17 22-28996 that the Syrian regime’s use of enforced disappearances amounts to a crime against humanity, and condemns the targeted disappearances of young men and boys and the exploitation of ceasefires as an opportunity to forcibly recruit and arbitrarily detain them; 23. Expresses deep concern that, according to the recent findings of the Commission of Inquiry, the Syrian regime forces continue to deliberately conceal the fate and whereabouts of forcibly disappeared persons, intentionally prolonging the suffering of hundreds of thousands of family members of the forcibly disappeared, and strongly calls upon the Syrian regime to provide information on detained, missing or forcibly disappeared persons to their families; 24. Encourages all parties to the conflict to enhance their engagement with the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Syria to hasten the release of all arbitrarily detained persons by the Syrian regime and to make progress on the issue of missing persons; 25. Strongly condemns all attacks on the wounded and sick and on medical, health and humanitarian personnel, facilities and means of transport and equipment, as well as indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks on civilians, civilian objects, schools and water stations, taking place in the Syrian Arab Republic, which may constitute war crimes, as well as the intentional denial of humanitarian assistance to civilians, and demands that the Syrian regime meet its responsibility to protect the Syrian population in accordance with its obligations under relevant provisions of international human rights law and international humanitarian law; 26. Also strongly condemns the targeting of humanitarian workers and persons engaged in medical duties, their means of transport and equipment and hospitals and other medical facilities, which may constitute war crimes, including the attack against the deconflicted Atarib cave hospital on 21 March 2021 and the terrorist attack against Al-Shifa’ hospital on 12 June 2021; 27. Demands that the Syrian regime cooperate fully with the Commission of Inquiry, including by granting it immediate, full, safe, unhindered and sustained access throughout the Syrian Arab Republic; 28. Strongly condemns the intervention in the Syrian Arab Republic of all foreign terrorist fighters and those foreign organizations and foreign forces fighting on behalf of the Syrian regime, expresses deep concern that their involvement further exacerbates the deteriorating situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, including the human rights and humanitarian situation, which has a serious negative impact on the region, and further demands that all foreign terrorist fighters, and those who are fighting in support of the Syrian regime, including all militias sponsored by foreign Governments, must immediately withdraw from the Syrian Arab Republic; 29. Demands that all parties immediately put an end to all violations of international human rights law, abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian law and take all appropriate steps to protect and cease any attacks on civilians and civilian objects; 30. Emphasizes the need for accountability for crimes involving breaches of international law, in particular of international humanitarian law and human rights law, some of which may constitute war crimes or crimes against humanity, committed in the Syrian Arab Republic since March 2011, through fair and independent investigations and prosecutions at the domestic or international level; 31. Requests the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to submit an annual report to the General Assembly, starting at its seventy-fifth session, on the implementation of its mandate while preserving the confidential nature of its A/RES/77/230 Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic 22-28996 14/17 substantive work, in time for the annual presentation of the report by the Head of the Mechanism in April at a plenary meeting of the Assembly under the agenda item entitled “Prevention of armed conflict”; 32. Welcomes efforts by the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism to assist in the search for missing persons in the Syrian context, as stated in the Mechanism’s reports to the General Assembly, and further encourages the Mechanism to identify additional ways and means to contribute to this end; 33. Also welcomes the victim/survivor-centred approach practised by the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism, and commends its model of engagement with victim and survivor groups, as well as civil society in general, through bilateral cooperation and regular consultations; 34. Further welcomes the full funding for the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism and continued support to the Mechanism through the programme budget to ensure the effective discharge of its mandate; 35. Emphasizes the need to ensure that all those responsible for violations of international humanitarian law or violations and abuses of human rights law are held to account through appropriate, fair and independent domestic or international criminal justice mechanisms, stresses the need to pursue practical steps towards this goal, and for that reason encourages the Security Council to take appropriate action to ensure accountability, noting the important role that the International Criminal Court can play in this regard in accordance with complementarity; 36. Welcomes the efforts by States to investigate conduct in the Syrian Arab Republic and to prosecute crimes within their jurisdiction committed in the Syrian Arab Republic, encourages them to continue to do so and to share relevant information between States in accordance with their national legislation and international law, and also encourages other States to consider doing the same; 37. Urgently requests the Commission of Inquiry to present its latest reporting to the General Assembly during an interactive dialogue at its seventy-eighth session on the situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic, and encourages United Nations monitoring and reporting to further document violations of international humanitarian law and violations and abuses of human rights, including those that may amount to crimes against humanity and war crimes, to provide recommendations to facilitate improvements in civilian protection and accountability measures, and to feature witness testimony of Syrian human rights defenders, survivors of torture and sexual and gender-based violence, former detainees, and other Syrian voices through appropriate and safe means, and where informed consent has been provided; 38. Deplores the deteriorating humanitarian situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, and urges the international community to assume its responsibility for providing urgent financial support to enable the host countries and communities to respond to the growing humanitarian needs of Syrian refugees, while emphasizing the importance of burden-sharing; 39. Calls upon all members of the international community, including all donors, to fulfil their previous pledges and continue to provide much-needed support to the United Nations, its specialized agencies and other humanitarian actors to provide humanitarian and medical assistance to the millions of Syrians who are in need, including those displaced both internally and in host countries and communities; 40. Welcomes the efforts of those countries outside the region that have put in place measures and policies to assist and host Syrian refugees, encourages them to do more, also encourages other States outside the region to consider implementing similar measures and policies, with a view to providing Syrian refugees with protection and Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic A/RES/77/230 15/17 22-28996 humanitarian assistance, acknowledges the need to improve the conditions on the ground to facilitate the return of refugees in a safe, voluntary, informed and dignified manner to their place of origin or another location of their choice, and takes note of the recent finding of the Commission of Inquiry that the Syrian Arab Republic does not yet offer a safe and stable environment for the sustainable and dignified return of refugees or for the 6.7 million displaced persons inside the country; 41. Demands that the Syrian regime and all other parties to the conflict ensure the full, immediate, unimpeded and sustained safe and unhindered access of the United Nations and humanitarian actors, including to besieged and hard-to-reach areas such as Rukban, that the Syrian regime cease to impede the ability of the United Nations and humanitarian actors to move through the north-east of the Syrian Arab Republic and beyond, especially in the light of the restricted humanitarian space and worsened humanitarian situation following the failure to reauthorize the Ya‘rubiyah border crossing in Security Council resolutions 2504 (2020), 2533 (2020), 2585 (2021) and 2642 (2022) and that all parties preserve the Fish Khabur border crossing and other crossing points along the Turkish borders with the Syrian Arab Republic, and allow sustained deliveries of humanitarian assistance to persons in need across the Syrian Arab Republic, including through commercial routes, consistent with Security Council resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2254 (2015), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401 (2018), 2449 (2018), 2504 (2020), 2533 (2020), 2585 (2021) and 2642 (2022); 42. Strongly condemns the reported killing of detainees in Syrian military intelligence facilities, and calls upon the Syrian regime to release all unlawfully held detainees, including women, children and the elderly, and to facilitate information about those still in detention as well as those who died while in detention by the Syrian regime, returning their remains, with full transparency regarding what happened to these individuals, and urges the regime to immediately reverse its abhorrent use of mass detentions and torture as means of silencing and repressing political opposition, journalists and other media workers and of depriving Syrian citizens of their rights to freedom of expression; 43. Calls for the appropriate international monitoring bodies to be granted access to detainees in all prisons and detention centres, including all military facilities referred to in the reports of the Commission of Inquiry; 44. Demands that all parties take all appropriate steps to protect civilians and persons hors de combat, including persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, and stresses that, in this regard, the primary responsibility to protect the population lies with the Syrian regime; 45. Strongly condemns the damage and destruction of the cultural heritage of the Syrian Arab Republic, in particular that of Palmyra and Aleppo, and the organized looting and trafficking of Syrian cultural property, as outlined by the Security Council in its resolutions 2199 (2015) of 12 February 2015 and 2347 (2017) of 24 March 2017, affirms that attacks intentionally directed against historic monuments may amount to war crimes, and underlines the need to bring the perpetrators of such crimes to justice; 46. Deplores the military offensive that began in Idlib Province and surrounding areas in December 2019 and caused large-scale injuries, deaths, displacement and suffering in the civilian population and devastating damage to civilian infrastructure, recalls the findings of the United Nations Board of Inquiry established by the Secretary-General in this regard, notes with grave concern the recent findings of the Commission of Inquiry that there are reasonable grounds to believe that war crimes and crimes against humanity were committed during the said offensive, also notes the Commission’s comments on the gendered impact of the military offensive, and remains extremely concerned about the situation; A/RES/77/230 Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic 22-28996 16/17 47. Notes with concern the continued insecurity in the north-east of the Syrian Arab Republic, the significant increase in humanitarian needs and the restricted humanitarian space following the failure to reauthorize the Ya‘rubiyah border crossing, in Security Council resolutions 2504 (2020), 2533 (2020) and 2585 (2021), further compounded by lack of access to water and electricity, which continues to undermine the stability and security of the whole region, eroding progress in the fight against ISIL (also known as Da’esh) and worsening the humanitarian situation and humanitarian actors’ ability to respond to humanitarian needs; 48. Stresses the situation of particular concern in north-west Syrian Arab Republic, particularly Idlib, strongly condemns the attacks on civilians and first responders and civilian infrastructure where ongoing violence, including air strikes, continues to cause death and injury among civilians and first responders, as well as devastating damage to civilian infrastructure, including health-care and educational facilities, and welcomes the establishment of the United Nations Board of Inquiry mandated to investigate the destruction of and damage to facilities on the United Nations deconfliction list and United Nations-supported facilities; 49. Expresses concern about reports of attacks on civilians in areas such as Daraa that supported peaceful protests in 2011, and the siege-like conditions in Daraa that have displaced 40,000 people and resulted in acute food and medicine shortages, and targeted assassinations of civilian leaders including former judges, medical workers and others engaged in reconciliation negotiations, noting that the Chair of the Commission of Inquiry reported in June 2021 that at least 130 such incidents had been recorded between July 2020 and April 2021, underscoring the pervasively unstable environment; 50. Expresses deep concern in particular about the violence in the north-west, including air strikes, and the impact on civilians of that violence, stresses the urgent need for the immediate cessation of military hostilities in Idlib and the surrounding areas, for the prioritization of the protection of all civilians, including those displaced, and for full, timely, immediate, unrestricted and safe humanitarian access, including cross-border access, recalls the Additional Protocol to the Memorandum on the Stabilization of the Situation in the Idlib De-escalation Area, signed by the Russian Federation and Turkey on 5 March 2020, and stresses the importance of continuing work towards preserving calm on the ground and creating the necessary conditions for the safe, dignified and voluntary returns of displaced people; 51. Calls upon all Member States, relevant United Nations bodies, international organizations and civil society to coordinate further efforts and proactively focus attention on the issue of missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, including those subjected to enforced disappearance, and recalls the importance of the full and meaningful participation of victims, survivors and their families in such efforts; 52. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on missing persons in the Syrian Arab Republic, supports its findings and notes with appreciation its recommendations, in this regard expresses its intention to take further action on the matter and to ensure that survivors and their families are included throughout the process, and therefore requests an informal briefing in the form of an interactive dialogue from the Secretary-General before 28 February 2023; 53. Urges all parties to the conflict to take all appropriate steps to ensure the safety and security of United Nations and associated personnel, personnel of the specialized agencies and all other personnel engaged in humanitarian relief activities, including national and locally recruited personnel, as required by international humanitarian law, without prejudice to their freedom of movement and access, stresses the need not to impede or hinder these efforts, recalls that attacks on humanitarian Situation of human rights in the Syrian Arab Republic A/RES/77/230 17/17 22-28996 workers may amount to war crimes, and notes in this regard that the Security Council has reaffirmed that it will take further measures in the event of non-compliance with its resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2234 (2015), 2258 (2015), 2286 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401 (2018), 2449 (2018), 2585 (2021) and 2642 (2022) by any Syrian party; 54. Urges the international community to support the leadership and full, effective and meaningful participation of women in all efforts aimed at finding a political solution to the Syrian crisis, as envisaged by the Security Council in its resolution 1325 (2000) and all subsequent resolutions of the women, peace and security agenda; 55. Reaffirms that there can only be a political solution to the conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic, reiterates its commitment to the national unity and territorial integrity of the Syrian Arab Republic, and urges the parties to the conflict to abstain from actions that may contribute to the continuing deterioration of the human rights, security and humanitarian situation, in order to reach a genuine political transition, based on the final communiqué of the Action Group for Syria of 30 June 2012, consistent with Security Council resolutions 2254 (2015), 2268 (2016) and 2585 (2021), that meets the legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people for a civil, democratic and pluralistic State, with the full, equal and meaningful participation and leadership of all women at all levels, where there is no room for sectarianism or discrimination on ethnic, religious, linguistic, gender or any other grounds, and where all persons receive equal protection, regardless of gender, religion or ethnicity, and further demands that all parties work urgently towards the comprehensive implementation of the final communiqué, including through the establishment of an inclusive transitional governing body with full executive powers, which shall be formed on the basis of mutual consent while ensuring the continuity of governmental institutions.
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A/RES/77/25
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 30 November 2022 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/77/L.26)] 77/25. Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine The General Assembly, Recalling its relevant resolutions, including those adopted at its tenth emergency special session, Recalling also its resolution 73/89 of 6 December 2018, entitled “Comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East”, Recalling further relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973, 478 (1980) of 20 August 1980, 1397 (2002) of 12 March 2002, 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003, 1544 (2004) of 19 May 2004, 1850 (2008) of 16 December 2008 and 2334 (2016) of 23 December 2016, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to the request made in its resolution 76/10 of 1 December 2021, Recalling its resolution 58/292 of 6 May 2004, Reaffirming the permanent responsibility of the United Nations with regard to the question of Palestine until it is resolved in all its aspects in accordance with international law and relevant resolutions, Convinced that achieving a just, lasting and comprehensive settlement of the question of Palestine, the core of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is imperative for the attainment of comprehensive and lasting peace and stability in the Middle East, Stressing that the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples is among the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming the principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, A/RES/77/25 Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine 22-27276 2/5 Recalling its resolution 2625 (XXV) of 24 October 1970, and reiterating the importance of maintaining and strengthening international peace founded upon freedom, equality, justice and respect for fundamental human rights and of developing friendly relations among nations irrespective of their political, economic and social systems or the level of their development, Emphasizing the need for respect for, and the preservation of, the territorial integrity and unity of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, Recalling the advisory opinion rendered on 9 July 2004 by the International Court of Justice on the legal consequences of the construction of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory,1 and recalling also its resolutions ES-10/15 of 20 July 2004 and ES-10/17 of 15 December 2006, Reaffirming the illegality of Israeli settlement activities and all other unilateral measures aimed at altering the demographic composition, character and status of the City of Jerusalem and of the Occupied Palestinian Territory as a whole, including the wall and its associated regime, demanding their immediate cessation, and condemning any use of force against Palestinian civilians in violation of international law, notably children, Condemning the firing of rockets against Israeli civilian areas, Emphasizing the importance of the safety, protection and well-being of all civilians in the whole Middle East region, and condemning all acts of violence and terror against civilians on all sides, Calling for full respect for international law, including for the protection of civilian life, as well as for the promotion of human security, the de-escalation of the situation, the exercise of restraint, including from provocative actions and rhetoric, and the establishment of a stable environment conducive to the pursuit of peace, Stressing the need for measures to be taken to guarantee the safety and protection of the Palestinian civilian population throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, particularly in the Gaza Strip, consistent with the provisions and obligations of international humanitarian law, and taking note of the report of the Secretary- General on the protection of the Palestinian civilian population,2 Stressing also the need to ensure accountability for all violations of international humanitarian law and international human rights law in order to end impunity, ensure justice, deter further violations, protect civilians and promote peace, Calling for the release of the bodies that have not yet been returned to their relatives, in line with international humanitarian law and human rights law, in order to ensure dignified closure in accordance with their religious beliefs and traditions, Recalling the mutual recognition 30 years ago between the Government of the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people,3 and stressing the urgent need for efforts to ensure full compliance with the agreements concluded between the two sides, Stressing the need, in particular, for an immediate halt to all actions contrary to international law that undermine trust and prejudge final status issues, Urging renewed and coordinated efforts by the international community aimed at restoring a political horizon and advancing and accelerating the conclusion of a peace treaty to achieve without delay an end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967 by __________________ 1 See A/ES-10/273 and A/ES-10/273/Corr.1. 2 A/ES-10/794. 3 See A/48/486-S/26560, annex. Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine A/RES/77/25 3/5 22-27276 resolving all outstanding issues, including all final status issues, without exception, for a just, lasting and peaceful settlement of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, in accordance with the internationally recognized basis of the two-State solution, and of the Arab- Israeli conflict, for the realization of a comprehensive peace in the Middle East, Recognizing the efforts being undertaken by the Palestinian Government, with international support, to reform, develop, strengthen and preserve its institutions and infrastructure, despite the obstacles presented by the ongoing Israeli occupation, commending in this regard the ongoing efforts to develop the institutions of an independent Palestinian State, and stressing the need to promote intra-Palestinian reconciliation, Expressing concern about the risks posed to the significant achievements made, as confirmed by the positive assessments by the international institutions regarding readiness for statehood, owing to the negative impact of the current instability and financial crisis being faced by the Palestinian Government and the continued absence of a credible political horizon, Welcoming the ongoing efforts of the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee for the Coordination of the International Assistance to Palestinians, chaired by Norway, and noting its recent meeting held at the ministerial level in New York on 22 September 2022, Recognizing the positive contribution of the United Nations Sustainable Development Cooperation Framework, which is aimed, inter alia, at enhancing development support and assistance to the Palestinian people and strengthening institutional capacity in line with Palestinian national priorities, Welcoming the assistance extended by the Conference on Cooperation among East Asian Countries for Palestinian Development, held in in Ramallah and Jericho in July 2019, in support of Palestinian efforts towards an independent Palestinian State through the sharing of the experience of East Asian countries in economic development and exploring effective means of cooperation, aimed at contributing to the promotion of Palestinian development, the Middle East peace process and regional stability, Taking note of the application of Palestine for admission to membership in the United Nations, submitted on 23 September 2011, 4 Taking note also of its resolution 67/19 of 29 November 2012, by which, inter alia, Palestine was accorded non-member observer State status in the United Nations, and taking note further of the follow-up report of the Secretary-General,5 Acknowledging the efforts being undertaken by civil society to promote respect for human rights and a peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine, stressing the need for the protection of civil society actors to allow them to conduct their work freely and without fear of attacks and harassment from any party, and rejecting any attack against civil society, Stressing the urgency of achieving without delay an end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967, Affirming once again the right of all States in the region to live in peace within secure and internationally recognized borders, Recalling the Arab Peace Initiative, adopted by the Council of the League of Arab States at its fourteenth session, held in Beirut on 27 and 28 March 2002,6 and stressing its importance in the efforts to achieve a just, lasting and comprehensive peace, __________________ 4 A/66/371-S/2011/592, annex I. 5 A/67/738. 6 A/56/1026-S/2002/932, annex II, resolution 14/221. A/RES/77/25 Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine 22-27276 4/5 1. Reiterates its call for the achievement, without delay, of a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East on the basis of the relevant United Nations resolutions, including Security Council resolution 2334 (2016), the Madrid terms of reference, including the principle of land for peace, the Arab Peace Initiative and the Quartet road map,7 and an end to the Israeli occupation that began in 1967, including of East Jerusalem, and reaffirms in this regard its unwavering support, in accordance with international law, for the two-State solution of Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security within recognized borders, based on the pre-1967 borders; 2. Stresses the need to urgently exert collective efforts to launch credible negotiations on all final status issues in the Middle East peace process based on the long-standing terms of reference and clear parameters and within the time frame specified by the Quartet in its statement of 21 September 2010, and calls once more for the intensification of efforts by the parties, including through meaningful negotiations, with the support of the international community, towards the conclusion of a final just, lasting and comprehensive peace settlement; 3. Calls for the timely convening of an international conference in Moscow, as envisioned by the Security Council in its resolution 1850 (2008), for the advancement and acceleration of the achievement of a just, lasting and comprehensive peace settlement; 4. Stresses that compliance with and respect for the Charter of the United Nations and international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, is a cornerstone of peace and security in the region; 5. Calls upon both parties to act responsibly and in compliance with international law and their previous agreements and obligations, in both their policies and actions, in order to, with the support of the Quartet and other interested parties, urgently reverse negative trends, including all measures taken on the ground that are contrary to international law, and create the conditions necessary for a credible political horizon and the advancement of peace efforts; 6. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to comply strictly with its obligations under international law and to cease all of its measures that are contrary to international law, including all unilateral actions in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, that are aimed at altering the demographic composition, character and status of the Territory and thus at prejudging the final outcome of peace negotiations, and recalls in this regard the principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of land by force and therefore the illegality of the annexation of any part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, which constitutes a breach of international law, undermines the viability of the two-State solution and challenges the prospects for the achievement of a peaceful settlement and of just, lasting and comprehensive peace; 7. Stresses the need, in particular, for an immediate halt to all settlement activities, land confiscation and home demolitions, for the pursuit of measures to ensure accountability, and for the release of prisoners and an end to arbitrary arrests and detentions; 8. Also stresses the need for respect for and preservation of the territorial unity, contiguity and integrity of all the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem; 9. Further stresses the need for an immediate and complete cessation of all acts of violence, including military attacks, destruction and acts of terror, as well as all acts of provocation and incitement; __________________ 7 S/2003/529, annex. Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine A/RES/77/25 5/5 22-27276 10. Reaffirms its commitment, in accordance with international law, to the two- State solution of Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace and security within recognized borders, based on the pre-1967 borders; 11. Underscores in this regard the affirmation by the Security Council in its resolution 2334 (2016) of its determination to examine practical ways and means to secure the full implementation of its relevant resolutions; 12. Calls for: (a) The withdrawal of Israel from the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem; (b) The realization of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, primarily the right to self-determination and the right to their independent State; (c) A just resolution of the problem of Palestine refugees in conformity with its resolution 194 (III) of 11 December 1948; 13. Calls upon all States, consistent with their obligations under the Charter and relevant Security Council resolutions, inter alia: (a) Not to recognize any changes to the pre-1967 borders, including with regard to Jerusalem, other than those agreed by the parties through negotiations, including by ensuring that agreements with Israel do not imply recognition of Israeli sovereignty over the territories occupied by Israel in 1967; (b) To distinguish, in their relevant dealings, between the territory of the State of Israel and the territories occupied since 1967; (c) Not to render aid or assistance to illegal settlement activities, including not to provide Israel with any assistance to be used specifically in connection with settlements in the occupied territories, in line with Security Council resolution 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980; (d) To respect and ensure respect for international law, in all circumstances, including through measures of accountability, consistent with international law; 14. Urges all States and the United Nations to continue and expedite the provision of economic, humanitarian and technical assistance to the Palestinian people and the Palestinian Government during this critical period in order to help to alleviate the serious humanitarian situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, which is dire in the Gaza Strip, to rehabilitate the Palestinian economy and infrastructure and to support the development and strengthening of Palestinian institutions and Palestinian State-building efforts in preparation for independence; 15. Requests the Secretary-General, including through his Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority, to continue his efforts with the parties concerned, and in consultation with the Security Council, including with regard to the reporting required pursuant to resolution 2334 (2016), towards the attainment of a peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine and the promotion of peace in the region.
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A/RES/77/293
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 June 2023 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/77/L.73)] 77/293. Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia, and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia The General Assembly, Recalling all its relevant resolutions on the protection of and assistance to internally displaced persons, including its resolutions 62/153 of 18 December 2007, 62/249 of 15 May 2008, 63/307 of 9 September 2009, 64/162 of 18 December 2009, 64/296 of 7 September 2010, 65/287 of 29 June 2011, 66/165 of 19 December 2011, 66/283 of 3 July 2012, 67/268 of 13 June 2013, 68/180 of 18 December 2013, 68/274 of 5 June 2014, 69/286 of 3 June 2015, 70/165 of 17 December 2015, 70/265 of 7 June 2016, 71/290 of 1 June 2017, 72/182 of 19 December 2017, 72/280 of 12 June 2018, 73/298 of 4 June 2019, 74/160 of 18 December 2019, 74/300 of 3 September 2020, 75/285 of 16 June 2021, 76/167 of 16 December 2021 and 76/267 of 8 June 2022, Recalling also all relevant Security Council resolutions on Georgia relating to the need for all parties to work towards a comprehensive peace and the return of internally displaced persons and refugees to their places of origin, and stressing the importance of their full and timely implementation, Recognizing the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement 1 as the key international framework for the protection of internally displaced persons, Concerned by forced demographic changes resulting from the conflicts in Georgia, Concerned also by the humanitarian situation caused by armed conflict in August 2008, which resulted in the further forced displacement of civilians, __________________ 1 E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2, annex. A/RES/77/293 Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia, and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia 23-10962 2/2 Mindful of the urgent need to find a solution to the problems related to forced displacement in Georgia, Underlining the importance of the discussions that commenced in Geneva on 15 October 2008 and of continuing to address the issue of the voluntary, safe, dignified and unhindered return of internally displaced persons and refugees on the basis of internationally recognized principles and conflict-settlement practices, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General concerning the implementation of resolution 76/267,2 1. Recognizes the right of return of all internally displaced persons and refugees and their descendants, regardless of ethnicity, to their homes throughout Georgia, including in Abkhazia and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia; 2. Stresses the need to respect the property rights of all internally displaced persons and refugees affected by the conflicts in Georgia and to refrain from obtaining property in violation of those rights; 3. Reaffirms the unacceptability of forced demographic changes; 4. Underlines the urgent need for unimpeded access for humanitarian activities to all internally displaced persons, refugees and other persons residing in all conflict-affected areas throughout Georgia; 5. Calls upon all participants in the Geneva discussions to intensify their efforts to establish a durable peace, to commit to enhanced confidence-building measures and to take immediate steps to ensure respect for human rights and create favourable security conditions conducive to the voluntary, safe, dignified and unhindered return of all internally displaced persons and refugees to their places of origin; 6. Underlines the need for the development of a timetable to ensure the voluntary, safe, dignified and unhindered return of all internally displaced persons and refugees affected by the conflicts in Georgia to their homes; 7. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-eighth session a comprehensive report on the implementation of the present resolution; 8. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-eighth session the item entitled “Protracted conflicts in the GUAM area and their implications for international peace, security and development”. 76th plenary meeting 7 June 2023 __________________ 2 A/77/870.
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A/RES/77/313
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 30 June 2023 [on the report of the Fifth Committee (A/77/932, para. 13)] 77/313. Financing of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon The General Assembly, Having considered the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon 1 and the related report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,2 Recalling Security Council resolution 425 (1978) of 19 March 1978 regarding the establishment of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon and the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended the mandate of the Force, the latest of which was resolution 2650 (2022) of 31 August 2022, by which the Council extended the mandate of the Force until 31 August 2023, Recalling also its resolution S-8/2 of 21 April 1978 on the financing of the Force and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the latest of which was resolution 76/290 of 29 June 2022, Reaffirming its resolutions 51/233 of 13 June 1997, 52/237 of 26 June 1998, 53/227 of 8 June 1999, 54/267 of 15 June 2000, 55/180 A of 19 December 2000, 55/180 B of 14 June 2001, 56/214 A of 21 December 2001, 56/214 B of 27 June 2002, 57/325 of 18 June 2003, 58/307 of 18 June 2004, 59/307 of 22 June 2005, 60/278 of 30 June 2006, 61/250 A of 22 December 2006, 61/250 B of 2 April 2007, 61/250 C of 29 June 2007, 62/265 of 20 June 2008, 63/298 of 30 June 2009, 64/282 of 24 June 2010, 65/303 of 30 June 2011, 66/277 of 21 June 2012, 67/279 of 28 June 2013, 68/292 of 30 June 2014, 69/302 of 25 June 2015, 70/280 of 15 July 2016, 71/307 of 30 June 2017, 72/299 of 5 July 2018, 73/322 of 3 July 2019, 75/250 A of 31 December 2020, 75/250 B of 30 June 2021 and 76/290, __________________ 1 A/77/602 and A/77/740. 2 A/77/767/Add.9. A/RES/77/313 Financing of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon 23-13517 2/4 Reaffirming also the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in its resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000, Noting with appreciation that voluntary contributions have been made to the Force, Mindful of the fact that it is essential to provide the Force with the financial resources necessary to enable it to fulfil its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, 1. Requests the Secretary-General to entrust the Head of Mission with the task of formulating future budget proposals in full accordance with the provisions of its resolutions 59/296 of 22 June 2005, 60/266 of 30 June 2006, 61/276 of 29 June 2007, 64/269 of 24 June 2010, 65/289 of 30 June 2011, 66/264 of 21 June 2012, 69/307 of 25 June 2015, 70/286 of 17 June 2016 and 76/274 of 29 June 2022, as well as other relevant resolutions; 2. Takes note of the status of contributions to the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon as at 30 April 2023, including the contributions outstanding in the amount of 217.6 million United States dollars, representing some 1.9 per cent of the total assessed contributions, notes with concern that only 99 Member States have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment of their outstanding assessed contributions; 3. Expresses its appreciation to those Member States that have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States to make every possible effort to ensure payment of their assessed contributions to the Force in full; 4. Expresses deep concern that Israel did not comply with resolutions 51/233, 52/237, 53/227, 54/267, 55/180 A, 55/180 B, 56/214 A, 56/214 B, 57/325, 58/307, 59/307, 60/278, 61/250 A, 61/250 B, 61/250 C, 62/265, 63/298, 64/282, 65/303, 66/277, 67/279, 68/292, 69/302, 70/280, 71/307, 72/299, 73/322, 75/250 A, 75/250 B and 76/290; 5. Stresses once again that Israel should strictly abide by resolutions 51/233, 52/237, 53/227, 54/267, 55/180 A, 55/180 B, 56/214 A, 56/214 B, 57/325, 58/307, 59/307, 60/278, 61/250 A, 61/250 B, 61/250 C, 62/265, 63/298, 64/282, 65/303, 66/277, 67/279, 68/292, 69/302, 70/280, 71/307, 72/299, 73/322, 75/250 A, 75/250 B and 76/290; 6. Expresses concern at the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments; 7. Emphasizes that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements; 8. Also emphasizes that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates; 9. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that proposed peacekeeping budgets are based on the relevant legislative mandates; 10. Endorses the conclusions and recommendations contained in the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions, subject to the provisions of the present resolution, and requests the Secretary-General to ensure their full implementation; Financing of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon A/RES/77/313 3/4 23-13517 11. Takes note of paragraph 30 of the report of the Advisory Committee; 12. Requests the Secretary-General to ensure the full implementation of the relevant provisions of its resolutions 59/296, 60/266, 61/276, 64/269, 65/289, 66/264, 69/307, 70/286 and 76/274; 13. Also requests the Secretary-General to take all action necessary to ensure that the Force is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy; 14. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to take the measures necessary to ensure the full implementation of paragraph 8 of resolution 51/233, paragraph 5 of resolution 52/237, paragraph 11 of resolution 53/227, paragraph 14 of resolution 54/267, paragraph 14 of resolution 55/180 A, paragraph 15 of resolution 55/180 B, paragraph 13 of resolution 56/214 A, paragraph 13 of resolution 56/214 B, paragraph 14 of resolution 57/325, paragraph 13 of resolution 58/307, paragraph 13 of resolution 59/307, paragraph 17 of resolution 60/278, paragraph 21 of resolution 61/250 A, paragraph 20 of resolution 61/250 B, paragraph 20 of resolution 61/250 C, paragraph 21 of resolution 62/265, paragraph 19 of resolution 63/298, paragraph 18 of resolution 64/282, paragraph 15 of resolution 65/303, paragraph 13 of resolution 66/277, paragraph 13 of resolution 67/279, paragraph 13 of resolution 68/292, paragraph 14 of resolution 69/302, paragraph 13 of resolution 70/280, paragraph 14 of resolution 71/307, paragraph 14 of resolution 72/299, paragraph 16 of resolution 73/322, paragraph 3 of resolution 75/250 A, paragraph 39 of resolution 75/250 B and paragraph 15 of resolution 76/290, stresses once again that Israel shall pay the amount of 1,117,005 dollars resulting from the incident at Qana on 18 April 1996, and requests the Secretary-General to report on this matter to the General Assembly at its seventy-eighth session; Budget performance report for the period from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022 15. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the budget performance of the Force for the period from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2022; 3 Budget estimates for the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024 16. Decides to appropriate to the special account for the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon the amount of 585,940,100 dollars for the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024, inclusive of 537,367,000 dollars for the maintenance of the Force, 41,460,000 dollars for the support account for peacekeeping operations and 7,113,100 dollars for the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy; Financing of the appropriation for the period from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024 17. Decides to apportion among Member States the amount of 97,656,700 dollars for the period from 1 July to 31 August 2023 in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution 76/239 of 24 December 2021, taking into account the scale of assessments for 2023, as set out in its resolution 76/238 of 24 December 2021; 18. Also decides that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X) of 15 December 1955, there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph 17 above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund of 3,505,700 dollars, comprising the estimated staff assessment income of 2,847,800 dollars approved for the Force, the prorated share of 541,300 dollars of the estimated staff assessment income approved for the support account and the prorated share of 116,600 dollars of the estimated staff assessment income approved for the United Nations Logistics Base; __________________ 3 A/77/602. A/RES/77/313 Financing of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon 23-13517 4/4 19. Further decides to apportion among Member States the amount of 488,283,400 dollars for the period from 1 September 2023 to 30 June 2024, at a monthly rate of 48,828,340 dollars, in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution 76/239, taking into account the scale of assessments for 2023 and 2024, as set out in its resolution 76/238, subject to a decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Force; 20. Decides that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph 19 above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund of 17,528,500 dollars, comprising the estimated staff assessment income of 14,239,100 dollars approved for the Force, the prorated share of 2,706,800 dollars of the estimated staff assessment income approved for the support account and the prorated share of 582,600 dollars of the estimated staff assessment income approved for the United Nations Logistics Base; 21. Also decides that, for Member States that have fulfilled their financial obligations to the Force, there shall be set off against the apportionment, as provided for in paragraphs 17 and 19 above, their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the amount of 6,351,200 dollars in respect of the financial period ended 30 June 2022, in accordance with the levels updated in its resolution 76/239, taking into account the scale of assessments for 2022, as set out in its resolution 76/238; 22. Further decides that, for Member States that have not fulfilled their financial obligations to the Force, there shall be set off against their outstanding obligations their respective share of the unencumbered balance and other revenue in the total amount of 6,351,200 dollars in respect of the financial period ended 30 June 2022, in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 21 above; 23. Decides that the increase of 537,100 dollars in the estimated staff assessment income in respect of the financial period ended 30 June 2022 shall be added to the credits in the amount of 6,351,200 dollars referred to in paragraphs 21 and 22 above; 24. Encourages the Secretary-General to continue to take additional measures to ensure the safety and security of all personnel participating in the Force under the auspices of the United Nations, bearing in mind paragraphs 5 and 6 of Security Council resolution 1502 (2003) of 26 August 2003; 25. Invites voluntary contributions to the Force in cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, in accordance with the procedure and practices established by the General Assembly; 26. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-eighth session, under the item entitled “Financing of the United Nations peacekeeping forces in the Middle East”, the sub-item entitled “United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon”.
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A/RES/77/338
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 1 September 2023 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/77/L.107)] 77/338. Cooperation between the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization The General Assembly, Recalling that one of the objectives of the United Nations is to achieve cooperation in maintaining international peace and security and solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character, Recalling also the Articles of the Charter of the United Nations that encourage activities on the basis of regional cooperation to promote the goals and objectives of the United Nations, Recalling further its resolution 59/48 of 2 December 2004, by which it granted observer status to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Recalling its resolutions 64/183 of 18 December 2009, 65/124 of 13 December 2010, 67/15 of 19 November 2012, 69/11 of 11 November 2014, 71/14 of 21 November 2016, 73/334 of 30 August 2019 and 75/268 of 25 March 2021 on cooperation between the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Recalling also the Joint Declaration on Cooperation between the secretariats of the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, dated 5 April 2010, Noting that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is committed to act consistently with the goals and principles of the United Nations, Noting also that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has become an essential regional organization for addressing security in the region, in all its dimensions, including in cooperation with relevant regional organizations, A/RES/77/338 Cooperation between the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization 23-17572 2/4 Taking into account the commitment of the States members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to pursue the implementation of the goals outlined in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,1 Recalling the commitment of the States members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to achieve a pacific settlement of regional disputes under Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations, Recognizing the efforts of the States members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to build the region of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization into a region of lasting peace, friendship, prosperity and harmony, in accordance with the Treaty on Long-term Good-neighbourliness, Friendship and Cooperation among the States members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization,2 Recalling that in its resolution 71/14, it noted the aspiration of the States members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to promote stability and the maintenance of international peace and security, and noting in this regard the eighteenth meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, held in Qingdao, China, on 9 and 10 June 2018, as well as the nineteenth meeting, held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, on 13 and 14 June 2019, the twentieth meeting, held under the chairmanship of the Russian Federation on 10 November 2020 in video format, the twenty-first meeting, held in Dushanbe, Tajikistan, on 16 and 17 September 2021, the twenty-second meeting, held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, on 15 and 16 September 2022, and the twenty-third meeting, held under the chairmanship of India on 4 July 2023 in video format, Welcoming the commitment of the States party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons3 that are States members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to comply fully with the Treaty, including in Central Asia, Recognizing the efforts of the States members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to promote counter-terrorism cooperation, including through the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure, and welcoming in this regard the protocol on cooperation between the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, signed on 22 July 2012, noting the cooperation between the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Office of Counter-Terrorism, including the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Centre, in implementing the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy,4 and the cooperation between the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate, and noting the Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation between these two entities signed on 25 March 2019, Recognizing also the role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in combating drugs, based on the outcome of the thirtieth special session of the General Assembly on the world drug problem, held in New York from 19 to 21 April 2016,5 and encouraging the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to continue such cooperation in this field, Recalling the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between the secretariat of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in June 2011 with a view to effectively addressing, in cooperation with relevant international and regional actors, the production of and trade and __________________ 1 Resolution 70/1. 2 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2896, No. 50518. 3 Ibid., vol. 729, No. 10485. 4 Resolution 60/288. 5 Resolution S-30/1, annex. Cooperation between the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization A/RES/77/338 3/4 23-17572 trafficking in drugs, and welcoming the further cooperation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Office, Noting the improved quality of the dynamics of cooperation among the States members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, as well as the further enhancement of the potential and role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the international arena as a multilateral mechanism, and in this regard welcoming the convening of the meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Qingdao on 9 and 10 June 2018 as the first summit after the enlargement of the Organization, as well as the nineteenth meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, held in Bishkek on 13 and 14 June 2019, the twentieth meeting, held under the chairmanship of the Russian Federation on 10 November 2020 in video format, the twenty-first meeting, held in Dushanbe on 16 and 17 September 2021, the twenty-second meeting, held in Samarkand on 15 and 16 September 2022, and the twenty-third meeting, held under the chairmanship of India on 4 July 2023 in video format, Taking note of the initiatives of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, as well as the efforts of others, to address security of and in the use of information and communications technologies, and recognizing the need for further discussions in relevant forums, Noting the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between the secretariat of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the secretariat of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific in September 2022 aimed at enhancing cooperation in trade, transport, energy, and information and communications technology connectivity, Welcoming the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation between the secretariat of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in September 2022 with the goal of strengthening peace, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue by means of developing cooperation in education, science, culture, communication and information, Noting the granting to the Islamic Republic of Iran of the status of a State member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the signing of the Memorandum of Commitment by Belarus to obtain the status of a State member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization following the meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization held under the chairmanship of India on 4 July 2023, Recognizing the efforts of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to promote cooperation with other regional organizations, including the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia, the Economic Cooperation Organization, the Eurasian Economic Union6 and the League of Arab States,7 as well as with the International Committee of the Red Cross, Taking into consideration the fact that countries with economies in transition are among the members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and in this regard recalling its resolution 61/210 of 20 December 2006, in which it proposed that the __________________ 6 The Memorandum of Understanding between the secretariat of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Eurasian Economic Commission was signed in Dushanbe on 17 September 2021. 7 The Memorandum of Understanding between the secretariat of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the League of Arab States was signed in Samarkand on 16 September 2022. A/RES/77/338 Cooperation between the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization 23-17572 4/4 United Nations system enhance dialogue with regional and subregional cooperation organizations whose membership includes countries with economies in transition and increase support provided to them, Convinced that strengthening cooperation between the United Nations and other organizations of the United Nations system and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization helps to promote the goals and objectives of the United Nations, 1. Acknowledges the constructive role of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in securing peace and sustainable development, advancing regional cooperation and strengthening good-neighbourliness and mutual trust, and notes the activities of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization aimed at strengthening peace, security and stability in the region, countering terrorism, drug trafficking and other types of criminal activity of a transnational character and promoting regional cooperation in various areas such as trade and economic development, energy, transportation, agriculture and agro-industry, the regulation of migration, banking and finances, information and telecommunications, science and new technology, start-ups and innovation, the digital economy, customs, education, public health, traditional medicine, environmental protection and reducing the danger of natural disasters, as well as in other related areas; 2. Emphasizes the importance of strengthening dialogue, cooperation and coordination between the United Nations system and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and proposes that the Secretary-General, for this purpose, continue to hold regular consultations with the Secretary-General of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization through the existing inter-agency forums and formats, including the high-level interactive dialogue of the Secretary-General of the United Nations with the heads of the regional organizations and other organizations; 3. Proposes that the specialized agencies, organizations, programmes and funds of the United Nations system cooperate with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization with a view to jointly implementing programmes to achieve their goals, and in this regard recommends that the heads of such entities continue consultations with the Secretary-General of the United Nations; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution; 5. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session, under the item entitled “Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and other organizations”, the sub-item entitled “Cooperation between the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization”.
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A/RES/77/42
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2022 [on the report of the First Committee (A/77/383, para. 16)] 77/42. No first placement of weapons in outer space The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 69/32 of 2 December 2014, 70/27 of 7 December 2015, 71/32 of 5 December 2016, 72/27 of 4 December 2017, 73/31 of 5 December 2018, 74/33 of 12 December 2019, 75/37 of 7 December 2020 and 76/23 of 6 December 2021 and its resolutions 45/55 B of 4 December 1990 and 48/74 B of 16 December 1993, which, inter alia, confirm the importance of transparency and confidence- building measures as a means conducive to ensuring the attainment of the objective of preventing an arms race in outer space, Recognizing the common interest of all humankind in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, Seriously concerned about the possibility of an arms race in outer space and of outer space turning into an arena for military confrontation, and bearing in mind the importance of articles III and IV of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,1 Conscious that the prevention of an arms race in outer space would avert a grave danger to international peace and security, Reaffirming that practical measures should be examined and taken in the search for agreements to prevent an arms race in outer space in a common effort towards a community of shared future for humankind, Emphasizing the paramount importance of strict compliance with the existing legal regime providing for the peaceful use of outer space, __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 610, No. 8843. A/RES/77/42 No first placement of weapons in outer space 22-28137 2/2 Reaffirming its recognition that the legal regime applicable to outer space by itself does not guarantee prevention of an arms race in outer space and that there is a need to consolidate and reinforce that regime, Convinced that such measures could critically improve conditions for efficiently addressing the threat of an arms race in outer space, including the placement of weapons in outer space, Welcoming, in this regard, the draft treaty on the prevention of the placement of weapons in outer space and of the threat or use of force against outer space objects, introduced by China and the Russian Federation at the Conference on Disarmament in 2008,2 and the submission of its updated version in 2014, 3 Considering that transparency and confidence-building measures in outer space activities are an integral part of the draft treaty referred to above, Stressing the importance of the political statements made by a number of States 4 that they would not be the first to place weapons in outer space, 1. Reaffirms the importance and urgency of the objective of preventing an arms race in outer space and the willingness of States to contribute to reaching this common goal; 2. Reiterates that the Conference on Disarmament, as the single multilateral negotiating forum on this subject, 5 has the primary role in the negotiation of a multilateral agreement, or agreements, as appropriate, on the prevention of an arms race in outer space in all its aspects; 3. Urges an early commencement of substantive work based on the updated draft treaty on the prevention of the placement of weapons in outer space and of the threat or use of force against outer space objects, introduced by China and the Russian Federation at the Conference on Disarmament in 2008, under the agenda item entitled “Prevention of an arms race in outer space”; 4. Stresses that, while such an agreement is not yet concluded, other measures may contribute to ensuring that weapons are not placed in outer space; 5. Encourages all States, especially spacefaring nations, to consider the possibility of upholding, as appropriate, a political commitment not to be the first to place weapons in outer space; 6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-eighth session, under the item entitled “Prevention of an arms race in outer space”, the sub-item entitled “No first placement of weapons in outer space”. 46th plenary meeting 7 December 2022 __________________ 2 See CD/1839. 3 See CD/1985. 4 Argentina, Armenia, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Burundi, Cambodia, Comoros, Congo, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Togo, Turkmenistan, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) and Viet Nam. 5 See resolution S-10/2.
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A/RES/77/50
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2022 [on the report of the First Committee (A/77/385, para. 110)] 77/50. Measures to uphold the authority of the 1925 Geneva Protocol The General Assembly, Recalling its previous resolutions on the subject, in particular resolutions 71/59 of 5 December 2016, 73/43 of 5 December 2018 and 75/46 of 7 December 2020, Determined to act with a view to achieving effective progress towards general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, Recalling the long-standing determination of the international community to achieve the effective prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical and biological weapons, as well as the continuing support for measures to uphold the authority of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, signed at Geneva on 17 June 1925,1 as expressed by consensus in many previous resolutions, Emphasizing the necessity of easing international tension and strengthening trust and confidence between States, 1. Takes note of the note by the Secretary-General;2 2. Renews its previous call to all States to observe strictly the principles and objectives of the Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, and reaffirms the vital necessity of upholding its provisions; 3. Calls upon those States that continue to maintain reservations to the 1925 Geneva Protocol to withdraw them; __________________ 1 League of Nations, Treaty Series, vol. XCIV, No. 2138. 2 A/77/98. A/RES/77/50 Measures to uphold the authority of the 1925 Geneva Protocol 22-28148 2/2 4. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution.
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A/RES/77/63
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2022 [on the report of the First Committee (A/77/385, para. 110)] 77/63. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 54/54 B of 1 December 1999, 55/33 V of 20 November 2000, 56/24 M of 29 November 2001, 57/74 of 22 November 2002, 58/53 of 8 December 2003, 59/84 of 3 December 2004, 60/80 of 8 December 2005, 61/84 of 6 December 2006, 62/41 of 5 December 2007, 63/42 of 2 December 2008, 64/56 of 2 December 2009, 65/48 of 8 December 2010, 66/29 of 2 December 2011, 67/32 of 3 December 2012, 68/30 of 5 December 2013, 69/34 of 2 December 2014, 70/55 of 7 December 2015, 71/34 of 5 December 2016, 72/53 of 4 December 2017, 73/61 of 5 December 2018, 74/61 of 12 December 2019, 75/52 of 7 December 2020 and 76/26 of 6 December 2021, Reaffirming its determination to put an end to the suffering and casualties caused by anti-personnel mines, which kill or injure thousands of people – women, girls, boys and men – every year, and which place people living in affected areas at risk and hinder the development of their communities, Believing it necessary to do the utmost to contribute in an efficient and coordinated manner to facing the challenge of removing anti-personnel mines placed throughout the world and to assure their destruction, Wishing to do the utmost to ensure assistance for the care and rehabilitation, including the social and economic reintegration, of mine victims, Noting with satisfaction the work undertaken to implement the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel A/RES/77/63 Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction 22-28153 2/3 Mines and on Their Destruction 1 and the substantial progress made towards addressing the global anti-personnel landmine problem, Recalling the first to nineteenth meetings of the States parties to the Convention, held in Maputo (1999), Geneva (2000), Managua (2001), Geneva (2002), Bangkok (2003), Zagreb (2005), Geneva (2006), the Dead Sea (2007), Geneva (2008 and 2010), Phnom Penh (2011), Geneva (2012, 2013 and 2015), Santiago (2016), Vienna (2017), Geneva (2018 and 2020) and The Hague (2021), and the First, Second, Third and Fourth Review Conferences of the States Parties to the Convention, held in Nairobi (2004), Cartagena, Colombia (2009), Maputo (2014) and Oslo (2019), Recalling also that, at the Fourth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention, the international community reviewed the implementation of the Convention and the States parties adopted a declaration and an action plan for the period 2020–2024 to support the enhanced implementation and promotion of the Convention, Underlining the importance of cooperation and assistance in the implementation of the Convention, including through the so-called individualized approach, which offers mine-affected countries a platform for presenting their challenges, Stressing the need to take into account gender aspects in mine action, Noting with satisfaction that 164 States have ratified or acceded to the Convention and have formally accepted the obligations of the Convention, Emphasizing the desirability of attracting the adherence of all States to the Convention, and determined to work strenuously towards the promotion of its universalization and norms, Noting with deep regret that anti-personnel mines continue to be used in some conflicts around the world, causing human suffering and impeding post-conflict development, 1. Invites all States that have not signed the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction to accede to it without delay; 2. Urges the one remaining State that has signed but has not ratified the Convention to ratify it without delay; 3. Stresses the importance of the full and effective implementation of and compliance with the Convention, including through the continued implementation of the action plans under the Convention; 4. Expresses strong concern regarding the use of anti-personnel mines in various parts of the world, including use highlighted in recent allegations, reports and documented evidence; 5. Urges all States parties to provide the Secretary-General with complete and timely information as required under article 7 of the Convention in order to promote transparency and compliance with the Convention; 6. Invites all States that have not ratified the Convention or acceded to it to provide, on a voluntary basis, information to make global mine action efforts more effective; 7. Renews its call upon all States and other relevant parties to work together to promote, support and advance the care, rehabilitation and social and economic reintegration of mine victims, mine risk education and reduction programmes and the __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2056, No. 35597. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction A/RES/77/63 3/3 22-28153 removal and destruction of anti-personnel mines placed or stockpiled throughout the world; 8. Urges all States to remain seized of the issue at the highest political level and, where in a position to do so, to promote adherence to the Convention through bilateral, subregional, regional and multilateral contacts, outreach, seminars and other means; 9. Invites and encourages all interested States, the United Nations, other relevant international organizations or institutions, regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross and relevant non-governmental organizations to attend the Twentieth Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention, to be held in Geneva from 21 to 25 November 2022, and to participate in the future programme of meetings of the States parties to the Convention; 10. Requests the Secretary-General, in accordance with article 12, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to undertake the preparations necessary to convene the Twenty- first Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention and, on behalf of the States parties and in accordance with article 12, paragraph 3, of the Convention, to invite States not parties to the Convention, as well as the United Nations, other relevant international organizations or institutions, regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross and relevant non-governmental organizations, to attend the Twenty-first Meeting of the States Parties as observers; 11. Calls upon States parties and States participating in meetings to address issues arising from outstanding dues and to proceed promptly with the payment of their share of the estimated costs; 12. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-eighth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction”.
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A/RES/77/79
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2022 [on the report of the First Committee (A/77/385, para. 110)] 77/79. Implementation of the Convention on Cluster Munitions The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 63/71 of 2 December 2008 on the Convention on Cluster Munitions and 70/54 of 7 December 2015, 71/45 of 5 December 2016, 72/54 of 4 December 2017, 73/54 of 5 December 2018, 74/62 of 12 December 2019, 75/62 of 7 December 2020 and 76/47 of 6 December 2021 on the implementation of the Convention, Reaffirming its determination to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function as intended or when they are abandoned, Deploring the recent cases of cluster munitions use and related civilian casualties, and calling upon those who continue to use cluster munitions to cease any such activity immediately, Conscious that cluster munition remnants kill or maim civilians, including women and children, obstruct economic and social development, including through the loss of livelihood, impede post-conflict rehabilitation and reconstruction, delay or prevent the return of refugees and internally displaced persons, can have a negative impact on national and international peacebuilding and humanitarian assistance efforts, and have other severe consequences for many years after use, Concerned about the dangers presented by the large national stockpiles of cluster munitions retained for operational use, and determined to ensure their rapid destruction, Recognizing the impact of cluster munitions on women, men, girls and boys and the importance of relevant States providing adequate, gender- and age-sensitive assistance to victims of cluster munitions, A/RES/77/79 Implementation of the Convention on Cluster Munitions 22-28182 2/3 Believing it necessary to contribute effectively in an efficient, coordinated manner to resolving the challenge of removing cluster munition remnants located throughout the world, and to ensure their destruction, Mindful of the need to adequately coordinate efforts undertaken in various forums, including through the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities,1 to address the rights and needs of victims of various types of weapons, and resolved to avoid discrimination among victims of various types of weapons, Reaffirming that in cases not covered by the Convention on Cluster Munitions 2 or by other international agreements, civilians and combatants remain under the protection and authority of the principles of international law, derived from established custom, from the principles of humanity and from the dictates of public conscience, Welcoming the steps taken nationally, regionally and globally in recent years aimed at prohibiting, restricting or suspending the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of cluster munitions, and welcoming also in this regard that, since 2014, all Central American States have joined the Convention, thus fulfilling their aspiration to become the first cluster munitions-free region in the world, Stressing the role of public conscience in furthering the principles of humanity, as evidenced by the global call for an end to civilian suffering caused by cluster munitions, and recognizing the efforts to that end undertaken by the United Nations, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Cluster Munition Coalition and numerous other non-governmental organizations around the world, Noting that a total of 123 States have joined the Convention, 110 as States parties and 13 as signatories, Emphasizing the need to make further efforts in accelerating the universalization process, Noting the outcome of the second Review Conference of States Parties to the Convention on Cluster Munitions, held in Geneva from 25 to 27 November 2020 and on 20 and 21 September 2021, and in particular the adoption of the Lausanne Declaration entitled “Protecting lives, empowering victims, enabling development” and the Lausanne Action Plan 2021–2026 3 to support the full and effective implementation of the Convention, Welcoming the dialogue undertaken by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, which presided over the tenth Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on Cluster Munitions, with States not parties to the Convention, including military-to-military dialogue, in support of universal adherence to the Convention, and recognizing the efforts undertaken to explore innovative finance solutions to assist affected countries in the implementation of their obligations under the Convention, Recognizing the importance of full involvement and equal opportunities for the meaningful participation of women and men in disarmament processes, policy and programming decisions related to the Convention, 1. Urges all States not parties to the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ratify or accede to it as soon as possible, and all States parties that are in a position to __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2515, No. 44910. 2 Ibid., vol. 2688, No. 47713. 3 CCM/CONF/2021/6, annexes I and II. Implementation of the Convention on Cluster Munitions A/RES/77/79 3/3 22-28182 do so to promote adherence to the Convention through bilateral, subregional and multilateral contacts, outreach and other means; 2. Stresses the importance of the full and effective implementation of and compliance with the Convention, including through the implementation of the Lausanne Action Plan, as appropriate; 3. Expresses grave concern regarding the number of allegations, reports or documented evidence of the use of cluster munitions in different parts of the world, related civilian casualties and other consequences that impede the achievement of sustainable development; 4. Urges all States parties to provide the Secretary-General with complete and timely information as required under article 7 of the Convention in order to promote transparency and compliance with the Convention; 5. Invites all States that have not ratified the Convention or acceded to it to provide, on a voluntary basis, information that could make the clearance and destruction of cluster munition remnants and related activities more effective; 6. Reiterates the invitation to States not parties to participate in a continued dialogue on issues relevant to the Convention in order to enhance its humanitarian impact and to promote its universalization, as well as to engage in a military-to- military dialogue in order to address specific security issues related to cluster munitions; 7. Reiterates its invitation and encouragement to all States parties, interested States, the United Nations, other relevant international organizations or institutions, regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Cluster Munition Coalition and other relevant non-governmental organizations to participate in the upcoming formal meetings under the Convention; 8. Invites and encourages all interested States, the United Nations, other relevant international organizations or institutions, regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross and relevant non-governmental organizations to attend the eleventh Meeting of States Parties to the Convention on Cluster Munitions, to be held in Geneva from 11 to 14 September 2023, and to participate in the future programme of meetings of the States parties to the Convention; 9. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to convene the Meetings of States Parties to the Convention and to continue to render the necessary assistance and to provide such services as may be necessary to fulfil the tasks entrusted to him under the Convention and in the relevant decisions of the Meetings of States Parties and the second Review Conference; 10. Calls upon States parties and participating States to address issues arising from outstanding dues, including options to ensure sustainable financing for all formal meetings and prompt payment of respective shares of the estimated costs; 11. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-eighth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the Convention on Cluster Munitions”.
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A/RES/78/11
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 28 November 2023 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/78/L.10)] 78/11. The Syrian Golan The General Assembly, Having considered the item entitled “The situation in the Middle East”, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General on the situation in the Middle East,1 Recalling Security Council resolution 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981, Reaffirming the fundamental principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming once more the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,2 to the occupied Syrian Golan, Deeply concerned that Israel has not withdrawn from the Syrian Golan, which has been under occupation since 1967, contrary to the relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions, Stressing the illegality of the Israeli settlement construction and other activities in the occupied Syrian Golan since 1967, Noting with satisfaction the convening in Madrid on 30 October 1991 of the Peace Conference on the Middle East, on the basis of Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973 and 425 (1978) of 19 March 1978 and the formula of land for peace, __________________ 1 A/78/315. 2 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973. A/RES/78/11 The Syrian Golan 23-23817 2/2 Expressing grave concern over the halt in the peace process on the Syrian track, and expressing the hope that peace talks will soon resume from the point they had reached, 1. Declares that Israel has failed so far to comply with Security Council resolution 497 (1981); 2. Also declares that the Israeli decision of 14 December 1981 to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration on the occupied Syrian Golan is null and void and has no validity whatsoever, as confirmed by the Security Council in its resolution 497 (1981), and calls upon Israel to rescind it; 3. Reaffirms its determination that all relevant provisions of the Regulations annexed to the Hague Convention of 1907, and the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,2 continue to apply to the Syrian territory occupied by Israel since 1967, and calls upon the parties thereto to respect and ensure respect for their obligations under those instruments in all circumstances; 4. Determines once more that the continued occupation of the Syrian Golan and its de facto annexation constitute a stumbling block in the way of achieving a just, comprehensive and lasting peace in the region; 5. Calls upon Israel to resume the talks on the Syrian and Lebanese tracks and to respect the commitments and undertakings reached during the previous talks; 6. Demands once more that Israel withdraw from all the occupied Syrian Golan to the line of 4 June 1967 in implementation of the relevant Security Council resolutions; 7. Calls upon all the parties concerned, the co-sponsors of the peace process and the entire international community to exert all the necessary efforts to ensure the resumption of the peace process and its success by implementing Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) and 338 (1973); 8. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session on the implementation of the present resolution.
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A/RES/78/144
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2023 [on the report of the Second Committee (A/78/461, para. 53)] 78/144. Agricultural technology for sustainable development The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 76/200 of 17 December 2021, Reaffirming its resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, in which it adopted a comprehensive, far-reaching and people-centred set of universal and transformative Sustainable Development Goals and targets, its commitment to working tirelessly for the full implementation of the Agenda by 2030, its recognition that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development, and its commitment to achieving sustainable development in its three dimensions – economic, social and environmental – in a balanced and integrated manner, and to building upon the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals and seeking to address their unfinished business, Reaffirming also its resolution 69/313 of 27 July 2015 on the Addis Ababa Action Agenda of the Third International Conference on Financing for Development, which is an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, supports and complements it, helps to contextualize its means of implementation targets with concrete policies and actions, and reaffirms the strong political commitment to address the challenge of financing and creating an enabling environment at all levels for sustainable development in the spirit of global partnership and solidarity, Expressing concern about the high level of global hunger, which affected between 691 million and 783 million people in 2022, Recognizing that sustainable, affordable and context-specific agricultural technology has a beneficial impact on and an important role in the successful implementation of the goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda, and in that regard taking note with appreciation of the report of the Secretary-General on progress towards the A/RES/78/144 Agricultural technology for sustainable development 23-25924 2/11 Sustainable Development Goals,1 the Global Sustainable Development Report and the Secretary-General’s strategy on new technologies, Recognizing also that the agriculture sector is inextricably linked with the entire food system and that agricultural technologies, innovations and digitalization can be enablers of efforts to make agrifood systems more efficient, inclusive, equitable, resilient and sustainable and add value throughout the agrifood system by improving the sustainability of production, harvesting, storage, transport, trade, processing, transformation, retail, loss and waste reduction and recycling, as well as interactions among these processes, and that it is necessary to identify and analyse opportunities, risks and trade-offs associated with technologies and to ensure the availability, accessibility and affordability of relevant technologies for small-scale producers, family farmers and all actors of the agrifood system, Recalling the Rome Declaration on Nutrition, adopted at the Second International Conference on Nutrition, 2 the United Nations Decade of Action on Nutrition (2016–2025)3 and the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030),4 taking note of the Nutrition for Growth Summit held in Tokyo in 2021, and looking forward to the Nutrition for Growth Summit to be held in Paris, Recalling also the United Nations Decade of Family Farming (2019–2028),5 noting the report on its implementation,6 and that sustainable agricultural technology, digitalization, as well as technological, social, economic and institutional innovations, build on the knowledge, capacities and a science base to respond to the needs and realities of smallholder and family farmers, in particular women and youth and Indigenous Peoples in rural areas, and in that regard highlighting the importance of innovation-driven development and support to entrepreneurship and innovation that embraces both traditional good practices and innovations, secures access for family farmers to sustainable, affordable and context-specific innovations, technologies and connectivity, and leverages the potential for innovation among young family farmers, and welcoming new sustainable agricultural technologies and approaches that can increase productivity and food safety and resilience, contributing to their transition from subsistence farming to innovative, commercial production and helping them to increase in a sustainable manner their own food security and nutrition, generate marketable surpluses and add value to their production, Taking note with appreciation of the United Nations Food Systems Summit +2 Stocktaking Moment, convened by the Secretary-General from 24 to 26 July 2023 and hosted by the Government of Italy at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in collaboration with the United Nations system in Rome, Stressing the need to design sustainable agrifood systems that conserve the natural resource base and enhance the provision of ecosystem services, while increasing productivity, and that respond to the challenges posed by, inter alia, climate change, the depletion and scarcity of natural resources, urbanization and globalization, and recognizing that agricultural technology, innovation and digitalization can contribute to food security and nutrition and help to build resilience, Recognizing the need to further enhance the linkages and synergies between agricultural technology and sustainable agricultural practices, including agroecological and other innovative approaches, resource use efficiency, including sustainable use __________________ 1 A/78/80-E/2023/64. 2 World Health Organization, document EB136/8, annex I. 3 See resolution 70/259. 4 See resolution 73/284. 5 See resolution 72/239. 6 A/78/233. Agricultural technology for sustainable development A/RES/78/144 3/11 23-25924 of existing domestic agricultural resources acknowledging diversity in circumstance, circular economy, recycling, optimizing external inputs, integration, crop rotation and diversification, no-tillage, soil health monitoring, agroforestry and regenerative agricultural practices, by effectively combining safe use and appropriate technologies, including biotechnologies, with traditional and Indigenous knowledge, in order to design sustainable farming systems that strengthen the interactions between plants, animals, humans and the environment for food security and nutrition as well as promote the realization of the right to adequate food, enhance productivity, increase adaptive capacity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve nutrition, conserve the natural resource base and attain more sustainable and innovative agrifood systems, Noting with concern the findings contained in the synthesis report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change sixth assessment report, Reaffirming the Paris Agreement7 and its early entry into force, encouraging all its parties to fully implement the Agreement, and parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change8 that have not yet done so to deposit their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, where appropriate, as soon as possible, Seriously concerned about the findings of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, and stressing the urgent need to step up efforts to prevent the loss of biological diversity and the degradation of land and soil and promote efforts for their conservation and their sustainable use, Welcoming the adoption on 19 December 2022 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, at the fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Recalling the adoption of the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns by the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012,9 Taking note with appreciation of the United Nations Conference on the Midterm Comprehensive Review of the Implementation of the Objectives of the International Decade for Action, “Water for Sustainable Development”, 2018–2028, held in New York from 22 to 24 March 2023, and the Sustainable Development Goals Summit held in New York on 18 and 19 September 2023, noting the twenty-seventh session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, from 6 to 20 November 2022, and the adoption of its decision on the Sharm el-Sheikh joint work on the implementation of climate action on agriculture and food security, and looking forward to the twenty- eighth session of the Conference of the Parties, to be held in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, from 30 November to 12 December 2023, Recalling the United Nations strategic plan for forests 2017–2030,10 taking note of the Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use, and acknowledging that forests and trees outside forests provide essential ecosystem services, such as timber, food, fuel, fodder, non-wood products and shelter, as well as soil and water conservation and clean air, and that forests and trees outside forests contribute substantially to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to the conservation of __________________ 7 Adopted under the UNFCCC in FCCC/CP/2015/10/Add.1, decision 1/CP.21. 8 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1771, No. 30822. 9 A/CONF.216/5, annex. 10 See resolution 71/285. A/RES/78/144 Agricultural technology for sustainable development 23-25924 4/11 biodiversity, prevent land degradation and desertification and reduce the risk of floods, landslides and avalanches, droughts, dust and sand storms and other disasters, Taking note with appreciation of the activities of the Technology Bank for the Least Developed Countries since its operationalization, and encouraging continued support to the Bank, Recognizing the rapid evolution in science and technological innovation and digitalization, and that the development and open access to mega data and information will bring about profound changes in agricultural research, agricultural extension and rural development, Stressing the importance of rapid technological change in ensuring food security by 2030, and encouraging the adoption of the most advanced and appropriate information technology in agriculture systems, and calling for enhanced international cooperation to facilitate access and promote investment in research, technology and infrastructure, Recognizing the need to mobilize and scale up financing for science, technology and innovation, especially in developing countries, in support of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 2, Recognizing also that a systems approach to agricultural innovation is essential to ensure that innovations, including technologies and effective approaches, are evidence-based, are aligned towards common objectives, promote collaboration, address problems relevant to farmers, and offer incentives to, and the means to accelerate adoption by, smallholder and family farmers, and that it is essential to enable interactions and knowledge flows among the different stakeholders in agricultural innovation systems, including farmers’ organizations, national agricultural research systems, extension and advisory services, governments, international organizations, the private sector and civil society, Recalling the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Road map for digital cooperation”, presented on 11 June 2020,11 Noting the creation of the Secretary-General’s Scientific Advisory Board for Independent Advice on Breakthroughs in Science and Technology, Stressing the need to support and strengthen information systems and statistical systems for better disaggregated data collection, including sex-disaggregated data, processing and interoperability, which will be key in monitoring progress in the adoption of sustainable agricultural technologies and their impact on improving food security, nutrition and sustainable agriculture, and noting the Committee on World Food Security policy recommendations on strengthening collection and use of food security and nutrition data and related analysis tools to improve decision-making in support of the progressive realization of the right to adequate food in the context of national food security, adopted in October 2023, Emphasizing that participatory research, in conjunction with effective, pluralistic and demand-driven extension and rural advisory services, is critical in order to ensure that agricultural technologies respond to the demands and needs of all farmers, including women, smallholder and family farmers, especially in supporting more efficient, inclusive, equitable, resilient and sustainable agrifood systems that can deliver nutritious food, Recalling the Sendai Declaration and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, adopted at the Third United Nations World Conference on __________________ 11 A/74/821. Agricultural technology for sustainable development A/RES/78/144 5/11 23-25924 Disaster Risk Reduction,12 and the convening of the high-level meeting of the General Assembly on the midterm review of the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030, at United Nations Headquarters in New York on 18 and 19 May 2023, Recalling also the Buenos Aires outcome document of the second High-level United Nations Conference on South-South Cooperation, held in Buenos Aires in March 2019,13 Recalling further all relevant strategies and programmes of action for the least developed countries, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States, including the Doha Programme of Action for Least Developed Countries,14 the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014–202415 and the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway, 16 recalling the Fifth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, held in Doha, looking forward to the convening of the third United Nations Conference on Landlocked Developing Countries, in Kigali in June 2024, and the fourth United Nations Conference on Small Island Developing States, in Antigua and Barbuda in May 2024, reaffirming the importance of supporting Agenda 2063 of the African Union and the programme of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, 17 and recognizing the major challenge to the achievement of durable peace and sustainable development in countries in conflict and post-conflict situations, Noting with great concern the severe negative impact on human health, safety and well-being caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as the severe disruption to societies and economies and the devastating impact on lives and livelihoods, and that the poorest and most vulnerable are the hardest hit by the pandemic, reaffirming the ambition to get back on track to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals by designing and implementing sustainable and inclusive recovery strategies to accelerate progress towards the full implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and to help to reduce the risk of and build resilience to future shocks, crises and pandemics, including by strengthening health systems and achieving universal health coverage, and recognizing that equitable and timely access for all to safe, quality, effective and affordable COVID-19 vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics are an essential part of a global response based on unity, solidarity, renewed multilateral cooperation and the principle of leaving no one behind, Recognizing that the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures taken in response exposed both strengths and vulnerabilities in agrifood systems, the latter of which caused disruptions to both livelihoods and food supply chains, increased the volatility of food prices and constrained access to food, and that sustainable agricultural technologies, alongside other forms of innovation, can contribute to efficient, inclusive, equitable, resilient and sustainable agrifood systems, which promote healthy diets and improved nutrition, Stressing the crucial and equal role of women in the agricultural sector and their contribution to enhancing agricultural and rural development, improving food security and nutrition and eradicating rural poverty, and underlining the fact that meaningful progress in agricultural and agricultural technology development necessitates, inter alia, closing the gender gap, introducing appropriate gender- __________________ 12 Resolution 69/283, annexes I and II. 13 Resolution 73/291, annex. 14 Resolution 76/258, annex. 15 Resolution 69/137, annex I. 16 Resolution 69/15, annex. 17 A/57/304, annex. A/RES/78/144 Agricultural technology for sustainable development 23-25924 6/11 responsive interventions at all stages in agricultural innovation processes, including at the policy level, and ensuring that women have equal access to agricultural technologies, related services and inputs and all necessary productive resources, including tenure rights and access to land, fisheries and forests, as well as to affordable education and training, social services, social protection, health care, health services and financial services, and full, equal and meaningful access to and participation in local, regional and international markets, Recognizing that young people play a significant role in supporting sustainable economic growth and that agricultural technology, innovation and digitalization have an essential role to play in facilitating access to agricultural skills for young women and men, improving the livelihoods of youth, creating quality and decent jobs and contributing to the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, strengthening progress towards achieving the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals, Acknowledging the role and work of civil society, the private sector and academia in furthering progress in developing countries and promoting sustainable agriculture and management practices, including through the use of appropriate agricultural technology, digitalization and the training of smallholder and family farmers, in particular rural women and Indigenous Peoples, and that multi-stakeholder partnerships can contribute to the financing of food security and nutrition as well as sustainable development by mobilizing additional resources through advocacy and innovative funding mechanisms and facilitating the coordinated and targeted use of existing resources, aligning them more effectively with global and national public priorities, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;18 2. Calls upon Member States to include sustainable agricultural development as an integral part of their national policies and strategies, acknowledges the positive impact of international development cooperation, including North-South, triangular and South-South cooperation, as a complement to, not a substitute for, North-South cooperation, and urges the relevant bodies of the United Nations system to include elements of agricultural technology, innovation, research and extension in efforts to realize the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 19 with a focus on the research and development of technology that is affordable, durable and sustainable and that can be easily used by and disseminated to smallholder and family farmers, in particular rural women, young and ageing farmers; 3. Underlines the importance of supporting sustainable agriculture including agroecology and other innovative approaches and advancing research in improving and diversifying crop varieties and seed systems, as well as supporting the establishment of sustainable and resilient agricultural systems, sustainable management practices and the use of new and existing technologies, such as conservation agriculture, integrated soil fertility management, integrated farming systems, animal disease prevention and control and integrated pest management, precision agriculture, irrigation, livestock husbandry and biotechnologies, in order to make agriculture more sustainable and productive, make food more nutritious and, in particular, make crops and farm animals more resistant to diseases, including drug- resistant infections, considering international standards in this regard, pests and environmental stresses, including the impacts of climate change, drought and extreme rainfall events, in accordance with national regulations and relevant international agreements; __________________ 18 A/78/228. 19 Resolution 70/1. Agricultural technology for sustainable development A/RES/78/144 7/11 23-25924 4. Recognizes the important role of family farming and smallholder farming in adapting and developing sustainable, affordable and context-specific innovations and technologies while helping to preserve and promote traditional products, and in contributing to global food security, poverty eradication and sustainability, as well as job creation, and in ending chronic child malnutrition, and in this regard calls upon Member States, academia, the private sector and other relevant stakeholders to adapt agricultural technologies to the needs of small- and medium-scale family farmers and combine them with credit access for sustainable production and significant investment in rural infrastructure as well as the training and education of those who would most benefit from them; 5. Also recognizes that strengthening urban-rural linkages can improve both rural and urban food security and nutrition, and in this regard highlights the need for integrated urban and rural agricultural land planning, improved rural-urban transportation links, food processing and packaging technology and cold chain development to reduce food loss, and for effective trade links across the urban-rural continuum, which will contribute to ensuring that small-scale farmers and fishers are linked to local, subnational, national, regional and global value chains and markets; 6. Requests relevant United Nations organizations, including the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Fund for Agricultural Development and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, to promote, support and facilitate the exchange of experience among Member States through, inter alia, recommendations and other public goods related to ways to promote sustainable agriculture and increase the productivity and adaptive capacity of agriculture and the use of a broad range of agricultural technologies that support more efficient, inclusive, resilient and sustainable agrifood systems, build long-term fertility, healthy and resilient agroecosystems and secure livelihoods and have a positive impact on the entire value chain, including technology for post-harvest crop storage, processing, handling and transportation, including in pressing environmental circumstances; 7. Stresses the importance of indicators that can be used to formulate targeted policies towards the development and adoption of, access to and use of agricultural technology and to measure their impact on the Sustainable Development Goals, and in this regard encourages Member States, in cooperation with all relevant stakeholders, to continue to contribute to the ongoing work of the Statistical Commission on the global indicator framework; 8. Notes the need to analyse the potential impacts of agricultural technologies before their implementation, to ensure that agrifood systems are more inclusive, equitable, efficient, resilient and sustainable that can deliver nutritious food, and that fostering synergies between government departments, research institutions, national and international organizations, alliances and coalitions can accelerate the development and adoption of technologies; 9. Also notes that the development of and access to new technologies should be combined with the preservation and promotion of traditional knowledge, where relevant, to attract Indigenous Peoples and local communities and enable young people to be drivers of more efficient, inclusive, equitable, resilient and sustainable agrifood systems, that investments are needed to improve inclusive digital literacy and build the digital competencies of young rural people, and that relevant and effective policy frameworks and incentives, regulatory measures and economic and legal instruments should be promoted to ensure equity and inclusion in the development of and access to technologies; 10. Stresses the urgent need to enhance adaptive capacity, strengthen resilience and reduce vulnerability to climate change, and urges Member States to A/RES/78/144 Agricultural technology for sustainable development 23-25924 8/11 continue to engage in adaptation planning processes and the implementation of mitigation actions; 11. Also stresses the need to significantly reduce pre-harvest, post-harvest and other food losses and waste throughout the food supply chain through, inter alia, improved production planning, the promotion of resource-efficient production and processing practices, improved processing, preservation and packing technologies, improved transportation and logistics management and enhanced household and business awareness of food losses and waste prevention, to help all actors in the value chain to enjoy greater benefits and to contribute to environmental protection; 12. Recognizes that energy-efficient agrifood systems represent a key component in transitioning to sustainable food and agriculture; 13. Underlines the importance of the sustainable use and management of water resources to increase and contribute to agricultural productivity, calls upon stakeholders to promote integrated water resources management in agriculture and adapt agricultural systems to improve their overall water efficiency and water productivity, and their resilience to water stresses, inter alia, by developing and implementing adaptive water and agricultural strategies and action plans based on a comprehensive approach to the long-term availability and variability of all water sources, reducing water scarcity risks through integrated water resources management options, designing and implementing agricultural and landscape management practices that increase the resilience of agricultural systems to water stress and reduce pollution, making rain-fed agriculture systems a more reliable option, investing in an enabling environment and mobilizing the full set of tools available to them, and calls for further efforts to develop and strengthen irrigation facilities and water-saving technology, which can also enhance resilience to the current and projected adverse impacts of climate change; 14. Calls upon Member States, academia, the private sector and other stakeholders to harness science, technology and innovation, including co-innovation, by promoting coherent and integrated agricultural innovation systems through participatory research, demand-driven extension and rural advisory services and increased, responsible and inclusive public and private investment, building human capacity, encouraging entrepreneurship, creating an enabling economic and institutional environment and strengthening knowledge flows, in particular between scientists and farmers, taking into account local and traditional knowledge systems, in combination with new sources of knowledge; 15. Invites the United Nations system and all relevant stakeholders to consider ways to make available, on mutually agreed terms, data and information relating to agrifood systems, including meteorology, big data, the Internet of things, satellite imagery, early warning systems and other data-based technologies, that could help to build the resilience of smallholder and family farmers, optimize yields and support rural livelihoods; 16. Recognizes that weather forecasting and climate services and products allow farmers to better plan agricultural activities, optimize production, manage climate-related risks and integrate climate change adaptation into their decisions, and therefore encourages governments and meteorological agencies to improve the collection, dissemination and analysis of agrometeorological and agroclimatological data and information; 17. Also recognizes that advanced technologies, such as big data, the Internet of things, artificial intelligence and machine learning, distributed ledgers, remote sensing and geospatial analysis, have the potential to increase agricultural productivity, improve access to markets and efficiency of inputs, and ensure timely Agricultural technology for sustainable development A/RES/78/144 9/11 23-25924 communication for informed decision-making, while acknowledging that this should be examined carefully to maximize benefits and minimize downsides; 18. Further recognizes that sustainable agricultural mechanization can have potential drawbacks but could also help address shortages of labour, ease drudgery, increase incomes, enhance productivity and the timeliness of agricultural activities, promote efficient resource use, enable better market access and attract new investment and talent into agriculture, thereby creating better prospects for sustainable growth and support measures to mitigate climate- and weather-related hazards, and acknowledges that mechanization and digitalization can also create new and higher-paying jobs in agricultural value chains, making it more attractive for youth to stay in rural areas, and in this regard, welcomes the convening of the Global Conference on Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization, organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization, from 27 to 29 September 2023 in Rome; 19. Recognizes the important role of information and communications technology, as well as digitalization and e-agriculture, in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and in improving agricultural productivity, practices and smallholder livelihoods, strengthening agricultural markets and institutions, improving agricultural extension and rural advisory services, empowering farmer communities, keeping farmers and rural entrepreneurs informed about agricultural innovations, weather conditions, input availability, financial services and market prices and connecting them with buyers, and stresses the need to ensure that women and youth and Indigenous Peoples have equitable access to information and communications technology, digitalization and e-agriculture, especially in rural areas, and to close digital divides within and between countries, as well as the gender digital divide, to accelerate the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals; 20. Underlines the instrumental role of agricultural technology, agricultural research and innovation and technology transfer on mutually agreed terms and the sharing of knowledge and practices in furthering sustainable development and in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, calls, therefore, upon Member States, and encourages relevant international bodies, to support sustainable agricultural research and development, emphasizes that research outputs should be appropriate to the needs of and accessible to end users, including governments, water managers, large-scale private sector enterprises and women, smallholder and family farmers, and in this regard calls for continued support to the international agricultural research system, including the research centres of CGIAR and other relevant international organizations and initiatives; 21. Recognizes that agricultural biotechnologies can be harnessed and scaled up to enhance the productivity of agrifood systems, notes with concern that national agricultural research systems in developing countries face barriers such as restricted access, limited funding and regulatory frameworks to use advanced biotechnologies, and in this regard reiterates the need to accelerate the transfer of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries on mutually agreed terms; 22. Notes that, according to World Bank estimates, at least 300 billion United States dollars in investments are needed annually to promote sustainable food systems and that many developing countries, particularly low-income countries, are grappling with multiple crises, including extreme weather disasters, constrained fiscal conditions, and escalating interest rates, making it challenging to finance emergency responses while simultaneously investing in sustainable food systems, and in this regard calls upon Member States to promote a concerted effort to jointly mobilize public and private capital, to achieve high-performing food systems; 23. Urges Member States, relevant United Nations organizations and other stakeholders to strengthen efforts to improve the development of sustainable A/RES/78/144 Agricultural technology for sustainable development 23-25924 10/11 agricultural technologies and their transfer and dissemination on mutually agreed terms to developing countries, especially the least developed countries, in particular at the bilateral and regional levels, and encourages international, regional and national efforts to strengthen capacity and foster the utilization of local know-how in developing countries, especially that of smallholder and family farmers, in particular rural women and youth, in order to enhance agricultural productivity and the nutritional quality of agricultural products, promote sustainable practices in pre-harvest and post-harvest agricultural activities and enhance food security and nutrition-related programmes and policies that take into consideration the specific needs of women, young children and youth, with particular attention to securing the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, strengthening progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals; 24. Recognizes that recovery efforts from the COVID-19 pandemic present an opportunity to promote sustainability and increase resilience of agriculture and food systems to the impact of the pandemic and future crises, including through the use of technology and innovation in all its forms, including digital services that can increase access to financial services for small-scale producers and family farmers, that are gender-responsive, including in rural areas, to address mobility restrictions and bank closures, agricultural extension services, weather and climate services, and online platforms that can enable producers to sell directly to consumers, leading to increased profits, improved supply chain efficiency, reduced wastage and better financial inclusion, leveraging artificial intelligence in supporting sustainable agriculture, which can help to improve the overall harvest quality and accuracy, and calls upon all relevant stakeholders to continue to develop policies, investments and partnerships that help to realize the potential of technologies to transform agriculture and food systems, while tackling the persistent digital divides, including the gender digital divide, in order to build back better and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals; 25. Calls upon Member States and relevant United Nations organizations and other stakeholders to mainstream gender perspectives into agricultural policies and projects and to focus on closing the gender gap by, inter alia, encouraging gender- balanced investments and innovation in small-scale agricultural production and distribution, and a gender-responsive value chain supported by integrated and multisectoral policies, in order to improve women’s productive capacity and incomes, strengthen their resilience and achieve equitable access to all forms of financing, markets and networks, labour-saving technologies and agricultural technology information and know-how, equipment, decision-making forums and associated agricultural resources to ensure that agriculture, food security and nutrition-related programmes and policies take into consideration the specific needs of women and the barriers that women face in accessing agricultural inputs and resources; 26. Encourages Governments to develop and implement youth-focused agricultural development projects and programmes, including through training, education, financial inclusion services, including microcredit services, and capacity- building, including with regard to innovation, in association with the private sector, in order to stimulate the interest and the involvement of youth in sustainable agriculture; 27. Remains concerned that agricultural innovations and technologies often bypass ageing farmers, and in particular ageing women farmers, as many do not possess the financial resources or the skills to adopt new practices, and in this regard stresses the need to strengthen the capacity of ageing farmers through continued access to financial and infrastructure services and training for improved farming techniques and technologies; 28. Acknowledges that technological innovations can be supported by financial innovations and financial support, such as de-risking strategies and blended Agricultural technology for sustainable development A/RES/78/144 11/11 23-25924 finance options, and that blended finance mechanisms are new institutional models that link public and private financing and patient capital with equity investments and promote schemes that more effectively distribute investments to small-scale enterprises and producers; 29. Encourages Member States, civil society and public and private institutions to develop partnerships to support financial and market services, including training, capacity-building, infrastructure and extension and rural advisory services, and calls for further efforts by all stakeholders to include smallholder and family farmers, in particular rural women and youth, in planning and in taking decisions about making appropriate sustainable agricultural technologies and practices accessible and affordable to them, and strengthen the links between community-based initiatives and financial institutions, including through the promotion of financing tools that foster agricultural sustainability; 30. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its eightieth session, within existing resources, an action-oriented report that examines the current technological trends and key advances in agricultural technologies, provides illustrative examples of the transformative use of technologies at scale and includes recommendations that assist Member States in accelerating their efforts to implement the relevant goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda, and decides to include in the provisional agenda of its eightieth session the item entitled “Sustainable development”.
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A/RES/78/191
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2023 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/78/479, para. 34)] 78/191. Use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination The General Assembly, Recalling all of its previous resolutions on the subject, including resolution 77/206 of 15 December 2022, and Human Rights Council resolutions on the subject, including resolution 54/3 of 11 October 2023,1 as well as all resolutions adopted by the Commission on Human Rights in this regard, Recalling also all of its relevant resolutions, in which, inter alia, it condemned any State that permitted or tolerated the recruitment, financing, training, assembly, transit or use of mercenaries with the objective of overthrowing the Governments of States Members of the United Nations, especially those of developing countries, or of fighting against national liberation movements, and recalling further the relevant resolutions and international instruments adopted by the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and the Organization of African Unity, inter alia, the Organization of African Unity Convention for the elimination of mercenarism in Africa,2 as well as by the African Union, Reaffirming the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations concerning the strict observance of the principles of sovereign equality, political independence, the territorial integrity of States, the self-determination of peoples, the non-use of force or of the threat of use of force in international relations and non-interference in affairs within the domestic jurisdiction of States, Reaffirming also that, by virtue of the principle of self-determination, all peoples have the right freely to determine their political status and to pursue their __________________ 1 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-eighth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/78/53/Add.1), chap. III, sect. A. 2 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1490, No. 25573. A/RES/78/191 Use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination 23-26051 2/4 economic, social and cultural development and that every State has the duty to respect this right in accordance with the provisions of the Charter, Deeply concerned at the continuation of acts or threats of foreign military intervention and occupation that are threatening to suppress, or have already suppressed, the right to self-determination of peoples and nations, Reaffirming the Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations,3 Acknowledging with appreciation the work and contributions of the open-ended intergovernmental working group established by the Human Rights Council with the mandate of considering the possibility of elaborating an international regulatory framework, including the option of elaborating a legally binding instrument on the regulation, monitoring and oversight of the activities of private military and security companies, Alarmed and concerned at the danger that the activities of mercenaries constitute to peace and security in developing countries in various parts of the world, in particular in areas of armed conflict, and about the threat they pose to the integrity of and respect for the constitutional order of the affected countries, Deeply concerned at the loss of life, the substantial damage to property and the negative effects on the policies and economies of affected countries resulting from international criminal mercenary activities, Convinced that, notwithstanding the way in which mercenaries or mercenary- related activities are used or the form that they take to acquire some semblance of legitimacy, they are a threat to peace, security and the self-determination of peoples and an obstacle to the enjoyment of all human rights by peoples, 1. Takes note with appreciation of the latest report of the Working Group of the Human Rights Council on the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination;4 2. Reaffirms that the use of mercenaries and their recruitment, financing, protection and training are causes for grave concern to all States and that they violate the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations; 3. Recognizes that armed conflict, terrorism, arms trafficking and covert operations by third Powers encourage, inter alia, the demand for mercenaries on the global market; 4. Urges, once again, all States to take the steps necessary and to exercise the utmost vigilance against the menace posed by the activities of mercenaries and to take legislative measures to ensure that their territories and other territories under their control are not used for, and that their nationals do not take part in, the recruitment, assembly, financing, training, protection or transit of mercenaries for the planning of activities designed to impede the right of peoples to self-determination, to destabilize or overthrow the Government of any State or to dismember or impair, totally or in part, the territorial integrity or political unity of sovereign and independent States conducting themselves in accordance with the right of peoples to self-determination; 5. Requests all States to exercise the utmost vigilance against any kind of recruitment, training, hiring or financing of mercenaries by private companies offering international military consultancy and security services, and to impose a __________________ 3 Resolution 2625 (XXV), annex. 4 A/78/535. Use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination A/RES/78/191 3/4 23-26051 specific ban on such companies intervening in armed conflicts or actions to destabilize constitutional regimes; 6. Encourages States that import military assistance or consultancy and security services provided by private companies to establish national regulatory mechanisms for registering and licensing those companies in order to ensure that the imported services provided by those private companies neither impede the enjoyment of human rights nor violate human rights in the recipient country; 7. Emphasizes its utmost concern about the impact of the activities of private military and security companies on the enjoyment of human rights, in particular when operating in armed conflicts, and notes that private military and security companies and their personnel are rarely held accountable for violations of human rights; 8. Calls upon all States that have not yet done so to consider acceding to or ratifying the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries;5 9. Welcomes the cooperation extended by those countries that have received a visit by the Working Group on the use of mercenaries since the establishment of its mandate and the adoption by some States of national legislation that restricts the recruitment, assembly, financing, training and transit of mercenaries; 10. Condemns recent mercenary activities in developing countries in various parts of the world, in particular in areas of conflict, and the threat they pose to the integrity of and respect for the constitutional order of those countries and the exercise of the right of their peoples to self-determination, and stresses the importance for the Working Group on the use of mercenaries of looking into sources and root causes, as well as the political motivations of mercenaries and for mercenary-related activities; 11. Calls upon States to investigate the possibility of mercenary involvement whenever and wherever criminal acts of a terrorist nature occur and to bring to trial those found responsible or to consider their extradition, if so requested, in accordance with national law and applicable bilateral or international treaties; 12. Condemns any form of impunity granted to perpetrators of mercenary activities and to those responsible for the use, recruitment, financing and training of mercenaries, and urges all States, in accordance with their obligations under international law, to bring them, without distinction, to justice; 13. Calls upon Member States, in accordance with their obligations under international law, to cooperate with and assist the judicial prosecution of those accused of mercenary activities in transparent, open and fair trials; 14. Requests the Working Group on the use of mercenaries and other experts to continue their participation, including by submitting contributions, in other subsidiary bodies of the Human Rights Council considering issues related to the use of mercenaries and mercenary-related activities in all their forms and manifestations, including private military and security companies; 15. Requests the Working Group on the use of mercenaries to continue its work with respect to the strengthening of the international legal framework for the prevention and sanction of the recruitment, use, financing and training of mercenaries, taking into account the proposal for a new legal definition of a mercenary drafted by the Special Rapporteur on the use of mercenaries as a means of impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination in his report __________________ 5 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2163, No. 37789. A/RES/78/191 Use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination 23-26051 4/4 submitted to the Commission on Human Rights at its sixtieth session 6 and the evolving phenomenon of mercenaries and its related forms; 16. Also requests the Working Group on the use of mercenaries to continue to study and identify sources and causes, emerging issues, manifestations and trends regarding mercenaries or mercenary-related activities and private military and security companies and their impact on human rights, particularly on the right of peoples to self-determination; 17. Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, as a matter of priority, to publicize the adverse effects of the activities of mercenaries on the right of peoples to self-determination and, when requested and where necessary, to render advisory services to States that are affected by those activities; 18. Recommends that all Member States, including those confronted with the phenomenon of private military and security companies, as contracting States, States of operations, home States or States whose nationals are employed to work for a private military and security company, contribute to the work of the open-ended intergovernmental working group, taking into account the initial work done by the Working Group on the use of mercenaries; 19. Urges all States to cooperate fully with the Working Group on the use of mercenaries in the fulfilment of its mandate; 20. Requests the Secretary-General and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide the Working Group on the use of mercenaries with all the assistance and support necessary for the fulfilment of its mandate, both professional and financial, including through the promotion of cooperation between the Working Group and other components of the United Nations system that deal with countering mercenary-related activities, in order to meet the demands of its current and future activities; 21. Requests the Working Group on the use of mercenaries to consult States and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations on the implementation of the present resolution and to report, with specific recommendations, to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session its findings on the use of mercenaries to undermine the enjoyment of all human rights and to impede the exercise of the right of peoples to self-determination; 22. Decides to consider the question of the use of mercenaries as a means of violating human rights and impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to self- determination at its seventy-ninth session under the item entitled “Right of peoples to self-determination”. 50th plenary meeting 19 December 2023 __________________ 6 See E/CN.4/2004/15, para. 47.
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A/RES/78/20
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2023 [on the report of the First Committee (A/78/407, para. 15)] 78/20. Reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 75/36 of 7 December 2020 and 76/231 of 24 December 2021, Recalling also its resolutions 68/50 of 5 December 2013, 77/40, 77/41 and 77/42 of 7 December 2022 and 77/250 of 30 December 2022, Reaffirming the applicability of international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, to outer space activities and the right of all States to explore and use outer space without discrimination of any kind, on a basis of equality and in accordance with such law, and emphasizing the importance of full compliance with such law, Reaffirming also the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies,1 and the obligations therein to explore and use outer space for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, to be guided by the principle of cooperation and mutual assistance, and to conduct all activities in outer space with due regard for the corresponding interests of all States parties to the Treaty, Emphasizing the need to maintain outer space as a peaceful, safe, stable, secure and sustainable environment for the benefit of all and the significant contribution of outer space activities to social, economic, scientific and technological development, as well as to international peace and security, __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 610, No. 8843. A/RES/78/20 Reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours 23-24507 2/4 Urging all States, when developing, planning and executing their space activities, to remain committed to the peaceful exploration and use of outer space and to refrain from conducting activities contrary to their obligations under international law, including those that could threaten the ability of all States to freely use and explore outer space, now and in the future, Seriously concerned about the possibility of an arms race in outer space, and reaffirming that the prevention of an arms race in outer space would avert a grave danger for international peace and security, as well as being an essential condition for the promotion and strengthening of international cooperation in the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes, Stressing that the deliberate destruction of space systems increases the amount of long-lived orbital debris, the risk of in-orbit collisions and the potential for misunderstanding and miscalculations that could lead to conflict, and welcoming the commitment of several States not to conduct destructive direct-ascent anti-satellite missile tests, Noting the rapid advances of technologies in space systems, the uses of which are diverse and could have positive or negative effects on international security, and encouraging further discussion among States of the impact of these developments, Recognizing the need for States to seek to avoid and mitigate the potential impact on peace and security arising from accidents, miscommunication or a lack of transparency, which could lead to miscalculations and the escalation of tensions and contribute to an arms race, Acknowledging the importance of space systems in the provision of services critical to civilians, and concerned at the risk of harm arising from threats to these systems, Recalling paragraph 80 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly,2 in which it is stated that, in order to prevent an arms race in outer space, further measures should be taken and appropriate international negotiations held in accordance with the spirit of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, Convinced that possible solutions to outer space security, including norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours, can involve a combination of legally binding obligations and political commitments, and that work in both of these areas can be further pursued in a progressive, sustained and complementary manner, without undermining existing legal obligations, Recognizing that efforts to prevent an arms race and to prevent conflict from beginning in or extending into outer space must include consideration of the use of all potential technologies and means, whether on Earth or in outer space, Reiterating the common objective of preventing an arms race in outer space in all its aspects and the consequent need for all States to work together to reduce threats to space systems through the further development and implementation of norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours, including an appropriate combination of both political commitments and legally binding instruments, with the aim of preventing an arms race in outer space in all its aspects and of maintaining a peaceful, safe, stable, secure and sustainable outer space environment, __________________ 2 Resolution S-10/2. Reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours A/RES/78/20 3/4 23-24507 Reaffirming that verification is one of the essential components of legally binding arms control instruments, and encouraging further consideration of effective verification regarding space systems, Recalling the primary role of the Conference on Disarmament on questions relating to the prevention of an arms race in outer space in all its aspects, including the weaponization of outer space and threats from capabilities on Earth, and the relevant responsibilities of the First Committee of the General Assembly and the Disarmament Commission, Welcoming the ongoing work by the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space on the implementation of the 21 Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities,3 which may have a positive effect on international peace and security, Welcoming also the recommendations to promote the practical implementation of transparency and confidence-building measures in outer space with the goal of preventing an arms race in outer space in accordance with the recommendations set out in the report of the Group of Governmental Experts on Transparency and Confidence- Building Measures in Outer Space Activities adopted by the Disarmament Commission at its substantive session of 2023,4 Recognizing the importance of the full, equal, meaningful and effective participation of women and men in discussions on reducing space threats through responsible behaviours and the need to address the possible differentiated impacts of such threats, 1. Reaffirms that all States must conduct their activities in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, in conformity with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, urges Member States to ensure that their space policies comply with their obligations, and encourages those States that have not yet become parties to the international treaties governing the exploration and use of outer space to give consideration to ratifying or acceding to them in accordance with their national law; 2. Welcomes the deliberations held in 2022 and 2023 by the open-ended working group on reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours established by the General Assembly in its resolution 76/231, which, together with the working papers and presentations submitted to the Assembly, constitute an important contribution to outer space security and the prevention of an arms race in outer space; 3. Expresses its appreciation to the participants of the open-ended working group for their constructive contribution to its work; 4. Decides to convene, in Geneva, a new open-ended working group, building on the work of the 2022–2023 open-ended working group and other relevant bodies, including the Group of Government Experts established in its resolution 77/250, and the existing international legal framework, including principles of international law, to further elaborate the concept, and to make recommendations on the prevention of an arms race in outer space through the development of norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours, including, but not exclusively, in the following areas: (a) Intentional damage to and destruction of space systems; __________________ 3 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fourth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/74/20), annex II. 4 Ibid., Seventy-eighth Session, Supplement No. 42 (A/78/42), annex. A/RES/78/20 Reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours 23-24507 4/4 (b) Threats to the safe operation of space objects; (c) Rendezvous operations and proximity operations that could increase the risk of misunderstanding and miscalculation; (d) Protecting critical space-based services to civilians as well as services that support humanitarian operations; (e) Other activities and measures that could reduce the risk of unintended escalation and conflict; and to consider how the implementation of norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours could be monitored and verified, including through the provision of capacity-building, cooperation on space situational awareness and the possible establishment of a mechanism for inter-State coordination and consultation on matters pertaining to space security, and how they would contribute to the negotiation of legally binding instruments, including on the prevention of an arms race in outer space; 5. Also decides that the open-ended working group shall submit its report to the General Assembly at its eighty-first session, and that it shall adopt its final conclusions and recommendations by consensus; 6. Further decides that the open-ended working group shall hold a two-day organizational session and two substantive sessions of five days each in 2025, and two substantive sessions of five days each in 2026, and that the Chair may also hold intersessional consultative meetings with interested parties to exchange views on the issues within the mandate of the open-ended working group; 7. Reaffirms that intergovernmental organizations and other entities having received a standing invitation to participate as observers in the work of the General Assembly and representatives of non-governmental organizations that are in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council, in accordance with Council resolution 1996/31 of 25 July 1996, may participate, including by speaking and submitting documents, in the formal and informal meetings of the open-ended working group as observers; 8. Requests the Chair of the open-ended working group to draw up a list of representatives of other relevant non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, academic institutions and the private sector who may participate, including by speaking and submitting documents, in the open-ended working group, taking into account the principles of transparency and equitable geographical representation, with due regard for gender parity, to submit the proposed list to Member States for their consideration on a non-objection basis5 and to bring the list to the attention of the open-ended working group for a final decision by the open- ended working group on participation; 9. Requests the Secretary-General to provide all necessary assistance to the open-ended working group and its Chair and to transmit its report to the Conference on Disarmament and the Disarmament Commission; 10. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session, under the item entitled “Prevention of an arms race in outer space”, the sub-item entitled “Reducing space threats through norms, rules and principles of responsible behaviours”. 42nd plenary meeting 4 December 2023 __________________ 5 The list will include proposed as well as final names. The general basis of any objections, if requested by one or more States Members of the United Nations, will be made known to the Chair of the open-ended working group, the Office for Disarmament Affairs of the Secretariat and the requester.
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A/RES/78/208
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2023 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/78/481/Add.2, para. 139)] 78/208. Strengthening the role of the United Nations in the promotion of democratization and enhancing periodic and genuine elections The General Assembly, Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming that democracy is a universal value based on the freely expressed will of the people to determine their own political, economic, social and cultural systems and their full participation in all aspects of their lives, Reaffirming also that, while democracies share common features, there is no single model of democracy and that democracy does not belong to any country or region, and reaffirming further the necessity of due respect for sovereignty and the right to self-determination, Stressing that democracy, development, rule of law and respect for all human rights and fundamental freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing, Acknowledging also that respecting human rights, protecting democratic institutions and principles and promoting the rule of law creates an environment in which countries can promote development, protect individuals from discrimination and ensure equal access to justice for all by involving Governments, parliaments, the United Nations system and other international organizations, local authorities, national human rights institutions, indigenous peoples, persons belonging to minorities, human rights defenders, civil society, businesses and the private sector, the scientific and academic communities, and all other interested stakeholders, Reaffirming that Member States are responsible for organizing, conducting and ensuring transparent, free and fair electoral processes inclusive of all citizens, A/RES/78/208 Strengthening the role of the United Nations in the promotion of democratization and enhancing periodic and genuine elections 23-26020 2/9 including those who are marginalized and underrepresented, as well as those belonging to minorities, and that Member States, in the exercise of their sovereignty, may request international organizations to provide advisory services or assistance for strengthening and developing their electoral institutions and processes, including sending preliminary missions for that purpose, Recognizing the importance of fair, periodic, inclusive and genuine elections, including in nascent democracies and countries undergoing democratization, in order to empower citizens to express their will and to promote a successful transition to long-term sustainable democracies, Recognizing also that Member States are responsible for ensuring transparent, free and fair elections, free of intimidation, coercion and tampering with vote counts, and that all such acts are sanctioned accordingly, Reaffirming the importance of protecting the integrity of electoral processes as a means to promote democracy and good governance and reinforce trust in public institutions, including through providing public and technical support, upon request and in line with the purposes and principles of the Charter, to help to ensure periodic, free and fair elections through an inclusive and genuine process, Highlighting the importance of including women in all their diversity on an equal basis in election processes that are free from discrimination and allow for their full, equal and meaningful participation, allowing for gender-responsive political institutions and the creation of more inclusive societies, Emphasizing that Member States are responsible for respecting the will of the voters as expressed through genuine, periodic, free and fair elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage, and in this respect expressing serious concern about the unconstitutional or unlawful disruption of representative governance and democratic institutions and the unlawful removal of any democratically elected officials, whether by States or non-State actors, Recalling its previous resolutions on the subject, in particular resolution 76/176 of 16 December 2021, Recalling also all relevant Human Rights Council resolutions on the topic, including resolutions 19/11 of 22 March 2012,1 31/14 of 23 March 2016,2 31/37 of 24 March 2016,3 33/22 of 30 September 2016,4 34/41 of 24 March 2017,5 39/11 of 28 September 2018,6 48/2 of 7 October 2021,7 51/5 of 6 October 2022,8 50/21 of 8 July 2022,9 52/22 of 3 April 202310 and 50/17 of 8 July 2022,11 Reaffirming that United Nations electoral assistance and support for the promotion of democratization are provided only at the specific request of the Member State concerned, Noting with satisfaction that an increasing number of Member States are using elections as a peaceful means of discerning the will of the people, which builds __________________ 1 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-seventh Session, Supplement No. 53 and corrigendum (A/67/53 and A/67/53/Corr.1), chap. III, sect. A. 2 Ibid., Seventy-first Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/71/53), chap. IV, sect. A. 3 Ibid. 4 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A and corrigendum (A/71/53/Add.1 and A/71/53/Add.1/Corr.1), chap. II. 5 Ibid., Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/72/53), chap. IV, sect. A. 6 Ibid., Seventy-third Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/73/53/Add.1), chap. III. 7 Ibid., Seventy-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/76/53/Add.1), chap. IV, sect. A. 8 Ibid., Seventy-seventh Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/77/53/Add.1), chap. VIII, sect. A. 9 Ibid., Supplement No. 53 (A/77/53), chap. III, sect. A. 10 Ibid., Seventy-eighth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/78/53), chap. V, sect. A. 11 Ibid., Seventy-seventh Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/77/53), chap. VIII, sect. A. Strengthening the role of the United Nations in the promotion of democratization and enhancing periodic and genuine elections A/RES/78/208 3/9 23-26020 confidence in representational governance and contributes to greater national peace and stability, and which may contribute to regional peace and stability, Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on 10 December 1948,12 in particular the principle that the will of the people, as expressed through periodic and genuine elections, shall be the basis of government authority, as well as the right of everyone to freely choose representatives through periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures, Reaffirming the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 13 the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,14 the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 15 and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 16 and reaffirming also that no distinctions are permitted among citizens on any grounds, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, or on the basis of disability, in the enjoyment of the right to participate, directly or through freely chosen representatives, and to vote and to be elected in genuine periodic elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors, Reaffirming also that the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the national and international levels should be universal and conducted without conditions attached and that the international community should support the strengthening and promotion of democracy, development and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and the principles of the rule of law in the entire world,17 Underscoring the important role that regional and subregional organizations play, in accordance with the Charter, in the areas of peace and security, development and human rights,18 and recalling their commitments to supporting the principles of free and fair elections, Reaffirming that the full, equal and meaningful participation and representation of all women, on equal terms with men, at all levels of decision-making is essential to the achievement of gender equality, social inclusion, sustainable development, peace and democracy, as well as for the realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, Recognizing that unpaid care and domestic work remains invisible, undervalued and unaccounted for in national statistics, and neglected in economic and social policymaking, and that women and girls, including adolescent girls, undertake a disproportionate share of unpaid care and domestic work from one generation to the next, and that these disproportionate impacts compound existing obstacles to women’s full, effective, equal and meaningful participation and decision-making in public life, Mindful that women continue to account for only one quarter of national legislators worldwide, and highlighting the importance of all women’s full, equal and meaningful participation, including women with disabilities, and representation in __________________ 12 Resolution 217 A (III). 13 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 14 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1249, No. 20378. 15 Ibid., vol. 660, No. 9464. 16 Ibid., vol. 2515, No. 44910. 17 A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III, para. 8. 18 Resolution 69/277, para. 2. A/RES/78/208 Strengthening the role of the United Nations in the promotion of democratization and enhancing periodic and genuine elections 23-26020 4/9 parliaments, including in leadership positions, and the importance for parliaments to mainstream a gender perspective in their work, Emphasizing the role of all women in decision-making and leadership positions through broad political engagement and full, effective, equal and meaningful participation and representation across all political, economic and public dimensions of a society is essential to a strong democracy, Noting such inclusion will further contribute to the prevention and resolution of armed conflict, the success of peace mediation, peacebuilding processes, post-conflict reconstruction and sustainable global security while simultaneously advancing Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) and the women, peace and security agenda, Mindful that the full, equal and meaningful participation of all women in political and public life may only be achieved when all acts of sexual and gender- based violence including conflict-related sexual violence, and sexual harassment both online and offline, are effectively combated, Underlining the importance of primary birth registration for the enjoyment of all the rights to which individuals are entitled, including civil and political rights and with respect to political participation, Recognizing that in order to equally participate in free and fair elections, all women need not only the legal right to vote but the ability to access polling stations and elections information freely, and that Member States should include the perspectives of women in diverse conditions and situations in designing, evaluating and reviewing policies and legislation on participation in political and public affairs, Noting the importance of providing comprehensive, accessible and free civic education for all people, including all women and girls, as well as electoral information and voting papers, to all having the right to participate in elections, in a range of accessible formats and languages, as appropriate, empowering thus all citizens having the right to participate in elections, Stressing the importance, generally and in the context of promoting free, fair and inclusive elections, of respect for the freedoms of peaceful assembly and association and expression, including the freedom to seek, receive and impart information, in accordance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and noting in particular the fundamental importance of access to information and media freedom, including through accessible and easy-to-understand formats for new information and communications technologies, Recognizing the potential of online communication tools to promote freedom of expression and expand political participation, as well as to empower persons who belong to underrepresented groups and those who are marginalized, including but not limited to groups mentioned in the report of the Secretary-General on strengthening the role of the United Nations in enhancing periodic and genuine elections and the promotion of democratization,19 and urging States to create and maintain, in law and in practice, a safe and enabling environment for journalists to perform their work independently and without undue interference, Recognizing also that social media platforms are now well-established channels for the free expression of ideas and opinions and that they can be effective tools for participation and inclusion as part of the political process, and recognizing further that misinformation and disinformation disrupts the ability of the electorate to make informed decisions, __________________ 19 A/78/260. Strengthening the role of the United Nations in the promotion of democratization and enhancing periodic and genuine elections A/RES/78/208 5/9 23-26020 Expressing deep concern that the increasing prevalence and spread of disinformation by both internal and external actors on traditional and social media, as well as efforts to manipulate voting systems and the use of Internet and mass media shutdowns to intentionally and arbitrarily prevent or disrupt access to or dissemination of information online in the framework of elections, constitute an urgent problem for democracies around the world, Recognizing that the spread of hate speech through online platforms is increasingly directed at political figures, disproportionately targeted at women and members of minority groups, causes serious harm to those affected and can have a damaging impact on electoral processes, Emphasizing that democracy, transparent, responsible, accountable and participatory governance responsive to the needs and aspirations of the people, and respect for human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law are essential for the effective prevention and elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, Acknowledging the linkage and complementarity of the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance with the long-term construction of a democratic, non-discriminatory and multicultural society based on the recognition, respect and promotion of cultural, ethnic and religious diversity, Noting that some countries are beginning to use online technology for balloting purposes, and reaffirming the right to privacy, according to which no one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with their privacy, family, home or correspondence, and the right to the protection of the law against such interference, as set out in article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and that the same rights that people have offline must also be protected online, Recognizing the need to strengthen democratic processes, electoral institutions and national capacity-building in requesting countries, including the capacity to administer fair elections, promote voter education, the development of electoral expertise and technology and the full, equal and meaningful participation of all women on equal terms with men, take all appropriate measures to ensure the full, equal and meaningful participation of all persons with disabilities on an equal basis with others, increase citizen participation and provide civic education, including to youth, in requesting countries in order to consolidate and regularize the achievements of previous elections and support subsequent elections, Noting the importance of ensuring orderly, open, fair and transparent democratic processes that protect the rights to peaceful assembly, association and freedom of expression and opinion, Emphasizing that free, independent and pluralistic media can play an indispensable role in informing people around the world, and stressing the important connections between free and fair elections, freedom of expression and a free and independent press that can operate without hindrance as cornerstones of democracy, Emphasizing also that the right to freedom of expression, as set forth in article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, includes the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, both online and offline, and that access to information and the work of journalists and media workers are essential for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Expressing concern at the growing threats to freedom of expression and media freedom worldwide, including harassment, attacks and unlawful detention of A/RES/78/208 Strengthening the role of the United Nations in the promotion of democratization and enhancing periodic and genuine elections 23-26020 6/9 journalists and media workers, while recognizing their crucial role in the context of elections, including informing the public about candidates, their platforms and ongoing debates, and expressing serious concerns that attacks against journalists increase during election periods, Noting that the international community can contribute to the creation of conditions that could foster stability and security throughout the pre-election, election and post-election periods in transitional and post-conflict situations, Reiterating that transparency is a fundamental basis for free and fair elections, which contribute to the accountability of Governments to their citizens, which, in turn, is an underpinning of democratic societies, Acknowledging, in this regard, the importance of national and international observation of elections for the promotion of free and fair elections and its contribution to enhancing the integrity of election processes in requesting countries, to promoting public confidence and electoral participation and to mitigating the potential for election-related disturbances, Acknowledging also that extending invitations regarding international electoral assistance and/or observation is the sovereign right of Member States, and welcoming the decisions of those States that have requested such assistance and/or observation, Recalling its resolution 60/1 of 16 September 2005, entitled “2005 World Summit Outcome”, in which it welcomed the establishment by the Secretary-General of the United Nations Democracy Fund, Welcoming the support provided by Member States to the electoral assistance activities of the United Nations, inter alia, through the provision of electoral experts, including electoral commission staff, and observers, as well as through contributions to the United Nations trust fund for electoral assistance, the democratic governance thematic trust fund of the United Nations Development Programme and the United Nations Democracy Fund, Recognizing that electoral assistance, particularly through appropriate, sustainable, accessible and cost-effective electoral technology, can facilitate full access for persons with disabilities and supports the electoral processes of developing countries, Recognizing also the coordination challenges posed by the multiplicity of actors involved in electoral assistance both within and outside the United Nations, Welcoming the contributions made by international and regional organizations and also by non-governmental organizations to enhancing the effectiveness of the principle of periodic and genuine elections and the promotion of democratization, and stressing the importance of fostering enabling environments in which civil society organizations, human rights defenders, peacebuilders and journalists and media workers can operate freely and safely, both online and offline, thereby increasing the ability of individuals to take part in elections and election monitoring, Recognizing the importance of the links between democracy, sustainable, social and economic development, the reduction of inequalities, peace, human rights, the rule of law, democracy and good governance, including the holding of free and fair elections, and in this regard recalling the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,20 Bearing in mind that measures necessary to deal with situations of health emergencies and pandemics, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, can __________________ 20 Resolution 70/1. Strengthening the role of the United Nations in the promotion of democratization and enhancing periodic and genuine elections A/RES/78/208 7/9 23-26020 have a considerable impact on public participation, including through restrictions on the rights to freedom of expression, to peaceful assembly and freedom of association, and on access to information, affecting particularly the work of the media and civil society, including women’s rights organizations and organizations of persons with disabilities, and direct participation in decision-making and leading to restrictions in the context of electoral processes, 1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General on strengthening the role of the United Nations in enhancing periodic and genuine elections and the promotion of democratization; 2. Commends the electoral assistance provided upon request to Member States by the United Nations, and requests that such assistance continue on a case-by- case basis in accordance with the evolving needs and legislation of requesting countries to develop, improve and refine their electoral institutions and processes, including by ensuring full access to all stages of the electoral process for persons with disabilities, recognizing that the responsibility for organizing free and fair elections lies with Governments; 3. Reaffirms that the electoral assistance provided by the United Nations should continue to be carried out in an objective, impartial, neutral and independent manner; 4. Requests the Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, in her role as United Nations focal point for electoral assistance matters, to continue to regularly inform Member States about the requests received and the nature of any assistance provided; 5. Requests the United Nations to continue its efforts to ensure, before undertaking to provide electoral assistance to a requesting State, that there is adequate time to organize and carry out an effective mission providing such assistance, including the provision of long-term technical cooperation, that conditions exist to allow a free and fair election and that the results of the mission will be reported comprehensively and consistently; 6. Notes the importance of adequate resources for the administration of efficient and transparent elections at the national and local levels, and recommends that Member States provide adequate resources for those elections, including by considering the possibility of establishing internal funding, where feasible; 7. Reaffirms the obligation of all States to take all appropriate measures to ensure that every citizen has the effective right and opportunity to participate in elections on an equal basis, and calls upon States to take measures to eliminate laws, regulations and practices that discriminate, directly or indirectly, against citizens in their right to participate in public affairs, including based on race, colour, ethnicity, national or social origin, sex, sexual orientation and gender identity, language, religion, political views or on the basis of disability; 8. Strongly condemns any manipulation of election processes, coercion and tampering with vote counts, particularly when done by States, as well as by other actors, and calls upon all Member States to respect the rule of law and the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all persons, including the right to vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors, thereby fostering conditions in which all citizens, regardless of how they voted, whom they supported or whether their candidates prevailed, have the motivation and incentive, as well as the right and opportunity, to continue to participate directly or through elected representatives in the conduct of public affairs and their Government; A/RES/78/208 Strengthening the role of the United Nations in the promotion of democratization and enhancing periodic and genuine elections 23-26020 8/9 9. Reaffirms the need for all Member States to respect and protect the right to freedom of expression, including through creating an environment where a free and independent press can flourish and where journalists and media workers can keep citizens informed at all stages of elections about candidates, parties and their political platforms, both online and offline, in order to promote transparency and information integrity, including by countering disinformation and misinformation, and to this end also strongly condemns any attempts to harass, intimidate, attack or arbitrarily detain journalists and media workers; 10. Calls upon all Member States to ensure that persons with disabilities can effectively and fully participate in political and public life on an equal basis with others, directly or through freely chosen representatives, including the right and opportunity for persons with disabilities to vote and to be elected; 11. Also calls upon all Member States to consider ways to increase the representation of all youth in decision-making at all levels in local, national, regional and international institutions and mechanisms, to promote the constructive political engagement of youth and to consider, explore and promote new avenues for the full, effective, structured and sustained participation of youth and youth-led organizations in relevant decision-making processes; 12. Further calls upon all Member States to enhance the political participation of all women, accelerate the achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls in all situations, including by taking measures to reduce and redistribute women’s and girls’ disproportionate share of unpaid care and domestic work, promote and protect the human rights of women with respect to voting in elections and public referendums and being eligible for election to publicly elected bodies on equal terms with men at all levels of government by further inclusion and by measures to prevent and respond to and condemn all forms of sexual and gender- based violence, both online and offline; 13. Recommends that, throughout the timespan of the entire electoral cycle, including before and after elections, as appropriate, on the basis of a needs assessment and in accordance with the evolving needs of requesting Member States, bearing in mind sustainability and cost-effectiveness, the United Nations continue to provide technical advice and other assistance to requesting States and electoral institutions in order to help to strengthen their democratic processes, also bearing in mind that the relevant office may provide additional assistance in the form of mediation and good offices, upon the request of Member States; 14. Notes with appreciation the additional efforts being made to enhance cooperation with other international, governmental and non-governmental organizations in order to facilitate more comprehensive and needs-specific responses to requests for electoral assistance, encourages those organizations to share knowledge and experience in order to promote best practices in the assistance that they provide and in their reporting on electoral processes, and expresses its appreciation to those Member States, regional organizations and non-governmental organizations that have provided observers or technical experts in support of United Nations electoral assistance efforts; 15. Acknowledges the aim of harmonizing the methods and standards of the many intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations engaged in observing elections, and in this regard expresses appreciation for the Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation and the Code of Conduct for International Election Observers, which elaborate guidelines for international electoral observation; 16. Recalls the establishment by the Secretary-General of the United Nations trust fund for electoral assistance, and, bearing in mind that the fund is currently close to depletion, calls upon Member States to consider contributing to the fund; Strengthening the role of the United Nations in the promotion of democratization and enhancing periodic and genuine elections A/RES/78/208 9/9 23-26020 17. Encourages the Secretary-General, through the United Nations focal point for electoral assistance matters and with the support of the Electoral Assistance Division of the Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs of the Secretariat, to continue to respond to the evolving nature of requests for assistance and the growing need for specific types of medium-term expert assistance aimed at supporting and strengthening the existing capacity of the requesting Government, in particular by enhancing the capacity of national electoral institutions; 18. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the Electoral Assistance Division with adequate human and financial resources to allow it to carry out its mandate, including to enhance the accessibility and diversity of the roster of electoral experts and the electoral institutional memory of the Organization, and to continue to ensure that the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights is able to respond, within its mandate and in close coordination with the Division, to the numerous and increasingly complex and comprehensive requests from Member States for advisory services; 19. Reiterates the need for ongoing comprehensive coordination, under the auspices of the United Nations focal point for electoral assistance matters, between the Electoral Assistance Division, the United Nations Development Programme, the Department of Peace Operations and the Department of Operational Support of the Secretariat and the Office of the High Commissioner to ensure coordination and coherence and avoid duplication of United Nations electoral assistance; 20. Requests the United Nations Development Programme to continue its democratic governance assistance programmes in cooperation with other relevant organizations, in particular those that promote the strengthening of democratic institutions and linkages between civil society and Governments; 21. Reiterates the role of civil society, human rights defenders, peacebuilders, as well as journalists and media workers, and the importance of their active engagement in the promotion of democratization, and invites Member States to facilitate the full, effective, equal and meaningful participation of civil society in electoral processes; 22. Also reiterates the importance of reinforced coordination within and outside the United Nations system, and reaffirms the clear leadership role within the United Nations system of the United Nations focal point for electoral assistance matters, including in ensuring system-wide coherence and consistency and in strengthening the institutional memory and the development, dissemination and issuance of United Nations electoral assistance policies; 23. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its eightieth session on the implementation of the present resolution, in particular on the status of requests from Member States for electoral assistance, and on his efforts to enhance support by the Organization for the democratization process in Member States; 24. Underlines the importance of public participation, with an increasing number of channels for engagement moving online, posing obstacles for those segments of the population who have limited or no Internet access or who face other barriers to digital inclusion, such as the affordability of the Internet, and encourages States to ensure that all stakeholders, including women and girls, persons living in rural communities and persons with disabilities, have access to timely and accurate information and are fully involved in decisions that affect them.
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A/RES/78/234
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2023 [on the report of the Third Committee (A/78/478, para. 33)] 78/234. A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action The General Assembly, Recalling all its previous resolutions on the comprehensive follow-up to the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Conference,1 in particular its resolutions 66/144 of 19 December 2011, 67/155 of 20 December 2012, 76/226 of 24 December 2021 and 77/205 of 15 December 2022, as well as its resolutions 75/314 of 2 August 2021 and 76/1 of 22 September 2021, and in this regard underlining the imperative need for their full and effective implementation, Recalling also the suffering of the victims of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, and the need to honour their memory, Calling upon States to honour the memory of victims of the historical injustices of slavery, the slave trade, including the transatlantic slave trade, colonialism and apartheid, Stressing that the outcome of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance has the same status as the outcomes of all the major United Nations conferences, summits and special sessions in the human rights and social fields, and that the Durban Declaration and Programme __________________ 1 See A/CONF.189/12 and A/CONF.189/12/Corr.1, chap. I. A/RES/78/234 A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 23-26238 2/11 of Action remains a solid basis and the only instructive outcome of the World Conference, which prescribes comprehensive measures for combating all the scourges of racism and adequate remedies for victims, and noting with concern the lack of effective implementation thereof, Expressing deep concern at emerging obstacles to the enjoyment of the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief 2 and at instances of intolerance, discrimination, incitement to violence and violence against persons based on religion or belief, inter alia, the increasing number of related acts of violence, and recalling that the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action calls upon States, in opposing all forms of racism, to recognize the need to counter antisemitism, anti-Arabism and Islamophobia worldwide, Alarmed at the global rise in hate speech, constituting incitement to racial discrimination, hostility and violence, stressing the importance of addressing it, in accordance with international law, and in this regard welcoming the observance of 18 June as the International Day for Countering Hate Speech 3 and noting the issuance of the United Nations Guidance Note on Addressing and Countering COVID-19- related Hate Speech on 11 May 2020, Underlining the need to promote tolerance, inclusion and respect for diversity and the need to seek common ground among and within civilizations in order to address common challenges to humanity that threaten shared values, universal human rights and the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, through cooperation, partnership and inclusion, Alarmed at the spread in many parts of the world of various racist extremist movements based on ideologies that seek to promote nationalist, right-wing agendas and racial superiority, and stressing that these practices fuel racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, Deploring the ongoing and resurgent scourges of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance in many regions of the world, often targeting migrants and refugees, as well as people of African descent, expressing concern that some political leaders and parties have supported such an environment, and in this context expressing its support for migrants and refugees in the context of the severe discrimination that they may face, Reaffirming the necessity of eliminating racial discrimination against migrants, including migrant workers, in relation to issues such as employment, social services, including education and health, and access to justice, and that their treatment must be in accordance with international human rights instruments and free from racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, Deploring the recent incidents of excessive use of force and other human rights violations by law enforcement officers against peaceful demonstrators defending the rights of Africans and of people of African descent, and recalling Human Rights Council resolutions 44/20 of 17 July 2020, 4 47/21 of 13 July 2021, 5 48/18 of 11 October 2021,6 51/32 of 7 October 20227 and 54/27 of 12 October 2023,8 __________________ 2 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, art. 18 (see resolution 217 A (III)). 3 Resolution 75/309. 4 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-fifth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/75/53), chap. V, sect. A. 5 Ibid., Seventy-sixth Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/76/53), chap. VII, sect. A. 6 Ibid., Supplement No. 53A (A/76/53/Add.1), chap. IV, sect. A. 7 Ibid., Seventy-seventh Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/77/53/Add.1), chap. III, sect. A. 8 Ibid., Seventy-eighth Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/78/53/Add.1), chap. III, sect. A. A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action A/RES/78/234 3/11 23-26238 Stressing that law enforcement officials, in the performance of their duties, shall respect and protect human dignity and maintain and uphold the human rights of all persons, Recognizing the multiple and aggravated forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, which may exacerbate individuals’ experiences with police violence, Recognizing also that racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, as well as apartheid, have deep negative impacts on the enjoyment of human rights, and therefore require a united and comprehensive response from States, Expressing concern at the disruption to economies and societies caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and its negative impact on the enjoyment of human rights around the world, disproportionately affecting certain individuals, including those facing racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, which the pandemic has highlighted and exposed, including underlying deep and long-standing structural inequalities and fundamental problems in various areas of social, economic, civil and political life, and its exacerbation of existing inequalities, and recalling that systemic and structural racism and racial discrimination further exacerbate inequality in access to health care and treatment, leading to racial disparities in health outcomes and a higher rate of mortality and morbidity among individuals and groups facing racial discrimination, Noting with concern the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the existing inequalities within our societies and regretting that, in that context, persons belonging to racial and ethnic minorities and to other groups, including Asians and people of Asian descent, especially women and girls, have been victims of racist violence, threats of violence, discrimination and stigmatization, Recalling the three Decades for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination previously declared by the General Assembly, and regretting that the Programmes of Action for those Decades were not fully implemented and that their objectives have yet to be attained, Noting that 10 December 2023 will mark the seventy-fifth anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 9 and that 25 June 2023 marked the thirtieth anniversary of the adoption of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action,10 and stressing in this regard the importance of fully integrating the matter of combating racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance into these commemorations and their implementation, Stressing in this respect the need to also address negative stereotypes, stigmatization and the assigning of identity based on race as essential in the fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, Reiterating that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights and have the potential to contribute constructively to the development and well-being of their societies, and that any doctrine of racial superiority is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous and must be rejected, together with theories that attempt to determine the existence of separate human races, Underlining the intensity, magnitude and organized nature of slavery and the slave trade, including the transatlantic slave trade, and the associated historical injustices, as well as the untold suffering caused by colonialism and apartheid, and that Africans and people of African descent, Asians and people of Asian descent and __________________ 9 Resolution 217 A (III). 10 A/CONF.157/24 (Part I), chap. III. A/RES/78/234 A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 23-26238 4/11 Indigenous Peoples continue to be victims, and acknowledging that the ongoing effects must be remedied, Acknowledging the efforts and initiatives undertaken by States to prohibit racial discrimination and racial segregation and to engender the full enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights, as well as civil and political rights, Emphasizing that, despite efforts in this regard, millions of human beings continue to be victims of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, including their contemporary forms and manifestations, some of which manifest in violent forms, Welcoming the efforts made by civil society in support of the follow-up mechanisms in the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, Recalling the appointment of the five independent eminent experts by the Secretary-General on 16 June 2003, pursuant to General Assembly resolution 56/266 of 27 March 2002, with the mandate to follow up on the implementation of the provisions of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and to make appropriate recommendations thereon, Underlining the primacy of the political will, international cooperation and adequate funding at the national, regional and international levels needed to address all forms and manifestations of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance for the successful implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, Recalling its resolution 2142 (XXI) of 26 October 1966, in which it proclaimed 21 March as the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Recalling also its resolution 62/122 of 17 December 2007, in which it designated 25 March as the annual International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade, Recalling further, in the above context, the erection of the permanent memorial for the victims of slavery and the slave trade, including the transatlantic slave trade, the Ark of Return, based on the theme “Acknowledge the tragedy, consider the legacy, lest we forget”, Welcoming the call upon all the former colonial Powers for reparations, consistent with paragraphs 157 and 158 of the Durban Programme of Action, to redress the historical injustices of slavery and the slave trade, including the transatlantic slave trade, Recognizing and affirming that the global fight against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and all their abhorrent and contemporary forms and manifestations is a matter of priority for the international community, I International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1. Reaffirms the paramount importance of universal adherence to and the full and effective implementation of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 11 adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 2106 A (XX) of 21 December 1965, in addressing the scourges of racism and racial discrimination; __________________ 11 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 660, No. 9464. A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action A/RES/78/234 5/11 23-26238 2. Calls upon States that have not done so to accede to and/or ratify the Convention, and States parties to consider making the declaration under article 14 of the Convention; 3. Calls upon all States that have not yet done so, and consistent with paragraph 75 of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, to consider withdrawing their reservations to article 4 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; 4. Underlines, in the above context, that the provisions of the Convention do not respond effectively to contemporary manifestations of racial discrimination, in particular in relation to xenophobia and related intolerance, which is recognized as the rationale behind the convening of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance in 2001; 5. Takes note of the acknowledgement by the Human Rights Council and its subsidiary structures of the existence of both procedural and substantive gaps in the Convention, which must be filled as a matter of urgency, necessity and priority; 6. Expresses its concern at the lack of progress in the elaboration of complementary standards to the Convention to fill existing gaps through the development of new normative standards aimed at combating all forms of contemporary and resurgent scourges of racism; 7. Recalls Human Rights Council resolution 34/36 of 24 March 2017,12 in which the Council requested the Chair-Rapporteur of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of Complementary Standards to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination to ensure the commencement of the negotiations on the draft additional protocol to the Convention criminalizing acts of a racist and xenophobic nature during the tenth session of the Ad Hoc Committee, and takes note of the report of the thirteenth session of the Committee in this regard; 8. Requests the Chair-Rapporteur of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of Complementary Standards to present a progress report to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session; II International Decade for People of African Descent 9. Recalls the proclamation of the International Decade for People of African Descent, as contained in its resolution 68/237 of 23 December 2013, and the celebratory launch of the Decade on 10 December 2014; 10. Also recalls the programme of activities for the implementation of the International Decade for People of African Descent, as adopted in its resolution 69/16 of 18 November 2014; 11. Welcomes the establishment of the Permanent Forum on People of African Descent, through its resolution 75/314 of 2 August 2021, which determines its mandate and composition, as a consultative mechanism for people of African descent and other relevant stakeholders and as a platform for improving the safety and quality of life and livelihoods of people of African descent, as well as an advisory body to the Human Rights Council; __________________ 12 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-second Session, Supplement No. 53 (A/72/53), chap. IV, sect. A. A/RES/78/234 A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 23-26238 6/11 12. Also welcomes the convening of the first two sessions of the Permanent Forum on People of African Descent and the large participation of civil society and people of African descent from around the world; 13. Notes with concern the limited resources available in support of the Permanent Forum on People of African Descent; 14. Requests the Secretary-General to enhance the operational and programmatic support provided to the Permanent Forum secretariat, in particular to fully support the mandate of the Permanent Forum, including in the logistical organization of the annual session; 15. Requests the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action to devote at least half of its annual session to the elaboration of a draft United Nations declaration on the promotion and full respect of the human rights of people of African descent, and also requests the Intergovernmental Working Group to present a status report on the elaboration of the draft declaration to be considered by the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session;13 16. Invites the Permanent Forum on People of African Descent and the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, in accordance with their respective mandates, to contribute to the elaboration of a draft United Nations declaration on the promotion and full respect of the human rights of people of African descent; 17. Recalls the draft programme of action for the International Decade for People of African Descent as an instructive framework in which all the initiatives aimed at improving the quality of life of people of African descent are anchored and which, if adopted, would contribute to the programme of activities for the implementation of the International Decade for People of African Descent; 18. Also recalls that the Secretary-General will convene a final assessment of the Decade, to take place within the framework of a high-level international event, marking the closure of the Decade in 2024; 19. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Assembly, before the end of its eightieth session, on practical steps to be taken to make a Second International Decade effective; 20. Requests the President of the General Assembly to take into consideration the programme of activities for the implementation of the International Decade for People of African Descent, drafted by the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and adopted in resolution 69/16, and the theme of the International Decade for People of African Descent, “People of African descent: recognition, justice and development”, with a view to proclaiming the decade starting in 2025 the Second International Decade for People of African Descent; 21. Takes note of the reports of the Secretary-General on the programme of activities for the implementation of the International Decade for People of African Descent14 and on a global call for concrete action for the total elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action;15 __________________ 13 See resolution 69/16. 14 A/78/317. 15 A/78/197. A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action A/RES/78/234 7/11 23-26238 22. Acknowledges and profoundly regrets the untold suffering and evils inflicted on millions of men and women and children as a result of slavery, the slave trade, the transatlantic slave trade, colonialism, apartheid, genocide and past tragedies, noting that some States have taken the initiative to apologize and have paid reparations, where appropriate, for grave and massive violations committed, further calls upon those that have not yet expressed remorse or presented apologies to find some way to contribute to the restoration of the dignity of victims, and calls upon all the relevant States that have not already done so to dispense reparatory justice, contributing to the development and recognition of the dignity of the affected States and their people; 23. Takes note of the report of the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, 16 invites the Human Rights Council, through the Chair of the Working Group, to continue to submit a report on the work of the Working Group to the General Assembly, and in this regard invites the Chair of the Working Group to engage in an interactive dialogue with the Assembly under the item entitled “Elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance” at its seventy-ninth session; 24. Takes note with appreciation of the proclamation of 31 August as the International Day for People of African Descent, and invites all Member States, all organizations and bodies of the United Nations system and other international and regional organizations, the private sector and academia, as well as civil society, to observe the International Day for People of African Descent in an appropriate manner, in accordance with its resolution 75/170 of 16 December 2020; 25. Stresses that everyone, including people and communities of African descent, should be able to participate in an inclusive manner and guide the design and implementation of processes that contribute to halting, reversing and repairing the lasting consequences and ongoing manifestations of systemic racism, and notably acknowledges the important role that young people have played and should continue to play in these processes; 26. Encourages States to examine the extent and impact of systemic racism and to adopt effective legal, policy and institutional measures that address racism beyond a summation of individualized acts, recommends that progress be measured according to indicators grounded in impact rather than intent, and further calls for the recognition of the impact of racial discrimination and inequality experienced by children and youth of African descent in all areas of life, including the administration of justice, law enforcement, education, health, family life and development; 17 27. Welcomes the establishment of an international independent expert mechanism, comprising three experts with law enforcement and human rights expertise, aimed at furthering transformative change for racial justice and equality in the context of law enforcement globally, especially where relating to the legacies of colonialism and the transatlantic slave trade in enslaved Africans, to investigate the responses of Governments to peaceful anti-racism protests and all violations of international human rights law and to contribute to accountability and redress for victims; 28. Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and the Department of Global Communications of the Secretariat to continue awareness-raising efforts and public information campaigns in support of the International Decade for People of African Descent through the use of social networks __________________ 16 A/78/277. 17 See A/77/294. A/RES/78/234 A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 23-26238 8/11 and digital media, including the wide distribution of user-friendly, concise and accessible versions of material in this regard; III Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 29. Requests the Secretary-General and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to provide the resources necessary for the effective fulfilment of the mandates of the Intergovernmental Working Group on the Effective Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, the Group of Independent Eminent Experts on the Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, the Ad Hoc Committee on the Elaboration of Complementary Standards and the Permanent Forum on People of African Descent, and in this regard to ensure the participation of experts in each session of those follow-up mechanisms in order to provide advice on the specific issues under discussion and assist the mechanisms in their deliberations and the adoption of action-oriented recommendations in relation to the implementation of the Declaration and Programme of Action; 30. Recalls Human Rights Council resolutions 43/1 and 47/21, and also recalls the report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the promotion and protection of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of Africans and of people of African descent against excessive use of force and other human rights violations by law enforcement officers and the annex thereto, entitled “Four-point Agenda towards Transformative Change for Racial Justice and Equality”, submitted pursuant to resolution 43/1;18 31. Stresses the importance of consolidating all efforts aimed at combating racism under a single anti-racial discrimination unit, including on the issues of racial equality and justice; IV Group of Independent Eminent Experts on the Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 32. Welcomes the report of the Group of Independent Eminent Experts on the Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action on its eighth session,19 and in this regard notes that the session was held from 8 to 12 August 2022; 33. Recalls its resolution 77/205 and the recommendations contained therein with regard to the Group of Independent Eminent Experts, and further agrees to limit the tenure of the Eminent Experts to four years, which may be renewed once, and that the current Experts will continue to serve until the appointment of new Experts is finalized; 34. Also recalls the request to the Secretary-General to appoint the five Eminent Experts, one from each region, from among candidates proposed by the President of the Human Rights Council, after consultation with the regional groups, in line with the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 20 and paragraph 13 of resolution 56/266, by the end of 2023; 35. Requests the five regional groups to nominate a candidate for appointment to the Group of Independent Eminent Experts in a timely fashion; __________________ 18 A/HRC/47/53. 19 See A/78/535. 20 A/CONF.189/12, para. 191 (b). A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action A/RES/78/234 9/11 23-26238 V Trust fund for the Programme for the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination 36. Recalls the establishment by the Secretary-General, in 1973, of the trust fund for the Programme for the Decade for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination as a funding mechanism that has been utilized for the implementation of the activities of the three Decades for Action to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination declared by the General Assembly, and in this regard appreciates the fact that the trust fund has also been utilized for the subsequent programmes and operational activities transcending the three Decades; 37. Requests the Secretary-General to include, in his report on the implementation of the present resolution to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session, a section outlining the progress in the implementation of paragraph 18 of its resolution 68/151 of 18 December 2013 regarding the revitalization of the trust fund for the purpose of ensuring the successful implementation of the activities of the International Decade for People of African Descent and enhancing the effectiveness of the comprehensive follow-up to the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance and the effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action; 38. Strongly appeals to all Governments, intergovernmental and non- governmental organizations and individuals, as well as other donors in a position to do so, to contribute generously to the trust fund, and to that end requests the Secretary-General to continue to undertake appropriate contacts and initiatives to encourage contributions; VI Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance 39. Takes note of the report of the Special Rapporteur of the Human Rights Council on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance,21 and encourages the Special Rapporteur, within her mandate, to continue to focus on the issues of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and incitement to hatred, which impede peaceful coexistence and harmony within societies, and to submit reports in this regard to the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly; 40. Reiterates its previous requests to the Special Rapporteur to consider examining national models of mechanisms that measure racial equality and their value added in the eradication of racial discrimination and to report on such challenges, successes and best practices in her next report, and expresses concern at the lack of progress in this regard; VII Commemoration of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 41. Takes note with appreciation of the adoption of a political declaration aimed at mobilizing political will at the national, regional and international levels for the full and effective implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and its follow-up processes during a one day high-level meeting of the General Assembly, on 22 September 2021, commemorating the twentieth anniversary of the __________________ 21 A/78/302. A/RES/78/234 A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action 23-26238 10/11 adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, under the theme “Reparations, racial justice and equality for people of African descent”; 22 42. Emphasizes the critical importance of increasing public support for the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the participation of civil society and other relevant stakeholders in its realization, and requests the United Nations system to strengthen its awareness-raising campaigns to increase the visibility of the message of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, its follow-up mechanisms and the work of the United Nations in the fight against racism; 23 43. Invites Member States, United Nations entities, international and regional organizations, civil society, including non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders to organize and support various high-visibility initiatives, aimed at effectively increasing awareness at all levels, to commemorate the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action; 44. Requests the Secretary-General to establish a programme of outreach, with the involvement of Member States and United Nations funds and programmes, as well as civil society, including non-governmental organizations, to appropriately commemorate the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action; 45. Calls upon Member States and the United Nations system to intensify efforts to widely distribute copies of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, and encourages efforts to ensure its translation and wide dissemination; 46. Expresses its appreciation for the continuing work of the mechanisms mandated to follow up on the World Conference and the Durban Review Conference; VIII Follow-up and implementation activities 47. Acknowledges the guidance and leadership role of the Human Rights Council, and encourages it to continue to oversee the implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and the outcome documents of the Durban Review Conferences, including the commemoration of the twentieth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action; 48. Requests the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to continue to provide the Human Rights Council with all the support necessary for it to achieve its objectives in this regard; 49. Welcomes the further consideration by the Human Rights Council, at its fifty-fourth session, of the question of a multi-year programme of activities to provide for the renewed and strengthened outreach activities needed to inform and mobilize the global public in support of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action and to strengthen awareness of the contribution that they have made in the struggle against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, in consultation with Member States, national human rights institutions, relevant civil society organizations and United Nations agencies, funds and programmes; 50. Also welcomes the efforts undertaken by the Human Rights Council, through its Advisory Committee, in preparing a study on appropriate ways and means of assessing the situation regarding racial equality, while identifying possible gaps and overlaps; __________________ 22 Political declaration entitled “United against racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance” (resolution 76/1). 23 See Human Rights Council resolution 51/32; see also A/77/233. A global call for concrete action for the elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance and the comprehensive implementation of and follow-up to the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action A/RES/78/234 11/11 23-26238 51. Further welcomes the commemorative event held on 21 March 2023 to mark the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination; 52. Takes note with appreciation of the commemorative plenary meeting of the General Assembly held on 27 March 2023 to mark the International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade, on the theme “Fighting slavery’s legacy of racism through transformative education”; 53. Requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session a report on the implementation of the present resolution; 54. Requests the President of the General Assembly and the President of the Human Rights Council to continue to convene annual commemorative meetings of the Assembly and the Council during the commemoration of the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, with the appropriate focus and themes, and in this context encourages the participation of eminent personalities active in the struggle against racial discrimination, Member States and civil society organizations in accordance with the rules of procedure of the Assembly and the Council, respectively; 55. Decides to remain seized of this priority matter at its seventy-ninth session under the item entitled “Elimination of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance”.
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A/RES/78/241
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 22 December 2023 [on the report of the First Committee (A/78/409, para. 89)] 78/241. Lethal autonomous weapons systems The General Assembly, Affirming that international law, in particular the Charter of the United Nations, international humanitarian law and international human rights law, applies to autonomous weapons systems, Recognizing the rapid development of new and emerging technologies, and recognizing further that they hold great promise for the advancement of human welfare and could, inter alia, help to better protect civilians in conflict in certain circumstances, Mindful of the serious challenges and concerns that new technological applications in the military domain, including those related to artificial intelligence and autonomy in weapons systems, also raise from humanitarian, legal, security, technological and ethical perspectives, Concerned about the possible negative consequences and impact of autonomous weapon systems on global security and regional and international stability, including the risk of an emerging arms race, lowering the threshold for conflict and proliferation, including to non-State actors, Welcoming the interest and sustained efforts on these issues, in particular through the ongoing and valuable work of the Group of Governmental Experts on Emerging Technologies in the Area of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems, established under the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons Which May Be Deemed to Be Excessively Injurious or to Have Indiscriminate Effects, 1 and in this regard underlining the significant progress made in these discussions as well as the various proposals presented, __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1342, No. 22495. A/RES/78/241 Lethal autonomous weapons systems 23-26252 2/2 Noting the adoption by consensus of Human Rights Council resolution 51/22 of 7 October 2022 on human rights implications of new and emerging technologies in the military domain,2 Acknowledging the important contribution of international and regional conferences and initiatives such as the summit hosted by the Kingdom of the Netherlands and co-organized by the Republic of Korea on 15 and 16 February 2023, the regional conference hosted by Costa Rica on 23 and 24 February 2023, the conference hosted by Luxembourg on 25 and 26 April 2023, as well as the regional conference hosted by Trinidad and Tobago on 5 and 6 September 2023, Recognizing the valuable contributions made by United Nations entities and international and regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross, civil society organizations, academia, industry and other stakeholders in enriching international discussions on autonomous weapons systems, encompassing legal, ethical, human rights, societal and technological dimensions, Recognizing the efforts of the Secretary-General within the new agenda for peace initiative to address the issue of autonomous weapons systems, 1. Stresses the urgent need for the international community to address the challenges and concerns raised by autonomous weapons systems, in particular through the Group of Governmental Experts on Emerging Technologies in the Area of Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems, and to continue to further its understanding of the issues involved; 2. Requests the Secretary-General to seek the views of Member States and observer States on lethal autonomous weapons systems, inter alia, on ways to address the related challenges and concerns they raise from humanitarian, legal, security, technological and ethical perspectives and on the role of humans in the use of force, and to submit a substantive report reflecting the full range of views received with an annex containing these views, to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session for further discussion by Member States; 3. Also requests the Secretary-General to invite the views of international and regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross, civil society, the scientific community and industry to include these views in the original language received in the annex of the aforementioned report; 4. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session the item entitled “Lethal autonomous weapons systems”. 50th (resumed) plenary meeting 22 December 2023 __________________ 2 See Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-seventh Session, Supplement No. 53A (A/77/53/Add.1), chap. III, sect. A.
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A/RES/78/29
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2023 [on the report of the First Committee (A/78/409, para. 89)] 78/29. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction The General Assembly, Recalling its previous resolutions on the subject of chemical weapons, in particular resolution 77/73 of 7 December 2022, Determined to achieve the effective prohibition of the development, production, acquisition, transfer, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and their destruction, Honouring the memory of and paying tribute to all victims of chemical weapons, Reaffirming its strong support for the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction1 and for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and its deep appreciation of the Organisation, which was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 2013 for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons, Recalling decisions C-24/DEC.4 and C-24/DEC.5 of 27 November 2019 adopted by the Conference of the States Parties at its twenty-fourth session, introducing changes to schedules 1 (A) and 1, respectively, of the Annex on Chemicals to the Convention, Re-emphasizing its unequivocal support for the decision of the Director General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to continue the mission to establish the facts surrounding the allegations of the use of chemical weapons, __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1974, No. 33757. A/RES/78/29 Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction 23-24537 2/7 including toxic chemicals, for hostile purposes in the Syrian Arab Republic, while stressing that the safety and security of mission personnel remains the top priority, and recalling the work, pursuant to Security Council resolutions 2235 (2015) of 7 August 2015 and 2319 (2016) of 17 November 2016, of the Joint Investigative Mechanism of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the United Nations, Recalling the work related to the Fourth Special Session of the Conference of the States Parties to Review the Operation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, held in The Hague from 21 to 30 November 2018, Noting the work related to the Fifth Special Session of the Conference of the States Parties to Review the Operation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, held in The Hague from 15 to 19 May 2023, Reaffirming the importance of the outcome of the Third Special Session of the Conference of the States Parties to Review the Operation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, held in The Hague from 8 to 19 April 2013 (the Third Review Conference), including its consensus final report, in which the Conference addressed all aspects of the Convention and made important recommendations on its continued implementation, Emphasizing that the Third Review Conference welcomed the fact that the Convention is a unique multilateral agreement banning an entire category of weapons of mass destruction in a non-discriminatory and verifiable manner under strict and effective international control and noted with satisfaction that the Convention continues to be a remarkable success and an example of effective multilateralism, Recalling that 29 April 2022 marked the twenty-fifth anniversary of the entry into force of the Convention, Convinced that the Convention, 26 years after its entry into force, has reinforced its role as the international norm against chemical weapons, and that it constitutes a major contribution to: (a) International peace and security, (b) Eliminating chemical weapons and preventing their re-emergence, (c) The ultimate objective of general and complete disarmament under strict and effective international control, (d) Excluding completely, for the sake of all mankind, the possibility of the use of chemical weapons, (e) Promoting international cooperation and exchange in scientific and technical information in the field of chemical activities among States parties for peaceful purposes in order to enhance the economic and technological development of all States parties, Noting the efforts to ensure the effectiveness of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and its business continuity in all circumstances, drawing lessons from the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), 1. Reaffirms its condemnation in the strongest possible terms of the use of chemical weapons by anyone under any circumstances, emphasizing that any use of chemical weapons anywhere, at any time, by anyone, under any circumstances is unacceptable and is and would be a violation of international law and expressing its strong conviction that those individuals responsible for the use of chemical weapons must and should be held accountable; 2. Condemns in the strongest possible terms the use of a toxic chemical as a weapon against Alexei Navalny in the Russian Federation, and notes with grave Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction A/RES/78/29 3/7 23-24537 concern the note by the Technical Secretariat of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons of 6 October 2020 on the summary of the report on activities carried out in support of a request for technical assistance by Germany; 2 3. Also condemns in the strongest possible terms that chemical weapons have since 2012 been used in Iraq, Malaysia, the Syrian Arab Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, including as reported by the Joint Investigative Mechanism of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the United Nations and by the Investigation and Identification Team of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in: (a) The reports of the Joint Investigative Mechanism of 24 August 20163 and 21 October 2016,4 which concluded that there was sufficient information to determine that the Syrian Arab Armed Forces were responsible for the attacks which released toxic substances in Talmenes, Syrian Arab Republic, on 21 April 2014, in Sarmin, Syrian Arab Republic, on 16 March 2015, and in Qmenas, Syrian Arab Republic, also on 16 March 2015, and that the so-called “Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant” used sulfur mustard in Marea, Syrian Arab Republic, on 21 August 2015; (b) The report of the Joint Investigative Mechanism of 26 October 2017, 5 which concluded that there was sufficient information to be confident that Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant was responsible for the use of sulfur mustard at Umm Hawsh on 15 and 16 September 2016 and that the Syrian Arab Republic was responsible for the release of sarin at Khan Shaykhun on 4 April 2017; (c) The first report of the Investigation and Identification Team, of 8 April 2020,6 which concluded that there were reasonable grounds to believe that the Syrian Arab Air Force used chemical weapons in Ltamenah on 24, 25 and 30 March 2017; (d) The second report of the Investigation and Identification Team, of 12 April 2021,7 which concluded that there were reasonable grounds to believe that a military helicopter of the Syrian Arab Air Force carried out a chemical weapons attack on Saraqib on 4 February 2018; (e) The third report of the Investigation and Identification Team, of 27 January 2023,8 which concluded that there were reasonable grounds to believe that the Syrian Arab Air Force carried out a chemical weapons attack on 7 April 2018 in Duma, Syrian Arab Republic; and demands that the perpetrators be held accountable; 4. Takes note with great concern in that regard of the reports of the fact- finding mission of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons regarding alleged incidents in Ltamenah, 9 Saraqib 10 and Duma, 11 Syrian Arab Republic, as well as reports regarding the alleged incidents in Marea 12 and Kafr Zayta,13 Syrian Arab Republic, which concluded there were reasonable grounds to __________________ 2 S/1906/2020. 3 See S/2016/738/Rev.1. 4 See S/2016/888. 5 See S/2017/904, annex. 6 See S/2020/310, annex. 7 See S/2021/371, annex. 8 See S/2023/81, annex. 9 See S/2017/931, annex, and S/2018/620, annex. 10 See S/2018/478, annex. 11 See S/2019/208, annex. 12 See S/2022/85, annex. 13 See S/2022/116, annex. A/RES/78/29 Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction 23-24537 4/7 believe that a toxic chemical or a vesicant chemical substance from 1.A.04 scheduled chemicals under the Convention had been used as a weapon; 5. Takes note of the report of the fact-finding mission of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons of 28 June 2023, 14 which concluded that information obtained and analysed by the fact-finding mission did not provide reasonable grounds to determine that chemicals were used as a weapon in the reported incidents that occurred in Kharbit Massasneh, Syrian Arab Republic, on 7 July and 4 August 2017; 6. Recalls the adoption of: (a) Decision C-SS-4/DEC.3 of the Fourth Special Session of the Conference of the States Parties, entitled “Addressing the threat from chemical weapons use”, of 27 June 2018; (b) Decision EC-94/DEC.2 of the Executive Council, entitled “Addressing the possession and use of chemical weapons by the Syrian Arab Republic”, of 9 July 2020; (c) Decision C-25/DEC.9 of the Conference of the States Parties, entitled “Addressing the possession and use of chemical weapons by the Syrian Arab Republic”, of 21 April 2021; and stresses the importance of their implementation, in accordance with the Convention, and, accordingly, expresses concern with the conclusions contained in the report of the Director General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons of 14 October 2020 on the implementation of decision EC-94/DEC.2;15 7. Also recalls decision C-26/DEC.10 of the Conference of the States Parties, entitled “Understanding regarding the aerosolised use of central nervous system- acting chemicals for law enforcement purposes”, of 1 December 2021; 8. Emphasizes that the universality of the Convention is essential to achieving its object and purpose and to enhancing the security of States parties, as well as to international peace and security, underlines the fact that the objectives of the Convention will not be fully realized as long as there remains even a single State not party to the Convention that could possess or acquire such weapons, calls upon all States that have not yet done so to become parties to the Convention without delay, and in this regard recalls the outcome of the Third Special Session of the Conference of the States Parties to Review the Operation of the Chemical Weapons Convention (the Third Review Conference); 9. Underlines the fact that the full, effective and non-discriminatory implementation of all articles of the Convention makes a major contribution to international peace and security through the elimination of existing stockpiles of chemical weapons and the prohibition of their acquisition and use, and provides for assistance and protection in the event of use or threat of use of chemical weapons and for international cooperation for peaceful purposes in the field of chemical activities; 10. Notes the impact of scientific and technological progress on the effective implementation of the Convention and the importance for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and its policymaking organs of taking due account of such developments; 11. Reaffirms that the obligation of the States parties to complete the destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles and the destruction or conversion of chemical weapons production facilities in accordance with the provisions of the __________________ 14 See S/2023/508, annex. 15 EC-96/DG.1. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction A/RES/78/29 5/7 23-24537 Convention and the Annex on Implementation and Verification (Verification Annex) and under the verification of the Technical Secretariat of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons is essential for the realization of the object and purpose of the Convention; 12. Stresses the importance to the Convention that all possessors of chemical weapons, chemical weapons production facilities or chemical weapons development facilities, including previously declared possessor States, should be among the States parties to the Convention, and welcomes progress to that end; 13. Recalls that the Third Review Conference expressed concern regarding the statement made by the Director General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in his report to the Executive Council of the Organisation at its sixty-eighth session, provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of decision C-16/DEC.11 of 1 December 2011 adopted by the Conference of the States Parties at its sixteenth session, that three possessor States parties, namely, Libya, the Russian Federation and the United States of America, had been unable to fully meet the final extended deadline of 29 April 2012 for the destruction of their chemical weapons stockpiles, and also expressed determination that the destruction of all categories of chemical weapons should be completed in the shortest time possible in accordance with the provisions of the Convention and the Verification Annex, and with the full application of the relevant decisions that have been taken; 14. Welcomes the confirmation by the Director General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons expressed in his report of 5 October 2017, 16 based upon information received from the Russian Federation and independent information received from the inspectors of the Organisation, regarding the completion of the full destruction of chemical weapons declared by the Russian Federation; 15. Also welcomes the completed destruction of Libya’s remaining category 2 chemical weapons, as reported by the Director General of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in his report of 22 December 2017, 17 as well as the completed destruction by Iraq of its entire declared stockpile of chemical weapons remnants, as reported by the Director General in his report of 28 February 2018;18 16. Further welcomes the confirmation by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons that the last chemical munition of the declared chemical weapons stockpile of the United States of America was irreversibly destroyed in accordance with the Convention on 7 July 2023; 17. Underlines that the end of destruction of all declared chemical weapons stockpiles is an important milestone for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and a critical step towards achieving its mission to permanently eliminate all chemical weapons; 18. Notes with concern that, along with the threat of the possible production, acquisition and use of chemical weapons by States, the international community also faces the danger of the production, acquisition and use of chemical weapons by non-State actors, including terrorists, concerns which have highlighted the necessity of achieving universal adherence to the Convention, as well as the high level of readiness of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and stresses that the full and effective implementation of all provisions of the Convention, including those on national implementation (article VII) and assistance and protection __________________ 16 EC-86/DG.31. 17 EC-87/DG.6. 18 EC-87/DG.18. A/RES/78/29 Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction 23-24537 6/7 (article X), constitutes an important contribution to the efforts of the United Nations in the global fight against terrorism in all its forms and manifestations; 19. Notes that the effective application of the verification system builds confidence in compliance with the Convention by States parties; 20. Stresses the importance of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in verifying compliance with the provisions of the Convention as well as in promoting the timely and efficient accomplishment of all its objectives; 21. Expresses grave concern that, despite the verified destruction of all 27 chemical weapons production facilities declared by the Syrian Arab Republic, the Technical Secretariat, as recently reported by the Director General in his report of 25 September 2023, 19 assesses that the Syrian Arab Republic has submitted a declaration that still cannot be considered accurate and complete in accordance with the Convention, Executive Council decisions EC-M-33/DEC.1 and EC-94/DEC.2 and Security Council resolution 2118 (2013), as well as with the conclusion of decision C-SS-4/DEC.3, of the Fourth Review Conference, that the Syrian Arab Republic failed to declare and destroy all of its chemical weapons and chemical weapons production facilities, and underscores the importance of such full verification; 22. Urges all States parties to the Convention to meet in full and on time their obligations under the Convention and to support the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in its implementation activities; 23. Welcomes the progress made in the national implementation of article VII obligations, commends the States parties and the Technical Secretariat for assisting other States parties, on request, with the implementation of the follow-up to the plan of action regarding article VII obligations, urges States parties that have not fulfilled their obligations under article VII to do so without further delay, in accordance with their constitutional processes, and in this context reaffirms that full, effective and non-discriminatory implementation of article VII is essential for the realization of the object and purpose of the Convention; 24. Emphasizes the continuing relevance and importance of the provisions of article X of the Convention, welcomes the activities of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in relation to assistance and protection against chemical weapons, supports further efforts by both States parties and the Technical Secretariat to promote a high level of readiness to respond to chemical weapons threats as articulated in article X, and welcomes the effectiveness and efficiency of the increased focus on making full use of regional and subregional capacities and expertise, including taking advantage of established training centres; 25. Reaffirms that the provisions of the Convention shall be implemented in a manner that avoids hampering the economic or technological development of States parties and international cooperation in the field of chemical activities for purposes not prohibited under the Convention, including the international exchange of scientific and technical information, and chemicals and equipment for the production, processing or use of chemicals for purposes not prohibited under the Convention; 26. Emphasizes the importance of the provisions of article XI of the Convention relating to the economic and technological development of States parties, recalls that the full, effective and non-discriminatory implementation of those provisions contributes to universality, and reaffirms the undertaking of the States parties to foster international cooperation for peaceful purposes in the field of __________________ 19 EC-104/DG.19. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction A/RES/78/29 7/7 23-24537 chemical activities of the States parties and the importance of that cooperation and its contribution to the promotion of the Convention as a whole; 27. Notes with appreciation the ongoing work of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to achieve the object and purpose of the Convention, to ensure the full implementation of its provisions, including those for international verification of compliance with it, and to provide a forum for consultation and cooperation among States parties; 28. Regrets that, despite the constructive engagement of most of the States parties in the preparatory process leading to the Fifth Special Session of the Conference of the States Parties to Review the Operation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, it was not possible to adopt a final document, notwithstanding the fact that the majority of subjects covered at the Fifth Review Conference received very broad support and that a wide range of delegations undertook efforts towards a consensual outcome; 29. Welcomes the opening of the Centre for Chemistry and Technology, which strengthens the capabilities of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and its member States to implement the Chemical Weapons Convention, uphold the global norm against chemical weapons, address threats and opportunities arising from rapid progress in science and technology in the evolving global security landscape, and support international cooperation; 30. Takes note of decision EC-102/DEC.6 of the Executive Council, entitled “Allowing the convening of Executive Council meetings or sessions in extraordinary circumstances”, of 16 March 2023; 31. Welcomes the cooperation between the United Nations and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons within the framework of the relationship agreement between the United Nations and the Organisation, 20 in accordance with the provisions of the Convention; 32. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction”. 42nd plenary meeting 4 December 2023 __________________ 20 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2160, No. 1240.
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A/RES/78/42
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2023 [on the report of the First Committee (A/78/409, para. 89)] 78/42. Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments The General Assembly, Recalling its resolution 1 (I) of 24 January 1946 and its decision 77/516 of 7 December 2022, Noting the twenty-fifth anniversary of the launch of the New Agenda Coalition and the joint declaration outlining a new agenda for disarmament adopted in Dublin on 9 June 1998,1 and the press release issued on the occasion of the commemoration by senior officials of the New Agenda Coalition, held in Brasilia on 19 June 2023, Welcoming the report of the Secretary-General entitled “Our Common Agenda”,2 especially the reiteration by the Secretary-General of the commitment to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, and the disarmament recommendations of policy brief 9, entitled “A New Agenda for Peace”, 3 presented by the Secretary-General on 20 July 2023, in particular the recognition that the existential threat that nuclear weapons pose to humanity must motivate us to work towards their total elimination and the recommendation to States to recommit urgently to the pursuit of a world free of nuclear weapons and reverse the erosion of international norms against the spread and use of nuclear weapons, and recalling the importance of the Secretary-General’s disarmament agenda, Securing Our Common Future: An Agenda for Disarmament, Noting with deep concern the profound global peace and security challenges currently taking hold and the increased prominence being given by some States to nuclear weapons in their security doctrines, the expansion of nuclear stockpiles, __________________ 1 A/53/138, annex. 2 A/75/982. 3 A/77/CRP.1/Add.8. A/RES/78/42 Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments 23-24513 2/7 national plans by the nuclear-weapon States to expand, modernize and qualitatively improve nuclear arsenals, the disregard of negative security assurances, as well as plans by the nuclear-weapon States and States under extended nuclear security guarantees to maintain or increase the role of nuclear weapons in security doctrines, including with regard to the placement of nuclear weapons on the territory of non-nuclear-weapon States, all of which contribute to the erosion of the disarmament and non-proliferation regime and undermine the achievement of a nuclear-weapon- free world, Alarmed that recent international tensions have taken an increasing nuclear dimension, particularly with regard to threats to use nuclear weapons and increasingly strident nuclear rhetoric, Concerned about other actions that weaken the disarmament and non-proliferation architecture and undermine key norms, such as the dismantling of core agreements among the nuclear-weapon States, including the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, the Treaty on Open Skies, and the suspension of the Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (New START Treaty), Recalling the joint statement on preventing nuclear war and avoiding arms races issued by China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America on 3 January 2022, affirming that “a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought”, and the statement by the New Agenda Coalition issued on 25 January 2022,4 calling for the five nuclear- weapon States to pursue tangible steps towards the total elimination of their nuclear arsenals in accordance with their obligations under article VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,5 Recalling also the decisions and the resolution adopted at the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,6 the basis upon which the Treaty was indefinitely extended, and the Final Documents of the 2000 7 and the 2010 8 Review Conferences of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and in particular the unequivocal undertaking by the nuclear-weapon States to accomplish the total elimination of their nuclear arsenals, leading to nuclear disarmament, in accordance with commitments made under article VI of the Treaty, Ever mindful that, to preserve the credibility and strength of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, nuclear-weapon States must implement their respective obligations and commitments under the Treaty and therefore redress the imbalance in implementation with regard to non-nuclear-weapon States, Deeply concerned by the successive failures of the two previous Review Conferences of the Parties to the Treaty, and dismayed that States parties to the Treaty were again unable to agree on actions that would strengthen the Treaty regime, enhance progress towards its full implementation and universality, or monitor __________________ 4 CD/2226, annex. 5 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 729, No. 10485. 6 See 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, Part I (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I) and NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I)/Corr.2), annex. 7 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vols. I–III (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I and II), NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Part III) and NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Part IV)). 8 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vols. I–III (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I), NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. II) and NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. III)). Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments A/RES/78/42 3/7 23-24513 implementation of the commitments made at the 1995, 2000 and 2010 Review Conferences, Noting with concern that the working group on further strengthening the review process of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons could not agree on substantive outcomes and recommendations, Reiterating the expression of deep concern by the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons at the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons, and its resolve to seek a safer world for all and to achieve the peace and security of a world without nuclear weapons,9 Reiterating its grave concern at the danger to humanity posed by nuclear weapons, highlighting that these concerns should underpin the need for nuclear disarmament and the urgency of achieving and maintaining a nuclear-weapon-free world, Welcoming the attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences and inherent risks of nuclear weapons in multilateral disarmament forums since 2010, including in the Conferences on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear Weapons, the most recent of which was held in Vienna on 20 June 2022, Recognizing the highly disproportionate and gendered impact of exposure to ionizing radiation for women and girls, and the need to further integrate a gender perspective into all aspects of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation decision- making processes, inter alia by including the commitment to ensure the equal, full and effective participation and leadership of both women and men, including in the implementation and review of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Noting the widespread support in the tenth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the view that enhanced accountability and transparency, including improving the process of reporting by nuclear-weapon States on their implementation of the nuclear disarmament commitments and obligations under the Treaty, would contribute to strengthening the review process, and that this fact was recognized by a majority of States parties during the first meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the 2026 Review Conference, and in the working group on further strengthening the review process of the Treaty, Recalling that the total elimination of nuclear weapons is the only absolute guarantee against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons and the legitimate interest of non-nuclear-weapon States in receiving unequivocal and legally binding negative security assurances from nuclear-weapon States pending the total elimination of nuclear weapons, Underscoring the important contribution made by nuclear-weapon-free zones to enhancing international peace and security, to a strengthened nuclear non-proliferation regime and as a practical contribution towards nuclear disarmament, Urging States to strengthen all existing nuclear-weapon-free zones, inter alia, through the ratification of existing treaties and relevant protocols and the withdrawal or revision of any reservations or interpretative declarations contrary to the object and purpose of the treaties establishing such zones, Recalling the encouragement expressed at the 2010 Review Conference for the establishment of further nuclear-weapon-free zones, on the basis of arrangements __________________ 9 Ibid., vol. I (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I)), part I, Conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions. A/RES/78/42 Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments 23-24513 4/7 freely arrived at among the States of the region concerned, reaffirming the expectation that this will be followed by concerted international efforts to create such zones in areas where they do not currently exist, especially in the Middle East, in this context noting with deep disappointment the non-fulfilment of the agreement at the 2010 Review Conference on practical steps to fully implement the 1995 resolution on the Middle East, Encouraged by the successful organization in 2019, 2021 and 2022 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, in accordance with its decision 73/546 of 22 December 2018, of the sessions of a conference aimed at elaborating a treaty on the establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction, on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at by the States of the region, Underlining the importance of multilateralism in relation to nuclear disarmament, while recognizing the value of unilateral, bilateral and regional initiatives and the importance of compliance with the terms of these initiatives, Recalling the twenty-seventh anniversary of the opening for signature of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty10 and the continued vital importance of its entry into force to the advancement of nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation objectives, Welcoming the outcomes of the first Meeting of States Parties to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons and the convening of the second Meeting of States Parties to the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in New York in November and December 2023, and encouraging all States to participate in these proceedings, Urging the immediate return to full implementation of the Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, urging both parties to the Treaty to re-engage in discussions on follow-on measures to achieve deeper reductions in their nuclear arsenals, and calling upon both States to negotiate a successor agreement as soon as possible, as encouraged by the 2000 and 2010 Review Conferences, Welcoming the commemoration and promotion of 26 September as the International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, as established by resolution 68/32 of 5 December 2013, Deeply disappointed at the continued absence of progress towards multilateral nuclear disarmament at the Conference on Disarmament, which has been unable to agree upon and implement a programme of work since 1996, and that the Disarmament Commission has not produced a substantive outcome on nuclear disarmament since 1999, 1. Condemns unequivocally all nuclear threats, whether explicit or implicit, and irrespective of the circumstances, and calls upon all States, in particular the nuclear-weapon States, to reject any normalization of nuclear rhetoric and, in particular, the threat of use of nuclear weapons, which only serves to undermine the disarmament and non-proliferation regime and is against the Charter of the United Nations; 2. Stresses the fundamental role of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in achieving nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation, and looks forward to achieving substantive progress during the eleventh review cycle, in order to strengthen the Treaty and its review process, overcoming the obstacles that __________________ 10 See resolution 50/245 and A/50/1027. Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments A/RES/78/42 5/7 23-24513 prevented a substantive outcome in the two previous Review Conferences held in 2015 and 2022; 3. Reaffirms the continued validity of the decisions, resolutions and commitments as agreed to at the 1995, 2000 and 2010 Review Conferences of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, including the specific reaffirmation of the unequivocal undertaking of the nuclear-weapon States to accomplish the total elimination of their nuclear arsenals leading to nuclear disarmament, to which all States parties are committed under article VI of the Treaty; 4. Urges all State parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to implement their article VI obligations and to pursue multilateral negotiations without delay on effective measures for the achievement and maintenance of a nuclear weapon-free world, recalling in particular the commitment of the nuclear-weapon States to accelerating concrete progress on the steps leading to nuclear disarmament; 5. Calls upon all States to give due prominence to the humanitarian imperatives that underpin nuclear disarmament and to the urgency of achieving it, including new evidence presented at the Conferences on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear Weapons, and those imperatives should inform all deliberations, decisions and actions relating to nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation, including within the Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons; 6. Urges the nuclear-weapon States to fulfil their commitment to undertaking further efforts to reduce and eliminate all types of nuclear weapons, deployed and non-deployed, including through unilateral, bilateral, regional and multilateral measures, as agreed by the parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in the outcome documents of the 2000 and 2010 Review Conferences; 7. Also urges the nuclear-weapon States to make concrete reductions in the role and significance of nuclear weapons in all military and security concepts, doctrines and policies, pending their total elimination as agreed by the parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in the outcome documents of the 2000 and 2010 Review Conferences; 8. Underlines the recognition by States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of the legitimate interest of non-nuclear- weapon States in the constraining by the nuclear-weapon States of the development and qualitative improvement of nuclear weapons and their ending the development of advanced new types of nuclear weapons, and calls upon the nuclear-weapon States to take urgent steps in this regard; 9. Urges all nuclear-weapon States to immediately lower the operational readiness of nuclear-weapon systems in a verifiable and transparent manner with a view to ensuring that all nuclear weapons are removed from high alert status; 10. Encourages all States that are part of regional alliances that include nuclear-weapon States to diminish the role of nuclear weapons in their collective security doctrines, pending their total elimination; 11. Encourages States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to advance measures on the agreed principles of transparency, verifiability and irreversibility, taking into account that they are strongly interrelated and are not an end in themselves and are not a prerequisite to commence nuclear disarmament; 12. Stresses the necessity for enhanced transparency by the nuclear-weapon States with regard to their nuclear weapons capabilities and the implementation of A/RES/78/42 Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments 23-24513 6/7 their article VI obligations and nuclear disarmament-related commitments, and urges nuclear-weapon States to implement their nuclear disarmament obligations and commitments, both qualitative and quantitative, in a manner that strengthens accountability and enables all States parties to regularly monitor progress, including through a standard detailed reporting format, thereby enhancing transparency and increasing mutual confidence, and facilitating the evidence-based evaluation of progress towards the full implementation of article VI and nuclear disarmament commitments; 13. Urges the nuclear-weapon States to report at least twice during a Review Conference cycle at appropriate intervals, and to include in their reports to be submitted during the eleventh review cycle of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons concrete and detailed information concerning the implementation of their obligations and commitments on nuclear disarmament; 14. Encourages States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to improve the measurability of the implementation of nuclear disarmament obligations and commitments, including but not limited to measures on improved and more structured reporting by the nuclear-weapon States, tools such as a set of benchmarks, timelines and/or similar criteria, in order to ensure and facilitate the objective evaluation of progress, as well as the establishment of a structured dialogue on this issue at the Preparatory Committee meetings and at the Review Conference on these improved and more structured reports, facilitated by the Chairs of the Preparatory Committee meetings, who will provide a joint report to each Review Conference that includes specific recommendations, targets and indicators, to improve the monitoring of and reporting on article VI and disarmament-related commitments; 15. Encourages the nuclear-weapon States, as part of their national reporting, to include details on their plans related to the modernization of nuclear weapons; their nuclear capabilities, including quantity, type and status of nuclear warheads, as well as delivery vehicles; doctrinal issues; risk reduction measures; de-alerting measures; quantity of fissile material; and the number and type of weapons and delivery systems they have disarmed; 16. Encourages further steps by all nuclear-weapon States to ensure the irreversible removal of all fissile material designated by each nuclear-weapon State as no longer required for military purposes, and calls upon all States to support, within the context of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the development of appropriate nuclear disarmament verification capabilities and legally binding verification arrangements, thereby ensuring that such material remains permanently outside military programmes in a verifiable and irreversible manner; 17. Calls upon all States parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons to work towards the full implementation of the resolution on the Middle East adopted at the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 11 which is inextricably linked to the indefinite extension of the Treaty, and which remains valid until fully implemented; 18. Urges the co-sponsors of the 1995 resolution on the Middle East to exert their utmost efforts with a view to ensuring the early establishment of a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction as contained __________________ 11 See 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, Part I (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I) and NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I)/Corr.2), annex. Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments A/RES/78/42 7/7 23-24513 in the 1995 resolution on the Middle East, including through support for the convening of the conference on the establishment of such a zone; 19. Calls upon all concerned parties referred to in decision 73/546 of 22 December 2018 to actively engage in the sessions of the conference to elaborate a treaty to establish a Middle East zone free of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction, on the basis of arrangements freely arrived at by all States of the region; 20. Calls upon all States parties to spare no effort to achieve the universality of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and in this regard urges India, Israel and Pakistan to accede to the Treaty as non-nuclear-weapon States promptly and without conditions, and to place all their nuclear facilities under International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards, and further calls upon South Sudan to join the Treaty at the earliest opportunity; 21. Urges the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to fulfil its commitments, to abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programmes, to return, at an early date, to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and to adhere to its International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards agreement, 12 with a view to achieving the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula in a peaceful, complete, verifiable and irreversible manner, and calls for diplomatic efforts to this end; 22. Calls upon all Member States to reflect on the vast amount of resources dedicated to the maintenance, development and modernization of nuclear arsenals and to consider whether these resources could be better utilized in pursuit of a better future as envisaged in the Sustainable Development Goals; 23. Calls upon Member States to continue to support efforts to identify, elaborate, negotiate and implement further effective legally binding measures for nuclear disarmament, inter alia, the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, 13 and welcomes the outcomes of the first Meeting of States Parties to the Treaty, including the political declaration and action plan;14 24. Urges all States to exert all efforts to advance diplomatic dialogue and work together towards overcoming obstacles that are inhibiting substantive work within the international disarmament machinery to advance the agenda of nuclear disarmament, particularly through multilateral negotiations; 25. Recommends that additional measures be taken to advance nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation education, in particular to increase awareness of the risks and catastrophic impacts and humanitarian consequences of any nuclear detonation, recognizing the important contributions made by academia, civil society and victims of nuclear weapons to this end; 26. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Towards a nuclear-weapon-free world: accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments” and to review the implementation of the present resolution at that session. 42nd plenary meeting 4 December 2023 __________________ 12 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1677, No. 28986. 13 A/CONF.229/2017/8. 14 See TPNW/MSP/2022/6.
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A/RES/78/44
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2023 [on the report of the First Committee (A/78/409, para. 89)] 78/44. Reducing nuclear danger The General Assembly, Bearing in mind that the use of nuclear weapons poses the most serious threat to humankind and to the survival of civilization, Reaffirming that any use or threat of use of nuclear weapons would constitute a violation of the Charter of the United Nations, Convinced that the proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects would seriously enhance the danger of nuclear war, Convinced also that nuclear disarmament and the complete elimination of nuclear weapons are essential to remove the danger of nuclear war, Considering that, until nuclear weapons cease to exist, it is imperative on the part of the nuclear-weapon States to adopt measures that assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, Considering also that the hair-trigger alert of nuclear weapons carries unacceptable risks of unintentional or accidental use of nuclear weapons, which would have catastrophic consequences for all humankind, Emphasizing the need to adopt measures to avoid accidental, unauthorized or unexplained incidents arising from computer anomalies or other technical malfunctions, Conscious that limited steps relating to de-alerting and de-targeting have been taken by the nuclear-weapon States and that further practical, realistic and mutually reinforcing steps are necessary to contribute to the improvement in the international climate for negotiations leading to the elimination of nuclear weapons, A/RES/78/44 Reducing nuclear danger 23-24510 2/2 Mindful that a diminishing role for nuclear weapons in the security policies of nuclear-weapon States would have a positive impact on international peace and security and improve the conditions for the further reduction and the elimination of nuclear weapons, Reiterating the highest priority accorded to nuclear disarmament in the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly 1 and by the international community, Recalling the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons2 that there exists an obligation for all States to pursue in good faith and bring to a conclusion negotiations leading to nuclear disarmament in all its aspects under strict and effective international control, Recalling also the call, in the United Nations Millennium Declaration,3 to seek to eliminate the dangers posed by weapons of mass destruction and the resolve to strive for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction, particularly nuclear weapons, including the possibility of convening an international conference to identify ways of eliminating nuclear dangers, 1. Calls for a review of nuclear doctrines and, in this context, immediate and urgent steps to reduce the risks of unintentional and accidental use of nuclear weapons, including through de-alerting and de-targeting nuclear weapons; 2. Requests the five nuclear-weapon States to take measures towards the implementation of paragraph 1 above; 3. Calls upon Member States to take the measures necessary to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons in all its aspects and to promote nuclear disarmament, with the objective of eliminating nuclear weapons; 4. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to paragraph 5 of its resolution 77/74 of 7 December 2022;4 5. Requests the Secretary-General to intensify efforts and support initiatives that would contribute to the full implementation of the seven recommendations identified in the report of the Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters that would significantly reduce the risk of nuclear war, 5 and also to continue to encourage Member States to consider the convening of an international conference, as proposed in the United Nations Millennium Declaration, to identify ways of eliminating nuclear dangers, and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session; 6. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Reducing nuclear danger”. 42nd plenary meeting 4 December 2023 __________________ 1 Resolution S-10/2. 2 A/51/218, annex. 3 Resolution 55/2. 4 A/78/118. 5 A/56/400, para. 3.
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A/RES/78/45
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2023 [on the report of the First Committee (A/78/409, para. 89)] 78/45. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 54/54 B of 1 December 1999, 55/33 V of 20 November 2000, 56/24 M of 29 November 2001, 57/74 of 22 November 2002, 58/53 of 8 December 2003, 59/84 of 3 December 2004, 60/80 of 8 December 2005, 61/84 of 6 December 2006, 62/41 of 5 December 2007, 63/42 of 2 December 2008, 64/56 of 2 December 2009, 65/48 of 8 December 2010, 66/29 of 2 December 2011, 67/32 of 3 December 2012, 68/30 of 5 December 2013, 69/34 of 2 December 2014, 70/55 of 7 December 2015, 71/34 of 5 December 2016, 72/53 of 4 December 2017, 73/61 of 5 December 2018, 74/61 of 12 December 2019, 75/52 of 7 December 2020, 76/26 of 6 December 2021 and 77/63 of 7 December 2022, Reaffirming its determination to put an end to the suffering and casualties caused by anti-personnel mines, which kill or injure thousands of people – women, girls, boys and men – every year, and which place people living in affected areas at risk and hinder the development of their communities, Believing it necessary to do the utmost to contribute in an efficient and coordinated manner to facing the challenge of removing anti-personnel mines placed throughout the world and to assure their destruction, Wishing to do the utmost to ensure assistance for the care and rehabilitation, including the social and economic reintegration, of mine victims, Noting with satisfaction the work undertaken to implement the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel A/RES/78/45 Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction 23-24508 2/3 Mines and on Their Destruction 1 and the substantial progress made towards addressing the global anti-personnel landmine problem, Recalling the first to twentieth meetings of the States parties to the Convention, held in Maputo (1999), Geneva (2000), Managua (2001), Geneva (2002), Bangkok (2003), Zagreb (2005), Geneva (2006), the Dead Sea (2007), Geneva (2008 and 2010), Phnom Penh (2011), Geneva (2012, 2013 and 2015), Santiago (2016), Vienna (2017), Geneva (2018 and 2020), The Hague (2021) and Geneva (2022), and the First, Second, Third and Fourth Review Conferences of the States Parties to the Convention, held in Nairobi (2004), Cartagena, Colombia (2009), Maputo (2014) and Oslo (2019), Recalling also that, at the Fourth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention, the international community reviewed the implementation of the Convention and the States parties adopted a declaration and an action plan for the period 2020–2024 to support the enhanced implementation and promotion of the Convention, Underlining the importance of cooperation and assistance in the implementation of the Convention, including through the so-called individualized approach, which offers mine-affected countries a platform for presenting their challenges, Stressing the need to take into account gender aspects in mine action, Noting with satisfaction that 164 States have ratified or acceded to the Convention and have formally accepted the obligations of the Convention, Emphasizing the desirability of attracting the adherence of all States to the Convention, and determined to work strenuously towards the promotion of its universalization and norms, Noting with deep regret that anti-personnel mines continue to be used in some conflicts around the world, causing human suffering and impeding post-conflict development, 1. Invites all States that have not signed the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction to accede to it without delay; 2. Urges the one remaining State that has signed but has not ratified the Convention to ratify it without delay; 3. Stresses the importance of the full and effective implementation of and compliance with the Convention, including through the continued implementation of the action plans under the Convention; 4. Expresses strong concern regarding the use of anti-personnel mines in various parts of the world, including use highlighted in recent allegations, reports and documented evidence; 5. Urges all States parties to provide the Secretary-General with complete and timely information as required under article 7 of the Convention in order to promote transparency and compliance with the Convention; 6. Invites all States that have not ratified the Convention or acceded to it to provide, on a voluntary basis, information to make global mine action efforts more effective; 7. Renews its call upon all States and other relevant parties to work together to promote, support and advance the care, rehabilitation and social and economic reintegration of mine victims, mine risk education and reduction programmes and the __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2056, No. 35597. Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction A/RES/78/45 3/3 23-24508 removal and destruction of anti-personnel mines placed or stockpiled throughout the world; 8. Urges all States to remain seized of the issue at the highest political level and, where in a position to do so, to promote adherence to the Convention through bilateral, subregional, regional and multilateral contacts, outreach, seminars and other means, in particular in the light of the upcoming Fifth Review Conference; 9. Invites and encourages all interested States, the United Nations, other relevant international organizations or institutions, regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross and relevant non-governmental organizations to attend the Twenty-first Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention, to be held in Geneva from 20 to 24 November 2023, and to participate in the future programme of meetings of the States parties to the Convention; 10. Requests the Secretary-General, in accordance with article 12, paragraph 1, of the Convention, to undertake the preparations necessary to convene the Fifth Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention and, on behalf of the States parties and in accordance with article 12, paragraph 3, of the Convention, to invite States not parties to the Convention, as well as the United Nations, other relevant international organizations or institutions, regional organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross and relevant non-governmental organizations, to attend the Fifth Review Conference as observers; 11. Calls upon States parties and States participating in meetings to address issues arising from outstanding dues and to proceed promptly with the payment of their share of the estimated costs; 12. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session, under the item entitled “General and complete disarmament”, the sub-item entitled “Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction”.
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A/RES/78/51
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2023 [on the report of the First Committee (A/78/409, para. 89)] 78/51. Radiological weapons The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions related to a prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling and use of radiological weapons, including resolutions 2602 C (XXIV) of 16 December 1969, 34/87 A of 11 December 1979, 35/156 G of 12 December 1980, 36/97 B of 9 December 1981, 37/99 C of 13 December 1982, 38/188 D of 20 December 1983, 39/151 J of 17 December 1984, 40/94 D of 12 December 1985, 41/59 I of 3 December 1986, 42/38 F of 30 November 1987, 43/75 J of 7 December 1988, 44/116 T of 15 November 1989, 45/58 F of 4 December 1990, 46/36 E of 6 December 1991 and 47/52 B of 9 December 1992, Reaffirming that the Conference on Disarmament, as the single multilateral disarmament negotiating forum of the international community, has the primary role in substantive negotiations on priority questions of disarmament, Welcoming the work, in 1980, of the ad hoc committees of the Conference on Disarmament established with a view to reaching an agreement on a convention prohibiting the development, production, stockpiling and use of radiological weapons1 and the work of the related ad hoc committees undertaken as recently as 1992 in this regard, and welcoming also the extensive work done in the years following on this topic at the Conference under the long-standing agenda item entitled “New types of weapons of mass destruction and new systems of such weapons; radiological weapons”, Bearing in mind the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, the first special session devoted to disarmament, which was adopted by consensus, and wherein it was noted that progress towards the goal of general and complete disarmament can be achieved through the implementation of a programme __________________ 1 CD/133. A/RES/78/51 Radiological weapons 23-24492 2/2 of action on disarmament, and included in that programme of action was a measure that a convention should be concluded prohibiting the development, production, stockpiling, and use of radiological weapons,2 and expressing interest in taking steps towards this end, Seriously concerned that the use of radiological weapons could have significant health and economic impacts on civilian populations, Noting the extensive existing frameworks to address radiological threats with a focus on non-State actors, 3 including, among other instruments, the International Atomic Energy Agency Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources, its supplementary Guidance on the Import and Export of Radioactive Sources and its supplementary Guidance on the Management of Disused Radioactive Sources, and wishing to complement, rather than duplicate, these existing measures, Seeking to add to the landmark agreements that States have successfully concluded on nuclear, chemical and biological weapons through renewed efforts to address radiological weapons as a means to enhance international peace and security, Reaffirming the need to ensure the equal, full and meaningful participation of underrepresented groups and reflect gender perspectives and diverse participant perspectives in the negotiation process, 1. Calls upon all States not to use radiological weapons; 2. Also calls upon all States not to develop, produce or stockpile devices or materials for use as radiological weapons, while desiring to avoid interfering with the legitimate uses of radioactive materials; 3. Emphasizes that radiological weapons are a unique category of weapons distinct and separate from nuclear, chemical and biological weapons; 4. Urges the Conference on Disarmament to adopt, in 2024, a comprehensive and balanced programme of work that includes the commencement of negotiations to conclude, as an initial step on this issue, a legally binding multilateral prohibition of the use of radiological weapons by States. 42nd plenary meeting 4 December 2023 __________________ 2 Resolution S-10/2. 3 For the purposes of the present resolution, the General Assembly understands “non-State actor” to mean an individual or entity not acting under the lawful authority of any State in conducting activities that come within the scope of the present resolution.
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A/RES/78/66
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 4 December 2023 [on the report of the First Committee (A/78/414, para. 7)] 78/66. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty The General Assembly, Reiterating that the cessation of nuclear-weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosions constitutes an effective nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation measure, and convinced that this is a meaningful step in the realization of a systematic process for achieving nuclear disarmament, Recalling that the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, adopted by the General Assembly by its resolution 50/245 of 10 September 1996, was opened for signature on 24 September 1996, Stressing that a universal and effectively verifiable Treaty constitutes a fundamental instrument in the field of nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation and will be a major contribution to international peace and security, Stressing also the vital importance and urgency of achieving the entry into force of the Treaty, and affirming its resolute determination, 27 years after the Treaty was opened for signature, to achieve its entry into force, Encouraged by the signing of the Treaty by 187 States, including 41 of the 44 whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, and welcoming the ratification of the Treaty by 178 States, including 36 of the 44 whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, among which there are 3 nuclear-weapon States, Recognizing the sustained efforts by the Executive Secretary of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization to promote the universalization of the Treaty, and encouraging their continuation, Recalling its resolution 77/94 of 7 December 2022, Recalling also the adoption by consensus of the conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties A/RES/78/66 Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 23-24446 2/3 to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,1 in which the Conference, inter alia, reaffirmed the vital importance of the entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty as a core element of the international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation regime and included specific actions to be taken in support of the entry into force of the Treaty, Recalling further the Final Declaration adopted by the thirteenth Conference on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, held in New York on 22 September 2023, convened pursuant to article XIV of the Treaty, and recalling the joint statement issued by the Friends of the Comprehensive Nuclear- Test-Ban Treaty on 21 September 2022, Noting the contribution of diverse and inclusive participation in building and sustaining momentum for the universalization and entry into force of the Treaty, including through the Youth Group of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, Welcoming the sustained efforts within the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization for the equal participation of both men and women in its staff and its capacity-building programmes, and encouraging the continuation of such efforts, Welcoming also the continuing progress in the development of the Treaty’s verification regime, which advances the Treaty’s primary non-proliferation and disarmament objective, and the establishment of 305 certified facilities of the International Monitoring System network, Welcoming further the renewed focus on ensuring the continued operation and long-term sustainability of the verification regime, Recognizing the civil and scientific benefits provided by the Treaty’s global monitoring system, 1. Stresses the vital importance and urgency of signature and ratification, without delay and without conditions, in order to achieve the earliest entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty;2 2. Welcomes the contributions by the signatory States to the work of the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, in particular its efforts to ensure that the verification regime of the Treaty will be capable of meeting the verification requirements of the Treaty upon its entry into force, in accordance with article IV of the Treaty, and encourages their continuation; 3. Underlines the need to maintain momentum towards the completion of all elements of the verification regime; 4. Urges all States not to carry out nuclear-weapon test explosions or any other nuclear explosions, to maintain their moratoriums in this regard and to refrain from acts that would defeat the object and purpose of the Treaty, while stressing that these measures do not have the same permanent and legally binding effect as the entry into force of the Treaty; 5. Reiterates its condemnation of the six nuclear tests conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in violation of relevant Security Council __________________ 1 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2010/50 (Vol. I)), part I, Conclusions and recommendations for follow-on actions. 2 See resolution 50/245 and A/50/1027. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty A/RES/78/66 3/3 23-24446 resolutions, 3 urges full compliance with the obligations under those resolutions, including that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea abandon its nuclear weapons programme and not conduct any further nuclear tests, reaffirms its support for the complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula in a peaceful manner, welcomes all efforts and dialogue to this end, and encourages all parties to continue diplomatic efforts; 6. Urges all States that have not yet signed or ratified, or that have signed but not yet ratified, the Treaty, in particular those whose ratification is needed for its entry into force, to sign and ratify it as soon as possible and to accelerate their ratification processes with a view to ensuring their earliest successful conclusion; 7. Welcomes, since the adoption of its previous resolution on the subject, the signature of the Treaty by Somalia and the ratification of the Treaty by Solomon Islands and Sri Lanka, since each signature or ratification is a significant step towards the entry into force and universalization of the Treaty; 8. Encourages further expressions from among the remaining States whose ratification is needed for the Treaty to enter into force of their intention to pursue and complete the ratification process; 9. Urges all States to remain seized of the issue at the highest political level and, where in a position to do so, to promote adherence to the Treaty through bilateral and joint outreach, seminars and other means; 10. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session the item entitled “Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty”. 42nd plenary meeting 4 December 2023 __________________ 3 Including Security Council resolutions 1718 (2006), 1874 (2009), 2094 (2013), 2270 (2016), 2321 (2016) and 2375 (2017).
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A/RES/78/7
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 2 November 2023 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/78/L.5)] 78/7. Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States of America against Cuba The General Assembly, Determined to encourage strict compliance with the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming, among other principles, the sovereign equality of States, non-intervention and non-interference in their internal affairs and freedom of international trade and navigation, which are also enshrined in many international legal instruments, Recalling the statements of the Heads of State or Government of Latin America and the Caribbean at the Summits of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States regarding the need to put an end to the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed against Cuba, Concerned about the continued promulgation and application by Member States of laws and regulations, such as that promulgated on 12 March 1996 known as “the Helms-Burton Act”, the extraterritorial effects of which affect the sovereignty of other States, the legitimate interests of entities or persons under their jurisdiction and the freedom of trade and navigation, Taking note of declarations and resolutions of different intergovernmental forums, bodies and Governments that express the rejection by the international community and public opinion of the promulgation and application of measures of the kind referred to above, Recalling its resolutions 47/19 of 24 November 1992, 48/16 of 3 November 1993, 49/9 of 26 October 1994, 50/10 of 2 November 1995, 51/17 of 12 November A/RES/78/7 Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States of America against Cuba 23-21472 2/2 1996, 52/10 of 5 November 1997, 53/4 of 14 October 1998, 54/21 of 9 November 1999, 55/20 of 9 November 2000, 56/9 of 27 November 2001, 57/11 of 12 November 2002, 58/7 of 4 November 2003, 59/11 of 28 October 2004, 60/12 of 8 November 2005, 61/11 of 8 November 2006, 62/3 of 30 October 2007, 63/7 of 29 October 2008, 64/6 of 28 October 2009, 65/6 of 26 October 2010, 66/6 of 25 October 2011, 67/4 of 13 November 2012, 68/8 of 29 October 2013, 69/5 of 28 October 2014, 70/5 of 27 October 2015, 71/5 of 26 October 2016, 72/4 of 1 November 2017, 73/8 of 1 November 2018, 74/7 of 7 November 2019, 75/289 of 23 June 2021 and 77/7 of 3 November 2022 and its decision 76/563 of 11 May 2022, Recalling also the measures adopted by the Executive of the United States of America in 2015 and 2016 to modify several aspects of the application of the embargo, which contrast with the measures applied since 2017 to reinforce its implementation, Concerned that, since the adoption of its resolutions 47/19, 48/16, 49/9, 50/10, 51/17, 52/10, 53/4, 54/21, 55/20, 56/9, 57/11, 58/7, 59/11, 60/12, 61/11, 62/3, 63/7, 64/6, 65/6, 66/6, 67/4, 68/8, 69/5, 70/5, 71/5, 72/4, 73/8, 74/7, 75/289 and 77/7, the economic, commercial and financial embargo against Cuba is still in place, and concerned also about the adverse effects of such measures on the Cuban people and on Cuban nationals living in other countries, 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of resolution 77/7;1 2. Reiterates its call upon all States to refrain from promulgating and applying laws and measures of the kind referred to in the preamble to the present resolution, in conformity with their obligations under the Charter of the United Nations and international law, which, inter alia, reaffirm the freedom of trade and navigation; 3. Once again urges States that have and continue to apply such laws and measures to take the steps necessary to repeal or invalidate them as soon as possible in accordance with their legal regime; 4. Requests the Secretary-General, in consultation with the appropriate organs and agencies of the United Nations system, to prepare a report on the implementation of the present resolution in the light of the purposes and principles of the Charter and international law and to submit it to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session; 5. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its seventy-ninth session the item entitled “Necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States of America against Cuba”. 26th plenary meeting 2 November 2023 __________________ 1 A/78/84.
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A/RES/78/82
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2023 [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/78/426, para. 8)] 78/82. Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories The General Assembly, Having considered the item entitled “Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories”, Having examined the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples for 2023,1 Recalling its resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960, as well as all its other relevant resolutions, including, in particular, resolutions 46/181 of 19 December 1991, 55/146 of 8 December 2000, 65/119 of 10 December 2010 and 75/123 of 10 December 2020, Reaffirming the solemn obligation of the administering Powers under the Charter of the United Nations to promote the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the inhabitants of the Territories under their administration and to protect the human and natural resources of those Territories against abuses, Reaffirming also that any economic or other activity, including the use of the Non-Self-Governing Territories for military activity, that has a negative impact on the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and on the exercise of their right to self-determination in conformity with the Charter, General Assembly __________________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Seventy-eighth Session, Supplement No. 23 (A/78/23). A/RES/78/82 Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories 23-24939 2/4 resolution 1514 (XV) and the other relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization is contrary to the purposes and principles of the Charter, Reaffirming further that the natural resources are the heritage of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, including the Indigenous populations, Taking into account its resolution 1803 (XVII) of 14 December 1962 regarding the sovereignty of peoples over their natural wealth and resources in accordance with the Charter and the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization, Aware of the special circumstances of the geographical location, size and economic conditions of each Territory, and bearing in mind the need to promote the stability, diversification and strengthening of the economy of each Territory, Conscious of the particular vulnerability of the small Territories to hurricanes, natural phenomena or other extreme weather events and environmental degradation, Reaffirming its deep concern at the number and scale of hurricanes, natural phenomena or other extreme weather events and their devastating impact in 2017 in the Non-Self-Governing Territories in the Caribbean Sea, resulting in the loss of life and negative economic, social and environmental consequences for their vulnerable societies and hampering the achievement of sustainable development in these Territories, in particular in Anguilla, the British Virgin Islands, the Turks and Caicos Islands and the United States Virgin Islands, as well as in Puerto Rico, whose situation is addressed in the Special Committee, Stressing the importance of inclusiveness within the United Nations development system and with respect to the implementation of relevant General Assembly resolutions, including resolution 70/1 of 25 September 2015, entitled “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”, and resolution 77/164 of 14 December 2022 on disaster risk reduction, Conscious that foreign economic investment, when undertaken in collaboration with the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and in accordance with their wishes, could make a valid contribution to the socioeconomic development of the Territories and to the exercise of their right to self-determination in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations, Concerned about any activities aimed at exploiting the natural and human resources of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to the detriment of the interests of the inhabitants of those Territories, Bearing in mind the relevant provisions of the final documents of the successive Conferences of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries and of the resolutions adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union, the Pacific Islands Forum and the Caribbean Community, 1. Reaffirms the right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to self-determination in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations and with General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), containing the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, and with other relevant resolutions of the United Nations, as well as their right to the enjoyment of their natural resources and their right to dispose of those resources in their best interest; 2. Affirms the value of foreign economic investment undertaken in collaboration with the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories and in accordance with their wishes in order to make a valid contribution to the socioeconomic development of the Territories, especially during times of economic and financial crisis; Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories A/RES/78/82 3/4 23-24939 3. Reaffirms the responsibility of the administering Powers under the Charter to promote the political, economic, social and educational advancement of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and also reaffirms the legitimate rights of their peoples over their natural resources; 4. Reaffirms its concern about any activities aimed at the exploitation of the natural resources that are the heritage of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, including the Indigenous populations, in the Caribbean, the Pacific and other regions, and of their human resources, to the detriment of their interests, and in such a way as to deprive them of their right to dispose of those resources; 5. Reaffirms the need to avoid any economic or other activities, including the use of the Non-Self-Governing Territories for military activity, that adversely affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and in this regard reminds the administering Powers of their responsibility and accountability vis-à-vis any detriment to the interests of the peoples of those Territories, in accordance with relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization; 6. Calls once again upon all Governments that have not yet done so to take, in accordance with the relevant provisions of General Assembly resolution 2621 (XXV) of 12 October 1970, legislative, administrative or other measures in respect of their nationals and the bodies corporate under their jurisdiction that own and operate enterprises in the Non-Self-Governing Territories that are detrimental to the interests of the inhabitants of those Territories, in order to put an end to such enterprises; 7. Calls upon the administering Powers to ensure that the exploitation of the marine and other natural resources in the Non-Self-Governing Territories under their administration is not in violation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations and does not adversely affect the interests of the peoples of those Territories; 8. Invites all Governments and organizations of the United Nations system to take all possible measures to ensure that the permanent sovereignty of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories over their natural resources is fully respected and safeguarded in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization; 9. Once again urges the administering Powers concerned to take effective measures to safeguard and guarantee the inalienable right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to their natural resources and to establish and maintain control over the future development of those resources, and requests the administering Powers to take all steps necessary to protect the property rights of the peoples of those Territories in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization; 10. Calls upon the administering Powers concerned to ensure that no discriminatory working conditions prevail in the Territories under their administration and to promote in each Territory a fair system of wages applicable to all the inhabitants without any discrimination; 11. Also calls upon the administering Powers concerned to provide all the necessary assistance to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories affected by hurricanes, natural phenomena or other extreme weather events in order to alleviate the humanitarian needs in the affected communities, support the recovery and rebuilding efforts and enhance capabilities for emergency preparedness and risk reduction; 12. Encourages the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and regional organizations to continue to provide assistance to the A/RES/78/82 Economic and other activities which affect the interests of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories 23-24939 4/4 Non-Self-Governing Territories affected by hurricanes, natural phenomena or other extreme weather events and to formulate appropriate programmes to support emergency response and recovery and rebuilding efforts, and requests the Secretary- General to report to the General Assembly on this matter; 13. Requests the Secretary-General to continue, through all means at his disposal, to inform world public opinion of any activity that affects the exercise of the right of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to self-determination in conformity with the Charter, General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and the other relevant resolutions of the United Nations on decolonization; 14. Appeals to trade unions and non-governmental organizations, as well as individuals, to continue their efforts to promote the economic well-being of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories, and also appeals to the media to disseminate information about the developments in this regard; 15. Decides to follow the situation in the Non-Self-Governing Territories so as to ensure that all economic activities in those Territories are aimed at strengthening and diversifying their economies in the interest of their peoples, in particular the Indigenous populations, and at promoting the economic and financial viability of those Territories; 16. Requests the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples to continue to examine this question and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its seventy-ninth session.
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A/RES/ES-10/13
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/ES-10/L.15)] ES-10/13. Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory The General Assembly, Recalling its relevant resolutions, including resolutions of the tenth emergency special session, Recalling also Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 267 (1969) of 3 July 1969, 298 (1971) of 25 September 1971, 446 (1979) of 22 March 1979, 452 (1979) of 20 July 1979, 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980, 476 (1980) of 30 June 1980, 478 (1980) of 20 August 1980, 904 (1994) of 18 March 1994, 1073 (1996) of 28 September 1996 and 1397 (2002) of 12 March 2002, Reaffirming the principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, Reaffirming also its vision of a region where two States, Israel and Palestine, live side by side within secure and recognized borders, Condemning all acts of violence, terrorism and destruction, Condemning in particular the suicide bombings and their recent intensification with the attack in Haifa, Condemning the bomb attack in the Gaza Strip, which resulted in the death of three American security officers, Deploring the extrajudicial killings and their recent intensification, in particular the attack on 20 October 2003 in Gaza, Stressing the urgency of ending the current violent situation on the ground, the need to end the occupation that began in 1967, and the need to achieve peace based on the vision of two States mentioned above, Particularly concerned that the route marked out for the wall under construction by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, could prejudge future negotiations and make the two-State solution physically impossible to implement and would cause further humanitarian hardship to the Palestinians, A/RES/ES-10/13 2 Reiterating its call upon Israel, the occupying Power, to fully and effectively respect the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949,1 Reiterating its opposition to settlement activities in the Occupied Territories and to any activities involving the confiscation of land, disruption of the livelihood of protected persons and the de facto annexation of land, 1. Demands that Israel stop and reverse the construction of the wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, which is in departure of the Armistice Line of 1949 and is in contradiction to relevant provisions of international law; 2. Calls upon both parties to fulfil their obligations under relevant provisions of the road map,2 the Palestinian Authority to undertake visible efforts on the ground to arrest, disrupt and restrain individuals and groups conducting and planning violent attacks, and the Government of Israel to take no actions undermining trust, including deportations and attacks on civilians and extrajudicial killings; 3. Requests the Secretary-General to report on compliance with the present resolution periodically, with the first report on compliance with paragraph 1 above to be submitted within one month and upon receipt of which further actions should be considered, if necessary, within the United Nations system; 4. Decides to adjourn the tenth emergency special session temporarily and to authorize the current President of the General Assembly to resume its meeting upon request from Member States. 22nd plenary meeting 21 October 2003 _______________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973. 2 S/2003/529, annex.
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A/RES/ES-10/14
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/ES-10/L.16)] ES-10/14. Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory The General Assembly, Reaffirming its resolution ES-10/13 of 21 October 2003, Guided by the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Aware of the established principle of international law on the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, Aware also that developing friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples is among the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Recalling relevant General Assembly resolutions, including resolution 181 (II) of 29 November 1947, which partitioned mandated Palestine into two States, one Arab and one Jewish, Recalling also the resolutions of the tenth emergency special session of the General Assembly, Recalling further relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973, 267 (1969) of 3 July 1969, 298 (1971) of 25 September 1971, 446 (1979) of 22 March 1979, 452 (1979) of 20 July 1979, 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980, 476 (1980) of 30 June 1980, 478 (1980) of 20 August 1980, 904 (1994) of 18 March 1994, 1073 (1996) of 28 September 1996, 1397 (2002) of 12 March 2002 and 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003, Reaffirming the applicability of the Fourth Geneva Convention1 as well as Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions2 to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, _______________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973. 2 Ibid., vol 1125, No. 17512. A/RES/ES-10/14 2 Recalling the Regulations annexed to the Hague Convention Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land of 1907,3 Welcoming the convening of the Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention on measures to enforce the Convention in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, at Geneva on 15 July 1999, Expressing its support for the declaration adopted by the reconvened Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention at Geneva on 5 December 2001, Recalling in particular relevant United Nations resolutions affirming that Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, are illegal and an obstacle to peace and to economic and social development as well as those demanding the complete cessation of settlement activities, Recalling relevant United Nations resolutions affirming that actions taken by Israel, the occupying Power, to change the status and demographic composition of Occupied East Jerusalem have no legal validity and are null and void, Noting the agreements reached between the Government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in the context of the Middle East peace process, Gravely concerned at the commencement and continuation of construction by Israel, the occupying Power, of a wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including in and around East Jerusalem, which is in departure from the Armistice Line of 1949 (Green Line) and which has involved the confiscation and destruction of Palestinian land and resources, the disruption of the lives of thousands of protected civilians and the de facto annexation of large areas of territory, and underlining the unanimous opposition by the international community to the construction of that wall, Gravely concerned also at the even more devastating impact of the projected parts of the wall on the Palestinian civilian population and on the prospects for solving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and establishing peace in the region, Welcoming the report of 8 September 2003 of the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied by Israel since 1967,4 in particular the section regarding the wall, Affirming the necessity of ending the conflict on the basis of the two-State solution of Israel and Palestine living side by side in peace and security based on the Armistice Line of 1949, in accordance with relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions, Having received with appreciation the report of the Secretary-General, submitted in accordance with resolution ES-10/13,5 _______________ 3 See Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907 (New York, Oxford University Press, 1915). 4 E/CN.4/2004/6. 5 A/ES-10/248.
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A/RES/ES-10/21
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 27 October 2023 [without reference to a Main Committee (A/ES-10/L.25)] ES-10/21. Protection of civilians and upholding legal and humanitarian obligations The General Assembly, Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Recalling its relevant resolutions regarding the question of Palestine, Reaffirming the obligation to respect and ensure respect for international humanitarian law in all circumstances in accordance with article 1 of the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949,1 Recalling the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, including resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973, 446 (1979) of 22 March 1979, 452 (1979) of 20 July 1979, 465 (1980) of 1 March 1980, 476 (1980) of 30 June 1980, 478 (1980) of 20 August 1980, 904 (1994) of 18 March 1994, 1397 (2002) of 12 March 2002, 1515 (2003) of 19 November 2003, 1850 (2008) of 16 December 2008, 1860 (2009) of 8 January 2009 and 2334 (2016) of 23 December 2016, Recalling also Security Council resolutions on the protection of civilians in armed conflict, including on children and armed conflict, Expressing grave concern at the latest escalation of violence since the 7 October 2023 attack and the grave deterioration of the situation in the region, in particular in the Gaza Strip and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in Israel, Condemning all acts of violence aimed at Palestinian and Israeli civilians, including all acts of terrorism and indiscriminate attacks, as well as all acts of provocation, incitement and destruction, __________________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, Nos. 970–973. A/RES/ES–10/21 Protection of civilians and upholding legal and humanitarian obligations 23-21048 2/3 Recalling the need to uphold the principles of distinction, necessity, proportionality and precaution in the conduct of hostilities, Emphasizing that civilians must be protected, in accordance with international humanitarian law and international human rights law, and deploring in this regard the heavy civilian casualties and widespread destruction, Emphasizing also the need to pursue accountability, and stressing in this regard the importance of ensuring independent and transparent investigations in accordance with international standards, Expressing grave concern at the catastrophic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip and at its vast consequences for the civilian population, largely comprising children, and underlining the need for full, immediate, safe, unhindered and sustained humanitarian access, Expressing strong support for the efforts of the Secretary-General and for his calls for the immediate and unrestricted access of humanitarian aid to respond to the most basic needs of the Palestinian civilian population in the Gaza Strip, underlining the Secretary-General’s message that food, water, medicine and fuel need to be sustained and at scale, and expressing its appreciation for the critical role played by Egypt in this regard, Expressing strong support also for all regional and international efforts aimed at achieving an immediate cessation of hostilities, ensuring the protection of civilians and providing humanitarian aid, 1. Calls for an immediate, durable and sustained humanitarian truce leading to a cessation of hostilities; 2. Demands that all parties immediately and fully comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, particularly in regard to the protection of civilians and civilian objects, as well as the protection of humanitarian personnel, persons hors de combat, and humanitarian facilities and assets, and to enable and facilitate humanitarian access for essential supplies and services to reach all civilians in need in the Gaza Strip; 3. Also demands the immediate, continuous, sufficient and unhindered provision of essential goods and services to civilians throughout the Gaza Strip, including but not limited to water, food, medical supplies, fuel and electricity, stressing the imperative, under international humanitarian law, of ensuring that civilians are not deprived of objects indispensable to their survival; 4. Calls for immediate, full, sustained, safe and unhindered humanitarian access for the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East and other United Nations humanitarian agencies and their implementing partners, the International Committee of the Red Cross and all other humanitarian organizations upholding humanitarian principles and delivering urgent assistance to civilians in the Gaza Strip, encourages the establishment of humanitarian corridors and other initiatives to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid to civilians, and welcomes efforts in this regard; 5. Also calls for the rescinding of the order by Israel, the occupying Power, for Palestinian civilians and United Nations staff, as well as humanitarian and medical workers, to evacuate all areas in the Gaza Strip north of the Wadi Gaza and relocate to southern Gaza, recalls and reiterates that civilians are protected under international humanitarian law and should receive humanitarian assistance wherever they are, and reiterates the need to take appropriate steps to ensure the safety and well-being of Protection of civilians and upholding legal and humanitarian obligations A/RES/ES–10/21 3/3 23-21048 civilians, in particular children, and their protection, and allowing their safe movement; 6. Firmly rejects any attempts at the forced transfer of the Palestinian civilian population; 7. Calls for the immediate and unconditional release of all civilians who are being illegally held captive, demanding their safety, well-being and humane treatment in compliance with international law; 8. Also calls for respect and protection, consistent with international humanitarian law, of all civilian and humanitarian facilities, including hospitals and other medical facilities, as well as their means of transport and equipment, schools, places of worship and United Nations facilities, as well as all of humanitarian and medical personnel and journalists, media professionals and associated personnel, in armed conflict in the region; 9. Stresses the particularly grave impact that armed conflict has on women and children, including as refugees and displaced persons, as well as on other civilians who may have specific vulnerabilities, including persons with disabilities and older persons; 10. Also stresses the need to urgently establish a mechanism to ensure the protection of the Palestinian civilian population, in accordance with international law and the relevant United Nations resolutions; 11. Further stresses the importance of a humanitarian notification mechanism to ensure the protection of United Nations facilities and all humanitarian installations, and to ensure the unimpeded movement of aid convoys; 12. Emphasizes the importance of preventing further destabilization and escalation of violence in the region, and in this regard calls upon all parties to exercise maximum restraint and upon all those with influence on them to work toward this objective; 13. Reaffirms that a just and lasting solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can only be achieved by peaceful means, based on the relevant United Nations resolutions and in accordance with international law, and on the basis of the two-State solution; 14. Decides to adjourn the tenth emergency special session temporarily and to authorize the President of the General Assembly at its most recent session to resume its meeting upon request from Member States.
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A/RES/ES-10/8
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/ES-10/L.7)] ES-10/8 Illegal Israeli actions in Occupied East Jerusalem and the rest of the Occupied Palestinian Territory The General Assembly, Recalling its relevant resolutions, Recalling also relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolution 1322 (2000) of 7 October 2000, Emphasizing the need for a just, lasting and comprehensive peace in the Middle East based on Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967 and 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973 and the principle of land for peace, Emphasizing also in that regard the essential role of the Palestinian Authority, which remains the indispensable and legitimate party for peace and needs to be preserved fully, Expressing its grave concern at the continuation of the tragic and violent events that have taken place since September 2000, Expressing also its grave concern at the recent dangerous deterioration of the situation and its possible impact on the region, Emphasizing further the importance of the safety and well-being of all civilians in the whole Middle East region, and condemning in particular all acts of violence and terror resulting in the deaths and injuries among Palestinian and Israeli civilians, Expressing its determination to contribute to ending the violence and to promoting dialogue between the Israeli and Palestinian sides, Reiterating the need for the two sides to comply with their obligations under the existing agreements, A/RES/ES-10/8 2 Also reiterating the need for Israel, the occupying Power, to abide scrupulously by its legal obligations and responsibilities under the Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949,1 1. Demands the immediate cessation of all acts of violence, provocation and destruction, as well as the return to the positions and arrangements that existed prior to September 2000; 2. Condemns all acts of terror, in particular those targeting civilians; 3. Also condemns all acts of extrajudiciary executions, excessive use of force and wide destruction of properties; 4. Calls upon the two sides to start the comprehensive and immediate implementation of the recommendations made in the report of the Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee (Mitchell report) in a speedy manner; 5. Encourages all concerned to establish a monitoring mechanism to help the parties implement the recommendations of the report of the Fact-Finding Committee and to help to create a better situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory; 6. Calls for the resumption of negotiations between the two sides within the Middle East peace process on its agreed basis, taking into consideration developments in previous discussions between the two sides, and urges them to reach a final agreement on all issues, on the basis of their previous agreements, with the objective of implementing Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) and 338 (1973); 7. Decides to remain seized of the matter. 15th plenary meeting 20 December 2001 _______________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973.
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A/RES/55/139
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/55/576)] 55/139. Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations The General Assembly, Having considered the item entitled “Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations”, Having also considered the report of the Secretary-General on the item,1 Having examined the chapter of the report of the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples relating to the item,2 Recalling its resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960 and 1541 (XV) of 15 December 1960 and the resolutions of the Special Committee, as well as other relevant resolutions and decisions, including in particular Economic and Social Council resolution 1999/52 of 29 July 1999, Bearing in mind the relevant provisions of the final documents of the successive Conferences of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries and of the resolutions adopted by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity, the South Pacific Forum and the Caribbean Community, Conscious of the need to facilitate the implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in resolution 1514 (XV), Noting that the large majority of the remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories are small island Territories, 1 A/55/72 and Corr.1. 2 A/55/23 (Part II), chap. VII. For the final text, see Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 23 . A/RES/55/139 2 Welcoming the assistance extended to Non-Self-Governing Territories by certain specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in particular the United Nations Development Programme, Also welcoming the current participation in the capacity of observer of those Non-Self-Governing Territories that are associate members of regional commissions in the world conferences in the economic and social sphere, subject to the rules of procedure of the General Assembly and in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions and decisions, including resolutions and decisions of the Assembly and the Special Committee on specific Territories, and in the special session of the General Assembly on the overall review and appraisal of the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, held at Headquarters from 30 June to 2 July 1999, Noting that only some specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system have been involved in providing assistance to Non-Self- Governing Territories, Stressing that, because the development options of the small island Non-Self- Governing Territories are limited, there are special challenges to planning for and implementing sustainable development and that those Territories will be constrained in meeting the challenges without the continued cooperation and assistance of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, Stressing also the importance of securing the necessary resources for funding expanded assistance programmes for the peoples concerned and the need to enlist the support of all major funding institutions within the United Nations system in that regard, Reaffirming the mandates of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to take all appropriate measures, within their respective spheres of competence, to ensure the full implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions, Expressing its appreciation to the Organization of African Unity, the South Pacific Forum, the Caribbean Community and other regional organizations for the continued cooperation and assistance they have extended to the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in this regard, Expressing its conviction that closer contacts and consultations between and among the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and regional organizations help to facilitate the effective formulation of assistance programmes to the peoples concerned, Mindful of the imperative need to keep under continuous review the activities of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in the implementation of the various United Nations decisions relating to decolonization, Bearing in mind the extremely fragile economies of the small island Non-Self- Governing Territories and their vulnerability to natural disasters, such as hurricanes, cyclones and sea-level rise, and recalling its relevant resolutions, Recalling its resolution 54/85 of 6 December 1999 on the implementation of the Declaration by the specialized agencies and the international institutions associated with the United Nations, A/RES/55/139 3 1. Takes note of the report of the Secretary-General;1 2. Recommends that all States intensify their efforts in the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to ensure the full and effective implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, contained in General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV), and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations; 3. Reaffirms that the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system should continue to be guided by the relevant resolutions of the United Nations in their efforts to contribute to the implementation of the Declaration and all other relevant General Assembly resolutions; 4. Reaffirms also that the recognition by the General Assembly, the Security Council and other United Nations organs of the legitimacy of the aspirations of the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories to exercise their right to self- determination entails, as a corollary, the extension of all appropriate assistance to those peoples; 5. Expresses its appreciation to those specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system that have continued to cooperate with the United Nations and the regional and subregional organizations in the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations, and requests all the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system to implement the relevant provisions of those resolutions; 6. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and international and regional organizations to examine and review conditions in each Territory so as to take appropriate measures to accelerate progress in the economic and social sectors of the Territories; 7. Urges those specialized agencies and organizations of the United Nations system that have not yet provided assistance to Non-Self-Governing Territories to do so as soon as possible; 8. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations and institutions of the United Nations system and regional organizations to strengthen existing measures of support and formulate appropriate programmes of assistance to the remaining Non-Self-Governing Territories, within the framework of their respective mandates, in order to accelerate progress in the economic and social sectors of those Territories; 9. Requests the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system concerned to provide information on: (a) Environmental problems facing the Non-Self-Governing Territories; (b) The impact of natural disasters, such as hurricanes and volcanic eruptions, and other environmental problems, such as beach and coastal erosion and droughts, on those Territories; (c) Ways and means to assist the Territories to fight drug trafficking, money-laundering and other illegal and criminal activities; A/RES/55/139 4 (d) The illegal exploitation of the marine resources of the Territories and the need to utilize those resources for the benefit of the peoples of the Territories; 10. Recommends that the executive heads of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system formulate, with the active cooperation of the regional organizations concerned, concrete proposals for the full implementation of the relevant resolutions of the United Nations and submit the proposals to their governing and legislative organs; 11. Also recommends that the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system continue to review at the regular meetings of their governing bodies the implementation of General Assembly resolution 1514 (XV) and other relevant resolutions of the United Nations; 12. Welcomes the continuing initiative exercised by the United Nations Development Programme in maintaining close liaison among the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system and in providing assistance to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories; 13. Encourages Non-Self-Governing Territories to take steps to establish and/or strengthen disaster preparedness and management institutions and policies; 14. Requests the administering Powers concerned to facilitate, when appropriate, the participation of appointed and elected representatives of Non-Self- Governing Territories in the relevant meetings and conferences of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system, in accordance with relevant United Nations resolutions and decisions, including resolutions and decisions of the General Assembly and the Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples on specific Territories, so that the Territories may benefit from the related activities of those agencies and organizations; 15. Recommends that all Governments intensify their efforts in the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system of which they are members to accord priority to the question of providing assistance to the peoples of the Non-Self-Governing Territories; 16. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to assist the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in working out appropriate measures for implementing the relevant resolutions of the United Nations and to prepare for submission to the relevant bodies, with the assistance of those agencies and organizations, a report on the action taken in implementation of the relevant resolutions, including the present resolution, since the circulation of his previous report; 17. Commends the Economic and Social Council for its debate and resolution on this question, and requests it to continue to consider, in consultation with the Special Committee, appropriate measures for coordination of the policies and activities of the specialized agencies and other organizations of the United Nations system in implementing the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly; 18. Requests the specialized agencies to report periodically to the Secretary- General on the implementation of the present resolution; 19. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit the present resolution to the governing bodies of the appropriate specialized agencies and international A/RES/55/139 5 institutions associated with the United Nations so that those bodies may take the necessary measures to implement it, and also requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its fifty-sixth session on the implementation of the present resolution; 20. Requests the Special Committee to continue to examine the question and to report thereon to the General Assembly at its fifty-sixth session.
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A/RES/55/180B
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Fifth Committee (A/55/681/Add.1)] 55/180. Financing of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon B1 The General Assembly, Having considered the reports of the Secretary-General on the financing of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon2 and the related reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,3 Bearing in mind Security Council resolution 425 (1978) of 19 March 1978, by which the Council established the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, and the subsequent resolutions by which the Council extended the mandate of the Force, the latest of which was resolution 1337 (2001) of 30 January 2001, Recalling its resolutions S-8/2 of 21 April 1978 on the financing of the Force and its subsequent resolutions thereon, the latest of which was resolution 55/180 A of 19 December 2000, Reaffirming its resolutions 51/233 of 13 June 1997, 52/237 of 26 June 1998, 53/227 of 8 June 1999, 54/267 of 15 June 2000 and 55/180 A, Reaffirming also the general principles underlying the financing of United Nations peacekeeping operations, as stated in General Assembly resolutions 1874 (S-IV) of 27 June 1963, 3101 (XXVIII) of 11 December 1973 and 55/235 of 23 December 2000, Noting with appreciation that voluntary contributions have been made to the Force, Mindful of the fact that it is essential to provide the Force with the necessary financial resources to enable it to fulfil its responsibilities under the relevant resolutions of the Security Council, Concerned that the Secretary-General continues to face difficulties in meeting the obligations of the Force on a current basis, including reimbursement to current and former troop-contributing States, 1 Consequently, resolution 55/180, in section VI of the Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty- fifth Session, Supplement No. 49 (A/55/49), vol. I, becomes resolution 55/180 A. 2 A/55/482/Add.1 and A/55/757. 3 A/55/874 and A/55/885. See also Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-fifth Session, Fifth Committee, 48th meeting (A/C.5/55/SR.48), and corrigendum. A/RES/55/180 B 2 Concerned also that the surplus balances in the Special Account for the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon have been used to meet expenses of the Force in order to compensate for the lack of income resulting from non-payment and late payment by Member States of their contributions, 1. Reaffirms its resolution 49/233 A of 23 December 1994, in particular those paragraphs regarding the peacekeeping budgetary cycles, which should be adhered to in the future budgetary process, where possible; 2. Expresses its deep concern that Israel did not comply with its resolutions 51/233, 52/237, 53/227, 54/267 and 55/180 A; 3. Stresses once again that Israel should strictly abide by its resolutions 51/233, 52/237, 53/227, 54/267 and 55/180 A; 4. Takes note of the status of contributions to the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon as at 30 April 2001, including the contributions outstanding in the amount of 124.5 million United States dollars, representing 3.9 per cent of the total assessed contributions from the inception of the Force to the period ending 31 January 2001, notes that some 20 per cent of the Member States have paid their assessed contributions in full, and urges all other Member States concerned, in particular those in arrears, to ensure payment of their outstanding assessed contributions; 5. Expresses its appreciation to those Member States which have paid their assessed contributions in full; 6. Expresses concern about the financial situation with regard to peacekeeping activities, in particular as regards the reimbursements to troop contributors that bear additional burdens owing to overdue payments by Member States of their assessments; 7. Urges all other Member States to make every possible effort to ensure payment of their assessed contributions to the Force in full and on time; 8. Expresses concern at the delay experienced by the Secretary-General in deploying and providing adequate resources to some recent peacekeeping missions, in particular those in Africa; 9. Emphasizes that all future and existing peacekeeping missions shall be given equal and non-discriminatory treatment in respect of financial and administrative arrangements; 10. Also emphasizes that all peacekeeping missions shall be provided with adequate resources for the effective and efficient discharge of their respective mandates; 11. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to make the fullest possible use of facilities and equipment at the United Nations Logistics Base at Brindisi, Italy, in order to minimize the costs of procurement for the Force; 12. Endorses the conclusions and recommendations contained in the reports of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions,4 and requests the Secretary-General to ensure full implementation; 13. Requests the Secretary-General to take all necessary action to ensure that the Force is administered with a maximum of efficiency and economy; 4 A/55/874, para. 10 (a) and A/55/885. See also Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-fifth Session, Fifth Committee, 48th meeting (A/C.5/55/SR.48), and corrigendum. A/RES/55/180 B 3 14. Also requests the Secretary-General, in order to reduce the cost of employing General Service staff, to continue efforts to recruit local staff for the Force against General Service posts, commensurate with the requirements of the Force; 15. Reiterates its request to the Secretary-General to take the necessary measures to ensure the full implementation of paragraph 8 of General Assembly resolution 51/233, paragraph 5 of its resolution 52/237, paragraph 11 of its resolution 53/227, paragraph 14 of its resolution 54/267 and paragraph 14 of its resolution 55/180 A, stresses once again that Israel shall pay the amount of 1,284,633 dollars resulting from the incident at Qana on 18 April 1996, and requests the Secretary-General to report on this matter to the Assembly during the main part of its fifty-sixth session; 16. Decides to reduce the appropriation provided by the General Assembly in its resolutions 54/267 and 55/180 A from the amount of 233,592,094 dollars gross (228,191,141 dollars net), inclusive of the amount of 6,967,059 dollars gross (5,895,590 dollars net) for the support account for peacekeeping operations and the amount of 1,089,216 dollars gross (969,161 dollars net) for the United Nations Logistics Base for the maintenance and expansion of the Force for the period from 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2001, to the amount of 207,154,194 dollars gross (201,981,841 dollars net), inclusive of the amount of 6,967,059 dollars gross (5,895,590 dollars net) for the support account and the amount of 1,089,216 dollars gross (969,161 dollars net) for the Logistics Base; 17. Decides also to reduce the apportionment provided by the General Assembly in its resolutions 54/267 and 55/180 A for the period from 1 February to 30 June 2001 from the amount of 97,330,038 dollars gross (95,079,645 dollars net) to the amount of 70,892,138 dollars gross (68,870,345 dollars net), taking into account the amount of 194,660,080 dollars gross (190,159,283 dollars net) already apportioned for the period from 1 July 2000 to 30 April 2001; 18. Decides further that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X) of 15 December 1955, there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph 17 above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund of the estimated reduced staff assessment income of 2,021,793 dollars approved for the Force for the period from 1 February to 30 June 2001; 19. Authorizes the Secretary-General to enter into commitments in the amount of 99,548,960 dollars gross (97,558,500 dollars net) for the maintenance of the Force for the period from 1 July to 31 December 2001, and decides to appropriate the amount of 6,021,721 dollars gross (5,284,652 dollars net) for the support account and the amount of 629,045 dollars gross (564,879 dollars net) for the United Nations Logistics Base, representing the prorated share of the Force in the support account and Logistics Base requirements for the period from 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2002; 20. Decides to apportion among Member States the amount of 16,591,493 dollars gross (16,259,750 dollars net) for the period from 1 to 31 July 2001 in accordance with the levels set out in its resolution 55/235, as adjusted by the General Assembly in its resolution 55/236 of 23 December 2000, and taking into account the scale of assessments for the year 2001, as set out in its resolution 55/5 B of 23 December 2000; 21. Decides also that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph 20 above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund of the estimated staff assessment income of 331,743 dollars approved for the Force for the period from 1 to 31 July 2001; A/RES/55/180 B 4 22. Decides further to apportion among Member States the amount of 82,957,467 dollars gross (81,298,750 dollars net) for the period from 1 August to 31 December 2001, at a monthly rate of 16,591,493 dollars gross (16,259,750 dollars net) in accordance with paragraph 20 above, and taking into account the scale of assessments for the year 2001, as set out in its resolution 55/5 B, subject to the decision of the Security Council to extend the mandate of the Force beyond 31 July 2001; 23. Decides that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph 22 above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund of the estimated staff assessment income of 1,658,717 dollars approved for the Force for the period from 1 August to 31 December 2001; 24. Decides also to apportion among Member States the amount of 6,021,721 dollars gross (5,284,652 dollars net) for the support account and the amount of 629,045 dollars gross (564,879 dollars net) for the United Nations Logistics Base for the period from 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2002 in accordance with paragraph 20 above, and taking into account the scale of assessments for the years 2001 and 2002, as set out in its resolution 55/5 B, the scale of assessments for the year 2001 to be applied against a portion thereof, that is, 3,010,861 dollars gross (2,642,326 dollars net) for the support account and 314,523 dollars gross (282,440 dollars net) for the Logistics Base for the period from 1 July to 31 December 2001, and the scale of assessments for the year 2002 to be applied against the balance, that is, 3,010,860 dollars gross (2,642,326 dollars net) for the support account and 314,522 dollars gross (282,439 dollars net) for the Logistics Base for the period from 1 January to 30 June 2002; 25. Decides further that, in accordance with the provisions of its resolution 973 (X), there shall be set off against the apportionment among Member States, as provided for in paragraph 24 above, their respective share in the Tax Equalization Fund of the estimated staff assessment income of 737,069 dollars for the support account and 64,166 dollars for the United Nations Logistics Base approved for the period from 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2002, 368,535 dollars for the support account and 32,083 dollars for the Logistics Base being amounts pertaining to the period from 1 July to 31 December 2001 and the balance, that is, 368,534 dollars, for the support account and 32,083 dollars for the Logistics Base pertaining to the period from 1 January to 30 June 2002; 26. Decides that, for Member States that have fulfilled their financial obligations to the Force, there shall be set off against the apportionment, as provided for in paragraph 20 above, their respective share of the remaining balance of 186,252 dollars in the reserve account for third-party liability insurance of helicopters for the Force, in accordance with the composition of groups set out in paragraphs 3 and 4 of General Assembly resolution 43/232 of 1 March 1989, as adjusted by the Assembly in subsequent relevant resolutions and decisions, for the ad hoc apportionment of peacekeeping appropriations, the latest of which were its resolution 52/230 of 31 March 1998 and its decisions 54/456 to 54/458 of 23 December 1999 for the period 1998–2000, and taking into account the scale of assessments for the year 2000, as set out in its resolutions 52/215 A of 22 December 1997 and 54/237 A of 23 December 1999; 27. Decides also that, for Member States that have not fulfilled their financial obligations to the Force, their share of the remaining balance of 186,252 dollars in the reserve account for third-party liability insurance of helicopters for the Force shall be set off against their outstanding obligations in accordance with the scheme set out in paragraph 26 above; A/RES/55/180 B 5 28. Takes note of additional requirements in the amount of 571,000 dollars gross (1,270,800 dollars net) for the operation of the Force for the period ending 30 June 2000, and authorizes the Secretary-General to utilize credits in an equal amount arising from the cancellation of obligations pertaining to the same period to meet the additional requirements; 29. Emphasizes that no peacekeeping mission shall be financed by borrowing funds from other active peacekeeping missions; 30. Encourages the Secretary-General to continue to take additional measures to ensure the safety and security of all personnel under the auspices of the United Nations participating in the Force; 31. Invites voluntary contributions to the Force in cash and in the form of services and supplies acceptable to the Secretary-General, to be administered, as appropriate, in accordance with the procedure and practices established by the General Assembly; 32. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its fifty-sixth session, under the item entitled “Financing of the United Nations peacekeeping forces in the Middle East”, the sub-item entitled “United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon”.
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A/RES/55/50
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/55/L.49 and Add.1)] 55/50. Jerusalem The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 36/120 E of 10 December 1981, 37/123 C of 16 December 1982, 38/180 C of 19 December 1983, 39/146 C of 14 December 1984, 40/168 C of 16 December 1985, 41/162 C of 4 December 1986, 42/209 D of 11 December 1987, 43/54 C of 6 December 1988, 44/40 C of 4 December 1989, 45/83 C of 13 December 1990, 46/82 B of 16 December 1991, 47/63 B of 11 December 1992, 48/59 A of 14 December 1993, 49/87 A of 16 December 1994, 50/22 A of 4 December 1995, 51/27 of 4 December 1996, 52/53 of 9 December 1997, 53/37 of 2 December 1998 and 54/37 of 1 December 1999, in which it, inter alia, determined that all legislative and administrative measures and actions taken by Israel, the occupying Power, which have altered or purported to alter the character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem, in particular the so-called “Basic Law” on Jerusalem and the proclamation of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, were null and void and must be rescinded forthwith, Recalling also Security Council resolution 478 (1980) of 20 August 1980, in which the Council, inter alia, decided not to recognize the “Basic Law” and called upon those States which had established diplomatic missions in Jerusalem to withdraw such missions from the Holy City, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General,1 1. Determines that the decision of Israel to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration on the Holy City of Jerusalem is illegal and therefore null and void and has no validity whatsoever; 2. Deplores the transfer by some States of their diplomatic missions to Jerusalem in violation of Security Council resolution 478 (1980) and their refusal to comply with the provisions of that resolution; 3. Calls once more upon those States to abide by the provisions of the relevant United Nations resolutions, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations; 1 A/55/538. A/RES/55/50 2 4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its fifty-sixth session on the implementation of the present resolution.
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A/RES/55/51
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/55/L.50 and Add.1)] 55/51. The Syrian Golan The General Assembly, Having considered the item entitled “The situation in the Middle East”, Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General,1 Recalling Security Council resolution 497 (1981) of 17 December 1981, Reaffirming the fundamental principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by force, in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming once more the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,2 to the occupied Syrian Golan, Deeply concerned that Israel has not withdrawn from the Syrian Golan, which has been under occupation since 1967, contrary to the relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions, Stressing the illegality of the Israeli settlement construction and activities in the occupied Syrian Golan since 1967, Noting with satisfaction the convening in Madrid on 30 October 1991 of the Peace Conference on the Middle East, on the basis of Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973 and 425 (1978) of 19 March 1978 and the formula of land for peace, Expressing grave concern over the halt in the peace process on the Syrian track, and expressing the hope that peace talks will soon resume from the point they had reached, 1. Declares that Israel has failed so far to comply with Security Council resolution 497 (1981); 2. Also declares that the Israeli decision of 14 December 1981 to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration on the occupied Syrian Golan is null and void 1 A/55/538. 2 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973. A/RES/55/51 2 and has no validity whatsoever, as confirmed by the Security Council in its resolution 497 (1981), and calls upon Israel to rescind it; 3. Reaffirms its determination that all relevant provisions of the Regulations annexed to the Hague Convention of 1907,3 and the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,2 continue to apply to the Syrian territory occupied by Israel since 1967, and calls upon the parties thereto to respect and ensure respect for their obligations under those instruments in all circumstances; 4. Determines once more that the continued occupation of the Syrian Golan and its de facto annexation constitute a stumbling block in the way of achieving a just, comprehensive and lasting peace in the region; 5. Calls upon Israel to resume the talks on the Syrian and Lebanese tracks and to respect the commitments and undertakings reached during the previous talks; 6. Demands once more that Israel withdraw from all the occupied Syrian Golan to the line of 4 June 1967 in implementation of the relevant Security Council resolutions; 7. Calls upon all the parties concerned, the co-sponsors of the peace process and the entire international community to exert all the necessary efforts to ensure the resumption of the peace process and its success by implementing Security Council resolutions 242 (1967) and 338 (1973); 8. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its fifty-sixth session on the implementation of the present resolution. 78th plenary meeting 1 December 2000 3 See Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907 (New York, Oxford University Press, 1915).
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A/RES/55/53
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/55/L.46 and Add.1)] 55/53. Division for Palestinian Rights of the Secretariat The General Assembly, Having considered the report of the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People,1 Taking note in particular of the relevant information contained in chapter V.B of that report, Recalling its resolutions 32/40 B of 2 December 1977, 33/28 C of 7 December 1978, 34/65 D of 12 December 1979, 35/169 D of 15 December 1980, 36/120 B of 10 December 1981, 37/86 B of 10 December 1982, 38/58 B of 13 December 1983, 39/49 B of 11 December 1984, 40/96 B of 12 December 1985, 41/43 B of 2 December 1986, 42/66 B of 2 December 1987, 43/175 B of 15 December 1988, 44/41 B of 6 December 1989, 45/67 B of 6 December 1990, 46/74 B of 11 December 1991, 47/64 B of 11 December 1992, 48/158 B of 20 December 1993, 49/62 B of 14 December 1994, 50/84 B of 15 December 1995, 51/24 of 4 December 1996, 52/50 of 9 December 1997, 53/40 of 2 December 1998 and 54/40 of 1 December 1999, 1. Notes with appreciation the action taken by the Secretary-General in compliance with its resolution 54/40; 2. Considers that the Division for Palestinian Rights of the Secretariat continues to make a useful and constructive contribution; 3. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to provide the Division with the necessary resources and to ensure that it continues to carry out its programme of work as detailed in the relevant earlier resolutions, in consultation with the Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People and under its guidance, including, in particular, the organization of meetings in various regions with the participation of all sectors of the international community, the further development and expansion of the documents collection of the United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine, the preparation and widest possible dissemination of publications and information materials on various aspects 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-fifth Session, Supplement No. 35 (A/55/35). A/RES/55/53 2 of the question of Palestine, and the provision of the annual training programme for staff of the Palestinian Authority; 4. Also requests the Secretary-General to ensure the continued cooperation of the Department of Public Information and other units of the Secretariat in enabling the Division to perform its tasks and in covering adequately the various aspects of the question of Palestine; 5. Invites all Governments and organizations to extend their cooperation to the Committee and the Division in the performance of their tasks; 6. Notes with appreciation the action taken by Member States to observe annually on 29 November the International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People, requests them to continue to give the widest possible publicity to the observance, and requests the Committee and the Division to continue to organize, as part of the observance of the Day of Solidarity, an annual exhibit on Palestinian rights in cooperation with the Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations.
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A/RES/56/155
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Third Committee (A/56/583/Add.2)] 56/155. The right to food The General Assembly, Recalling all Commission on Human Rights resolutions in this regard, in particular resolution 2000/10 of 17 April 2000,1 and taking note of Commission resolution 2001/25 of 20 April 2001,2 Recalling also the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,3 which provides that everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for her/his health and well-being, including food, Recalling further the provisions of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,4 in which the fundamental right of every person to be free from hunger is recognized, Recalling the Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition,5 Bearing in mind the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the Plan of Action of the World Food Summit,6 Reaffirming that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated, Recognizing that the problems of hunger and food insecurity have global dimensions and that they are likely to persist and even to increase dramatically in some regions unless urgent, determined and concerted action is taken, given the anticipated increase in the world’s population and the stress on natural resources, _______________ 1 See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2000, Supplement No. 3 and corrigendum (E/2000/23 and Corr.1), chap. II, sect. A. 2 Ibid., 2001, Supplement No. 3 (E/2001/23), chap. II, sect. A. 3 Resolution 217 A (III). 4 See resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 5 Report of the World Food Conference, Rome, 5–16 November 1974 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.75.II.A.3), chap. I. 6 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Report of the World Food Summit, 13–17 November 1996 (WFS 96/REP), part one, appendix. A/RES/56/155 2 Reaffirming that a peaceful, stable and enabling political, social and economic environment, at both the national and the international level, is the essential foundation which will enable States to give adequate priority to food security and poverty eradication, Reiterating, as did the Rome Declaration, that food should not be used as an instrument of political or economic pressure, and reaffirming in this regard the importance of international cooperation and solidarity, as well as the necessity of refraining from unilateral measures that are not in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United Nations and that endanger food security, Convinced that each State must adopt a strategy consistent with its resources and capacities to achieve its individual goals in implementing the recommendations contained in the Rome Declaration and Plan of Action of the World Food Summit and, at the same time, cooperate regionally and internationally in order to organize collective solutions to global issues of food security in a world of increasingly interlinked institutions, societies and economies where coordinated efforts and shared responsibilities are essential, Stressing the importance of reversing the continuing decline of official development assistance devoted to agriculture, both in real terms and as a share of total official development assistance, 1. Reaffirms that hunger constitutes an outrage and a violation of human dignity and therefore requires the adoption of urgent measures at the national, regional and international levels for its elimination; 2. Also reaffirms the right of everyone to have access to safe and nutritious food, consistent with the right to adequate food and the fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger so as to be able fully to develop and maintain their physical and mental capacities; 3. Considers it intolerable that 826 million people, most of them women and children, throughout the world and particularly in developing countries, do not have enough food to meet their basic nutritional needs, which infringes upon their fundamental human rights and at the same time can generate additional pressures on the environment in ecologically fragile areas; 4. Encourages all States to take steps with a view to achieving progressively the full realization of the right to food, including steps to promote the conditions for everyone to be free from hunger and, as soon as possible, to enjoy fully the right to food, and to elaborate and adopt national plans to combat hunger; 5. Stresses the need to make efforts to mobilize and optimize the allocation and utilization of technical and financial resources from all sources, including external debt relief for developing countries, and to reinforce national actions to implement sustainable food security policies; 6. Urges States to give adequate priority in their development strategies and expenditures to the realization of the right to food; 7. Takes note of the report of the United Nations Children’s Fund on early childhood entitled The State of the World’s Children, 2001,7 and in this context recalls that the nurturing of young children merits the highest priority; 8. Takes note with appreciation of the preliminary report of the Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights on the right to food,8 submitted in _______________ 7 United Nations publication, Sales No. E.01.XX.1. 8 See A/56/210. A/RES/56/155 3 accordance with Commission resolution 2001/25, and commends the Special Rapporteur for his valuable work in the promotion of the right to food; 9. Supports the realization of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur as established by the Commission on Human Rights in its resolutions 2000/10 and 2001/25; 10. Emphasizes the request of the Commission on Human Rights to the Special Rapporteur to contribute effectively to the medium-term review of the implementation of the Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the Plan of Action of the World Food Summit6 by submitting to the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights his recommendations on all aspects of the right to food; 11. Encourages the Special Rapporteur to mainstream a gender perspective in the activities relating to his mandate; 12. Requests the Secretary-General and the High Commissioner to provide all the necessary human and financial resources for the effective fulfilment of the mandate of the Special Rapporteur; 13. Welcomes the work already done by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in promoting the right to adequate food, in particular its General Comment No. 12 (1999) on the right to adequate food (article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), in which the Committee affirmed, inter alia, that the right to adequate food is indivisibly linked to the inherent dignity of the human person and is indispensable for the fulfilment of other human rights enshrined in the International Bill of Human Rights, and is also inseparable from social justice, requiring the adoption of appropriate economic, environmental and social policies, at both the national and international levels, oriented to the eradication of poverty and the fulfilment of all human rights for all;9 14. Also welcomes the convening by the High Commissioner at Bonn, from 12 to 14 March 2001, of the Third Expert Consultation on the Right to Food, with a focus on implementation mechanisms at the country level, hosted by the Government of Germany, and takes note with interest of the report of this meeting;10 15. Supports the recommendation that the High Commissioner organize a fourth expert consultation on the right to food, with a focus on the realization of this right as part of strategies and policies for the eradication of poverty, inviting experts from all regions; 16. Requests the Special Rapporteur to submit a comprehensive report to the Commission on Human Rights at its fifty-eighth session and an interim report to the General Assembly at its fifty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution; 17. Invites Governments, relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, treaty bodies and non-governmental organizations to cooperate fully with the Special Rapporteur in the fulfilment of his mandate, inter alia, through the submission of comments and suggestions on ways and means of realizing the right to food; 18. Decides to continue the consideration of this matter at its fifty-seventh session under the agenda item entitled “Human rights questions”. 88th plenary meeting 19 December 2001 _______________ 9 Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2000, Supplement No. 2 and corrigendum (E/2000/22 and Corr.1), annex V, para. 4. 10 E/CN.4/2001/148.
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A/RES/56/16
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the First Committee (A/56/528)] 56/16. Implementation of the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace The General Assembly, Recalling the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace, contained in its resolution 2832 (XXVI) of 16 December 1971, and recalling also its resolution 54/47 of 1 December 1999 and other relevant resolutions, Recalling also the report of the Meeting of the Littoral and Hinterland States of the Indian Ocean held in July 1979,1 Recalling further paragraph 148 of the Final Document of the Twelfth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Durban, South Africa, from 29 August to 3 September 1998,2 in which it was noted, inter alia, that the Chairperson of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean would continue his informal consultations on the future work of the Committee, Emphasizing the need to foster consensual approaches that are conducive to the pursuit of such endeavours, Noting the initiatives taken by countries of the region to promote cooperation, in particular economic cooperation, in the Indian Ocean area and the possible contribution of such initiatives to overall objectives of a zone of peace, Convinced that the participation of all permanent members of the Security Council and the major maritime users of the Indian Ocean in the work of the Ad Hoc Committee is important and would assist the progress of a mutually beneficial dialogue to develop conditions of peace, security and stability in the Indian Ocean region, Considering that greater efforts and more time are required to develop a focused discussion on practical measures to ensure conditions of peace, security and stability in the Indian Ocean region, _______________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-fourth Session, Supplement No. 45 and corrigendum (A/34/45 and Corr.1). 2 See A/53/667-S/1998/1071, annex I. A/RES/56/16 2 Having considered the report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean,3 1. Takes note of the report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Indian Ocean;3 2. Reiterates its conviction that the participation of all permanent members of the Security Council and the major maritime users of the Indian Ocean in the work of the Ad Hoc Committee is important and would greatly facilitate the development of a mutually beneficial dialogue to advance peace, security and stability in the Indian Ocean region; 3. Requests the Chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee to continue his informal consultations with the members of the Committee and to report through the Committee to the General Assembly at its fifty-eighth session; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to continue to render, within existing resources, all necessary assistance to the Ad Hoc Committee, including the provision of summary records; 5. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its fifty-eighth session the item entitled “Implementation of the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace”. 68th plenary meeting 29 November 2001 _______________ 3 Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 29 (A/56/29).
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A/RES/56/20
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the First Committee (A/56/531)] 56/20. Role of science and technology in the context of international security and disarmament The General Assembly, Recognizing that scientific and technological developments can have both civilian and military applications and that progress in science and technology for civilian applications needs to be maintained and encouraged, Concerned that military applications of scientific and technological developments can contribute significantly to the improvement and upgrading of advanced weapons systems and, in particular, weapons of mass destruction, Aware of the need to follow closely the scientific and technological developments that may have a negative impact on international security and disarmament, and to channel scientific and technological developments for beneficial purposes, Cognizant that the international transfers of dual-use as well as high- technology products, services and know-how for peaceful purposes are important for the economic and social development of States, Also cognizant of the need to regulate such transfers of dual-use goods and technologies and high technology with military applications through multilaterally negotiated, universally applicable, non-discriminatory guidelines, Expressing concern about the growing proliferation of ad hoc and exclusive export control regimes and arrangements for dual-use goods and technologies, which tend to impede the economic and social development of developing countries, Recalling that in the Final Document of the Twelfth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries, held at Durban, South Africa, from 29 August to 3 September 1998,1 it was noted with concern that undue restrictions on exports to developing countries of material, equipment and technology for peaceful purposes persist, _______________ 1 A/53/667-S/1998/1071, annex I. A/RES/56/20 2 Emphasizing that internationally negotiated guidelines for the transfer of high technology with military applications should take into account the legitimate defence requirements of all States and the requirements for the maintenance of international peace and security, while ensuring that access to high-technology products and services and know-how for peaceful purposes is not denied, 1. Affirms that scientific and technological progress should be used for the benefit of all mankind to promote the sustainable economic and social development of all States and to safeguard international security and that international cooperation in the use of science and technology through the transfer and exchange of technological know-how for peaceful purposes should be promoted; 2. Invites Member States to undertake additional efforts to apply science and technology for disarmament-related purposes and to make disarmament-related technologies available to interested States; 3. Urges Member States to undertake multilateral negotiations with the participation of all interested States in order to establish universally acceptable, non- discriminatory guidelines for international transfers of dual-use goods and technologies and high technology with military applications; 4. Encourages United Nations bodies to contribute, within existing mandates, to promoting the application of science and technology for peaceful purposes; 5. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its fifty-seventh session the item entitled “Role of science and technology in the context of international security and disarmament”.
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A/RES/56/216
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/56/L.66 and Add.1 and A/56/L.67)] 56/216. Cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe The General Assembly, Recalling the framework for cooperation and coordination between the United Nations and the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, which was signed on 26 May 1993,1 as well as its resolutions on cooperation between the two organizations, Recalling also the principles embodied in the Helsinki Final Act and in the declaration at the 1992 Helsinki Summit by the heads of State or Government of the participating States of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe of their understanding that the Conference is a regional arrangement in the sense of Chapter VIII of the Charter of the United Nations and as such provides an important link between European and global security,2 Acknowledging the increasing contribution of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to the establishment and maintenance of international peace and security in its region through activities in early warning and preventive diplomacy, including through the activities of the High Commissioner on National Minorities, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation, as well as arms control and disarmament, Recalling the Charter for European Security adopted at the Summit in Istanbul, Turkey, in November 1999, which reaffirms the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe as a primary organization for the peaceful settlement of disputes within its region and as a key instrument for early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation, Recalling also the special ties between the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Mediterranean Partners for Cooperation, as well as between that organization and the Asian Partners for Cooperation, Japan, the Republic of Korea and Thailand, which have been enhanced further in 2001, _______________ 1 A/48/185, annex II, appendix. 2 See A/47/361-S/24370, annex. A/RES/56/216 2 Underlining the continued importance of enhanced cooperation and coordination between the United Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1. Welcomes the report of the Secretary-General;3 2. Notes with appreciation the further improvement of cooperation and coordination between the United Nations and its agencies and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, including at the level of activities in the field; 3. Welcomes, in this context, the meetings of the Secretary-General of the United Nations with the Chairman-in-Office and the Secretary-General of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the participation of the Chairman-in-Office at a meeting of the Security Council in January 2001, the participation of the Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva in a meeting of the Ministerial Council of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, which was held in Bucharest on 3 and 4 December 2001, and the participation of high-level United Nations representatives in meetings of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe; 4. Encourages further efforts of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to foster security and stability in its region through early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation, as well as through continued promotion of democracy, the rule of law, human rights and fundamental freedoms; 5. Welcomes the documents of the meeting of the Ministerial Council in Bucharest confirming the determination of the participating States of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to strengthen and deepen their cooperation with a view to protecting their citizens from new challenges to their security while safeguarding the rule of law, individual liberties and the right to equal justice under the law; 6. Commends the adoption of the decision and Action Plan on Terrorism, whereby participating States pledged to reinforce and develop bilateral and multilateral cooperation among themselves, with the United Nations and with other international and regional organizations in order to combat terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, wherever and by whomever committed, to contribute to the fulfilment of international obligations as enshrined, inter alia, in Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) of 28 September 2001, to act in conformity with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and to become parties to all twelve United Nations conventions and protocols related to terrorism as soon as possible; 7. Notes the review of the structures of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, undertaken at the initiative of the Romanian Chairmanship, with the goal of strengthening its efficiency, and the adoption of decisions to foster its role as a forum for political dialogue on issues of security and cooperation in Europe which promotes a more effective use of the means and mechanisms of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to counter threats and challenges to security and stability in its region; _______________ 3 A/56/125. A/RES/56/216 3 8. Welcomes the decisions to strengthen cooperation in the economic and environmental sphere and to enhance the role of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in police-related activities; 9. Also welcomes the documents of the Ministerial Council meeting in Bucharest on enhancing the effectiveness of the human dimension meetings of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, promoting tolerance and non- discrimination, combating trafficking in human beings, improving the situation of Roma and Sinti, and on promoting equal opportunities for women and men and the continued close cooperation between the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights; 10. Notes with appreciation the active involvement of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and its commitment to continue to contribute substantially to conflict prevention, crisis management, and post-conflict stabilization in the region, thereby fostering peace and stability in the area; 11. Welcomes the establishment and the work of the Mission of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to assist further progress in the consolidation of democracy, the strengthening of the rule of law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the rights of persons belonging to national minorities; 12. Expresses its appreciation for the contribution by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to implementing Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) of 10 June 1999, in particular for its substantial role in the preparation and organization of the Kosovo-wide election on 17 November 2001, in view of the consolidation of stability and prosperity in Kosovo, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, on the basis of substantial autonomy, respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, pending a final settlement, in accordance with resolution 1244 (1999); 13. Salutes the commitment of participating States of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to the sovereignty, territorial integrity and unitary character of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and their offer to assist and support strongly the full and timely implementation of the Framework Agreement concluded on 13 August 2001, including the programmes on police training and reform, media and inter-ethnic relations; 14. Supports the priorities of the work of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe for the continuous development of civil society and for increasing local ownership of the reform process in Bosnia and Herzegovina; 15. Commends the efforts to improve the coordination and efficiency of international engagement in the field of civilian implementation of the Dayton/Paris peace accords,4 as well as a timely decision on the best options for the succession of the United Nations International Police Task Force to allow for a smooth and comprehensive transition; _______________ 4 General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the annexes thereto, initialled in Dayton, United States of America, on 21 November 1995 and signed in Paris on 14 December 1995 (A/50/790-S/1995/999). A/RES/56/216 4 16. Underlines the importance of regional cooperation as a means of fostering good-neighbourly relations, stability and economic development, welcomes the implementation of the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe under the auspices of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe as an important long-term and comprehensive initiative to promote good-neighbourly relations, stability and economic development, and also welcomes the commitment of participating States of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to contribute further to the goals of the Stability Pact; 17. Notes the efforts undertaken in 2001 by the Republic of Moldova and the mediators of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Russian Federation and Ukraine towards negotiation for a comprehensive political settlement of the Transdniestrian issue, based on full respect of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova, welcomes the fulfilment by the Russian Federation, ahead of the agreed time, of the commitments undertaken at the summit of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe held in Istanbul, Turkey, in 1999 on the withdrawal and disposal of the equipment limited by the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe5 located in the Transdniestrian region of the Republic of Moldova by the end of 2001, and encourages the timely fulfilment of other commitments concerning the Republic of Moldova undertaken by the participating States of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in Istanbul in 1999; 18. Welcomes the developments in the peace process in the Tshkhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia, and the steps to reduce the quantities of small arms and light weapons in that region, as well as the progress made in 2001 towards meeting the commitments made in Istanbul on the future of Russian forces in Georgia, including the closure of the Russian base at Vaziani and the withdrawal of the equipment from the Russian base at Gudauta, encourages the implementation of the other Istanbul commitments, and with regard to Abkhazia, Georgia, calls for the resumption of a constructive dialogue aimed at achieving a comprehensive settlement, including a definition of the political status of Abkhazia as a sovereign entity within the State of Georgia; 19. Acknowledges the significant contribution to stability and confidence in the region made by the border monitoring operation of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe along the border between Georgia and the Chechen Republic of the Russian Federation; 20. Notes with satisfaction the engagement of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe towards cooperation with the five participating States of Central Asia, which has continued to grow in all dimensions, thus contributing to stability and prosperity in the region, as well as the commitment of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to assist in addressing specific threats to stability and security for the Central Asian participating States, and appreciates the valuable contribution of the Bishkek International Conference on enhancing security and stability in Central Asia, held on 13 and 14 December 2001, to addressing those problems, which are shared concerns among the participating States of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe; 21. Fully supports the activities of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to achieve a peaceful solution to the conflict in and around _______________ 5 CD/1064. A/RES/56/216 5 the Nagorny-Karabakh region of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and welcomes cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in this regard; 22. Expresses deep concern at the failure to achieve a settlement of the Nagorny-Karabakh conflict despite the intensified dialogue between the parties and the active support of the Co-Chairmen of the Minsk Group of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, reaffirms that the prompt resolution of that protracted conflict will contribute to lasting peace, security, stability and cooperation in the South Caucasus region, reiterates the importance of continuing the peace dialogue, calls upon the sides to continue their efforts to achieve an early resolution of the conflict based on the norms and principles of international law, encourages the parties to explore further measures that would enhance mutual confidence and trust, including the release of prisoners of war, welcomes the commitment of the parties to the ceasefire and to achieving a peaceful and comprehensive settlement, and encourages the parties to continue their efforts, with the active support of the Co-Chairmen, to reach a just and enduring settlement; 23. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its fifty-seventh session the item entitled “Cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe”, and requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its fifty-seventh session a report on cooperation between the United Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in implementation of the present resolution.
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A/RES/56/27
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the First Committee (A/56/539)] 56/27. The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East The General Assembly, Bearing in mind its relevant resolutions, Taking note of the relevant resolutions adopted by the General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the latest of which is resolution GC(45)/RES/18, adopted on 21 September 2001,1 Cognizant that the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the region of the Middle East would pose a serious threat to international peace and security, Mindful of the immediate need for placing all nuclear facilities in the region of the Middle East under full-scope safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Recalling the decision on principles and objectives for nuclear non- proliferation and disarmament adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 11 May 1995,2 in which the Conference urged universal adherence to the Treaty as an urgent priority and called upon all States not yet parties to the Treaty to accede to it at the earliest date, particularly those States that operate unsafeguarded nuclear facilities, Recognizing with satisfaction that, in the Final Document of the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,3 the Conference undertook to make determined efforts towards the achievement of the goal of universality of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,4 and called upon those remaining States not parties to the Treaty to accede to it, thereby accepting an international legally binding commitment not to _______________ 1 See International Atomic Energy Agency, Resolutions and Other Decisions of the General Conference, Forty-fifth Regular Session, 17-21 September 2001 (GC(45)/RES/DEC(2001)). 2 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, Part I (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I) and Corr.2), annex, decision 2. 3 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vols. I–III (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I–IV)). 4 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 729, No. 10485. A/RES/56/27 2 acquire nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices and to accept International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all their nuclear activities, and underlined the necessity of universal adherence to the Treaty and of strict compliance by all parties with their obligations under the Treaty, Recalling the resolution on the Middle East adopted by the 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons on 11 May 1995,5 in which the Conference noted with concern the continued existence in the Middle East of unsafeguarded nuclear facilities, reaffirmed the importance of the early realization of universal adherence to the Treaty and called upon all States in the Middle East that had not yet done so, without exception, to accede to the Treaty as soon as possible and to place all their nuclear facilities under full-scope International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards, Noting that Israel remains the only State in the Middle East that has not yet become party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Concerned about the threats posed by the proliferation of nuclear weapons to the security and stability of the Middle East region, Stressing the importance of taking confidence-building measures, in particular the establishment of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East, in order to enhance peace and security in the region and to consolidate the global non- proliferation regime, Emphasizing the need for all parties directly concerned to consider seriously taking the practical and urgent steps required for the implementation of the proposal to establish a nuclear-weapon-free zone in the region of the Middle East in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and, as a means of promoting this objective, inviting the countries concerned to adhere to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and, pending the establishment of the zone, to agree to place all their nuclear activities under International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards, Noting that one hundred and sixty-one States have signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty,6 including a number of States in the region, 1. Welcomes the conclusions on the Middle East of the 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons;7 2. Reaffirms the importance of Israel’s accession to the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons4 and placement of all its nuclear facilities under comprehensive International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards, in realizing the goal of universal adherence to the Treaty in the Middle East; 3. Calls upon that State to accede to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons without further delay and not to develop, produce, test or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons, and to renounce possession of nuclear weapons, and to place all its unsafeguarded nuclear facilities under full-scope International _______________ 5 See 1995 Review and Extension Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, Part I (NPT/CONF.1995/32 (Part I) and Corr.2), annex. 6 See resolution 50/245. 7 See 2000 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Final Document, vol. I (NPT/CONF.2000/28 (Parts I and II)), part I, art. VII, para. 16. A/RES/56/27 3 Atomic Energy Agency safeguards as an important confidence-building measure among all States of the region and as a step towards enhancing peace and security; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its fifty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution; 5. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its fifty-seventh session the item entitled “The risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East”.
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A/RES/56/31
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/56/L.23 and Add.1)] 56/31. Jerusalem The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 36/120 E of 10 December 1981, 37/123 C of 16 December 1982, 38/180 C of 19 December 1983, 39/146 C of 14 December 1984, 40/168 C of 16 December 1985, 41/162 C of 4 December 1986, 42/209 D of 11 December 1987, 43/54 C of 6 December 1988, 44/40 C of 4 December 1989, 45/83 C of 13 December 1990, 46/82 B of 16 December 1991, 47/63 B of 11 December 1992, 48/59 A of 14 December 1993, 49/87 A of 16 December 1994, 50/22 A of 4 December 1995, 51/27 of 4 December 1996, 52/53 of 9 December 1997, 53/37 of 2 December 1998, 54/37 of 1 December 1999 and 55/50 of 1 December 2000, in which it, inter alia, determined that all legislative and administrative measures and actions taken by Israel, the occupying Power, which have altered or purported to alter the character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem, in particular the so-called “Basic Law” on Jerusalem and the proclamation of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, were null and void and must be rescinded forthwith, Recalling also Security Council resolution 478 (1980) of 20 August 1980, in which the Council, inter alia, decided not to recognize the “Basic Law” and called upon those States which had established diplomatic missions in Jerusalem to withdraw such missions from the Holy City, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General,1 1. Determines that the decision of Israel to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration on the Holy City of Jerusalem is illegal and therefore null and void and has no validity whatsoever; 2. Deplores the transfer by some States of their diplomatic missions to Jerusalem in violation of Security Council resolution 478 (1980) and their refusal to comply with the provisions of that resolution; 3. Calls once more upon those States to abide by the provisions of the relevant United Nations resolutions, in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations; _______________ 1 A/56/480. A/RES/56/31 2 4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its fifty-seventh session on the implementation of the present resolution.
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A/RES/56/56
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/56/549)] 56/56. Operations of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East The General Assembly, Recalling its resolutions 194 (III) of 11 December 1948, 212 (III) of 19 November 1948, 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949 and all subsequent related resolutions, Recalling also the relevant Security Council resolutions, Having considered the report of the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East covering the period from 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2001,1 Taking note of the letter dated 25 September 2001 from the Chairman of the Advisory Commission of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East addressed to the Commissioner-General,2 contained in the report of the Commissioner-General, Having considered the reports of the Secretary-General submitted in pursuance of its resolutions 48/40 E,3 48/40 H4 and 48/40 J5 of 10 December 1993 and 49/35 C6 of 9 December 1994, Recalling Articles 100, 104 and 105 of the Charter of the United Nations and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations,7 _______________ 1 Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-sixth Session, Supplement No. 13 and addendum (A/56/13 and Add.1). 2 Ibid., p. viii. 3 A/49/440. 4 A/49/442. 5 A/49/443. 6 A/50/451. 7 Resolution 22 A (I). A/RES/56/56 2 Affirming the applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,8 to the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem, Aware of the fact that Palestine refugees have, for over five decades, lost their homes, lands and means of livelihood, Also aware of the continuing needs of Palestine refugees throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory and in the other fields of operation, namely, in Lebanon, Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic, Further aware of the valuable work done by the refugee affairs officers of the Agency in providing protection to the Palestinian people, in particular Palestine refugees, Gravely concerned about the increased suffering of the Palestine refugees, including loss of life and injury, during the recent tragic events in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, Gravely concerned also about the policies of closure and severe restrictions on the movement of persons and goods throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, which have had a grave impact on the socio-economic situation of the Palestine refugees, Deeply concerned about the negative impact of these closures and restrictions on the staff and services of the Agency, Deeply concerned also about the continuing critical financial situation of the Agency and its effect on the continuity of provision of necessary Agency services to the Palestine refugees, including the emergency-related programmes, Aware of the work of the Peace Implementation Programme of the Agency, Recalling the signing in Washington, D.C., on 13 September 1993 of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements by the Government of the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization9 and the subsequent implementation agreements, Taking note of the agreement reached on 24 June 1994, embodied in an exchange of letters between the Agency and the Palestine Liberation Organization,10 Aware of the establishment of a working relationship between the Advisory Commission of the Agency and the Palestine Liberation Organization in accordance with General Assembly decision 48/417 of 10 December 1993, 1. Expresses its appreciation to the Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, as well as to all the staff of the Agency, for their tireless efforts and valuable work, including and particularly during the difficult situation of the past year; 2. Also expresses its appreciation to the Advisory Commission of the Agency, and requests it to continue its efforts and to keep the General Assembly informed of its activities, including the full implementation of decision 48/417; _______________ 8 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973. 9 A/48/486-S/26560, annex. 10 Official Records of the General Assembly, Forty-ninth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/49/13), annex I. A/RES/56/56 3 3. Takes note of the functioning of the headquarters of the Agency in Gaza City on the basis of the Headquarters Agreement between the Agency and the Palestinian Authority; 4. Acknowledges the support of the host Government and the Palestine Liberation Organization for the Agency in the discharge of its duties; 5. Calls upon Israel, the occupying Power, to accept the de jure applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 19498 and to abide scrupulously by its provisions; 6. Also calls upon Israel to abide by Articles 100, 104 and 105 of the Charter of the United Nations and the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations7 with regard to the safety of the personnel of the Agency, the protection of its institutions and the safeguarding of the security of the facilities of the Agency in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem; 7. Calls once again upon the Government of Israel to compensate the Agency for damage to its property and facilities resulting from actions by the Israeli side; 8. Calls upon Israel particularly to cease obstructing the movement of the personnel, vehicles and supplies of the Agency, which has a detrimental impact on the Agency’s operations; 9. Also calls upon Israel to cease its policies of closure and of placing restrictions on the movement of persons and goods, which have had a grave impact on the socio-economic situation of the Palestinian population, in particular the Palestine refugees; 10. Requests the Commissioner-General to proceed with the issuance of identification cards for Palestine refugees and their descendants in the Occupied Palestinian Territory; 11. Notes that the context created by the signing of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements by the Government of the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization9 and subsequent implementation agreements has had major consequences for the activities of the Agency, which is henceforth called upon, in close cooperation with the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority, the specialized agencies and the World Bank, to continue to contribute towards the development of economic and social stability in the occupied territory; 12. Notes also that the functioning of the Agency remains essential in all fields of operation; 13. Notes further the significant success of the Peace Implementation Programme of the Agency, as well as the microfinance and enterprise programmes; 14. Expresses concern about those remaining austerity measures due to the financial crisis, which have affected the quality and level of some of the services of the Agency; 15. Reiterates its request to the Commissioner-General to proceed with the modernization of the archives of the Agency; A/RES/56/56 4 16. Urges all States, specialized agencies and non-governmental organizations to continue and to increase their contributions to the Agency so as to ease the current financial constraints and to support the Agency in maintaining the provision of the most basic and effective assistance to the Palestine refugees.
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A/RES/56/59
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [on the report of the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) (A/56/550)] 56/59. Work of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories The General Assembly, Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Guided also by the principles of international humanitarian law, in particular the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,1 as well as international standards of human rights, in particular the Universal Declaration of Human Rights2 and the International Covenants on Human Rights,3 Recalling its relevant resolutions, including resolution 2443 (XXIII) of 19 December 1968, and relevant resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights, Recalling also relevant resolutions of the Security Council, Aware of the lasting impact of the uprising (intifada) of the Palestinian people, Convinced that occupation itself represents a gross violation of human rights, Gravely concerned about the continuation of the tragic events that have taken place since 28 September 2000, including the excessive use of force by the Israeli occupying forces against Palestinian civilians, resulting in numerous deaths and injuries, Having considered the reports of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories4 and the relevant reports of the Secretary-General,5 _______________ 1 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 75, No. 973. 2 Resolution 217 A (III). 3 Resolution 2200 A (XXI), annex. 4 See A/56/428 and Add.1 and A/56/491. 5 A/56/214–219. A/RES/56/59 2 Recalling the signing of the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self- Government Arrangements by the Government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization in Washington, D.C., on 13 September 1993,6 as well as the subsequent implementation agreements, including the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip signed in Washington, D.C., on 28 September 1995,7 Expressing the hope that, with the progress of the peace process, the Israeli occupation will be brought to an end and therefore violation of the human rights of the Palestinian people will cease, 1. Commends the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories for its efforts in performing the tasks assigned to it by the General Assembly and for its impartiality; 2. Demands that Israel cooperate with the Special Committee in implementing its mandate; 3. Deplores those policies and practices of Israel which violate the human rights of the Palestinian people and other Arabs of the occupied territories, as reflected in the reports of the Special Committee covering the reporting period; 4. Expresses grave concern about the situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, as a result of Israeli practices and measures, and especially condemns the excessive use of force in the past year which has resulted in more than seven hundred Palestinian deaths and tens of thousands of injuries; 5. Requests the Special Committee, pending complete termination of the Israeli occupation, to continue to investigate Israeli policies and practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967, especially Israeli lack of compliance with the provisions of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949,1 and to consult, as appropriate, with the International Committee of the Red Cross according to its regulations in order to ensure that the welfare and human rights of the peoples of the occupied territories are safeguarded and to report to the Secretary-General as soon as possible and whenever the need arises thereafter; 6. Also requests the Special Committee to submit regularly to the Secretary- General periodic reports on the current situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem; 7. Further requests the Special Committee to continue to investigate the treatment of prisoners in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, and other Arab territories occupied by Israel since 1967; 8. Requests the Secretary-General: (a) To provide the Special Committee with all necessary facilities, including those required for its visits to the occupied territories, so that it may investigate the Israeli policies and practices referred to in the present resolution; _______________ 6 A/48/486-S/26560, annex. 7 A/51/889-S/1997/357, annex. A/RES/56/59 3 (b) To continue to make available such additional staff as may be necessary to assist the Special Committee in the performance of its tasks; (c) To circulate regularly to Member States the periodic reports mentioned in paragraph 6 above; (d) To ensure the widest circulation of the reports of the Special Committee and of information regarding its activities and findings, by all means available, through the Department of Public Information of the Secretariat and, where necessary, to reprint those reports of the Special Committee that are no longer available; (e) To report to the General Assembly at its fifty-seventh session on the tasks entrusted to him in the present resolution; 9. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its fifty-seventh session the item entitled “Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories”.
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A/RES/57/110
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Resolution adopted by the General Assembly [without reference to a Main Committee (A/57/L.37 and Add.1)] 57/110. Peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine The General Assembly, Recalling its relevant resolutions, including those adopted at the tenth emergency special session, Recalling also the relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 242 (1967) of 22 November 1967, 338 (1973) of 22 October 1973 and 1397 (2002) of 12 March 2002, Welcoming the affirmation by the Security Council of the vision of a region where two States, Israel and Palestine, live side by side within secure and recognized borders, Noting that it has been fifty-five years since the adoption of resolution 181 (II) of 29 November 1947 and thirty-five years since the occupation of Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, in 1967, Having considered the report of the Secretary-General submitted pursuant to the request made in its resolution 56/36 of 3 December 2001,1 Reaffirming the permanent responsibility of the United Nations with regard to the question of Palestine until the question is resolved in all its aspects, Convinced that achieving a final and peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine, the core of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is imperative for the attainment of a comprehensive and lasting peace in the Middle East, Aware that the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples is among the purposes and principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations, Affirming the principle of the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war, Affirming also the illegality of the Israeli settlements in the territory occupied since 1967 and of Israeli actions aimed at changing the status of Jerusalem, _______________ 1 A/57/621-S/2002/1268. A/RES/57/110 2 Affirming once again the right of all States in the region to live in peace within secure and internationally recognized borders, Recalling the mutual recognition between the Government of the State of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, the representative of the Palestinian people,2 as well as the existing agreements concluded between the two sides, and the need for full compliance with those agreements, Noting with satisfaction the establishment of the Palestinian Authority and the holding of the first Palestinian general elections, as well as the preparations being undertaken for the second elections, Noting the appointment by the Secretary-General of the United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and Personal Representative of the Secretary-General to the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Palestinian Authority, and its positive contribution, Welcoming the convening of the Conference to Support Middle East Peace in Washington, D.C., on 1 October 1993, as well as all follow-up meetings and the international mechanisms established to provide assistance to the Palestinian people, Expressing its grave concern at the tragic events in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, since 28 September 2000 and the continued deterioration of the situation, including the rising number of deaths and injuries, mostly among Palestinian civilians, the deepening humanitarian crisis facing the Palestinian people and the widespread destruction of Palestinian property and infrastructure, both private and public, including many institutions of the Palestinian Authority, Expressing its grave concern also at the repeated incursions into Palestinian- controlled areas and the reoccupation of many Palestinian population centres by the Israeli occupying forces, Emphasizing the importance of the safety and well-being of all civilians in the whole Middle East region, and condemning all acts of violence and terror against civilians on both sides, Gravely concerned at the increased suffering and casualties on both the Palestinian and Israeli sides, the loss of confidence on both sides and the dire situation facing the Middle East peace process, Affirming the urgent need for the parties to cooperate with all international efforts, including the efforts of the Quartet of the United States of America, the Russian Federation, the European Union and the United Nations, to end the current tragic situation and to resume negotiations towards a final peace settlement, 1. Reaffirms the necessity of achieving a peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine, the core of the Arab-Israeli conflict, in all its aspects and of intensifying all efforts to that end; 2. Also reaffirms its full support for the Middle East peace process, which began in Madrid, and the existing agreements between the Israeli and Palestinian sides, stresses the necessity for the establishment of a comprehensive, just and lasting peace in the Middle East, and welcomes in this regard the efforts of the Quartet; _______________ 2 See A/48/486-S/26560, annex. A/RES/57/110 3 3. Welcomes the Arab Peace Initiative adopted by the Council of the League of Arab States at its fourteenth session, held in Beirut on 27 and 28 March 2002;3 4. Stresses the necessity for a commitment to the vision of the two-State solution and the principle of land for peace, as well as the implementation of Security Council resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973) and 1397 (2002); 5. Also stresses the need for a speedy end to the reoccupation of Palestinian population centres and for the complete cessation of all acts of violence, including military attacks, destruction and acts of terror; 6. Calls upon the concerned parties, the Quartet and other interested parties to exert all efforts and initiatives necessary to halt the deterioration of the situation and to reverse all measures taken on the ground since 28 September 2000, and to ensure the successful and speedy resumption of the peace process and the conclusion of a final peaceful settlement; 7. Stresses the need for: (a) The withdrawal of Israel from the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967; (b) The realization of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, primarily the right to self-determination and the right to their independent State; 8. Also stresses the need for resolving the problem of the Palestine refugees in conformity with its resolution 194 (III) of 11 December 1948; 9. Urges Member States to expedite the provision of economic, humanitarian and technical assistance to the Palestinian people and the Palestinian Authority during this critical period to help to alleviate the suffering of the Palestinian people, rebuild the Palestinian economy and infrastructure and support the restructuring and reform of Palestinian institutions; 10. Requests the Secretary-General to continue his efforts with the parties concerned, and in consultation with the Security Council, towards the attainment of a peaceful settlement of the question of Palestine and the promotion of peace in the region and to submit to the General Assembly at its fifty-eighth session a report on these efforts and on developments on this matter. 66th plenary meeting 3 December 2002 _______________ 3 A/56/1026-S/2002/932, annex II, resolution 14/221.
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