Split (1)

train · 1k rows

id stringlengths 15 19	paragraphs listlengths 19 20	question stringlengths 26 174	answer stringlengths 1 70	answer_aliases listlengths 0 6	context stringlengths 4.73k 21.2k	citations listlengths 2 2
2hop__362107_652514	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "title": "Texas–Indian wars" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "title": "British nationality law" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "title": "Birth certificate" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "title": "Dunbar Hospital" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Love and War in the Apennines is a 1971 Second World War memoir (with some changes of names and people and places, and some composite characters) by Eric Newby. It was dramatised as the 2001 film \"In Love and War\" starring Callum Blue and Barbora Bobuľová.", "title": "Love and War in the Apennines" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Callum Kane is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\", played by Laurie Duncan. The character and Duncan's casting was announced on 25 August 2011. Callum was introduced to the show along with five other regular characters. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 6 September 2011. While appearing in the sixth series of \"Hollyoaks Later\" in October 2013, Callum was killed off. His exit came as part of a \"cast cull\", which coincided with the show's 18th anniversary. Duncan's departure from the show was kept secret to ensure viewers would be surprised. The actor later admitted that he cried when he learned that he was leaving.", "title": "Callum Kane" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner—who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a \"run\" on the entities in the \"parallel\" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities:", "title": "Tanzania" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "title": "Italian Eritrea" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack.", "title": "Sant Martí d'Empúries" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Whiston, Merseyside, lived and brought up in Rainhill, Merseyside, McManaman began his youth career at Everton before being released in 2007 and joining Wigan Athletic. He made his first team debut in 2009, and was the man of the match as they won the FA Cup in 2013. In January 2015, he joined West Bromwich Albion for £4.75 million.", "title": "Callum McManaman" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Whiston is a large village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in Merseyside, England. At the 2001 Census the population was recorded as 13,629, (6,560 males and 7,069 females), increasing to 14,263 at the 2011 Census.", "title": "Whiston, Merseyside" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Essex County Park Commission Administration Building is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1916 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 11, 1977.", "title": "Essex County Park Commission Administration Building" } ]	In which borough was Callum McManaman born?	Knowsley	[ "Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley" ]	Title: Sant Martí d'Empúries Passage: Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Italian Eritrea Passage: Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After "il Duce" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa ("Africa Orientale Italiana") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a "new Roman Empire". Title: Birth certificate Passage: In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory. Title: Texas–Indian wars Passage: Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Tanzania Passage: In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner—who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the "parallel" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These entities became critical to the credit markets underpinning the financial system, but were not subject to the same regulatory controls. Further, these entities were vulnerable because of maturity mismatch, meaning that they borrowed short-term in liquid markets to purchase long-term, illiquid and risky assets. This meant that disruptions in credit markets would make them subject to rapid deleveraging, selling their long-term assets at depressed prices. He described the significance of these entities: Title: Callum Kane Passage: Callum Kane is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, "Hollyoaks", played by Laurie Duncan. The character and Duncan's casting was announced on 25 August 2011. Callum was introduced to the show along with five other regular characters. He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 6 September 2011. While appearing in the sixth series of "Hollyoaks Later" in October 2013, Callum was killed off. His exit came as part of a "cast cull", which coincided with the show's 18th anniversary. Duncan's departure from the show was kept secret to ensure viewers would be surprised. The actor later admitted that he cried when he learned that he was leaving. Title: Whiston, Merseyside Passage: Whiston is a large village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in Merseyside, England. At the 2001 Census the population was recorded as 13,629, (6,560 males and 7,069 females), increasing to 14,263 at the 2011 Census. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Dunbar Hospital Passage: The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Title: Love and War in the Apennines Passage: Love and War in the Apennines is a 1971 Second World War memoir (with some changes of names and people and places, and some composite characters) by Eric Newby. It was dramatised as the 2001 film "In Love and War" starring Callum Blue and Barbora Bobuľová. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Tumaraa Passage: Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea. Title: List of territorial entities where English is an official language Passage: The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level. Title: British nationality law Passage: lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption Title: Callum McManaman Passage: Born in Whiston, Merseyside, lived and brought up in Rainhill, Merseyside, McManaman began his youth career at Everton before being released in 2007 and joining Wigan Athletic. He made his first team debut in 2009, and was the man of the match as they won the FA Cup in 2013. In January 2015, he joined West Bromwich Albion for £4.75 million. Title: Essex County Park Commission Administration Building Passage: The Essex County Park Commission Administration Building is located in Newark, Essex County, New Jersey, United States. The building was built in 1916 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 11, 1977. Title: Pangi Territory Passage: Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.	[ "Callum McManaman", "Whiston, Merseyside" ]
2hop__48784_70131	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Weimar Republic is so called because the assembly that adopted its constitution met at Weimar, Germany from 6 February 1919 to 11 August 1919, but this name only became mainstream after 1933. Between 1919 and 1933 there was no single name for the new state that gained widespread acceptance, which is precisely why the old name ``Deutsches Reich ''continued in existence even though hardly anyone used it during the Weimar period. To the right of the spectrum the politically engaged rejected the new democratic model and cringed to see the honour of the traditional word`` Reich'' associated with it. The Catholic Centre party, Zentrum favoured the term ``Deutscher Volksstaat ''(`` German People's State'') while on the moderate left the Chancellor's SPD preferred ``Deutsche Republik ''(`` German Republic''). By 1925 ``Deutsche Republik ''was used by most Germans, but for the anti-democratic right the word`` Republik'' was, along with the relocation of the seat of power to Weimar, a painful reminder of a government structure that had been imposed by foreign statesmen, along with the expulsion of Kaiser Wilhelm in the wake of massive national humiliation. The first recorded mention of the term ``Republik von Weimar ''(`` Republic of Weimar'') came during a speech delivered by Adolf Hitler at a National Socialist German Worker's Party rally in Munich on 24 February 1929; it was a few weeks later that the term ``Weimar Republik ''was first used (again by Hitler) in a newspaper article. Only during the 1930s did the term become mainstream, both within and outside Germany.", "title": "Weimar Republic" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution of the free State of Bavaria regulates the independence of the free State (Republic) as a land of the Federal Republic of (Germany). On 26 October 1946, it was decided by the National Assembly. After a statement of the Council of Ministers of 4 December, she joined with its publication in the bavarian law-paper on 8 December 1946 in force.", "title": "Constitution of Bavaria" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must \"conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law\" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government.", "title": "States of Germany" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the aftermath of World War I and during the German Revolution of 1918 -- 19, Freikorps consisting largely of World War I veterans were raised as right - wing paramilitary militias, ostensibly to fight on behalf of the government against the Soviet - backed German Communists attempting to overthrow the Weimar Republic. However, the Freikorps also despised the Republic and were involved in assassinations of its supporters. The Freikorps were widely seen as a precursor to Nazism, and many of their volunteers ended up joining the Nazi militia, the Sturmabteilung (SA). An entire series of Freikorps awards also existed.", "title": "Freikorps" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After invading Poland in 1939, Germany annexed the lands it was forced to give to a reformed Poland in 1919 -- 1922 by the Treaty of Versailles, including the ``Polish Corridor '', West Prussia, the Province of Posen, and East Upper Silesia. The Volkstag of the Free City of Danzig voted to become a part of Germany again, although Poles and Jews were deprived of their voting rights and all non-Nazi political parties were banned. Parts of Poland that had not been part of Wilhelmine Germany were also incorporated into the Reich.", "title": "Territorial evolution of Germany" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the Political Constitution of the Free and Sovereign State of Colima, the exercise of the Executive Power of this Mexican entity is placed in a single individual, called the Constitutional Governor of the Free and Sovereign State of Colima who is chosen for a period of 6 years and is not eligible for reelection. The term of governor begins November 1 of the year of the election and finishes October 31 after six years have elapsed.", "title": "Governor of Colima" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The chancellor, Angela Merkel (22 November 2005–present), is the head of government and exercises executive power through their Cabinet, similar to the role of a prime minister in other parliamentary democracies. Federal legislative power is vested in the parliament consisting of the Bundestag (Federal Diet) and Bundesrat (Federal Council), which together form the legislative body. The Bundestag is elected through direct elections, by proportional representation (mixed-member). The members of the Bundesrat represent the governments of the sixteen federated states and are members of the state cabinets.Since 1949, the party system has been dominated by the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party of Germany. So far every chancellor has been a member of one of these parties. However, the smaller liberal Free Democratic Party (in parliament from 1949 to 2013 and again since 2017) and the Alliance '90/The Greens (in parliament since 1983) have also played important roles. Since 2005, the left-wing populist party The Left, formed through the merger of two former parties, has been a staple in the German Bundestag though they have never been part of the federal government. In the German federal election, 2017, the right-wing populist Alternative for Germany gained enough votes to attain representation in the parliament for the first time.", "title": "Germany" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gustav Noske (9 July 1868 – 30 November 1946) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He served as the first Minister of Defence (\"Reichswehrminister\") of the Weimar Republic between 1919 and 1920. Noske has been a controversial figure because although he was a member of the socialist movement, he used army and paramilitary forces to bloodily suppress the socialist/communist uprisings of 1919.", "title": "Gustav Noske" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oloff Johannes Truter (Cape Town, 7 August 1829 – Koblenz, Germany, 29 August 1881) was a South African civil servant in the Orange Free State, miner, Landdrost and Acting Government Secretary.", "title": "Oloff Johannes Truter" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Uprising of 1953 in East Germany started with a strike by East Berlin construction workers on 16 June 1953. It turned into a widespread uprising against the German Democratic Republic government the next day. In Germany, the revolt is often called People's Uprising in East Germany (Volksaufstand in der DDR). It involved more than one million people in about 700 localities. 17 June was declared a day of national remembrance in West Germany up until reunification. Strikes and working class networks, particularly relating to the old Social Democratic Party of Germany, anti-fascist resistance networks and trade unions played a key role in the unfolding of the uprising.", "title": "East German uprising of 1953" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2011 the Pact for San Marino government collapsed, causing the disbandment of its component lists. We Sanmarinese, now a fully free party, decided to accept a federative pact with the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party, entering into a new government of national unity. NS run in the Sanmarinese election of 2012 as party of the ultimately victorious PDCS.", "title": "We Sammarinese" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Estonian Reform Party was founded on 18 November 1994, joining together the Reform Party — a splinter from the Pro Patria National Coalition (RKEI) — and the Estonian Liberal Democratic Party (ELDP). The new party, which had 710 members at its foundation, was led by Siim Kallas, who had been President of the Bank of Estonia and previously uninvolved in politics. Kallas was untainted by association with Mart Laar's government, but was widely seen as a proficient central bank governor, having overseen the successful introduction of the Estonian kroon. The party formed ties with the Free Democratic Party of Germany, the Liberal People's Party of Sweden, the Swedish People's Party of Finland, and Latvian Way.", "title": "Estonian Reform Party" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The States' Rights Democratic Party (usually called the Dixiecrats) was a short-lived segregationist political party in the United States. It originated in 1948 as a breakaway faction of the Democratic Party determined to protect states' rights to legislate racial segregation from what its members regarded as an oppressive federal government.", "title": "Dixiecrat" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The German reunification (German: Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR / DDR / East Germany) joined the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG / West Germany) to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity (German: Deutsche Einheit), celebrated on 3 October (German Unity Day) (German: Tag der deutschen Einheit). Following German reunification, Berlin was once again designated as the capital of united Germany.", "title": "German reunification" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Politics of Mexico take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic whose government is based on a congressional system, whereby the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. The federal government represents the United Mexican States and is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial, as established by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, published in 1917. The constituent states of the federation must also have a republican form of government based on a congressional system as established by their respective constitutions.", "title": "Politics of Mexico" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There is evidence of ancient Roman women playing a version of handball called expulsim ludere. There are records of handball-like games in medieval France, and among the Inuit in Greenland, in the Middle Ages. By the 19th century, there existed similar games of håndbold from Denmark, házená in the Czech Republic, handbol in Ukraine, and torball in Germany.The team handball game of today was codified at the end of the 19th century in northern Europe: primarily in Denmark, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The first written set of team handball rules was published in 1906 by the Danish gym teacher, lieutenant and Olympic medalist Holger Nielsen from Ordrup grammar school, north of Copenhagen. The modern set of rules was published on 29 October 1917 by Max Heiser, Karl Schelenz, and Erich Konigh from Germany. After 1919 these rules were improved by Karl Schelenz. The first international games were played under these rules, between Germany and Belgium by men in 1925 and between Germany and Austria by women in 1930.", "title": "Handball" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hohenstein-Ernstthal is a town in the Zwickau rural district, Free State of Saxony, Germany. The towns of Hohenstein and Ernstthal were united in 1898, and the town is either known by its hyphenated form, or simply called Hohenstein.", "title": "Hohenstein-Ernstthal" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observers, police, and political workers, hostilities were briefly renewed on the day the transition process was supposed to begin. After a new round of negotiations, a second date was set and the elections process began in earnest. After the return of SWAPO exiles (over 46,000 exiles), Namibia's first one-person one-vote elections for the constitutional assembly took place in November 1989. The official election slogan was \"Free and Fair Elections\". This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition. The elections were peaceful and declared free and fair.", "title": "Namibia" } ]	Who constituted the free crops in the location where the democratic government set up in Germany in 1919?	consisting largely of World War I veterans	[]	Title: Dixiecrat Passage: The States' Rights Democratic Party (usually called the Dixiecrats) was a short-lived segregationist political party in the United States. It originated in 1948 as a breakaway faction of the Democratic Party determined to protect states' rights to legislate racial segregation from what its members regarded as an oppressive federal government. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Oloff Johannes Truter Passage: Oloff Johannes Truter (Cape Town, 7 August 1829 – Koblenz, Germany, 29 August 1881) was a South African civil servant in the Orange Free State, miner, Landdrost and Acting Government Secretary. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Estonian Reform Party Passage: The Estonian Reform Party was founded on 18 November 1994, joining together the Reform Party — a splinter from the Pro Patria National Coalition (RKEI) — and the Estonian Liberal Democratic Party (ELDP). The new party, which had 710 members at its foundation, was led by Siim Kallas, who had been President of the Bank of Estonia and previously uninvolved in politics. Kallas was untainted by association with Mart Laar's government, but was widely seen as a proficient central bank governor, having overseen the successful introduction of the Estonian kroon. The party formed ties with the Free Democratic Party of Germany, the Liberal People's Party of Sweden, the Swedish People's Party of Finland, and Latvian Way. Title: Territorial evolution of Germany Passage: After invading Poland in 1939, Germany annexed the lands it was forced to give to a reformed Poland in 1919 -- 1922 by the Treaty of Versailles, including the ``Polish Corridor '', West Prussia, the Province of Posen, and East Upper Silesia. The Volkstag of the Free City of Danzig voted to become a part of Germany again, although Poles and Jews were deprived of their voting rights and all non-Nazi political parties were banned. Parts of Poland that had not been part of Wilhelmine Germany were also incorporated into the Reich. Title: Handball Passage: There is evidence of ancient Roman women playing a version of handball called expulsim ludere. There are records of handball-like games in medieval France, and among the Inuit in Greenland, in the Middle Ages. By the 19th century, there existed similar games of håndbold from Denmark, házená in the Czech Republic, handbol in Ukraine, and torball in Germany.The team handball game of today was codified at the end of the 19th century in northern Europe: primarily in Denmark, Germany, Norway and Sweden. The first written set of team handball rules was published in 1906 by the Danish gym teacher, lieutenant and Olympic medalist Holger Nielsen from Ordrup grammar school, north of Copenhagen. The modern set of rules was published on 29 October 1917 by Max Heiser, Karl Schelenz, and Erich Konigh from Germany. After 1919 these rules were improved by Karl Schelenz. The first international games were played under these rules, between Germany and Belgium by men in 1925 and between Germany and Austria by women in 1930. Title: German reunification Passage: The German reunification (German: Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR / DDR / East Germany) joined the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG / West Germany) to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity (German: Deutsche Einheit), celebrated on 3 October (German Unity Day) (German: Tag der deutschen Einheit). Following German reunification, Berlin was once again designated as the capital of united Germany. Title: Freikorps Passage: In the aftermath of World War I and during the German Revolution of 1918 -- 19, Freikorps consisting largely of World War I veterans were raised as right - wing paramilitary militias, ostensibly to fight on behalf of the government against the Soviet - backed German Communists attempting to overthrow the Weimar Republic. However, the Freikorps also despised the Republic and were involved in assassinations of its supporters. The Freikorps were widely seen as a precursor to Nazism, and many of their volunteers ended up joining the Nazi militia, the Sturmabteilung (SA). An entire series of Freikorps awards also existed. Title: Constitution of Bavaria Passage: The Constitution of the free State of Bavaria regulates the independence of the free State (Republic) as a land of the Federal Republic of (Germany). On 26 October 1946, it was decided by the National Assembly. After a statement of the Council of Ministers of 4 December, she joined with its publication in the bavarian law-paper on 8 December 1946 in force. Title: Governor of Colima Passage: According to the Political Constitution of the Free and Sovereign State of Colima, the exercise of the Executive Power of this Mexican entity is placed in a single individual, called the Constitutional Governor of the Free and Sovereign State of Colima who is chosen for a period of 6 years and is not eligible for reelection. The term of governor begins November 1 of the year of the election and finishes October 31 after six years have elapsed. Title: Namibia Passage: A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observers, police, and political workers, hostilities were briefly renewed on the day the transition process was supposed to begin. After a new round of negotiations, a second date was set and the elections process began in earnest. After the return of SWAPO exiles (over 46,000 exiles), Namibia's first one-person one-vote elections for the constitutional assembly took place in November 1989. The official election slogan was "Free and Fair Elections". This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition. The elections were peaceful and declared free and fair. Title: We Sammarinese Passage: In 2011 the Pact for San Marino government collapsed, causing the disbandment of its component lists. We Sanmarinese, now a fully free party, decided to accept a federative pact with the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party, entering into a new government of national unity. NS run in the Sanmarinese election of 2012 as party of the ultimately victorious PDCS. Title: East German uprising of 1953 Passage: The Uprising of 1953 in East Germany started with a strike by East Berlin construction workers on 16 June 1953. It turned into a widespread uprising against the German Democratic Republic government the next day. In Germany, the revolt is often called People's Uprising in East Germany (Volksaufstand in der DDR). It involved more than one million people in about 700 localities. 17 June was declared a day of national remembrance in West Germany up until reunification. Strikes and working class networks, particularly relating to the old Social Democratic Party of Germany, anti-fascist resistance networks and trade unions played a key role in the unfolding of the uprising. Title: Gustav Noske Passage: Gustav Noske (9 July 1868 – 30 November 1946) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He served as the first Minister of Defence ("Reichswehrminister") of the Weimar Republic between 1919 and 1920. Noske has been a controversial figure because although he was a member of the socialist movement, he used army and paramilitary forces to bloodily suppress the socialist/communist uprisings of 1919. Title: Weimar Republic Passage: The Weimar Republic is so called because the assembly that adopted its constitution met at Weimar, Germany from 6 February 1919 to 11 August 1919, but this name only became mainstream after 1933. Between 1919 and 1933 there was no single name for the new state that gained widespread acceptance, which is precisely why the old name ``Deutsches Reich ''continued in existence even though hardly anyone used it during the Weimar period. To the right of the spectrum the politically engaged rejected the new democratic model and cringed to see the honour of the traditional word`` Reich'' associated with it. The Catholic Centre party, Zentrum favoured the term ``Deutscher Volksstaat ''(`` German People's State'') while on the moderate left the Chancellor's SPD preferred ``Deutsche Republik ''(`` German Republic''). By 1925 ``Deutsche Republik ''was used by most Germans, but for the anti-democratic right the word`` Republik'' was, along with the relocation of the seat of power to Weimar, a painful reminder of a government structure that had been imposed by foreign statesmen, along with the expulsion of Kaiser Wilhelm in the wake of massive national humiliation. The first recorded mention of the term ``Republik von Weimar ''(`` Republic of Weimar'') came during a speech delivered by Adolf Hitler at a National Socialist German Worker's Party rally in Munich on 24 February 1929; it was a few weeks later that the term ``Weimar Republik ''was first used (again by Hitler) in a newspaper article. Only during the 1930s did the term become mainstream, both within and outside Germany. Title: Germany Passage: The chancellor, Angela Merkel (22 November 2005–present), is the head of government and exercises executive power through their Cabinet, similar to the role of a prime minister in other parliamentary democracies. Federal legislative power is vested in the parliament consisting of the Bundestag (Federal Diet) and Bundesrat (Federal Council), which together form the legislative body. The Bundestag is elected through direct elections, by proportional representation (mixed-member). The members of the Bundesrat represent the governments of the sixteen federated states and are members of the state cabinets.Since 1949, the party system has been dominated by the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party of Germany. So far every chancellor has been a member of one of these parties. However, the smaller liberal Free Democratic Party (in parliament from 1949 to 2013 and again since 2017) and the Alliance '90/The Greens (in parliament since 1983) have also played important roles. Since 2005, the left-wing populist party The Left, formed through the merger of two former parties, has been a staple in the German Bundestag though they have never been part of the federal government. In the German federal election, 2017, the right-wing populist Alternative for Germany gained enough votes to attain representation in the parliament for the first time. Title: States of Germany Passage: The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Ministerpräsident (Minister-President), together with a unicameral legislative body known as the Landtag (State Diet). The states are parliamentary republics and the relationship between their legislative and executive branches mirrors that of the federal system: the legislatures are popularly elected for four or five years (depending on the state), and the Minister-President is then chosen by a majority vote among the Landtag's members. The Minister-President appoints a cabinet to run the state's agencies and to carry out the executive duties of the state's government. Title: Hohenstein-Ernstthal Passage: Hohenstein-Ernstthal is a town in the Zwickau rural district, Free State of Saxony, Germany. The towns of Hohenstein and Ernstthal were united in 1898, and the town is either known by its hyphenated form, or simply called Hohenstein. Title: Politics of Mexico Passage: The Politics of Mexico take place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic whose government is based on a congressional system, whereby the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. The federal government represents the United Mexican States and is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial, as established by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, published in 1917. The constituent states of the federation must also have a republican form of government based on a congressional system as established by their respective constitutions.	[ "Weimar Republic", "Freikorps" ]
2hop__22431_16335	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in a manner unrelated to its original meaning, often applied to all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic. Jews of any non-Ashkenazi background, including Mizrahi, Yemenite, Kurdish and others who have no connection with the Iberian Peninsula, have similarly come to be lumped together as Sephardic. Jews of mixed background are increasingly common, partly because of intermarriage between Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi, and partly because many do not see such historic markers as relevant to their life experiences as Jews.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Witherspoon et al. (2007) have argued that even when individuals can be reliably assigned to specific population groups, it may still be possible for two randomly chosen individuals from different populations/clusters to be more similar to each other than to a randomly chosen member of their own cluster. They found that many thousands of genetic markers had to be used in order for the answer to the question \"How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?\" to be \"never\". This assumed three population groups separated by large geographic ranges (European, African and East Asian). The entire world population is much more complex and studying an increasing number of groups would require an increasing number of markers for the same answer. The authors conclude that \"caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes.\" Witherspoon, et al. concluded that, \"The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our ﬁnding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population.\"", "title": "Race (human categorization)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certain issues, Orthodox Jews are required to follow the customs of their ancestors, and do not believe they have the option of picking and choosing. For this reason, observant Jews at times find it important for religious reasons to ascertain who their household's religious ancestors are in order to know what customs their household should follow. These times include, for example, when two Jews of different ethnic background marry, when a non-Jew converts to Judaism and determines what customs to follow for the first time, or when a lapsed or less observant Jew returns to traditional Judaism and must determine what was done in his or her family's past. In this sense, \"Ashkenazic\" refers both to a family ancestry and to a body of customs binding on Jews of that ancestry. Reform Judaism, which does not necessarily follow those minhagim, did nonetheless originate among Ashkenazi Jews.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated \"Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry\", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities \"showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect.\" Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude \"Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons.\"", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Efforts to identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis began in the 1990s. Currently, there are three types of genetic origin testing, autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA). Autosomal DNA is a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry, Y-DNA shows a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line, mtDNA shows any person's lineage only along the strict-maternal line. Genome-wide association studies have also been employed to yield findings relevant to genetic origins.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child is another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations although some of these explanations may in turn ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male:female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development.", "title": "Infection" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with \"relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim,\" and a total admixture estimate \"very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%.\" This supported the finding that \"Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors.\" \"Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East,\" Richards said.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2013 trans-genome study carried out by 30 geneticists, from 13 universities and academies, from 9 countries, assembling the largest data set available to date, for assessment of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic origins found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews. \"Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region\", the authors concluded.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of \"post-denominational Judaism\" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. They show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry in common. For Jewish populations of the diaspora, the genetic composition of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish populations show a predominant amount of shared Middle Eastern ancestry. According to Behar, the most parsimonious explanation for this shared Middle Eastern ancestry is that it is \"consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\" and \"the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World\". North African, Italian and others of Iberian origin show variable frequencies of admixture with non-Jewish historical host populations among the maternal lines. In the case of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews (in particular Moroccan Jews), who are closely related, the source of non-Jewish admixture is mainly southern European, while Mizrahi Jews show evidence of admixture with other Middle Eastern populations and Sub-Saharan Africans. Behar et al. have remarked on an especially close relationship of Ashkenazi Jews and modern Italians.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that \"the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\".", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel, or immigration to North America, and other English-speaking areas; and Europe (particularly France) and Latin America, the geographic isolation that gave rise to Ashkenazim has given way to mixing with other cultures, and with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales. Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews, although many Hasidic and Hareidi groups continue to use Yiddish in daily life. (There are numerous Ashkenazi Jewish anglophones and Russian-speakers as well, although English and Russian are not originally Jewish languages.)", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term Ashkenazi also refers to the nusach Ashkenaz (Hebrew, \"liturgical tradition\", or rite) used by Ashkenazi Jews in their Siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition's choice of prayers, order of prayers, text of prayers and melodies used in the singing of prayers. Two other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazic Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, as used by Lubavitch Hasidim.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 2012, resident foreigners made up 23.3% of the population. Most of these (64%) were from European Union or EFTA countries. Italians were the largest single group of foreigners with 15.6% of total foreign population. They were closely followed by Germans (15.2%), immigrants from Portugal (12.7%), France (5.6%), Serbia (5.3%), Turkey (3.8%), Spain (3.7%), and Austria (2%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka, most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group among people of Asian origin (6.3%). Additionally, the figures from 2012 show that 34.7% of the permanent resident population aged 15 or over in Switzerland, i.e. 2,335,000 persons, had an immigrant background. A third of this population (853,000) held Swiss citizenship. Four fifths of persons with an immigration background were themselves immigrants (first generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens), whereas one fifth were born in Switzerland (second generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens). In the 2000s, domestic and international institutions expressed concern about what they perceived as an increase in xenophobia, particularly in some political campaigns. In reply to one critical report the Federal Council noted that \"racism unfortunately is present in Switzerland\", but stated that the high proportion of foreign citizens in the country, as well as the generally unproblematic integration of foreigners\", underlined Switzerland's openness.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" } ]	Ashkenazi Jews and the largest single groups of foreigners in 2010 may be genetically similar due to what two factors?	inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire	[ "Roman Empire" ]	Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel, or immigration to North America, and other English-speaking areas; and Europe (particularly France) and Latin America, the geographic isolation that gave rise to Ashkenazim has given way to mixing with other cultures, and with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales. Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews, although many Hasidic and Hareidi groups continue to use Yiddish in daily life. (There are numerous Ashkenazi Jewish anglophones and Russian-speakers as well, although English and Russian are not originally Jewish languages.) Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: Efforts to identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis began in the 1990s. Currently, there are three types of genetic origin testing, autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA). Autosomal DNA is a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry, Y-DNA shows a male's lineage only along his strict-paternal line, mtDNA shows any person's lineage only along the strict-maternal line. Genome-wide association studies have also been employed to yield findings relevant to genetic origins. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: Of the estimated 8.8 million Jews living in Europe at the beginning of World War II, the majority of whom were Ashkenazi, about 6 million – more than two-thirds – were systematically murdered in the Holocaust. These included 3 million of 3.3 million Polish Jews (91%); 900,000 of 1.5 million in Ukraine (60%); and 50–90% of the Jews of other Slavic nations, Germany, Hungary, and the Baltic states, and over 25% of the Jews in France. Sephardi communities suffered similar depletions in a few countries, including Greece, the Netherlands and the former Yugoslavia. As the large majority of the victims were Ashkenazi Jews, their percentage dropped from nearly 92% of world Jewry in 1931 to nearly 80% of world Jewry today. The Holocaust also effectively put an end to the dynamic development of the Yiddish language in the previous decades, as the vast majority of the Jewish victims of the Holocaust, around 5 million, were Yiddish speakers. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that "the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant". Title: Switzerland Passage: In 2012, resident foreigners made up 23.3% of the population. Most of these (64%) were from European Union or EFTA countries. Italians were the largest single group of foreigners with 15.6% of total foreign population. They were closely followed by Germans (15.2%), immigrants from Portugal (12.7%), France (5.6%), Serbia (5.3%), Turkey (3.8%), Spain (3.7%), and Austria (2%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka, most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group among people of Asian origin (6.3%). Additionally, the figures from 2012 show that 34.7% of the permanent resident population aged 15 or over in Switzerland, i.e. 2,335,000 persons, had an immigrant background. A third of this population (853,000) held Swiss citizenship. Four fifths of persons with an immigration background were themselves immigrants (first generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens), whereas one fifth were born in Switzerland (second generation foreigners and native-born and naturalised Swiss citizens). In the 2000s, domestic and international institutions expressed concern about what they perceived as an increase in xenophobia, particularly in some political campaigns. In reply to one critical report the Federal Council noted that "racism unfortunately is present in Switzerland", but stated that the high proportion of foreign citizens in the country, as well as the generally unproblematic integration of foreigners", underlined Switzerland's openness. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2013 trans-genome study carried out by 30 geneticists, from 13 universities and academies, from 9 countries, assembling the largest data set available to date, for assessment of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic origins found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews. "Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region", the authors concluded. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with "relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim," and a total admixture estimate "very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%." This supported the finding that "Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors." "Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East," Richards said. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: The term Ashkenazi also refers to the nusach Ashkenaz (Hebrew, "liturgical tradition", or rite) used by Ashkenazi Jews in their Siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition's choice of prayers, order of prayers, text of prayers and melodies used in the singing of prayers. Two other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazic Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, as used by Lubavitch Hasidim. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: In this respect, the counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic, since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they are ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi woman who marries into an Orthodox or Haredi Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her children to be Ashkenazi Jews; conversely an Ashkenazi woman who marries a Sephardi or Mizrahi man is expected to take on Sephardic practice and the children inherit a Sephardic identity, though in practice many families compromise. A convert generally follows the practice of the beth din that converted him or her. With the integration of Jews from around the world in Israel, North America, and other places, the religious definition of an Ashkenazi Jew is blurring, especially outside Orthodox Judaism. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: In Israel, the term Ashkenazi is now used in a manner unrelated to its original meaning, often applied to all Jews who settled in Europe and sometimes including those whose ethnic background is actually Sephardic. Jews of any non-Ashkenazi background, including Mizrahi, Yemenite, Kurdish and others who have no connection with the Iberian Peninsula, have similarly come to be lumped together as Sephardic. Jews of mixed background are increasingly common, partly because of intermarriage between Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi, and partly because many do not see such historic markers as relevant to their life experiences as Jews. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certain issues, Orthodox Jews are required to follow the customs of their ancestors, and do not believe they have the option of picking and choosing. For this reason, observant Jews at times find it important for religious reasons to ascertain who their household's religious ancestors are in order to know what customs their household should follow. These times include, for example, when two Jews of different ethnic background marry, when a non-Jew converts to Judaism and determines what customs to follow for the first time, or when a lapsed or less observant Jew returns to traditional Judaism and must determine what was done in his or her family's past. In this sense, "Ashkenazic" refers both to a family ancestry and to a body of customs binding on Jews of that ancestry. Reform Judaism, which does not necessarily follow those minhagim, did nonetheless originate among Ashkenazi Jews. Title: Infection Passage: A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child is another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations although some of these explanations may in turn ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male:female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated "Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins. Title: Jews Passage: Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. In most Jewish populations, these male line ancestors appear to have been mainly Middle Eastern. For example, Ashkenazi Jews share more common paternal lineages with other Jewish and Middle Eastern groups than with non-Jewish populations in areas where Jews lived in Eastern Europe, Germany and the French Rhine Valley. This is consistent with Jewish traditions in placing most Jewish paternal origins in the region of the Middle East. Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous. Scholars such as Harry Ostrer and Raphael Falk believe this indicates that many Jewish males found new mates from European and other communities in the places where they migrated in the diaspora after fleeing ancient Israel. In contrast, Behar has found evidence that about 40% of Ashkenazi Jews originate maternally from just four female founders, who were of Middle Eastern origin. The populations of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jewish communities "showed no evidence for a narrow founder effect." Subsequent studies carried out by Feder et al. confirmed the large portion of non-local maternal origin among Ashkenazi Jews. Reflecting on their findings related to the maternal origin of Ashkenazi Jews, the authors conclude "Clearly, the differences between Jews and non-Jews are far larger than those observed among the Jewish communities. Hence, differences between the Jewish communities can be overlooked when non-Jews are included in the comparisons." Title: Race (human categorization) Passage: Witherspoon et al. (2007) have argued that even when individuals can be reliably assigned to specific population groups, it may still be possible for two randomly chosen individuals from different populations/clusters to be more similar to each other than to a randomly chosen member of their own cluster. They found that many thousands of genetic markers had to be used in order for the answer to the question "How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?" to be "never". This assumed three population groups separated by large geographic ranges (European, African and East Asian). The entire world population is much more complex and studying an increasing number of groups would require an increasing number of markers for the same answer. The authors conclude that "caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes." Witherspoon, et al. concluded that, "The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our ﬁnding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population." Title: Jews Passage: Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. They show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry in common. For Jewish populations of the diaspora, the genetic composition of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish populations show a predominant amount of shared Middle Eastern ancestry. According to Behar, the most parsimonious explanation for this shared Middle Eastern ancestry is that it is "consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant" and "the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World". North African, Italian and others of Iberian origin show variable frequencies of admixture with non-Jewish historical host populations among the maternal lines. In the case of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews (in particular Moroccan Jews), who are closely related, the source of non-Jewish admixture is mainly southern European, while Mizrahi Jews show evidence of admixture with other Middle Eastern populations and Sub-Saharan Africans. Behar et al. have remarked on an especially close relationship of Ashkenazi Jews and modern Italians.	[ "Ashkenazi Jews", "Switzerland" ]
2hop__9223_9237	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Janesville Assembly Plant is a former automobile factory owned by General Motors located in Janesville, Wisconsin. Opened in 1919, it was the oldest operating GM plant when it was largely idled in December 2008, and ceased all remaining production on April 23, 2009. The demolition of the plant began in April 2018.", "title": "Janesville Assembly Plant" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shah Jahan Mosque (also known as Woking Mosque) in Oriental Road, Woking, England, is the first purpose - built mosque in the United Kingdom. Built in 1889, it is located 30 miles (50 km) southwest of London. It is a Grade I listed building.", "title": "Shah Jahan Mosque, Woking" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Istiqlal Mosque () in Jakarta, Indonesia is the largest mosque in Southeast Asia and the third largest Sunni mosque in term of capacity. This national mosque of Indonesia was built to commemorate Indonesian independence and named \"Istiqlal\", an Arabic word for \"independence\". The mosque was opened to the public 22 February 1978. Within Jakarta, the mosque is positioned next to Merdeka Square and the Jakarta Cathedral.", "title": "Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raja Alang Mosque is a historical mosque in Selangor, Malaysia. It is located in Beranang, near the Selangor-Negeri Sembilan border. It was named after Raja Alang, who was the son of Tengku Panglima Besar Selangor who ruled Kajang during Almarhum Sultan Sir Abdul Samad's reign. He was from Sumatra, Indonesia.", "title": "Raja Alang Mosque" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chai Wan Mosque () or Cape Collinson Mosque is a mosque in Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China. It is the fifth mosque built in Hong Kong.", "title": "Chai Wan Mosque" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Red Mosque located on Masjid (mosque) Road is one of the oldest mosques within the capital. Before the construction of Faisal Mosque, the largest in the capital as well as the country, it was in the Red Mosque that presidents and other high public dignitaries came to offer ceremonial prayers .Located at a very centralized position, it lies in close proximity to the two busiest commercial centres of the city, Aabparah market in the east and Melody market in the north. It was built in 1965 and is named for its red walls and interiors. According to Capital Development Authority (CDA) records, the Lal Masjid is one of the oldest Mosques in Islamabad. Maulana Muhammad Abdullah was appointed its first imam. Abdullah was critical of all governments except Zia's with whom he was very close. General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq had very close relationship with Maulana Muhammad Abdullah, the former head of the mosque. During the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989), the Red Mosque played a major role in recruiting and training mujahideen to fight with Alongside Afghan mujahideen. Throughout its existence, it has enjoyed patronage from influential members of the government, prime ministers, army chiefs, and presidents. Several thousand male and female students live in adjacent seminaries.After Maulana Muhammad Abdullah was assassinated in 1998, his sons Abdul Aziz and Abdul Rashid took over the mosque, Abdul Aziz remains the official khateeb (sermon giver) of the Mosque.", "title": "Lal Masjid, Islamabad" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The site was originally adjacent to Muhammad's house; he settled there after his migration from Mecca to Medina in 622. He shared in the heavy work of construction. The original mosque was an open-air building. The mosque served as a community center, a court, and a religious school. There was a raised platform for the people who taught the Quran. Subsequent Islamic rulers greatly expanded and decorated it. In 1909, it became the first place in the Arabian Peninsula to be provided with electrical lights. The mosque is under the control of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. The mosque is located in what was traditionally the center of Medina, with many hotels and old markets nearby. It is a major pilgrimage site. Many pilgrims who perform the Hajj go on to Medina to visit the mosque, due to its connection to Muhammad.", "title": "Al-Masjid an-Nabawi" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Al-Serkal Mosque is the main mosque in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. It was a gift from Al Serkal Family, United Arab Emirates and opened in 1968. It is situated north of the town, near the Boeung Kak lake, which is now dry.", "title": "Al-Serkal Mosque" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Molecular Plant Pathology is a bimonthly open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the British Society for Plant Pathology. It was established in January 2000 by Gary D. Foster, University of Bristol, who acted as editor-in-chief from 2000 to 2012. The journal covers research concerning plant pathology, in particular its molecular aspects such as plant-pathogen interactions. The current editor-in-chief is Ralph A. Dean (North Carolina State University). The journal had a 2017 impact factor of 4.188, ranking it 17th out of 223 journals in the category \"Plant Sciences\". The journal became open access in January 2019.", "title": "Molecular Plant Pathology" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bibi Ka Maqbara (English: ``Tomb of the Lady '') is a tomb located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's son Azam Shah in the memory of his mother (posthumously known as Rabia - ud - Daurani). It bears a striking resemblance to the famous Taj Mahal, the mausoleum of wife of Shah Jahan. He had built the Badshahi Mosque at Lahore one of the largest Mosques in the world and the largest one at that time, as well as the small, but elegant, Pearl Mosque at Delhi.", "title": "Bibi Ka Maqbara" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sultan Ahmed Mosque or Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Turkish: Sultan Ahmet Camii) is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. A popular tourist site, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque continues to function as a mosque today; men still kneel in prayer on the mosque's lush red carpet after the call to prayer. The Blue Mosque, as it is popularly known, was constructed between 1609 and 1616 during the rule of Ahmed I. Its Külliye contains Ahmed's tomb, a madrasah and a hospice. Hand - painted blue tiles adorn the mosque's interior walls, and at night the mosque is bathed in blue as lights frame the mosque's five main domes, six minarets and eight secondary domes. It sits next to the Hagia Sophia, another popular tourist site.", "title": "Sultan Ahmed Mosque" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Botnur power plant () is a hydroelectric power station supplying the Faroe Islands island of Suðuroy with electricity. It is located to the north of Vágur. Botnur was the first hydroelectric plant built in the Faroes.", "title": "Botnur power plant" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jama Masjid is a mosque in the town of Kanchipuram in Tamil Nadu, India. It was constructed by more than three hundred years ago by the nawabs of the Carnatic. One of the 108 \"shivalingas\" in the town are located inside the mosque.", "title": "Jama Masjid, Kanchipuram" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first mosque in Australia was built in 1861 at Marree, South Australia. The Great Mosque of Adelaide was built in 1888 by the descendants of the Afghan cameleers.", "title": "Islam in Australia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Al-Salam Mosque and Arabian Cultural Center are located in Odessa, Ukraine. The cultural center and mosque were opened in June 2001.", "title": "Al-Salam Mosque, Odessa" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque or the Floating Mosque is the first real floating mosque in Malaysia. It is situated in Kuala Ibai Lagoon near the estuary of Kuala Ibai River, 4 km from Kuala Terengganu Town. Construction began in 1993 and finished in 1995. The mosque was officially opened in July 1995 by Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, the late Sultan of Terengganu. The mosque combines modern and Moorish architecture; incorporating the use of marble, ceramics, mosaic works and bomanite paving. The white structure of the mosque covers an area of roughly 5 acres and can accommodate up to 2000 attendees at a time.", "title": "Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Haji Yusoff Mosque () is a mosque located in Hillside Drive, off Upper Serangoon Road, Singapore. It is a Wakaf type of mosque.", "title": "Masjid Haji Yusoff" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry (of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands capital of Majuro) said power authorities, private companies, and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators, and ships. Coconut trees abound in the Pacific's tropical islands. Copra, the meat of the coconut, yields coconut oil (1 liter for every 6 to 10 coconuts). In 2009, a 57 kW solar power plant was installed, the largest in the Pacific at the time, including New Zealand. It is estimated that 330 kW of solar and 450 kW of wind power would be required to make the College of the Marshall Islands energy self-sufficient. Marshalls Energy Company (MEC), a government entity, provides the islands with electricity. In 2008, 420 solar home systems of 200 Wp each were installed on Ailinglaplap Atoll, sufficient for limited electricity use.", "title": "Marshall Islands" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ (formerly Congregational), with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%; Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%; Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population. There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012.", "title": "Marshall Islands" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Central Mosque Wembley (also known as Central Wembley Mosque and Wembley Central Mosque) is situated in the inner London Borough of Brent. The main mosque in North West London, it is located on Ealing Road and serves the UK’s fifth largest Muslim community, which is predominantly Pakistani and Bangladeshi. Along with the adjacent \"Muslim Welfare Association\", it has a capacity of up to 2200 people.", "title": "Central Mosque Wembley" } ]	When did the first mosque open in the place where Tobolar Copra plant is located?	September 2012	[ "2012" ]	Title: Islam in Australia Passage: The first mosque in Australia was built in 1861 at Marree, South Australia. The Great Mosque of Adelaide was built in 1888 by the descendants of the Afghan cameleers. Title: Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta Passage: Istiqlal Mosque () in Jakarta, Indonesia is the largest mosque in Southeast Asia and the third largest Sunni mosque in term of capacity. This national mosque of Indonesia was built to commemorate Indonesian independence and named "Istiqlal", an Arabic word for "independence". The mosque was opened to the public 22 February 1978. Within Jakarta, the mosque is positioned next to Merdeka Square and the Jakarta Cathedral. Title: Central Mosque Wembley Passage: The Central Mosque Wembley (also known as Central Wembley Mosque and Wembley Central Mosque) is situated in the inner London Borough of Brent. The main mosque in North West London, it is located on Ealing Road and serves the UK’s fifth largest Muslim community, which is predominantly Pakistani and Bangladeshi. Along with the adjacent "Muslim Welfare Association", it has a capacity of up to 2200 people. Title: Marshall Islands Passage: On September 15, 2007, Witon Barry (of the Tobolar Copra processing plant in the Marshall Islands capital of Majuro) said power authorities, private companies, and entrepreneurs had been experimenting with coconut oil as alternative to diesel fuel for vehicles, power generators, and ships. Coconut trees abound in the Pacific's tropical islands. Copra, the meat of the coconut, yields coconut oil (1 liter for every 6 to 10 coconuts). In 2009, a 57 kW solar power plant was installed, the largest in the Pacific at the time, including New Zealand. It is estimated that 330 kW of solar and 450 kW of wind power would be required to make the College of the Marshall Islands energy self-sufficient. Marshalls Energy Company (MEC), a government entity, provides the islands with electricity. In 2008, 420 solar home systems of 200 Wp each were installed on Ailinglaplap Atoll, sufficient for limited electricity use. Title: Masjid Haji Yusoff Passage: The Haji Yusoff Mosque () is a mosque located in Hillside Drive, off Upper Serangoon Road, Singapore. It is a Wakaf type of mosque. Title: Al-Masjid an-Nabawi Passage: The site was originally adjacent to Muhammad's house; he settled there after his migration from Mecca to Medina in 622. He shared in the heavy work of construction. The original mosque was an open-air building. The mosque served as a community center, a court, and a religious school. There was a raised platform for the people who taught the Quran. Subsequent Islamic rulers greatly expanded and decorated it. In 1909, it became the first place in the Arabian Peninsula to be provided with electrical lights. The mosque is under the control of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. The mosque is located in what was traditionally the center of Medina, with many hotels and old markets nearby. It is a major pilgrimage site. Many pilgrims who perform the Hajj go on to Medina to visit the mosque, due to its connection to Muhammad. Title: Raja Alang Mosque Passage: Raja Alang Mosque is a historical mosque in Selangor, Malaysia. It is located in Beranang, near the Selangor-Negeri Sembilan border. It was named after Raja Alang, who was the son of Tengku Panglima Besar Selangor who ruled Kajang during Almarhum Sultan Sir Abdul Samad's reign. He was from Sumatra, Indonesia. Title: Chai Wan Mosque Passage: The Chai Wan Mosque () or Cape Collinson Mosque is a mosque in Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China. It is the fifth mosque built in Hong Kong. Title: Shah Jahan Mosque, Woking Passage: The Shah Jahan Mosque (also known as Woking Mosque) in Oriental Road, Woking, England, is the first purpose - built mosque in the United Kingdom. Built in 1889, it is located 30 miles (50 km) southwest of London. It is a Grade I listed building. Title: Janesville Assembly Plant Passage: Janesville Assembly Plant is a former automobile factory owned by General Motors located in Janesville, Wisconsin. Opened in 1919, it was the oldest operating GM plant when it was largely idled in December 2008, and ceased all remaining production on April 23, 2009. The demolition of the plant began in April 2018. Title: Al-Serkal Mosque Passage: The Al-Serkal Mosque is the main mosque in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. It was a gift from Al Serkal Family, United Arab Emirates and opened in 1968. It is situated north of the town, near the Boeung Kak lake, which is now dry. Title: Botnur power plant Passage: Botnur power plant () is a hydroelectric power station supplying the Faroe Islands island of Suðuroy with electricity. It is located to the north of Vágur. Botnur was the first hydroelectric plant built in the Faroes. Title: Marshall Islands Passage: Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Church of Christ (formerly Congregational), with 51.5% of the population; the Assemblies of God, 24.2%; the Roman Catholic Church, 8.4%; and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), 8.3%; Also represented are Bukot Nan Jesus (also known as Assembly of God Part Two), 2.2%; Baptist, 1.0%; Seventh-day Adventists, 0.9%; Full Gospel, 0.7%; and the Baha'i Faith, 0.6%; Persons without any religious affiliation account for a very small percentage of the population. There is also a small community of Ahmadiyya Muslims based in Majuro, with the first mosque opening in the capital in September 2012. Title: Sultan Ahmed Mosque Passage: The Sultan Ahmed Mosque or Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Turkish: Sultan Ahmet Camii) is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey. A popular tourist site, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque continues to function as a mosque today; men still kneel in prayer on the mosque's lush red carpet after the call to prayer. The Blue Mosque, as it is popularly known, was constructed between 1609 and 1616 during the rule of Ahmed I. Its Külliye contains Ahmed's tomb, a madrasah and a hospice. Hand - painted blue tiles adorn the mosque's interior walls, and at night the mosque is bathed in blue as lights frame the mosque's five main domes, six minarets and eight secondary domes. It sits next to the Hagia Sophia, another popular tourist site. Title: Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque Passage: The Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque or the Floating Mosque is the first real floating mosque in Malaysia. It is situated in Kuala Ibai Lagoon near the estuary of Kuala Ibai River, 4 km from Kuala Terengganu Town. Construction began in 1993 and finished in 1995. The mosque was officially opened in July 1995 by Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, the late Sultan of Terengganu. The mosque combines modern and Moorish architecture; incorporating the use of marble, ceramics, mosaic works and bomanite paving. The white structure of the mosque covers an area of roughly 5 acres and can accommodate up to 2000 attendees at a time. Title: Bibi Ka Maqbara Passage: The Bibi Ka Maqbara (English: ``Tomb of the Lady '') is a tomb located in Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. It was built by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb's son Azam Shah in the memory of his mother (posthumously known as Rabia - ud - Daurani). It bears a striking resemblance to the famous Taj Mahal, the mausoleum of wife of Shah Jahan. He had built the Badshahi Mosque at Lahore one of the largest Mosques in the world and the largest one at that time, as well as the small, but elegant, Pearl Mosque at Delhi. Title: Al-Salam Mosque, Odessa Passage: The Al-Salam Mosque and Arabian Cultural Center are located in Odessa, Ukraine. The cultural center and mosque were opened in June 2001. Title: Lal Masjid, Islamabad Passage: The Red Mosque located on Masjid (mosque) Road is one of the oldest mosques within the capital. Before the construction of Faisal Mosque, the largest in the capital as well as the country, it was in the Red Mosque that presidents and other high public dignitaries came to offer ceremonial prayers .Located at a very centralized position, it lies in close proximity to the two busiest commercial centres of the city, Aabparah market in the east and Melody market in the north. It was built in 1965 and is named for its red walls and interiors. According to Capital Development Authority (CDA) records, the Lal Masjid is one of the oldest Mosques in Islamabad. Maulana Muhammad Abdullah was appointed its first imam. Abdullah was critical of all governments except Zia's with whom he was very close. General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq had very close relationship with Maulana Muhammad Abdullah, the former head of the mosque. During the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989), the Red Mosque played a major role in recruiting and training mujahideen to fight with Alongside Afghan mujahideen. Throughout its existence, it has enjoyed patronage from influential members of the government, prime ministers, army chiefs, and presidents. Several thousand male and female students live in adjacent seminaries.After Maulana Muhammad Abdullah was assassinated in 1998, his sons Abdul Aziz and Abdul Rashid took over the mosque, Abdul Aziz remains the official khateeb (sermon giver) of the Mosque. Title: Jama Masjid, Kanchipuram Passage: Jama Masjid is a mosque in the town of Kanchipuram in Tamil Nadu, India. It was constructed by more than three hundred years ago by the nawabs of the Carnatic. One of the 108 "shivalingas" in the town are located inside the mosque. Title: Molecular Plant Pathology Passage: Molecular Plant Pathology is a bimonthly open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the British Society for Plant Pathology. It was established in January 2000 by Gary D. Foster, University of Bristol, who acted as editor-in-chief from 2000 to 2012. The journal covers research concerning plant pathology, in particular its molecular aspects such as plant-pathogen interactions. The current editor-in-chief is Ralph A. Dean (North Carolina State University). The journal had a 2017 impact factor of 4.188, ranking it 17th out of 223 journals in the category "Plant Sciences". The journal became open access in January 2019.	[ "Marshall Islands", "Marshall Islands" ]
2hop__312223_144857	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Steve Somers (born April 17, 1947) is an American talk radio host best known for his work on the New York City sports radio station WFAN (660 AM). He has been with the station since its inception in 1987.", "title": "Steve Somers" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Love Is on the Way '', a song by Billy Porter, released on The First Wives Club Soundtrack, later covered by Celine Dion on her album Let's Talk About Love", "title": "Love Is on the Way" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In season two, Danny is fired from his job as a sportscaster and instead is promoted to a higher position as the host of a morning talk show titled Wake Up San Francisco, earning him a co-host named Rebecca Donaldson (Lori Loughlin) and Jesse's potential love interest. Meanwhile, Jesse and Joey become best friends (much to Danny's jealousy) and start doing advertising jingles together.", "title": "Full House (season 2)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WMMW (1470 AM) is a radio station licensed to Meriden, Connecticut. broadcasting a talk radio format. WMMW is part of a three station simulcast, along with 610 WSNG, Torrington and the home base, 1360 WDRC (AM), Hartford. The three stations use the slogan \"The Talk of Connecticut\" featuring a local morning show and syndicated programs the rest of the day, including Michael Savage. The station is owned by Red Wolf Broadcasting and features programming from Fox News Radio, Talk Radio Network and Westwood One. The station provides a blend of issue-oriented talk, news and information.", "title": "WMMW" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Bangkok Love Story\" was released in Thailand cinemas on August 13, 2007. The film proved popular, with the \"Bangkok Post\" stating it was “the movie everybody has been talking about\". The film earned US$325,000 in its Thailand theatrical run.", "title": "Bangkok Love Story" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glove Taps is a 1937 \"Our Gang\" short comedy film directed by Gordon Douglas. It was the 151st \"Our Gang\" short (152nd episode, 63rd talking short, and 64th talking episode) that was released.", "title": "Glove Taps" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Neal Asbury (born May 2, 1957) is an American entrepreneur and Chief Executive of The Legacy Companies. In addition to being an advocate of entrepreneurship and free enterprise, he is a published author, and he hosts the nationally syndicated talk radio show \"Neal Asbury's Truth for America\" (\"now Neal Asbury's Made in America\").", "title": "Neal Asbury" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pigskin Palooka is a 1937 \"Our Gang\" short comedy film directed by Gordon Douglas. It was the 159th \"Our Gang\" short (160th episode, 70th talking short, and 71st talking episode) that was released.", "title": "The Pigskin Palooka" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes is an American talk show hosted by artist Andy Warhol, that aired on MTV from 1985 to 1987. One of the network's earliest series, it was made up of interviews of up and coming musicians such as Courtney Love.", "title": "Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Morals for Women (known in the UK as Farewell Party and in re-release as Big City Interlude) is a 1931 American Pre-Code talking film produced and released by Tiffany Pictures, often considered a low budget studio. The film stars Bessie Love and Conway Tearle. It is preserved at the Library of Congress, has been released on DVD, and is in the public domain.", "title": "Morals for Women" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roamin' Holiday is a 1937 \"Our Gang\" short comedy film directed by Gordon Douglas. It was the 155th \"Our Gang\" short released (156th episode, 67th talking short, and 68th talking episode).", "title": "Roamin' Holiday" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love is a 1981 collection of short stories by American writer Raymond Carver, as well as the title of one of the stories in the collection.", "title": "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Treat Her Like a Lady\" is a song written and recorded by Jamaican reggae singer, Diana King in 1995 for her album \"Tougher Than Love\". Celine Dion covered the song in 1997 for \"Let's Talk About Love\" and released it as a single in 1999. Dion's version reached top forty in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Austria, Iceland and Spain.", "title": "Treat Her Like a Lady (Diana King song)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Freak Talks About Sex, released for home video as Blowin' Smoke (its working title was \"Syracuse Muse\"), is a 1999 film starring Steve Zahn and Josh Hamilton. The movie was shot in Auburn and Syracuse, New York. It deals with issues such as love, sex, life after college, and living in a medium-sized city, in this case Syracuse.", "title": "Freak Talks About Sex" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WPGG (1450 AM; \"WPG Talk Radio 95.5\") is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Atlantic City, New Jersey. The station is owned by Townsquare Media and the broadcast license is held by Townsquare Media Atlantic City License, LLC. Operating with non-directional 1,000 watts day and night, the station can be heard throughout New Jersey's Ocean, Atlantic, and Cape May Counties and into southern Delaware, coastal Maryland, coastal North Carolina, the southern side of much of Long Island, NY, and southern parts of Cape Cod, MA. Since October 22, 2012, the station broadcasts a talk radio format under the branding \"WPG Talk Radio 1450.\" In May 2016, reflecting the frequency of its FM translator, 104.1 W281BH, the station rebranded as \"WPG Talk Radio 104.1.\" In May 2019, the station moved to a new translator, 95.5 W238CZ with another rebranding as \"WPG Talk Radio 95.5\" (104.1 became the new home of Classic Rock \"Rock 104.1\", relaying the signal of WENJ 97.3-HD4). WPGG's transmitter is located in Atlantic City, while its studios are in, and translator transmits from, Northfield, New Jersey.", "title": "WPGG" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "CIMI-FM was a French-language talk radio and modern rock radio station in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The station broadcast at 103.7 FM and broadcasts from the borough of Charlesbourg.", "title": "CIMI-FM" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Irene Villa (born 21 November 1978) is a Spanish author and journalist who became a political figure after losing both legs in an ETA attack in Madrid at the age of 12. She was particularly vocal in her opposition to José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's policy of offering peace talks to the group if they disarmed. She has since become a para-alpine skier.", "title": "Irene Villa" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Carver was born in Clatskanie, Oregon, a mill town on the Columbia River, and grew up in Yakima, Washington, the son of Ella Beatrice (née Casey) and Clevie Raymond Carver. His father, a sawmill worker from Arkansas, was a fisherman and heavy drinker. Carver's mother worked on and off as a waitress and a retail clerk. His brother, James Franklin Carver, was born in 1943.", "title": "Raymond Carver" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Night 'n' Gales is a 1937 \"Our Gang\" short comedy film directed by Gordon Douglas. It was the 156th \"Our Gang\" short (157th episode, 68th talking short, and 69th talking episode that was released.", "title": "Night 'n' Gales" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Body Talk Pt. 2 is the sixth studio album by Swedish recording artist Robyn. It was released on 6 September 2010, by Konichiwa Records. The album is the second part of the \"Body Talk\" trilogy, which consists of three mini-albums, all released during 2010. Robyn started working on songs for the album when \"Body Talk Pt. 1\" (2010) was still in development, and she collaborated with Klas Åhlund, Kleerup, Savage Skulls, Diplo, Snoop Dogg and Niggaracci. Musically, the songs on \"Body Talk Pt. 2\" are upbeat and a mixture between electro, house, hip hop and disco.", "title": "Body Talk Pt. 2" } ]	What city was the author of What We Talk About When We Talk About love born in?	Clatskanie	[ "Clatskanie, Oregon" ]	Title: WPGG Passage: WPGG (1450 AM; "WPG Talk Radio 95.5") is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Atlantic City, New Jersey. The station is owned by Townsquare Media and the broadcast license is held by Townsquare Media Atlantic City License, LLC. Operating with non-directional 1,000 watts day and night, the station can be heard throughout New Jersey's Ocean, Atlantic, and Cape May Counties and into southern Delaware, coastal Maryland, coastal North Carolina, the southern side of much of Long Island, NY, and southern parts of Cape Cod, MA. Since October 22, 2012, the station broadcasts a talk radio format under the branding "WPG Talk Radio 1450." In May 2016, reflecting the frequency of its FM translator, 104.1 W281BH, the station rebranded as "WPG Talk Radio 104.1." In May 2019, the station moved to a new translator, 95.5 W238CZ with another rebranding as "WPG Talk Radio 95.5" (104.1 became the new home of Classic Rock "Rock 104.1", relaying the signal of WENJ 97.3-HD4). WPGG's transmitter is located in Atlantic City, while its studios are in, and translator transmits from, Northfield, New Jersey. Title: Neal Asbury Passage: Neal Asbury (born May 2, 1957) is an American entrepreneur and Chief Executive of The Legacy Companies. In addition to being an advocate of entrepreneurship and free enterprise, he is a published author, and he hosts the nationally syndicated talk radio show "Neal Asbury's Truth for America" ("now Neal Asbury's Made in America"). Title: Full House (season 2) Passage: In season two, Danny is fired from his job as a sportscaster and instead is promoted to a higher position as the host of a morning talk show titled Wake Up San Francisco, earning him a co-host named Rebecca Donaldson (Lori Loughlin) and Jesse's potential love interest. Meanwhile, Jesse and Joey become best friends (much to Danny's jealousy) and start doing advertising jingles together. Title: Night 'n' Gales Passage: Night 'n' Gales is a 1937 "Our Gang" short comedy film directed by Gordon Douglas. It was the 156th "Our Gang" short (157th episode, 68th talking short, and 69th talking episode that was released. Title: WMMW Passage: WMMW (1470 AM) is a radio station licensed to Meriden, Connecticut. broadcasting a talk radio format. WMMW is part of a three station simulcast, along with 610 WSNG, Torrington and the home base, 1360 WDRC (AM), Hartford. The three stations use the slogan "The Talk of Connecticut" featuring a local morning show and syndicated programs the rest of the day, including Michael Savage. The station is owned by Red Wolf Broadcasting and features programming from Fox News Radio, Talk Radio Network and Westwood One. The station provides a blend of issue-oriented talk, news and information. Title: Freak Talks About Sex Passage: Freak Talks About Sex, released for home video as Blowin' Smoke (its working title was "Syracuse Muse"), is a 1999 film starring Steve Zahn and Josh Hamilton. The movie was shot in Auburn and Syracuse, New York. It deals with issues such as love, sex, life after college, and living in a medium-sized city, in this case Syracuse. Title: Irene Villa Passage: Irene Villa (born 21 November 1978) is a Spanish author and journalist who became a political figure after losing both legs in an ETA attack in Madrid at the age of 12. She was particularly vocal in her opposition to José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's policy of offering peace talks to the group if they disarmed. She has since become a para-alpine skier. Title: CIMI-FM Passage: CIMI-FM was a French-language talk radio and modern rock radio station in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The station broadcast at 103.7 FM and broadcasts from the borough of Charlesbourg. Title: The Pigskin Palooka Passage: The Pigskin Palooka is a 1937 "Our Gang" short comedy film directed by Gordon Douglas. It was the 159th "Our Gang" short (160th episode, 70th talking short, and 71st talking episode) that was released. Title: Glove Taps Passage: Glove Taps is a 1937 "Our Gang" short comedy film directed by Gordon Douglas. It was the 151st "Our Gang" short (152nd episode, 63rd talking short, and 64th talking episode) that was released. Title: Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes Passage: Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes is an American talk show hosted by artist Andy Warhol, that aired on MTV from 1985 to 1987. One of the network's earliest series, it was made up of interviews of up and coming musicians such as Courtney Love. Title: What We Talk About When We Talk About Love Passage: What We Talk About When We Talk About Love is a 1981 collection of short stories by American writer Raymond Carver, as well as the title of one of the stories in the collection. Title: Roamin' Holiday Passage: Roamin' Holiday is a 1937 "Our Gang" short comedy film directed by Gordon Douglas. It was the 155th "Our Gang" short released (156th episode, 67th talking short, and 68th talking episode). Title: Raymond Carver Passage: Carver was born in Clatskanie, Oregon, a mill town on the Columbia River, and grew up in Yakima, Washington, the son of Ella Beatrice (née Casey) and Clevie Raymond Carver. His father, a sawmill worker from Arkansas, was a fisherman and heavy drinker. Carver's mother worked on and off as a waitress and a retail clerk. His brother, James Franklin Carver, was born in 1943. Title: Love Is on the Way Passage: ``Love Is on the Way '', a song by Billy Porter, released on The First Wives Club Soundtrack, later covered by Celine Dion on her album Let's Talk About Love Title: Morals for Women Passage: Morals for Women (known in the UK as Farewell Party and in re-release as Big City Interlude) is a 1931 American Pre-Code talking film produced and released by Tiffany Pictures, often considered a low budget studio. The film stars Bessie Love and Conway Tearle. It is preserved at the Library of Congress, has been released on DVD, and is in the public domain. Title: Treat Her Like a Lady (Diana King song) Passage: "Treat Her Like a Lady" is a song written and recorded by Jamaican reggae singer, Diana King in 1995 for her album "Tougher Than Love". Celine Dion covered the song in 1997 for "Let's Talk About Love" and released it as a single in 1999. Dion's version reached top forty in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Austria, Iceland and Spain. Title: Bangkok Love Story Passage: "Bangkok Love Story" was released in Thailand cinemas on August 13, 2007. The film proved popular, with the "Bangkok Post" stating it was “the movie everybody has been talking about". The film earned US$325,000 in its Thailand theatrical run. Title: Body Talk Pt. 2 Passage: Body Talk Pt. 2 is the sixth studio album by Swedish recording artist Robyn. It was released on 6 September 2010, by Konichiwa Records. The album is the second part of the "Body Talk" trilogy, which consists of three mini-albums, all released during 2010. Robyn started working on songs for the album when "Body Talk Pt. 1" (2010) was still in development, and she collaborated with Klas Åhlund, Kleerup, Savage Skulls, Diplo, Snoop Dogg and Niggaracci. Musically, the songs on "Body Talk Pt. 2" are upbeat and a mixture between electro, house, hip hop and disco. Title: Steve Somers Passage: Steve Somers (born April 17, 1947) is an American talk radio host best known for his work on the New York City sports radio station WFAN (660 AM). He has been with the station since its inception in 1987.	[ "What We Talk About When We Talk About Love", "Raymond Carver" ]
2hop__276637_126089	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925 in response to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue its reparation payments in the aftermath of World War I.", "title": "Occupation of the Ruhr" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An electric field is a field that surrounds electric charges. It represents charges attracting or repelling other electric charges by exerting force. Mathematically the electric field is a vector field that associates to each point in space the force, called the Coulomb force, that would be experienced per unit of charge, by an infinitesimal test charge at that point. The units of the electric field in the SI system are newtons per coulomb (N / C), or volts per meter (V / m). Electric fields are created by electric charges, and by time - varying magnetic fields. Electric fields are important in many areas of physics, and are exploited practically in electrical technology. On an atomic scale, the electric field is responsible for the attractive force between the atomic nucleus and electrons that holds atoms together, and the forces between atoms that cause chemical bonding. The electric field and the magnetic field together form the electromagnetic force, one of the four fundamental forces of nature.", "title": "Electric field" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Calderón (pronounced (kaldeˈɾon)) is a Spanish occupational surname. It is derived from the Vulgar Latin ``caldaria ''(`` cauldron'') and refers to the occupation of tinker.", "title": "Calderón" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current I(t) through any component in an electric circuit is defined as the rate of flow of a charge Q(t) passing through it, but actual charges—electrons—cannot pass through the dielectric layer of a capacitor. Rather, one electron accumulates on the negative plate for each one that leaves the positive plate, resulting in an electron depletion and consequent positive charge on one electrode that is equal and opposite to the accumulated negative charge on the other. Thus the charge on the electrodes is equal to the integral of the current as well as proportional to the voltage, as discussed above. As with any antiderivative, a constant of integration is added to represent the initial voltage V(t0). This is the integral form of the capacitor equation:", "title": "Capacitor" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Through combining the definition of electric current as the time rate of change of electric charge, a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field. The connection between electricity and magnetism allows for the description of a unified electromagnetic force that acts on a charge. This force can be written as a sum of the electrostatic force (due to the electric field) and the magnetic force (due to the magnetic field). Fully stated, this is the law:", "title": "Force" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The occupation of the Baltic states was the military occupation of the three Baltic states -- Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania -- by the Soviet Union under the auspices of the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact on 14 June 1940 followed by their incorporation into the USSR as constituent republics, unrecognised by most Western powers. On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany attacked the USSR and within weeks occupied the Baltic territories. In July 1941, the Baltic territory was incorporated into the Reichskommissariat Ostland of the Third Reich. As a result of the Baltic Offensive of 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured most of the Baltic states and trapped the remaining German forces in the Courland pocket until their formal surrender in May 1945. The Soviet ``annexation occupation ''(Annexionsbesetzung or occupation sui generis) of the Baltic states lasted until August 1991, when the Baltic states regained independence.", "title": "Occupation of the Baltic states" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Villa Welgelegen is a historical building in Haarlem, the Netherlands, which currently houses the offices of the provincial executives of North Holland. Located at the north end of a public park in the city, it is an example of neoclassical architecture, unusual for its style in the Netherlands.", "title": "Villa Welgelegen" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 is a US labor law governing the federal law of occupational health and safety in the private sector and federal government in the United States. It was enacted by Congress in 1970 and was signed by President Richard Nixon on December 29, 1970. Its main goal is to ensure that employers provide employees with an environment free from recognized hazards, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions. The Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).", "title": "Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1946 Bremen's mayor Wilhelm Kaisen (SPD) travelled to the U.S. to re-establish Bremen's statehood, as Bremen had traditionally been a city-state, in order to prevent its incorporation into the state of Lower Saxony in the British zone of occupation. In 1947 the city became an enclave, part of the American occupation zone surrounded by the British zone.", "title": "Bremen" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shanghai Bull, the Bund Financial Bull or the Bund Bull are monikers associated with a derivative of Arturo Di Modica's \"Charging Bull\" installed in late April 2010 and unveiled on The Bund in Shanghai on May 15, 2010. The work of art is said to have the same height, length and weight as the New York City \"Charging Bull\". The bull is reddish as a tribute to the country that commissioned the work. It leans to right instead of the left like \"Charging Bull\" and has a more menacing tail. The Bull's popularity has been a problem for local authorities.", "title": "Bund Bull" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Mount Longdon was an engagement of the Falklands War between the British Third Battalion, of the Parachute Regiment supported by six L118 light guns and the vessel and Argentine forces consisting of the 7th Infantry Regiment and other ad hoc additions. The engagement took place on 11–12 June 1982, a mixture of hand-to-hand bayonet charges and ranged engagments, resulting in the British victory and their occupation of a key position around the besieged Argentine garrison at Port Stanley.", "title": "Battle of Mount Longdon" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During World War II, Imperial Japan invaded most of the former western colonies. The Shōwa occupation regime committed violent actions against civilians such as the Manila massacre and the implementation of a system of forced labour, such as the one involving 4 to 10 million romusha in Indonesia. A later UN report stated that four million people died in Indonesia as a result of famine and forced labour during the Japanese occupation. The Allied powers who defeated Japan in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II then contended with nationalists to whom the occupation authorities had granted independence.", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Occupation of Gori was the military occupation of Gori and its surrounding areas by Russian military forces, which started on 13 August 2008 as part of the Russo-Georgian War, and ended with the withdrawal of Russian units from the city on 22 August 2008.", "title": "Occupation of Gori" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The nucleus was discovered in 1911, as a result of Ernest Rutherford's efforts to test Thomson's ``plum pudding model ''of the atom. The electron had already been discovered earlier by J.J. Thomson himself. Knowing that atoms are electrically neutral, Thomson postulated that there must be a positive charge as well. In his plum pudding model, Thomson suggested that an atom consisted of negative electrons randomly scattered within a sphere of positive charge. Ernest Rutherford later devised an experiment with his research partner Hans Geiger and with help of Ernest Marsden, that involved the deflection of alpha particles (helium nuclei) directed at a thin sheet of metal foil. He reasoned that if Thomson's model were correct, the positively charged alpha particles would easily pass through the foil with very little deviation in their paths, as the foil should act as electrically neutral if the negative and positive charges are so intimately mixed as to make it appear neutral. To his surprise, many of the particles were deflected at very large angles. Because the mass of an alpha particle is about 8000 times that of an electron, it became apparent that a very strong force must be present if it could deflect the massive and fast moving alpha particles. He realized that the plum pudding model could not be accurate and that the deflections of the alpha particles could only be explained if the positive and negative charges were separated from each other and that the mass of the atom was a concentrated point of positive charge. This justified the idea of a nuclear atom with a dense center of positive charge and mass.", "title": "Atomic nucleus" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The capital and seat of the provincial government is Haarlem, and the province's largest city is the Netherlands' capital Amsterdam. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Johan Remkes, serving since 2010. There are 51 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province.", "title": "North Holland" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sleep-and-charge USB ports can be used to charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off. Normally, when a computer is powered off the USB ports are powered down, preventing phones and other devices from charging. Sleep-and-charge USB ports remain powered even when the computer is off. On laptops, charging devices from the USB port when it is not being powered from AC drains the laptop battery faster; most laptops have a facility to stop charging if their own battery charge level gets too low.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After finding the quantized character of charge, in 1891 George Stoney proposed the unit 'electron' for this fundamental unit of electrical charge. This was before the discovery of the particle by J.J. Thomson in 1897. The unit is today treated as nameless, referred to as ``elementary charge '',`` fundamental unit of charge'', or simply as ``e ''. A measure of charge should be a multiple of the elementary charge e, even if at large scales charge seems to behave as a real quantity. In some contexts it is meaningful to speak of fractions of a charge; for example in the charging of a capacitor, or in the fractional quantum Hall effect.", "title": "Electric charge" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the English NHS charges are made for prescription drugs, and the majority of adults (though not a majority of patients) are required to pay them. Charges were abolished in NHS Wales in 2007, Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland in 2010 and by NHS Scotland in 2011. In 2010 / 11, in England, £450m was raised through prescription charges, some 0.5% of the total NHS budget.", "title": "Prescription charges" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The London congestion charge is a fee charged on most motor vehicles operating within the Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ) in Central London between 07: 00 and 18: 00 Mondays to Fridays. It is not charged on weekends, public holidays or between Christmas Day and New Year's Day (inclusive). The charge was introduced on 17 February 2003. As of 2017, the London charge zone remains as one of the largest congestion charge zones in the world, despite the cancellation of the Western Extension which operated between February 2007 and January 2011. The charge aims to reduce high traffic flow in the central area and raise investment funds for London's transport system.", "title": "London congestion charge" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Charge of the Light Brigade ''is an 1854 narrative poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson about the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. He wrote it on December 2, 1854, and it was published on December 9, 1854 in The Examiner. He was the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom at the time.", "title": "The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem)" } ]	Who was in charge of the area where Pavilion Welgelegen is located?	Johan Remkes	[]	Title: USB Passage: Sleep-and-charge USB ports can be used to charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off. Normally, when a computer is powered off the USB ports are powered down, preventing phones and other devices from charging. Sleep-and-charge USB ports remain powered even when the computer is off. On laptops, charging devices from the USB port when it is not being powered from AC drains the laptop battery faster; most laptops have a facility to stop charging if their own battery charge level gets too low. Title: Villa Welgelegen Passage: Villa Welgelegen is a historical building in Haarlem, the Netherlands, which currently houses the offices of the provincial executives of North Holland. Located at the north end of a public park in the city, it is an example of neoclassical architecture, unusual for its style in the Netherlands. Title: London congestion charge Passage: The London congestion charge is a fee charged on most motor vehicles operating within the Congestion Charge Zone (CCZ) in Central London between 07: 00 and 18: 00 Mondays to Fridays. It is not charged on weekends, public holidays or between Christmas Day and New Year's Day (inclusive). The charge was introduced on 17 February 2003. As of 2017, the London charge zone remains as one of the largest congestion charge zones in the world, despite the cancellation of the Western Extension which operated between February 2007 and January 2011. The charge aims to reduce high traffic flow in the central area and raise investment funds for London's transport system. Title: The Charge of the Light Brigade (poem) Passage: ``The Charge of the Light Brigade ''is an 1854 narrative poem by Alfred, Lord Tennyson about the Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War. He wrote it on December 2, 1854, and it was published on December 9, 1854 in The Examiner. He was the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom at the time. Title: Southeast Asia Passage: During World War II, Imperial Japan invaded most of the former western colonies. The Shōwa occupation regime committed violent actions against civilians such as the Manila massacre and the implementation of a system of forced labour, such as the one involving 4 to 10 million romusha in Indonesia. A later UN report stated that four million people died in Indonesia as a result of famine and forced labour during the Japanese occupation. The Allied powers who defeated Japan in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II then contended with nationalists to whom the occupation authorities had granted independence. Title: Electric charge Passage: After finding the quantized character of charge, in 1891 George Stoney proposed the unit 'electron' for this fundamental unit of electrical charge. This was before the discovery of the particle by J.J. Thomson in 1897. The unit is today treated as nameless, referred to as ``elementary charge '',`` fundamental unit of charge'', or simply as ``e ''. A measure of charge should be a multiple of the elementary charge e, even if at large scales charge seems to behave as a real quantity. In some contexts it is meaningful to speak of fractions of a charge; for example in the charging of a capacitor, or in the fractional quantum Hall effect. Title: Calderón Passage: Calderón (pronounced (kaldeˈɾon)) is a Spanish occupational surname. It is derived from the Vulgar Latin ``caldaria ''(`` cauldron'') and refers to the occupation of tinker. Title: Bund Bull Passage: The Shanghai Bull, the Bund Financial Bull or the Bund Bull are monikers associated with a derivative of Arturo Di Modica's "Charging Bull" installed in late April 2010 and unveiled on The Bund in Shanghai on May 15, 2010. The work of art is said to have the same height, length and weight as the New York City "Charging Bull". The bull is reddish as a tribute to the country that commissioned the work. It leans to right instead of the left like "Charging Bull" and has a more menacing tail. The Bull's popularity has been a problem for local authorities. Title: Occupation of the Ruhr Passage: The Occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was a period of military occupation of the German Ruhr valley by France and Belgium between 1923 and 1925 in response to the Weimar Republic's failure to continue its reparation payments in the aftermath of World War I. Title: North Holland Passage: The capital and seat of the provincial government is Haarlem, and the province's largest city is the Netherlands' capital Amsterdam. The King's Commissioner of North Holland is Johan Remkes, serving since 2010. There are 51 municipalities and three (including parts of) water boards in the province. Title: Electric field Passage: An electric field is a field that surrounds electric charges. It represents charges attracting or repelling other electric charges by exerting force. Mathematically the electric field is a vector field that associates to each point in space the force, called the Coulomb force, that would be experienced per unit of charge, by an infinitesimal test charge at that point. The units of the electric field in the SI system are newtons per coulomb (N / C), or volts per meter (V / m). Electric fields are created by electric charges, and by time - varying magnetic fields. Electric fields are important in many areas of physics, and are exploited practically in electrical technology. On an atomic scale, the electric field is responsible for the attractive force between the atomic nucleus and electrons that holds atoms together, and the forces between atoms that cause chemical bonding. The electric field and the magnetic field together form the electromagnetic force, one of the four fundamental forces of nature. Title: Occupation of the Baltic states Passage: The occupation of the Baltic states was the military occupation of the three Baltic states -- Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania -- by the Soviet Union under the auspices of the Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact on 14 June 1940 followed by their incorporation into the USSR as constituent republics, unrecognised by most Western powers. On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany attacked the USSR and within weeks occupied the Baltic territories. In July 1941, the Baltic territory was incorporated into the Reichskommissariat Ostland of the Third Reich. As a result of the Baltic Offensive of 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured most of the Baltic states and trapped the remaining German forces in the Courland pocket until their formal surrender in May 1945. The Soviet ``annexation occupation ''(Annexionsbesetzung or occupation sui generis) of the Baltic states lasted until August 1991, when the Baltic states regained independence. Title: Atomic nucleus Passage: The nucleus was discovered in 1911, as a result of Ernest Rutherford's efforts to test Thomson's ``plum pudding model ''of the atom. The electron had already been discovered earlier by J.J. Thomson himself. Knowing that atoms are electrically neutral, Thomson postulated that there must be a positive charge as well. In his plum pudding model, Thomson suggested that an atom consisted of negative electrons randomly scattered within a sphere of positive charge. Ernest Rutherford later devised an experiment with his research partner Hans Geiger and with help of Ernest Marsden, that involved the deflection of alpha particles (helium nuclei) directed at a thin sheet of metal foil. He reasoned that if Thomson's model were correct, the positively charged alpha particles would easily pass through the foil with very little deviation in their paths, as the foil should act as electrically neutral if the negative and positive charges are so intimately mixed as to make it appear neutral. To his surprise, many of the particles were deflected at very large angles. Because the mass of an alpha particle is about 8000 times that of an electron, it became apparent that a very strong force must be present if it could deflect the massive and fast moving alpha particles. He realized that the plum pudding model could not be accurate and that the deflections of the alpha particles could only be explained if the positive and negative charges were separated from each other and that the mass of the atom was a concentrated point of positive charge. This justified the idea of a nuclear atom with a dense center of positive charge and mass. Title: Battle of Mount Longdon Passage: The Battle of Mount Longdon was an engagement of the Falklands War between the British Third Battalion, of the Parachute Regiment supported by six L118 light guns and the vessel and Argentine forces consisting of the 7th Infantry Regiment and other ad hoc additions. The engagement took place on 11–12 June 1982, a mixture of hand-to-hand bayonet charges and ranged engagments, resulting in the British victory and their occupation of a key position around the besieged Argentine garrison at Port Stanley. Title: Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States) Passage: The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 is a US labor law governing the federal law of occupational health and safety in the private sector and federal government in the United States. It was enacted by Congress in 1970 and was signed by President Richard Nixon on December 29, 1970. Its main goal is to ensure that employers provide employees with an environment free from recognized hazards, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions. The Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Title: Bremen Passage: In 1946 Bremen's mayor Wilhelm Kaisen (SPD) travelled to the U.S. to re-establish Bremen's statehood, as Bremen had traditionally been a city-state, in order to prevent its incorporation into the state of Lower Saxony in the British zone of occupation. In 1947 the city became an enclave, part of the American occupation zone surrounded by the British zone. Title: Occupation of Gori Passage: The Occupation of Gori was the military occupation of Gori and its surrounding areas by Russian military forces, which started on 13 August 2008 as part of the Russo-Georgian War, and ended with the withdrawal of Russian units from the city on 22 August 2008. Title: Prescription charges Passage: In the English NHS charges are made for prescription drugs, and the majority of adults (though not a majority of patients) are required to pay them. Charges were abolished in NHS Wales in 2007, Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland in 2010 and by NHS Scotland in 2011. In 2010 / 11, in England, £450m was raised through prescription charges, some 0.5% of the total NHS budget. Title: Capacitor Passage: The current I(t) through any component in an electric circuit is defined as the rate of flow of a charge Q(t) passing through it, but actual charges—electrons—cannot pass through the dielectric layer of a capacitor. Rather, one electron accumulates on the negative plate for each one that leaves the positive plate, resulting in an electron depletion and consequent positive charge on one electrode that is equal and opposite to the accumulated negative charge on the other. Thus the charge on the electrodes is equal to the integral of the current as well as proportional to the voltage, as discussed above. As with any antiderivative, a constant of integration is added to represent the initial voltage V(t0). This is the integral form of the capacitor equation: Title: Force Passage: Through combining the definition of electric current as the time rate of change of electric charge, a rule of vector multiplication called Lorentz's Law describes the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field. The connection between electricity and magnetism allows for the description of a unified electromagnetic force that acts on a charge. This force can be written as a sum of the electrostatic force (due to the electric field) and the magnetic force (due to the magnetic field). Fully stated, this is the law:	[ "Villa Welgelegen", "North Holland" ]
2hop__195917_575657	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.", "title": "Port Blair" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Battle of Bunker Hill Part of the American Revolutionary War Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill by John Trumbull Date June 17, 1775 Location Charlestown, Massachusetts 42 ° 22 ′ 34.9 ''N 71 ° 3 ′ 38.8'' W / 42.376361 ° N 71.060778 ° W / 42.376361; - 71.060778 Coordinates: 42 ° 22 ′ 34.9 ''N 71 ° 3 ′ 38.8'' W / 42.376361 ° N 71.060778 ° W / 42.376361; - 71.060778 Result Pyrrhic British victory Territorial changes British capture Charlestown Peninsula Belligerents United Colonies Connecticut Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Great Britain Commanders and leaders William Prescott Israel Putnam Joseph Warren † John Stark William Howe Thomas Gage Sir Robert Pigot James Abercrombie † Henry Clinton Samuel Graves John Pitcairn † Strength ~ 2,400 3,000 + Casualties and losses 115 killed, 305 wounded, 30 captured (20 POWs died) Total: 450 19 officers killed 62 officers wounded 207 soldiers killed 766 soldiers wounded Total: 1,054", "title": "Battle of Bunker Hill" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack.", "title": "Sant Martí d'Empúries" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blair Athol is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Blair Athol is located 57 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region.", "title": "Blair Athol, New South Wales" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first location, at 1855 W. Madison St., was opened in 1934 when William ``Billy Goat ''Sianis bought the Lincoln Tavern, near Chicago Stadium, for $205 with a bounced check (he made good on it with the proceeds from the first weekend they were open). When the 1944 Republican National Convention came to town, he posted a sign saying`` No Republicans allowed,'' causing the place to be packed with Republicans demanding to be served. Of course, a great deal of publicity followed, which Sianis characteristically took advantage of.", "title": "Billy Goat Tavern" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption", "title": "British nationality law" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After \"il Duce\" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa (\"Africa Orientale Italiana\") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a \"new Roman Empire\".", "title": "Italian Eritrea" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "title": "Birth certificate" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Blair Smith Todd (April 4, 1814 – January 5, 1872) was a Delegate from Dakota Territory to the United States House of Representatives and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.", "title": "John Blair Smith Todd" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Utqiaġvik, Alaska 71 ° 17 ′ 44 ''N 156 ° 45 ′ 59'' W / 71.29556 ° N 156.76639 ° W / 71.29556; - 156.76639 (Barrow) -- northernmost incorporated place in all U.S. territory, population about 4,000", "title": "List of extreme points of the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Blair was born in Holley, New York. In 1839, his family moved to LaSalle County, Illinois. In 1851, Blair encountered missionaries from the Latter Day Saint movement. On October 8, 1851, Blair was baptized by William Smith, the younger brother of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement.", "title": "William W. Blair" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 25 November 2002, the Homeland Security Act was signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush, designating the Coast Guard to be placed under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The transfer of administrative control from the U.S. Department of Transportation to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security was completed the following year, on 1 March 2003.", "title": "United States Coast Guard" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Holley is a village in the town of Murray in Orleans County, New York, United States. The population was 1,811 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Rochester Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Holley, New York" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scariest Places on Earth is an American paranormal reality television series that originally aired from October 23, 2000, to October 29, 2006, on Fox Family, and later ABC Family. The show was hosted by Linda Blair, with narration by Zelda Rubinstein. The show featured reported cases of the paranormal by detailing the location's history, and then sending an ordinary family to visit the location in a reality TV-style vigil.", "title": "Scariest Places on Earth" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The James W. Clise House is a house located within Marymoor Park in Redmond, Washington, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "James W. Clise House" } ]	In what county is William W. Blair's birthplace located?	Orleans County	[ "Orleans County, New York" ]	Title: Port Blair Passage: Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Italian Eritrea Passage: Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy in 1922 brought profound changes to the colonial government in Eritrea. After "il Duce" declared the birth of Italian Empire in May 1936, Italian Eritrea (enlarged with northern Ethiopia's regions) and Italian Somaliland were merged with the just conquered Ethiopia in the new Italian East Africa ("Africa Orientale Italiana") administrative territory. This Fascist period was characterized by imperial expansion in the name of a "new Roman Empire". Title: List of extreme points of the United States Passage: Utqiaġvik, Alaska 71 ° 17 ′ 44 ''N 156 ° 45 ′ 59'' W / 71.29556 ° N 156.76639 ° W / 71.29556; - 156.76639 (Barrow) -- northernmost incorporated place in all U.S. territory, population about 4,000 Title: James W. Clise House Passage: The James W. Clise House is a house located within Marymoor Park in Redmond, Washington, United States, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Title: Billy Goat Tavern Passage: The first location, at 1855 W. Madison St., was opened in 1934 when William ``Billy Goat ''Sianis bought the Lincoln Tavern, near Chicago Stadium, for $205 with a bounced check (he made good on it with the proceeds from the first weekend they were open). When the 1944 Republican National Convention came to town, he posted a sign saying`` No Republicans allowed,'' causing the place to be packed with Republicans demanding to be served. Of course, a great deal of publicity followed, which Sianis characteristically took advantage of. Title: Holley, New York Passage: Holley is a village in the town of Murray in Orleans County, New York, United States. The population was 1,811 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Rochester Metropolitan Statistical Area. Title: United States Coast Guard Passage: On 25 November 2002, the Homeland Security Act was signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush, designating the Coast Guard to be placed under the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The transfer of administrative control from the U.S. Department of Transportation to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security was completed the following year, on 1 March 2003. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Battle of Bunker Hill Passage: Battle of Bunker Hill Part of the American Revolutionary War Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill by John Trumbull Date June 17, 1775 Location Charlestown, Massachusetts 42 ° 22 ′ 34.9 ''N 71 ° 3 ′ 38.8'' W / 42.376361 ° N 71.060778 ° W / 42.376361; - 71.060778 Coordinates: 42 ° 22 ′ 34.9 ''N 71 ° 3 ′ 38.8'' W / 42.376361 ° N 71.060778 ° W / 42.376361; - 71.060778 Result Pyrrhic British victory Territorial changes British capture Charlestown Peninsula Belligerents United Colonies Connecticut Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Great Britain Commanders and leaders William Prescott Israel Putnam Joseph Warren † John Stark William Howe Thomas Gage Sir Robert Pigot James Abercrombie † Henry Clinton Samuel Graves John Pitcairn † Strength ~ 2,400 3,000 + Casualties and losses 115 killed, 305 wounded, 30 captured (20 POWs died) Total: 450 19 officers killed 62 officers wounded 207 soldiers killed 766 soldiers wounded Total: 1,054 Title: Sant Martí d'Empúries Passage: Sant Martí d'Empúries is an entity of the town of L'Escala. It is located next to the ruins of Empúries or Empòrion. Ancient Greeks established the settlement in the 6th century BC. It was the county seat until 1079 Empúries moved to Castelló d'Empúries place less exposed to attack. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Scariest Places on Earth Passage: Scariest Places on Earth is an American paranormal reality television series that originally aired from October 23, 2000, to October 29, 2006, on Fox Family, and later ABC Family. The show was hosted by Linda Blair, with narration by Zelda Rubinstein. The show featured reported cases of the paranormal by detailing the location's history, and then sending an ordinary family to visit the location in a reality TV-style vigil. Title: John Blair Smith Todd Passage: John Blair Smith Todd (April 4, 1814 – January 5, 1872) was a Delegate from Dakota Territory to the United States House of Representatives and a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. Title: British nationality law Passage: lex soli: By birth in the UK or a qualified British Overseas Territory to a parent who is a British citizen at the time of the birth, or to a parent who is settled in the UK or that Overseas Territory lex sanguinis: By birth abroad, which constitutes ``by descent ''if one of the parents is a British citizen otherwise than by descent (for example by birth, adoption, registration or naturalisation in the UK). British citizenship by descent is only transferable to one generation down from the parent who is a British citizen otherwise than by descent, if the child is born abroad. By naturalisation By registration By adoption Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Blair Athol, New South Wales Passage: Blair Athol is a suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Blair Athol is located 57 kilometres south-west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Campbelltown and is part of the Macarthur region. Title: William W. Blair Passage: Blair was born in Holley, New York. In 1839, his family moved to LaSalle County, Illinois. In 1851, Blair encountered missionaries from the Latter Day Saint movement. On October 8, 1851, Blair was baptized by William Smith, the younger brother of Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement. Title: Birth certificate Passage: In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.	[ "William W. Blair", "Holley, New York" ]
2hop__8496_21567	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Icehouse Bottom is a prehistoric Native American site in Monroe County, Tennessee, located on the Little Tennessee River in the southeastern United States. Native Americans were using the site as a semi-permanent hunting camp as early as 7500 BC, making it one of the oldest-known habitation areas in what is now the state of Tennessee. Analysis of the site's Woodland period (1000 BC - 1000 AD) artifacts shows evidence of an extensive trade network that reached to indigenous peoples in Georgia, North Carolina, and Ohio. This was later an area of known Cherokee settlements, the historic people encountered by Anglo-European settlers in the 18th and 19th centuries.", "title": "Icehouse Bottom" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buckingham and the surrounding area has been settled for some time with evidence of Roman settlement found in several sites close the River Great Ouse, including a temple south of the A421 at Bourton Grounds which was excavated in the 1960s and dated to the 3rd century AD. A possible Roman building was identified at Castle Fields in the 19th century. Pottery, kiln furniture and areas of burning found at Buckingham industrial estate suggest the site of some early Roman pottery kilns here.", "title": "Buckingham" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The main village of the comune, Fabbriche, was founded by ironworkers from Bergamo in the 14th century. The lesser villages of Vallico di Sopra and Vallico di Sotto are centuries older with surviving records going back to the eighth century. Originally called Vallivo or Vallibo, Vallico di Sopra (Upper Vallico) was the primary settlement but Vallico di Sotto (Lower Vallico) appeared in the 11th century.", "title": "Fabbriche di Vallico" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The use of paper for hygiene has been recorded in China in the 6th century AD, with specifically manufactured toilet paper being mass - produced in the 14th century. Modern commercial toilet paper originated in the 19th century, with a patent for roll - based dispensers being made in 1883.", "title": "Toilet paper" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata (476-550), in his Aryabhatiya (499) introduced a number of trigonometric functions (including sine, versine, cosine and inverse sine), trigonometric tables, and techniques and algorithms of algebra. In 628 AD, Brahmagupta suggested that gravity was a force of attraction. He also lucidly explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system now used universally throughout the world. Arabic translations of the two astronomers' texts were soon available in the Islamic world, introducing what would become Arabic numerals to the Islamic World by the 9th century. During the 14th–16th centuries, the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics made significant advances in astronomy and especially mathematics, including fields such as trigonometry and analysis. In particular, Madhava of Sangamagrama is considered the \"founder of mathematical analysis\".", "title": "History of science" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The earliest mentions of Slavic raids across the lower River Danube may be dated to the first half of the 6th century, yet no archaeological evidence of a Slavic settlement in the Balkans could be securely dated before c. 600 AD.", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From the 4th century, the Empire's Balkan territories, including Greece, suffered from the dislocation of the Barbarian Invasions. The raids and devastation of the Goths and Huns in the 4th and 5th centuries and the Slavic invasion of Greece in the 7th century resulted in a dramatic collapse in imperial authority in the Greek peninsula. Following the Slavic invasion, the imperial government retained formal control of only the islands and coastal areas, particularly the densely populated walled cities such as Athens, Corinth and Thessalonica, while some mountainous areas in the interior held out on their own and continued to recognize imperial authority. Outside of these areas, a limited amount of Slavic settlement is generally thought to have occurred, although on a much smaller scale than previously thought.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development of individual tones and scales was made by ancient Greeks such as Aristoxenus and Pythagoras. Pythagoras created a tuning system and helped to codify musical notation. Ancient Greek instruments such as the aulos (a reed instrument) and the lyre (a stringed instrument similar to a small harp) eventually led to the modern-day instruments of a classical orchestra. The antecedent to the early period was the era of ancient music before the fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD). Very little music survives from this time, most of it from ancient Greece.", "title": "Classical music" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The waterwheel appeared in Chinese records during the Han. As mentioned by Huan Tan in about 20 AD, they were used to turn gears that lifted iron trip hammers, and were used in pounding, threshing and polishing grain. However, there is no sufficient evidence for the watermill in China until about the 5th century. The Nanyang Commandery Administrator Du Shi (d. 38 AD) created a waterwheel-powered reciprocator that worked the bellows for the smelting of iron. Waterwheels were also used to power chain pumps that lifted water to raised irrigation ditches. The chain pump was first mentioned in China by the philosopher Wang Chong in his 1st-century-AD Balanced Discourse.", "title": "Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided by nearby clans and dukes, a new similar settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village called Warszowa. The Prince of Płock, Bolesław II of Masovia, established this settlement, the modern-day Warsaw, in about 1300. In the beginning of the 14th century it became one of the seats of the Dukes of Masovia, becoming the official capital of Masovian Duchy in 1413. 14th-century Warsaw's economy rested on mostly crafts and trade. Upon the extinction of the local ducal line, the duchy was reincorporated into the Polish Crown in 1526.", "title": "Warsaw" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of musical notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a musical score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music.", "title": "Classical music" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between the 1st and 3rd centuries, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight - day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven - day week. Our earliest evidence for this new system is a Pompeiian graffito referring to the 6th February (viii idus Februarius) of the year AD 60 as dies solis (``Sunday ''). Another early witness is a reference to a lost treatise by Plutarch, written in about AD 100, which addressed the question of Why are the days named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the actual order?.", "title": "Names of the days of the week" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although there is evidence of scattered Brythonic settlements in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans after the invasion of 43 AD. This lasted only until around 61, when the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed it, burning it to the ground. The next, heavily planned, incarnation of Londinium prospered, and it superseded Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in 100. At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of around 60,000.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the continent of Europe, Anno Domini was introduced as the era of choice of the Carolingian Renaissance by the English cleric and scholar Alcuin in the late eighth century. Its endorsement by Emperor Charlemagne and his successors popularizing the use of the epoch and spreading it throughout the Carolingian Empire ultimately lies at the core of the system's prevalence. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, popes continued to date documents according to regnal years for some time, but usage of AD gradually became more common in Roman Catholic countries from the 11th to the 14th centuries. In 1422, Portugal became the last Western European country to switch to the system begun by Dionysius. Eastern Orthodox countries only began to adopt AD instead of the Byzantine calendar in 1700 when Russia did so, with others adopting it in the 19th and 20th centuries.", "title": "Anno Domini" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2008, biochemist Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk (Russian: Борис Аркадьевич Малярчук) et al. of the Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia, used a sample (n=279) of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of \"Mongoloid\" \"mtDNA lineages\". Malyarchuk found Czech mtDNA lineages were typical of \"Slavic populations\" with \"1.8%\" Mongoloid mtDNA lineage. Malyarchuk added that \"Slavic populations\" \"almost always\" contain Mongoloid mtDNA lineage. Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of \"Balto-Slavics\" in 2,000–3,000 BC with additional Mongoloid mixture occurring among Slavics in the last 4,000 years. Malyarchuk said the \"Russian population\" was developed by the \"assimilation of the indigenous pre-Slavic population of Eastern Europe by true Slavs\" with additional \"assimilation of Finno-Ugric populations\" and \"long-lasting\" interactions with the populations of \"Siberia\" and \"Central Asia\". Malyarchuk said that other Slavs \"Mongoloid component\" was increased during the waves of migration from \"steppe populations (Huns, Avars, Bulgars and Mongols)\", especially the decay of the \"Avar Khaganate\".", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roman numeral M represents the number 1000, though it was not used in Roman times. There is, however, scant evidence that the letter was later introduced in the early centuries by the Romans.", "title": "M" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The key characteristic of classical music that distinguishes it from popular music and folk music is that the repertoire tends to be written down in musical notation, creating a musical part or score. This score typically determines details of rhythm, pitch, and, where two or more musicians (whether singers or instrumentalists) are involved, how the various parts are coordinated. The written quality of the music has enabled a high level of complexity within them: J.S. Bach's fugues, for instance, achieve a remarkable marriage of boldly distinctive melodic lines weaving in counterpoint yet creating a coherent harmonic logic that would be impossible in the heat of live improvisation. The use of written notation also preserves a record of the works and enables Classical musicians to perform music from many centuries ago. Musical notation enables 2000s-era performers to sing a choral work from the 1300s Renaissance era or a 1700s Baroque concerto with many of the features of the music (the melodies, lyrics, forms, and rhythms) being reproduced.", "title": "Classical music" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Using his own system, Hampartsoum Limondjian transcribed most of 18th century Turkish music compositions in a collection of six books, which he presented to Selim III. Only two of the originals survive to date and are preserved at the Istanbul Municipal Conservatory Library. As the dominant notation for Turkish and Armenian music, the Hamparsum notation was instrumental in the transcription and survival of thousands of pieces of music, and was surpassed only in modern times in its use for Turkish classical music. The notation system is still in use by the Armenian Apostolic Church.", "title": "Hampartsoum Limondjian" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word \"Czech\" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send missionaries in an attempt to reduce the influence of East Francia on religious and political life in his country. These missionaries, Constantine and Methodius, helped to convert the Czechs from traditional Slavic paganism to Christianity and established a church system. They also brought the Glagolitic alphabet to the West Slavs, whose language was previously unwritten. This language, later known as Proto-Czech, was beginning to separate from its fellow West Slavic hatchlings Proto-Slovak, Proto-Polish and Proto-Sorbian. Among other features, Proto-Czech was marked by its ephemeral use of the voiced velar fricative consonant (/ɣ/) and consistent stress on the first syllable.", "title": "Czech language" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" } ]	Who introduced a system of musical notation used during the 14th century in the place where there is no evidence of a Slavic settlement before c. 600 AD?	John Kukuzelis	[]	Title: Anno Domini Passage: On the continent of Europe, Anno Domini was introduced as the era of choice of the Carolingian Renaissance by the English cleric and scholar Alcuin in the late eighth century. Its endorsement by Emperor Charlemagne and his successors popularizing the use of the epoch and spreading it throughout the Carolingian Empire ultimately lies at the core of the system's prevalence. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, popes continued to date documents according to regnal years for some time, but usage of AD gradually became more common in Roman Catholic countries from the 11th to the 14th centuries. In 1422, Portugal became the last Western European country to switch to the system begun by Dionysius. Eastern Orthodox countries only began to adopt AD instead of the Byzantine calendar in 1700 when Russia did so, with others adopting it in the 19th and 20th centuries. Title: Fabbriche di Vallico Passage: The main village of the comune, Fabbriche, was founded by ironworkers from Bergamo in the 14th century. The lesser villages of Vallico di Sopra and Vallico di Sotto are centuries older with surviving records going back to the eighth century. Originally called Vallivo or Vallibo, Vallico di Sopra (Upper Vallico) was the primary settlement but Vallico di Sotto (Lower Vallico) appeared in the 11th century. Title: London Passage: Although there is evidence of scattered Brythonic settlements in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans after the invasion of 43 AD. This lasted only until around 61, when the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed it, burning it to the ground. The next, heavily planned, incarnation of Londinium prospered, and it superseded Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in 100. At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of around 60,000. Title: Greece Passage: From the 4th century, the Empire's Balkan territories, including Greece, suffered from the dislocation of the Barbarian Invasions. The raids and devastation of the Goths and Huns in the 4th and 5th centuries and the Slavic invasion of Greece in the 7th century resulted in a dramatic collapse in imperial authority in the Greek peninsula. Following the Slavic invasion, the imperial government retained formal control of only the islands and coastal areas, particularly the densely populated walled cities such as Athens, Corinth and Thessalonica, while some mountainous areas in the interior held out on their own and continued to recognize imperial authority. Outside of these areas, a limited amount of Slavic settlement is generally thought to have occurred, although on a much smaller scale than previously thought. Title: Czech language Passage: Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word "Czech" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send missionaries in an attempt to reduce the influence of East Francia on religious and political life in his country. These missionaries, Constantine and Methodius, helped to convert the Czechs from traditional Slavic paganism to Christianity and established a church system. They also brought the Glagolitic alphabet to the West Slavs, whose language was previously unwritten. This language, later known as Proto-Czech, was beginning to separate from its fellow West Slavic hatchlings Proto-Slovak, Proto-Polish and Proto-Sorbian. Among other features, Proto-Czech was marked by its ephemeral use of the voiced velar fricative consonant (/ɣ/) and consistent stress on the first syllable. Title: Buckingham Passage: Buckingham and the surrounding area has been settled for some time with evidence of Roman settlement found in several sites close the River Great Ouse, including a temple south of the A421 at Bourton Grounds which was excavated in the 1960s and dated to the 3rd century AD. A possible Roman building was identified at Castle Fields in the 19th century. Pottery, kiln furniture and areas of burning found at Buckingham industrial estate suggest the site of some early Roman pottery kilns here. Title: M Passage: The Roman numeral M represents the number 1000, though it was not used in Roman times. There is, however, scant evidence that the letter was later introduced in the early centuries by the Romans. Title: Icehouse Bottom Passage: Icehouse Bottom is a prehistoric Native American site in Monroe County, Tennessee, located on the Little Tennessee River in the southeastern United States. Native Americans were using the site as a semi-permanent hunting camp as early as 7500 BC, making it one of the oldest-known habitation areas in what is now the state of Tennessee. Analysis of the site's Woodland period (1000 BC - 1000 AD) artifacts shows evidence of an extensive trade network that reached to indigenous peoples in Georgia, North Carolina, and Ohio. This was later an area of known Cherokee settlements, the historic people encountered by Anglo-European settlers in the 18th and 19th centuries. Title: History of science Passage: Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata (476-550), in his Aryabhatiya (499) introduced a number of trigonometric functions (including sine, versine, cosine and inverse sine), trigonometric tables, and techniques and algorithms of algebra. In 628 AD, Brahmagupta suggested that gravity was a force of attraction. He also lucidly explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system now used universally throughout the world. Arabic translations of the two astronomers' texts were soon available in the Islamic world, introducing what would become Arabic numerals to the Islamic World by the 9th century. During the 14th–16th centuries, the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics made significant advances in astronomy and especially mathematics, including fields such as trigonometry and analysis. In particular, Madhava of Sangamagrama is considered the "founder of mathematical analysis". Title: Classical music Passage: It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of musical notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a musical score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music. Title: Warsaw Passage: The first fortified settlements on the site of today's Warsaw were located in Bródno (9th/10th century) and Jazdów (12th/13th century). After Jazdów was raided by nearby clans and dukes, a new similar settlement was established on the site of a small fishing village called Warszowa. The Prince of Płock, Bolesław II of Masovia, established this settlement, the modern-day Warsaw, in about 1300. In the beginning of the 14th century it became one of the seats of the Dukes of Masovia, becoming the official capital of Masovian Duchy in 1413. 14th-century Warsaw's economy rested on mostly crafts and trade. Upon the extinction of the local ducal line, the duchy was reincorporated into the Polish Crown in 1526. Title: Classical music Passage: Burgh (2006), suggests that the roots of Western classical music ultimately lie in ancient Egyptian art music via cheironomy and the ancient Egyptian orchestra, which dates to 2695 BC. This was followed by early Christian liturgical music, which itself dates back to the Ancient Greeks[citation needed]. The development of individual tones and scales was made by ancient Greeks such as Aristoxenus and Pythagoras. Pythagoras created a tuning system and helped to codify musical notation. Ancient Greek instruments such as the aulos (a reed instrument) and the lyre (a stringed instrument similar to a small harp) eventually led to the modern-day instruments of a classical orchestra. The antecedent to the early period was the era of ancient music before the fall of the Roman Empire (476 AD). Very little music survives from this time, most of it from ancient Greece. Title: Hampartsoum Limondjian Passage: Using his own system, Hampartsoum Limondjian transcribed most of 18th century Turkish music compositions in a collection of six books, which he presented to Selim III. Only two of the originals survive to date and are preserved at the Istanbul Municipal Conservatory Library. As the dominant notation for Turkish and Armenian music, the Hamparsum notation was instrumental in the transcription and survival of thousands of pieces of music, and was surpassed only in modern times in its use for Turkish classical music. The notation system is still in use by the Armenian Apostolic Church. Title: Late Middle Ages Passage: The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries. Title: Toilet paper Passage: The use of paper for hygiene has been recorded in China in the 6th century AD, with specifically manufactured toilet paper being mass - produced in the 14th century. Modern commercial toilet paper originated in the 19th century, with a patent for roll - based dispensers being made in 1883. Title: Slavs Passage: In 2008, biochemist Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk (Russian: Борис Аркадьевич Малярчук) et al. of the Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia, used a sample (n=279) of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Mongoloid" "mtDNA lineages". Malyarchuk found Czech mtDNA lineages were typical of "Slavic populations" with "1.8%" Mongoloid mtDNA lineage. Malyarchuk added that "Slavic populations" "almost always" contain Mongoloid mtDNA lineage. Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of "Balto-Slavics" in 2,000–3,000 BC with additional Mongoloid mixture occurring among Slavics in the last 4,000 years. Malyarchuk said the "Russian population" was developed by the "assimilation of the indigenous pre-Slavic population of Eastern Europe by true Slavs" with additional "assimilation of Finno-Ugric populations" and "long-lasting" interactions with the populations of "Siberia" and "Central Asia". Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from "steppe populations (Huns, Avars, Bulgars and Mongols)", especially the decay of the "Avar Khaganate". Title: Slavs Passage: The earliest mentions of Slavic raids across the lower River Danube may be dated to the first half of the 6th century, yet no archaeological evidence of a Slavic settlement in the Balkans could be securely dated before c. 600 AD. Title: Classical music Passage: The key characteristic of classical music that distinguishes it from popular music and folk music is that the repertoire tends to be written down in musical notation, creating a musical part or score. This score typically determines details of rhythm, pitch, and, where two or more musicians (whether singers or instrumentalists) are involved, how the various parts are coordinated. The written quality of the music has enabled a high level of complexity within them: J.S. Bach's fugues, for instance, achieve a remarkable marriage of boldly distinctive melodic lines weaving in counterpoint yet creating a coherent harmonic logic that would be impossible in the heat of live improvisation. The use of written notation also preserves a record of the works and enables Classical musicians to perform music from many centuries ago. Musical notation enables 2000s-era performers to sing a choral work from the 1300s Renaissance era or a 1700s Baroque concerto with many of the features of the music (the melodies, lyrics, forms, and rhythms) being reproduced. Title: Names of the days of the week Passage: Between the 1st and 3rd centuries, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight - day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven - day week. Our earliest evidence for this new system is a Pompeiian graffito referring to the 6th February (viii idus Februarius) of the year AD 60 as dies solis (``Sunday ''). Another early witness is a reference to a lost treatise by Plutarch, written in about AD 100, which addressed the question of Why are the days named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the actual order?. Title: Han dynasty Passage: The waterwheel appeared in Chinese records during the Han. As mentioned by Huan Tan in about 20 AD, they were used to turn gears that lifted iron trip hammers, and were used in pounding, threshing and polishing grain. However, there is no sufficient evidence for the watermill in China until about the 5th century. The Nanyang Commandery Administrator Du Shi (d. 38 AD) created a waterwheel-powered reciprocator that worked the bellows for the smelting of iron. Waterwheels were also used to power chain pumps that lifted water to raised irrigation ditches. The chain pump was first mentioned in China by the philosopher Wang Chong in his 1st-century-AD Balanced Discourse.	[ "Slavs", "Late Middle Ages" ]
2hop__58168_38663	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000.", "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Market strategist Phil Dow believes distinctions exist \"between the current market malaise\" and the Great Depression. He says the Dow Jones average's fall of more than 50% over a period of 17 months is similar to a 54.7% fall in the Great Depression, followed by a total drop of 89% over the following 16 months. \"It's very troubling if you have a mirror image,\" said Dow. Floyd Norris, the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times, wrote in a blog entry in March 2009 that the decline has not been a mirror image of the Great Depression, explaining that although the decline amounts were nearly the same at the time, the rates of decline had started much faster in 2007, and that the past year had only ranked eighth among the worst recorded years of percentage drops in the Dow. The past two years ranked third, however.", "title": "Tanzania" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In its 2011 report, conducted in partnership with IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs, the BSA stated: \"Over half of the world's personal computer users – 57 percent – admit to pirating software.\" The ninth annual \"BSA Global Software Piracy Study\" claims that the \"commercial value of this shadow market of pirated software\" was worth US$63.4 billion in 2011, with the highest commercial value of pirated PC software existent in the U.S. during that time period (US$9,773,000). According to the 2011 study, Zimbabwe was the nation with the highest piracy rate, at 92%, while the lowest piracy rate was present in the U.S., at 19%.", "title": "Copyright infringement" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Child labour accounts for 22% of the workforce in Asia, 32% in Africa, 17% in Latin America, 1% in the US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations. The proportion of child labourers varies greatly among countries and even regions inside those countries. Africa has the highest percentage of children aged 5–17 employed as child labour, and a total of over 65 million. Asia, with its larger population, has the largest number of children employed as child labour at about 114 million. Latin America and Caribbean region have lower overall population density, but at 14 million child labourers has high incidence rates too.", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3; one out of eighteen pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 50% of women in Guinea Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation. In 2010, Guinea Bissau had the 7th highest maternal mortality rate in the world.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philadelphia's an annualized unemployment rate was 7.8% in 2014, down from 10.0%the previous year. This is higher than the national average of 6.2%. Similarly, the rate of new jobs added to the city's economy lagged behind the national job growth. In 2014, about 8,800 jobs were added to the city's economy. Sectors with the largest number of jobs added were in education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and professional and business services. Declines were seen in the city's manufacturing and government sectors.", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its \"Five for the Future\" list as a \"Future Best City\" for biking, and Boston's bicycle commuting percentage increased from 1% in 2000 to 2.1% in 2009. The bikeshare program called Hubway launched in late July 2011, logging more than 140,000 rides before the close of its first season. The neighboring municipalities of Cambridge, Somerville, and Brookline joined the Hubway program in summer 2012.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year-ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.1% by October 2009, the highest rate since 1983 and roughly twice the pre-crisis rate. The average hours per work week declined to 33, the lowest level since the government began collecting the data in 1964. With the decline of gross domestic product came the decline in innovation. With fewer resources to risk in creative destruction, the number of patent applications flat-lined. Compared to the previous 5 years of exponential increases in patent application, this stagnation correlates to the similar drop in GDP during the same time period.", "title": "Tanzania" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three months later, on August 1, 2007, News Corporation and Dow Jones entered into a definitive merger agreement. The US $5 billion sale added The Wall Street Journal to Rupert Murdoch's news empire, which already included Fox News Channel, financial network unit and London's The Times, and locally within New York, the New York Post, along with Fox flagship station WNYW (Channel 5) and MyNetworkTV flagship WWOR (Channel 9).", "title": "The Wall Street Journal" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During the 1940s, the U.S Department of Labor, specifically the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), began collecting employment information via monthly household surveys. Other data series are available back to 1912. The unemployment rate has varied from as low as 1% during World War I to as high as 25% during the Great Depression. More recently, it reached peaks of 10.8% in November 1982 and 10.0% in October 2009. Unemployment tends to rise during recessions and fall during expansions. From 1948 to 2015, unemployment averaged about 5.8%. There is always some unemployment, with persons changing jobs and new entrants to the labor force searching for jobs. This is referred to as frictional unemployment. For this reason, the Federal Reserve targets the natural rate of unemployment or NAIRU, which was around 5% in 2015. A rate of unemployment below this level would be consistent with rising inflation in theory, as a shortage of workers would bid wages (and thus prices) upward.", "title": "Unemployment in the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In recent decades, the literacy rate of Rajasthan has increased significantly. In 1991, the state's literacy rate was only 38.55% (54.99% male and 20.44% female). In 2001, the literacy rate increased to 60.41% (75.70% male and 43.85% female). This was the highest leap in the percentage of literacy recorded in India (the rise in female literacy being 23%). At the Census 2011, Rajasthan had a literacy rate of 67.06% (80.51% male and 52.66% female). Although Rajasthan's literacy rate is below the national average of 74.04% and although its female literacy rate is the lowest in the country, the state has been praised for its efforts and achievements in raising male and female literacy rates.", "title": "Rajasthan" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After years of high increase, the unemployment in Portugal has been in a continuous falling trend since the third quarter of 2014, decreasing from a peak of 17.7% achieved in the early 2013 to a rate of 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015. However, it is high still high compared with what was the normal average Portuguese unemployment rate in the past. In the second quarter of 2008 the unemployment rate was 7.3%, but the rate immediately rose the following period. By December 2009, unemployment had surpassed the 10% mark nationwide in the wake of worldwide events, by 2010, the rate was around 11% and in 2011 it was above 12%.[citation needed] The first quarter of 2013 signified a new unemployment rate record for Portugal, as it reached 17.7%— up from 17% in the previous quarter — and the Government has predicted an 18.5% unemployment rate in 2014. However, in the third quarter of the same year, it has surprisingly declined to a rate of 15.6%. From then on, the unemployment downtrend continued, declining to 13.9% in the second semester of 2014 and to 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "IMF's forecast said that Greece's unemployment rate would hit the highest 14.8 percent in 2012 and decrease to 14.1 in 2014. But in fact, the Greek economy suffered a prolonged high unemployemnt. The unemployment figure was between 9 per cent and 11 per cent in 2009, and it soared to 28 per cent in 2013. In 2015, Greece's jobless rate is around 24 per cent. It is thought that Greece's potential output has been eroded by this prolonged massive unemployment due to the associated hysteresis effects.", "title": "Economy of Greece" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lingmell is a fell in the English Lake District, standing above the village of Wasdale Head. It is an outlier on the north-west flank of Scafell Pike, England’s highest mountain.", "title": "Lingmell" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In finance, Black Monday refers to Monday, October 19, 1987, when stock markets around the world crashed, shedding a huge value in a very short time. The crash began in Hong Kong and spread west to Europe, hitting the United States after other markets had already declined by a significant margin. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) fell exactly 508 points to 1,738.74 (22.61%). In Australia and New Zealand, the 1987 crash is also referred to as ``Black Tuesday ''because of the time zone difference.", "title": "Black Monday (1987)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 20th century British economist William Beveridge stated that an unemployment rate of 3% was full employment. For the United States, economist William T. Dickens found that full - employment unemployment rate varied a lot over time but equaled about 5.5 percent of the civilian labor force during the 2000s. Recently, economists have emphasized the idea that full employment represents a ``range ''of possible unemployment rates. For example, in 1999, in the United States, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gives an estimate of the`` full - employment unemployment rate'' of 4 to 6.4%. This is the estimated unemployment rate at full employment, plus & minus the standard error of the estimate.", "title": "Full employment" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In finance, Black Monday refers to Monday, October 19, 1987, when stock markets around the world crashed. The crash began in Hong Kong and spread west to Europe, hitting the United States after other markets had already declined by a lot. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) fell exactly 508 points to 1,738.74 (22.61%). In Australia and New Zealand, the 1987 crash is also referred to as ``Black Tuesday ''because of the time zone difference.", "title": "Black Monday (1987)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dickinson is an unincorporated community in Clarke County, Alabama, United States. Dickinson is the hometown of Tom Franklin, a crime fiction writer. Dickinson also has the highest percentage of Cubans in the state.", "title": "Dickinson, Alabama" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In basketball, a free throw is an unopposed attempt to score points from behind the free throw line. The National Basketball Association's (NBA) free throw percentage leader is the player with the highest free throw percentage in a given season. José Calderón holds the record for best free throw percentage in a season, which he accomplished with the Toronto Raptors in the 2008 -- 09 NBA season. To qualify as a free throw percentage leader, the player must have at least 125 free throws made. Aside from the strike shortened 1998 -- 99 and 2011 -- 12 seasons, this has been the entry criteria since the 1974 -- 75 season.", "title": "List of National Basketball Association annual free throw percentage leaders" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slight Side is a fell in the English Lake District it stands 25 kilometers east southeast of the town of Whitehaven and reaches a height of 762 m (2,499 ft). Slight Side lies at the south western edge of the Scafell Massif, a four kilometre long crescent of high ground which includes the highest ground in England. The fells names derives from the Old Norse language and means \"\"The mountain shieling with the level pastures\"\", it is a combination of the Norse words \"sletta\" and \"saetr\". With a shieling meaning a shepherds hut or a mountain pasture used in the summer.", "title": "Slight Side" } ]	What was the percentage that the Dow Jones fell when the US had the highest unemployment rate?	54.7%	[]	Title: Copyright infringement Passage: In its 2011 report, conducted in partnership with IDC and Ipsos Public Affairs, the BSA stated: "Over half of the world's personal computer users – 57 percent – admit to pirating software." The ninth annual "BSA Global Software Piracy Study" claims that the "commercial value of this shadow market of pirated software" was worth US$63.4 billion in 2011, with the highest commercial value of pirated PC software existent in the U.S. during that time period (US$9,773,000). According to the 2011 study, Zimbabwe was the nation with the highest piracy rate, at 92%, while the lowest piracy rate was present in the U.S., at 19%. Title: Boston Passage: Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Five for the Future" list as a "Future Best City" for biking, and Boston's bicycle commuting percentage increased from 1% in 2000 to 2.1% in 2009. The bikeshare program called Hubway launched in late July 2011, logging more than 140,000 rides before the close of its first season. The neighboring municipalities of Cambridge, Somerville, and Brookline joined the Hubway program in summer 2012. Title: Slight Side Passage: Slight Side is a fell in the English Lake District it stands 25 kilometers east southeast of the town of Whitehaven and reaches a height of 762 m (2,499 ft). Slight Side lies at the south western edge of the Scafell Massif, a four kilometre long crescent of high ground which includes the highest ground in England. The fells names derives from the Old Norse language and means ""The mountain shieling with the level pastures"", it is a combination of the Norse words "sletta" and "saetr". With a shieling meaning a shepherds hut or a mountain pasture used in the summer. Title: Tanzania Passage: Market strategist Phil Dow believes distinctions exist "between the current market malaise" and the Great Depression. He says the Dow Jones average's fall of more than 50% over a period of 17 months is similar to a 54.7% fall in the Great Depression, followed by a total drop of 89% over the following 16 months. "It's very troubling if you have a mirror image," said Dow. Floyd Norris, the chief financial correspondent of The New York Times, wrote in a blog entry in March 2009 that the decline has not been a mirror image of the Great Depression, explaining that although the decline amounts were nearly the same at the time, the rates of decline had started much faster in 2007, and that the past year had only ranked eighth among the worst recorded years of percentage drops in the Dow. The past two years ranked third, however. Title: Lingmell Passage: Lingmell is a fell in the English Lake District, standing above the village of Wasdale Head. It is an outlier on the north-west flank of Scafell Pike, England’s highest mountain. Title: Economy of Greece Passage: IMF's forecast said that Greece's unemployment rate would hit the highest 14.8 percent in 2012 and decrease to 14.1 in 2014. But in fact, the Greek economy suffered a prolonged high unemployemnt. The unemployment figure was between 9 per cent and 11 per cent in 2009, and it soared to 28 per cent in 2013. In 2015, Greece's jobless rate is around 24 per cent. It is thought that Greece's potential output has been eroded by this prolonged massive unemployment due to the associated hysteresis effects. Title: Rajasthan Passage: In recent decades, the literacy rate of Rajasthan has increased significantly. In 1991, the state's literacy rate was only 38.55% (54.99% male and 20.44% female). In 2001, the literacy rate increased to 60.41% (75.70% male and 43.85% female). This was the highest leap in the percentage of literacy recorded in India (the rise in female literacy being 23%). At the Census 2011, Rajasthan had a literacy rate of 67.06% (80.51% male and 52.66% female). Although Rajasthan's literacy rate is below the national average of 74.04% and although its female literacy rate is the lowest in the country, the state has been praised for its efforts and achievements in raising male and female literacy rates. Title: Dickinson, Alabama Passage: Dickinson is an unincorporated community in Clarke County, Alabama, United States. Dickinson is the hometown of Tom Franklin, a crime fiction writer. Dickinson also has the highest percentage of Cubans in the state. Title: Black Monday (1987) Passage: In finance, Black Monday refers to Monday, October 19, 1987, when stock markets around the world crashed, shedding a huge value in a very short time. The crash began in Hong Kong and spread west to Europe, hitting the United States after other markets had already declined by a significant margin. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) fell exactly 508 points to 1,738.74 (22.61%). In Australia and New Zealand, the 1987 crash is also referred to as ``Black Tuesday ''because of the time zone difference. Title: Atlantic City, New Jersey Passage: As of September 2014, the greater Atlantic City area has one of the highest unemployment rates in the country at 13.8%, out of labor force of around 141,000. Title: Full employment Passage: The 20th century British economist William Beveridge stated that an unemployment rate of 3% was full employment. For the United States, economist William T. Dickens found that full - employment unemployment rate varied a lot over time but equaled about 5.5 percent of the civilian labor force during the 2000s. Recently, economists have emphasized the idea that full employment represents a ``range ''of possible unemployment rates. For example, in 1999, in the United States, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gives an estimate of the`` full - employment unemployment rate'' of 4 to 6.4%. This is the estimated unemployment rate at full employment, plus & minus the standard error of the estimate. Title: Philadelphia Passage: Philadelphia's an annualized unemployment rate was 7.8% in 2014, down from 10.0%the previous year. This is higher than the national average of 6.2%. Similarly, the rate of new jobs added to the city's economy lagged behind the national job growth. In 2014, about 8,800 jobs were added to the city's economy. Sectors with the largest number of jobs added were in education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and professional and business services. Declines were seen in the city's manufacturing and government sectors. Title: Black Monday (1987) Passage: In finance, Black Monday refers to Monday, October 19, 1987, when stock markets around the world crashed. The crash began in Hong Kong and spread west to Europe, hitting the United States after other markets had already declined by a lot. The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) fell exactly 508 points to 1,738.74 (22.61%). In Australia and New Zealand, the 1987 crash is also referred to as ``Black Tuesday ''because of the time zone difference. Title: Child labour Passage: Child labour accounts for 22% of the workforce in Asia, 32% in Africa, 17% in Latin America, 1% in the US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations. The proportion of child labourers varies greatly among countries and even regions inside those countries. Africa has the highest percentage of children aged 5–17 employed as child labour, and a total of over 65 million. Asia, with its larger population, has the largest number of children employed as child labour at about 114 million. Latin America and Caribbean region have lower overall population density, but at 14 million child labourers has high incidence rates too. Title: Portugal Passage: After years of high increase, the unemployment in Portugal has been in a continuous falling trend since the third quarter of 2014, decreasing from a peak of 17.7% achieved in the early 2013 to a rate of 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015. However, it is high still high compared with what was the normal average Portuguese unemployment rate in the past. In the second quarter of 2008 the unemployment rate was 7.3%, but the rate immediately rose the following period. By December 2009, unemployment had surpassed the 10% mark nationwide in the wake of worldwide events, by 2010, the rate was around 11% and in 2011 it was above 12%.[citation needed] The first quarter of 2013 signified a new unemployment rate record for Portugal, as it reached 17.7%— up from 17% in the previous quarter — and the Government has predicted an 18.5% unemployment rate in 2014. However, in the third quarter of the same year, it has surprisingly declined to a rate of 15.6%. From then on, the unemployment downtrend continued, declining to 13.9% in the second semester of 2014 and to 11.9% in the second quarter of 2015. Title: Tanzania Passage: The output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States—decreased at an annual rate of approximately 6% in the fourth quarter of 2008 and first quarter of 2009, versus activity in the year-ago periods. The U.S. unemployment rate increased to 10.1% by October 2009, the highest rate since 1983 and roughly twice the pre-crisis rate. The average hours per work week declined to 33, the lowest level since the government began collecting the data in 1964. With the decline of gross domestic product came the decline in innovation. With fewer resources to risk in creative destruction, the number of patent applications flat-lined. Compared to the previous 5 years of exponential increases in patent application, this stagnation correlates to the similar drop in GDP during the same time period. Title: List of National Basketball Association annual free throw percentage leaders Passage: In basketball, a free throw is an unopposed attempt to score points from behind the free throw line. The National Basketball Association's (NBA) free throw percentage leader is the player with the highest free throw percentage in a given season. José Calderón holds the record for best free throw percentage in a season, which he accomplished with the Toronto Raptors in the 2008 -- 09 NBA season. To qualify as a free throw percentage leader, the player must have at least 125 free throws made. Aside from the strike shortened 1998 -- 99 and 2011 -- 12 seasons, this has been the entry criteria since the 1974 -- 75 season. Title: Unemployment in the United States Passage: During the 1940s, the U.S Department of Labor, specifically the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), began collecting employment information via monthly household surveys. Other data series are available back to 1912. The unemployment rate has varied from as low as 1% during World War I to as high as 25% during the Great Depression. More recently, it reached peaks of 10.8% in November 1982 and 10.0% in October 2009. Unemployment tends to rise during recessions and fall during expansions. From 1948 to 2015, unemployment averaged about 5.8%. There is always some unemployment, with persons changing jobs and new entrants to the labor force searching for jobs. This is referred to as frictional unemployment. For this reason, the Federal Reserve targets the natural rate of unemployment or NAIRU, which was around 5% in 2015. A rate of unemployment below this level would be consistent with rising inflation in theory, as a shortage of workers would bid wages (and thus prices) upward. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3; one out of eighteen pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 50% of women in Guinea Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation. In 2010, Guinea Bissau had the 7th highest maternal mortality rate in the world. Title: The Wall Street Journal Passage: Three months later, on August 1, 2007, News Corporation and Dow Jones entered into a definitive merger agreement. The US $5 billion sale added The Wall Street Journal to Rupert Murdoch's news empire, which already included Fox News Channel, financial network unit and London's The Times, and locally within New York, the New York Post, along with Fox flagship station WNYW (Channel 5) and MyNetworkTV flagship WWOR (Channel 9).	[ "Tanzania", "Unemployment in the United States" ]
2hop__25788_25855	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Founder Technology Group Corporation (), a subsidiary of Founder Group from Peking University, is an information technology state-owned enterprise in Shanghai, China. It is engaged in the development of personal computers and computer peripherals, under the brand of \"Fang Zheng\" (方正), and printed circuit boards.", "title": "Founder Technology" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrated that even equipment controlled by computers not connected to the Internet can be vulnerable to physical damage caused by malicious commands sent to industrial equipment (in that case uranium enrichment centrifuges) which are infected via removable media. In 2014, the Computer Emergency Readiness Team, a division of the Department of Homeland Security, investigated 79 hacking incidents at energy companies.", "title": "Computer security" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Though most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that it is possible to install and remove devices without rebooting the computer (hot-swapping), making it useful for mobile peripherals, including drives of various kinds (given SATA or SCSI devices may or may not support hot-swapping).", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The byte (/ ˈbaɪt /) is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. The size of the byte has historically been hardware dependent and no definitive standards existed that mandated the size -- byte - sizes from 1 to 48 bits are known to have been used in the past. The modern de-facto standard of eight bits, as documented in ISO / IEC 2382 - 1: 1993, is a convenient power of two permitting the values 0 through 255 for one byte. The international standard IEC 80000 - 13 codified this common meaning. Many types of applications use information representable in eight or fewer bits and processor designers optimize for this common usage. The popularity of major commercial computing architectures has aided in the ubiquitous acceptance of the eight - bit size.", "title": "Byte" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 1990s, Dell switched from using primarily ATX motherboards and PSU to using boards and power supplies with mechanically identical but differently wired connectors. This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell-compatible parts instead of commonly available parts. While motherboard power connections reverted to the industry standard in 2003, Dell continues to remain secretive about their motherboard pin-outs for peripherals (such as MMC readers and power on/off switches and LEDs).", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell Inspiron Dell Inspiron Logo Developer Dell Technologies Type Laptop / Notebook Desktop Computer Release date Mid 1990s CPU AMD APU, Intel Atom, Intel Celeron, Intel Pentium, Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7 Graphics Intel HD Graphics, ATI / AMD Radeon, NVIDIA GeForce Related articles Dell Vostro, Dell Latitude, Dell XPS Website Dell Inspiron", "title": "Dell Inspiron" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s, Nintendo made plans to create a cartridge-based console called the Famicom. Masayuki Uemura designed the system. Original plans called for an advanced 16-bit system which would function as a full-fledged computer with a keyboard and floppy disk drive, but Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi rejected this and instead decided to go for a cheaper, more conventional cartridge-based game console as he felt that features such as keyboards and disks were intimidating to non-technophiles. A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware, after which work began on programming tools. Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan up to that time, no cross-development software was available and it had to be produced from scratch. Early Famicom games were written on a system that ran on an NEC PC-8001 computer and LEDs on a grid were used with a digitizer to design graphics as no software design tools for this purpose existed at that time.[citation needed]", "title": "Nintendo Entertainment System" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On Dell and Toshiba laptops, the port is marked with the standard USB symbol with an added lightning bolt icon on the right side. Dell calls this feature PowerShare, while Toshiba calls it USB Sleep-and-Charge. On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is simply called Power-off USB. On some laptops such as Dell and Apple MacBook models, it is possible to plug a device in, close the laptop (putting it into sleep mode) and have the device continue to charge.[citation needed]", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam R. Dell (born January 14, 1970) is an American venture capitalist and is the brother of Michael Dell, the founder of computer manufacturing company Dell Inc.", "title": "Adam Dell" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The PocketStation is a Memory Card peripheral by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation home video game console. Categorized by Sony as a combination of a Memory Card and a miniature personal digital assistant, the device features a monochrome liquid crystal display (LCD), infrared communication capability, a real-time clock, built-in flash memory, and sound capability. To use the device's memory card functionality, it must be connected to a PlayStation through a memory card slot. It was released exclusively in Japan on January 23, 1999.", "title": "PocketStation" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely. In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drives, all of the required software may be stored in ROM. Software stored in ROM is often called firmware, because it is notionally more like hardware than software. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary.", "title": "Computer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1998, Apple introduced its new iMac which, like the original 128K Mac, was an all-in-one computer. Its translucent plastic case, originally Bondi blue and later various additional colors, is considered an industrial design landmark of the late 1990s. The iMac did away with most of Apple's standard (and usually proprietary) connections, such as SCSI and ADB, in favor of two USB ports. It replaced a floppy disk drive with a CD-ROM drive for installing software, but was incapable of writing to CDs or other media without external third-party hardware. The iMac proved to be phenomenally successful, with 800,000 units sold in 139 days. It made the company an annual profit of US$309 million, Apple's first profitable year since Michael Spindler took over as CEO in 1995. This aesthetic was applied to the Power Macintosh and later the iBook, Apple's first consumer-level laptop computer, filling the missing quadrant of Apple's \"four-square product matrix\" (desktop and portable products for both consumers and professionals). More than 140,000 pre-orders were placed before it started shipping in September, and by October proved to be a large success.", "title": "Macintosh" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sleep-and-charge USB ports can be used to charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off. Normally, when a computer is powered off the USB ports are powered down, preventing phones and other devices from charging. Sleep-and-charge USB ports remain powered even when the computer is off. On laptops, charging devices from the USB port when it is not being powered from AC drains the laptop battery faster; most laptops have a facility to stop charging if their own battery charge level gets too low.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the advent of mass-produced binary components for computers, ternary computers have diminished in significance. However, Donald Knuth argues that they will be brought back into development in the future to take advantage of ternary logic's elegance and efficiency. One possible way this could happen is by combining an optical computer with the ternary logic system. A ternary computer using fiber optics could use dark as 0 and two orthogonal polarizations of light as 1 and −1. IBM also reports infrequently on ternary computing topics (in its papers), but it is not actively engaged in it.The Josephson junction has been proposed as a balanced ternary memory cell, using circulating superconducting currents, either clockwise, counterclockwise, or off. \"The advantages of the proposed memory circuit are capability of high speed computation, low power consumption and very simple construction with fewer elements due to the ternary operation.\"In 2009, a quantum computer was proposed which uses a quantum ternary state, a qutrit, rather than the typical qubit. When the number of basic states of quantum element is d, it is called qudit.", "title": "Ternary computer" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting \"got in the way,\" aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional \"bloatware\" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the \"Dell Hell\" prominent on Internet search engines.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Steve Alcorn (born 1956) is an American entrepreneur, engineer, inventor, author and teacher best known for his involvement in the theme park industry. As a co-founder of MicroDaSys, he was an early pioneer of computer peripherals.", "title": "Steve Alcorn" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The bipolar transistor was invented in 1947. From 1955 onwards transistors replaced vacuum tubes in computer designs, giving rise to the \"second generation\" of computers. Compared to vacuum tubes, transistors have many advantages: they are smaller, and require less power than vacuum tubes, so give off less heat. Silicon junction transistors were much more reliable than vacuum tubes and had longer, indefinite, service life. Transistorized computers could contain tens of thousands of binary logic circuits in a relatively compact space.", "title": "Computer" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Open Blueprint was an IBM framework developed in the early 1990s (and released in March 1992) that provided a standard for connecting network computers. The open blueprint structure reduced redundancy by combining protocols.", "title": "Open Blueprint" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009.", "title": "Dell" } ]	Drives attached via an industry standard connector remain powered when the computer is off using what Dell feature?	PowerShare	[]	Title: Nintendo Entertainment System Passage: Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s, Nintendo made plans to create a cartridge-based console called the Famicom. Masayuki Uemura designed the system. Original plans called for an advanced 16-bit system which would function as a full-fledged computer with a keyboard and floppy disk drive, but Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi rejected this and instead decided to go for a cheaper, more conventional cartridge-based game console as he felt that features such as keyboards and disks were intimidating to non-technophiles. A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware, after which work began on programming tools. Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan up to that time, no cross-development software was available and it had to be produced from scratch. Early Famicom games were written on a system that ran on an NEC PC-8001 computer and LEDs on a grid were used with a digitizer to design graphics as no software design tools for this purpose existed at that time.[citation needed] Title: Founder Technology Passage: Founder Technology Group Corporation (), a subsidiary of Founder Group from Peking University, is an information technology state-owned enterprise in Shanghai, China. It is engaged in the development of personal computers and computer peripherals, under the brand of "Fang Zheng" (方正), and printed circuit boards. Title: USB Passage: Though most computers since mid-2004 can boot from USB mass storage devices, USB is not intended as a primary bus for a computer's internal storage. Buses such as Parallel ATA (PATA or IDE), Serial ATA (SATA), or SCSI fulfill that role in PC class computers. However, USB has one important advantage, in that it is possible to install and remove devices without rebooting the computer (hot-swapping), making it useful for mobile peripherals, including drives of various kinds (given SATA or SCSI devices may or may not support hot-swapping). Title: Computer Passage: RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely. In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drives, all of the required software may be stored in ROM. Software stored in ROM is often called firmware, because it is notionally more like hardware than software. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary. Title: Byte Passage: The byte (/ ˈbaɪt /) is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures. The size of the byte has historically been hardware dependent and no definitive standards existed that mandated the size -- byte - sizes from 1 to 48 bits are known to have been used in the past. The modern de-facto standard of eight bits, as documented in ISO / IEC 2382 - 1: 1993, is a convenient power of two permitting the values 0 through 255 for one byte. The international standard IEC 80000 - 13 codified this common meaning. Many types of applications use information representable in eight or fewer bits and processor designers optimize for this common usage. The popularity of major commercial computing architectures has aided in the ubiquitous acceptance of the eight - bit size. Title: Computer Passage: The bipolar transistor was invented in 1947. From 1955 onwards transistors replaced vacuum tubes in computer designs, giving rise to the "second generation" of computers. Compared to vacuum tubes, transistors have many advantages: they are smaller, and require less power than vacuum tubes, so give off less heat. Silicon junction transistors were much more reliable than vacuum tubes and had longer, indefinite, service life. Transistorized computers could contain tens of thousands of binary logic circuits in a relatively compact space. Title: Ternary computer Passage: With the advent of mass-produced binary components for computers, ternary computers have diminished in significance. However, Donald Knuth argues that they will be brought back into development in the future to take advantage of ternary logic's elegance and efficiency. One possible way this could happen is by combining an optical computer with the ternary logic system. A ternary computer using fiber optics could use dark as 0 and two orthogonal polarizations of light as 1 and −1. IBM also reports infrequently on ternary computing topics (in its papers), but it is not actively engaged in it.The Josephson junction has been proposed as a balanced ternary memory cell, using circulating superconducting currents, either clockwise, counterclockwise, or off. "The advantages of the proposed memory circuit are capability of high speed computation, low power consumption and very simple construction with fewer elements due to the ternary operation."In 2009, a quantum computer was proposed which uses a quantum ternary state, a qutrit, rather than the typical qubit. When the number of basic states of quantum element is d, it is called qudit. Title: PocketStation Passage: The PocketStation is a Memory Card peripheral by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation home video game console. Categorized by Sony as a combination of a Memory Card and a miniature personal digital assistant, the device features a monochrome liquid crystal display (LCD), infrared communication capability, a real-time clock, built-in flash memory, and sound capability. To use the device's memory card functionality, it must be connected to a PlayStation through a memory card slot. It was released exclusively in Japan on January 23, 1999. Title: USB Passage: On Dell and Toshiba laptops, the port is marked with the standard USB symbol with an added lightning bolt icon on the right side. Dell calls this feature PowerShare, while Toshiba calls it USB Sleep-and-Charge. On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is simply called Power-off USB. On some laptops such as Dell and Apple MacBook models, it is possible to plug a device in, close the laptop (putting it into sleep mode) and have the device continue to charge.[citation needed] Title: Macintosh Passage: In 1998, Apple introduced its new iMac which, like the original 128K Mac, was an all-in-one computer. Its translucent plastic case, originally Bondi blue and later various additional colors, is considered an industrial design landmark of the late 1990s. The iMac did away with most of Apple's standard (and usually proprietary) connections, such as SCSI and ADB, in favor of two USB ports. It replaced a floppy disk drive with a CD-ROM drive for installing software, but was incapable of writing to CDs or other media without external third-party hardware. The iMac proved to be phenomenally successful, with 800,000 units sold in 139 days. It made the company an annual profit of US$309 million, Apple's first profitable year since Michael Spindler took over as CEO in 1995. This aesthetic was applied to the Power Macintosh and later the iBook, Apple's first consumer-level laptop computer, filling the missing quadrant of Apple's "four-square product matrix" (desktop and portable products for both consumers and professionals). More than 140,000 pre-orders were placed before it started shipping in September, and by October proved to be a large success. Title: Open Blueprint Passage: Open Blueprint was an IBM framework developed in the early 1990s (and released in March 1992) that provided a standard for connecting network computers. The open blueprint structure reduced redundancy by combining protocols. Title: Computer security Passage: Computers control functions at many utilities, including coordination of telecommunications, the power grid, nuclear power plants, and valve opening and closing in water and gas networks. The Internet is a potential attack vector for such machines if connected, but the Stuxnet worm demonstrated that even equipment controlled by computers not connected to the Internet can be vulnerable to physical damage caused by malicious commands sent to industrial equipment (in that case uranium enrichment centrifuges) which are infected via removable media. In 2014, the Computer Emergency Readiness Team, a division of the Department of Homeland Security, investigated 79 hacking incidents at energy companies. Title: Adam Dell Passage: Adam R. Dell (born January 14, 1970) is an American venture capitalist and is the brother of Michael Dell, the founder of computer manufacturing company Dell Inc. Title: USB Passage: USB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices. Title: Dell Passage: Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009. Title: Dell Inspiron Passage: Dell Inspiron Dell Inspiron Logo Developer Dell Technologies Type Laptop / Notebook Desktop Computer Release date Mid 1990s CPU AMD APU, Intel Atom, Intel Celeron, Intel Pentium, Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7 Graphics Intel HD Graphics, ATI / AMD Radeon, NVIDIA GeForce Related articles Dell Vostro, Dell Latitude, Dell XPS Website Dell Inspiron Title: Dell Passage: In the 1990s, Dell switched from using primarily ATX motherboards and PSU to using boards and power supplies with mechanically identical but differently wired connectors. This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell-compatible parts instead of commonly available parts. While motherboard power connections reverted to the industry standard in 2003, Dell continues to remain secretive about their motherboard pin-outs for peripherals (such as MMC readers and power on/off switches and LEDs). Title: Steve Alcorn Passage: Steve Alcorn (born 1956) is an American entrepreneur, engineer, inventor, author and teacher best known for his involvement in the theme park industry. As a co-founder of MicroDaSys, he was an early pioneer of computer peripherals. Title: Dell Passage: Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines. Title: USB Passage: Sleep-and-charge USB ports can be used to charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off. Normally, when a computer is powered off the USB ports are powered down, preventing phones and other devices from charging. Sleep-and-charge USB ports remain powered even when the computer is off. On laptops, charging devices from the USB port when it is not being powered from AC drains the laptop battery faster; most laptops have a facility to stop charging if their own battery charge level gets too low.	[ "USB", "USB" ]
2hop__370911_589237	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brittany Petros (born September 9, 1974) is an American actress, producer, and television personality. She first rose to fame as a cast member on the first season of the reality-television competition \"Big Brother\" (2000), and has since gone on to appear as an actress in various roles. She has also done extensive work in production and casting roles.", "title": "Brittany Petros" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season.", "title": "Saturday Night Live (season 5)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first series introduces five initial cast members: Paul Bohill, Steve Pinner, Mike Allonby, Terry Jones, and Steve Wood. The day after the broadcast of the first programme, Allonby died aged 47 at his home in Wales. Both Jones and Wood subsequently only appeared in the first series, with Bohill and Pinner (High Court Solutions) the only two cast members who went on to appear in series two. The first three episodes became the most watched programme on the channel that week, with episodes four and five placing at second and third, respectively.", "title": "Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away!" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jim Clancy, played by David Conrad is Melinda's (Jennifer Love Hewitt) husband. He is the only cast member other than Hewitt to appear in every episode.", "title": "List of Ghost Whisperer characters" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series.", "title": "List of The Young and the Restless cast members" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ninth series of Ex on the Beach, a British television programme began on 15 August 2018, The series was confirmed at the end of the eighth series final episode in May 2018. The cast members for this series were confirmed on 23 July 2018, and features former Made in Chelsea cast member Daisy Robins, as well as The Valleys star Natalee Harris. The series was filmed in Tulum, Mexico at the luxury villa Playaakun. This series it was revealed that the exes would have more power than ever before, as the ``Tablet of Terror ''continued to throw twists at them.", "title": "Ex on the Beach (British series 9)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His First Flame is a 1927 American silent comedy film starring Harry Langdon and directed by Harry Edwards. Additional cast members include Natalie Kingston, Ruth Hiatt, Vernon Dent, and others.", "title": "His First Flame" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The live - action cast features Robbie Amell as Fred, Kate Melton as Daphne, Hayley Kiyoko as Velma and Nick Palatas as Shaggy. Scooby - Doo was created using computer - generated imagery and his voice is provided by Frank Welker, who also was a cast member of the animated series, Scooby - Doo, Where Are You! and The Scooby - Doo Show, providing the voice of Fred.", "title": "Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It starred John Thaw as Sergeant John Mann, a member of the Special Investigation Branch of the Royal Military Police and ran for two series and 26 episodes between 1964 and 1966. Other actors appearing in the series included Kenneth Colley, Keith Barron, Windsor Davies, David Battley and Allan Cuthbertson. The series was created by Jack Bell and employed a variety of writers including Roger Marshall, Troy Kennedy-Martin, Jeremy Paul, Robert Holles and Richard Harris.", "title": "Redcap (TV series)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cult of Chucky is a 2017 American supernatural psychological slasher film written and directed by Don Mancini. The seventh installment of the franchise, following the 2013 film Curse of Chucky, it stars Brad Dourif as Chucky, with a supporting cast of Fiona Dourif, Alex Vincent, Jennifer Tilly and Summer H. Howell -- all of whom are returning cast members from the previous six installments.", "title": "Cult of Chucky" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Timothy Wallace Credeur II (born July 9, 1977) is a retired American mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's \"The Ultimate Fighter 7\" and was defeated by fellow cast member Jesse Taylor in the semi-finals. He was then brought back into the competition following the disqualification of Taylor. He fought C.B. Dollaway for a spot in the finals and lost to Dollaway via decision.", "title": "Tim Credeur" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was set up in August 1978 with Bhola Paswan Shastri as Chairman and other four Members. In 1990 the Commission for SCs and STs was renamed as the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were formed as per 1987 and it was set up as a National Level Advisory Body to advise the Government on broad policy issues and levels of development of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.", "title": "National Commission for Scheduled Castes" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Han-era family was patrilineal and typically had four to five nuclear family members living in one household. Multiple generations of extended family members did not occupy the same house, unlike families of later dynasties. According to Confucian family norms, various family members were treated with different levels of respect and intimacy. For example, there were different accepted time frames for mourning the death of a father versus a paternal uncle. Arranged marriages were normal, with the father's input on his offspring's spouse being considered more important than the mother's. Monogamous marriages were also normal, although nobles and high officials were wealthy enough to afford and support concubines as additional lovers. Under certain conditions dictated by custom, not law, both men and women were able to divorce their spouses and remarry.", "title": "Han dynasty" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season six is the final season for original cast members Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. Their characters, Lucas and Peyton, leave Tree Hill with their newborn baby in the finale.", "title": "One Tree Hill (season 6)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Two of Us: My Life with John Thaw () is a 2004 biography written by British actress Sheila Hancock. It is a double biography that focuses on the lives of both Sheila Hancock and her husband John Thaw (also an actor), and tells the story of their lives and their 28-year marriage.", "title": "The Two of Us: My Life with John Thaw" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dooley Wilson as Sam. He was one of the few American - born members of the cast. A drummer, he had to fake playing the piano. Even after shooting had been completed, producer Wallis considered dubbing over Wilson's voice for the songs. He had originally considered changing the character to a woman and casting singers Hazel Scott, Lena Horne, or Ella Fitzgerald.", "title": "Casablanca (film)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson.", "title": "Christopher Masterson" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The seventh series of the show began on 20 June 2017. This series was filmed on location on the island of Bali in Indonesia. The series was confirmed on 26 February 2017. The cast members for the series were confirmed on 23 May 2017 which include Geordie Shore stars Chloe Ferry and Marty McKenna, Love Island contestants Max Morley and Josh Ritchie, as well as Beauty School Cop Outs cast member Savannah Kemplay. Marty and Josh had previously appeared in the third and sixth series of the show respectively.", "title": "Ex on the Beach (British TV series)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gutur Gu is a silent comedy broadcast on the Indian satellite television channel SAB TV, produced by B. P. Singh and directed by Prabal Barua. It is also India's first silent comedy series. Its cast include, Sheetal Maulik and Sunil Grover along with Nayan Bhatt, Bhavana Balsavar, Jaidutt Vyas and KK Goswami. The show's cast members do not speak on screen.", "title": "Gutur Gu" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khloé. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members.", "title": "List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes" } ]	Who is the spouse of the Redcap cast member?	Sheila Hancock	[]	Title: Christopher Masterson Passage: Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson. Title: Tim Credeur Passage: Timothy Wallace Credeur II (born July 9, 1977) is a retired American mixed martial artist. He was a cast member of SpikeTV's "The Ultimate Fighter 7" and was defeated by fellow cast member Jesse Taylor in the semi-finals. He was then brought back into the competition following the disqualification of Taylor. He fought C.B. Dollaway for a spot in the finals and lost to Dollaway via decision. Title: Saturday Night Live (season 5) Passage: To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the "SNL" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season. Title: Gutur Gu Passage: Gutur Gu is a silent comedy broadcast on the Indian satellite television channel SAB TV, produced by B. P. Singh and directed by Prabal Barua. It is also India's first silent comedy series. Its cast include, Sheetal Maulik and Sunil Grover along with Nayan Bhatt, Bhavana Balsavar, Jaidutt Vyas and KK Goswami. The show's cast members do not speak on screen. Title: The Two of Us: My Life with John Thaw Passage: The Two of Us: My Life with John Thaw () is a 2004 biography written by British actress Sheila Hancock. It is a double biography that focuses on the lives of both Sheila Hancock and her husband John Thaw (also an actor), and tells the story of their lives and their 28-year marriage. Title: Redcap (TV series) Passage: It starred John Thaw as Sergeant John Mann, a member of the Special Investigation Branch of the Royal Military Police and ran for two series and 26 episodes between 1964 and 1966. Other actors appearing in the series included Kenneth Colley, Keith Barron, Windsor Davies, David Battley and Allan Cuthbertson. The series was created by Jack Bell and employed a variety of writers including Roger Marshall, Troy Kennedy-Martin, Jeremy Paul, Robert Holles and Richard Harris. Title: Ex on the Beach (British series 9) Passage: The ninth series of Ex on the Beach, a British television programme began on 15 August 2018, The series was confirmed at the end of the eighth series final episode in May 2018. The cast members for this series were confirmed on 23 July 2018, and features former Made in Chelsea cast member Daisy Robins, as well as The Valleys star Natalee Harris. The series was filmed in Tulum, Mexico at the luxury villa Playaakun. This series it was revealed that the exes would have more power than ever before, as the ``Tablet of Terror ''continued to throw twists at them. Title: Can't Pay? We'll Take It Away! Passage: The first series introduces five initial cast members: Paul Bohill, Steve Pinner, Mike Allonby, Terry Jones, and Steve Wood. The day after the broadcast of the first programme, Allonby died aged 47 at his home in Wales. Both Jones and Wood subsequently only appeared in the first series, with Bohill and Pinner (High Court Solutions) the only two cast members who went on to appear in series two. The first three episodes became the most watched programme on the channel that week, with episodes four and five placing at second and third, respectively. Title: List of Keeping Up with the Kardashians episodes Passage: It additionally places emphasis on their brother Rob Kardashian, their mother Kris Jenner, their step - parent Bruce Jenner (now known as Caitlyn Jenner), their half - sisters Kendall and Kylie Jenner, and Kourtney's now ex-boyfriend, Scott Disick. Khloé's ex-husband Lamar Odom developed a major position as part of the supporting cast in the fourth season, though he was not a regular cast member in following seasons, and rarely appeared in season eight while attempting to fix his marriage with Khloé. Along in season seven Kanye West became a recurring cast members after dating Kim then marrying her in season nine. In seasons eight and nine, Caitlyn's children Brody and Brandon, and Brandon's wife, Leah became recurring cast members. Title: National Commission for Scheduled Castes Passage: The first Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was set up in August 1978 with Bhola Paswan Shastri as Chairman and other four Members. In 1990 the Commission for SCs and STs was renamed as the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were formed as per 1987 and it was set up as a National Level Advisory Body to advise the Government on broad policy issues and levels of development of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Title: One Tree Hill (season 6) Passage: Season six is the final season for original cast members Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton. Their characters, Lucas and Peyton, leave Tree Hill with their newborn baby in the finale. Title: Han dynasty Passage: The Han-era family was patrilineal and typically had four to five nuclear family members living in one household. Multiple generations of extended family members did not occupy the same house, unlike families of later dynasties. According to Confucian family norms, various family members were treated with different levels of respect and intimacy. For example, there were different accepted time frames for mourning the death of a father versus a paternal uncle. Arranged marriages were normal, with the father's input on his offspring's spouse being considered more important than the mother's. Monogamous marriages were also normal, although nobles and high officials were wealthy enough to afford and support concubines as additional lovers. Under certain conditions dictated by custom, not law, both men and women were able to divorce their spouses and remarry. Title: Cult of Chucky Passage: Cult of Chucky is a 2017 American supernatural psychological slasher film written and directed by Don Mancini. The seventh installment of the franchise, following the 2013 film Curse of Chucky, it stars Brad Dourif as Chucky, with a supporting cast of Fiona Dourif, Alex Vincent, Jennifer Tilly and Summer H. Howell -- all of whom are returning cast members from the previous six installments. Title: Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins Passage: The live - action cast features Robbie Amell as Fred, Kate Melton as Daphne, Hayley Kiyoko as Velma and Nick Palatas as Shaggy. Scooby - Doo was created using computer - generated imagery and his voice is provided by Frank Welker, who also was a cast member of the animated series, Scooby - Doo, Where Are You! and The Scooby - Doo Show, providing the voice of Fred. Title: Casablanca (film) Passage: Dooley Wilson as Sam. He was one of the few American - born members of the cast. A drummer, he had to fake playing the piano. Even after shooting had been completed, producer Wallis considered dubbing over Wilson's voice for the songs. He had originally considered changing the character to a woman and casting singers Hazel Scott, Lena Horne, or Ella Fitzgerald. Title: His First Flame Passage: His First Flame is a 1927 American silent comedy film starring Harry Langdon and directed by Harry Edwards. Additional cast members include Natalie Kingston, Ruth Hiatt, Vernon Dent, and others. Title: List of Ghost Whisperer characters Passage: Jim Clancy, played by David Conrad is Melinda's (Jennifer Love Hewitt) husband. He is the only cast member other than Hewitt to appear in every episode. Title: Brittany Petros Passage: Brittany Petros (born September 9, 1974) is an American actress, producer, and television personality. She first rose to fame as a cast member on the first season of the reality-television competition "Big Brother" (2000), and has since gone on to appear as an actress in various roles. She has also done extensive work in production and casting roles. Title: Ex on the Beach (British TV series) Passage: The seventh series of the show began on 20 June 2017. This series was filmed on location on the island of Bali in Indonesia. The series was confirmed on 26 February 2017. The cast members for the series were confirmed on 23 May 2017 which include Geordie Shore stars Chloe Ferry and Marty McKenna, Love Island contestants Max Morley and Josh Ritchie, as well as Beauty School Cop Outs cast member Savannah Kemplay. Marty and Josh had previously appeared in the third and sixth series of the show respectively. Title: List of The Young and the Restless cast members Passage: The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series.	[ "Redcap (TV series)", "The Two of Us: My Life with John Thaw" ]
2hop__274529_5385	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1951, Porter founded the label Combo Records, which was active until 1961 and released R&B and doo wop releases in addition to some jazz. Much of the material released on the label was recorded in Porter's basement, and he did a fair bit of songwriting for the releases in addition to recording duties. He did further touring as a bandleader in the 1950s, and freelanced in California in the 1960s. He and Mike Porter collaborated in Canada in 1964. He played less later in his life and concentrated on the business aspects of music, working for musicians' unions in the 1970s. However, he toured Europe in 1978 and still played in the 1980s. He died in Los Angeles at age 76.", "title": "Jake Porter" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Porter was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma, and graduated from Shawnee High School in 1955, then went on to earn a radio journalism degree at the University of Oklahoma. His broadcasting career began at age 14 when he broadcast a few innings in several games involving Shawnee's Class D baseball team, the Hawks, a Los Angeles Dodgers farm club, over KGFF. At age 15, Porter was elevated to play-by-play man of the Shawnee Wolves' football and basketball broadcasts and the Hawks when the regular announcer resigned. At a high school football game one night, Ross was introduced by his father to the legendary Jim Thorpe.", "title": "Ross Porter (sportscaster)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ross Bay Cemetery is located at 1516 Fairfield Road in Victoria, British Columbia, on Vancouver Island, Canada. Many historical figures from the early days of the province and colony of British Columbia are buried at Ross Bay.", "title": "Ross Bay Cemetery" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buckskin Township is one of the sixteen townships of Ross County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,040 people in the township, 827 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township.", "title": "Buckskin Township, Ross County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Porter\" (DDG-78) is an in the United States Navy. \"Porter\" is the fifth US Navy ship to be named after US Navy officers Commodore David Porter, and his son, Admiral David Dixon Porter. This ship is the 28th destroyer of her class. \"Porter\" was the 12th ship of this class to be built at Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi. She was laid down on 2 December 1996, launched and christened on 12 November 1997, and commissioned 20 March 1999, in Port Canaveral, Florida.", "title": "USS Porter (DDG-78)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Northern Life Museum is in Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, Canada. The museum has a collection of over 13,000 artifacts representing the peoples and history of the North. Many of the artifacts were collected by the Oblate Fathers and the Grey Nuns during their missionary work in the North.", "title": "Northern Life Museum" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Porter Creek Centre is an electoral district which returns a member (known as an MLA) to the Legislative Assembly of Yukon, Canada. It was created in 2002 out of the Whitehorse ridings of Porter Creek North and Porter Creek South. It encompasses the Whitehorse subdivision of Whistle Bend and part of the subdivision of Porter Creek. It is bordered by the ridings of Porter Creek South, Porter Creek North, and Riverdale North.", "title": "Porter Creek Centre" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills.", "title": "Tajikistan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although most of the simplified Chinese characters in use today are the result of the works moderated by the government of the People's Republic of China in the 1950s and 60s, character simplification predates the republic's formation in 1949. One of the earliest proponents of character simplification was Lufei Kui, who proposed in 1909 that simplified characters should be used in education. In the years following the May Fourth Movement in 1919, many anti-imperialist Chinese intellectuals sought ways to modernise China. In the 1930s and 1940s, discussions on character simplification took place within the Kuomintang government, and many Chinese intellectuals and writers have long maintained that character simplification would help boost literacy in China. In many world languages, literacy has been promoted as a justification for spelling reforms. The People's Republic of China issued its first round of official character simplifications in two documents, the first in 1956 and the second in 1964. In the 1950s and 1960s, while confusion about simplified characters was still rampant, transitional characters that mixed simplified parts with yet-to-be simplified parts of characters together appeared briefly, then disappeared.", "title": "Chinese characters" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Porters Falls (also Little Morgantown, Morgantown, or Porter's Falls) is an unincorporated community in Wetzel County, West Virginia, United States. It lies at an elevation of 682 feet (208 m).", "title": "Porters Falls, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units— a 5% population increase over 2000. The city is the third most densely populated large U.S. city of over half a million residents. Some 1.2 million persons may be within Boston's boundaries during work hours, and as many as 2 million during special events. This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Madison Porter III (1864–1928) was an American civil engineer notable for his role in designing two unique bridges across the Delaware River and for his development of the civil engineering program at Lafayette College. His grandfather, James Madison Porter, was one of the college's founders. Porter III served on the civil engineering faculty at Lafayette from 1890 to 1917 and was an early advocate for materials testing.", "title": "James Madison Porter III" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Master I. A. M. of Zwolle (known works 1470–1490, lifetime estimated as ca. 1440–1504) was an anonymous Dutch goldsmith and engraver who signed many of his works with his initials I. A. M. or I. A., and added \"Zwolle\" to some. His work is characterized by crowded and active scenes of people, graded tones and crisp strokes. Only 26 works by his hand are extant.", "title": "Master I. A. M. of Zwolle" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Something for the Boys is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter and a book by Herbert Fields and Dorothy Fields. Produced by Mike Todd, the show opened on Broadway in 1943 and starred Ethel Merman in her fifth Cole Porter musical.", "title": "Something for the Boys" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Will Burtin was a graphic designer from Cologne, Germany, known for interrelating design and scientific concepts within his exhibits. He was an influential designer, educator, and theorist in Germany and the United States. He arrived in the United States in 1939 after fleeing Nazism in Germany. In the U.S., he worked for Fortune Magazine and as an educator at Pratt Institute and the Parsons School of Design. He designed many exhibits for companies, such as Eastman Kodak, IBM, the Smithsonian, Mead Paper, Union Carbide, Herman Miller Furniture, and United States Information Agency. He received many awards and recognition for his work including a gold medal from AIGA. Many of his exhibits were reviewed in major consumer magazines, such as \"Newsweek\" and \"Life Magazine\". He was inducted into the Art Directors Club Hall of Fame in 1974. Will Burtin died on January 18, 1972, in Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. Burtin's cause of death was mesothelioma, cancer caused by exposure to asbestos.", "title": "Will Burtin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts, and some even owned substantial property, including slaves. In 1790, they established the Brown Fellowship Society for mutual aid, initially as a burial society. It continued until 1945.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Springfield Township is one of the sixteen townships of Ross County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 2,277 people in the township, 2,276 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township.", "title": "Springfield Township, Ross County, Ohio" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Society for Education through Art (USSEA) is an American national association whose members work in curriculum development, teaching and research related to art education and cultural differences, and who share interests in art educational content and strategies which promote tolerance and appreciation of the arts of non-mainstream cultural peoples. The mission of the society is to promote greater understanding and respect for learners from all ethnic, minority, and socio-cultural backgrounds through research, art curricula, instruction, and practices that are inclusive and culturally sensitive.", "title": "United States Society for Education through Art" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Self-portrait with Sir Endymion Porter is a self-portrait by Anthony van Dyck, showing him with his patron Sir Endymion Porter.", "title": "Self-portrait with Sir Endymion Porter" } ]	How many people work in the school where Ross Porter was educated?	11,900	[]	Title: Chinese characters Passage: Although most of the simplified Chinese characters in use today are the result of the works moderated by the government of the People's Republic of China in the 1950s and 60s, character simplification predates the republic's formation in 1949. One of the earliest proponents of character simplification was Lufei Kui, who proposed in 1909 that simplified characters should be used in education. In the years following the May Fourth Movement in 1919, many anti-imperialist Chinese intellectuals sought ways to modernise China. In the 1930s and 1940s, discussions on character simplification took place within the Kuomintang government, and many Chinese intellectuals and writers have long maintained that character simplification would help boost literacy in China. In many world languages, literacy has been promoted as a justification for spelling reforms. The People's Republic of China issued its first round of official character simplifications in two documents, the first in 1956 and the second in 1964. In the 1950s and 1960s, while confusion about simplified characters was still rampant, transitional characters that mixed simplified parts with yet-to-be simplified parts of characters together appeared briefly, then disappeared. Title: Springfield Township, Ross County, Ohio Passage: Springfield Township is one of the sixteen townships of Ross County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 2,277 people in the township, 2,276 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Title: United States Society for Education through Art Passage: The United States Society for Education through Art (USSEA) is an American national association whose members work in curriculum development, teaching and research related to art education and cultural differences, and who share interests in art educational content and strategies which promote tolerance and appreciation of the arts of non-mainstream cultural peoples. The mission of the society is to promote greater understanding and respect for learners from all ethnic, minority, and socio-cultural backgrounds through research, art curricula, instruction, and practices that are inclusive and culturally sensitive. Title: Porter Creek Centre Passage: Porter Creek Centre is an electoral district which returns a member (known as an MLA) to the Legislative Assembly of Yukon, Canada. It was created in 2002 out of the Whitehorse ridings of Porter Creek North and Porter Creek South. It encompasses the Whitehorse subdivision of Whistle Bend and part of the subdivision of Porter Creek. It is bordered by the ridings of Porter Creek South, Porter Creek North, and Riverdale North. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800). Title: Master I. A. M. of Zwolle Passage: Master I. A. M. of Zwolle (known works 1470–1490, lifetime estimated as ca. 1440–1504) was an anonymous Dutch goldsmith and engraver who signed many of his works with his initials I. A. M. or I. A., and added "Zwolle" to some. His work is characterized by crowded and active scenes of people, graded tones and crisp strokes. Only 26 works by his hand are extant. Title: James Madison Porter III Passage: James Madison Porter III (1864–1928) was an American civil engineer notable for his role in designing two unique bridges across the Delaware River and for his development of the civil engineering program at Lafayette College. His grandfather, James Madison Porter, was one of the college's founders. Porter III served on the civil engineering faculty at Lafayette from 1890 to 1917 and was an early advocate for materials testing. Title: Self-portrait with Sir Endymion Porter Passage: Self-portrait with Sir Endymion Porter is a self-portrait by Anthony van Dyck, showing him with his patron Sir Endymion Porter. Title: Boston Passage: In 2010, Boston was estimated to have 617,594 residents (a density of 12,200 persons/sq mile, or 4,700/km2) living in 272,481 housing units— a 5% population increase over 2000. The city is the third most densely populated large U.S. city of over half a million residents. Some 1.2 million persons may be within Boston's boundaries during work hours, and as many as 2 million during special events. This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events. Title: Ross Bay Cemetery Passage: Ross Bay Cemetery is located at 1516 Fairfield Road in Victoria, British Columbia, on Vancouver Island, Canada. Many historical figures from the early days of the province and colony of British Columbia are buried at Ross Bay. Title: Buckskin Township, Ross County, Ohio Passage: Buckskin Township is one of the sixteen townships of Ross County, Ohio, United States. The 2000 census found 1,040 people in the township, 827 of whom lived in the unincorporated portions of the township. Title: Jake Porter Passage: In 1951, Porter founded the label Combo Records, which was active until 1961 and released R&B and doo wop releases in addition to some jazz. Much of the material released on the label was recorded in Porter's basement, and he did a fair bit of songwriting for the releases in addition to recording duties. He did further touring as a bandleader in the 1950s, and freelanced in California in the 1960s. He and Mike Porter collaborated in Canada in 1964. He played less later in his life and concentrated on the business aspects of music, working for musicians' unions in the 1970s. However, he toured Europe in 1978 and still played in the 1980s. He died in Los Angeles at age 76. Title: Northern Life Museum Passage: The Northern Life Museum is in Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, Canada. The museum has a collection of over 13,000 artifacts representing the peoples and history of the North. Many of the artifacts were collected by the Oblate Fathers and the Grey Nuns during their missionary work in the North. Title: Porters Falls, West Virginia Passage: Porters Falls (also Little Morgantown, Morgantown, or Porter's Falls) is an unincorporated community in Wetzel County, West Virginia, United States. It lies at an elevation of 682 feet (208 m). Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts, and some even owned substantial property, including slaves. In 1790, they established the Brown Fellowship Society for mutual aid, initially as a burial society. It continued until 1945. Title: USS Porter (DDG-78) Passage: USS "Porter" (DDG-78) is an in the United States Navy. "Porter" is the fifth US Navy ship to be named after US Navy officers Commodore David Porter, and his son, Admiral David Dixon Porter. This ship is the 28th destroyer of her class. "Porter" was the 12th ship of this class to be built at Ingalls Shipbuilding in Pascagoula, Mississippi. She was laid down on 2 December 1996, launched and christened on 12 November 1997, and commissioned 20 March 1999, in Port Canaveral, Florida. Title: Will Burtin Passage: Will Burtin was a graphic designer from Cologne, Germany, known for interrelating design and scientific concepts within his exhibits. He was an influential designer, educator, and theorist in Germany and the United States. He arrived in the United States in 1939 after fleeing Nazism in Germany. In the U.S., he worked for Fortune Magazine and as an educator at Pratt Institute and the Parsons School of Design. He designed many exhibits for companies, such as Eastman Kodak, IBM, the Smithsonian, Mead Paper, Union Carbide, Herman Miller Furniture, and United States Information Agency. He received many awards and recognition for his work including a gold medal from AIGA. Many of his exhibits were reviewed in major consumer magazines, such as "Newsweek" and "Life Magazine". He was inducted into the Art Directors Club Hall of Fame in 1974. Will Burtin died on January 18, 1972, in Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. Burtin's cause of death was mesothelioma, cancer caused by exposure to asbestos. Title: Something for the Boys Passage: Something for the Boys is a musical with music and lyrics by Cole Porter and a book by Herbert Fields and Dorothy Fields. Produced by Mike Todd, the show opened on Broadway in 1943 and starred Ethel Merman in her fifth Cole Porter musical. Title: Ross Porter (sportscaster) Passage: Porter was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma, and graduated from Shawnee High School in 1955, then went on to earn a radio journalism degree at the University of Oklahoma. His broadcasting career began at age 14 when he broadcast a few innings in several games involving Shawnee's Class D baseball team, the Hawks, a Los Angeles Dodgers farm club, over KGFF. At age 15, Porter was elevated to play-by-play man of the Shawnee Wolves' football and basketball broadcasts and the Hawks when the regular announcer resigned. At a high school football game one night, Ross was introduced by his father to the legendary Jim Thorpe. Title: Tajikistan Passage: Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State University of Law, Business, & Politics, Khorugh State University, Agricultural University of Tajikistan, Tajik State National University, and several other institutions. Most, but not all, universities were established during the Soviet Era. As of 2008[update] tertiary education enrollment was 17%, significantly below the sub-regional average of 37%. Many Tajiks left the education system due to low demand in the labor market for people with extensive educational training or professional skills.	[ "Ross Porter (sportscaster)", "Oklahoma City" ]
2hop__268084_78303	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Name Portrayed by Occupation Seasons Pilot 5 6 7 8 Cordell Walker Chuck Norris Texas Ranger Main James Trivette Clarence Gilyard Texas Ranger Main Alexandra Cahill Sheree J. Wilson Assistant District Attorney Main CD Parker Gailard Sartain former Texas Ranger, bar owner Main Noble Willingham Main Raymond Firewalker Floyd Westerman, Apesanahkwat Walker's uncle Main Guest Trent Malloy Jimmy Wlcek karate instructor, private detective Recurring Main Carlos Sandoval Marco Sanchez police detective Recurring Main Francis Gage Judson Mills Texas Ranger Main Sydney Cooke Nia Peeples Texas Ranger Main", "title": "Walker, Texas Ranger" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Globe Life Field is a baseball park under construction in Arlington, Texas. It will serve as the home of the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball. Globe Life and Accident Insurance Company, a subsidiary of McKinney, Texas - based Torchmark Corporation, owns the naming rights for the facility through 2048. The new ballpark is going to be constructed across the street just south of Globe Life Park.", "title": "Globe Life Field" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Riding into the Sunset is a bronze sculpture by Electra Waggoner Biggs, depicting Will Rogers on his horse, Soapsuds. There are four castings, located in Fort Worth, Texas, Claremore, Oklahoma, Lubbock, Texas, and Dallas, Texas.", "title": "Riding into the Sunset" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1847 Colt Walker was the largest and most powerful black powder repeating handgun ever made. It was created in the mid-1840s in a collaboration between Texas Ranger Captain Samuel Hamilton Walker (1817 -- 47) and American firearms inventor Samuel Colt (1814 -- 62), building upon the earlier Colt Paterson design. Walker wanted a handgun that was extremely powerful at close range.", "title": "Colt Walker" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oscar Branch Colquitt (December 16, 1861 – March 8, 1940) was the 25th Governor of Texas from January 17, 1911 to January 19, 1915. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Gov. Colquitt defended the actions of the Texas Rangers who allegedly crossed into Mexico in pursuit of the body of Clemente Vergara in March 1914.", "title": "Oscar Branch Colquitt" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Power Rangers Turbo is an American television series created by Haim Saban and the fifth season of the Power Rangers franchise, began airing April 19, 1997 on Fox Kids. The series follows a group of teenagers chosen by the wise sage Zordon to become \"Power Rangers\" in order to stop evil from taking over the planet Earth. \"Turbo\" comprises 45 episodes and concluded its initial airing November 24, 1997. \"Turbo\" uses footage and elements from the Super Sentai series \"Gekisou Sentai Carranger\" and follows the annual Ranger suit change (started in \"Zeo\") to match the annual change of the Super Sentai series. Regular cast members during \"Turbo\" include Johnny Yong Bosch, Nakia Burrise, Blake Foster, Jason David Frank, Catherine Sutherland, Carol Hoyt, and Gregg Bullock. Part way through the season, Jason Narvy and Paul Schrier re-join the main cast, Bosch, Burrise, Frank, and Sutherland are replaced by Roger Velasco, Tracy Lynn Cruz, Selwyn Ward, and Patricia Ja Lee respectively. The four play new characters, but take on the previous characters' respective colors and powers. Hoyt continues to play Dimitria, but is later replaced by Hilary Shepard Turner for the role of Divatox.", "title": "List of Power Rangers Turbo episodes" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lourene Walker Barto (née Lourene Walker George; July 1, 1913 – July 23, 2004) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.", "title": "Lourene George" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "When the owner and proprietor of the Lucky Dragon casino in Hong Kong refuses to let mobsters take over his business he and his family are hit. Dragon's chief of security, Josh Randall (Chuck Norris) goes looking for the head of the syndicate to exact revenge for the murder of his employer, friend and mentor.", "title": "Forced Vengeance" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jay Silverheels achieved his greatest fame as Tonto on The Lone Ranger. The fictional story line maintains that a small group of Texas Rangers were massacred, with only a ``lone ''survivor. The Lone Ranger and Tonto then ride throughout the West to assist those challenged by the lawless element. Their expenses and bullets are provided through a silver mine owned by The Lone Ranger, who also names his horse`` Silver''. Being irreplaceable in his role, Silverheels appeared in the film sequels: The Lone Ranger (1956) and The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold (1958).", "title": "Jay Silverheels" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walker Peak is a sharp peak in Antarctica, 1,495 m, marking the southwest extremity of Dufek Massif, Pensacola Mountains. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1956-66. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Paul T. Walker, a glaciologist at Ellsworth Station and a member of the first party to visit Dufek Massif in December 1957.", "title": "Walker Peak" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Second Battle of Rivas occurred on 11 April 1856 between Costa Rican militia under General Mora and the Nicaraguan forces of William Walker. The lesser known First Battle of Rivas took place on the 29 June 1855 between Walker's forces and the forces of the Chamorro government of Nicaragua.", "title": "Second Battle of Rivas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Faded ''Single by Alan Walker Released 3 December 2015 Format CD vinyl digital download Recorded 2015 Genre Progressive house Length 3: 32 Label Mer Musikk Songwriter (s) Alan Walker Jesper Borgen Mood Melodies Gunnar Greve Producer (s) Alan Walker Jesper Borgen Mood Melodies Alan Walker singles chronology`` Force'' (2015) ``Faded ''(2015)`` Sing Me to Sleep'' (2016) ``Force ''(2015)`` Faded'' (2015) ``Sing Me to Sleep ''(2016) Music video`` Faded'' on YouTube", "title": "Faded (Alan Walker song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tales of the Texas Rangers is a 20th century Western old-time radio and television police procedural drama which originally aired on NBC Radio from 1950 to 1952 and later on CBS Television from 1955 to 1958. Film star Joel McCrea voiced the radio version as the fictitious Texas Ranger Jace Pearson, who uses the latest scientific techniques to identify criminals. His faithful horse, Charcoal (or \"Charky\"), helps Pearson to track down the culprits. The radio shows, some of which are available on the Internet, are reenactments of actual Texas Ranger cases.", "title": "Tales of the Texas Rangers" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Power Rangers Mystic Force is an American television series and the fourteenth season of the \"Power Rangers\" franchise, based on the \"Super Sentai\" series, \"Mahou Sentai Magiranger\". As with all \"Power Rangers\" series, the show is adapted from a series in the long-running Japanese tokusatsu franchise.", "title": "Power Rangers Mystic Force" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Charlotte Rangers, based in Port Charlotte, Florida, were an American minor league baseball team that existed from 1987 through 2002. The team played at Charlotte County Stadium as a Class A Florida State League affiliate of the Texas Rangers, who at the time made their spring training base in Port Charlotte.", "title": "Charlotte Rangers" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sheree Julienne Wilson (born on December 12, 1958) is an American actress, producer, businesswoman, and model. She is best known for her roles as April Stevens Ewing on the American primetime television series Dallas (1986 -- 1991) and as Alex Cahill - Walker on the television series Walker, Texas Ranger (1993 -- 2001).", "title": "Sheree J. Wilson" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "However, the Texas Rangers were not formally constituted until 1835. Austin returned to Texas after having been imprisoned in Mexico City and helped organize a council to govern the group. On October 17, at a consultation of the Provisional Government of Texas, Daniel Parker proposed a resolution to establish the Texas Rangers. He proposed creating three companies that would total some 60 men and would be known by ``uniforms ''consisting of a light duster (clothing) and an identification badge made from a Mexican Peso. They were instituted by Texan lawmakers on November 24. On November 28, 1835 Robert McAlpin Williamson was chosen to be the first Major of the Texas Rangers. Within two years the Rangers grew to more than 300 men.", "title": "History of the Texas Ranger Division" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sheree Julienne Wilson (born December 12, 1958) is an American actress, producer, businesswoman, and model. She is best known for her roles as April Stevens Ewing on the American primetime television series Dallas (1986 -- 1991) and as Alex Cahill - Walker on the television series Walker, Texas Ranger (1993 -- 2001).", "title": "Sheree J. Wilson" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wayne Dehart is an American actor of film and television who has been onscreen since the 1980s. He has appeared in such films as \"RoboCop 2\", \"A Perfect World\" and \"Looper\" and such television programs as \"Walker, Texas Ranger\", \"Prison Break\" and \"Breaking Bad\" (episode \"Blood Money\").", "title": "Wayne Dehart" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Temple Summers II, is an American artist, (born August 13, 1940) in Cleburne, Texas. Summers, who works as a painter and sculptor, has created prominent bronze works displayed in places such as the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame Museum, the Dallas Pioneer Park the Loews Anatole Hotel, Fair Park, Los Angeles International Airport, and Plano Texas' Baccus Plaza .", "title": "Robert Summers (artist)" } ]	What was the name of the star of Forced Vengeance in Walter, Texas Ranger?	Cordell Walker	[]	Title: Walker, Texas Ranger Passage: Name Portrayed by Occupation Seasons Pilot 5 6 7 8 Cordell Walker Chuck Norris Texas Ranger Main James Trivette Clarence Gilyard Texas Ranger Main Alexandra Cahill Sheree J. Wilson Assistant District Attorney Main CD Parker Gailard Sartain former Texas Ranger, bar owner Main Noble Willingham Main Raymond Firewalker Floyd Westerman, Apesanahkwat Walker's uncle Main Guest Trent Malloy Jimmy Wlcek karate instructor, private detective Recurring Main Carlos Sandoval Marco Sanchez police detective Recurring Main Francis Gage Judson Mills Texas Ranger Main Sydney Cooke Nia Peeples Texas Ranger Main Title: List of Power Rangers Turbo episodes Passage: Power Rangers Turbo is an American television series created by Haim Saban and the fifth season of the Power Rangers franchise, began airing April 19, 1997 on Fox Kids. The series follows a group of teenagers chosen by the wise sage Zordon to become "Power Rangers" in order to stop evil from taking over the planet Earth. "Turbo" comprises 45 episodes and concluded its initial airing November 24, 1997. "Turbo" uses footage and elements from the Super Sentai series "Gekisou Sentai Carranger" and follows the annual Ranger suit change (started in "Zeo") to match the annual change of the Super Sentai series. Regular cast members during "Turbo" include Johnny Yong Bosch, Nakia Burrise, Blake Foster, Jason David Frank, Catherine Sutherland, Carol Hoyt, and Gregg Bullock. Part way through the season, Jason Narvy and Paul Schrier re-join the main cast, Bosch, Burrise, Frank, and Sutherland are replaced by Roger Velasco, Tracy Lynn Cruz, Selwyn Ward, and Patricia Ja Lee respectively. The four play new characters, but take on the previous characters' respective colors and powers. Hoyt continues to play Dimitria, but is later replaced by Hilary Shepard Turner for the role of Divatox. Title: Sheree J. Wilson Passage: Sheree Julienne Wilson (born December 12, 1958) is an American actress, producer, businesswoman, and model. She is best known for her roles as April Stevens Ewing on the American primetime television series Dallas (1986 -- 1991) and as Alex Cahill - Walker on the television series Walker, Texas Ranger (1993 -- 2001). Title: Wayne Dehart Passage: Wayne Dehart is an American actor of film and television who has been onscreen since the 1980s. He has appeared in such films as "RoboCop 2", "A Perfect World" and "Looper" and such television programs as "Walker, Texas Ranger", "Prison Break" and "Breaking Bad" (episode "Blood Money"). Title: Sheree J. Wilson Passage: Sheree Julienne Wilson (born on December 12, 1958) is an American actress, producer, businesswoman, and model. She is best known for her roles as April Stevens Ewing on the American primetime television series Dallas (1986 -- 1991) and as Alex Cahill - Walker on the television series Walker, Texas Ranger (1993 -- 2001). Title: Oscar Branch Colquitt Passage: Oscar Branch Colquitt (December 16, 1861 – March 8, 1940) was the 25th Governor of Texas from January 17, 1911 to January 19, 1915. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Gov. Colquitt defended the actions of the Texas Rangers who allegedly crossed into Mexico in pursuit of the body of Clemente Vergara in March 1914. Title: Forced Vengeance Passage: When the owner and proprietor of the Lucky Dragon casino in Hong Kong refuses to let mobsters take over his business he and his family are hit. Dragon's chief of security, Josh Randall (Chuck Norris) goes looking for the head of the syndicate to exact revenge for the murder of his employer, friend and mentor. Title: Charlotte Rangers Passage: The Charlotte Rangers, based in Port Charlotte, Florida, were an American minor league baseball team that existed from 1987 through 2002. The team played at Charlotte County Stadium as a Class A Florida State League affiliate of the Texas Rangers, who at the time made their spring training base in Port Charlotte. Title: Power Rangers Mystic Force Passage: Power Rangers Mystic Force is an American television series and the fourteenth season of the "Power Rangers" franchise, based on the "Super Sentai" series, "Mahou Sentai Magiranger". As with all "Power Rangers" series, the show is adapted from a series in the long-running Japanese tokusatsu franchise. Title: Walker Peak Passage: Walker Peak is a sharp peak in Antarctica, 1,495 m, marking the southwest extremity of Dufek Massif, Pensacola Mountains. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1956-66. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Paul T. Walker, a glaciologist at Ellsworth Station and a member of the first party to visit Dufek Massif in December 1957. Title: Riding into the Sunset Passage: Riding into the Sunset is a bronze sculpture by Electra Waggoner Biggs, depicting Will Rogers on his horse, Soapsuds. There are four castings, located in Fort Worth, Texas, Claremore, Oklahoma, Lubbock, Texas, and Dallas, Texas. Title: Colt Walker Passage: The 1847 Colt Walker was the largest and most powerful black powder repeating handgun ever made. It was created in the mid-1840s in a collaboration between Texas Ranger Captain Samuel Hamilton Walker (1817 -- 47) and American firearms inventor Samuel Colt (1814 -- 62), building upon the earlier Colt Paterson design. Walker wanted a handgun that was extremely powerful at close range. Title: Robert Summers (artist) Passage: Robert Temple Summers II, is an American artist, (born August 13, 1940) in Cleburne, Texas. Summers, who works as a painter and sculptor, has created prominent bronze works displayed in places such as the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame Museum, the Dallas Pioneer Park the Loews Anatole Hotel, Fair Park, Los Angeles International Airport, and Plano Texas' Baccus Plaza . Title: Globe Life Field Passage: Globe Life Field is a baseball park under construction in Arlington, Texas. It will serve as the home of the Texas Rangers of Major League Baseball. Globe Life and Accident Insurance Company, a subsidiary of McKinney, Texas - based Torchmark Corporation, owns the naming rights for the facility through 2048. The new ballpark is going to be constructed across the street just south of Globe Life Park. Title: Jay Silverheels Passage: Jay Silverheels achieved his greatest fame as Tonto on The Lone Ranger. The fictional story line maintains that a small group of Texas Rangers were massacred, with only a ``lone ''survivor. The Lone Ranger and Tonto then ride throughout the West to assist those challenged by the lawless element. Their expenses and bullets are provided through a silver mine owned by The Lone Ranger, who also names his horse`` Silver''. Being irreplaceable in his role, Silverheels appeared in the film sequels: The Lone Ranger (1956) and The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold (1958). Title: Second Battle of Rivas Passage: The Second Battle of Rivas occurred on 11 April 1856 between Costa Rican militia under General Mora and the Nicaraguan forces of William Walker. The lesser known First Battle of Rivas took place on the 29 June 1855 between Walker's forces and the forces of the Chamorro government of Nicaragua. Title: Faded (Alan Walker song) Passage: ``Faded ''Single by Alan Walker Released 3 December 2015 Format CD vinyl digital download Recorded 2015 Genre Progressive house Length 3: 32 Label Mer Musikk Songwriter (s) Alan Walker Jesper Borgen Mood Melodies Gunnar Greve Producer (s) Alan Walker Jesper Borgen Mood Melodies Alan Walker singles chronology`` Force'' (2015) ``Faded ''(2015)`` Sing Me to Sleep'' (2016) ``Force ''(2015)`` Faded'' (2015) ``Sing Me to Sleep ''(2016) Music video`` Faded'' on YouTube Title: History of the Texas Ranger Division Passage: However, the Texas Rangers were not formally constituted until 1835. Austin returned to Texas after having been imprisoned in Mexico City and helped organize a council to govern the group. On October 17, at a consultation of the Provisional Government of Texas, Daniel Parker proposed a resolution to establish the Texas Rangers. He proposed creating three companies that would total some 60 men and would be known by ``uniforms ''consisting of a light duster (clothing) and an identification badge made from a Mexican Peso. They were instituted by Texan lawmakers on November 24. On November 28, 1835 Robert McAlpin Williamson was chosen to be the first Major of the Texas Rangers. Within two years the Rangers grew to more than 300 men. Title: Tales of the Texas Rangers Passage: Tales of the Texas Rangers is a 20th century Western old-time radio and television police procedural drama which originally aired on NBC Radio from 1950 to 1952 and later on CBS Television from 1955 to 1958. Film star Joel McCrea voiced the radio version as the fictitious Texas Ranger Jace Pearson, who uses the latest scientific techniques to identify criminals. His faithful horse, Charcoal (or "Charky"), helps Pearson to track down the culprits. The radio shows, some of which are available on the Internet, are reenactments of actual Texas Ranger cases. Title: Lourene George Passage: Lourene Walker Barto (née Lourene Walker George; July 1, 1913 – July 23, 2004) is a former Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.	[ "Walker, Texas Ranger", "Forced Vengeance" ]
2hop__818302_25719	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put down the disorder, was killed fighting the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378. As well as the threat from such tribal confederacies from the north, internal divisions within the empire, especially within the Christian Church, caused problems. In 400, the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and, although briefly forced back from Italy, in 410 sacked the city of Rome. In 406 the Alans, Vandals, and Suevi crossed into Gaul; over the next three years they spread across Gaul and in 409 crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into modern-day Spain. The Migration Period began, where various people, initially largely Germanic peoples, moved across Europe. The Franks, Alemanni, and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settled in Britain. In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire; their king Attila (r. 434–453) led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447, Gaul in 451, and Italy in 452. The Hunnic threat remained until Attila's death in 453, when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart. These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Germanic tribes are thought to date from the Nordic Bronze Age or the Pre-Roman Iron Age. From southern Scandinavia and north Germany, they expanded south, east and west from the 1st century BC, coming into contact with the Celtic tribes of Gaul as well as Iranian, Baltic, and Slavic tribes in Central and Eastern Europe. Under Augustus, Rome began to invade Germania (an area extending roughly from the Rhine to the Ural Mountains). In 9 AD, three Roman legions led by Varus were defeated by the Cheruscan leader Arminius. By 100 AD, when Tacitus wrote Germania, Germanic tribes had settled along the Rhine and the Danube (the Limes Germanicus), occupying most of the area of modern Germany. However, Austria, Baden Württemberg, southern Bavaria, southern Hessen and the western Rhineland had been conquered and incorporated into Roman provinces: Noricum, Raetia, Germania Superior, and Germania Inferior.", "title": "Germany" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster, effectively ending the European wars of religion. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War (1618 -- 1648) in the Holy Roman Empire between the Habsburgs and their Catholic allies on one side and the Protestant powers (Sweden, Denmark, Dutch, and Holy Roman principalities) and their Catholic (France) Anti-Habsburg allies on the other. The treaties also ended the Eighty Years' War (1568 -- 1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognising the independence of the Dutch Republic.", "title": "Peace of Westphalia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Bärwalde (; ; ) of 23 January 1631 was a treaty concluding an alliance between the Swedish Empire and the Kingdom of France during the Thirty Years' War, shortly after Sweden had invaded Northern Germany then occupied by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor's forces. The treaty obliged Sweden to maintain an army of 36,000 troops, and France to fund the Swedish army with an annually 400,000 Reichsthalers.", "title": "Treaty of Bärwalde" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire.", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their base on the north bank of the Danube; by the end of the 6th century they were the dominant power in Central Europe and routinely able to force the eastern emperors to pay tribute. They remained a strong power until 796. An additional problem to face the empire came as a result of the involvement of Emperor Maurice (r. 582–602) in Persian politics when he intervened in a succession dispute. This led to a period of peace, but when Maurice was overthrown, the Persians invaded and during the reign of Emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641) controlled large chunks of the empire, including Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor, until Heraclius' successful counterattack. In 628 the empire secured a peace treaty and recovered all of its lost territories.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD. At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons.", "title": "British Isles" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The capture of the city (and two other Byzantine splinter territories soon thereafter) marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire, an imperial state dating to 27 BC, which had lasted for nearly 1,500 years. The conquest of Constantinople also dealt a massive blow to Christendom, as the Muslim Ottoman armies thereafter were left unchecked to advance into Europe without an adversary to their rear.", "title": "Fall of Constantinople" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between AD 69 and 70. It was an uprising against the Roman Empire started by the Batavi, a small but militarily powerful Germanic tribe that inhabited Batavia, on the delta of the river Rhine. They were soon joined by the Celtic tribes from Gallia Belgica and some Germanic tribes.", "title": "Revolt of the Batavi" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as \"invasions\", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the western Roman elites to support the army or pay the taxes that would have allowed the military to suppress the migration. The emperors of the 5th century were often controlled by military strongmen such as Stilicho (d. 408), Aspar (d. 471), Ricimer (d. 472), or Gundobad (d. 516), who were partly or fully of non-Roman background. When the line of western emperors ceased, many of the kings who replaced them were from the same background. Intermarriage between the new kings and the Roman elites was common. This led to a fusion of Roman culture with the customs of the invading tribes, including the popular assemblies that allowed free male tribal members more say in political matters than was common in the Roman state. Material artefacts left by the Romans and the invaders are often similar, and tribal items were often modelled on Roman objects. Much of the scholarly and written culture of the new kingdoms was also based on Roman intellectual traditions. An important difference was the gradual loss of tax revenue by the new polities. Many of the new political entities no longer supported their armies through taxes, instead relying on granting them land or rents. This meant there was less need for large tax revenues and so the taxation systems decayed. Warfare was common between and within the kingdoms. Slavery declined as the supply weakened, and society became more rural.[F]", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lower Lusatia (; ; ; ; ) is a historical region in Central Europe, stretching from the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg to the southwest of Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland. Like adjacent Upper Lusatia in the south, Lower Lusatia is a settlement area of the West Slavic Sorbs whose endangered Lower Sorbian language is related to Upper Sorbian and Polish.", "title": "Lower Lusatia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Parthian Empire (; 247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran. Its latter name comes from Arsaces I of Parthia who, as leader of the Parni tribe, founded it in the mid-3rd century BC when he conquered the region of Parthia in Iran's northeast, modern-day Turkmenistan and north-western Afghanistan. Then a satrapy (province) under Andragoras, in rebellion against the Seleucid Empire; Mithridates I of Parthia (r. c. 171–138 BC) greatly expanded the empire by seizing Media and Mesopotamia from the Seleucids. At its height, the Parthian Empire stretched from the northern reaches of the Euphrates, in what is now central-eastern Turkey, to western Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan. The empire, located on the Silk Road trade route between the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean Basin and the Han dynasty of China, became a center of trade and commerce.", "title": "Parthian Empire" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered. The victory of the Germanic tribes in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) prevented annexation by the Roman Empire, although the Roman provinces of Germania Superior and Germania Inferior were established along the Rhine. Following the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Franks conquered the other West Germanic tribes. When the Frankish Empire was divided among Charlemagne's heirs in 843, the eastern part became East Francia. In 962, Otto I became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the medieval German state.", "title": "History of Germany" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.", "title": "Palermo" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the course of his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice: in 55 and 54 BC. The first invasion, in late summer, was unsuccessful, gaining the Romans little else besides a beachhead on the coast of Kent. The second invasion achieved more: the Romans installed a king, Mandubracius, who was friendly to Rome, and they forced the submission of Mandubracius's rival, Cassivellaunus. No territory was conquered and held for Rome; instead, all Roman - occupied territory was restored to the allied Trinovantes, along with the promised tribute of the other tribes in what is now eastern England.", "title": "Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Contrarily, having so firmly entrenched themselves into Greek affairs, the Romans now completely ignored the rapidly disintegrating Seleucid empire (perhaps because it posed no threat); and left the Ptolemaic kingdom to decline quietly, while acting as a protector of sorts, in as much as to stop other powers taking Egypt over (including the famous line-in-the-sand incident when the Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes tried to invade Egypt). Eventually, instability in the near east resulting from the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Seleucid empire caused the Roman proconsul Pompey the Great to abolish the Seleucid rump state, absorbing much of Syria into the Roman republic. Famously, the end of Ptolemaic Egypt came as the final act in the republican civil war between the Roman triumvirs Mark Anthony and Augustus Caesar. After the defeat of Anthony and his lover, the last Ptolemaic monarch, Cleopatra VII at the Battle of Actium, Augustus invaded Egypt and took it as his own personal fiefdom. He thereby completed both the destruction of the Hellenistic kingdoms and the Roman republic, and ended (in hindsight) the Hellenistic era.", "title": "Hellenistic period" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control.", "title": "Galicia (Spain)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help. The Romans met the Gauls in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC. The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off. Romans and Gauls continued to war intermittently in Italy for more than two centuries.[relevant? – discuss]", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Gaul (current southern France) and Illyria (part of the modern Balkans). Not content with an idle governorship, Caesar strove to find reason to invade Gaul (modern France and Belgium), which would give him the dramatic military success he sought. When two local tribes began to migrate on a route that would take them near (not into) the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul, Caesar had the barely sufficient excuse he needed for his Gallic Wars, fought between 58 BC and 49 BC.", "title": "Roman Republic" } ]	At the end of which year did the tribes from the location of the Lusatia invade the Roman Empire?	406	[]	Title: Slavs Passage: The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire. Title: Parthian Empire Passage: The Parthian Empire (; 247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire (), was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran. Its latter name comes from Arsaces I of Parthia who, as leader of the Parni tribe, founded it in the mid-3rd century BC when he conquered the region of Parthia in Iran's northeast, modern-day Turkmenistan and north-western Afghanistan. Then a satrapy (province) under Andragoras, in rebellion against the Seleucid Empire; Mithridates I of Parthia (r. c. 171–138 BC) greatly expanded the empire by seizing Media and Mesopotamia from the Seleucids. At its height, the Parthian Empire stretched from the northern reaches of the Euphrates, in what is now central-eastern Turkey, to western Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan. The empire, located on the Silk Road trade route between the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean Basin and the Han dynasty of China, became a center of trade and commerce. Title: Lower Lusatia Passage: Lower Lusatia (; ; ; ; ) is a historical region in Central Europe, stretching from the southeast of the German state of Brandenburg to the southwest of Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland. Like adjacent Upper Lusatia in the south, Lower Lusatia is a settlement area of the West Slavic Sorbs whose endangered Lower Sorbian language is related to Upper Sorbian and Polish. Title: Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain Passage: In the course of his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice: in 55 and 54 BC. The first invasion, in late summer, was unsuccessful, gaining the Romans little else besides a beachhead on the coast of Kent. The second invasion achieved more: the Romans installed a king, Mandubracius, who was friendly to Rome, and they forced the submission of Mandubracius's rival, Cassivellaunus. No territory was conquered and held for Rome; instead, all Roman - occupied territory was restored to the allied Trinovantes, along with the promised tribute of the other tribes in what is now eastern England. Title: Germans Passage: The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans. Title: Germany Passage: The Germanic tribes are thought to date from the Nordic Bronze Age or the Pre-Roman Iron Age. From southern Scandinavia and north Germany, they expanded south, east and west from the 1st century BC, coming into contact with the Celtic tribes of Gaul as well as Iranian, Baltic, and Slavic tribes in Central and Eastern Europe. Under Augustus, Rome began to invade Germania (an area extending roughly from the Rhine to the Ural Mountains). In 9 AD, three Roman legions led by Varus were defeated by the Cheruscan leader Arminius. By 100 AD, when Tacitus wrote Germania, Germanic tribes had settled along the Rhine and the Danube (the Limes Germanicus), occupying most of the area of modern Germany. However, Austria, Baden Württemberg, southern Bavaria, southern Hessen and the western Rhineland had been conquered and incorporated into Roman provinces: Noricum, Raetia, Germania Superior, and Germania Inferior. Title: Roman Republic Passage: By 390 BC, several Gallic tribes were invading Italy from the north as their culture expanded throughout Europe. The Romans were alerted to this when a particularly warlike tribe invaded two Etruscan towns close to Rome's sphere of influence. These towns, overwhelmed by the enemy's numbers and ferocity, called on Rome for help. The Romans met the Gauls in pitched battle at the Battle of Allia River around 390–387 BC. The Gauls, led by chieftain Brennus, defeated the Roman army of approximately 15,000 troops, pursued the fleeing Romans back to Rome, and sacked the city before being either driven off or bought off. Romans and Gauls continued to war intermittently in Italy for more than two centuries.[relevant? – discuss] Title: Revolt of the Batavi Passage: The Revolt of the Batavi took place in the Roman province of Germania Inferior between AD 69 and 70. It was an uprising against the Roman Empire started by the Batavi, a small but militarily powerful Germanic tribe that inhabited Batavia, on the delta of the river Rhine. They were soon joined by the Celtic tribes from Gallia Belgica and some Germanic tribes. Title: Middle Ages Passage: In the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to expand from their base on the north bank of the Danube; by the end of the 6th century they were the dominant power in Central Europe and routinely able to force the eastern emperors to pay tribute. They remained a strong power until 796. An additional problem to face the empire came as a result of the involvement of Emperor Maurice (r. 582–602) in Persian politics when he intervened in a succession dispute. This led to a period of peace, but when Maurice was overthrown, the Persians invaded and during the reign of Emperor Heraclius (r. 610–641) controlled large chunks of the empire, including Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor, until Heraclius' successful counterattack. In 628 the empire secured a peace treaty and recovered all of its lost territories. Title: Roman Republic Passage: During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Gaul (current southern France) and Illyria (part of the modern Balkans). Not content with an idle governorship, Caesar strove to find reason to invade Gaul (modern France and Belgium), which would give him the dramatic military success he sought. When two local tribes began to migrate on a route that would take them near (not into) the Roman province of Transalpine Gaul, Caesar had the barely sufficient excuse he needed for his Gallic Wars, fought between 58 BC and 49 BC. Title: Galicia (Spain) Passage: In the early 5th century, the deep crisis suffered by the Roman Empire allowed different tribes of Central Europe (Suebi, Vandals and Alani) to cross the Rhine and penetrate into the rule on 31 December 406. Its progress towards the Iberian Peninsula forced the Roman authorities to establish a treaty (foedus) by which the Suebi would settle peacefully and govern Galicia as imperial allies. So, from 409 Galicia was taken by the Suebi, forming the first medieval kingdom to be created in Europe, in 411, even before the fall of the Roman Empire, being also the first Germanic kingdom to mint coinage in Roman lands. During this period a Briton colony and bishopric (see Mailoc) was established in Northern Galicia (Britonia), probably as foederati and allies of the Suebi. In 585, the Visigothic King Leovigild invaded the Suebic kingdom of Galicia and defeated it, bringing it under Visigoth control. Title: Treaty of Bärwalde Passage: The Treaty of Bärwalde (; ; ) of 23 January 1631 was a treaty concluding an alliance between the Swedish Empire and the Kingdom of France during the Thirty Years' War, shortly after Sweden had invaded Northern Germany then occupied by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor's forces. The treaty obliged Sweden to maintain an army of 36,000 troops, and France to fund the Swedish army with an annually 400,000 Reichsthalers. Title: Middle Ages Passage: The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the western Roman elites to support the army or pay the taxes that would have allowed the military to suppress the migration. The emperors of the 5th century were often controlled by military strongmen such as Stilicho (d. 408), Aspar (d. 471), Ricimer (d. 472), or Gundobad (d. 516), who were partly or fully of non-Roman background. When the line of western emperors ceased, many of the kings who replaced them were from the same background. Intermarriage between the new kings and the Roman elites was common. This led to a fusion of Roman culture with the customs of the invading tribes, including the popular assemblies that allowed free male tribal members more say in political matters than was common in the Roman state. Material artefacts left by the Romans and the invaders are often similar, and tribal items were often modelled on Roman objects. Much of the scholarly and written culture of the new kingdoms was also based on Roman intellectual traditions. An important difference was the gradual loss of tax revenue by the new polities. Many of the new political entities no longer supported their armies through taxes, instead relying on granting them land or rents. This meant there was less need for large tax revenues and so the taxation systems decayed. Warfare was common between and within the kingdoms. Slavery declined as the supply weakened, and society became more rural.[F] Title: Palermo Passage: As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by Eastern Emperor. Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years. Title: Hellenistic period Passage: Contrarily, having so firmly entrenched themselves into Greek affairs, the Romans now completely ignored the rapidly disintegrating Seleucid empire (perhaps because it posed no threat); and left the Ptolemaic kingdom to decline quietly, while acting as a protector of sorts, in as much as to stop other powers taking Egypt over (including the famous line-in-the-sand incident when the Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes tried to invade Egypt). Eventually, instability in the near east resulting from the power vacuum left by the collapse of the Seleucid empire caused the Roman proconsul Pompey the Great to abolish the Seleucid rump state, absorbing much of Syria into the Roman republic. Famously, the end of Ptolemaic Egypt came as the final act in the republican civil war between the Roman triumvirs Mark Anthony and Augustus Caesar. After the defeat of Anthony and his lover, the last Ptolemaic monarch, Cleopatra VII at the Battle of Actium, Augustus invaded Egypt and took it as his own personal fiefdom. He thereby completed both the destruction of the Hellenistic kingdoms and the Roman republic, and ended (in hindsight) the Hellenistic era. Title: Middle Ages Passage: In 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, attempting to put down the disorder, was killed fighting the Ostrogoths at the Battle of Adrianople on 9 August 378. As well as the threat from such tribal confederacies from the north, internal divisions within the empire, especially within the Christian Church, caused problems. In 400, the Visigoths invaded the Western Roman Empire and, although briefly forced back from Italy, in 410 sacked the city of Rome. In 406 the Alans, Vandals, and Suevi crossed into Gaul; over the next three years they spread across Gaul and in 409 crossed the Pyrenees Mountains into modern-day Spain. The Migration Period began, where various people, initially largely Germanic peoples, moved across Europe. The Franks, Alemanni, and the Burgundians all ended up in northern Gaul while the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes settled in Britain. In the 430s the Huns began invading the empire; their king Attila (r. 434–453) led invasions into the Balkans in 442 and 447, Gaul in 451, and Italy in 452. The Hunnic threat remained until Attila's death in 453, when the Hunnic confederation he led fell apart. These invasions by the tribes completely changed the political and demographic nature of what had been the Western Roman Empire. Title: Peace of Westphalia Passage: The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster, effectively ending the European wars of religion. These treaties ended the Thirty Years' War (1618 -- 1648) in the Holy Roman Empire between the Habsburgs and their Catholic allies on one side and the Protestant powers (Sweden, Denmark, Dutch, and Holy Roman principalities) and their Catholic (France) Anti-Habsburg allies on the other. The treaties also ended the Eighty Years' War (1568 -- 1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic, with Spain formally recognising the independence of the Dutch Republic. Title: Fall of Constantinople Passage: The capture of the city (and two other Byzantine splinter territories soon thereafter) marked the end of the Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire, an imperial state dating to 27 BC, which had lasted for nearly 1,500 years. The conquest of Constantinople also dealt a massive blow to Christendom, as the Muslim Ottoman armies thereafter were left unchecked to advance into Europe without an adversary to their rear. Title: History of Germany Passage: The concept of Germany as a distinct region in central Europe can be traced to Roman commander Julius Caesar, who referred to the unconquered area east of the Rhine as Germania, thus distinguishing it from Gaul (France), which he had conquered. The victory of the Germanic tribes in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9) prevented annexation by the Roman Empire, although the Roman provinces of Germania Superior and Germania Inferior were established along the Rhine. Following the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Franks conquered the other West Germanic tribes. When the Frankish Empire was divided among Charlemagne's heirs in 843, the eastern part became East Francia. In 962, Otto I became the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, the medieval German state. Title: British Isles Passage: At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD. At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons.	[ "Lower Lusatia", "Galicia (Spain)" ]
2hop__728969_131890	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mills in Glossop, Derbyshire and Tintwistle, Cheshire, England.The first mills were built in the 1760s, and were powered by the water of the River Etherow and its tributaries. As the industry developed, the mills changed hands, were demolished, were converted to use steam,or consolidated into larger units. They changed their names and their functions. Water powered mills were smaller than the later steam powered mills found in Greater Manchester.", "title": "List of mills in Longdendale and Glossopdale" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park.", "title": "Walker Pond" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water.", "title": "Potamogeton amplifolius" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clipper Mills (also, Clipper Mill) is a census-designated place in Butte County, California. It lies at an elevation of 3550 feet (1082 m). Clipper Mills has a post office, first established in 1861 and moved in 1891. Its zip code is 95930. Clipper Mills's population was 142 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Clipper Mills, California" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Donja Badanja (Serbian Cyrillic: Доња Бадања, meaning 'a wooden pipe made of a hollowed trunk', often used to direct water on the wheel of a water-mill) is a village in western Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Loznica, in the Mačva District. Donja Badanja's current population is 510 (2002 census). According to 1991 census population was 670.", "title": "Donja Badanja" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Perkins Tide Mill was one of the last surviving 18th-century tide mills in the United States. Located on Mill Lane in Kennebunkport, Maine, it was built in 1749 and operated until 1939. It was destroyed by an arsonist in 1994. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, the property's present owners, the Kennebunkport Conservation Trust, are contemplating construction of a replica.", "title": "Perkins Tide Mill" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date back to the 7th century, while horizontal-wheeled and vertical-wheeled water mills were both in widespread use since at least the 9th century. A variety of industrial mills were being employed in the Islamic world, including early fulling mills, gristmills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills and windmills. By the 11th century, every province throughout the Islamic world had these industrial mills in operation, from al-Andalus and North Africa to the Middle East and Central Asia. Muslim engineers also invented crankshafts and water turbines, employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and pioneered the use of dams as a source of water power, used to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines. Such advances made it possible for industrial tasks that were previously driven by manual labour in ancient times to be mechanized and driven by machinery instead in the medieval Islamic world. The transfer of these technologies to medieval Europe had an influence on the Industrial Revolution.", "title": "Muslim world" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss (1860), Mr Tulliver uses the phrase in discussing Daniel Defoe's The History of the Devil, saying how it was beautifully bound.", "title": "Don't judge a book by its cover" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "George Robert Mills (born 29 December 1908 in Deptford, died 15 July 1970) was an English footballer, principally for Chelsea.", "title": "George Mills (footballer)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia.", "title": "Sea of Sardinia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The vagina is a fibromuscular (made up of fibrous and muscular tissue) canal leading from the outside of the body to the cervix of the uterus or womb. It is also referred to as the birth canal in the context of pregnancy. The vagina accommodates the male penis during sexual intercourse. Semen containing spermatazoa is ejaculated from the male at orgasm, into the vagina potentially enabling fertilization of the egg cell (ovum) to take place.", "title": "Female reproductive system" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tenth Avenue Angel is a 1948 American film directed by Roy Rowland and starring Margaret O'Brien, Angela Lansbury, and George Murphy. It chronicles the life and family of Flavia Mills (Margaret O'Brien) in the late 1930s. Filming took place 11 March–15 May 1946, with retakes in April 1947. However, the film was not released until February 20, 1948.", "title": "Tenth Avenue Angel" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lenoir Cotton Mill was a 19th-century cotton mill located in the U.S. city of Lenoir City, Tennessee. One of the earliest examples of industrial architecture in Tennessee, the mill operated variously from its construction around 1830 until the 1950s. The mill was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in the 1970s. Efforts to restore the mill began in 1980, but before the restoration could be completed, the mill was destroyed by arson in 1991.", "title": "Lenoir Cotton Mill" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Edward T. Archibald House is a historic farmhouse in Dundas, Minnesota, United States. The private home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on June 17, 1976. Built in the 1860s, the farmhouse is significant for its association with the prominent miller Edward T. Archibald, whose nearby Archibald Mill was an important mill in the history of Minnesota's flour milling industry.", "title": "Edward T. Archibald House" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Deptford borders the areas of Brockley and Lewisham to the south, New Cross to the west and Rotherhithe to the north west; Deptford Creek divides it from Greenwich to the east, and the River Thames separates the area from the Isle of Dogs to the north east; it is contained within the London SE8 post code area. The area referred to as North Deptford is the only part of the London Borough of Lewisham to front the Thames and is sandwiched between Rotherhithe and Greenwich. Much of this riverside estate is populated by the former Naval Dockyards, now known as Convoys Wharf, the Pepys Estate and some eastern fringes of the old Surrey Commercial Docks.", "title": "Deptford" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 1st edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place between 18–22 August in Budapest, Hungary as an integrated part of the 1926 European Aquatics Championships.", "title": "1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals.", "title": "Valdes Peninsula" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral or organic particles (detritus) to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock by accumulating are called sediment. Before being deposited, the sediment was formed by weathering and erosion from the source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers, which are called agents of denudation. Sedimentation may also occur as minerals precipitate from water solution or shells of aquatic creatures settle out of suspension.", "title": "Sedimentary rock" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in the water column of large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current. They provide a crucial source of food to many large aquatic organisms, such as fish and whales.", "title": "Plankton" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lancashire emerged as a major commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution. Manchester and Liverpool grew into its largest cities, dominating global trade and the birth of modern capitalism. The county contained several mill towns and the collieries of the Lancashire Coalfield. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire. Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Burnley, Bury, Chorley, Colne, Darwen, Nelson, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale and Wigan were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.", "title": "Lancashire" } ]	Which is the body of water near George Mills' place of birth?	River Thames	[]	Title: Muslim world Passage: Muslim engineers in the Islamic world made a number of innovative industrial uses of hydropower, and early industrial uses of tidal power and wind power, fossil fuels such as petroleum, and early large factory complexes (tiraz in Arabic). The industrial uses of watermills in the Islamic world date back to the 7th century, while horizontal-wheeled and vertical-wheeled water mills were both in widespread use since at least the 9th century. A variety of industrial mills were being employed in the Islamic world, including early fulling mills, gristmills, hullers, sawmills, ship mills, stamp mills, steel mills, sugar mills, tide mills and windmills. By the 11th century, every province throughout the Islamic world had these industrial mills in operation, from al-Andalus and North Africa to the Middle East and Central Asia. Muslim engineers also invented crankshafts and water turbines, employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and pioneered the use of dams as a source of water power, used to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines. Such advances made it possible for industrial tasks that were previously driven by manual labour in ancient times to be mechanized and driven by machinery instead in the medieval Islamic world. The transfer of these technologies to medieval Europe had an influence on the Industrial Revolution. Title: Walker Pond Passage: Walker Pond is a body of water in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, situated off Route 49 on the way to Wells State Park. Title: Valdes Peninsula Passage: The coastline is inhabited by marine mammals, like sea lions, elephant seals and fur seals. Southern right whales can be found in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José, protected bodies of water located between the peninsula and the Patagonian mainland. These baleen whales come here between May and December, for mating and giving birth, because the water in the gulf is quieter and warmer than in the open sea. Orcas can be found off the coast, in the open sea off the peninsula. In this area, they are known to beach themselves on shore to capture sea lions and elephant seals. Title: Plankton Passage: Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in the water column of large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current. They provide a crucial source of food to many large aquatic organisms, such as fish and whales. Title: List of mills in Longdendale and Glossopdale Passage: Mills in Glossop, Derbyshire and Tintwistle, Cheshire, England.The first mills were built in the 1760s, and were powered by the water of the River Etherow and its tributaries. As the industry developed, the mills changed hands, were demolished, were converted to use steam,or consolidated into larger units. They changed their names and their functions. Water powered mills were smaller than the later steam powered mills found in Greater Manchester. Title: Clipper Mills, California Passage: Clipper Mills (also, Clipper Mill) is a census-designated place in Butte County, California. It lies at an elevation of 3550 feet (1082 m). Clipper Mills has a post office, first established in 1861 and moved in 1891. Its zip code is 95930. Clipper Mills's population was 142 at the 2010 census. Title: Lenoir Cotton Mill Passage: The Lenoir Cotton Mill was a 19th-century cotton mill located in the U.S. city of Lenoir City, Tennessee. One of the earliest examples of industrial architecture in Tennessee, the mill operated variously from its construction around 1830 until the 1950s. The mill was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in the 1970s. Efforts to restore the mill began in 1980, but before the restoration could be completed, the mill was destroyed by arson in 1991. Title: Edward T. Archibald House Passage: The Edward T. Archibald House is a historic farmhouse in Dundas, Minnesota, United States. The private home was placed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on June 17, 1976. Built in the 1860s, the farmhouse is significant for its association with the prominent miller Edward T. Archibald, whose nearby Archibald Mill was an important mill in the history of Minnesota's flour milling industry. Title: Perkins Tide Mill Passage: The Perkins Tide Mill was one of the last surviving 18th-century tide mills in the United States. Located on Mill Lane in Kennebunkport, Maine, it was built in 1749 and operated until 1939. It was destroyed by an arsonist in 1994. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, the property's present owners, the Kennebunkport Conservation Trust, are contemplating construction of a replica. Title: Lancashire Passage: Lancashire emerged as a major commercial and industrial region during the Industrial Revolution. Manchester and Liverpool grew into its largest cities, dominating global trade and the birth of modern capitalism. The county contained several mill towns and the collieries of the Lancashire Coalfield. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire. Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Burnley, Bury, Chorley, Colne, Darwen, Nelson, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale and Wigan were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week. Title: Sea of Sardinia Passage: The Sea of Sardinia is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea between the Spanish archipelago of Balearic Islands and the Italian island of Sardinia. Title: George Mills (footballer) Passage: George Robert Mills (born 29 December 1908 in Deptford, died 15 July 1970) was an English footballer, principally for Chelsea. Title: Tenth Avenue Angel Passage: Tenth Avenue Angel is a 1948 American film directed by Roy Rowland and starring Margaret O'Brien, Angela Lansbury, and George Murphy. It chronicles the life and family of Flavia Mills (Margaret O'Brien) in the late 1930s. Filming took place 11 March–15 May 1946, with retakes in April 1947. However, the film was not released until February 20, 1948. Title: Female reproductive system Passage: The vagina is a fibromuscular (made up of fibrous and muscular tissue) canal leading from the outside of the body to the cervix of the uterus or womb. It is also referred to as the birth canal in the context of pregnancy. The vagina accommodates the male penis during sexual intercourse. Semen containing spermatazoa is ejaculated from the male at orgasm, into the vagina potentially enabling fertilization of the egg cell (ovum) to take place. Title: 1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship Passage: The 1926 Men's European Water Polo Championship was the 1st edition of the event, organised by the Europe's governing body in aquatics, the Ligue Européenne de Natation. The event took place between 18–22 August in Budapest, Hungary as an integrated part of the 1926 European Aquatics Championships. Title: Potamogeton amplifolius Passage: Potamogeton amplifolius, commonly known as largeleaf pondweed or broad-leaved pondweed, is an aquatic plant of North America. It grows in water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, often in deep water. Title: Don't judge a book by its cover Passage: In George Eliot's The Mill on the Floss (1860), Mr Tulliver uses the phrase in discussing Daniel Defoe's The History of the Devil, saying how it was beautifully bound. Title: Sedimentary rock Passage: Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral or organic particles (detritus) to settle in place. The particles that form a sedimentary rock by accumulating are called sediment. Before being deposited, the sediment was formed by weathering and erosion from the source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers, which are called agents of denudation. Sedimentation may also occur as minerals precipitate from water solution or shells of aquatic creatures settle out of suspension. Title: Deptford Passage: Deptford borders the areas of Brockley and Lewisham to the south, New Cross to the west and Rotherhithe to the north west; Deptford Creek divides it from Greenwich to the east, and the River Thames separates the area from the Isle of Dogs to the north east; it is contained within the London SE8 post code area. The area referred to as North Deptford is the only part of the London Borough of Lewisham to front the Thames and is sandwiched between Rotherhithe and Greenwich. Much of this riverside estate is populated by the former Naval Dockyards, now known as Convoys Wharf, the Pepys Estate and some eastern fringes of the old Surrey Commercial Docks. Title: Donja Badanja Passage: Donja Badanja (Serbian Cyrillic: Доња Бадања, meaning 'a wooden pipe made of a hollowed trunk', often used to direct water on the wheel of a water-mill) is a village in western Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Loznica, in the Mačva District. Donja Badanja's current population is 510 (2002 census). According to 1991 census population was 670.	[ "George Mills (footballer)", "Deptford" ]
2hop__370564_71701	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Century Lotus Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Foshan, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 36,686 people and was built in 2005. It hosted a first round match between China and Myanmar during 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying. This building has a design similar to the reconstructed Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi built by the same designers.", "title": "Century Lotus Stadium" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the first centuries AD, political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge in Estonia. Two larger subdivisions appeared: the province (Estonian: kihelkond) and the land (Estonian: maakond). Several elderships or villages made up a province. Nearly all provinces had at least one fortress. The king or other highest administrative official elder directed the defense of the local area. By the thirteenth century Estonia consisted of the following provinces: Revala, Harjumaa, Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Läänemaa, Alempois, Sakala, Ugandi, Jogentagana, Soopoolitse, Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Järvamaa and Virumaa.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zou Rong (; 1885 – 1905) was a Chinese nationalist, racialist and revolutionary martyr of the anti-Qing movement. He was born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, his ancestors having moved there from Meizhou, Guangdong area. Zou was sent to Japan at an early age, where he studied the successful Japanese way of modernization.", "title": "Zou Rong" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since 1980, China has established special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou in Guangdong Province and Xiamen in Fujian Province, and designated the entire province of Hainan as a special economic zone. In August 1980, the National People's Congress (NPC) passed ``Regulations for The Special Economy Zone of Guangdong Province ''and officially designated a portion of Shenzhen as the Shenzhen Special Economy Zone (SSEZ).", "title": "Special economic zones of China" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Qianhaiwan station () is a station on the Line 1, Line 5 and Line 11 of the Shenzhen Metro in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. Line 1 platforms opened on 15 June 2011, Line 5 platforms opened on 22 June 2011, and Line 11 platforms opened on 28 June 2016. Qianhaiwan Station is located under Chenwen Road in Shenzhen's Nanshan District.", "title": "Qianhaiwan station" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xingning Basin, located in Xingning, China, is the largest basin in east Guangdong province. It spans 302 km. Ostracode fossils from at least a dozen species in ten genera have been found there, from both the Early and Late Cretaceous.", "title": "Xingning Basin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joe Ah Chan (\"Chan Hock Joe\") (1882–14 December 1959) was a New Zealand greengrocer, horticulturist and wine-maker. He was born in Guangdong Province, China on 1882.", "title": "Joe Ah Chan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Princess Sirindhorn Stadium () is a sports stadium in Si Racha, Chonburi Province, Thailand. The name of the stadium come from the name of Princess Sirindhorn, Princess Royal of Thailand. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the formerly home stadium of Sriracha FC and formerly of Chonburi FC. The stadium holds 8,000 people. The Stadium is located near the city centre, on the ground of the Assumption College Sriracha. The stadium has a running track, as do most of the stadiums in Thailand. It is fitted with floodlights, enabling evening matches to be played.", "title": "Princess Sirindhorn Stadium" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yet controlling the \"Mandate of Heaven\" was a daunting task. The vastness of China's territory meant that there were only enough banner troops to garrison key cities forming the backbone of a defense network that relied heavily on surrendered Ming soldiers. In addition, three surrendered Ming generals were singled out for their contributions to the establishment of the Qing dynasty, ennobled as feudal princes (藩王), and given governorships over vast territories in Southern China. The chief of these was Wu Sangui, who was given the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, while generals Shang Kexi and Geng Jingzhong were given Guangdong and Fujian provinces respectively.", "title": "Qing dynasty" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage.", "title": "Mexico City" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sichuan was China's most populous province before Chongqing became a directly-controlled municipality; it is currently the fourth most populous, after Guangdong, Shandong and Henan. As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million. It was the third most populous sub-national entity in the world, after Uttar Pradesh, India and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1991, when the Soviet Union was dissolved. It is also one of the only six to ever reach 100 million people (Uttar Pradesh, Russian RSFSR, Maharashtra, Sichuan, Bihar and Punjab). It is currently 10th.", "title": "Sichuan" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The provinces and territories of Canada are the administrative divisions that are responsible for the delivery of sub-national governance within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (which, upon Confederation, was divided into Ontario and Quebec) -- were united to form a federated colony, which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times, and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. Several of the provinces were former British colonies, and Quebec was originally a French colony, while others were added as Canada grew. The three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon, which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America. Together, the provinces and territories make up the world's second - largest country by area.", "title": "Provinces and territories of Canada" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xinhui People's Hospital is a hospital located in the Xinhui District of Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China, affiliated to the Southern Medical University.", "title": "Xinhui People's Hospital" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "title": "Kiri Territory" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Campora is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Salerno, Campania (southern Italy). It is located in the territory of Cilento and as of 2009 its population was of 810.", "title": "Campora" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On October 12, the 18th and 104th Divisions landed, followed by command units the following day. By October 21, the provincial capital of Guangzhou was under Japanese control. The IJA 5th Division continued to advance up the Pearl River and by November 5 had taken the city of Foshan. By the end of November, the entire province was under Japanese control.", "title": "Twenty-First Army (Japan)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" } ]	What year did the japanese get to the current administrative territorial entity of the Century Lotus Stadium and the rest of the guangdong province?	November 5	[]	Title: Princess Sirindhorn Stadium Passage: Princess Sirindhorn Stadium () is a sports stadium in Si Racha, Chonburi Province, Thailand. The name of the stadium come from the name of Princess Sirindhorn, Princess Royal of Thailand. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the formerly home stadium of Sriracha FC and formerly of Chonburi FC. The stadium holds 8,000 people. The Stadium is located near the city centre, on the ground of the Assumption College Sriracha. The stadium has a running track, as do most of the stadiums in Thailand. It is fitted with floodlights, enabling evening matches to be played. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Century Lotus Stadium Passage: Century Lotus Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Foshan, China. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 36,686 people and was built in 2005. It hosted a first round match between China and Myanmar during 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying. This building has a design similar to the reconstructed Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, Delhi built by the same designers. Title: Qing dynasty Passage: Yet controlling the "Mandate of Heaven" was a daunting task. The vastness of China's territory meant that there were only enough banner troops to garrison key cities forming the backbone of a defense network that relied heavily on surrendered Ming soldiers. In addition, three surrendered Ming generals were singled out for their contributions to the establishment of the Qing dynasty, ennobled as feudal princes (藩王), and given governorships over vast territories in Southern China. The chief of these was Wu Sangui, who was given the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, while generals Shang Kexi and Geng Jingzhong were given Guangdong and Fujian provinces respectively. Title: Xingning Basin Passage: Xingning Basin, located in Xingning, China, is the largest basin in east Guangdong province. It spans 302 km. Ostracode fossils from at least a dozen species in ten genera have been found there, from both the Early and Late Cretaceous. Title: Special economic zones of China Passage: Since 1980, China has established special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou in Guangdong Province and Xiamen in Fujian Province, and designated the entire province of Hainan as a special economic zone. In August 1980, the National People's Congress (NPC) passed ``Regulations for The Special Economy Zone of Guangdong Province ''and officially designated a portion of Shenzhen as the Shenzhen Special Economy Zone (SSEZ). Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Joe Ah Chan Passage: Joe Ah Chan ("Chan Hock Joe") (1882–14 December 1959) was a New Zealand greengrocer, horticulturist and wine-maker. He was born in Guangdong Province, China on 1882. Title: Xinhui People's Hospital Passage: Xinhui People's Hospital is a hospital located in the Xinhui District of Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, China, affiliated to the Southern Medical University. Title: Sichuan Passage: Sichuan was China's most populous province before Chongqing became a directly-controlled municipality; it is currently the fourth most populous, after Guangdong, Shandong and Henan. As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million. It was the third most populous sub-national entity in the world, after Uttar Pradesh, India and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1991, when the Soviet Union was dissolved. It is also one of the only six to ever reach 100 million people (Uttar Pradesh, Russian RSFSR, Maharashtra, Sichuan, Bihar and Punjab). It is currently 10th. Title: Mexico City Passage: The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage. Title: Kiri Territory Passage: Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri. Title: Campora Passage: Campora is a town and "comune" in the province of Salerno, Campania (southern Italy). It is located in the territory of Cilento and as of 2009 its population was of 810. Title: Zou Rong Passage: Zou Rong (; 1885 – 1905) was a Chinese nationalist, racialist and revolutionary martyr of the anti-Qing movement. He was born in Chongqing, Sichuan Province, his ancestors having moved there from Meizhou, Guangdong area. Zou was sent to Japan at an early age, where he studied the successful Japanese way of modernization. Title: Twenty-First Army (Japan) Passage: On October 12, the 18th and 104th Divisions landed, followed by command units the following day. By October 21, the provincial capital of Guangzhou was under Japanese control. The IJA 5th Division continued to advance up the Pearl River and by November 5 had taken the city of Foshan. By the end of November, the entire province was under Japanese control. Title: Estonia Passage: In the first centuries AD, political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge in Estonia. Two larger subdivisions appeared: the province (Estonian: kihelkond) and the land (Estonian: maakond). Several elderships or villages made up a province. Nearly all provinces had at least one fortress. The king or other highest administrative official elder directed the defense of the local area. By the thirteenth century Estonia consisted of the following provinces: Revala, Harjumaa, Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Läänemaa, Alempois, Sakala, Ugandi, Jogentagana, Soopoolitse, Vaiga, Mõhu, Nurmekund, Järvamaa and Virumaa. Title: Pangi Territory Passage: Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi. Title: Provinces and territories of Canada Passage: The provinces and territories of Canada are the administrative divisions that are responsible for the delivery of sub-national governance within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (which, upon Confederation, was divided into Ontario and Quebec) -- were united to form a federated colony, which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times, and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. Several of the provinces were former British colonies, and Quebec was originally a French colony, while others were added as Canada grew. The three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon, which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America. Together, the provinces and territories make up the world's second - largest country by area. Title: Qianhaiwan station Passage: Qianhaiwan station () is a station on the Line 1, Line 5 and Line 11 of the Shenzhen Metro in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. Line 1 platforms opened on 15 June 2011, Line 5 platforms opened on 22 June 2011, and Line 11 platforms opened on 28 June 2016. Qianhaiwan Station is located under Chenwen Road in Shenzhen's Nanshan District.	[ "Century Lotus Stadium", "Twenty-First Army (Japan)" ]
2hop__2682_577502	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The office of Governor of West Pakistan was a largely ceremonial position but later Governors wielded some executive powers as well. The first Governor was Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani, who was also the last Governor of West Punjab. Ayub Khan abolished the Governor's office and instead established the Martial Law Administrator of West Pakistan (MLA West).", "title": "West Pakistan" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olivia Mariamne Devenish (16 February 1771 – 26 November 1814), was the spouse of Thomas Stamford Raffles, vice governor of Java (1811–1816), from 1805 to 1814. A memorial monument was erected to her memory in the botanical garden of Buitenzorg (Bogor).", "title": "Olivia Mariamne Devenish" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Governor of Alabama Seal of the Governor Standard of the Governor Incumbent Kay Ivey since April 10, 2017 Style Governor (informal) The Honorable (formal) Status Head of State Head of Government Residence Alabama Governor's Mansion Term length Four years, renewable once Precursor Governor of Alabama Territory Inaugural holder William Wyatt Bibb Formation December 14, 1819 (198 years ago) (1819 - 12 - 14) Deputy Lieutenant Governor of Alabama Salary $119,950 (2013) Website http://www.governor.state.al.us", "title": "List of governors of Alabama" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of \"Hey Mama\", as well as a cover of Journey's \"Don't Stop Believin'\", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour.", "title": "Kanye West" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate of Texas Seal of the Lieutenant Governor Incumbent Dan Patrick since January 20, 2015 Style The Honorable Term length Four years, no term limits Inaugural holder Albert Clinton Horton 1846 Formation Texas Constitution Website Office of the Lieutenant Governor", "title": "Lieutenant Governor of Texas" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abraham Davenport (1715 – November 20, 1789) was an American politician who served in the Connecticut Governor's Council during the American Revolution, and as a colonel in the Connecticut state militia. He is famous for his response to his colleagues during New England's Dark Day, which many feared was a sign that the Last Judgment was approaching. His response was: \"I am against adjournment. The day of judgment is either approaching, or it is not. If it is not, there is no cause for an adjournment; if it is, I choose to be found doing my duty. I wish therefore that candles may be brought.\"", "title": "Abraham Davenport" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Dunklin (January 14, 1790 – August 25, 1844) was the fifth Governor of Missouri, serving from 1832 to 1836. He also served as the state's third Lieutenant Governor. Dunklin is considered the \"Father of Public Schools\" in Missouri. Dunklin was also the father-in-law of Missouri Lieutenant Governor Franklin Cannon. Dunklin County, in the Missouri bootheel, is named so in his honor.", "title": "Daniel Dunklin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 5, 2012, West announced his establishment of the creative content company DONDA, named after his late mother Donda West. In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would \"pick up where Steve Jobs left off\"; DONDA would operate as \"a design company which will galvanize amazing thinkers in a creative space to bounce their dreams and ideas\" with the \"goal to make products and experiences that people want and can afford.\" West is notoriously secretive about the company's operations, maintaining neither an official website nor a social media presence. In stating DONDA's creative philosophy, West articulated the need to \"put creatives in a room together with like minds\" in order to \"simplify and aesthetically improve everything we see, taste, touch, and feel.\". Contemporary critics have noted the consistent minimalistic aesthetic exhibited throughout DONDA creative projects.", "title": "Kanye West" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prince had moved from Ireland to South Hadley, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Her suicide, after suffering months of bullying from school classmates, brought international attention to the problem of bullying in American schools. In March 2010, a state anti-bullying task force was set up as a result of her death. The Massachusetts legislation was signed into law on May 3, 2010.", "title": "Suicide of Phoebe Prince" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery.", "title": "Kanye West" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Breathitt (September 9, 1786 – February 21, 1834) was the 11th Governor of Kentucky. He was the first Democrat to hold this office and was the second Kentucky governor to die in office. Shortly after his death, Breathitt County, Kentucky was created and named in his honor.", "title": "John Breathitt" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are fifteen seats in the Legislative Council of Saint Helena, a unicameral legislature, in addition to a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker. Twelve of the fifteen members are elected in elections held every four years. The three ex officio members are the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary and Attorney General. The Executive Council is presided over by the Governor, and consists of three ex officio officers and five elected members of the Legislative Council appointed by the Governor. There is no elected Chief Minister, and the Governor acts as the head of government. In January 2013 it was proposed that the Executive Council would be led by a \"Chief Councillor\" who would be elected by the members of the Legislative Council and would nominate the other members of the Executive Council. These proposals were put to a referendum on 23 March 2013 where they were defeated by 158 votes to 42 on a 10% turnout.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death row. And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, Bob Graham, although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others, agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of \"possible innocence\" or \"disproportionality.\"", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Amman Governorate has the largest population of the 12 governorates of Jordan. It borders Zarqa Governorate to the north and north east, the governorates of Balqa and Madaba to the west, Karak and Ma'an governorates to the south. It also shares an international border with Saudi Arabia from the east.", "title": "Amman Governorate" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samuel Albert LeBlanc, III (born November 12, 1938), is a lawyer from St. Francisville in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, who is a Democratic former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 86 in Jefferson and Orleans parishes. His legislative tenure from 1972 to 1980 corresponded with the first two terms of Governor Edwin Edwards.", "title": "Sam A. LeBlanc III" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ella Tambussi Grasso (May 10, 1919 – February 5, 1981) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 83rd Governor of Connecticut from January 8, 1975, to December 31, 1980. She was the first woman elected to this office and the first woman to be elected governor of a U.S. state without having been the spouse or widow of a former governor. She resigned as Governor due to her battle with ovarian cancer.", "title": "Ella Grasso" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Calgary-West (formerly styled Calgary West from 1957 to 1971) is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Canada.", "title": "Calgary-West" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Several prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant.", "title": "Chrétien DuBois" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In New Jersey and Illinois, all death row inmates had their sentences commuted to life in prison without parole when the death penalty repeal bills were signed into law. In Maryland, Governor Martin O'Malley commuted the state's four remaining death sentences to life in prison without parole in January 2015. While the bill repealing capital punishment in Connecticut was not retroactive, the Connecticut Supreme Court ruled in 2015 in State v. Santiago that the legislature's decision to prospectively abolish capital punishment rendered it an offense to \"evolving standards of decency,\" thus commuting the sentences of the 11 men remaining on death row to life in prison without parole. New Mexico may yet execute two condemned inmates sentenced prior to abolition, and Nebraska has ten death row inmates who may still be executed despite abolition.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Archangelgorod Governorate (, \"Arkhangelogorodskaya guberniya\"), or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division (a \"guberniya\") of the Tsardom of Russia and then the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel (modern Arkhangelsk). The governorate was located in the north of the Russian Empire and bordered Siberia Governorate in the east, Kazan Governorate in the southeast, Moscow and Ingermanland Governorates in the southwest, Sweden (later independent Finland) in the west, and Norway in north-west. In the north, the governorate was limited by the White and Barents Seas.", "title": "Archangelgorod Governorate" } ]	Who is the spouse of the famous governor signing legislation in honor of Donda West's death?	Maria Shriver	[]	Title: Archangelgorod Governorate Passage: Archangelgorod Governorate (, "Arkhangelogorodskaya guberniya"), or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division (a "guberniya") of the Tsardom of Russia and then the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel (modern Arkhangelsk). The governorate was located in the north of the Russian Empire and bordered Siberia Governorate in the east, Kazan Governorate in the southeast, Moscow and Ingermanland Governorates in the southwest, Sweden (later independent Finland) in the west, and Norway in north-west. In the north, the governorate was limited by the White and Barents Seas. Title: West Pakistan Passage: The office of Governor of West Pakistan was a largely ceremonial position but later Governors wielded some executive powers as well. The first Governor was Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani, who was also the last Governor of West Punjab. Ayub Khan abolished the Governor's office and instead established the Martial Law Administrator of West Pakistan (MLA West). Title: Calgary-West Passage: Calgary-West (formerly styled Calgary West from 1957 to 1971) is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Canada. Title: Sam A. LeBlanc III Passage: Samuel Albert LeBlanc, III (born November 12, 1938), is a lawyer from St. Francisville in West Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, who is a Democratic former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 86 in Jefferson and Orleans parishes. His legislative tenure from 1972 to 1980 corresponded with the first two terms of Governor Edwin Edwards. Title: Suicide of Phoebe Prince Passage: Prince had moved from Ireland to South Hadley, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Her suicide, after suffering months of bullying from school classmates, brought international attention to the problem of bullying in American schools. In March 2010, a state anti-bullying task force was set up as a result of her death. The Massachusetts legislation was signed into law on May 3, 2010. Title: Kanye West Passage: The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour. Title: Kanye West Passage: California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the "Donda West Law", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery. Title: Amman Governorate Passage: The Amman Governorate has the largest population of the 12 governorates of Jordan. It borders Zarqa Governorate to the north and north east, the governorates of Balqa and Madaba to the west, Karak and Ma'an governorates to the south. It also shares an international border with Saudi Arabia from the east. Title: Lieutenant Governor of Texas Passage: Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate of Texas Seal of the Lieutenant Governor Incumbent Dan Patrick since January 20, 2015 Style The Honorable Term length Four years, no term limits Inaugural holder Albert Clinton Horton 1846 Formation Texas Constitution Website Office of the Lieutenant Governor Title: Ella Grasso Passage: Ella Tambussi Grasso (May 10, 1919 – February 5, 1981) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 83rd Governor of Connecticut from January 8, 1975, to December 31, 1980. She was the first woman elected to this office and the first woman to be elected governor of a U.S. state without having been the spouse or widow of a former governor. She resigned as Governor due to her battle with ovarian cancer. Title: John Breathitt Passage: John Breathitt (September 9, 1786 – February 21, 1834) was the 11th Governor of Kentucky. He was the first Democrat to hold this office and was the second Kentucky governor to die in office. Shortly after his death, Breathitt County, Kentucky was created and named in his honor. Title: Kanye West Passage: On January 5, 2012, West announced his establishment of the creative content company DONDA, named after his late mother Donda West. In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would "pick up where Steve Jobs left off"; DONDA would operate as "a design company which will galvanize amazing thinkers in a creative space to bounce their dreams and ideas" with the "goal to make products and experiences that people want and can afford." West is notoriously secretive about the company's operations, maintaining neither an official website nor a social media presence. In stating DONDA's creative philosophy, West articulated the need to "put creatives in a room together with like minds" in order to "simplify and aesthetically improve everything we see, taste, touch, and feel.". Contemporary critics have noted the consistent minimalistic aesthetic exhibited throughout DONDA creative projects. Title: Olivia Mariamne Devenish Passage: Olivia Mariamne Devenish (16 February 1771 – 26 November 1814), was the spouse of Thomas Stamford Raffles, vice governor of Java (1811–1816), from 1805 to 1814. A memorial monument was erected to her memory in the botanical garden of Buitenzorg (Bogor). Title: Daniel Dunklin Passage: Daniel Dunklin (January 14, 1790 – August 25, 1844) was the fifth Governor of Missouri, serving from 1832 to 1836. He also served as the state's third Lieutenant Governor. Dunklin is considered the "Father of Public Schools" in Missouri. Dunklin was also the father-in-law of Missouri Lieutenant Governor Franklin Cannon. Dunklin County, in the Missouri bootheel, is named so in his honor. Title: Abraham Davenport Passage: Abraham Davenport (1715 – November 20, 1789) was an American politician who served in the Connecticut Governor's Council during the American Revolution, and as a colonel in the Connecticut state militia. He is famous for his response to his colleagues during New England's Dark Day, which many feared was a sign that the Last Judgment was approaching. His response was: "I am against adjournment. The day of judgment is either approaching, or it is not. If it is not, there is no cause for an adjournment; if it is, I choose to be found doing my duty. I wish therefore that candles may be brought." Title: Capital punishment in the United States Passage: In New Jersey and Illinois, all death row inmates had their sentences commuted to life in prison without parole when the death penalty repeal bills were signed into law. In Maryland, Governor Martin O'Malley commuted the state's four remaining death sentences to life in prison without parole in January 2015. While the bill repealing capital punishment in Connecticut was not retroactive, the Connecticut Supreme Court ruled in 2015 in State v. Santiago that the legislature's decision to prospectively abolish capital punishment rendered it an offense to "evolving standards of decency," thus commuting the sentences of the 11 men remaining on death row to life in prison without parole. New Mexico may yet execute two condemned inmates sentenced prior to abolition, and Nebraska has ten death row inmates who may still be executed despite abolition. Title: Capital punishment in the United States Passage: Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death row. And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, Bob Graham, although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others, agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of "possible innocence" or "disproportionality." Title: Saint Helena Passage: There are fifteen seats in the Legislative Council of Saint Helena, a unicameral legislature, in addition to a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker. Twelve of the fifteen members are elected in elections held every four years. The three ex officio members are the Chief Secretary, Financial Secretary and Attorney General. The Executive Council is presided over by the Governor, and consists of three ex officio officers and five elected members of the Legislative Council appointed by the Governor. There is no elected Chief Minister, and the Governor acts as the head of government. In January 2013 it was proposed that the Executive Council would be led by a "Chief Councillor" who would be elected by the members of the Legislative Council and would nominate the other members of the Executive Council. These proposals were put to a referendum on 23 March 2013 where they were defeated by 158 votes to 42 on a 10% turnout. Title: Chrétien DuBois Passage: Several prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant. Title: List of governors of Alabama Passage: Governor of Alabama Seal of the Governor Standard of the Governor Incumbent Kay Ivey since April 10, 2017 Style Governor (informal) The Honorable (formal) Status Head of State Head of Government Residence Alabama Governor's Mansion Term length Four years, renewable once Precursor Governor of Alabama Territory Inaugural holder William Wyatt Bibb Formation December 14, 1819 (198 years ago) (1819 - 12 - 14) Deputy Lieutenant Governor of Alabama Salary $119,950 (2013) Website http://www.governor.state.al.us	[ "Kanye West", "Chrétien DuBois" ]
2hop__502852_75487	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bloc Québécois (BQ) (French pronunciation: (blɔk kebekwa)) is a federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty. The Bloc was formed by Members of Parliament who defected from the federal Progressive Conservative Party and Liberal Party during the collapse of the Meech Lake Accord. Founder Lucien Bouchard was a cabinet minister in the federal Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney.", "title": "Bloc Québécois" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The States' Rights Democratic Party (usually called the Dixiecrats) was a short-lived segregationist political party in the United States. It originated in 1948 as a breakaway faction of the Democratic Party determined to protect states' rights to legislate racial segregation from what its members regarded as an oppressive federal government.", "title": "Dixiecrat" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The PdL, launched by Silvio Berlusconi on 18 November 2007, was initially a federation of political parties, notably including Forza Italia and National Alliance, which participated as a joint election list in the 2008 general election. The federation was later transformed into a party during a party congress on 27–29 March 2009.", "title": "The People of Freedom" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Inky Mark (; born November 17, 1947) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the Manitoba riding of Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette. Mark was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada, although he frequently criticized and took positions opposite the party and its leader, Stephen Harper. Mark ran in the 2015 federal election, noting that he is now a Green Party of Canada member but that he would still run as an independent. He lost significantly.", "title": "Inky Mark" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stuart Irwin Henry (born 21 June 1946), is a former Australian politician, who was elected to the House of Representatives as member for the Division of Hasluck, Western Australia for the Liberal Party of Australia at the 2004 federal election. He was a small business proprietor and farm manager before entering politics.", "title": "Stuart Henry (politician)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Camil Samson (January 3, 1935 - December 18, 2012) was a politician in Quebec, Canada, Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA), and leader of the Ralliement créditiste du Québec and other political parties.", "title": "Camil Samson" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader. In a statement, Conservative Party President Harry Walsh said he had spoken to Harper, ``and he has instructed me to reach out to the newly elected parliamentary caucus to appoint an Interim Leader and to implement the leadership selection process. ''", "title": "2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federation of Independents (, VdU) was a German nationalist and national-liberal political party in Austria active from 1949 to 1955. It was the predecessor of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ).", "title": "Federation of Independents" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United Democratic Front (UDF) is a political party in Namibia. Justus ǁGaroëb was the party's leader since its foundation in 1989 until 2013, when he stepped down as leader of the party.", "title": "United Democratic Front (Namibia)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John George Lynch-Staunton (June 19, 1930 – August 17, 2012) was a Canadian senator, who served as interim leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, from December 2003 to March 2004. He represented the Senate division of Grandville, Quebec.", "title": "John Lynch-Staunton" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Congress of the New Right (, Nowa Prawica or just KNP) is an economically libertarian, socially conservative and Eurosceptic political party in Poland. The party was founded on 25 March 2011 by Janusz Korwin-Mikke, from the merger of the Liberty and Lawfulness (WiP) with several members of the Real Politics Union (UPR). The former leader Korwin-Mikke was ousted from the party in 2015. The party assumed the official name Congress of the New Right on 12 May 2011.", "title": "Congress of the New Right" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Leader of Opposition (LOP) in Uganda is the title bestowed upon the elected leader of the largest political party not within the ruling government. The Leader of Opposition appoints and heads an alternative Shadow Cabinet whose duty is to challenge and influence government legislation on the floor of Parliament The current Leader of Opposition and first Ugandan female to hold the position is Hon. Winnie Kiiza of the Forum for Democratic Change. The Opposition in Uganda is made up of members from Forum for Democratic Change, Democratic Party, Uganda People's Congress, Congress Party and JEEMA.", "title": "Leader of Opposition (Uganda)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yane Yanev (, born 22 April 1971) is a Bulgarian politician, leader of the center-right opposition party Order, Law and Justice and a member of the Bulgarian National Assembly. Known as an \"anti-corruption hawk\" that has brought to light many political scandals, Yanev is one of the most famous political players to emerge in Bulgaria in the past decade.", "title": "Yane Yanev" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Hiester (April 9, 1745 – October 15, 1821) was an American military and political leader from the Revolutionary War era to the early 19th Century. He was a member of the Hiester Family political dynasty.", "title": "John Hiester" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Audrey Marlene McLaughlin (née Brown; born November 8, 1936) was leader of Canada's New Democratic Party (NDP) from 1989 to 1995. She was the first female leader of a political party with representation in the House of Commons of Canada, as well as the first female federal political party leader to represent an electoral district in a Canadian territory.", "title": "Audrey McLaughlin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consulted with respect to reconvening the House per the usual formulation of conditional concurrent adjournment resolutions; he or she is a traditional member of the House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission; and he or she may, after consultation with the Speaker, convene an early organizational party caucus or conference. Informally, the minority leader maintains ties with majority party leaders to learn about the schedule and other House matters and forges agreements or understandings with them insofar as feasible.", "title": "Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are two United States Senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. These leaders serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for the political parties respectively holding the majority and the minority in the United States Senate, and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. They are elected to their positions in the Senate by their respective party caucuses, the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference.", "title": "Party leaders of the United States Senate" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Labor Party of the United States was a short-lived political party formed by several state-level labor parties upon the encouragement of Chicago Federation of Labor leader John Fitzpatrick. It was formed in the immediate aftermath of World War I, due in large part to deterioration in the condition of the country's workers due to the imbalance between static workers' wages and rapidly escalating prices for necessities and consumer goods.", "title": "Labor Party of the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Franck Biancheri (11 March 1961 – 30 October 2012) was the founder of the Newropeans European political party and the leader from June 2006. The party planned to run for campaigns in the 2009 elections to the European Parliament with representatives in all member states simultaneously.", "title": "Franck Biancheri" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shiromaniam Madhavan (1944 - 29 June 1994), son of a founding member of the National Federation Party (NFP), was a Fiji Indian politician who served in the Labasa Town Council and the House of Representatives. He contested numerous elections for different political parties.", "title": "Shiromaniam Madhavan" } ]	Who is the federal leader of John Lynch-Staunton's political party?	Andrew Scheer	[]	Title: Bloc Québécois Passage: The Bloc Québécois (BQ) (French pronunciation: (blɔk kebekwa)) is a federal political party in Canada devoted to Quebec nationalism and the promotion of Quebec sovereignty. The Bloc was formed by Members of Parliament who defected from the federal Progressive Conservative Party and Liberal Party during the collapse of the Meech Lake Accord. Founder Lucien Bouchard was a cabinet minister in the federal Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney. Title: Franck Biancheri Passage: Franck Biancheri (11 March 1961 – 30 October 2012) was the founder of the Newropeans European political party and the leader from June 2006. The party planned to run for campaigns in the 2009 elections to the European Parliament with representatives in all member states simultaneously. Title: Audrey McLaughlin Passage: Audrey Marlene McLaughlin (née Brown; born November 8, 1936) was leader of Canada's New Democratic Party (NDP) from 1989 to 1995. She was the first female leader of a political party with representation in the House of Commons of Canada, as well as the first female federal political party leader to represent an electoral district in a Canadian territory. Title: United Democratic Front (Namibia) Passage: The United Democratic Front (UDF) is a political party in Namibia. Justus ǁGaroëb was the party's leader since its foundation in 1989 until 2013, when he stepped down as leader of the party. Title: The People of Freedom Passage: The PdL, launched by Silvio Berlusconi on 18 November 2007, was initially a federation of political parties, notably including Forza Italia and National Alliance, which participated as a joint election list in the 2008 general election. The federation was later transformed into a party during a party congress on 27–29 March 2009. Title: Congress of the New Right Passage: The Congress of the New Right (, Nowa Prawica or just KNP) is an economically libertarian, socially conservative and Eurosceptic political party in Poland. The party was founded on 25 March 2011 by Janusz Korwin-Mikke, from the merger of the Liberty and Lawfulness (WiP) with several members of the Real Politics Union (UPR). The former leader Korwin-Mikke was ousted from the party in 2015. The party assumed the official name Congress of the New Right on 12 May 2011. Title: Federation of Independents Passage: The Federation of Independents (, VdU) was a German nationalist and national-liberal political party in Austria active from 1949 to 1955. It was the predecessor of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). Title: Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives Passage: In addition, the minority leader has a number of other institutional functions. For instance, the minority leader is sometimes statutorily authorized to appoint individuals to certain federal entities; he or she and the majority leader each name three Members to serve as Private Calendar objectors; he or she is consulted with respect to reconvening the House per the usual formulation of conditional concurrent adjournment resolutions; he or she is a traditional member of the House Office Building Commission; he or she is a member of the United States Capitol Preservation Commission; and he or she may, after consultation with the Speaker, convene an early organizational party caucus or conference. Informally, the minority leader maintains ties with majority party leaders to learn about the schedule and other House matters and forges agreements or understandings with them insofar as feasible. Title: Stuart Henry (politician) Passage: Stuart Irwin Henry (born 21 June 1946), is a former Australian politician, who was elected to the House of Representatives as member for the Division of Hasluck, Western Australia for the Liberal Party of Australia at the 2004 federal election. He was a small business proprietor and farm manager before entering politics. Title: Camil Samson Passage: Camil Samson (January 3, 1935 - December 18, 2012) was a politician in Quebec, Canada, Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA), and leader of the Ralliement créditiste du Québec and other political parties. Title: Shiromaniam Madhavan Passage: Shiromaniam Madhavan (1944 - 29 June 1994), son of a founding member of the National Federation Party (NFP), was a Fiji Indian politician who served in the Labasa Town Council and the House of Representatives. He contested numerous elections for different political parties. Title: 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election Passage: The 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader. In a statement, Conservative Party President Harry Walsh said he had spoken to Harper, ``and he has instructed me to reach out to the newly elected parliamentary caucus to appoint an Interim Leader and to implement the leadership selection process. '' Title: Party leaders of the United States Senate Passage: The Senate Majority and Minority Leaders are two United States Senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. These leaders serve as the chief Senate spokespeople for the political parties respectively holding the majority and the minority in the United States Senate, and manage and schedule the legislative and executive business of the Senate. They are elected to their positions in the Senate by their respective party caucuses, the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference. Title: Dixiecrat Passage: The States' Rights Democratic Party (usually called the Dixiecrats) was a short-lived segregationist political party in the United States. It originated in 1948 as a breakaway faction of the Democratic Party determined to protect states' rights to legislate racial segregation from what its members regarded as an oppressive federal government. Title: Yane Yanev Passage: Yane Yanev (, born 22 April 1971) is a Bulgarian politician, leader of the center-right opposition party Order, Law and Justice and a member of the Bulgarian National Assembly. Known as an "anti-corruption hawk" that has brought to light many political scandals, Yanev is one of the most famous political players to emerge in Bulgaria in the past decade. Title: John Hiester Passage: John Hiester (April 9, 1745 – October 15, 1821) was an American military and political leader from the Revolutionary War era to the early 19th Century. He was a member of the Hiester Family political dynasty. Title: John Lynch-Staunton Passage: John George Lynch-Staunton (June 19, 1930 – August 17, 2012) was a Canadian senator, who served as interim leader of the Conservative Party of Canada, from December 2003 to March 2004. He represented the Senate division of Grandville, Quebec. Title: Leader of Opposition (Uganda) Passage: The Leader of Opposition (LOP) in Uganda is the title bestowed upon the elected leader of the largest political party not within the ruling government. The Leader of Opposition appoints and heads an alternative Shadow Cabinet whose duty is to challenge and influence government legislation on the floor of Parliament The current Leader of Opposition and first Ugandan female to hold the position is Hon. Winnie Kiiza of the Forum for Democratic Change. The Opposition in Uganda is made up of members from Forum for Democratic Change, Democratic Party, Uganda People's Congress, Congress Party and JEEMA. Title: Inky Mark Passage: Inky Mark (; born November 17, 1947) is a Canadian politician and a former member of the House of Commons of Canada, representing the Manitoba riding of Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette. Mark was a member of the Conservative Party of Canada, although he frequently criticized and took positions opposite the party and its leader, Stephen Harper. Mark ran in the 2015 federal election, noting that he is now a Green Party of Canada member but that he would still run as an independent. He lost significantly. Title: Labor Party of the United States Passage: The Labor Party of the United States was a short-lived political party formed by several state-level labor parties upon the encouragement of Chicago Federation of Labor leader John Fitzpatrick. It was formed in the immediate aftermath of World War I, due in large part to deterioration in the condition of the country's workers due to the imbalance between static workers' wages and rapidly escalating prices for necessities and consumer goods.	[ "2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election", "John Lynch-Staunton" ]
2hop__35137_22943	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Annals of Internal Medicine is an academic medical journal published by the American College of Physicians (ACP). It is one of the most widely cited and influential specialty medical journals in the world. \"Annals\" publishes content relevant to the field of internal medicine and related sub-specialties. \"Annals\"' mission is to promote excellence in medicine, enable physicians and other health care professionals to be well-informed members of the medical community and society, advance standards in the conduct and reporting of medical research, and contribute to improving the health of people worldwide. To achieve this mission, the journal publishes a wide variety of original research, review articles, practice guidelines, and commentary relevant to clinical practice, health care delivery, public health, health care policy, medical education, ethics, and research methodology. In addition, the journal publishes personal narratives that convey the feeling and the art of medicine. Selected articles in the journal are open access; these include patient oriented content and Clinical Guidelines (and related reviews).", "title": "Annals of Internal Medicine" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has the longest rotation period (243 Earth days) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets (meaning the Sun rises in the west and sets in the east). It does not have any natural satellites. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon, reaching an apparent magnitude of −4.6 – bright enough to cast shadows at night and, rarely, visible to the naked eye in broad daylight. Orbiting within Earth's orbit, Venus is an inferior planet and never appears to venture far from the Sun; its maximum angular distance from the Sun (elongation) is 47.8°.", "title": "Venus" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundational text of Chinese medicine is the Huangdi neijing, (or Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon), written 5th century to 3rd century BCE. Near the end of the 2nd century CE, during the Han dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, wrote a Treatise on Cold Damage, which contains the earliest known reference to the Neijing Suwen. The Jin Dynasty practitioner and advocate of acupuncture and moxibustion, Huangfu Mi (215 -- 282), also quotes the Yellow Emperor in his Jiayi jing, c. 265. During the Tang Dynasty, the Suwen was expanded and revised, and is now the best extant representation of the foundational roots of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine that is based on the use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage and other forms of therapy has been practiced in China for thousands of years.", "title": "History of medicine" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Korea Institute for National Unification is a think tank funded by the South Korean government focusing on issues related to Korean reunification.", "title": "Korea Institute for National Unification" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Much of the film was shot on location in and around Chicago between July and October 1979, including Wauconda, Illinois, where the car crashes into the side of Route 12. Made with the cooperation of Mayor Jane M. Byrne, it is credited for putting Chicago on the map as a venue for filmmaking. Nearly 200 movies have been filmed in Chicago. ``Chicago is one of the stars of the movie. We wrote it as a tribute, ''Dan Aykroyd told the Chicago Sun - Times in an article written to mark the film's 25th - anniversary DVD release.", "title": "The Blues Brothers (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Legal studies advanced during the 12th century. Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages. Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna. This led to the recording and standardisation of legal codes throughout Western Europe. Canon law was also studied, and around 1140 a monk named Gratian (fl. 12th century), a teacher at Bologna, wrote what became the standard text of canon law—the Decretum.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ (\"Book of Healing\") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology.", "title": "History of science" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif (\"Book of Concessions\"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy.", "title": "Muslim world" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the Italian physicist Galileo Galilei first observed the planet in the early 17th century, he found it showed phases like the Moon, varying from crescent to gibbous to full and vice versa. When Venus is furthest from the Sun in the sky, it shows a half-lit phase, and when it is closest to the Sun in the sky, it shows as a crescent or full phase. This could be possible only if Venus orbited the Sun, and this was among the first observations to clearly contradict the Ptolemaic geocentric model that the Solar System was concentric and centred on Earth.The 1639 transit of Venus was accurately predicted by Jeremiah Horrocks and observed by him and his friend, William Crabtree, at each of their respective homes, on 4 December 1639 (24 November under the Julian calendar in use at that time).The atmosphere of Venus was discovered in 1761 by Russian polymath Mikhail Lomonosov. Venus's atmosphere was observed in 1790 by German astronomer Johann Schröter. Schröter found when the planet was a thin crescent, the cusps extended through more than 180°. He correctly surmised this was due to scattering of sunlight in a dense atmosphere. Later, American astronomer Chester Smith Lyman observed a complete ring around the dark side of the planet when it was at inferior conjunction, providing further evidence for an atmosphere. The atmosphere complicated efforts to determine a rotation period for the planet, and observers such as Italian-born astronomer Giovanni Cassini and Schröter incorrectly estimated periods of about 24 h from the motions of markings on the planet's apparent surface.", "title": "Venus" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colonel Sun is a novel by Kingsley Amis published by Jonathan Cape on 28 March 1968 under the pseudonym \"Robert Markham\". \"Colonel Sun\" is the first James Bond continuation novel published after Ian Fleming's 1964 death. Before writing the novel, Amis wrote two other Bond related works, the literary study \"The James Bond Dossier\" and the humorous \"The Book of Bond\". \"Colonel Sun\" centres on the fictional British Secret Service operative James Bond and his mission to track down the kidnappers of M, his superior at the Secret Service. During the mission he discovers a communist Chinese plot to cause an international incident. Bond, assisted by a Greek spy working for the Russians, finds M on a small Aegean island, rescues him and kills the two main plotters: Colonel Sun Liang-tan and a former Nazi commander, Von Richter.", "title": "Colonel Sun" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has the longest rotation period (243 days) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets (meaning the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east). It does not have any natural satellites. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. It is the second - brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon, reaching an apparent magnitude of − 4.6 -- bright enough to cast shadows at night and, rarely, visible to the naked eye in broad daylight. Orbiting within Earth's orbit, Venus is an inferior planet and never appears to venture far from the Sun; its maximum angular distance from the Sun (elongation) is 47.8 °.", "title": "Venus" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Pirali Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight - year - old. At the age of sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bhānusiṃha (``Sun Lion ''), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long - lost classics. By 1877 he graduated to his first short stories and dramas, published under his real name. As a humanist, universalist internationalist, and ardent anti-nationalist, he denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy also endures in the institution he founded, Visva - Bharati University.", "title": "Rabindranath Tagore" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canon EOS D30 is a discontinued 3.1-megapixel professional digital single lens reflex camera (DSLR) body, initially announced by Canon on May 17, 2000. It is part of the Canon EOS line of cameras and uses the EF lens mount. The EOS D30 was Canon's first \"home grown\" digital SLR. Before that point Canon had a contract with Kodak to rebrand the Kodak 2-megapixel DCS 520 as Canon EOS D2000 and the 6-megapixel DCS 560 as Canon EOS D6000 digital SLRs, which combined Kodak digital backs and Canon camera bodies.", "title": "Canon EOS D30" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis).", "title": "Canon law" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The son of Canon Brian Christopherson, Christopherson was born in Batley, Yorkshire, United Kingdom, in 1868. He went to the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle, Clifton College and studied at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He received his final medical training at St Bartholomew's Hospital. He received his Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery in 1893 and joined the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons.", "title": "John Brian Christopherson" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frankl was born in Vienna into a Jewish family of civil servants (Beamtenfamilie). His interest in psychology surfaced early. For the final exam (Matura) in Gymnasium, he wrote a paper on the psychology of philosophical thinking. After graduation from Gymnasium in 1923, he studied medicine at the University of Vienna. In practice he specialized in neurology and psychiatry, concentrating on the topics of depression and suicide. His early development was influenced by his contacts with Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler, although he would diverge from their teachings.", "title": "Viktor Frankl" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.", "title": "Muslim world" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Avicenna's astronomical writings had some influence on later writers, although in general his work could be considered less developed than Alhazen or Al-Biruni. One important feature of his writing is that he considers mathematical astronomy as a separate discipline to astrology. He criticized Aristotle's view of the stars receiving their light from the Sun, stating that the stars are self-luminous, and believed that the planets are also self-luminous. He claimed to have observed Venus as a spot on the Sun. This is possible, as there was a transit on May 24, 1032, but Avicenna did not give the date of his observation, and modern scholars have questioned whether he could have observed the transit from his location at that time; he may have mistaken a sunspot for Venus. He used his transit observation to help establish that Venus was, at least sometimes, below the Sun in Ptolemaic cosmology, i.e. the sphere of Venus comes before the sphere of the Sun when moving out from the Earth in the prevailing geocentric model.", "title": "Avicenna" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first session ended in a solemn ceremony on 8 December 1962 with the next session scheduled to occur in 1963 from 12 May to 29 June – this was announced on 12 November 1962. John XXIII's closing speech made subtle references to Pope Pius IX, and he had expressed the desire to see Pius IX beatified and eventually canonized. In his journal in 1959 during a spiritual retreat, John XXIII made this remark: \"I always think of Pius IX of holy and glorious memory, and by imitating him in his sacrifices, I would like to be worthy to celebrate his canonization\".", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elias Tillandz (1640–1693), born \"Tillander\", was a Swedish born doctor and botanist in Finland. He was the professor of medicine at the Academy of Turku. He wrote the country's first botanical work, the \"Catalogus Plantarum\", which was first published in 1673. As a doctor he also prepared medicines for his patients by using his extensive knowledge of plants.", "title": "Elias Tillandz" } ]	Where did the author of The Canon of Medicine think Venus was in relation to the sun?	below the Sun	[ "the Sun", "Sol", "Sun" ]	Title: Venus Passage: When the Italian physicist Galileo Galilei first observed the planet in the early 17th century, he found it showed phases like the Moon, varying from crescent to gibbous to full and vice versa. When Venus is furthest from the Sun in the sky, it shows a half-lit phase, and when it is closest to the Sun in the sky, it shows as a crescent or full phase. This could be possible only if Venus orbited the Sun, and this was among the first observations to clearly contradict the Ptolemaic geocentric model that the Solar System was concentric and centred on Earth.The 1639 transit of Venus was accurately predicted by Jeremiah Horrocks and observed by him and his friend, William Crabtree, at each of their respective homes, on 4 December 1639 (24 November under the Julian calendar in use at that time).The atmosphere of Venus was discovered in 1761 by Russian polymath Mikhail Lomonosov. Venus's atmosphere was observed in 1790 by German astronomer Johann Schröter. Schröter found when the planet was a thin crescent, the cusps extended through more than 180°. He correctly surmised this was due to scattering of sunlight in a dense atmosphere. Later, American astronomer Chester Smith Lyman observed a complete ring around the dark side of the planet when it was at inferior conjunction, providing further evidence for an atmosphere. The atmosphere complicated efforts to determine a rotation period for the planet, and observers such as Italian-born astronomer Giovanni Cassini and Schröter incorrectly estimated periods of about 24 h from the motions of markings on the planet's apparent surface. Title: Annals of Internal Medicine Passage: Annals of Internal Medicine is an academic medical journal published by the American College of Physicians (ACP). It is one of the most widely cited and influential specialty medical journals in the world. "Annals" publishes content relevant to the field of internal medicine and related sub-specialties. "Annals"' mission is to promote excellence in medicine, enable physicians and other health care professionals to be well-informed members of the medical community and society, advance standards in the conduct and reporting of medical research, and contribute to improving the health of people worldwide. To achieve this mission, the journal publishes a wide variety of original research, review articles, practice guidelines, and commentary relevant to clinical practice, health care delivery, public health, health care policy, medical education, ethics, and research methodology. In addition, the journal publishes personal narratives that convey the feeling and the art of medicine. Selected articles in the journal are open access; these include patient oriented content and Clinical Guidelines (and related reviews). Title: Pope John XXIII Passage: The first session ended in a solemn ceremony on 8 December 1962 with the next session scheduled to occur in 1963 from 12 May to 29 June – this was announced on 12 November 1962. John XXIII's closing speech made subtle references to Pope Pius IX, and he had expressed the desire to see Pius IX beatified and eventually canonized. In his journal in 1959 during a spiritual retreat, John XXIII made this remark: "I always think of Pius IX of holy and glorious memory, and by imitating him in his sacrifices, I would like to be worthy to celebrate his canonization". Title: Rabindranath Tagore Passage: A Pirali Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight - year - old. At the age of sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bhānusiṃha (``Sun Lion ''), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long - lost classics. By 1877 he graduated to his first short stories and dramas, published under his real name. As a humanist, universalist internationalist, and ardent anti-nationalist, he denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy also endures in the institution he founded, Visva - Bharati University. Title: Muslim world Passage: Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif ("Book of Concessions"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy. Title: The Blues Brothers (film) Passage: Much of the film was shot on location in and around Chicago between July and October 1979, including Wauconda, Illinois, where the car crashes into the side of Route 12. Made with the cooperation of Mayor Jane M. Byrne, it is credited for putting Chicago on the map as a venue for filmmaking. Nearly 200 movies have been filmed in Chicago. ``Chicago is one of the stars of the movie. We wrote it as a tribute, ''Dan Aykroyd told the Chicago Sun - Times in an article written to mark the film's 25th - anniversary DVD release. Title: Colonel Sun Passage: Colonel Sun is a novel by Kingsley Amis published by Jonathan Cape on 28 March 1968 under the pseudonym "Robert Markham". "Colonel Sun" is the first James Bond continuation novel published after Ian Fleming's 1964 death. Before writing the novel, Amis wrote two other Bond related works, the literary study "The James Bond Dossier" and the humorous "The Book of Bond". "Colonel Sun" centres on the fictional British Secret Service operative James Bond and his mission to track down the kidnappers of M, his superior at the Secret Service. During the mission he discovers a communist Chinese plot to cause an international incident. Bond, assisted by a Greek spy working for the Russians, finds M on a small Aegean island, rescues him and kills the two main plotters: Colonel Sun Liang-tan and a former Nazi commander, Von Richter. Title: Avicenna Passage: Avicenna's astronomical writings had some influence on later writers, although in general his work could be considered less developed than Alhazen or Al-Biruni. One important feature of his writing is that he considers mathematical astronomy as a separate discipline to astrology. He criticized Aristotle's view of the stars receiving their light from the Sun, stating that the stars are self-luminous, and believed that the planets are also self-luminous. He claimed to have observed Venus as a spot on the Sun. This is possible, as there was a transit on May 24, 1032, but Avicenna did not give the date of his observation, and modern scholars have questioned whether he could have observed the transit from his location at that time; he may have mistaken a sunspot for Venus. He used his transit observation to help establish that Venus was, at least sometimes, below the Sun in Ptolemaic cosmology, i.e. the sphere of Venus comes before the sphere of the Sun when moving out from the Earth in the prevailing geocentric model. Title: Venus Passage: Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has the longest rotation period (243 Earth days) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets (meaning the Sun rises in the west and sets in the east). It does not have any natural satellites. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. It is the second-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon, reaching an apparent magnitude of −4.6 – bright enough to cast shadows at night and, rarely, visible to the naked eye in broad daylight. Orbiting within Earth's orbit, Venus is an inferior planet and never appears to venture far from the Sun; its maximum angular distance from the Sun (elongation) is 47.8°. Title: Venus Passage: Venus is the second planet from the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. It has the longest rotation period (243 days) of any planet in the Solar System and rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets (meaning the Sun would rise in the west and set in the east). It does not have any natural satellites. It is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty. It is the second - brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon, reaching an apparent magnitude of − 4.6 -- bright enough to cast shadows at night and, rarely, visible to the naked eye in broad daylight. Orbiting within Earth's orbit, Venus is an inferior planet and never appears to venture far from the Sun; its maximum angular distance from the Sun (elongation) is 47.8 °. Title: Korea Institute for National Unification Passage: The Korea Institute for National Unification is a think tank funded by the South Korean government focusing on issues related to Korean reunification. Title: Canon EOS D30 Passage: The Canon EOS D30 is a discontinued 3.1-megapixel professional digital single lens reflex camera (DSLR) body, initially announced by Canon on May 17, 2000. It is part of the Canon EOS line of cameras and uses the EF lens mount. The EOS D30 was Canon's first "home grown" digital SLR. Before that point Canon had a contract with Kodak to rebrand the Kodak 2-megapixel DCS 520 as Canon EOS D2000 and the 6-megapixel DCS 560 as Canon EOS D6000 digital SLRs, which combined Kodak digital backs and Canon camera bodies. Title: Viktor Frankl Passage: Frankl was born in Vienna into a Jewish family of civil servants (Beamtenfamilie). His interest in psychology surfaced early. For the final exam (Matura) in Gymnasium, he wrote a paper on the psychology of philosophical thinking. After graduation from Gymnasium in 1923, he studied medicine at the University of Vienna. In practice he specialized in neurology and psychiatry, concentrating on the topics of depression and suicide. His early development was influenced by his contacts with Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler, although he would diverge from their teachings. Title: History of medicine Passage: The foundational text of Chinese medicine is the Huangdi neijing, (or Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon), written 5th century to 3rd century BCE. Near the end of the 2nd century CE, during the Han dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, wrote a Treatise on Cold Damage, which contains the earliest known reference to the Neijing Suwen. The Jin Dynasty practitioner and advocate of acupuncture and moxibustion, Huangfu Mi (215 -- 282), also quotes the Yellow Emperor in his Jiayi jing, c. 265. During the Tang Dynasty, the Suwen was expanded and revised, and is now the best extant representation of the foundational roots of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine that is based on the use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage and other forms of therapy has been practiced in China for thousands of years. Title: Elias Tillandz Passage: Elias Tillandz (1640–1693), born "Tillander", was a Swedish born doctor and botanist in Finland. He was the professor of medicine at the Academy of Turku. He wrote the country's first botanical work, the "Catalogus Plantarum", which was first published in 1673. As a doctor he also prepared medicines for his patients by using his extensive knowledge of plants. Title: Canon law Passage: The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis). Title: History of science Passage: Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ ("Book of Healing") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology. Title: Muslim world Passage: One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia. Title: John Brian Christopherson Passage: The son of Canon Brian Christopherson, Christopherson was born in Batley, Yorkshire, United Kingdom, in 1868. He went to the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle, Clifton College and studied at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He received his final medical training at St Bartholomew's Hospital. He received his Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery in 1893 and joined the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons. Title: Middle Ages Passage: Legal studies advanced during the 12th century. Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages. Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna. This led to the recording and standardisation of legal codes throughout Western Europe. Canon law was also studied, and around 1140 a monk named Gratian (fl. 12th century), a teacher at Bologna, wrote what became the standard text of canon law—the Decretum.	[ "Muslim world", "Avicenna" ]
2hop__31094_31122	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albert Edmunds Cahlan, \"aka\" A. E. Cahlan or Al Cahlan (April 8, 1899– June 1968) was an American newspaper publisher and prominent civic leader during the mid-20th century in the forming of Las Vegas. During his lifetime, he was best known for his unabashed approach to the politics of mid-century Las Vegas, which he often wrote about in his daily column.", "title": "Albert Edmunds Cahlan" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Niagara River and Falls have been known outside of North America since the late 17th century, when Father Louis Hennepin, a French explorer, first witnessed them. He wrote about his travels in \"A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America\" (1698).", "title": "Niagara River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its \"mind-only\" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism.", "title": "Idealism" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301). Another important source, Plutarch's (c.50—c.120) Parallel Lives though more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality, outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures. Appian of Alexandria (late first century CE-before 165 CE) wrote a history of the Roman empire that includes information of some Hellenistic kingdoms.", "title": "Hellenistic period" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shadow of the Cloak was a spy drama live television series broadcast on the now-defunct DuMont Television Network. Helmut Dantine played secret agent Peter House. John Gay wrote some of the 36 episodes.", "title": "Shadow of the Cloak" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Hartnett () (18 September 1941 – 13 October 1999) was an Irish poet who wrote in both English and Irish. He was one of the most significant voices in late 20th-century Irish writing and has been called \"Munster's de facto poet laureate\".", "title": "Michael Hartnett" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Brockie (1811–1890) was a 19th-century Scottish born writer, newspaper editor, poet and songwriter who lived for many years in Sunderland.", "title": "William Brockie" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only \"true Christian form of architecture.\"", "title": "Architecture" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pierre Joffroy (born 1929 in Lorraine, France) is a French author, dramaturge and journalist who wrote for \"Paris Match\", \"Libération\" and \"L'Express\". At present he lives in Paris.", "title": "Pierre Joffroy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ietim Gurji (, real name: Ietim Dabghishvili) (1875 in Tbilisi – 15 July 1940) was a Georgian poet. He wrote in Georgian, Armenian and Azeri languages. His poetry mainly was distributed orally, by songs, which he created and performed himself. Main motifs of his poetry were the lives of late 19th and early 20th century Old Tbilisi bohemians, along with workers, peasants and petite bourgeoisie.", "title": "Ietim Gurji" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Summerteeth (stylized as summerteeth) is the third studio album by the American alternative rock band Wilco, released on March 9, 1999 by Reprise Records. The album was heavily influenced lyrically by 20th century literature, as well as singer Jeff Tweedy's marital problems. Unlike previous albums, \"Summerteeth\" was heavily overdubbed in the studio with Pro Tools. Tweedy and Jay Bennett wrote most of the album in the studio, a contrast to the band's previous albums, which were often recorded live by the entire band with minimal overdubs.", "title": "Summerteeth" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Storm of the Century, alternatively known as Stephen King's Storm of the Century, is a 1999 American horror television miniseries written by Stephen King and directed by Craig R. Baxley. Unlike many other King mini-series, \"Storm of the Century\" was not based upon a Stephen King novel—King wrote it as a screenplay from the beginning. The screenplay was published in February 1999.", "title": "Storm of the Century" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joseph Merk (18 January 179516 July 1852) was a noted Austrian cellist, often described as one of the most influential of the first half of the 19th century. He also wrote a number of compositions for the cello.", "title": "Joseph Merk" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 10, 2017, ABC canceled Last Man Standing after six seasons, despite the series being the second most - watched ABC sitcom during the 2016 -- 17 season (based on Live + 7 figures), with ratings remaining mostly steady during its sixth season. A rep for 20th Century Fox TV said cancellation decisions are made by ABC. ``This was a scheduling decision, ''wrote Jori Arancio, senior vice president of ABC Entertainment and ABC Studios. ABC and its production partner for the show, 20th Century Fox TV, typically negotiate licensing fees prior to each season; however, the network decided to cancel the show without doing so. Also, the contract between 20th Century Fox Television and ABC for the show, in which 20th Century Fox Television covered the cost of production, had expired after six seasons. Had the series been renewed for a seventh season, ABC would have been required to pick up Last Man Standing's production costs, which the network was unwilling to do.", "title": "Last Man Standing (American TV series)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states that Mary went to live with the Disciple whom Jesus loved,[Jn 19:27] identified as John the Evangelist.[citation needed] Irenaeus and Eusebius of Caesarea wrote in their histories that John later went to Ephesus, which may provide the basis for the early belief that Mary also lived in Ephesus with John.", "title": "Mary, mother of Jesus" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism. In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived, or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving. (For Berkeley, God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it.) In his text Alciphron, Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God. Berkeley's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism.", "title": "Empiricism" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Oster (1938–1999) was a French writer. He wrote more than 20 books in a variety of genres, spanning both fiction and non-fiction. A specialist in French literature of the 19th century, he wrote extensively on Paul Valéry and Stephane Mallarmé. In recognition of his contributions, he received the Chevalier de l’Ordre National du Mérite from the French government.", "title": "Daniel Oster" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlos Esparza (1828–September 28, 1885), lived in Mexico at the Texas border, and during his life he served as a soldier and the leader of the spy ring of Juan Cortina. In addition, he wrote poetry and proverbs.", "title": "Carlos Esparza" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ralph de Toledano (1916–2007) was a 20th-century American writer in the conservative movement in the United States throughout the second half of the 20th century. A friend of Richard Nixon, he was a journalist and editor of \"Newsweek\" and the \"National Review\", and the author of 26 books, including two novels and a book of poetry. Besides his political contributions, he also wrote about music, particularly jazz.", "title": "Ralph de Toledano" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gerrit de Hooch was a 17th-century Dutch painter of italianate landscapes, who lived and worked in The Hague (the Netherlands).", "title": "Gerrit de Hooch" } ]	The author of Alciphron lived in what century?	18th	[ "18th-century" ]	Title: Storm of the Century Passage: Storm of the Century, alternatively known as Stephen King's Storm of the Century, is a 1999 American horror television miniseries written by Stephen King and directed by Craig R. Baxley. Unlike many other King mini-series, "Storm of the Century" was not based upon a Stephen King novel—King wrote it as a screenplay from the beginning. The screenplay was published in February 1999. Title: Mary, mother of Jesus Passage: In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states that Mary went to live with the Disciple whom Jesus loved,[Jn 19:27] identified as John the Evangelist.[citation needed] Irenaeus and Eusebius of Caesarea wrote in their histories that John later went to Ephesus, which may provide the basis for the early belief that Mary also lived in Ephesus with John. Title: Pierre Joffroy Passage: Pierre Joffroy (born 1929 in Lorraine, France) is a French author, dramaturge and journalist who wrote for "Paris Match", "Libération" and "L'Express". At present he lives in Paris. Title: Albert Edmunds Cahlan Passage: Albert Edmunds Cahlan, "aka" A. E. Cahlan or Al Cahlan (April 8, 1899– June 1968) was an American newspaper publisher and prominent civic leader during the mid-20th century in the forming of Las Vegas. During his lifetime, he was best known for his unabashed approach to the politics of mid-century Las Vegas, which he often wrote about in his daily column. Title: Hellenistic period Passage: The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301). Another important source, Plutarch's (c.50—c.120) Parallel Lives though more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality, outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures. Appian of Alexandria (late first century CE-before 165 CE) wrote a history of the Roman empire that includes information of some Hellenistic kingdoms. Title: Ietim Gurji Passage: Ietim Gurji (, real name: Ietim Dabghishvili) (1875 in Tbilisi – 15 July 1940) was a Georgian poet. He wrote in Georgian, Armenian and Azeri languages. His poetry mainly was distributed orally, by songs, which he created and performed himself. Main motifs of his poetry were the lives of late 19th and early 20th century Old Tbilisi bohemians, along with workers, peasants and petite bourgeoisie. Title: Last Man Standing (American TV series) Passage: On May 10, 2017, ABC canceled Last Man Standing after six seasons, despite the series being the second most - watched ABC sitcom during the 2016 -- 17 season (based on Live + 7 figures), with ratings remaining mostly steady during its sixth season. A rep for 20th Century Fox TV said cancellation decisions are made by ABC. ``This was a scheduling decision, ''wrote Jori Arancio, senior vice president of ABC Entertainment and ABC Studios. ABC and its production partner for the show, 20th Century Fox TV, typically negotiate licensing fees prior to each season; however, the network decided to cancel the show without doing so. Also, the contract between 20th Century Fox Television and ABC for the show, in which 20th Century Fox Television covered the cost of production, had expired after six seasons. Had the series been renewed for a seventh season, ABC would have been required to pick up Last Man Standing's production costs, which the network was unwilling to do. Title: Daniel Oster Passage: Daniel Oster (1938–1999) was a French writer. He wrote more than 20 books in a variety of genres, spanning both fiction and non-fiction. A specialist in French literature of the 19th century, he wrote extensively on Paul Valéry and Stephane Mallarmé. In recognition of his contributions, he received the Chevalier de l’Ordre National du Mérite from the French government. Title: Architecture Passage: In the early 19th century, Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin wrote Contrasts (1836) that, as the titled suggested, contrasted the modern, industrial world, which he disparaged, with an idealized image of neo-medieval world. Gothic architecture, Pugin believed, was the only "true Christian form of architecture." Title: Carlos Esparza Passage: Carlos Esparza (1828–September 28, 1885), lived in Mexico at the Texas border, and during his life he served as a soldier and the leader of the spy ring of Juan Cortina. In addition, he wrote poetry and proverbs. Title: Shadow of the Cloak Passage: Shadow of the Cloak was a spy drama live television series broadcast on the now-defunct DuMont Television Network. Helmut Dantine played secret agent Peter House. John Gay wrote some of the 36 episodes. Title: Ralph de Toledano Passage: Ralph de Toledano (1916–2007) was a 20th-century American writer in the conservative movement in the United States throughout the second half of the 20th century. A friend of Richard Nixon, he was a journalist and editor of "Newsweek" and the "National Review", and the author of 26 books, including two novels and a book of poetry. Besides his political contributions, he also wrote about music, particularly jazz. Title: Empiricism Passage: A generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism. In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived, or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving. (For Berkeley, God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it.) In his text Alciphron, Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God. Berkeley's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism. Title: Michael Hartnett Passage: Michael Hartnett () (18 September 1941 – 13 October 1999) was an Irish poet who wrote in both English and Irish. He was one of the most significant voices in late 20th-century Irish writing and has been called "Munster's de facto poet laureate". Title: Summerteeth Passage: Summerteeth (stylized as summerteeth) is the third studio album by the American alternative rock band Wilco, released on March 9, 1999 by Reprise Records. The album was heavily influenced lyrically by 20th century literature, as well as singer Jeff Tweedy's marital problems. Unlike previous albums, "Summerteeth" was heavily overdubbed in the studio with Pro Tools. Tweedy and Jay Bennett wrote most of the album in the studio, a contrast to the band's previous albums, which were often recorded live by the entire band with minimal overdubs. Title: William Brockie Passage: William Brockie (1811–1890) was a 19th-century Scottish born writer, newspaper editor, poet and songwriter who lived for many years in Sunderland. Title: Gerrit de Hooch Passage: Gerrit de Hooch was a 17th-century Dutch painter of italianate landscapes, who lived and worked in The Hague (the Netherlands). Title: Joseph Merk Passage: Joseph Merk (18 January 179516 July 1852) was a noted Austrian cellist, often described as one of the most influential of the first half of the 19th century. He also wrote a number of compositions for the cello. Title: Idealism Passage: The earliest extant arguments that the world of experience is grounded in the mental derive from India and Greece. The Hindu idealists in India and the Greek Neoplatonists gave panentheistic arguments for an all-pervading consciousness as the ground or true nature of reality. In contrast, the Yogācāra school, which arose within Mahayana Buddhism in India in the 4th century CE, based its "mind-only" idealism to a greater extent on phenomenological analyses of personal experience. This turn toward the subjective anticipated empiricists such as George Berkeley, who revived idealism in 18th-century Europe by employing skeptical arguments against materialism. Title: Niagara River Passage: The Niagara River and Falls have been known outside of North America since the late 17th century, when Father Louis Hennepin, a French explorer, first witnessed them. He wrote about his travels in "A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America" (1698).	[ "Idealism", "Empiricism" ]
2hop__267938_92763	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "University of Miami Latin: Universitas Miamiensis Motto Magna est veritas (Latin) Motto in English Great is the truth Type Private Established 1925; 93 years ago (1925) Academic affiliations NAICU SURA ORAU Endowment $949 million (2017) Budget $3.3 billion (2016) Chairman Richard D. Fain President Julio Frenk Provost Jeffrey Duerk Academic staff 3,045 Administrative staff 10,985 Students 16,801 Undergraduates 10,849 Postgraduates 5,952 Location Coral Gables, Florida, U.S. Campus Suburban Total 453 acres (1.83 km) Colors Orange, Green, White Nickname Hurricanes Sporting affiliations NCAA Division I -- ACC Mascot Sebastian the Ibis Website www.miami.edu", "title": "University of Miami" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A graduate of the Northwestern University school of speech under Alvina Krause, Clay taught at Oberlin College (1956 - 1957), the University of Miami (1957 - 1961), and the University of South Florida (1961 - 1966). He also headed the Professional Actors Training Programs at Southern Methodist University (1966 - 1986) and the University of Washington (1986 - 1991.) While in Dallas, He founded \"Stage #1,\" a professional acting company, and served as its artistic director for eight years.", "title": "Jack Clay" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clay Hill, also spelled Clayhill, is an unincorporated community in Marengo County, Alabama, United States. Clay Hill was established prior to the American Civil War. It had a post office at one time, but it no longer exists.", "title": "Clay Hill, Alabama" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Molly Ringwald as Andie Walsh Harry Dean Stanton as Jack Walsh Jon Cryer as Philip F. ``Duckie ''Dale Annie Potts as Iona James Spader as Steff McKee Andrew McCarthy as Blane McDonough Kate Vernon as Benny Hanson Andrew Dice Clay as Bouncer Kristy Swanson as Duckette Alexa Kenin as Jena Hoeman Dweezil Zappa as Simon Gina Gershon as Trombley", "title": "Pretty in Pink" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margaret A Boozer (born 1966) is an American ceramist and sculpture artist, best known for her clay and ceramic compositions, or landscapes, that focus on the individuality, history, and geology of the clay used as subject matters.", "title": "Margaret Boozer" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Light is an album by jazz trumpeter Freddie Hubbard. Recorded in 1971, it features string arrangements by Don Sebesky. It was his third album released on Creed Taylor's CTI label and features performances by Hubbard, Herbie Hancock, Eric Gale, George Benson, Ron Carter, Jack DeJohnette, Airto Moreira and Richard Wyands. The album is part of a loose trilogy including his two previous records at the time, \"Red Clay\" and \"Straight Life\". \"First Light\" won a 1972 Grammy Award for \"Best Jazz Performance by a Group\"", "title": "First Light (Freddie Hubbard album)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Confederation of Finnish Industries (EK, , ) is the largest employers' association in Finland. It was formed at the beginning of 2005 when the two employers' associations \"Palvelutyönantajat\" (Employers of the Service Sector) and \"Teollisuuden ja Työnantajain Keskusliitto\" (Union of Industries and Employers) merged. EK's member companies collectively contribute over 70% of Finland's GDP, and over 95% of Finland's exports. It has considerable negotiating power, since Finland has universal validity of collective labour agreements, and often a national income policy agreement is reached.", "title": "Confederation of Finnish Industries" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samuel Estreicher (born 1948) is Dwight D. Opperman Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, director of its Center for Labor and Employment and co-director of its Institute of Judicial Administration. He has published scores of articles and several books on labor law, employment law, employment discrimination law, U.S. foreign relations law, international law, and Supreme Court decisionmaking.", "title": "Samuel Estreicher" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner.", "title": "Form I-9" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 20th century British economist William Beveridge stated that an unemployment rate of 3% was full employment. For the United States, economist William T. Dickens found that full - employment unemployment rate varied a lot over time but equaled about 5.5 percent of the civilian labor force during the 2000s. Recently, economists have emphasized the idea that full employment represents a ``range ''of possible unemployment rates. For example, in 1999, in the United States, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gives an estimate of the`` full - employment unemployment rate'' of 4 to 6.4%. This is the estimated unemployment rate at full employment, plus & minus the standard error of the estimate.", "title": "Full employment" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clay Center Township is a township in Clay County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 368.", "title": "Clay Center Township, Clay County, Kansas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bowie Independent School District is a public school district based in Bowie, Texas (USA). Located in Montague County, the district also serves the city of Sunset. Small portions of the district extend into Jack and Clay counties.", "title": "Bowie Independent School District" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits.", "title": "Full-time" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jack P. Shepherd Jack Peter Shepherd (1988 - 01 - 14) 14 January 1988 (age 30) Occupation Actor Years active 1999 -- present Employer ITV Known for Role of David Platt Notable work David Platt in Coronation Street Height 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) Television Coronation Street (2000 --) Children", "title": "Jack P. Shepherd" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Employment Standards Act of British Columbia (Canada), is legislation enacted by the provincial government of British Columbia to protect the rights of working people. Sections within the act outline the employers responsibility to their employees, notably things such as minimum wage, meal breaks, and parental leave. The act also works to protect residents of the province by preventing employment discrimination.", "title": "Employment Standards Act of British Columbia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sophia Batchelor (born 20 April 1995 in Canterbury, New Zealand) is a swimmer from New Zealand who competed at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships. In 2013, she enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley, but has since enrolled at the University of Florida.", "title": "Sophia Batchelor" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rixton Clay Pits (also known as Rixton Claypits) is a former clay extraction site in Rixton, near Hollins Green, Warrington, England. Formerly farmland, boulder clay extraction started in the 1920s for brick making in the adjacent brickworks, and ceased in 1965 - since when it has been allowed to return to nature. It is now an area of ponds, scrub, woodland and damp grassland. It is owned and managed by Warrington Borough Council as a local amenity.", "title": "Rixton Clay Pits" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clashmore (Irish \"Clais Mhór\") is a village in west County Waterford, Ireland. The village and surrounding district are very low lying, as the name Clais Mór --- \"The great hollow or trench\" --- implies; elsewhere the land is rather hilly. It is also a parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Waterford and Lismore.", "title": "Clashmore" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glen is an unincorporated community in Clay County, West Virginia, United States. Glen is southwest of Clay. Glen has a post office with ZIP code 25088.", "title": "Glen, West Virginia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bickmore is an unincorporated community and coal town in Clay County, West Virginia, United States. Bickmore is located on West Virginia Route 16, south-southwest of Clay. Bickmore has a post office with ZIP code 25019.", "title": "Bickmore, West Virginia" } ]	What is the enrollment at Jack Clay's employer?	16,801	[]	Title: Confederation of Finnish Industries Passage: The Confederation of Finnish Industries (EK, , ) is the largest employers' association in Finland. It was formed at the beginning of 2005 when the two employers' associations "Palvelutyönantajat" (Employers of the Service Sector) and "Teollisuuden ja Työnantajain Keskusliitto" (Union of Industries and Employers) merged. EK's member companies collectively contribute over 70% of Finland's GDP, and over 95% of Finland's exports. It has considerable negotiating power, since Finland has universal validity of collective labour agreements, and often a national income policy agreement is reached. Title: Sophia Batchelor Passage: Sophia Batchelor (born 20 April 1995 in Canterbury, New Zealand) is a swimmer from New Zealand who competed at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships. In 2013, she enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley, but has since enrolled at the University of Florida. Title: First Light (Freddie Hubbard album) Passage: First Light is an album by jazz trumpeter Freddie Hubbard. Recorded in 1971, it features string arrangements by Don Sebesky. It was his third album released on Creed Taylor's CTI label and features performances by Hubbard, Herbie Hancock, Eric Gale, George Benson, Ron Carter, Jack DeJohnette, Airto Moreira and Richard Wyands. The album is part of a loose trilogy including his two previous records at the time, "Red Clay" and "Straight Life". "First Light" won a 1972 Grammy Award for "Best Jazz Performance by a Group" Title: Clay Hill, Alabama Passage: Clay Hill, also spelled Clayhill, is an unincorporated community in Marengo County, Alabama, United States. Clay Hill was established prior to the American Civil War. It had a post office at one time, but it no longer exists. Title: Form I-9 Passage: Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner. Title: Full-time Passage: Full - time employment is employment in which a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his / her employer. Full - time employment often comes with benefits that are not typically offered to part - time, temporary, or flexible workers, such as annual leave, sickleave, and health insurance. Part - time jobs are mistakenly thought by some to not be careers. However, legislation exists to stop employers from discriminating against part - time workers so this should not be a factor when making decisions on career advancement. They generally pay more than part - time jobs per hour, and this is similarly discriminatory if the pay decision is based on part - time status as a primary factor. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) does not define full - time employment or part - time employment. This is a matter generally to be determined by the employer (US Department of Labor). The definition by employer can vary and is generally published in a company's Employee Handbook. Companies commonly require from 35 to 40 hours per week to be defined as full - time and therefore eligible for benefits. Title: Jack P. Shepherd Passage: Jack P. Shepherd Jack Peter Shepherd (1988 - 01 - 14) 14 January 1988 (age 30) Occupation Actor Years active 1999 -- present Employer ITV Known for Role of David Platt Notable work David Platt in Coronation Street Height 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) Television Coronation Street (2000 --) Children Title: Clay Center Township, Clay County, Kansas Passage: Clay Center Township is a township in Clay County, Kansas, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 368. Title: Samuel Estreicher Passage: Samuel Estreicher (born 1948) is Dwight D. Opperman Professor of Law at New York University School of Law, director of its Center for Labor and Employment and co-director of its Institute of Judicial Administration. He has published scores of articles and several books on labor law, employment law, employment discrimination law, U.S. foreign relations law, international law, and Supreme Court decisionmaking. Title: University of Miami Passage: University of Miami Latin: Universitas Miamiensis Motto Magna est veritas (Latin) Motto in English Great is the truth Type Private Established 1925; 93 years ago (1925) Academic affiliations NAICU SURA ORAU Endowment $949 million (2017) Budget $3.3 billion (2016) Chairman Richard D. Fain President Julio Frenk Provost Jeffrey Duerk Academic staff 3,045 Administrative staff 10,985 Students 16,801 Undergraduates 10,849 Postgraduates 5,952 Location Coral Gables, Florida, U.S. Campus Suburban Total 453 acres (1.83 km) Colors Orange, Green, White Nickname Hurricanes Sporting affiliations NCAA Division I -- ACC Mascot Sebastian the Ibis Website www.miami.edu Title: Pretty in Pink Passage: Molly Ringwald as Andie Walsh Harry Dean Stanton as Jack Walsh Jon Cryer as Philip F. ``Duckie ''Dale Annie Potts as Iona James Spader as Steff McKee Andrew McCarthy as Blane McDonough Kate Vernon as Benny Hanson Andrew Dice Clay as Bouncer Kristy Swanson as Duckette Alexa Kenin as Jena Hoeman Dweezil Zappa as Simon Gina Gershon as Trombley Title: Rixton Clay Pits Passage: Rixton Clay Pits (also known as Rixton Claypits) is a former clay extraction site in Rixton, near Hollins Green, Warrington, England. Formerly farmland, boulder clay extraction started in the 1920s for brick making in the adjacent brickworks, and ceased in 1965 - since when it has been allowed to return to nature. It is now an area of ponds, scrub, woodland and damp grassland. It is owned and managed by Warrington Borough Council as a local amenity. Title: Employment Standards Act of British Columbia Passage: The Employment Standards Act of British Columbia (Canada), is legislation enacted by the provincial government of British Columbia to protect the rights of working people. Sections within the act outline the employers responsibility to their employees, notably things such as minimum wage, meal breaks, and parental leave. The act also works to protect residents of the province by preventing employment discrimination. Title: Glen, West Virginia Passage: Glen is an unincorporated community in Clay County, West Virginia, United States. Glen is southwest of Clay. Glen has a post office with ZIP code 25088. Title: Jack Clay Passage: A graduate of the Northwestern University school of speech under Alvina Krause, Clay taught at Oberlin College (1956 - 1957), the University of Miami (1957 - 1961), and the University of South Florida (1961 - 1966). He also headed the Professional Actors Training Programs at Southern Methodist University (1966 - 1986) and the University of Washington (1986 - 1991.) While in Dallas, He founded "Stage #1," a professional acting company, and served as its artistic director for eight years. Title: Full employment Passage: The 20th century British economist William Beveridge stated that an unemployment rate of 3% was full employment. For the United States, economist William T. Dickens found that full - employment unemployment rate varied a lot over time but equaled about 5.5 percent of the civilian labor force during the 2000s. Recently, economists have emphasized the idea that full employment represents a ``range ''of possible unemployment rates. For example, in 1999, in the United States, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) gives an estimate of the`` full - employment unemployment rate'' of 4 to 6.4%. This is the estimated unemployment rate at full employment, plus & minus the standard error of the estimate. Title: Clashmore Passage: Clashmore (Irish "Clais Mhór") is a village in west County Waterford, Ireland. The village and surrounding district are very low lying, as the name Clais Mór --- "The great hollow or trench" --- implies; elsewhere the land is rather hilly. It is also a parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Waterford and Lismore. Title: Bowie Independent School District Passage: The Bowie Independent School District is a public school district based in Bowie, Texas (USA). Located in Montague County, the district also serves the city of Sunset. Small portions of the district extend into Jack and Clay counties. Title: Bickmore, West Virginia Passage: Bickmore is an unincorporated community and coal town in Clay County, West Virginia, United States. Bickmore is located on West Virginia Route 16, south-southwest of Clay. Bickmore has a post office with ZIP code 25019. Title: Margaret Boozer Passage: Margaret A Boozer (born 1966) is an American ceramist and sculpture artist, best known for her clay and ceramic compositions, or landscapes, that focus on the individuality, history, and geology of the clay used as subject matters.	[ "University of Miami", "Jack Clay" ]
2hop__21104_16335	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Witherspoon et al. (2007) have argued that even when individuals can be reliably assigned to specific population groups, it may still be possible for two randomly chosen individuals from different populations/clusters to be more similar to each other than to a randomly chosen member of their own cluster. They found that many thousands of genetic markers had to be used in order for the answer to the question \"How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?\" to be \"never\". This assumed three population groups separated by large geographic ranges (European, African and East Asian). The entire world population is much more complex and studying an increasing number of groups would require an increasing number of markers for the same answer. The authors conclude that \"caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes.\" Witherspoon, et al. concluded that, \"The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our ﬁnding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population.\"", "title": "Race (human categorization)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Late Carboniferous and Early Permian insect orders include both extant groups, their stem groups, and a number of Paleozoic groups, now extinct. During this era, some giant dragonfly-like forms reached wingspans of 55 to 70 cm (22 to 28 in), making them far larger than any living insect. This gigantism may have been due to higher atmospheric oxygen levels that allowed increased respiratory efficiency relative to today. The lack of flying vertebrates could have been another factor. Most extinct orders of insects developed during the Permian period that began around 270 million years ago. Many of the early groups became extinct during the Permian-Triassic extinction event, the largest mass extinction in the history of the Earth, around 252 million years ago.", "title": "Insect" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with \"relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim,\" and a total admixture estimate \"very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%.\" This supported the finding that \"Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors.\" \"Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East,\" Richards said.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. They show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry in common. For Jewish populations of the diaspora, the genetic composition of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish populations show a predominant amount of shared Middle Eastern ancestry. According to Behar, the most parsimonious explanation for this shared Middle Eastern ancestry is that it is \"consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\" and \"the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World\". North African, Italian and others of Iberian origin show variable frequencies of admixture with non-Jewish historical host populations among the maternal lines. In the case of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews (in particular Moroccan Jews), who are closely related, the source of non-Jewish admixture is mainly southern European, while Mizrahi Jews show evidence of admixture with other Middle Eastern populations and Sub-Saharan Africans. Behar et al. have remarked on an especially close relationship of Ashkenazi Jews and modern Italians.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to a report published in 2014, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel (6.1 million), and 40% in the United States (5.7 million), with most of the remainder living in Europe (1.4 million) and Canada (0.4 million). These numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure. In addition to issues with census methodology, disputes among proponents of halakhic, secular, political, and ancestral identification factors regarding who is a Jew may affect the figure considerably depending on the source.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The population geneticist Sewall Wright developed one way of measuring genetic differences between populations known as the Fixation index, which is often abbreviated to FST. This statistic is often used in taxonomy to compare differences between any two given populations by measuring the genetic differences among and between populations for individual genes, or for many genes simultaneously. It is often stated that the fixation index for humans is about 0.15. This translates to an estimated 85% of the variation measured in the overall human population is found within individuals of the same population, and about 15% of the variation occurs between populations. These estimates imply that any two individuals from different populations are almost as likely to be more similar to each other than either is to a member of their own group. Richard Lewontin, who affirmed these ratios, thus concluded neither \"race\" nor \"subspecies\" were appropriate or useful ways to describe human populations. However, others have noticed that group variation was relatively similar to the variation observed in other mammalian species.", "title": "Race (human categorization)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The development of type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors. While some of these factors are under personal control, such as diet and obesity, other factors are not, such as increasing age, female gender, and genetics. Obesity is more common in women than men in many parts of Africa. A lack of sleep has been linked to type 2 diabetes. This is believed to act through its effect on metabolism. The nutritional status of a mother during fetal development may also play a role, with one proposed mechanism being that of DNA methylation. The intestinal bacteria Prevotella copri and Bacteroides vulgatus have been connected with type 2 diabetes.", "title": "Type 2 diabetes" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates \"the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity.\"[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations. Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci. They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to \"circumvent some of the complications associated with selection\".", "title": "Race (human categorization)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language.", "title": "Jews" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child is another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations although some of these explanations may in turn ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male:female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development.", "title": "Infection" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance languages, with Italian and Spanish having a high degree of mutual comprehensibility, which neither language shares with French, despite some claiming that both languages are genetically closer to French than to each other:[citation needed] In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship. In fact, Italian and French share many more root words in common that do not even appear in Spanish.", "title": "Dialect" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated \"Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry\", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that \"the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant\".", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorbed into the multi-racial category by intermixing. A 2007 genetic study found that at least 29% of the middle-class, white Brazilian population had some recent (since 1822 and the end of the colonial period) African ancestry.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A limited partnership (LP) is a form of partnership similar to a general partnership except that while a general partnership must have at least two general partners (GPs), a limited partnership must have at least one GP and at least one limited partner.", "title": "Limited partnership" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other historians believe that conversion during the Roman era was limited in number and did not account for much of the Jewish population growth, due to various factors such as the illegality of male conversion to Judaism in the Roman world from the mid-2nd century. Another factor that would have made conversion difficult in the Roman world was the halakhic requirement of circumcision, a requirement that proselytizing Christianity quickly dropped. The Fiscus Judaicus, a tax imposed on Jews in 70 CE and relaxed to exclude Christians in 96 CE, also limited Judaism's appeal. In addition, historians argue the very figure (4 million) that had been guessed to account for the population of Jews in the ancient Roman Empire is an error that has long been disproven and thus the assumption that conversion impacted Jewish population growth in ancient Rome on a large scale is false. The 8 million figure is also in doubt as it may refer to a census of total Roman citizens.", "title": "Jews" } ]	The group representing at least 70% of Jews worldwide and Italians may be genetically similar due to what two factors?	inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire	[ "Roman Empire" ]	Title: Jews Passage: According to a report published in 2014, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel (6.1 million), and 40% in the United States (5.7 million), with most of the remainder living in Europe (1.4 million) and Canada (0.4 million). These numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure. In addition to issues with census methodology, disputes among proponents of halakhic, secular, political, and ancestral identification factors regarding who is a Jew may affect the figure considerably depending on the source. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: It is estimated that in the 11th century Ashkenazi Jews composed only three percent of the world's Jewish population, while at their peak in 1931 they accounted for 92 percent of the world's Jews. Immediately prior to the Holocaust, the number of Jews in the world stood at approximately 16.7 million. Statistical figures vary for the contemporary demography of Ashkenazi Jews, oscillating between 10 million and 11.2 million. Sergio DellaPergola in a rough calculation of Sephardic and Mizrahi Jews, implies that Ashkenazi make up less than 74% of Jews worldwide. Other estimates place Ashkenazi Jews as making up about 75% of Jews worldwide. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated "Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European populations suggested similar origins for European Jewry and refuted large-scale genetic contributions of Central and Eastern European and Slavic populations to the formation of Ashkenazi Jewry", as both groups – the Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews – shared common ancestors in the Middle East about 2500 years ago. The study examines genetic markers spread across the entire genome and shows that the Jewish groups (Ashkenazi and non Ashkenazi) share large swaths of DNA, indicating close relationships and that each of the Jewish groups in the study (Iranian, Iraqi, Syrian, Italian, Turkish, Greek and Ashkenazi) has its own genetic signature but is more closely related to the other Jewish groups than to their fellow non-Jewish countrymen. Atzmon's team found that the SNP markers in genetic segments of 3 million DNA letters or longer were 10 times more likely to be identical among Jews than non-Jews. Results of the analysis also tally with biblical accounts of the fate of the Jews. The study also found that with respect to non-Jewish European groups, the population most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews are modern-day Italians. The study speculated that the genetic-similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be due to inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire. It was also found that any two Ashkenazi Jewish participants in the study shared about as much DNA as fourth or fifth cousins. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship with people from the Levant. The authors explained that "the most parsimonious explanation for these observations is a common genetic origin, which is consistent with an historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant". Title: Jews Passage: Other historians believe that conversion during the Roman era was limited in number and did not account for much of the Jewish population growth, due to various factors such as the illegality of male conversion to Judaism in the Roman world from the mid-2nd century. Another factor that would have made conversion difficult in the Roman world was the halakhic requirement of circumcision, a requirement that proselytizing Christianity quickly dropped. The Fiscus Judaicus, a tax imposed on Jews in 70 CE and relaxed to exclude Christians in 96 CE, also limited Judaism's appeal. In addition, historians argue the very figure (4 million) that had been guessed to account for the population of Jews in the ancient Roman Empire is an error that has long been disproven and thus the assumption that conversion impacted Jewish population growth in ancient Rome on a large scale is false. The 8 million figure is also in doubt as it may refer to a census of total Roman citizens. Title: Race (human categorization) Passage: Witherspoon et al. (2007) have argued that even when individuals can be reliably assigned to specific population groups, it may still be possible for two randomly chosen individuals from different populations/clusters to be more similar to each other than to a randomly chosen member of their own cluster. They found that many thousands of genetic markers had to be used in order for the answer to the question "How often is a pair of individuals from one population genetically more dissimilar than two individuals chosen from two different populations?" to be "never". This assumed three population groups separated by large geographic ranges (European, African and East Asian). The entire world population is much more complex and studying an increasing number of groups would require an increasing number of markers for the same answer. The authors conclude that "caution should be used when using geographic or genetic ancestry to make inferences about individual phenotypes." Witherspoon, et al. concluded that, "The fact that, given enough genetic data, individuals can be correctly assigned to their populations of origin is compatible with the observation that most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them. It is also compatible with our ﬁnding that, even when the most distinct populations are considered and hundreds of loci are used, individuals are frequently more similar to members of other populations than to members of their own population." Title: Dialect Passage: This can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance languages, with Italian and Spanish having a high degree of mutual comprehensibility, which neither language shares with French, despite some claiming that both languages are genetically closer to French than to each other:[citation needed] In fact, French-Italian and French-Spanish relative mutual incomprehensibility is due to French having undergone more rapid and more pervasive phonological change than have Spanish and Italian, not to real or imagined distance in genetic relationship. In fact, Italian and French share many more root words in common that do not even appear in Spanish. Title: Jews Passage: Ashkenazi Jews represent the bulk of modern Jewry, with at least 70% of Jews worldwide (and up to 90% prior to World War II and the Holocaust). As a result of their emigration from Europe, Ashkenazim also represent the overwhelming majority of Jews in the New World continents, in countries such as the United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and Brazil. In France, the immigration of Jews from Algeria (Sephardim) has led them to outnumber the Ashkenazim. Only in Israel is the Jewish population representative of all groups, a melting pot independent of each group's proportion within the overall world Jewish population. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families. Title: Jews Passage: Genetic studies on Jews show that most Jews worldwide bear a common genetic heritage which originates in the Middle East, and that they bear their strongest resemblance to the peoples of the Fertile Crescent. The genetic composition of different Jewish groups shows that Jews share a common genetic pool dating back 4,000 years, as a marker of their common ancestral origin. Despite their long-term separation and beside their shared genetic origin, Jews also maintained a common culture, tradition, and language. Title: Black people Passage: By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorbed into the multi-racial category by intermixing. A 2007 genetic study found that at least 29% of the middle-class, white Brazilian population had some recent (since 1822 and the end of the colonial period) African ancestry. Title: Insect Passage: Late Carboniferous and Early Permian insect orders include both extant groups, their stem groups, and a number of Paleozoic groups, now extinct. During this era, some giant dragonfly-like forms reached wingspans of 55 to 70 cm (22 to 28 in), making them far larger than any living insect. This gigantism may have been due to higher atmospheric oxygen levels that allowed increased respiratory efficiency relative to today. The lack of flying vertebrates could have been another factor. Most extinct orders of insects developed during the Permian period that began around 270 million years ago. Many of the early groups became extinct during the Permian-Triassic extinction event, the largest mass extinction in the history of the Earth, around 252 million years ago. Title: Infection Passage: A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child is another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations although some of these explanations may in turn ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male:female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development. Title: Race (human categorization) Passage: Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations. Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci. They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to "circumvent some of the complications associated with selection". Title: Jews Passage: Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. They show that Jewish populations have tended to form relatively closely related groups in independent communities, with most in a community sharing significant ancestry in common. For Jewish populations of the diaspora, the genetic composition of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Mizrahi Jewish populations show a predominant amount of shared Middle Eastern ancestry. According to Behar, the most parsimonious explanation for this shared Middle Eastern ancestry is that it is "consistent with the historical formulation of the Jewish people as descending from ancient Hebrew and Israelite residents of the Levant" and "the dispersion of the people of ancient Israel throughout the Old World". North African, Italian and others of Iberian origin show variable frequencies of admixture with non-Jewish historical host populations among the maternal lines. In the case of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews (in particular Moroccan Jews), who are closely related, the source of non-Jewish admixture is mainly southern European, while Mizrahi Jews show evidence of admixture with other Middle Eastern populations and Sub-Saharan Africans. Behar et al. have remarked on an especially close relationship of Ashkenazi Jews and modern Italians. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A study of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome, published in 2000, addressed the paternal origins of Ashkenazi Jews. Hammer et al. found that the Y-chromosome of Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews contained mutations that are also common among Middle Eastern peoples, but uncommon in the general European population. This suggested that the male ancestors of the Ashkenazi Jews could be traced mostly to the Middle East. The proportion of male genetic admixture in Ashkenazi Jews amounts to less than 0.5% per generation over an estimated 80 generations, with "relatively minor contribution of European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim," and a total admixture estimate "very similar to Motulsky's average estimate of 12.5%." This supported the finding that "Diaspora Jews from Europe, Northwest Africa, and the Near East resemble each other more closely than they resemble their non-Jewish neighbors." "Past research found that 50–80 percent of DNA from the Ashkenazi Y chromosome, which is used to trace the male lineage, originated in the Near East," Richards said. Title: Race (human categorization) Passage: The population geneticist Sewall Wright developed one way of measuring genetic differences between populations known as the Fixation index, which is often abbreviated to FST. This statistic is often used in taxonomy to compare differences between any two given populations by measuring the genetic differences among and between populations for individual genes, or for many genes simultaneously. It is often stated that the fixation index for humans is about 0.15. This translates to an estimated 85% of the variation measured in the overall human population is found within individuals of the same population, and about 15% of the variation occurs between populations. These estimates imply that any two individuals from different populations are almost as likely to be more similar to each other than either is to a member of their own group. Richard Lewontin, who affirmed these ratios, thus concluded neither "race" nor "subspecies" were appropriate or useful ways to describe human populations. However, others have noticed that group variation was relatively similar to the variation observed in other mammalian species. Title: Limited partnership Passage: A limited partnership (LP) is a form of partnership similar to a general partnership except that while a general partnership must have at least two general partners (GPs), a limited partnership must have at least one GP and at least one limited partner. Title: Type 2 diabetes Passage: The development of type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors. While some of these factors are under personal control, such as diet and obesity, other factors are not, such as increasing age, female gender, and genetics. Obesity is more common in women than men in many parts of Africa. A lack of sleep has been linked to type 2 diabetes. This is believed to act through its effect on metabolism. The nutritional status of a mother during fetal development may also play a role, with one proposed mechanism being that of DNA methylation. The intestinal bacteria Prevotella copri and Bacteroides vulgatus have been connected with type 2 diabetes. Title: Ashkenazi Jews Passage: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. The authors also report on Eu 19 (R1a) chromosomes, which are very frequent in Central and Eastern Europeans (54%–60%) at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews. They hypothesized that the differences among Ashkenazim Jews could reflect low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation. A later 2005 study by Nebel et al., found a similar level of 11.5% of male Ashkenazim belonging to R1a1a (M17+), the dominant Y-chromosome haplogroup in Central and Eastern Europeans.	[ "Jews", "Ashkenazi Jews" ]
2hop__628752_538661	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Inju: The Beast in the Shadow (French: Inju, la bête dans l'ombre) is a 2008 film by Barbet Schroeder. The film stars Benoît Magimel and Lika Minamoto and was filmed on location in Tokyo.", "title": "Inju: The Beast in the Shadow" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Great Detective\" was inspired by the exploits of John Wilson Murray, Canada's first government-appointed detective, set in the latter part of the Victorian era. The leading character, Inspector Alistair Cameron, was a fictional counterpart of Murray. Inspector Cameron was ably assisted by his friend, forensic scientist Dr. Chisholm. A taped series, \"The Great Detective\" was produced on location at Rockwood, Kleinburg and Shadow Lake in Ontario, as well as Victoria, areas of downtown Toronto and CBC's television Studio 7.", "title": "The Great Detective" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series follows the characters Llian, a brilliant chronicler from the College of Histories in Chanthed, and Karan, a young woman who owns the humble lands of Gothryme. \"A Shadow on the Glass\" was published in 1998 by Penguin Books.", "title": "A Shadow on the Glass" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Weird Shadows Over Innsmouth is an anthology of Cthulhu Mythos stories edited by Stephen Jones. It was published by Fedogan & Bremer in 2005 in an edition of 2,100 copies of which 100 were signed. The anthology contains a discarded draft of the H. P. Lovecraft novella \"The Shadow Over Innsmouth\" and several stories by other authors written as sequels to the Lovecraft story. Eight of the stories are original to this collection. Others first appeared in the magazines \"The Acolyte\" and \"The Spook\" or in anthologies.", "title": "Weird Shadows Over Innsmouth" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The United States Naval Institute (USNI), based in Annapolis, Maryland, is a private, non-profit, professional military association that seeks to offer independent, nonpartisan forums for debate of national defense and security issues. In addition to publishing magazines and books, the Naval Institute holds several annual conferences.", "title": "United States Naval Institute" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the Shadow of Greatness is a 2012 book written by 33 members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 2002 and published by the United States Naval Institute. The authors describe how their lives were shaped by their experiences at the Academy, the September 11 attacks, and events following graduation.", "title": "In the Shadow of Greatness" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shadowers is a novel by Donald Hamilton first published in 1964, continuing the exploits of assassin Matt Helm. It was the seventh novel of the series.", "title": "The Shadowers" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "GE is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut. Its main offices are located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza at Rockefeller Center in New York City, known now as the Comcast Building. It was formerly known as the GE Building for the prominent GE logo on the roof; NBC's headquarters and main studios are also located in the building. Through its RCA subsidiary, it has been associated with the center since its construction in the 1930s. GE moved its corporate headquarters from the GE Building on Lexington Avenue to Fairfield in 1974.", "title": "General Electric" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Revenge of the Shadow King is the first volume of three books in the Grey Griffins series written in collaborative writing by American authors Derek Benz and J.S. Lewis, and published by Orchard Books, an imprint of Scholastic Inc. The book follows the story of four friends who form The Order of the Grey Griffin.", "title": "The Revenge of the Shadow King" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jirania is a small town in Tripura state of India on the banks of river Saidra. It is a nagar panchayat and also the headquarters of Jirania Rural Development Block. It is located in Sadar sub-divisions of West Tripura district. It has 3 major high schools. Its market is of great importance for the local business and its sustainence. It lies on the National Highway 44 (Assam-Agartala Highway) of India.", "title": "Jirania" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58 km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir.", "title": "Alamnagar" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Insanely Twisted Shadow Planet is a shooter puzzle video game developed by Shadow Planet Productions (Fuelcell Games/Gagne International) and published by Microsoft Studios for Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows. A self-published DRM-free version with soundtrack included was featured in the Humble Indie Bundle 13.", "title": "Insanely Twisted Shadow Planet" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several novelizations of each of the six films and some comic books as well as original canonical novels based on the franchise have been released. The original novels include Alien: Out of the Shadows, Alien: Sea of Sorrows, Alien: River of Pain, marketed as the Canonical Alien Trilogy and the short story collection Aliens: Bug Hunt. Out of the Shadows and River of Pain were adapted into audio dramas in 2016 & 2017 respectively released on the Alien Day of the respective year. Alan Dean Foster published Alien: Covenant -- Origins, a novel set between the events of Prometheus and Alien: Covenant", "title": "Alien (franchise)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Lakes Group (GLG) is an American full-service marine-related transportation company headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. The Great Lakes Group is the parent Company to The Great Lakes Towing Company, Great Lakes Shipyard, Tugz International L.L.C., Puerto Rico Towing & Barge Co., Soo Linehandling Services, Admiral Towing and Barge Company, and Wind Logistics, Inc.", "title": "The Great Lakes Group" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Casey's Shadow is a 1978 drama Metrocolor film directed by Martin Ritt and starring Walter Matthau. The film was based on a short story in \"Ruidoso\" (published April 29,1974, in The New Yorker magazine) by John McPhee. Much of the exterior shots were done in the town of Opelousas, LA (20 miles north of Lafayette, LA).", "title": "Casey's Shadow" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wreck Of The Zanzibar is a children's novel by Michael Morpurgo. It was first published in Great Britain by William Heinemann Publishers in 1995. The book won the Whitbread Children's Book Award in 1995.", "title": "The Wreck of the Zanzibar" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spry Fox is a video game producing company headquartered in Seattle, United States, that was founded in 2010 by David Edery and Daniel Cook. The company produced the games Triple Town, a freemium strategy puzzle game with city-building game elements for social networks and mobile devices; Steambirds, a strategy flying game for mobile devices; Road Not Taken, a roguelike puzzle game; and co-created Realm of the Mad God with Wild Shadow Studios. When Wild Shadow Studios was acquired by Kabam in June 2012, Spry Fox sold its stake in the game to Kabam as part of the deal.", "title": "Spry Fox" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Great Basin and Columbia Plateau (the Intermontane Plateaus) are arid or semiarid regions that lie in the rain shadow of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada. Precipitation averages less than 15 inches (38 cm). The Southwest is a hot desert, with temperatures exceeding 100 °F (37.8 °C) for several weeks at a time in summer. The Southwest and the Great Basin are also affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California from July to September, which brings localized but often severe thunderstorms to the region.", "title": "Geography of the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shadow of Saganami is a science fiction novel by American writer David Weber, published in 2004. Set in the Honorverse, it has been billed as the first in the \"Saganami Island\" series, spun off from the main Honor Harrington series. The book debuted at #16 on \"The New York Times\" best seller list for hardcover fiction.", "title": "The Shadow of Saganami" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Black Wolf Lodge was founded in 1997 by brothers Jack and Andrew ``Turk ''Waterman, the original owners of Noah's Ark water park in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin. Black Wolf Lodge was purchased by The Great Lakes Company in 1999. Later that year, founders Marc Vaccaro and Bruce Neviaser changed the name to Great Wolf Lodge and the company headquarters were established in Madison, Wisconsin. In 2001, the company built a second location in Sandusky, Ohio, and named it Great Bear Lodge. When a third location opened in 2003, the decision was made to place all future parks under the Great Wolf Lodge banner. The name of the Ohio location was changed to Great Wolf Lodge in 2004. The chain has since added twelve additional locations and has one in development.", "title": "Great Wolf Resorts" } ]	Where are the headquarters for the publisher of In the Shadow of Greatness?	Annapolis	[ "Annapolis, Maryland" ]	Title: Casey's Shadow Passage: Casey's Shadow is a 1978 drama Metrocolor film directed by Martin Ritt and starring Walter Matthau. The film was based on a short story in "Ruidoso" (published April 29,1974, in The New Yorker magazine) by John McPhee. Much of the exterior shots were done in the town of Opelousas, LA (20 miles north of Lafayette, LA). Title: A Shadow on the Glass Passage: The series follows the characters Llian, a brilliant chronicler from the College of Histories in Chanthed, and Karan, a young woman who owns the humble lands of Gothryme. "A Shadow on the Glass" was published in 1998 by Penguin Books. Title: The Shadowers Passage: The Shadowers is a novel by Donald Hamilton first published in 1964, continuing the exploits of assassin Matt Helm. It was the seventh novel of the series. Title: Inju: The Beast in the Shadow Passage: Inju: The Beast in the Shadow (French: Inju, la bête dans l'ombre) is a 2008 film by Barbet Schroeder. The film stars Benoît Magimel and Lika Minamoto and was filmed on location in Tokyo. Title: Alien (franchise) Passage: Several novelizations of each of the six films and some comic books as well as original canonical novels based on the franchise have been released. The original novels include Alien: Out of the Shadows, Alien: Sea of Sorrows, Alien: River of Pain, marketed as the Canonical Alien Trilogy and the short story collection Aliens: Bug Hunt. Out of the Shadows and River of Pain were adapted into audio dramas in 2016 & 2017 respectively released on the Alien Day of the respective year. Alan Dean Foster published Alien: Covenant -- Origins, a novel set between the events of Prometheus and Alien: Covenant Title: The Great Lakes Group Passage: The Great Lakes Group (GLG) is an American full-service marine-related transportation company headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. The Great Lakes Group is the parent Company to The Great Lakes Towing Company, Great Lakes Shipyard, Tugz International L.L.C., Puerto Rico Towing & Barge Co., Soo Linehandling Services, Admiral Towing and Barge Company, and Wind Logistics, Inc. Title: The Great Detective Passage: "The Great Detective" was inspired by the exploits of John Wilson Murray, Canada's first government-appointed detective, set in the latter part of the Victorian era. The leading character, Inspector Alistair Cameron, was a fictional counterpart of Murray. Inspector Cameron was ably assisted by his friend, forensic scientist Dr. Chisholm. A taped series, "The Great Detective" was produced on location at Rockwood, Kleinburg and Shadow Lake in Ontario, as well as Victoria, areas of downtown Toronto and CBC's television Studio 7. Title: The Wreck of the Zanzibar Passage: The Wreck Of The Zanzibar is a children's novel by Michael Morpurgo. It was first published in Great Britain by William Heinemann Publishers in 1995. The book won the Whitbread Children's Book Award in 1995. Title: United States Naval Institute Passage: The United States Naval Institute (USNI), based in Annapolis, Maryland, is a private, non-profit, professional military association that seeks to offer independent, nonpartisan forums for debate of national defense and security issues. In addition to publishing magazines and books, the Naval Institute holds several annual conferences. Title: The Shadow of Saganami Passage: The Shadow of Saganami is a science fiction novel by American writer David Weber, published in 2004. Set in the Honorverse, it has been billed as the first in the "Saganami Island" series, spun off from the main Honor Harrington series. The book debuted at #16 on "The New York Times" best seller list for hardcover fiction. Title: Spry Fox Passage: Spry Fox is a video game producing company headquartered in Seattle, United States, that was founded in 2010 by David Edery and Daniel Cook. The company produced the games Triple Town, a freemium strategy puzzle game with city-building game elements for social networks and mobile devices; Steambirds, a strategy flying game for mobile devices; Road Not Taken, a roguelike puzzle game; and co-created Realm of the Mad God with Wild Shadow Studios. When Wild Shadow Studios was acquired by Kabam in June 2012, Spry Fox sold its stake in the game to Kabam as part of the deal. Title: General Electric Passage: GE is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut. Its main offices are located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza at Rockefeller Center in New York City, known now as the Comcast Building. It was formerly known as the GE Building for the prominent GE logo on the roof; NBC's headquarters and main studios are also located in the building. Through its RCA subsidiary, it has been associated with the center since its construction in the 1930s. GE moved its corporate headquarters from the GE Building on Lexington Avenue to Fairfield in 1974. Title: Jirania Passage: Jirania is a small town in Tripura state of India on the banks of river Saidra. It is a nagar panchayat and also the headquarters of Jirania Rural Development Block. It is located in Sadar sub-divisions of West Tripura district. It has 3 major high schools. Its market is of great importance for the local business and its sustainence. It lies on the National Highway 44 (Assam-Agartala Highway) of India. Title: In the Shadow of Greatness Passage: In the Shadow of Greatness is a 2012 book written by 33 members of the United States Naval Academy Class of 2002 and published by the United States Naval Institute. The authors describe how their lives were shaped by their experiences at the Academy, the September 11 attacks, and events following graduation. Title: Geography of the United States Passage: The Great Basin and Columbia Plateau (the Intermontane Plateaus) are arid or semiarid regions that lie in the rain shadow of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada. Precipitation averages less than 15 inches (38 cm). The Southwest is a hot desert, with temperatures exceeding 100 °F (37.8 °C) for several weeks at a time in summer. The Southwest and the Great Basin are also affected by the monsoon from the Gulf of California from July to September, which brings localized but often severe thunderstorms to the region. Title: Weird Shadows Over Innsmouth Passage: Weird Shadows Over Innsmouth is an anthology of Cthulhu Mythos stories edited by Stephen Jones. It was published by Fedogan & Bremer in 2005 in an edition of 2,100 copies of which 100 were signed. The anthology contains a discarded draft of the H. P. Lovecraft novella "The Shadow Over Innsmouth" and several stories by other authors written as sequels to the Lovecraft story. Eight of the stories are original to this collection. Others first appeared in the magazines "The Acolyte" and "The Spook" or in anthologies. Title: Insanely Twisted Shadow Planet Passage: Insanely Twisted Shadow Planet is a shooter puzzle video game developed by Shadow Planet Productions (Fuelcell Games/Gagne International) and published by Microsoft Studios for Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows. A self-published DRM-free version with soundtrack included was featured in the Humble Indie Bundle 13. Title: Alamnagar Passage: Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58 km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir. Title: Great Wolf Resorts Passage: Black Wolf Lodge was founded in 1997 by brothers Jack and Andrew ``Turk ''Waterman, the original owners of Noah's Ark water park in Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin. Black Wolf Lodge was purchased by The Great Lakes Company in 1999. Later that year, founders Marc Vaccaro and Bruce Neviaser changed the name to Great Wolf Lodge and the company headquarters were established in Madison, Wisconsin. In 2001, the company built a second location in Sandusky, Ohio, and named it Great Bear Lodge. When a third location opened in 2003, the decision was made to place all future parks under the Great Wolf Lodge banner. The name of the Ohio location was changed to Great Wolf Lodge in 2004. The chain has since added twelve additional locations and has one in development. Title: The Revenge of the Shadow King Passage: The Revenge of the Shadow King is the first volume of three books in the Grey Griffins series written in collaborative writing by American authors Derek Benz and J.S. Lewis, and published by Orchard Books, an imprint of Scholastic Inc. The book follows the story of four friends who form The Order of the Grey Griffin.	[ "United States Naval Institute", "In the Shadow of Greatness" ]
2hop__520033_123956	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yang Meng was the third son of Yang Xingmi, a major warlord at the end of Tang Dynasty as the military governor (\"Jiedushi\") of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). It is not known when he was born, although his immediately older brother Yang Longyan was born in 897 and his immediately younger brother Yang Pu was born in 900, placing a timeframe on his birth date. His mother's name was not recorded in history.", "title": "Yang Meng" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "President Jibrell Ali Salaad was born 1939 in Laasqoray in Sanaag region of Somalia. His full name is Jibrell Ali Salaad Aadan Garaad Awl. He is a member of the Warsangeli Royal family, one of the oldest royal dynasties in Somalia which dates back to the 13th century.", "title": "Jibrell Ali Salad" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Denny Januar Ali, known as Denny JA (born 4 January 1963 in Palembang, South Sumatra) is an intellectual entrepreneur and best-selling author. He holds records in the academic, political, social media, literature and cultural worlds in Indonesia.", "title": "Denny Januar Ali" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ali was born inside the sacred sanctuary of the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam, to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad. He was the first male who accepted Islam, and, according to some authors, the first Muslim. Ali protected Muhammad from an early age and took part in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community. After migrating to Medina, he married Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. He was appointed caliph by Muhammad's companions in 656, after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated. Ali's reign saw civil wars and in 661, he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, being martyred two days later.Ali is important to both Shias and Sunnis, politically and spiritually. The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased according to sectarian lines, but they agree that he was a pious Muslim, devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur'an and the Sunnah. While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided) caliphs, Shia Muslims regard Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm. Shia Muslims also believe that Ali and the other Shia Imams (all of whom are from the Ahl al-Bayt, Muhammad's household) are the rightful successors to Muhammad. Ali has also received recognition from a variety of non-Muslim organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Organization for Human Rights, for his governance and social justice.", "title": "Ali" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilber Morris recorded widely, and performed with such musicians as Pharoah Sanders, Sonny Simmons, Alan Silva, Joe McPhee, Horace Tapscott, Butch Morris, Arthur Blythe, Charles Gayle, William Parker, and Billy Bang, Charles Tyler, Dennis Charles, Roy Campbell, Avram Fefer, Alfred 23 Harth, Borah Bergman and Rashied Ali.", "title": "Wilber Morris" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Conflicts over Uthman's policies led to his murder in 656. Ali, the cousin and son - in - law of Muhammad, became caliph and moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. He soon met with resistance from several factions, especially from Muawiyah, the governor of Syria, who wanted Uthman's murderers arrested. Muhammad's wife, Aisha, and two companions of Muhammad, Talhah and Al - Zubayr, supported this demand. The conflict resulted in the First Fitna (``civil war '') from 656 until 661. Ali was victorious against Aisha in the Battle of the Camel in 656 but the Battle of Siffin (July 657) against Muawiyah was inconclusive. Ali's position als Caliph was weakened when he first agreed to an arbitration but then refused to accept the verdict, that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be chosen. In 661, the most vociferous opponents of the arbitration, the Kharijites, tried to kill both rivals; while Ali was killed, the attempt on Muawiyah failed. Ali's son Hasan (the second Imam for the Shias), accepted Muawiyah as Caliph on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and that he not establish a dynasty to rule after his death. In spite of the latter condition, this marked the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Savenay took place on 23 December 1793, and marks the end of the Virée de Galerne operational phase of the first war in the Vendée after the French Revolution. A Republican force of approximately 18,000 decisively defeated the Armée Catholique et Royale force of 6,000 at Savenay.", "title": "Battle of Savenay" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hatef Esfahani was born in Isfahan (Esfahan), a central province of Iran, and most likely he died there in 1783. (Some documents also indicate that he died in 1777). Hatef's date of birth is unknown. He was contemporary to at least seven rulers of Iran, namely Shah Rukh of Persia (ruled 1748–1796), Karim Khan Zand (r. 1760–1779), Abolfath Khan, Mohammad Ali Khan, Sadiq Khan Zand, and Ali Murad Khan (all from Zand dynasty who ruled 1779–1785), and Agha Mohammad Khan, the founder of Qajar dynasty (r. 1781–1797). He studied mathematics, medicine, philosophy, literature, and foreign languages (Turkish and Arabic). He had a son and a daughter. His daughter, named Beygom, married poet Mirza Ali Akbar Naziri.", "title": "Hatef Esfahani" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Denny P. Hadley House is a property in Brentwood, Tennessee, United States, that dates from c.1840 and that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It has also been known as Green Pastures and as Hadleywood.", "title": "Denny P. Hadley House" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic.", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Ali appointed Abu Musa Ashaari. Seven months later, in February 658, the two arbitrators met at Adhruh, about 10 miles north west of Maan in Jordon. Amr ibn al-As convinced Abu Musa Ashaari that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be elected. Ali and his supporters were stunned by the decision which had lowered the Caliph to the status of the rebellious Muawiyah I. Ali was therefore outwitted by Muawiyah and Amr. Ali refused to accept the verdict and found himself technically in breach of his pledge to abide by the arbitration. This put Ali in a weak position even amongst his own supporters. The most vociferous opponents in Ali's camp were the very same people who had forced Ali into the ceasefire. They broke away from Ali's force, rallying under the slogan, \"arbitration belongs to God alone.\" This group came to be known as the Kharijites (\"those who leave\"). In 659 Ali's forces and the Kharijites met in the Battle of Nahrawan. Although Ali won the battle, the constant conflict had begun to affect his standing, and in the following years some Syrians seem to have acclaimed Muawiyah as a rival caliph.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Battle of Badr Part of the Muslim - Quraish Wars Scene from Siyer - i Nebi, Hamza and Ali leading the Muslim armies at Badr. The writing is Ottoman Naskh. Date 13 March 624 CE / 17 Ramadan, 2 AH Location At the wells of Badr, 70 mi (110 km) southwest of Medina Result Decisive Muslim victory Belligerents Muslims of Medina Quraish of Mecca Commanders and leaders Muhammad Hamza ibn Abd al - Muttalib Ali ibn Abi Talib Abu - Bakr Umar ibn Al - Khattab Abu Jahl ⱶ Utba ibn Rabi'ah ⱶ Umayyah ibn Khalaf ⱶ Hind al - Hunnud Strength 313 infantry and cavalry: 2 horses and 70 camels 950 infantry and cavalry: 100 horses and 170 camels Casualties and losses 14 killed 70 killed, 70 prisoners", "title": "Battle of Badr" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Leuven was a battle of the Ten Days' Campaign during the Belgian Revolution. The battle took place on 12 August and officially ended on 13 August 1831. The Dutch army defeated the Belgian rebels, but were forced to withdraw in order to avoid war with France, as a large French army under Maréchal Gérard had crossed the border to support the Belgian rebels. They concluded a truce with the Belgians, allowing them to take the city for a few hours on 13 August.", "title": "Battle of Leuven (1831)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Gnila Lipa took place early in the World War I on 29–30 August 1914, when the Imperial Russian Army invaded Galicia and engaged the defending Austro-Hungarian Army. It was part of a larger series of battles known collectively as the Battle of Galicia. The battle ended in a defeat of the Austro-Hungarian forces.", "title": "Battle of Gnila Lipa" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dennis is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Dennis in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 2,407 at the 2010 census. The CDP includes the populated places known as North Dennis and New Boston.", "title": "Dennis (CDP), Massachusetts" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress.", "title": "Clara Morris" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rubai Ali's NF joined with other parties in 1975, creating the United Political Organisation NF (التنظيم السياسي الموحد الجبهة القومية), all rival parties were outlawed earlier. He opposed the idea of the Yemeni Socialist Party's (YSP) future creation promoted by Abdul Fattah Ismail. He appointed Muhammad Ali Haitham as his Prime Minister when he became Chairman. Haitham served until August 1971, when he was replaced by Ali Nasir Muhammad. In 1978, Ali Nasir Muhammad overthrew and executed Rubai Ali, after a short battle which took place in Almodowar Palace, located in At-Tawahi, Aden, which Rubai Ali used as a fortification.", "title": "Salim Rubai Ali" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Palembang was a battle of the Pacific theatre of World War II. It occurred near Palembang, on Sumatra, on 13–15 February 1942. The Royal Dutch Shell oil refineries at nearby Pladju (or Pladjoe) were the major objectives for the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War, because of an oil embargo imposed on Japan by the United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. With the area's abundant fuel supply and airfield, Palembang offered significant potential as a military base to both the Allies and the Japanese.", "title": "Battle of Palembang" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish -- American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish -- American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history.", "title": "Battle of Manila Bay" } ]	On what date did Battle of the birth place of Denny Januar Ali end?	15 February 1942	[]	Title: Battle of Palembang Passage: The Battle of Palembang was a battle of the Pacific theatre of World War II. It occurred near Palembang, on Sumatra, on 13–15 February 1942. The Royal Dutch Shell oil refineries at nearby Pladju (or Pladjoe) were the major objectives for the Empire of Japan in the Pacific War, because of an oil embargo imposed on Japan by the United States, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. With the area's abundant fuel supply and airfield, Palembang offered significant potential as a military base to both the Allies and the Japanese. Title: Salim Rubai Ali Passage: Rubai Ali's NF joined with other parties in 1975, creating the United Political Organisation NF (التنظيم السياسي الموحد الجبهة القومية), all rival parties were outlawed earlier. He opposed the idea of the Yemeni Socialist Party's (YSP) future creation promoted by Abdul Fattah Ismail. He appointed Muhammad Ali Haitham as his Prime Minister when he became Chairman. Haitham served until August 1971, when he was replaced by Ali Nasir Muhammad. In 1978, Ali Nasir Muhammad overthrew and executed Rubai Ali, after a short battle which took place in Almodowar Palace, located in At-Tawahi, Aden, which Rubai Ali used as a fortification. Title: Jibrell Ali Salad Passage: President Jibrell Ali Salaad was born 1939 in Laasqoray in Sanaag region of Somalia. His full name is Jibrell Ali Salaad Aadan Garaad Awl. He is a member of the Warsangeli Royal family, one of the oldest royal dynasties in Somalia which dates back to the 13th century. Title: Denny P. Hadley House Passage: The Denny P. Hadley House is a property in Brentwood, Tennessee, United States, that dates from c.1840 and that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. It has also been known as Green Pastures and as Hadleywood. Title: Battle of Savenay Passage: The Battle of Savenay took place on 23 December 1793, and marks the end of the Virée de Galerne operational phase of the first war in the Vendée after the French Revolution. A Republican force of approximately 18,000 decisively defeated the Armée Catholique et Royale force of 6,000 at Savenay. Title: Battle of Leuven (1831) Passage: The Battle of Leuven was a battle of the Ten Days' Campaign during the Belgian Revolution. The battle took place on 12 August and officially ended on 13 August 1831. The Dutch army defeated the Belgian rebels, but were forced to withdraw in order to avoid war with France, as a large French army under Maréchal Gérard had crossed the border to support the Belgian rebels. They concluded a truce with the Belgians, allowing them to take the city for a few hours on 13 August. Title: Denny Januar Ali Passage: Denny Januar Ali, known as Denny JA (born 4 January 1963 in Palembang, South Sumatra) is an intellectual entrepreneur and best-selling author. He holds records in the academic, political, social media, literature and cultural worlds in Indonesia. Title: Hatef Esfahani Passage: Hatef Esfahani was born in Isfahan (Esfahan), a central province of Iran, and most likely he died there in 1783. (Some documents also indicate that he died in 1777). Hatef's date of birth is unknown. He was contemporary to at least seven rulers of Iran, namely Shah Rukh of Persia (ruled 1748–1796), Karim Khan Zand (r. 1760–1779), Abolfath Khan, Mohammad Ali Khan, Sadiq Khan Zand, and Ali Murad Khan (all from Zand dynasty who ruled 1779–1785), and Agha Mohammad Khan, the founder of Qajar dynasty (r. 1781–1797). He studied mathematics, medicine, philosophy, literature, and foreign languages (Turkish and Arabic). He had a son and a daughter. His daughter, named Beygom, married poet Mirza Ali Akbar Naziri. Title: Clara Morris Passage: Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress. Title: Dennis (CDP), Massachusetts Passage: Dennis is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Dennis in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 2,407 at the 2010 census. The CDP includes the populated places known as North Dennis and New Boston. Title: Ali Passage: Ali was born inside the sacred sanctuary of the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam, to Abu Talib and Fatimah bint Asad. He was the first male who accepted Islam, and, according to some authors, the first Muslim. Ali protected Muhammad from an early age and took part in almost all the battles fought by the nascent Muslim community. After migrating to Medina, he married Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. He was appointed caliph by Muhammad's companions in 656, after Caliph Uthman ibn Affan was assassinated. Ali's reign saw civil wars and in 661, he was attacked and assassinated by a Kharijite while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa, being martyred two days later.Ali is important to both Shias and Sunnis, politically and spiritually. The numerous biographical sources about Ali are often biased according to sectarian lines, but they agree that he was a pious Muslim, devoted to the cause of Islam and a just ruler in accordance with the Qur'an and the Sunnah. While Sunnis consider Ali the fourth and final of the Rashidun (rightly guided) caliphs, Shia Muslims regard Ali as the first Imam after Muhammad due to their interpretation of the events at Ghadir Khumm. Shia Muslims also believe that Ali and the other Shia Imams (all of whom are from the Ahl al-Bayt, Muhammad's household) are the rightful successors to Muhammad. Ali has also received recognition from a variety of non-Muslim organizations, such as the United Nations and the World Organization for Human Rights, for his governance and social justice. Title: Battle of Gnila Lipa Passage: The Battle of Gnila Lipa took place early in the World War I on 29–30 August 1914, when the Imperial Russian Army invaded Galicia and engaged the defending Austro-Hungarian Army. It was part of a larger series of battles known collectively as the Battle of Galicia. The battle ended in a defeat of the Austro-Hungarian forces. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Conflicts over Uthman's policies led to his murder in 656. Ali, the cousin and son - in - law of Muhammad, became caliph and moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. He soon met with resistance from several factions, especially from Muawiyah, the governor of Syria, who wanted Uthman's murderers arrested. Muhammad's wife, Aisha, and two companions of Muhammad, Talhah and Al - Zubayr, supported this demand. The conflict resulted in the First Fitna (``civil war '') from 656 until 661. Ali was victorious against Aisha in the Battle of the Camel in 656 but the Battle of Siffin (July 657) against Muawiyah was inconclusive. Ali's position als Caliph was weakened when he first agreed to an arbitration but then refused to accept the verdict, that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be chosen. In 661, the most vociferous opponents of the arbitration, the Kharijites, tried to kill both rivals; while Ali was killed, the attempt on Muawiyah failed. Ali's son Hasan (the second Imam for the Shias), accepted Muawiyah as Caliph on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and that he not establish a dynasty to rule after his death. In spite of the latter condition, this marked the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus. Title: Yang Meng Passage: Yang Meng was the third son of Yang Xingmi, a major warlord at the end of Tang Dynasty as the military governor ("Jiedushi") of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). It is not known when he was born, although his immediately older brother Yang Longyan was born in 897 and his immediately younger brother Yang Pu was born in 900, placing a timeframe on his birth date. His mother's name was not recorded in history. Title: Battle of Badr Passage: Battle of Badr Part of the Muslim - Quraish Wars Scene from Siyer - i Nebi, Hamza and Ali leading the Muslim armies at Badr. The writing is Ottoman Naskh. Date 13 March 624 CE / 17 Ramadan, 2 AH Location At the wells of Badr, 70 mi (110 km) southwest of Medina Result Decisive Muslim victory Belligerents Muslims of Medina Quraish of Mecca Commanders and leaders Muhammad Hamza ibn Abd al - Muttalib Ali ibn Abi Talib Abu - Bakr Umar ibn Al - Khattab Abu Jahl ⱶ Utba ibn Rabi'ah ⱶ Umayyah ibn Khalaf ⱶ Hind al - Hunnud Strength 313 infantry and cavalry: 2 horses and 70 camels 950 infantry and cavalry: 100 horses and 170 camels Casualties and losses 14 killed 70 killed, 70 prisoners Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Ali appointed Abu Musa Ashaari. Seven months later, in February 658, the two arbitrators met at Adhruh, about 10 miles north west of Maan in Jordon. Amr ibn al-As convinced Abu Musa Ashaari that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be elected. Ali and his supporters were stunned by the decision which had lowered the Caliph to the status of the rebellious Muawiyah I. Ali was therefore outwitted by Muawiyah and Amr. Ali refused to accept the verdict and found himself technically in breach of his pledge to abide by the arbitration. This put Ali in a weak position even amongst his own supporters. The most vociferous opponents in Ali's camp were the very same people who had forced Ali into the ceasefire. They broke away from Ali's force, rallying under the slogan, "arbitration belongs to God alone." This group came to be known as the Kharijites ("those who leave"). In 659 Ali's forces and the Kharijites met in the Battle of Nahrawan. Although Ali won the battle, the constant conflict had begun to affect his standing, and in the following years some Syrians seem to have acclaimed Muawiyah as a rival caliph. Title: Wilber Morris Passage: Wilber Morris recorded widely, and performed with such musicians as Pharoah Sanders, Sonny Simmons, Alan Silva, Joe McPhee, Horace Tapscott, Butch Morris, Arthur Blythe, Charles Gayle, William Parker, and Billy Bang, Charles Tyler, Dennis Charles, Roy Campbell, Avram Fefer, Alfred 23 Harth, Borah Bergman and Rashied Ali. Title: Battle of Manila Bay Passage: The Battle of Manila Bay took place on 1 May 1898, during the Spanish -- American War. The American Asiatic Squadron under Commodore George Dewey engaged and destroyed the Spanish Pacific Squadron under Contraalmirante (Rear admiral) Patricio Montojo. The battle took place in Manila Bay in the Philippines, and was the first major engagement of the Spanish -- American War. The battle was one of the most decisive naval battles in history and marked the end of the Spanish colonial period in Philippine history. Title: Roman Republic Passage: The exact date of transition can be a matter of interpretation. Historians have variously proposed Julius Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon River in 49 BC, Caesar's appointment as dictator for life in 44 BC, and the defeat of Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. However, most use the same date as did the ancient Romans themselves, the Roman Senate's grant of extraordinary powers to Octavian and his adopting the title Augustus in 27 BC, as the defining event ending the Republic. Title: Giovanni Cifolelli Passage: Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his "Method for the mandolin" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.	[ "Denny Januar Ali", "Battle of Palembang" ]
2hop__57638_88526	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winters attended academic and athletic powerhouse Archbishop Molloy High School in Queens, New York, graduating in 1970. He then played collegiately with the University of South Carolina and was the 12th pick in the 1974 NBA Draft, taken by the Los Angeles Lakers. He made the NBA All-Rookie Team with the Lakers, and was then traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of the trade that brought Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to the Lakers. He had a productive nine-year career that included two appearances in the NBA All-Star Game and playing on six playoffs teams. Winters averaged 16.2 points and 4.1 assists over his career, with his best years coming from 1975 to 1979 when he averaged over 19 points and slightly less than 5 assists per game. His number 32 was retired by the Bucks. In a 2005 interview, Michael Jordan singled out Winters as the best \"pure shooter\" in history, claiming that \"he had the most beautiful stroke of all the people whom [he could] think of.\"", "title": "Brian Winters" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2002 NBA draft was held on June 26, 2002, at The Theater at Madison Square Garden. In this draft, National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting 57 amateur college basketball players and other first-time eligible players, such as players from non-North American leagues. The draft was broadcast on TNT at 7:30 PM (EDT). The NBA announced that about 42 college and high school players, and five international players, had filed as early-entry candidates for the draft. The Chicago Bulls and the Golden State Warriors both had a 22.5 percent probability of acquiring the first overall pick, but the Houston Rockets, with an 8.9 percent probability, won the NBA draft lottery on May 19. The Bulls and Warriors were second and third, respectively. As punishment for salary-cap violations during the 2000–01 season, the Minnesota Timberwolves forfeited their first-round draft pick.", "title": "2002 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anderson attended Alonzo A. Crim High School in Atlanta, then played basketball at the University of Georgia. He was drafted in the second round (54th overall) of the 1996 NBA draft by the Utah Jazz, and played for the Jazz, the Houston Rockets, the New York Knicks and the Heat. His best season was in 1999–2000, when he averaged 12.3 points per game with the Rockets. His career average is 7.8 points per game.", "title": "Shandon Anderson" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Dallas, Texas, Sasser graduated from Justin F. Kimball High School and played college basketball at Southern Methodist University. He was selected by the Orlando Magic as the 22nd pick in the 2001 NBA Draft. In two seasons for the Magic (his only in the NBA) he averaged 2.5 points per game.", "title": "Jeryl Sasser" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 NBA draft was held on June 23, 2016, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn. It was televised nationally in the U.S. by ESPN, and was live streamed for the first time in NBA draft history by The Vertical. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The draft lottery took place during the playoffs, on May 17, 2016. This was the first time since the lottery system was introduced in 1985 that all NBA teams that missed out on the playoffs remained in the exact spots they were designated, meaning the 10 - win / 72 - loss Philadelphia 76ers received the No. 1 pick, the Los Angeles Lakers kept the No. 2 pick, the Boston Celtics via the Brooklyn Nets got the No. 3 pick, and everyone else stayed in their same spots based on the regular season standings from the 2015 -- 16 season.", "title": "2016 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albert Burditt (born May 15, 1972) is an American basketball player who played for four years at the University of Texas at Austin, before being drafted by the Houston Rockets in the 1994 NBA draft. However, he did not play in the NBA. Burditt played for the Oklahoma City Cavalry of the Continental Basketball Association in the 1994–1995 season, averaging 8.4 points and 8.1 rebounds per game. Burditt played professionally in the CBA and nine other countries.", "title": "Albert Burditt" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season.", "title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Desmond Mason was drafted out of Oklahoma State University by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 17th pick of the 2000 NBA draft. In 2001, he became the first SuperSonics' player in franchise history to win the NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He also finished in second place in the 2003 contest behind Jason Richardson. In 2003, he and Gary Payton were traded to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Ray Allen and Ronald Murray. On October 26, 2005, he was traded along with a first-round draft pick in the 2006 NBA draft to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for Jamaal Magloire. On July 23, 2007, Mason signed a contract with the Bucks after a two-season absence. Initially angry with Bucks general manager Larry Harris for trading him in 2005, Mason said he was happy to be back in Milwaukee.", "title": "Desmond Mason" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jonas Valančiūnas (; born 6 May 1992) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected by the Toronto Raptors with the fifth overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft.", "title": "Jonas Valančiūnas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James L. Bailey (born May 21, 1957) is a retired American professional basketball player. A 6'9\" (2.06 m) forward/center from Rutgers University, he was selected with the 6th pick of the 1979 NBA Draft by the Seattle SuperSonics. Nicknamed \"Jammin' James,\" he spent 9 seasons (1979–1988) in the National Basketball Association (NBA), playing for the Sonics as well as the New Jersey Nets, Houston Rockets, New York Knicks, and Phoenix Suns. He ended his NBA career with 5,246 total points.", "title": "James Bailey (basketball)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frank Carl Kudelka (June 25, 1925 - May 4, 1993), nicknamed Apples, was an American National Basketball Association (NBA) player. In his first two years at Saint Mary's College of California, Kudelka averaged 18.1 points per game. Once the shotclock was introduced to college basketball in his junior season, Frank averaged 20.4 points per game. He was the nation's fourth leading scorer. As a senior at Saint Mary's, Frank averaged 16.2 points per game. He was also named an All-American basketball player by the Helms Foundation after his senior season. Frank made his NBA debut in the 1949-50 NBA season for the Chicago Stags. In his first NBA season, Frank averaged 6.7 points and 2.0 assists per game. Frank played four seasons in the NBA with the Stags, Washington Capitols, Boston Celtics, Baltimore Bullets and Philadelphia Warriors. In his NBA career, Frank averaged 7.2 points, 3.2 rebounds, and 2.1 assists per game.", "title": "Frank Kudelka" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010.", "title": "2007 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Top seed Houston Rockets Top scorer James Harden (Houston) Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 →", "title": "2017–18 NBA season" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With career averages of 25.0 points, 5.2 rebounds, 4.7 assists, and 1.4 steals per game, he is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history. He was the first player in NBA history to have at least 30,000 career points and 6,000 career assists, and is one of only four players with 25,000 points, 6,000 rebounds and 6,000 assists. Bryant led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons. His 81 - point performance against Toronto in 2006 was the second - highest in NBA history, behind only Chamberlain's 100. He has scored at least 50 points 24 times in his career, which is third in league history behind Jordan (31) and Chamberlain (118); six times Bryant scored at least 60. He was just the third player in NBA history to average 40 points in a calendar month, which he has accomplished four times. Bryant was voted the league MVP in 2008 and led his team to the 2008 NBA Finals as the first seed in the Western Conference. In the 2008 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal as a member of the U.S. men's basketball team, occasionally referred to as ``The Redeem Team ''. He won another gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He led the Lakers to two more championships in 2009 and 2010, winning the Finals MVP award on both occasions.", "title": "Kobe Bryant" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rik Smits (born August 23, 1966), nicknamed \"the Dunking Dutchman\", is a Dutch retired professional basketball player who spent his entire career with the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) The center was drafted by the Pacers out of Marist College with the second overall pick in the 1988 NBA draft. An NBA All-Star in 1998, Smits reached the NBA Finals in 2000.", "title": "Rik Smits" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009 -- 10 season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016 -- 17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple - double in a season. The most recent champion is James Harden.", "title": "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Hubert Farmer (born September 23, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was drafted by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1987 NBA draft. Farmer, a 6'4\" 190 lb small forward, played for the Mavericks, Utah Jazz, Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, and Denver Nuggets in 5 NBA seasons. His best stint as an NBA player was during the 1990-91 season when he appeared in 25 games for the Nuggets and averaged 10.0 ppg. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama.", "title": "Jim Farmer" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For the first time in draft history the first three draft picks were all freshmen. The Chicago Bulls used the first overall pick to draft Chicago native Derrick Rose from the University of Memphis, who later went on to win the NBA Rookie of the Year Award, making him the first player to be drafted first overall and to win Rookie of the Year since LeBron James in 2003. The Miami Heat used the second pick to draft Michael Beasley from Kansas State University, and the Minnesota Timberwolves used the third pick to draft O. J. Mayo from University of Southern California. With five players taken in the draft, the University of Kansas tied University of Connecticut (2006) and University of Florida (2007) for the record with the most players selected in the first two rounds of an NBA draft. Another record was set when twelve freshmen were drafted, ten of whom were drafted in the first round. Of the players drafted, 29 are forwards, 19 are guards, and 12 are centers.", "title": "2008 NBA draft" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 →", "title": "2017–18 NBA season" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 6'8\" forward, Henderson played at the University of Georgia during the 1980s and was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 1986 NBA Draft. He split the 1986-87 NBA season with the Hawks and Milwaukee Bucks, averaging 1.4 points and 1.0 rebounds in 8 games.", "title": "Cedric Henderson (basketball, born 1965)" } ]	Who was picked in the NBA draft before the player with the highest point average in NBA history?	Greg Oden	[]	Title: Rik Smits Passage: Rik Smits (born August 23, 1966), nicknamed "the Dunking Dutchman", is a Dutch retired professional basketball player who spent his entire career with the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA) The center was drafted by the Pacers out of Marist College with the second overall pick in the 1988 NBA draft. An NBA All-Star in 1998, Smits reached the NBA Finals in 2000. Title: 2002 NBA draft Passage: The 2002 NBA draft was held on June 26, 2002, at The Theater at Madison Square Garden. In this draft, National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting 57 amateur college basketball players and other first-time eligible players, such as players from non-North American leagues. The draft was broadcast on TNT at 7:30 PM (EDT). The NBA announced that about 42 college and high school players, and five international players, had filed as early-entry candidates for the draft. The Chicago Bulls and the Golden State Warriors both had a 22.5 percent probability of acquiring the first overall pick, but the Houston Rockets, with an 8.9 percent probability, won the NBA draft lottery on May 19. The Bulls and Warriors were second and third, respectively. As punishment for salary-cap violations during the 2000–01 season, the Minnesota Timberwolves forfeited their first-round draft pick. Title: Desmond Mason Passage: Desmond Mason was drafted out of Oklahoma State University by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 17th pick of the 2000 NBA draft. In 2001, he became the first SuperSonics' player in franchise history to win the NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He also finished in second place in the 2003 contest behind Jason Richardson. In 2003, he and Gary Payton were traded to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Ray Allen and Ronald Murray. On October 26, 2005, he was traded along with a first-round draft pick in the 2006 NBA draft to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for Jamaal Magloire. On July 23, 2007, Mason signed a contract with the Bucks after a two-season absence. Initially angry with Bucks general manager Larry Harris for trading him in 2005, Mason said he was happy to be back in Milwaukee. Title: James Bailey (basketball) Passage: James L. Bailey (born May 21, 1957) is a retired American professional basketball player. A 6'9" (2.06 m) forward/center from Rutgers University, he was selected with the 6th pick of the 1979 NBA Draft by the Seattle SuperSonics. Nicknamed "Jammin' James," he spent 9 seasons (1979–1988) in the National Basketball Association (NBA), playing for the Sonics as well as the New Jersey Nets, Houston Rockets, New York Knicks, and Phoenix Suns. He ended his NBA career with 5,246 total points. Title: Jeryl Sasser Passage: Born in Dallas, Texas, Sasser graduated from Justin F. Kimball High School and played college basketball at Southern Methodist University. He was selected by the Orlando Magic as the 22nd pick in the 2001 NBA Draft. In two seasons for the Magic (his only in the NBA) he averaged 2.5 points per game. Title: Brian Winters Passage: Winters attended academic and athletic powerhouse Archbishop Molloy High School in Queens, New York, graduating in 1970. He then played collegiately with the University of South Carolina and was the 12th pick in the 1974 NBA Draft, taken by the Los Angeles Lakers. He made the NBA All-Rookie Team with the Lakers, and was then traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of the trade that brought Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to the Lakers. He had a productive nine-year career that included two appearances in the NBA All-Star Game and playing on six playoffs teams. Winters averaged 16.2 points and 4.1 assists over his career, with his best years coming from 1975 to 1979 when he averaged over 19 points and slightly less than 5 assists per game. His number 32 was retired by the Bucks. In a 2005 interview, Michael Jordan singled out Winters as the best "pure shooter" in history, claiming that "he had the most beautiful stroke of all the people whom [he could] think of." Title: Albert Burditt Passage: Albert Burditt (born May 15, 1972) is an American basketball player who played for four years at the University of Texas at Austin, before being drafted by the Houston Rockets in the 1994 NBA draft. However, he did not play in the NBA. Burditt played for the Oklahoma City Cavalry of the Continental Basketball Association in the 1994–1995 season, averaging 8.4 points and 8.1 rebounds per game. Burditt played professionally in the CBA and nine other countries. Title: Frank Kudelka Passage: Frank Carl Kudelka (June 25, 1925 - May 4, 1993), nicknamed Apples, was an American National Basketball Association (NBA) player. In his first two years at Saint Mary's College of California, Kudelka averaged 18.1 points per game. Once the shotclock was introduced to college basketball in his junior season, Frank averaged 20.4 points per game. He was the nation's fourth leading scorer. As a senior at Saint Mary's, Frank averaged 16.2 points per game. He was also named an All-American basketball player by the Helms Foundation after his senior season. Frank made his NBA debut in the 1949-50 NBA season for the Chicago Stags. In his first NBA season, Frank averaged 6.7 points and 2.0 assists per game. Frank played four seasons in the NBA with the Stags, Washington Capitols, Boston Celtics, Baltimore Bullets and Philadelphia Warriors. In his NBA career, Frank averaged 7.2 points, 3.2 rebounds, and 2.1 assists per game. Title: 2017–18 NBA season Passage: 2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Top seed Houston Rockets Top scorer James Harden (Houston) Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 → Title: 2016 NBA draft Passage: The 2016 NBA draft was held on June 23, 2016, at Barclays Center in Brooklyn. It was televised nationally in the U.S. by ESPN, and was live streamed for the first time in NBA draft history by The Vertical. National Basketball Association (NBA) teams took turns selecting amateur U.S. college basketball players and other eligible players, including international players. The draft lottery took place during the playoffs, on May 17, 2016. This was the first time since the lottery system was introduced in 1985 that all NBA teams that missed out on the playoffs remained in the exact spots they were designated, meaning the 10 - win / 72 - loss Philadelphia 76ers received the No. 1 pick, the Los Angeles Lakers kept the No. 2 pick, the Boston Celtics via the Brooklyn Nets got the No. 3 pick, and everyone else stayed in their same spots based on the regular season standings from the 2015 -- 16 season. Title: List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders Passage: Wilt Chamberlain holds the all - time records for total points scored (4,029) and points per game (50.4) in a season; both records were achieved in the 1961 -- 62 season. He also holds the rookie records for points per game when he averaged 37.6 points in the 1959 -- 60 season. Among active players, Kevin Durant has the highest point total (2,593) and the highest scoring average (32.0) in a season; both were achieved in the 2013 -- 14 season. Title: Shandon Anderson Passage: Anderson attended Alonzo A. Crim High School in Atlanta, then played basketball at the University of Georgia. He was drafted in the second round (54th overall) of the 1996 NBA draft by the Utah Jazz, and played for the Jazz, the Houston Rockets, the New York Knicks and the Heat. His best season was in 1999–2000, when he averaged 12.3 points per game with the Rockets. His career average is 7.8 points per game. Title: Kobe Bryant Passage: With career averages of 25.0 points, 5.2 rebounds, 4.7 assists, and 1.4 steals per game, he is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history. He was the first player in NBA history to have at least 30,000 career points and 6,000 career assists, and is one of only four players with 25,000 points, 6,000 rebounds and 6,000 assists. Bryant led the NBA in scoring during the 2005 -- 06 and 2006 -- 07 seasons. His 81 - point performance against Toronto in 2006 was the second - highest in NBA history, behind only Chamberlain's 100. He has scored at least 50 points 24 times in his career, which is third in league history behind Jordan (31) and Chamberlain (118); six times Bryant scored at least 60. He was just the third player in NBA history to average 40 points in a calendar month, which he has accomplished four times. Bryant was voted the league MVP in 2008 and led his team to the 2008 NBA Finals as the first seed in the Western Conference. In the 2008 Summer Olympics, he won a gold medal as a member of the U.S. men's basketball team, occasionally referred to as ``The Redeem Team ''. He won another gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He led the Lakers to two more championships in 2009 and 2010, winning the Finals MVP award on both occasions. Title: Jim Farmer Passage: James Hubert Farmer (born September 23, 1964) is a retired American professional basketball player who was drafted by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round (20th pick overall) of the 1987 NBA draft. Farmer, a 6'4" 190 lb small forward, played for the Mavericks, Utah Jazz, Seattle SuperSonics, Philadelphia 76ers, and Denver Nuggets in 5 NBA seasons. His best stint as an NBA player was during the 1990-91 season when he appeared in 25 games for the Nuggets and averaged 10.0 ppg. He played collegiately at the University of Alabama. Title: 2017–18 NBA season Passage: 2017 -- 18 NBA season League National Basketball Association Sport Basketball Duration October 17, 2017 -- April 11, 2018 April 14 -- May 28, 2018 (Playoffs) May 31 -- June 17, 2018 (Finals) Number of games 82 Number of teams 30 TV partner (s) ABC, TNT, ESPN, NBA TV Draft Top draft pick Markelle Fultz Picked by Philadelphia 76ers Regular season Playoffs Finals NBA seasons ← 2016 -- 17 2018 -- 19 → Title: Jonas Valančiūnas Passage: Jonas Valančiūnas (; born 6 May 1992) is a Lithuanian professional basketball player for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected by the Toronto Raptors with the fifth overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft. Title: 2008 NBA draft Passage: For the first time in draft history the first three draft picks were all freshmen. The Chicago Bulls used the first overall pick to draft Chicago native Derrick Rose from the University of Memphis, who later went on to win the NBA Rookie of the Year Award, making him the first player to be drafted first overall and to win Rookie of the Year since LeBron James in 2003. The Miami Heat used the second pick to draft Michael Beasley from Kansas State University, and the Minnesota Timberwolves used the third pick to draft O. J. Mayo from University of Southern California. With five players taken in the draft, the University of Kansas tied University of Connecticut (2006) and University of Florida (2007) for the record with the most players selected in the first two rounds of an NBA draft. Another record was set when twelve freshmen were drafted, ten of whom were drafted in the first round. Of the players drafted, 29 are forwards, 19 are guards, and 12 are centers. Title: List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders Passage: At 21 years and 197 days, Durant is the youngest scoring leader in NBA history, averaging 30.1 points in the 2009 -- 10 season. Russell Westbrook led the league with an average of 31.6 points in the 2016 -- 17 season, when he also became the second NBA player to average a triple - double in a season. The most recent champion is James Harden. Title: 2007 NBA draft Passage: Freshman Greg Oden from Ohio State University was drafted first overall by the Portland Trail Blazers, who won the draft lottery. However, he missed the 2007 -- 08 season due to microfracture surgery on his right knee during the pre-season. Another freshman, Kevin Durant, was drafted second overall from the University of Texas by the Seattle SuperSonics, and went on to win the Rookie of the Year Award for the 2007 -- 08 season. Oden and Durant became the first freshmen to be selected with the top two picks in the draft. Al Horford, the son of former NBA player Tito Horford, was drafted third by the Atlanta Hawks. Of the three top picks, Durant and Horford were able to enjoy solid All - Star careers, while Oden was beset by numerous microfracture surgeries on both knees that limited him to only 82 games from 2008 to 2010. Title: Cedric Henderson (basketball, born 1965) Passage: A 6'8" forward, Henderson played at the University of Georgia during the 1980s and was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 1986 NBA Draft. He split the 1986-87 NBA season with the Hawks and Milwaukee Bucks, averaging 1.4 points and 1.0 rebounds in 8 games.	[ "List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders", "2007 NBA draft" ]
2hop__747306_72813	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Talk to Me\" is a song by American hard rock band Kiss, released in 1980 on their eighth studio album \"Unmasked\". The song, never released as a single in the US, was released as a single worldwide on November 1, 1980. The song broke the top 40 in several countries, reaching the highest position in Switzerland, at #10. \"Talk to Me\" was played only when Ace Frehley was a member of the band.", "title": "Talk to Me (Kiss song)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love.", "title": "Basketball Wives LA" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Another member of the DES team, Walter Tuchman, stated \"We developed the DES algorithm entirely within IBM using IBMers. The NSA did not dictate a single wire!\"", "title": "Data Encryption Standard" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bobby Brown is a Western District uniformed officer. He was the first officer on scene at the shooting of William Gant. He was also at the Brandon Wright crime scene. Detective Jimmy McNulty later enlisted Brown to help watch the home of Wallace. In season 3 when Major Colvin institutes the Hamsterdam initiative Brown is one of the officers freed up to be assigned to investigate complaints rather than perform radio car patrols and he solves a church burglary case.", "title": "Police of The Wire" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 14, 2015, John Krasinski was cast in the film, to play one of the lead roles, a former US Navy SEAL. On February 3, Pablo Schreiber also signed on to star in the film, playing Kris \"Tanto\" Paronto, one of the six-man security team. On February 6, James Badge Dale was set to star, as the leader of the security team. Max Martini was cast as another member of the security team on February 17, 2015. David Denman signed on to star in the film on March 3, 2015, playing Boon, an elite sniper. On March 5, 2015, THR reported that Dominic Fumusa also signed on, to play John \"Tig\" Tiegen, one of the members of the security team, who is also a former Marine with weapons expertise. Freddie Stroma was added to the cast on March 17, 2015 to play the role of an undercover CIA officer in Libya. On May 7, 2015, Toby Stephens was set to play Glen \"Bub\" Doherty, another of the security team members.", "title": "13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Electrical wiring is the most important market for the copper industry. This includes building wire, communications cable, power distribution cable, appliance wire, automotive wire and cable, and magnet wire. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Many electrical devices rely on copper wiring because of its multitude of inherent beneficial properties, such as its high electrical conductivity, tensile strength, ductility, creep (deformation) resistance, corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, solderability, and ease of installation.", "title": "Copper" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The standard dartboard is divided into 20 numbered sections, scoring from 1 to 20 points, by wires running from the small central circle to the outer circular wire. Circular wires within the outer wire subdivide each section into single, double and triple areas. The dartboard featured on the ``Indoor League ''television show of the 1970s did not feature a triple section, and according to host Fred Trueman during the first episode, this is the traditional Yorkshire board.", "title": "Darts" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Go for Broke is a 2002 urban comedy film, written by Jean-Claude La Marre, who also directed and co-produced the film, which stars Pras, Michael A. Goorjian, LisaRaye, Kira Madallo Sesay, and Bobby Brown.", "title": "Go for Broke (2002 film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jim Clancy, played by David Conrad is Melinda's (Jennifer Love Hewitt) husband. He is the only cast member other than Hewitt to appear in every episode.", "title": "List of Ghost Whisperer characters" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson.", "title": "Christopher Masterson" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jay Johnston (born October 22, 1968) is an American actor and comedian best known for his work as a writer and cast member on the HBO sketch comedy series \"Mr. Show\" and for playing the role of Officer Jay McPherson on \"The Sarah Silverman Program\".", "title": "Jay Johnston" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mano Po () is Regal Entertainment's entry for the 2002 Metro Manila Film Festival. The film focuses on the lives of the Chinese Filipino community. \"Mano Po\" stars an all-star cast headed by Maricel Soriano, Richard Gomez, Kris Aquino and Ara Mina. Eddie Garcia and Boots Anson-Roa play the patriarch and matriarch of the Go clan respectively.", "title": "Mano Po" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On August 19, 2014, casting began, with actor Mark Wahlberg added in the lead role of the film. Wahlberg plays Mike Williams, a real - life electronics technician on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. On March 18, 2015, Gina Rodriguez was set to play a woman named Andrea Fleytas, who was on the bridge on board the Deepwater Horizon at the time of the blowout, and frantically tried to contact the Coast Guard. On April 10, 2015, Deadline reported that Dylan O'Brien was in talks to play Caleb Holloway. Kurt Russell joined the film on the same day O'Brien was in talks. Soon after, John Malkovich was confirmed cast, as a BP representative who fatally underestimates the dangers of working on the rig. Kate Hudson was announced as a cast member in May, 2015, and playing the wife of Wahlberg's character; her role will be her first on - screen pairing with Russell, her stepfather, although they shared no dialogue in the film.", "title": "Deepwater Horizon (film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Breton-Prétot machine was an experimental wire-cutting device developed in France from November 1914. It was developed by Mr. Prétot, engineer, and Jules-Louis Breton, member of the French National Assembly.", "title": "Breton-Prétot machine" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Borrible Trilogy is a series of young adult books written by English writer Michael de Larrabeiti. The three volumes in the trilogy are The Borribles, The Borribles Go For Broke, and The Borribles: Across the Dark Metropolis.", "title": "The Borrible Trilogy" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the \"SNL\" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season.", "title": "Saturday Night Live (season 5)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dooley Wilson as Sam. He was one of the few American - born members of the cast. A drummer, he had to fake playing the piano. Even after shooting had been completed, producer Wallis considered dubbing over Wilson's voice for the songs. He had originally considered changing the character to a woman and casting singers Hazel Scott, Lena Horne, or Ella Fitzgerald.", "title": "Casablanca (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series.", "title": "List of The Young and the Restless cast members" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Until 1998, Castellaneta was paid $30,000 per episode. During a pay dispute in 1998, Fox threatened to replace the six main voice actors with new actors, going as far as preparing for casting of new voices. The dispute was soon resolved and he received $125,000 per episode until 2004 when the voice actors demanded that they be paid $360,000 an episode. The issue was resolved a month later, and Castellaneta earned $250,000 per episode. After salary re-negotiations in 2008, the voice actors received approximately $400,000 per episode. Three years later, with Fox threatening to cancel the series unless production costs were cut, Castellaneta and the other cast members accepted a 25 percent pay cut, down to over $300,000 per episode.", "title": "Dan Castellaneta" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wharmby made his debut in Last of the Summer Wine in 1982, as Wesley Pegden, the boilersuit wearing, tinkering mechanic and would be inventor. He appeared as a regular cast member for 16 series between 1985 and 2002. Thora Hird played his nagging wife Edie.", "title": "Gordon Wharmby" } ]	In The Wire, who is played by the Go for Broke cast member?	a Western District uniformed officer	[]	Title: Jay Johnston Passage: Jay Johnston (born October 22, 1968) is an American actor and comedian best known for his work as a writer and cast member on the HBO sketch comedy series "Mr. Show" and for playing the role of Officer Jay McPherson on "The Sarah Silverman Program". Title: Police of The Wire Passage: Bobby Brown is a Western District uniformed officer. He was the first officer on scene at the shooting of William Gant. He was also at the Brandon Wright crime scene. Detective Jimmy McNulty later enlisted Brown to help watch the home of Wallace. In season 3 when Major Colvin institutes the Hamsterdam initiative Brown is one of the officers freed up to be assigned to investigate complaints rather than perform radio car patrols and he solves a church burglary case. Title: Mano Po Passage: Mano Po () is Regal Entertainment's entry for the 2002 Metro Manila Film Festival. The film focuses on the lives of the Chinese Filipino community. "Mano Po" stars an all-star cast headed by Maricel Soriano, Richard Gomez, Kris Aquino and Ara Mina. Eddie Garcia and Boots Anson-Roa play the patriarch and matriarch of the Go clan respectively. Title: Dan Castellaneta Passage: Until 1998, Castellaneta was paid $30,000 per episode. During a pay dispute in 1998, Fox threatened to replace the six main voice actors with new actors, going as far as preparing for casting of new voices. The dispute was soon resolved and he received $125,000 per episode until 2004 when the voice actors demanded that they be paid $360,000 an episode. The issue was resolved a month later, and Castellaneta earned $250,000 per episode. After salary re-negotiations in 2008, the voice actors received approximately $400,000 per episode. Three years later, with Fox threatening to cancel the series unless production costs were cut, Castellaneta and the other cast members accepted a 25 percent pay cut, down to over $300,000 per episode. Title: Talk to Me (Kiss song) Passage: "Talk to Me" is a song by American hard rock band Kiss, released in 1980 on their eighth studio album "Unmasked". The song, never released as a single in the US, was released as a single worldwide on November 1, 1980. The song broke the top 40 in several countries, reaching the highest position in Switzerland, at #10. "Talk to Me" was played only when Ace Frehley was a member of the band. Title: List of The Young and the Restless cast members Passage: The Young and the Restless is an American television soap opera, created by William J. Bell and Lee Phillip Bell for CBS. It first aired on March 26, 1973. The longest - running current cast member is Doug Davidson, who has portrayed private investigator Paul Williams since May 23, 1978. Jeanne Cooper, who portrayed the soap opera's matriarch Katherine Chancellor, holds the record for the series' longest - running cast member, airing from November 1973 until her death in May 2013. Melody Thomas Scott and Eric Braeden, who portray Nikki and Victor Newman, are the second and third longest - running cast members, having joined in February 1979 and February 1980, respectively. Kate Linder has portrayed Esther Valentine since April 1982, and rounds out the series' top four longest - running cast members. The following list is of cast members who are currently on the show: both main and recurring members, as well as those who are debuting, departing or returning from the series. Title: Basketball Wives LA Passage: The sixth season of ``Basketball Wives LA ''was confirmed by VH1 with a premiere date of April 17, 2017. Filming started in October 2016 and Evelyn Lozada a former cast member of Basketball Wives has confirmed her return on social media and via The Real where she severed as a guest host for a week. Jennifer Williams also a former cast member of Basketball Wives has been spotted filming with cast member Tami Roman. Also this season four newbies Aja Metoyer, Keonna Green, Bonnie - Jill Laflil, and Evelyn Lozada taking on the main cast replacing departing cast members Angel Brinks, LaTosha Duffey, Angel Love. Title: 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi Passage: On January 14, 2015, John Krasinski was cast in the film, to play one of the lead roles, a former US Navy SEAL. On February 3, Pablo Schreiber also signed on to star in the film, playing Kris "Tanto" Paronto, one of the six-man security team. On February 6, James Badge Dale was set to star, as the leader of the security team. Max Martini was cast as another member of the security team on February 17, 2015. David Denman signed on to star in the film on March 3, 2015, playing Boon, an elite sniper. On March 5, 2015, THR reported that Dominic Fumusa also signed on, to play John "Tig" Tiegen, one of the members of the security team, who is also a former Marine with weapons expertise. Freddie Stroma was added to the cast on March 17, 2015 to play the role of an undercover CIA officer in Libya. On May 7, 2015, Toby Stephens was set to play Glen "Bub" Doherty, another of the security team members. Title: Data Encryption Standard Passage: Another member of the DES team, Walter Tuchman, stated "We developed the DES algorithm entirely within IBM using IBMers. The NSA did not dictate a single wire!" Title: The Borrible Trilogy Passage: The Borrible Trilogy is a series of young adult books written by English writer Michael de Larrabeiti. The three volumes in the trilogy are The Borribles, The Borribles Go For Broke, and The Borribles: Across the Dark Metropolis. Title: Casablanca (film) Passage: Dooley Wilson as Sam. He was one of the few American - born members of the cast. A drummer, he had to fake playing the piano. Even after shooting had been completed, producer Wallis considered dubbing over Wilson's voice for the songs. He had originally considered changing the character to a woman and casting singers Hazel Scott, Lena Horne, or Ella Fitzgerald. Title: Darts Passage: The standard dartboard is divided into 20 numbered sections, scoring from 1 to 20 points, by wires running from the small central circle to the outer circular wire. Circular wires within the outer wire subdivide each section into single, double and triple areas. The dartboard featured on the ``Indoor League ''television show of the 1970s did not feature a triple section, and according to host Fred Trueman during the first episode, this is the traditional Yorkshire board. Title: Gordon Wharmby Passage: Wharmby made his debut in Last of the Summer Wine in 1982, as Wesley Pegden, the boilersuit wearing, tinkering mechanic and would be inventor. He appeared as a regular cast member for 16 series between 1985 and 2002. Thora Hird played his nagging wife Edie. Title: Go for Broke (2002 film) Passage: Go for Broke is a 2002 urban comedy film, written by Jean-Claude La Marre, who also directed and co-produced the film, which stars Pras, Michael A. Goorjian, LisaRaye, Kira Madallo Sesay, and Bobby Brown. Title: List of Ghost Whisperer characters Passage: Jim Clancy, played by David Conrad is Melinda's (Jennifer Love Hewitt) husband. He is the only cast member other than Hewitt to appear in every episode. Title: Deepwater Horizon (film) Passage: On August 19, 2014, casting began, with actor Mark Wahlberg added in the lead role of the film. Wahlberg plays Mike Williams, a real - life electronics technician on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig. On March 18, 2015, Gina Rodriguez was set to play a woman named Andrea Fleytas, who was on the bridge on board the Deepwater Horizon at the time of the blowout, and frantically tried to contact the Coast Guard. On April 10, 2015, Deadline reported that Dylan O'Brien was in talks to play Caleb Holloway. Kurt Russell joined the film on the same day O'Brien was in talks. Soon after, John Malkovich was confirmed cast, as a BP representative who fatally underestimates the dangers of working on the rig. Kate Hudson was announced as a cast member in May, 2015, and playing the wife of Wahlberg's character; her role will be her first on - screen pairing with Russell, her stepfather, although they shared no dialogue in the film. Title: Christopher Masterson Passage: Christopher Kennedy Masterson (born January 22, 1980) is an American actor and disc jockey known best for his role as Francis on Malcolm in the Middle. He is the younger brother of That '70s Show cast member Danny Masterson, older brother of The Walking Dead cast member Alanna Masterson, and older brother of Last Man Standing cast member Jordan Masterson. Title: Copper Passage: Despite competition from other materials, copper remains the preferred electrical conductor in nearly all categories of electrical wiring with the major exception being overhead electric power transmission where aluminium is often preferred. Copper wire is used in power generation, power transmission, power distribution, telecommunications, electronics circuitry, and countless types of electrical equipment. Electrical wiring is the most important market for the copper industry. This includes building wire, communications cable, power distribution cable, appliance wire, automotive wire and cable, and magnet wire. Roughly half of all copper mined is used to manufacture electrical wire and cable conductors. Many electrical devices rely on copper wiring because of its multitude of inherent beneficial properties, such as its high electrical conductivity, tensile strength, ductility, creep (deformation) resistance, corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion, high thermal conductivity, solderability, and ease of installation. Title: Breton-Prétot machine Passage: The Breton-Prétot machine was an experimental wire-cutting device developed in France from November 1914. It was developed by Mr. Prétot, engineer, and Jules-Louis Breton, member of the French National Assembly. Title: Saturday Night Live (season 5) Passage: To keep the show going, Lorne Michaels upgraded many of the show's writers to featured cast member status: Peter Aykroyd (Dan's brother), Jim Downey, Brian Doyle-Murray (Bill's brother), Don Novello, Tom Schiller and Alan Zweibel. Band leader Paul Shaffer also joined the cast, becoming the first person from the "SNL" band to become a cast member. Harry Shearer joined the show as a featured cast member and was promoted to repertory status during the season.	[ "Police of The Wire", "Go for Broke (2002 film)" ]
2hop__75207_53316	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1963, a coup was organized by South Vietnamese generals which resulted in the death of Diem. President Lyndon B. Johnson increased U.S. personnel in Vietnam due to the political instability in the country. In August 1964, two U.S. warships were attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats. Johnson issued an attack order against North Vietnam, and Congress passed a motion which gave him more authority over military decisions. In 1965, President Johnson had sent 82,000 troops to Vietnam, and his officials wanted another 175,000. Due to the heavy demand for military personnel, the United States required more than what the regular military could provide, causing the acceleration of the draft. Between 1965 and 1972 the draft provided 2,215,000 service members to the U.S. military.", "title": "Draft lottery (1969)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sparta remained independent, but it was no longer the leading military power in the Peloponnese. The Spartan king Cleomenes III (235–222 BCE) staged a military coup against the conservative ephors and pushed through radical social and land reforms in order to increase the size of the shrinking Spartan citizenry able to provide military service and restore Spartan power. Sparta's bid for supremacy was crushed at the Battle of Sellasia (222) by the Achaean league and Macedon, who restored the power of the ephors.", "title": "Hellenistic period" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 1973 Chilean coup d'état was a watershed moment in both the history of Chile and the Cold War. Following an extended period of social unrest and political tension between the opposition - controlled Congress of Chile and the socialist President Salvador Allende, as well as economic warfare ordered by US President Richard Nixon, Allende was overthrown by the armed forces and national police.", "title": "1973 Chilean coup d'état" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ahmet Kenan Evren (; 17 July 1917 – 9 May 2015) was a Turkish politician and military officer, who served as the seventh President of Turkey from 1980 to 1989. He assumed the post by leading the 1980 military coup.", "title": "Kenan Evren" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muhammadu Buhari GCFR is the President of Nigeria, in office since 2015. He is a retired major general in the Nigerian Army and previously served as the nation's head of state from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power in a military coup d'état. The term Buharism is ascribed to the Buhari military government.", "title": "Muhammadu Buhari" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for conventional military forces. He ordered coups in Iran and Guatemala. Eisenhower refused to give major aid to help France in Vietnam. He gave strong financial support to the new nation of South Vietnam. Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the Formosa Resolution, which obliged the U.S. to militarily support the pro-Western Republic of China in Taiwan and continue the isolation of the People's Republic of China.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Nigerian counter-coup of 1966, or the so - called ``July Rematch '', was the second of many military coups in Nigeria. It was masterminded by Lt. Colonel Murtala Muhammed and many northern military officers. The coup began as a mutiny at roughly midnight on July 28, 1966 and was a reaction to the killings of Northern politicians and Officers by mostly Igbo soldiers on January 15, 1966 (see 1966 Nigerian coup d'état.) The July mutiny / counter coup resulted in the murder of Nigeria's first military Head of State General Johnson Aguiyi - Ironsi and Lt Colonel Adekunle Fajuyi (who was hosting a visiting Aguiyi - Ironsi) in Ibadan by disgruntled northern non-commissioned officers (NCOs). Upon the termination of Ironsi's government, Lt. Colonel Yakubu Gowon was appointed Head of State by the July 1966 coup conspirators.", "title": "1966 Nigerian counter-coup" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hugo Ballivián Rojas (7 June 1901 – 15 July 1993) as 51st President of Bolivia between 1951 and 1952. A career military officer, he was Commander of the Bolivian Armed Forces when President Mamerto Urriolagoitía called upon him to take over as extra-Constitutional chief executive in order to prevent the swearing-in of the reform-minded President-elect, Víctor Paz Estenssoro. This was a self-coup that became popularly known as the \"Mamertazo.\" Installing himself in the Palacio Quemado, Ballivián was the oligarchy's last hope to \"turn back the hands of the clock,\" but the situation was apparently beyond repair. Despite declaring a nationwide curfew and exiling and imprisoning a number of opposition leaders, the demonstrations, work stoppages, and uprisings continued.", "title": "Hugo Ballivián" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Until the military coup of 22 March 2012 and a second military coup in December 2012, Mali was a constitutional democracy governed by the Constitution of 12 January 1992, which was amended in 1999. The constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The system of government can be described as \"semi-presidential\". Executive power is vested in a president, who is elected to a five-year term by universal suffrage and is limited to two terms.", "title": "Mali" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The La Cantuta massacre, in which supposed members of Sendero Luminoso, a university professor and nine students from Lima's La Cantuta University were abducted by a military death squad, took place in Peru on 18 July 1992 during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. The incident occurred two days after the Shining Path's Tarata bombing left over 40 dead in Lima Province.", "title": "La Cantuta massacre" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nigeria regained democracy in 1999 when it elected Olusegun Obasanjo, the former military head of state, as the new President of Nigeria. This ended almost 33 years of military rule (from 1966 until 1999), excluding the short-lived second republic (between 1979 and 1983) by military dictators who seized power in coups d'état and counter-coups during the Nigerian military juntas of 1966–1979 and 1983–1998. Although the elections which brought Obasanjo to power in 1999 and again in 2003 were condemned as unfree and unfair, Nigeria has shown marked improvements in attempts to tackle government corruption and to hasten development.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first \"people's republic\", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition parties.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Day of the World's Indigenous People's is observed on 9 August each year to promote and protect the rights of the world's indigenous population. This event also recognizes the achievements and contributions that indigenous people make to improve world issues such as environmental protection. It was first pronounced by the General Assembly of the United Nations in December 1994, marking the day of the first meeting of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations of the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, in 1982.", "title": "International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During their expedition, Guevara and Granado encounter the poverty of the indigenous peasants, and the movie assumes a greater seriousness once the men gain a better sense of the disparity between the ``haves ''(to which they belong) and the obviously exploited`` have - nots'' (who make up the majority of those they encounter) by traveling on foot. In Chile, for instance, they encounter a penniless and persecuted couple forced onto the road because of their communist beliefs. In a fire - lit scene, Guevara and Granado ashamedly admit to the couple that they are not out looking for work as well. The duo then accompanies the couple to the Chuquicamata copper mine, where Guevara becomes angry at the treatment of the workers.", "title": "The Motorcycle Diaries (film)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlos Prío Socarrás (July 14, 1903 – April 5, 1977) was the President of Cuba from 1948 until he was deposed by a military coup led by Fulgencio Batista on March 10, 1952, three months before new elections were to be held. He was the first president of Cuba to be born in an independent Cuba and the last to gain his post through universal, contested elections. He is sometimes called Charles Prio Socarras in English.", "title": "Carlos Prío Socarrás" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muhammadu Buhari GCFR (born 17 December 1942) is the President of Nigeria, in office since 2015. He is a retired major general in the Nigerian Army and previously served as the nation's head of state from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power in a military coup d'état. The term Buharism is ascribed to the Buhari military government.", "title": "Muhammadu Buhari" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 15 July 1974, the Greek military junta under Dimitrios Ioannides carried out a coup d'état in Cyprus, to unite the island with Greece. The coup ousted president Makarios III and replaced him with pro-enosis nationalist Nikos Sampson. In response to the coup, five days later, on 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee. This justification has been rejected by the United Nations and the international community.", "title": "Cyprus" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khana Ratsadon (, ; meaning \"People's Party\") was a Siamese group of military and civil officers, and later a political party, which staged a bloodless coup against King Prajadhipok and transformed the country's absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy on 24 June 1932.", "title": "Khana Ratsadon" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instability. Hoping to ingratiate themselves with Gaddafi, in 1970 the U.S. informed him of at least one planned counter-coup. Such attempts to form a working relationship with the RCC failed; Gaddafi was determined to reassert national sovereignty and expunge what he described as foreign colonial and imperialist influences. His administration insisted that the U.S. and U.K. remove their military bases from Libya, with Gaddafi proclaiming that \"the armed forces which rose to express the people's revolution [will not] tolerate living in their shacks while the bases of imperialism exist in Libyan territory.\" The British left in March and the Americans in June 1970.", "title": "Muammar Gaddafi" } ]	Before the military coup was staged, who was the president of the country where Fuser and Alberto met the indigenous couple who were traveling to look for work?	Salvador Allende	[]	Title: Hellenistic period Passage: Sparta remained independent, but it was no longer the leading military power in the Peloponnese. The Spartan king Cleomenes III (235–222 BCE) staged a military coup against the conservative ephors and pushed through radical social and land reforms in order to increase the size of the shrinking Spartan citizenry able to provide military service and restore Spartan power. Sparta's bid for supremacy was crushed at the Battle of Sellasia (222) by the Achaean league and Macedon, who restored the power of the ephors. Title: Carlos Prío Socarrás Passage: Carlos Prío Socarrás (July 14, 1903 – April 5, 1977) was the President of Cuba from 1948 until he was deposed by a military coup led by Fulgencio Batista on March 10, 1952, three months before new elections were to be held. He was the first president of Cuba to be born in an independent Cuba and the last to gain his post through universal, contested elections. He is sometimes called Charles Prio Socarras in English. Title: Muammar Gaddafi Passage: After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instability. Hoping to ingratiate themselves with Gaddafi, in 1970 the U.S. informed him of at least one planned counter-coup. Such attempts to form a working relationship with the RCC failed; Gaddafi was determined to reassert national sovereignty and expunge what he described as foreign colonial and imperialist influences. His administration insisted that the U.S. and U.K. remove their military bases from Libya, with Gaddafi proclaiming that "the armed forces which rose to express the people's revolution [will not] tolerate living in their shacks while the bases of imperialism exist in Libyan territory." The British left in March and the Americans in June 1970. Title: La Cantuta massacre Passage: The La Cantuta massacre, in which supposed members of Sendero Luminoso, a university professor and nine students from Lima's La Cantuta University were abducted by a military death squad, took place in Peru on 18 July 1992 during the presidency of Alberto Fujimori. The incident occurred two days after the Shining Path's Tarata bombing left over 40 dead in Lima Province. Title: International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples Passage: The International Day of the World's Indigenous People's is observed on 9 August each year to promote and protect the rights of the world's indigenous population. This event also recognizes the achievements and contributions that indigenous people make to improve world issues such as environmental protection. It was first pronounced by the General Assembly of the United Nations in December 1994, marking the day of the first meeting of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations of the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, in 1982. Title: 1966 Nigerian counter-coup Passage: The Nigerian counter-coup of 1966, or the so - called ``July Rematch '', was the second of many military coups in Nigeria. It was masterminded by Lt. Colonel Murtala Muhammed and many northern military officers. The coup began as a mutiny at roughly midnight on July 28, 1966 and was a reaction to the killings of Northern politicians and Officers by mostly Igbo soldiers on January 15, 1966 (see 1966 Nigerian coup d'état.) The July mutiny / counter coup resulted in the murder of Nigeria's first military Head of State General Johnson Aguiyi - Ironsi and Lt Colonel Adekunle Fajuyi (who was hosting a visiting Aguiyi - Ironsi) in Ibadan by disgruntled northern non-commissioned officers (NCOs). Upon the termination of Ironsi's government, Lt. Colonel Yakubu Gowon was appointed Head of State by the July 1966 coup conspirators. Title: Khana Ratsadon Passage: Khana Ratsadon (, ; meaning "People's Party") was a Siamese group of military and civil officers, and later a political party, which staged a bloodless coup against King Prajadhipok and transformed the country's absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy on 24 June 1932. Title: Dwight D. Eisenhower Passage: Eisenhower's main goals in office were to keep pressure on the Soviet Union and reduce federal deficits. In the first year of his presidency, he threatened the use of nuclear weapons in an effort to conclude the Korean War; his New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized inexpensive nuclear weapons while reducing funding for conventional military forces. He ordered coups in Iran and Guatemala. Eisenhower refused to give major aid to help France in Vietnam. He gave strong financial support to the new nation of South Vietnam. Congress agreed to his request in 1955 for the Formosa Resolution, which obliged the U.S. to militarily support the pro-Western Republic of China in Taiwan and continue the isolation of the People's Republic of China. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition parties. Title: Nigeria Passage: Nigeria regained democracy in 1999 when it elected Olusegun Obasanjo, the former military head of state, as the new President of Nigeria. This ended almost 33 years of military rule (from 1966 until 1999), excluding the short-lived second republic (between 1979 and 1983) by military dictators who seized power in coups d'état and counter-coups during the Nigerian military juntas of 1966–1979 and 1983–1998. Although the elections which brought Obasanjo to power in 1999 and again in 2003 were condemned as unfree and unfair, Nigeria has shown marked improvements in attempts to tackle government corruption and to hasten development. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president. Title: 1973 Chilean coup d'état Passage: The 1973 Chilean coup d'état was a watershed moment in both the history of Chile and the Cold War. Following an extended period of social unrest and political tension between the opposition - controlled Congress of Chile and the socialist President Salvador Allende, as well as economic warfare ordered by US President Richard Nixon, Allende was overthrown by the armed forces and national police. Title: Muhammadu Buhari Passage: Muhammadu Buhari GCFR is the President of Nigeria, in office since 2015. He is a retired major general in the Nigerian Army and previously served as the nation's head of state from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power in a military coup d'état. The term Buharism is ascribed to the Buhari military government. Title: Cyprus Passage: On 15 July 1974, the Greek military junta under Dimitrios Ioannides carried out a coup d'état in Cyprus, to unite the island with Greece. The coup ousted president Makarios III and replaced him with pro-enosis nationalist Nikos Sampson. In response to the coup, five days later, on 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee. This justification has been rejected by the United Nations and the international community. Title: Kenan Evren Passage: Ahmet Kenan Evren (; 17 July 1917 – 9 May 2015) was a Turkish politician and military officer, who served as the seventh President of Turkey from 1980 to 1989. He assumed the post by leading the 1980 military coup. Title: Draft lottery (1969) Passage: In 1963, a coup was organized by South Vietnamese generals which resulted in the death of Diem. President Lyndon B. Johnson increased U.S. personnel in Vietnam due to the political instability in the country. In August 1964, two U.S. warships were attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats. Johnson issued an attack order against North Vietnam, and Congress passed a motion which gave him more authority over military decisions. In 1965, President Johnson had sent 82,000 troops to Vietnam, and his officials wanted another 175,000. Due to the heavy demand for military personnel, the United States required more than what the regular military could provide, causing the acceleration of the draft. Between 1965 and 1972 the draft provided 2,215,000 service members to the U.S. military. Title: Mali Passage: Until the military coup of 22 March 2012 and a second military coup in December 2012, Mali was a constitutional democracy governed by the Constitution of 12 January 1992, which was amended in 1999. The constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The system of government can be described as "semi-presidential". Executive power is vested in a president, who is elected to a five-year term by universal suffrage and is limited to two terms. Title: The Motorcycle Diaries (film) Passage: During their expedition, Guevara and Granado encounter the poverty of the indigenous peasants, and the movie assumes a greater seriousness once the men gain a better sense of the disparity between the ``haves ''(to which they belong) and the obviously exploited`` have - nots'' (who make up the majority of those they encounter) by traveling on foot. In Chile, for instance, they encounter a penniless and persecuted couple forced onto the road because of their communist beliefs. In a fire - lit scene, Guevara and Granado ashamedly admit to the couple that they are not out looking for work as well. The duo then accompanies the couple to the Chuquicamata copper mine, where Guevara becomes angry at the treatment of the workers. Title: Muhammadu Buhari Passage: Muhammadu Buhari GCFR (born 17 December 1942) is the President of Nigeria, in office since 2015. He is a retired major general in the Nigerian Army and previously served as the nation's head of state from 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985, after taking power in a military coup d'état. The term Buharism is ascribed to the Buhari military government. Title: Hugo Ballivián Passage: Hugo Ballivián Rojas (7 June 1901 – 15 July 1993) as 51st President of Bolivia between 1951 and 1952. A career military officer, he was Commander of the Bolivian Armed Forces when President Mamerto Urriolagoitía called upon him to take over as extra-Constitutional chief executive in order to prevent the swearing-in of the reform-minded President-elect, Víctor Paz Estenssoro. This was a self-coup that became popularly known as the "Mamertazo." Installing himself in the Palacio Quemado, Ballivián was the oligarchy's last hope to "turn back the hands of the clock," but the situation was apparently beyond repair. Despite declaring a nationwide curfew and exiling and imprisoning a number of opposition leaders, the demonstrations, work stoppages, and uprisings continued.	[ "1973 Chilean coup d'état", "The Motorcycle Diaries (film)" ]
2hop__135822_46621	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dalton Minimum was a period of low sunspot count, representing low solar activity, named after the English meteorologist John Dalton, lasting from about 1790 to 1830 or 1796 to 1820, corresponding to the period solar cycle 4 to solar cycle 7.", "title": "Dalton Minimum" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Valles Marineris (Latin for \"Mariner Valleys\", named after the \"Mariner 9\" Mars orbiter of 1971–72 which discovered it) is a system of canyons that runs along the Martian surface east of the Tharsis region. At more than long, wide and up to deep, Valles Marineris is one of the largest canyons of the Solar System, surpassed in length only by the rift valleys of Earth.", "title": "Valles Marineris" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process. It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers, i.e. 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~ 73%); the rest is mostly helium (~ 25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron.", "title": "Sun" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goddard Space Flight Center is NASA's first, and oldest, space center. It is named after Dr. Robert H. Goddard, the father of modern rocketry. Throughout its history, the center has managed, developed, and operated many notable missions, including the Cosmic Background Explorer, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory.", "title": "History of the Goddard Space Flight Center" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range. Socrates' Megaron House is a classic example of passive solar design. The most recent approaches to solar design use computer modeling tying together solar lighting, heating and ventilation systems in an integrated solar design package. Active solar equipment such as pumps, fans and switchable windows can complement passive design and improve system performance.", "title": "Solar energy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jupiter has been called the Solar System's vacuum cleaner, because of its immense gravity well and location near the inner Solar System. It receives the most frequent comet impacts of the Solar System's planets. It was thought that the planet served to partially shield the inner system from cometary bombardment. However, recent computer simulations suggest that Jupiter does not cause a net decrease in the number of comets that pass through the inner Solar System, as its gravity perturbs their orbits inward roughly as often as it accretes or ejects them. This topic remains controversial among scientists, as some think it draws comets towards Earth from the Kuiper belt while others think that Jupiter protects Earth from the alleged Oort cloud. Jupiter experiences about 200 times more asteroid and comet impacts than Earth.A 1997 survey of early astronomical records and drawings suggested that a certain dark surface feature discovered by astronomer Giovanni Cassini in 1690 may have been an impact scar. The survey initially produced eight more candidate sites as potential impact observations that he and others had recorded between 1664 and 1839. It was later determined, however, that these candidate sites had little or no possibility of being the results of the proposed impacts.More recent discoveries include the following:", "title": "Jupiter" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olympus Mons (/ əˌlɪmpəs ˈmɒnz, oʊ -, - ˈmɒns /; Latin for Mount Olympus) is a very large shield volcano on the planet Mars. By one measure, it has a height of nearly 22 km (13.6 mi or 72,000 ft). Olympus Mons stands about two and a half times as tall as Mount Everest's height above sea level. It is the tallest mountain of all planets and other rounded bodies in the Solar System, and is the second tallest mountain in the Solar System overall, after Rheasilvia on the Asteroid Vesta. It is the youngest of the large volcanoes on Mars, having formed during Mars's Hesperian Period. It is currently the largest volcano discovered in the Solar System and had been known to astronomers since the late 19th century as the albedo feature Nix Olympica (Latin for ``Olympic Snow ''). Its mountainous nature was suspected well before space probes confirmed its identity as a mountain.", "title": "Olympus Mons" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Thomas Kowal (November 8, 1940 – November 28, 2011) was an American astronomer known for his observations and discoveries in the Solar System. As a staff astronomer at Caltech's Mount Wilson and Palomar Mountain observatories between 1961 and 1984, he found the first of a new class of Solar System objects, the centaurs, discovered two moons of the planet Jupiter, and discovered or co-discovered a number of asteroids, comets and supernovae. He was awarded the James Craig Watson Medal for his contributions to astronomy in 1979.", "title": "Charles T. Kowal" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wonders of the Solar System is a 2010 television series co-produced by the BBC and Science Channel, and hosted by physicist Brian Cox. \"Wonders of the Solar System\" was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 7 March 2010. The series comprises five episodes, each of which focuses on an aspect of the Solar System and features a 'wonder' relevant to the theme. The series was described as one of the most successful to appear on BBC Two in recent years. An accompanying book with the same name was also published.", "title": "Wonders of the Solar System" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.", "title": "Solar energy" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets. The first meteorite was found in 1912, and named the Adelie Land meteorite. In 1969, a Japanese expedition discovered nine meteorites. Most of these meteorites have fallen onto the ice sheet in the last million years. Motion of the ice sheet tends to concentrate the meteorites at blocking locations such as mountain ranges, with wind erosion bringing them to the surface after centuries beneath accumulated snowfall. Compared with meteorites collected in more temperate regions on Earth, the Antarctic meteorites are well-preserved.", "title": "Antarctica" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fierbinţi Solar Park, a large thin-film photovoltaic (PV) power system, is being built on a 4 ha plot of land near the Fierbinți-Târg commune in Romania. The power plant will be a 10-megawatt solar power system using state-of-the-art thin film technology, and should be finished by the end of 2012. The solar park is expected to supply 4,000 MWh of electricity per year.", "title": "Fierbinți Solar Park" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.", "title": "Heliocentrism" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NGC 210 is a barred spiral galaxy located roughly 67 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on October 3, 1785 by William Herschel and later added to the New General Catalogue.", "title": "NGC 210" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Solgränd (Swedish: \"Sun Alley\") is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden. It connects the Stortorget square to the street Prästgatan. It is a parallel street to Storkyrkobrinken, Ankargränd, Spektens gränd, and Kåkbrinken.", "title": "Solgränd" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Solar power in Germany consists almost exclusively of photovoltaics (PV) and accounted for an estimated 6.2 to 6.9 percent of the country's net - electricity generation in 2016. About 1.5 million photovoltaic systems were installed around the country in 2014, ranging from small rooftop systems, to medium commercial and large utility - scale solar parks. Germany's largest solar farms are located in Meuro, Neuhardenberg, and Templin with capacities over 100 MW. Solar heating does not use solar energy for power generation and is therefore not included in this article.", "title": "Solar power in Germany" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dorsa Barlow is a wrinkle ridge system on the Moon, in Mare Tranquilitatis near the border with Mare Serenitatis, centered at . It is about 110 km long and was named after British crystallographer William Barlow in 1976.", "title": "Dorsa Barlow" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System. Its orbital period around the Sun of 88 days is the shortest of all the planets in the Solar System. It is named after the Roman deity Mercury, the messenger to the gods.", "title": "Mercury (planet)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arsia Mons is the southernmost of three volcanos (collectively known as Tharsis Montes) on the Tharsis bulge near the equator of the planet Mars. To its north is Pavonis Mons, and north of that is Ascraeus Mons. The tallest volcano in the Solar System, Olympus Mons, is to its northwest. Its name comes from a corresponding albedo feature on a map by Giovanni Schiaparelli, which he named in turn after the legendary Roman forest of Arsia Silva.", "title": "Arsia Mons" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The birth of the modern widely accepted theory of planetary formation -- the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) -- can be traced to the Soviet astronomer Victor Safronov. His 1969 book Evolution of the protoplanetary cloud and formation of the Earth and the planets, which was translated to English in 1972, had a long - lasting effect on the way scientists think about the formation of the planets. In this book almost all major problems of the planetary formation process were formulated and some of them solved. Safronov's ideas were further developed in the works of George Wetherill, who discovered runaway accretion. While originally applied only to the Solar System, the SNDM was subsequently thought by theorists to be at work throughout the Universe; as of 1 December 2017 astronomers have discovered 3,710 extrasolar planets in our galaxy.", "title": "Nebular hypothesis" } ]	When was the star to which Solgränd is named after discovered to be the center of the solar system?	as early as the 3rd century BC	[]	Title: Mercury (planet) Passage: Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System. Its orbital period around the Sun of 88 days is the shortest of all the planets in the Solar System. It is named after the Roman deity Mercury, the messenger to the gods. Title: Solgränd Passage: Solgränd (Swedish: "Sun Alley") is an alley in Gamla stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden. It connects the Stortorget square to the street Prästgatan. It is a parallel street to Storkyrkobrinken, Ankargränd, Spektens gränd, and Kåkbrinken. Title: Dorsa Barlow Passage: Dorsa Barlow is a wrinkle ridge system on the Moon, in Mare Tranquilitatis near the border with Mare Serenitatis, centered at . It is about 110 km long and was named after British crystallographer William Barlow in 1976. Title: Fierbinți Solar Park Passage: Fierbinţi Solar Park, a large thin-film photovoltaic (PV) power system, is being built on a 4 ha plot of land near the Fierbinți-Târg commune in Romania. The power plant will be a 10-megawatt solar power system using state-of-the-art thin film technology, and should be finished by the end of 2012. The solar park is expected to supply 4,000 MWh of electricity per year. Title: Jupiter Passage: Jupiter has been called the Solar System's vacuum cleaner, because of its immense gravity well and location near the inner Solar System. It receives the most frequent comet impacts of the Solar System's planets. It was thought that the planet served to partially shield the inner system from cometary bombardment. However, recent computer simulations suggest that Jupiter does not cause a net decrease in the number of comets that pass through the inner Solar System, as its gravity perturbs their orbits inward roughly as often as it accretes or ejects them. This topic remains controversial among scientists, as some think it draws comets towards Earth from the Kuiper belt while others think that Jupiter protects Earth from the alleged Oort cloud. Jupiter experiences about 200 times more asteroid and comet impacts than Earth.A 1997 survey of early astronomical records and drawings suggested that a certain dark surface feature discovered by astronomer Giovanni Cassini in 1690 may have been an impact scar. The survey initially produced eight more candidate sites as potential impact observations that he and others had recorded between 1664 and 1839. It was later determined, however, that these candidate sites had little or no possibility of being the results of the proposed impacts.More recent discoveries include the following: Title: Solar power in Germany Passage: Solar power in Germany consists almost exclusively of photovoltaics (PV) and accounted for an estimated 6.2 to 6.9 percent of the country's net - electricity generation in 2016. About 1.5 million photovoltaic systems were installed around the country in 2014, ranging from small rooftop systems, to medium commercial and large utility - scale solar parks. Germany's largest solar farms are located in Meuro, Neuhardenberg, and Templin with capacities over 100 MW. Solar heating does not use solar energy for power generation and is therefore not included in this article. Title: Wonders of the Solar System Passage: Wonders of the Solar System is a 2010 television series co-produced by the BBC and Science Channel, and hosted by physicist Brian Cox. "Wonders of the Solar System" was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 7 March 2010. The series comprises five episodes, each of which focuses on an aspect of the Solar System and features a 'wonder' relevant to the theme. The series was described as one of the most successful to appear on BBC Two in recent years. An accompanying book with the same name was also published. Title: Sun Passage: The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process. It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 1.39 million kilometers, i.e. 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~ 73%); the rest is mostly helium (~ 25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron. Title: Valles Marineris Passage: Valles Marineris (Latin for "Mariner Valleys", named after the "Mariner 9" Mars orbiter of 1971–72 which discovered it) is a system of canyons that runs along the Martian surface east of the Tharsis region. At more than long, wide and up to deep, Valles Marineris is one of the largest canyons of the Solar System, surpassed in length only by the rift valleys of Earth. Title: Solar energy Passage: It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. Title: Nebular hypothesis Passage: The birth of the modern widely accepted theory of planetary formation -- the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) -- can be traced to the Soviet astronomer Victor Safronov. His 1969 book Evolution of the protoplanetary cloud and formation of the Earth and the planets, which was translated to English in 1972, had a long - lasting effect on the way scientists think about the formation of the planets. In this book almost all major problems of the planetary formation process were formulated and some of them solved. Safronov's ideas were further developed in the works of George Wetherill, who discovered runaway accretion. While originally applied only to the Solar System, the SNDM was subsequently thought by theorists to be at work throughout the Universe; as of 1 December 2017 astronomers have discovered 3,710 extrasolar planets in our galaxy. Title: History of the Goddard Space Flight Center Passage: Goddard Space Flight Center is NASA's first, and oldest, space center. It is named after Dr. Robert H. Goddard, the father of modern rocketry. Throughout its history, the center has managed, developed, and operated many notable missions, including the Cosmic Background Explorer, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS), the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Title: NGC 210 Passage: NGC 210 is a barred spiral galaxy located roughly 67 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on October 3, 1785 by William Herschel and later added to the New General Catalogue. Title: Antarctica Passage: Meteorites from Antarctica are an important area of study of material formed early in the solar system; most are thought to come from asteroids, but some may have originated on larger planets. The first meteorite was found in 1912, and named the Adelie Land meteorite. In 1969, a Japanese expedition discovered nine meteorites. Most of these meteorites have fallen onto the ice sheet in the last million years. Motion of the ice sheet tends to concentrate the meteorites at blocking locations such as mountain ranges, with wind erosion bringing them to the surface after centuries beneath accumulated snowfall. Compared with meteorites collected in more temperate regions on Earth, the Antarctic meteorites are well-preserved. Title: Dalton Minimum Passage: The Dalton Minimum was a period of low sunspot count, representing low solar activity, named after the English meteorologist John Dalton, lasting from about 1790 to 1830 or 1796 to 1820, corresponding to the period solar cycle 4 to solar cycle 7. Title: Solar energy Passage: The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range. Socrates' Megaron House is a classic example of passive solar design. The most recent approaches to solar design use computer modeling tying together solar lighting, heating and ventilation systems in an integrated solar design package. Active solar equipment such as pumps, fans and switchable windows can complement passive design and improve system performance. Title: Charles T. Kowal Passage: Charles Thomas Kowal (November 8, 1940 – November 28, 2011) was an American astronomer known for his observations and discoveries in the Solar System. As a staff astronomer at Caltech's Mount Wilson and Palomar Mountain observatories between 1961 and 1984, he found the first of a new class of Solar System objects, the centaurs, discovered two moons of the planet Jupiter, and discovered or co-discovered a number of asteroids, comets and supernovae. He was awarded the James Craig Watson Medal for his contributions to astronomy in 1979. Title: Olympus Mons Passage: Olympus Mons (/ əˌlɪmpəs ˈmɒnz, oʊ -, - ˈmɒns /; Latin for Mount Olympus) is a very large shield volcano on the planet Mars. By one measure, it has a height of nearly 22 km (13.6 mi or 72,000 ft). Olympus Mons stands about two and a half times as tall as Mount Everest's height above sea level. It is the tallest mountain of all planets and other rounded bodies in the Solar System, and is the second tallest mountain in the Solar System overall, after Rheasilvia on the Asteroid Vesta. It is the youngest of the large volcanoes on Mars, having formed during Mars's Hesperian Period. It is currently the largest volcano discovered in the Solar System and had been known to astronomers since the late 19th century as the albedo feature Nix Olympica (Latin for ``Olympic Snow ''). Its mountainous nature was suspected well before space probes confirmed its identity as a mountain. Title: Arsia Mons Passage: Arsia Mons is the southernmost of three volcanos (collectively known as Tharsis Montes) on the Tharsis bulge near the equator of the planet Mars. To its north is Pavonis Mons, and north of that is Ascraeus Mons. The tallest volcano in the Solar System, Olympus Mons, is to its northwest. Its name comes from a corresponding albedo feature on a map by Giovanni Schiaparelli, which he named in turn after the legendary Roman forest of Arsia Silva. Title: Heliocentrism Passage: Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.	[ "Heliocentrism", "Solgränd" ]
2hop__123166_47134	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jesse Alexander is an American television writer and producer. He was a co-executive producer and writer on \"Heroes\". Originally from Santa Barbara, California, Alexander attended Sarah Lawrence College and AFI Conservatory. At Sarah Lawrence, he befriended J. J. Abrams, his collaborator on a number of projects.", "title": "Jesse Alexander" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Chill is a 1983 American comedy - drama film directed by Lawrence Kasdan, starring Tom Berenger, Glenn Close, Jeff Goldblum, William Hurt, Kevin Kline, Mary Kay Place, Meg Tilly, and JoBeth Williams. The plot focuses on a group of baby boomers who attended the University of Michigan, reuniting after 15 years when their friend Alex commits suicide. Kevin Costner was cast as Alex, but all scenes showing his face were cut. It was filmed in Beaufort, South Carolina.", "title": "The Big Chill (film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "William J. Ripple is a Distinguished Professor of Ecology at Oregon State University in the Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society. He is a widely published researcher and a prominent figure in the field of ecology. He is best known for his research on terrestrial trophic cascades, particularly the role of the gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\") in North America as an apex predator and a keystone species that shapes food webs and landscape structures via “top-down” pressures.", "title": "William J. Ripple" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "College comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10", "title": "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "J. Mark Scearce was born in Edina, Missouri and grew up in neighboring Kirksville. There he graduated high school in 1979, and attended Northeast Missouri State University (now Truman State), graduating in 1983. At NMSU he triple-majored in music theory, horn performance, and philosophy & religion.", "title": "J. Mark Scearce" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Benny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write - in campaign. The exact date of when the name was first used as the university's mascot is not known, but photographs in the school's yearbook document its use as early as the 1940s.", "title": "Benny Beaver" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darrent Demarcus Williams (September 27, 1982 – January 1, 2007) was an American football player for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League. After attending high school in Fort Worth, Texas, Williams played football at Oklahoma State University. He was a second-round draft pick by the Broncos in 2005. Williams was killed in a drive-by shooting the day after he finished his second season with the Broncos.", "title": "Darrent Williams" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William B. Broydrick (born October 30, 1948 in Boston, Massachusetts), was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, serving in the 16th Assembly District. He graduated from Cornell University with a B.A. in Government in 1970 and attended Johns Hopkins University 1970-1971. Broydrick is married with one child.", "title": "William B. Broydrick" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rippling Blossom is a 2011 Hong Kong romantic drama series produced by TVB and starring Julian Cheung, Michael Tse, Myolie Wu, Damian Lau and Tavia Yeung. The premiere episode aired on 7 February 2011 on TVB Jade.", "title": "The Rippling Blossom" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Higman was born in Louth, Lincolnshire and attended Sutton High School, Plymouth, winning a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford. In 1939 he co-founded The Invariant Society, the student mathematics society, and earned his DPhil from the University of Oxford in 1941. His thesis, \"The units of group-rings\", was written under the direction of J. H. C. Whitehead.", "title": "Graham Higman" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Spirit of Notre Dame is a 1931 American drama film directed by Russell Mack, written by Walter DeLeon, Robert Keith, Richard Schayer and Dale Van Every, and starring Lew Ayres, Sally Blane, William Bakewell, Andy Devine, Harry Barris and J. Farrell MacDonald. It was released on October 13, 1931, by Universal Pictures.", "title": "The Spirit of Notre Dame" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "J. William Schickel, FAIA, (1850–1907) known professionally as William Schickel, was a German-American architect and founder of the New York architectural firm of Schickel & Ditmars.", "title": "J. William Schickel" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Chill is a 1983 American comedy - drama film directed by Lawrence Kasdan, starring Tom Berenger, Glenn Close, Jeff Goldblum, William Hurt, Kevin Kline, Mary Kay Place, Meg Tilly, and JoBeth Williams. The plot focuses on a group of baby boomer college friends, who attended the University of Michigan, reunite after 15 years when one of their old comrades, Alex, commits suicide without warning. Kevin Costner was cast as Alex, but all scenes showing his face were cut.", "title": "The Big Chill (film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Decatur, Texas, the son of a Baptist minister turned attorney. He attended Southern Baptist Seminary, and Harvard University. While at Harvard he studied under William James. Newton held the honorary degrees of Doctor of Hebrew Literature (Coe College, 1912), Doctor of Divinity (Tufts University, 1919), Doctor of Humane Letters (Hobart and William Smith Colleges, 1926), and Doctor of Laws (Temple University, 1929).", "title": "Joseph Fort Newton" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard J. Carling (born December 6, 1937), was an American politician who was a Republican member of the Utah House of Representatives and Utah State Senate. An attorney, he attended the University of Utah where he earned a law degree. He is an avid runner and has run in over 155 races, including over 35 Honolulu Marathons and 38 consecutive Boston Marathons.", "title": "Richard J. Carling" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bride of Frankenstein Original US pressbook cover Directed by James Whale Produced by Carl Laemmle Jr. Screenplay by William Hurlbut Story by Adaptation: William Hurlbut John L. Balderston Based on Premise suggested by Frankenstein by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley Starring Boris Karloff Elsa Lanchester Colin Clive Music by Franz Waxman Cinematography John J. Mescall Edited by Ted J. Kent Production company Universal Pictures Distributed by Universal Pictures Release date April 19, 1935 (1935 - 04 - 19) (Chicago) April 20, 1935 (1935 - 04 - 20) (United States) Running time 75 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $397,000 Box office $2 million", "title": "Bride of Frankenstein" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glenn Chadbourne attended Lincoln Academy before continuing his education at The Portland School of Art. He also attended the University of Maine at Augusta, as well as the University of Southern Maine.", "title": "Glenn Chadbourne" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ray Hackett \"(né\" Raymond William Hackett; 5 November 1909 Carlin, Nevada – 29 March 1987 Santa Rosa, California) was an American radio broadcast and dance orchestra leader who flourished from 1928, while attending the University of Nevada, Reno, to the mid 1970s in the San Francisco Bay Area, where he spent most of his professional career.", "title": "Ray Hackett" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Today, the Billiken is the official mascot of Saint Louis University and St. Louis University High School, both Jesuit institutions located in St. Louis. The Billiken is also the official mascot of the Royal Order of Jesters, an invitation only Shriner group, affiliated with Freemasonry. The Billiken also became the namesake of Billiken Shokai, the Japanese toy & model manufacturing company (established 1976).", "title": "Billiken" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Big Chill is a 1983 American comedy - drama film directed by Lawrence Kasdan, starring Tom Berenger, Glenn Close, Jeff Goldblum, William Hurt, Kevin Kline, Mary Kay Place, Meg Tilly, and JoBeth Williams. The plot focuses on a group of baby boomers who attended the University of Michigan, reuniting after 15 years when their friend Alex commits suicide. Kevin Costner was cast as Alex, but all scenes showing his face were cut.", "title": "The Big Chill (film)" } ]	What is the mascot of William J. Ripple's university?	Benny Beaver	[]	Title: The Big Chill (film) Passage: The Big Chill is a 1983 American comedy - drama film directed by Lawrence Kasdan, starring Tom Berenger, Glenn Close, Jeff Goldblum, William Hurt, Kevin Kline, Mary Kay Place, Meg Tilly, and JoBeth Williams. The plot focuses on a group of baby boomer college friends, who attended the University of Michigan, reunite after 15 years when one of their old comrades, Alex, commits suicide without warning. Kevin Costner was cast as Alex, but all scenes showing his face were cut. Title: Joseph Fort Newton Passage: He was born in Decatur, Texas, the son of a Baptist minister turned attorney. He attended Southern Baptist Seminary, and Harvard University. While at Harvard he studied under William James. Newton held the honorary degrees of Doctor of Hebrew Literature (Coe College, 1912), Doctor of Divinity (Tufts University, 1919), Doctor of Humane Letters (Hobart and William Smith Colleges, 1926), and Doctor of Laws (Temple University, 1929). Title: Richard J. Carling Passage: Richard J. Carling (born December 6, 1937), was an American politician who was a Republican member of the Utah House of Representatives and Utah State Senate. An attorney, he attended the University of Utah where he earned a law degree. He is an avid runner and has run in over 155 races, including over 35 Honolulu Marathons and 38 consecutive Boston Marathons. Title: Clemson–South Carolina rivalry Passage: College comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10 Title: Ray Hackett Passage: Ray Hackett "(né" Raymond William Hackett; 5 November 1909 Carlin, Nevada – 29 March 1987 Santa Rosa, California) was an American radio broadcast and dance orchestra leader who flourished from 1928, while attending the University of Nevada, Reno, to the mid 1970s in the San Francisco Bay Area, where he spent most of his professional career. Title: Glenn Chadbourne Passage: Glenn Chadbourne attended Lincoln Academy before continuing his education at The Portland School of Art. He also attended the University of Maine at Augusta, as well as the University of Southern Maine. Title: William B. Broydrick Passage: William B. Broydrick (born October 30, 1948 in Boston, Massachusetts), was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly, serving in the 16th Assembly District. He graduated from Cornell University with a B.A. in Government in 1970 and attended Johns Hopkins University 1970-1971. Broydrick is married with one child. Title: The Big Chill (film) Passage: The Big Chill is a 1983 American comedy - drama film directed by Lawrence Kasdan, starring Tom Berenger, Glenn Close, Jeff Goldblum, William Hurt, Kevin Kline, Mary Kay Place, Meg Tilly, and JoBeth Williams. The plot focuses on a group of baby boomers who attended the University of Michigan, reuniting after 15 years when their friend Alex commits suicide. Kevin Costner was cast as Alex, but all scenes showing his face were cut. It was filmed in Beaufort, South Carolina. Title: Billiken Passage: Today, the Billiken is the official mascot of Saint Louis University and St. Louis University High School, both Jesuit institutions located in St. Louis. The Billiken is also the official mascot of the Royal Order of Jesters, an invitation only Shriner group, affiliated with Freemasonry. The Billiken also became the namesake of Billiken Shokai, the Japanese toy & model manufacturing company (established 1976). Title: J. William Schickel Passage: J. William Schickel, FAIA, (1850–1907) known professionally as William Schickel, was a German-American architect and founder of the New York architectural firm of Schickel & Ditmars. Title: William J. Ripple Passage: William J. Ripple is a Distinguished Professor of Ecology at Oregon State University in the Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society. He is a widely published researcher and a prominent figure in the field of ecology. He is best known for his research on terrestrial trophic cascades, particularly the role of the gray wolf ("Canis lupus") in North America as an apex predator and a keystone species that shapes food webs and landscape structures via “top-down” pressures. Title: The Big Chill (film) Passage: The Big Chill is a 1983 American comedy - drama film directed by Lawrence Kasdan, starring Tom Berenger, Glenn Close, Jeff Goldblum, William Hurt, Kevin Kline, Mary Kay Place, Meg Tilly, and JoBeth Williams. The plot focuses on a group of baby boomers who attended the University of Michigan, reuniting after 15 years when their friend Alex commits suicide. Kevin Costner was cast as Alex, but all scenes showing his face were cut. Title: J. Mark Scearce Passage: J. Mark Scearce was born in Edina, Missouri and grew up in neighboring Kirksville. There he graduated high school in 1979, and attended Northeast Missouri State University (now Truman State), graduating in 1983. At NMSU he triple-majored in music theory, horn performance, and philosophy & religion. Title: Graham Higman Passage: Higman was born in Louth, Lincolnshire and attended Sutton High School, Plymouth, winning a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford. In 1939 he co-founded The Invariant Society, the student mathematics society, and earned his DPhil from the University of Oxford in 1941. His thesis, "The units of group-rings", was written under the direction of J. H. C. Whitehead. Title: Benny Beaver Passage: Benny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write - in campaign. The exact date of when the name was first used as the university's mascot is not known, but photographs in the school's yearbook document its use as early as the 1940s. Title: Darrent Williams Passage: Darrent Demarcus Williams (September 27, 1982 – January 1, 2007) was an American football player for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League. After attending high school in Fort Worth, Texas, Williams played football at Oklahoma State University. He was a second-round draft pick by the Broncos in 2005. Williams was killed in a drive-by shooting the day after he finished his second season with the Broncos. Title: The Rippling Blossom Passage: The Rippling Blossom is a 2011 Hong Kong romantic drama series produced by TVB and starring Julian Cheung, Michael Tse, Myolie Wu, Damian Lau and Tavia Yeung. The premiere episode aired on 7 February 2011 on TVB Jade. Title: Bride of Frankenstein Passage: Bride of Frankenstein Original US pressbook cover Directed by James Whale Produced by Carl Laemmle Jr. Screenplay by William Hurlbut Story by Adaptation: William Hurlbut John L. Balderston Based on Premise suggested by Frankenstein by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley Starring Boris Karloff Elsa Lanchester Colin Clive Music by Franz Waxman Cinematography John J. Mescall Edited by Ted J. Kent Production company Universal Pictures Distributed by Universal Pictures Release date April 19, 1935 (1935 - 04 - 19) (Chicago) April 20, 1935 (1935 - 04 - 20) (United States) Running time 75 minutes Country United States Language English Budget $397,000 Box office $2 million Title: The Spirit of Notre Dame Passage: The Spirit of Notre Dame is a 1931 American drama film directed by Russell Mack, written by Walter DeLeon, Robert Keith, Richard Schayer and Dale Van Every, and starring Lew Ayres, Sally Blane, William Bakewell, Andy Devine, Harry Barris and J. Farrell MacDonald. It was released on October 13, 1931, by Universal Pictures. Title: Jesse Alexander Passage: Jesse Alexander is an American television writer and producer. He was a co-executive producer and writer on "Heroes". Originally from Santa Barbara, California, Alexander attended Sarah Lawrence College and AFI Conservatory. At Sarah Lawrence, he befriended J. J. Abrams, his collaborator on a number of projects.	[ "William J. Ripple", "Benny Beaver" ]
2hop__731228_609866	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.", "title": "Port Blair" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buckingham Palace (UK: / ˈbʌkɪŋəm ˈpælɪs /) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ammerud is a part of Grorud Borough in Oslo, Norway known for its large Le Corbusier style housing blocks. The borough administration is located here.", "title": "Ammerud" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pegangsaan is an administrative village in the Menteng district of Indonesia. It has a postal code of 10320. This administrative village is also known as the location of the house where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read.", "title": "Pegangsaan, Menteng" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Julia Claire Irwin (born 8 November 1951), Australian politician, was an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from October 1998 to July 2010, representing the Division of Fowler, New South Wales. Irwin was born in Sydney and was variously a bank officer, trade union administration officer and electorate officer before entering politics.", "title": "Julia Irwin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Julia's House is a children's hospice located in Corfe Mullen, Dorset, England. It is a hospice in Dorset for children with life-limiting conditions. The majority of the children who are cared for by Julia's House are unlikely to live beyond the age of 18. The hospice costs £1.9 million to be maintained. Only 3% of this cost is provided by the government.", "title": "Julia's House" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "title": "Kiri Territory" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mount Meigs Campus is a juvenile corrections facility of the Alabama Department of Youth Services located in Mount Meigs, unincorporated Montgomery County; the campus serves as the agency's administrative headquarters. The campus, which can house 264 boys, is next to Interstate 85 North and about east of Downtown Montgomery. Since 2015, the separate J. Walter Wood Treatment facility for 24 girls is also located in the Mount Meigs Campus.", "title": "Mount Meigs Campus" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Corfe Mullen is a village in Dorset, England, on the north-western urban fringe of the South East Dorset conurbation and is part of the rural district of East Dorset. The village has a population of 10,133 (2011) and is served by six churches, five pubs, five schools, a library, various shops and local businesses, a village hall, and many community and sports organisations. There are three electoral wards within the village (Central,North and South).", "title": "Corfe Mullen" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "title": "Taputapuatea" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.", "title": "Dunbar Hospital" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58 km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir.", "title": "Alamnagar" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Majura Training Area (MTA) is a facility belonging to the Australian Department of Defence located to the east of Mount Majura in the Majura district in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The MTA is used primarily by the Australian Army for the conduct of field exercises and weapon qualification shoots. The MTA is located near to the Royal Military College, Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy and is frequently used by these training establishments. Accommodation and support on the range is through 'Camp Blake', which consists of headquarters buildings, Q-Store, Mess, Staff accommodation and amenities and trainee accommodation and amenities.", "title": "Majura Training Area" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nizampatnam mandal is one of the 57 mandals in Guntur district of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is under the administration of Tenali Revenue Division and the headquarters are located at Nizampatnam. The mandal is bounded by Repalle, Nagaram, Pittalavanipalem and Karlapalem mandals. The mandals lies on the shore of Bay of Bengal and a portion of the mandal lies on the banks of Krishna River.", "title": "Nizampatnam mandal" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buckingham Palace (UK: ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NORC at the University of Chicago is one of the largest independent social research organizations in the United States. Established in 1941 as the National Opinion Research Center, its corporate headquarters is located in downtown Chicago, with offices in several other locations throughout the United States. Organized as an independent corporation, more than half its board comes from faculty and administration of the university, it also jointly staffs some university academic research centers.", "title": "NORC at the University of Chicago" } ]	What district is the headquarter of Julia's House located?	East Dorset	[]	Title: Tumaraa Passage: Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea. Title: Julia Irwin Passage: Julia Claire Irwin (born 8 November 1951), Australian politician, was an Australian Labor Party member of the Australian House of Representatives from October 1998 to July 2010, representing the Division of Fowler, New South Wales. Irwin was born in Sydney and was variously a bank officer, trade union administration officer and electorate officer before entering politics. Title: Taputapuatea Passage: Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. Title: Majura Training Area Passage: The Majura Training Area (MTA) is a facility belonging to the Australian Department of Defence located to the east of Mount Majura in the Majura district in the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The MTA is used primarily by the Australian Army for the conduct of field exercises and weapon qualification shoots. The MTA is located near to the Royal Military College, Duntroon and the Australian Defence Force Academy and is frequently used by these training establishments. Accommodation and support on the range is through 'Camp Blake', which consists of headquarters buildings, Q-Store, Mess, Staff accommodation and amenities and trainee accommodation and amenities. Title: Nizampatnam mandal Passage: Nizampatnam mandal is one of the 57 mandals in Guntur district of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is under the administration of Tenali Revenue Division and the headquarters are located at Nizampatnam. The mandal is bounded by Repalle, Nagaram, Pittalavanipalem and Karlapalem mandals. The mandals lies on the shore of Bay of Bengal and a portion of the mandal lies on the banks of Krishna River. Title: Alamnagar Passage: Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar. The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58 km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura. The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir. Title: Pegangsaan, Menteng Passage: Pegangsaan is an administrative village in the Menteng district of Indonesia. It has a postal code of 10320. This administrative village is also known as the location of the house where the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read. Title: Buckingham Palace Passage: Buckingham Palace (UK: / ˈbʌkɪŋəm ˈpælɪs /) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning. Title: Corfe Mullen Passage: Corfe Mullen is a village in Dorset, England, on the north-western urban fringe of the South East Dorset conurbation and is part of the rural district of East Dorset. The village has a population of 10,133 (2011) and is served by six churches, five pubs, five schools, a library, various shops and local businesses, a village hall, and many community and sports organisations. There are three electoral wards within the village (Central,North and South). Title: Pangi Territory Passage: Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi. Title: Buckingham Palace Passage: Buckingham Palace (UK: ) is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: NORC at the University of Chicago Passage: NORC at the University of Chicago is one of the largest independent social research organizations in the United States. Established in 1941 as the National Opinion Research Center, its corporate headquarters is located in downtown Chicago, with offices in several other locations throughout the United States. Organized as an independent corporation, more than half its board comes from faculty and administration of the university, it also jointly staffs some university academic research centers. Title: Mount Meigs Campus Passage: The Mount Meigs Campus is a juvenile corrections facility of the Alabama Department of Youth Services located in Mount Meigs, unincorporated Montgomery County; the campus serves as the agency's administrative headquarters. The campus, which can house 264 boys, is next to Interstate 85 North and about east of Downtown Montgomery. Since 2015, the separate J. Walter Wood Treatment facility for 24 girls is also located in the Mount Meigs Campus. Title: Dunbar Hospital Passage: The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan. It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Kiri Territory Passage: Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri. Title: Ammerud Passage: Ammerud is a part of Grorud Borough in Oslo, Norway known for its large Le Corbusier style housing blocks. The borough administration is located here. Title: Julia's House Passage: Julia's House is a children's hospice located in Corfe Mullen, Dorset, England. It is a hospice in Dorset for children with life-limiting conditions. The majority of the children who are cared for by Julia's House are unlikely to live beyond the age of 18. The hospice costs £1.9 million to be maintained. Only 3% of this cost is provided by the government. Title: Port Blair Passage: Port Blair (pronunciation (help info)) is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India situated in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.	[ "Julia's House", "Corfe Mullen" ]
2hop__132929_120537	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The break - up of the centralised Mughal empire by 1750, led to the creation of numerous semi-independent kingdoms (all provinces of the former Mughal empire). Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah was defeated by the British forces of Sir Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Thereafter the Nawab of Bengal became a ``puppet ruler ''depending on military support from British East India company to secure their throne. Siraj - ud - Daulah was replaced by Mir Jaffer. He was personally led to the throne by Robert Clive, after triumph of the British in the battle. He briefly tried to re-assert his power by allying with the Dutch, but this plan was ended by the Battle of Chinsurah. After the defeat at Battle of Buxar and grant of the Diwani (revenue collection) of Bengal by the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, to the British East India Company in August 1765 and the appointment of Warren Hastings by the East India Company as their first Governor General of Bengal in 1773, the Nawabs authority became restricted. By 1773, British East India company asserted much authority and formed the Bengal Presidency over areas ruled by the Nawabs i.e. the Bengal subah, along with some other regions and abolished the system of Dual Government. In 1793 (during Nawab Mubarak ud - Daulah's reign), the Nizamat (military power, civil and criminal justice) was abolished, British East India company thus annexed this former Mughal province as part of their empire and took complete control of the region, and the Nawabs of Bengal became mere pensioners of the British East India Company. All the Diwan offices except the Diwan Ton were also abolished.", "title": "Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pyrgiotissa was a province of Heraklion Prefecture, Crete, Greece. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipal unit Tympaki. It was abolished in 2006.", "title": "Pyrgiotissa" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons is classified as homebrewing regardless of where it is made, though most homebrewed beer is made in the home. Brewing beer is subject to legislation and taxation in developed countries, which from the late 19th century largely restricted brewing to a commercial operation only. However, the UK government relaxed legislation in 1963, followed by Australia in 1972 and the US in 1978, allowing homebrewing to become a popular hobby.", "title": "Beer" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hirox (ハイロックス) is a lens company in Tokyo, Japan that created the first digital microscope in 1985. This company is now known as Hirox Co Ltd. Hirox's main industry is digital microscopes, but still makes the lenses for a variety of items including rangefinders.", "title": "Hirox" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tianjin Port (Group) Company (TPG) is the main operator of the Port of Tianjin. It was established in 2004 by the incorporation of the Tianjin Port Authority, part of the process in China of making port authorities into autonomous corporations. It has been a top 500 company in China since 2004.", "title": "Tianjin Port (Group) Company" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Damaraland, like other homelands in South West Africa, was abolished in May 1989 at the start of the transition to independence.", "title": "Damaraland" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1798, the revolutionary French government conquered Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution. This centralised the government of the country, effectively abolishing the cantons: moreover, Mülhausen joined France and Valtellina valley, the Cisalpine Republic, separating from Switzerland. The new regime, known as the Helvetic Republic, was highly unpopular. It had been imposed by a foreign invading army and destroyed centuries of tradition, making Switzerland nothing more than a French satellite state. The fierce French suppression of the Nidwalden Revolt in September 1798 was an example of the oppressive presence of the French Army and the local population's resistance to the occupation.", "title": "Switzerland" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The GEC merger to create a UK company compared to what would have been an Anglo-German firm, made the possibility of further penetration of the United States (US) defence market more likely. The company, initially called \"New British Aerospace\", was officially formed on 30 November 1999 and known as BAE Systems.", "title": "British Aerospace" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957. Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. IV c. 73) was an 1833 Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire (with the exceptions ``of the Territories in the Possession of the East India Company '', Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, and Saint Helena; the exceptions were eliminated in 1843). The Act was repealed in 1998 as part of a wider rationalisation of English statute law, but later anti-slavery legislation remains in force.", "title": "Slavery Abolition Act 1833" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kavangoland, like other homelands in South West Africa, was abolished in May 1989 at the start of the transition to independence.", "title": "Kavangoland" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Emperor of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the company's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control.", "title": "East India Company" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935.", "title": "List of governors-general of India" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The British Aerospace Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Viggens.", "title": "Skyflash" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment in New Zealand first appeared in a codified form when it became a British territory in 1840, and was first employed in 1842. It was last used in 1957, abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished altogether, including for treason, in 1989. During the period that it was in effect, 85 people were executed.", "title": "Capital punishment in New Zealand" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the Batavian Republic was created in 1795, the Lordship of Frisia was abolished as a relic of the Ancien Régime.", "title": "Lordship of Frisia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries. Founded as Vestergaard Frandsen in 1957 as a uniform maker, the company evolved into a social enterprise making products for humanitarian aid in the 1990s. It is now best known for inventing the LifeStraw water filter and the PermaNet mosquito net.", "title": "Vestergaard Frandsen" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Currensee (or currensee.com) was a financial services company based in Boston to serve as a social network for foreign exchange (FX, Forex or currency) traders. The company provided mirror trading services to its clients that allowed them to make trading decisions based on other traders actions. The company was acquired by Oanda in 2013, who decided to close down the service a year later in October 2014.", "title": "Currensee" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the Act of Parliament defining high treason remains on the United Kingdom's statute books, during a long period of 19th - century legal reform the sentence of hanging, drawing, and quartering was changed to drawing, hanging until dead, and posthumous beheading and quartering, before being abolished in England in 1870. The death penalty for treason was abolished in 1998.", "title": "Hanged, drawn and quartered" } ]	When was the company that makes Skyflash abolished?	30 November 1999	[]	Title: Governor-General of India Passage: Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Emperor of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950 Title: Currensee Passage: Currensee (or currensee.com) was a financial services company based in Boston to serve as a social network for foreign exchange (FX, Forex or currency) traders. The company provided mirror trading services to its clients that allowed them to make trading decisions based on other traders actions. The company was acquired by Oanda in 2013, who decided to close down the service a year later in October 2014. Title: Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad Passage: The break - up of the centralised Mughal empire by 1750, led to the creation of numerous semi-independent kingdoms (all provinces of the former Mughal empire). Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah was defeated by the British forces of Sir Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Thereafter the Nawab of Bengal became a ``puppet ruler ''depending on military support from British East India company to secure their throne. Siraj - ud - Daulah was replaced by Mir Jaffer. He was personally led to the throne by Robert Clive, after triumph of the British in the battle. He briefly tried to re-assert his power by allying with the Dutch, but this plan was ended by the Battle of Chinsurah. After the defeat at Battle of Buxar and grant of the Diwani (revenue collection) of Bengal by the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, to the British East India Company in August 1765 and the appointment of Warren Hastings by the East India Company as their first Governor General of Bengal in 1773, the Nawabs authority became restricted. By 1773, British East India company asserted much authority and formed the Bengal Presidency over areas ruled by the Nawabs i.e. the Bengal subah, along with some other regions and abolished the system of Dual Government. In 1793 (during Nawab Mubarak ud - Daulah's reign), the Nizamat (military power, civil and criminal justice) was abolished, British East India company thus annexed this former Mughal province as part of their empire and took complete control of the region, and the Nawabs of Bengal became mere pensioners of the British East India Company. All the Diwan offices except the Diwan Ton were also abolished. Title: Hanged, drawn and quartered Passage: Although the Act of Parliament defining high treason remains on the United Kingdom's statute books, during a long period of 19th - century legal reform the sentence of hanging, drawing, and quartering was changed to drawing, hanging until dead, and posthumous beheading and quartering, before being abolished in England in 1870. The death penalty for treason was abolished in 1998. Title: List of governors-general of India Passage: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935. Title: Skyflash Passage: The British Aerospace Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Viggens. Title: Damaraland Passage: Damaraland, like other homelands in South West Africa, was abolished in May 1989 at the start of the transition to independence. Title: Capital punishment in New Zealand Passage: Capital punishment in New Zealand first appeared in a codified form when it became a British territory in 1840, and was first employed in 1842. It was last used in 1957, abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished altogether, including for treason, in 1989. During the period that it was in effect, 85 people were executed. Title: Vestergaard Frandsen Passage: Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries. Founded as Vestergaard Frandsen in 1957 as a uniform maker, the company evolved into a social enterprise making products for humanitarian aid in the 1990s. It is now best known for inventing the LifeStraw water filter and the PermaNet mosquito net. Title: Switzerland Passage: In 1798, the revolutionary French government conquered Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution. This centralised the government of the country, effectively abolishing the cantons: moreover, Mülhausen joined France and Valtellina valley, the Cisalpine Republic, separating from Switzerland. The new regime, known as the Helvetic Republic, was highly unpopular. It had been imposed by a foreign invading army and destroyed centuries of tradition, making Switzerland nothing more than a French satellite state. The fierce French suppression of the Nidwalden Revolt in September 1798 was an example of the oppressive presence of the French Army and the local population's resistance to the occupation. Title: Capital punishment in the United States Passage: Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty; it was last used in 1957. Oregon abolished the death penalty through an overwhelming majority in a 1964 public referendum but reinstated it in a 1984 joint death penalty/life imprisonment referendum by an even higher margin after a similar 1978 referendum succeeded but was not implemented due to judicial rulings. Title: Beer Passage: The process of making beer is known as brewing. A dedicated building for the making of beer is called a brewery, though beer can be made in the home and has been for much of its history. A company that makes beer is called either a brewery or a brewing company. Beer made on a domestic scale for non-commercial reasons is classified as homebrewing regardless of where it is made, though most homebrewed beer is made in the home. Brewing beer is subject to legislation and taxation in developed countries, which from the late 19th century largely restricted brewing to a commercial operation only. However, the UK government relaxed legislation in 1963, followed by Australia in 1972 and the US in 1978, allowing homebrewing to become a popular hobby. Title: Lordship of Frisia Passage: When the Batavian Republic was created in 1795, the Lordship of Frisia was abolished as a relic of the Ancien Régime. Title: Tianjin Port (Group) Company Passage: Tianjin Port (Group) Company (TPG) is the main operator of the Port of Tianjin. It was established in 2004 by the incorporation of the Tianjin Port Authority, part of the process in China of making port authorities into autonomous corporations. It has been a top 500 company in China since 2004. Title: Kavangoland Passage: Kavangoland, like other homelands in South West Africa, was abolished in May 1989 at the start of the transition to independence. Title: East India Company Passage: The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the company's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control. Title: Hirox Passage: Hirox (ハイロックス) is a lens company in Tokyo, Japan that created the first digital microscope in 1985. This company is now known as Hirox Co Ltd. Hirox's main industry is digital microscopes, but still makes the lenses for a variety of items including rangefinders. Title: Pyrgiotissa Passage: Pyrgiotissa was a province of Heraklion Prefecture, Crete, Greece. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipal unit Tympaki. It was abolished in 2006. Title: British Aerospace Passage: The GEC merger to create a UK company compared to what would have been an Anglo-German firm, made the possibility of further penetration of the United States (US) defence market more likely. The company, initially called "New British Aerospace", was officially formed on 30 November 1999 and known as BAE Systems. Title: Slavery Abolition Act 1833 Passage: The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (3 & 4 Will. IV c. 73) was an 1833 Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom abolishing slavery throughout the British Empire (with the exceptions ``of the Territories in the Possession of the East India Company '', Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, and Saint Helena; the exceptions were eliminated in 1843). The Act was repealed in 1998 as part of a wider rationalisation of English statute law, but later anti-slavery legislation remains in force.	[ "British Aerospace", "Skyflash" ]
2hop__41158_35124	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fiela's Child is a South African drama written by Dalene Matthee and published in 1985. The book was originally written in Afrikaans under the name Fiela se Kind, and was later translated into English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Hebrew Icelandic and Sinhalese, among others.", "title": "Fiela's Child" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reginald DesRoches, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech, pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake. DesRoches said: \"If the buildings were older and built prior to that 1976 earthquake, chances are they weren't built for adequate earthquake forces.\"", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Experts point out that the earthquake hit an area that has been largely neglected and untouched by China's economic rise. Health care is poor in inland areas such as Sichuan, highlighting the widening gap between prosperous urban dwellers and struggling rural people. Vice Minister of Health Gao Qiang told reporters in Beijing that the \"public health care system in China is insufficient.\" The Vice Minister of Health also suggested that the government would pick up the costs of care to earthquake victims, many of whom have little or no insurance: \"The government should be responsible for providing medical treatment to them,\" he said.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "News reports indicate that the poorer, rural villages were hardest hit. Swaminathan Krishnan, assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology said: \"the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China. Presumably, many of the buildings were just built; they were not designed, so to speak.\" Swaminathan Krishnan further added: \"There are very strong building codes in China, which take care of earthquake issues and seismic design issues. But many of these buildings presumably were quite old and probably were not built with any regulations overseeing them.\"", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "I'm Dysfunctional, You're Dysfunctional: The Recovery Movement and Other Self-Help Fashions is a non-fiction book about the self-help industry, written by Wendy Kaminer. The book was first published in a hardcover format in 1992 by Addison-Wesley, and again in a paperback format in 1993, by Vintage Books.", "title": "I'm Dysfunctional, You're Dysfunctional" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Some modern scholars, such as Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia after the Muslim conquests had come to an end. Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni (973–1048 CE) was one of the earliest Persian geologists, whose works included the earliest writings on the geology of India, hypothesizing that the Indian subcontinent was once a sea. Drawing from Greek and Indian scientific literature that were not destroyed by the Muslim conquests, the Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 981–1037) proposed detailed explanations for the formation of mountains, the origin of earthquakes, and other topics central to modern geology, which provided an essential foundation for the later development of the science. In China, the polymath Shen Kuo (1031–1095) formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation: based on his observation of fossil animal shells in a geological stratum in a mountain hundreds of miles from the ocean, he inferred that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains and by deposition of silt.", "title": "Geology" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cecilia Helena Payne - Gaposchkin (May 10, 1900 -- December 7, 1979) was a British -- American astronomer and astrophysicist who, in 1925, proposed in her Ph. D. thesis an explanation for the composition of stars in terms of the relative abundances of hydrogen and helium.", "title": "Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.", "title": "Muslim world" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hollywood Babylon is a book by avant-garde filmmaker Kenneth Anger which details the sordid scandals of many famous and infamous Hollywood denizens from the 1900s to the 1950s. First published in the U.S. in 1965, it was banned ten days later and was not republished until 1975. Upon its second release, \"The New York Times\" said of it, \"If a book such as this can be said to have charm, it lies in the fact that here is a book without one single redeeming merit.\"", "title": "Hollywood Babylon" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "I Want a Dog is a children's book written and illustrated by Dayal Kaur Khalsa, originally published by Tundra Books and Clarkson N. Potter in 1987. The cover painting of the original book, which was also featured in the film version, is based on \"Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte\" by Georges Seurat. The book's main character was named after May Cutler, founder of its Canadian publisher, Tundra.", "title": "I Want a Dog" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Satan Bug is a first-person narrative thriller novel written by Scottish author Alistair MacLean. It was originally published in 1962 under the pseudonym Ian Stuart, and later republished under MacLean's own name.", "title": "The Satan Bug (novel)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bakke Mountain is a summit located in the town of Florida, Massachusetts. It was named for Master Sergeant Roald Bakke, who died in the collapse of Texas Tower 4. The mountain is the scene of wildlife and forest conservation efforts and serves as one of the primary sites of the Hoosac Wind Project. The Bakke Mountain Wind Farm is a proposed alternative energy wind plant located on the mountain.", "title": "Bakke Mountain" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life (also published as The California & Oregon Trail) is a book written by Francis Parkman. It was originally serialized in twenty-one installments in \"Knickerbocker's Magazine\" (1847–49) and subsequently published as a book in 1849. The book is a first-person account of a 2-month summer tour in 1846 of the U.S. states of Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, and Kansas. Parkman was 23 at the time. The heart of the book covers the three weeks Parkman spent hunting buffalo with a band of Oglala Sioux.", "title": "The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a result of the magnitude 7.9 earthquake and the many strong aftershocks, many rivers became blocked by large landslides, which resulted in the formation of \"quake lakes\" behind the blockages; these massive amounts of water were pooling up at a very high rate behind the natural landslide dams and it was feared that the blockages would eventually crumble under the weight of the ever-increasing water mass, potentially endangering the lives of millions of people living downstream. As of May 27, 2008, 34 lakes had formed due to earthquake debris blocking and damming rivers, and it was estimated that 28 of them were still of potential danger to the local people. Entire villages had to be evacuated because of the resultant flooding.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fixing Global Finance is a book written by \"Financial Times\" columnist Martin Wolf. It discusses the relationship between global imbalances and financial crises, and offers several personal proposals to restore economic balances.", "title": "Fixing Global Finance" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Queen Zixi of Ix, or The Story of the Magic Cloak, is a children's book written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by Frederick Richardson. It was originally serialized in the early 20th-century American children's magazine \"St. Nicholas\" from November 1904 to October 1905, and was published in book form later in 1905 by The Century Company. The events of the book alternate between Noland and Ix, two neighboring regions to the Land of Oz, and Baum himself commented this was the best book he had written. In a letter to his eldest son, Frank Joslyn Baum, he said it was \"nearer to the \"old-fashioned\" fairy tale than anything I have yet accomplished,\" and in many respects, it adheres more closely to the fairy tale structure than the Oz books.", "title": "Queen Zixi of Ix" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Procession of the Dead is a book written by Darren O'Shaughnessy (more commonly known by his pen-name Darren Shan) that was originally published in February 1999 in the UK under the name of Ayuamarca. It is the first book in The City Book Trilogy. It was re-released in March 2008 following Darren Shan's popularity under the new 'Procession' title.", "title": "Procession of the Dead (novel)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tikki Tikki Tembo is a 1968 picture book written by Arlene Mosel and illustrated by Blair Lent. The book tells the story of a Chinese boy with a long name who fell into a well. It is a sort of origin myth about why Chinese names are so short today. The book is controversial because it appears to retell a Japanese story and because it does not portray Chinese culture accurately.", "title": "Tikki Tikki Tembo" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malaysia-based Yazhou Zhoukan conducted an interview with former researcher at the China Seismological Bureau Geng Qingguo (耿庆国), in which Geng claimed that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau on April 30, 2008, warning about the possible occurrence of a significant earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture region of Sichuan around May 8, with a range of 10 days before or after the quake. Geng, while acknowledging that earthquake prediction was broadly considered problematic by the scientific community, believed that \"the bigger the earthquake, the easier it is to predict.\" Geng had long attempted to establish a correlation between the occurrence of droughts and earthquakes; Premier Zhou Enlai reportedly took an interest in Geng's work. Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory was first released in 1972, and said to have successfully predicted the 1975 Haicheng and 1976 Tangshan earthquakes. The same Yazhou Zhoukan article pointed out the inherent difficulties associated with predicting earthquakes. In response, an official with the Seismological Bureau stated that \"earthquake prediction is widely acknowledged around the world to be difficult from a scientific standpoint.\" The official also denied that the Seismological Bureau had received reports predicting the earthquake.", "title": "2008 Sichuan earthquake" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raoul Duke is the fictional character and antihero based on Hunter S. Thompson in his autobiographical novel \"Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas\". The book was originally written under the name Raoul Duke.", "title": "Raoul Duke" } ]	How many books were said to have been written by the person who proposed explanations for the origins of earthquakes and the formation of mountains?	450	[]	Title: I'm Dysfunctional, You're Dysfunctional Passage: I'm Dysfunctional, You're Dysfunctional: The Recovery Movement and Other Self-Help Fashions is a non-fiction book about the self-help industry, written by Wendy Kaminer. The book was first published in a hardcover format in 1992 by Addison-Wesley, and again in a paperback format in 1993, by Vintage Books. Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: Experts point out that the earthquake hit an area that has been largely neglected and untouched by China's economic rise. Health care is poor in inland areas such as Sichuan, highlighting the widening gap between prosperous urban dwellers and struggling rural people. Vice Minister of Health Gao Qiang told reporters in Beijing that the "public health care system in China is insufficient." The Vice Minister of Health also suggested that the government would pick up the costs of care to earthquake victims, many of whom have little or no insurance: "The government should be responsible for providing medical treatment to them," he said. Title: Hollywood Babylon Passage: Hollywood Babylon is a book by avant-garde filmmaker Kenneth Anger which details the sordid scandals of many famous and infamous Hollywood denizens from the 1900s to the 1950s. First published in the U.S. in 1965, it was banned ten days later and was not republished until 1975. Upon its second release, "The New York Times" said of it, "If a book such as this can be said to have charm, it lies in the fact that here is a book without one single redeeming merit." Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: Malaysia-based Yazhou Zhoukan conducted an interview with former researcher at the China Seismological Bureau Geng Qingguo (耿庆国), in which Geng claimed that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau on April 30, 2008, warning about the possible occurrence of a significant earthquake in Ngawa Prefecture region of Sichuan around May 8, with a range of 10 days before or after the quake. Geng, while acknowledging that earthquake prediction was broadly considered problematic by the scientific community, believed that "the bigger the earthquake, the easier it is to predict." Geng had long attempted to establish a correlation between the occurrence of droughts and earthquakes; Premier Zhou Enlai reportedly took an interest in Geng's work. Geng's drought-earthquake correlation theory was first released in 1972, and said to have successfully predicted the 1975 Haicheng and 1976 Tangshan earthquakes. The same Yazhou Zhoukan article pointed out the inherent difficulties associated with predicting earthquakes. In response, an official with the Seismological Bureau stated that "earthquake prediction is widely acknowledged around the world to be difficult from a scientific standpoint." The official also denied that the Seismological Bureau had received reports predicting the earthquake. Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: Reginald DesRoches, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Georgia Tech, pointed out that the massive damage of properties and houses in the earthquake area was because China did not create an adequate seismic design code until after the devastating 1976 Tangshan earthquake. DesRoches said: "If the buildings were older and built prior to that 1976 earthquake, chances are they weren't built for adequate earthquake forces." Title: The Satan Bug (novel) Passage: The Satan Bug is a first-person narrative thriller novel written by Scottish author Alistair MacLean. It was originally published in 1962 under the pseudonym Ian Stuart, and later republished under MacLean's own name. Title: Bakke Mountain Passage: Bakke Mountain is a summit located in the town of Florida, Massachusetts. It was named for Master Sergeant Roald Bakke, who died in the collapse of Texas Tower 4. The mountain is the scene of wildlife and forest conservation efforts and serves as one of the primary sites of the Hoosac Wind Project. The Bakke Mountain Wind Farm is a proposed alternative energy wind plant located on the mountain. Title: Fixing Global Finance Passage: Fixing Global Finance is a book written by "Financial Times" columnist Martin Wolf. It discusses the relationship between global imbalances and financial crises, and offers several personal proposals to restore economic balances. Title: Queen Zixi of Ix Passage: Queen Zixi of Ix, or The Story of the Magic Cloak, is a children's book written by L. Frank Baum and illustrated by Frederick Richardson. It was originally serialized in the early 20th-century American children's magazine "St. Nicholas" from November 1904 to October 1905, and was published in book form later in 1905 by The Century Company. The events of the book alternate between Noland and Ix, two neighboring regions to the Land of Oz, and Baum himself commented this was the best book he had written. In a letter to his eldest son, Frank Joslyn Baum, he said it was "nearer to the "old-fashioned" fairy tale than anything I have yet accomplished," and in many respects, it adheres more closely to the fairy tale structure than the Oz books. Title: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Passage: Cecilia Helena Payne - Gaposchkin (May 10, 1900 -- December 7, 1979) was a British -- American astronomer and astrophysicist who, in 1925, proposed in her Ph. D. thesis an explanation for the composition of stars in terms of the relative abundances of hydrogen and helium. Title: Muslim world Passage: One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia. Title: Tikki Tikki Tembo Passage: Tikki Tikki Tembo is a 1968 picture book written by Arlene Mosel and illustrated by Blair Lent. The book tells the story of a Chinese boy with a long name who fell into a well. It is a sort of origin myth about why Chinese names are so short today. The book is controversial because it appears to retell a Japanese story and because it does not portray Chinese culture accurately. Title: Fiela's Child Passage: Fiela's Child is a South African drama written by Dalene Matthee and published in 1985. The book was originally written in Afrikaans under the name Fiela se Kind, and was later translated into English, French, German, Spanish, Italian, Hebrew Icelandic and Sinhalese, among others. Title: Procession of the Dead (novel) Passage: Procession of the Dead is a book written by Darren O'Shaughnessy (more commonly known by his pen-name Darren Shan) that was originally published in February 1999 in the UK under the name of Ayuamarca. It is the first book in The City Book Trilogy. It was re-released in March 2008 following Darren Shan's popularity under the new 'Procession' title. Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: As a result of the magnitude 7.9 earthquake and the many strong aftershocks, many rivers became blocked by large landslides, which resulted in the formation of "quake lakes" behind the blockages; these massive amounts of water were pooling up at a very high rate behind the natural landslide dams and it was feared that the blockages would eventually crumble under the weight of the ever-increasing water mass, potentially endangering the lives of millions of people living downstream. As of May 27, 2008, 34 lakes had formed due to earthquake debris blocking and damming rivers, and it was estimated that 28 of them were still of potential danger to the local people. Entire villages had to be evacuated because of the resultant flooding. Title: Raoul Duke Passage: Raoul Duke is the fictional character and antihero based on Hunter S. Thompson in his autobiographical novel "Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas". The book was originally written under the name Raoul Duke. Title: 2008 Sichuan earthquake Passage: News reports indicate that the poorer, rural villages were hardest hit. Swaminathan Krishnan, assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology said: "the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China. Presumably, many of the buildings were just built; they were not designed, so to speak." Swaminathan Krishnan further added: "There are very strong building codes in China, which take care of earthquake issues and seismic design issues. But many of these buildings presumably were quite old and probably were not built with any regulations overseeing them." Title: Geology Passage: Some modern scholars, such as Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia after the Muslim conquests had come to an end. Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni (973–1048 CE) was one of the earliest Persian geologists, whose works included the earliest writings on the geology of India, hypothesizing that the Indian subcontinent was once a sea. Drawing from Greek and Indian scientific literature that were not destroyed by the Muslim conquests, the Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 981–1037) proposed detailed explanations for the formation of mountains, the origin of earthquakes, and other topics central to modern geology, which provided an essential foundation for the later development of the science. In China, the polymath Shen Kuo (1031–1095) formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation: based on his observation of fossil animal shells in a geological stratum in a mountain hundreds of miles from the ocean, he inferred that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains and by deposition of silt. Title: The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life Passage: The Oregon Trail: Sketches of Prairie and Rocky-Mountain Life (also published as The California & Oregon Trail) is a book written by Francis Parkman. It was originally serialized in twenty-one installments in "Knickerbocker's Magazine" (1847–49) and subsequently published as a book in 1849. The book is a first-person account of a 2-month summer tour in 1846 of the U.S. states of Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, and Kansas. Parkman was 23 at the time. The heart of the book covers the three weeks Parkman spent hunting buffalo with a band of Oglala Sioux. Title: I Want a Dog Passage: I Want a Dog is a children's book written and illustrated by Dayal Kaur Khalsa, originally published by Tundra Books and Clarkson N. Potter in 1987. The cover painting of the original book, which was also featured in the film version, is based on "Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte" by Georges Seurat. The book's main character was named after May Cutler, founder of its Canadian publisher, Tundra.	[ "Geology", "Muslim world" ]
2hop__136179_13529	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zona Universitària is a station in the Barcelona Metro and Trambaix networks, in the Les Corts district of Barcelona. It is currently the western terminus of metro line L3 and L9. Also it's served by tram lines T1, T2 and T3. It is named after the Universitat de Barcelona campus of the same name.", "title": "Zona Universitària station" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Drassanes is a Barcelona Metro station located underneath \"Portal de la Santa Madrona\", just off \"La Rambla\" in the Ciutat Vella district of Barcelona. It is named after the nearby \"Drassanes Reials de Barcelona\", the old shipyards that are now the home of the \"Museu Marítim de Barcelona\". It is the closest station to the Port of Barcelona and one of the network's closest stations to the sea, and is served by TMB-operated Barcelona Metro line L3.", "title": "Drassanes (Barcelona Metro)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1100 Bel Air Place is an album of love songs performed by Julio Iglesias, and released by Columbia Records in 1984. It was the first of Iglesias' albums to be performed largely in English, and it is generally considered his breakthrough album in English speaking markets.", "title": "1100 Bel Air Place" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Torre Mapfre is a skyscraper in the Port Olímpic (Olympic Port), the maritime neighborhood of the Old City of Barcelona in Spain. It is named after its owner, Mapfre, an insurance company.", "title": "Torre Mapfre" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In June 1982, Diego Maradona was signed for a world record fee of £5 million from Boca Juniors. In the following season, under coach Luis, Barcelona won the Copa del Rey, beating Real Madrid. However, Maradona's time with Barcelona was short-lived and he soon left for Napoli. At the start of the 1984–85 season, Terry Venables was hired as manager and he won La Liga with noteworthy displays by German midfielder Bernd Schuster. The next season, he took the team to their second European Cup final, only to lose on penalties to Steaua Bucureşti during a dramatic evening in Seville.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the group signed to Island Records, the label suggested they change their name from Legacy to Dru Hill after Druid Hill Park, a popular park on the west side of Baltimore, the name of which is pronounced \"Dru Hill\" in the local Baltimore accent. A dragon is used as a logo for the group.", "title": "Dru Hill" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After studying at the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University and a first short film titled \"A Name for Her Desire\", Jacob Berger filmed his first full-length motion picture, \"Angels\", in Barcelona, with Steve Weber, Belinda Becker, Féodor Atkine and Angela Molina. The film was presented for official competition at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1990.", "title": "Jacob Berger" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Josep Vicenç Foix i Mas (; 28 January 1893 in Barcelona – 29 January 1987) was a Catalan poet, writer, and essayist in Catalan. He usually signed his work by using the abbreviation J.V. Foix.", "title": "Josep Vicenç Foix" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Don't Turn Off the Lights\" is a pop song by Enrique Iglesias from his 2001 album, \"Escape\". The song was written by Iglesias, Kara DioGuardi, Steve Morales and Dave Siegel and was released as the third single from the album in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The song was produced by Steve Morales. Musician Aaron Fishbein created the main guitar riff and recorded all the guitar parts.", "title": "Don't Turn Off the Lights" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Iglesia Maradoniana (; literally \"Maradonian Church\") is a religion, created by fans of the retired Argentine football player Diego Maradona, whom they believe to be the best player of all time.", "title": "Iglesia Maradoniana" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Urgell is a Barcelona Metro station, named after the \"Carrer del Comte d'Urgell\", in the Eixample district of the city of Barcelona. The station is served by line L1.", "title": "Urgell (Barcelona Metro)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canyelles () is a Barcelona Metro station, named after the nearby Canyelles neighbourhood, in the Nou Barris district of the city of Barcelona. The station is served by line L3.", "title": "Canyelles (Barcelona Metro)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 4 January 2016, Barcelona's transfer ban ended. The same day, they registered 77 players across all categories and ages, and both last summer signings Arda Turan and Aleix Vidal became eligible to play with the first team. On 10 February, qualifying for the sixth Copa del Rey final in the last eight seasons, Luis Enrique’s Barcelona broke the club's record of 28 consecutive games unbeaten in all competitions set by Guardiola’s team in the 2010–11 season, with a 1–1 draw with Valencia in the second leg of the 2015–16 Copa del Rey.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the summer 2003 transfer window approached, Manchester United appeared keen to sell Beckham to Barcelona and the two clubs even announced that they reached a deal for Beckham's transfer, but instead he joined reigning Spanish champions Real Madrid for €37 million on a four-year contract. Beckham was the latest signing in the Galácticos era of global stars signed by club president Florentino Pérez every summer. The news came as a bitter blow to the newly elected Barcelona president Joan Laporta, who based much of his presidential campaign on signing Beckham. Though announced in mid-June, the transfer was completed on 1 July 2003, making him the third Englishman to play for the club, after Laurie Cunningham and Steve McManaman. Following a successful medical on 2 July, Beckham was unveiled in front of 500 accredited journalists from 25 countries at Real's basketball facility, where he was handed the famous white shirt by club legend Alfredo Di Stéfano. Although Beckham had worn the number seven shirt for Manchester United and England, he was unable to wear it at Madrid as it was assigned to club captain Raúl. He decided to wear number 23 instead, citing his admiration of basketball player Michael Jordan, who also wore the number 23 shirt, as the reason behind his decision.", "title": "David Beckham" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barcelona Full name Futbol Club Barcelona Nickname (s) Barça or Blaugrana (team) Culés or Barcelonistas (supporters) Blaugranes or Azulgranas (supporters) Short name FCB Founded 29 November 1899; 117 years ago (1899 - 11 - 29) as Foot - Ball Club Barcelona Ground Camp Nou Ground Capacity 99,354 President Josep Maria Bartomeu Coach Ernesto Valverde League La Liga 2016 -- 17 La Liga, 2nd Website Club website Home colours Away colours Third colours Current season", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Loco\" is the lead Spanish single and overall second single from Enrique Iglesias's album, \"Sex and Love\". The single features American singer Romeo Santos. This is Iglesias' second bachata song after \"Cuando Me Enamoro\". A banda version of the song was recorded which features Mexican singer Roberto Tapia. Another version of the song featuring Spanish singer India Martínez was released on iTunes on 17 December 2013. At the Latin Grammy Awards of 2014, the song received a nomination for Best Tropical Song.", "title": "Loco (Enrique Iglesias song)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Universitat is a Barcelona Metro station named after Plaça de la Universitat, split between Eixample and Ciutat Vella districts of Barcelona, where the station is located in. This square holds the historical building of Universitat de Barcelona, celebrated for its neo-gothic style. The station is accessible for disabled persons since 1995, when Barcelona Metro line 2 opened its platforms. It is served by TMB-operated Barcelona Metro lines L1 and L2.", "title": "Universitat (Barcelona Metro)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nikolsky's sign is a clinical dermatological sign, named after Pyotr Nikolsky (1858–1940), a Russian physician who trained and worked in the Russian Empire. The sign is present when slight rubbing of the skin results in exfoliation of the outermost layer. A typical example would be to place the eraser of a pencil on the roof of a lesion and spin the pencil in a rolling motion between the thumb and forefinger. If the lesion is opened (i.e., skin sloughed off), then the Nikolsky's sign is present/positive.", "title": "Nikolsky's sign" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Barcelona was signed on 19 January 1493 between France and the Crown of Aragon. Based on the terms of the agreement, France returned Roussillon and Cerdagne to the Crown of Aragon. In return, the Crown of Aragon vowed to maintain neutrality during any French invasions of Italy.", "title": "Treaty of Barcelona (1493)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Hero ''is a song by Spanish singer - songwriter Enrique Iglesias from his second English - language studio album Escape (2001). It was written by Iglesias, Paul Barry and Mark Taylor. Iglesias released the song to radio on August 13, 2001 to a positive critical and commercial reception. To the date the single has sold 8 million copies worldwide.", "title": "Hero (Enrique Iglesias song)" } ]	When was the player that Iglesia Maradoniana is named after signed by Barcelona?	June 1982	[]	Title: Torre Mapfre Passage: Torre Mapfre is a skyscraper in the Port Olímpic (Olympic Port), the maritime neighborhood of the Old City of Barcelona in Spain. It is named after its owner, Mapfre, an insurance company. Title: Zona Universitària station Passage: Zona Universitària is a station in the Barcelona Metro and Trambaix networks, in the Les Corts district of Barcelona. It is currently the western terminus of metro line L3 and L9. Also it's served by tram lines T1, T2 and T3. It is named after the Universitat de Barcelona campus of the same name. Title: Canyelles (Barcelona Metro) Passage: Canyelles () is a Barcelona Metro station, named after the nearby Canyelles neighbourhood, in the Nou Barris district of the city of Barcelona. The station is served by line L3. Title: FC Barcelona Passage: On 4 January 2016, Barcelona's transfer ban ended. The same day, they registered 77 players across all categories and ages, and both last summer signings Arda Turan and Aleix Vidal became eligible to play with the first team. On 10 February, qualifying for the sixth Copa del Rey final in the last eight seasons, Luis Enrique’s Barcelona broke the club's record of 28 consecutive games unbeaten in all competitions set by Guardiola’s team in the 2010–11 season, with a 1–1 draw with Valencia in the second leg of the 2015–16 Copa del Rey. Title: Josep Vicenç Foix Passage: Josep Vicenç Foix i Mas (; 28 January 1893 in Barcelona – 29 January 1987) was a Catalan poet, writer, and essayist in Catalan. He usually signed his work by using the abbreviation J.V. Foix. Title: Jacob Berger Passage: After studying at the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University and a first short film titled "A Name for Her Desire", Jacob Berger filmed his first full-length motion picture, "Angels", in Barcelona, with Steve Weber, Belinda Becker, Féodor Atkine and Angela Molina. The film was presented for official competition at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1990. Title: FC Barcelona Passage: In June 1982, Diego Maradona was signed for a world record fee of £5 million from Boca Juniors. In the following season, under coach Luis, Barcelona won the Copa del Rey, beating Real Madrid. However, Maradona's time with Barcelona was short-lived and he soon left for Napoli. At the start of the 1984–85 season, Terry Venables was hired as manager and he won La Liga with noteworthy displays by German midfielder Bernd Schuster. The next season, he took the team to their second European Cup final, only to lose on penalties to Steaua Bucureşti during a dramatic evening in Seville. Title: David Beckham Passage: As the summer 2003 transfer window approached, Manchester United appeared keen to sell Beckham to Barcelona and the two clubs even announced that they reached a deal for Beckham's transfer, but instead he joined reigning Spanish champions Real Madrid for €37 million on a four-year contract. Beckham was the latest signing in the Galácticos era of global stars signed by club president Florentino Pérez every summer. The news came as a bitter blow to the newly elected Barcelona president Joan Laporta, who based much of his presidential campaign on signing Beckham. Though announced in mid-June, the transfer was completed on 1 July 2003, making him the third Englishman to play for the club, after Laurie Cunningham and Steve McManaman. Following a successful medical on 2 July, Beckham was unveiled in front of 500 accredited journalists from 25 countries at Real's basketball facility, where he was handed the famous white shirt by club legend Alfredo Di Stéfano. Although Beckham had worn the number seven shirt for Manchester United and England, he was unable to wear it at Madrid as it was assigned to club captain Raúl. He decided to wear number 23 instead, citing his admiration of basketball player Michael Jordan, who also wore the number 23 shirt, as the reason behind his decision. Title: Hero (Enrique Iglesias song) Passage: ``Hero ''is a song by Spanish singer - songwriter Enrique Iglesias from his second English - language studio album Escape (2001). It was written by Iglesias, Paul Barry and Mark Taylor. Iglesias released the song to radio on August 13, 2001 to a positive critical and commercial reception. To the date the single has sold 8 million copies worldwide. Title: Loco (Enrique Iglesias song) Passage: "Loco" is the lead Spanish single and overall second single from Enrique Iglesias's album, "Sex and Love". The single features American singer Romeo Santos. This is Iglesias' second bachata song after "Cuando Me Enamoro". A banda version of the song was recorded which features Mexican singer Roberto Tapia. Another version of the song featuring Spanish singer India Martínez was released on iTunes on 17 December 2013. At the Latin Grammy Awards of 2014, the song received a nomination for Best Tropical Song. Title: Universitat (Barcelona Metro) Passage: Universitat is a Barcelona Metro station named after Plaça de la Universitat, split between Eixample and Ciutat Vella districts of Barcelona, where the station is located in. This square holds the historical building of Universitat de Barcelona, celebrated for its neo-gothic style. The station is accessible for disabled persons since 1995, when Barcelona Metro line 2 opened its platforms. It is served by TMB-operated Barcelona Metro lines L1 and L2. Title: Treaty of Barcelona (1493) Passage: The Treaty of Barcelona was signed on 19 January 1493 between France and the Crown of Aragon. Based on the terms of the agreement, France returned Roussillon and Cerdagne to the Crown of Aragon. In return, the Crown of Aragon vowed to maintain neutrality during any French invasions of Italy. Title: Nikolsky's sign Passage: Nikolsky's sign is a clinical dermatological sign, named after Pyotr Nikolsky (1858–1940), a Russian physician who trained and worked in the Russian Empire. The sign is present when slight rubbing of the skin results in exfoliation of the outermost layer. A typical example would be to place the eraser of a pencil on the roof of a lesion and spin the pencil in a rolling motion between the thumb and forefinger. If the lesion is opened (i.e., skin sloughed off), then the Nikolsky's sign is present/positive. Title: Don't Turn Off the Lights Passage: "Don't Turn Off the Lights" is a pop song by Enrique Iglesias from his 2001 album, "Escape". The song was written by Iglesias, Kara DioGuardi, Steve Morales and Dave Siegel and was released as the third single from the album in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The song was produced by Steve Morales. Musician Aaron Fishbein created the main guitar riff and recorded all the guitar parts. Title: Iglesia Maradoniana Passage: The Iglesia Maradoniana (; literally "Maradonian Church") is a religion, created by fans of the retired Argentine football player Diego Maradona, whom they believe to be the best player of all time. Title: Urgell (Barcelona Metro) Passage: Urgell is a Barcelona Metro station, named after the "Carrer del Comte d'Urgell", in the Eixample district of the city of Barcelona. The station is served by line L1. Title: 1100 Bel Air Place Passage: 1100 Bel Air Place is an album of love songs performed by Julio Iglesias, and released by Columbia Records in 1984. It was the first of Iglesias' albums to be performed largely in English, and it is generally considered his breakthrough album in English speaking markets. Title: Drassanes (Barcelona Metro) Passage: Drassanes is a Barcelona Metro station located underneath "Portal de la Santa Madrona", just off "La Rambla" in the Ciutat Vella district of Barcelona. It is named after the nearby "Drassanes Reials de Barcelona", the old shipyards that are now the home of the "Museu Marítim de Barcelona". It is the closest station to the Port of Barcelona and one of the network's closest stations to the sea, and is served by TMB-operated Barcelona Metro line L3. Title: Dru Hill Passage: After the group signed to Island Records, the label suggested they change their name from Legacy to Dru Hill after Druid Hill Park, a popular park on the west side of Baltimore, the name of which is pronounced "Dru Hill" in the local Baltimore accent. A dragon is used as a logo for the group. Title: FC Barcelona Passage: Barcelona Full name Futbol Club Barcelona Nickname (s) Barça or Blaugrana (team) Culés or Barcelonistas (supporters) Blaugranes or Azulgranas (supporters) Short name FCB Founded 29 November 1899; 117 years ago (1899 - 11 - 29) as Foot - Ball Club Barcelona Ground Camp Nou Ground Capacity 99,354 President Josep Maria Bartomeu Coach Ernesto Valverde League La Liga 2016 -- 17 La Liga, 2nd Website Club website Home colours Away colours Third colours Current season	[ "FC Barcelona", "Iglesia Maradoniana" ]
2hop__25797_25855	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March 2013, the Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell. In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business. Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal computers and competitive pressures, so the \"wide-open bidding war\" never materialized. Analysts said that the biggest challenge facing Silver Lake would be to find an “exit strategy” to profit from its investment, which would be when the company would hold an IPO to go public again, and one warned “But even if you can get a $25bn enterprise value for Dell, it will take years to get out.”", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Atari ST is a line of home computers from Atari Corporation and the successor to the Atari 8-bit family. The initial ST model, the 520ST, saw limited release in April–June 1985 and was widely available in July. The Atari ST is the first personal computer to come with a bitmapped color GUI, using a version of Digital Research's GEM released in February 1985. The 1040ST, released in 1986, is the first personal computer to ship with a megabyte of RAM in the base configuration and also the first with a cost-per-kilobyte of less than US$1.", "title": "Atari ST" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Electric Vehicle was an American automobile manufactured only in 1899. An electric cab, it was widely used in New York City; the company pioneered the use of pressed steel for wheels, and its cars featured front-wheel drive and brakes and rear wheel steering.", "title": "Electric Vehicle (1899 automobile)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989. Development of HTTP standards was coordinated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), culminating in the publication of a series of Requests for Comments (RFCs). The first definition of HTTP/1.1, the version of HTTP still in common use, occurred in RFC 2068 in 1997, although this was made obsolete by RFC 2616 in 1999 and then again by the RFC 7230 family of RFCs in 2014.", "title": "Hypertext Transfer Protocol" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s \"Low Speed\" and 12 Mbit/s \"Full Speed\". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/s data rate was intended for higher-speed devices such as disk drives, and the lower 1.5 Mbit/s rate for low data rate devices such as joysticks. Apple Inc.'s iMac was the first mainstream product with USB and the iMac's success popularized USB itself. Following Apple's design decision to remove all legacy ports from the iMac, many PC manufacturers began building legacy-free PCs, which led to the broader PC market using USB as a standard.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sleep-and-charge USB ports can be used to charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off. Normally, when a computer is powered off the USB ports are powered down, preventing phones and other devices from charging. Sleep-and-charge USB ports remain powered even when the computer is off. On laptops, charging devices from the USB port when it is not being powered from AC drains the laptop battery faster; most laptops have a facility to stop charging if their own battery charge level gets too low.", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Osborne 1 is considered the first true mobile computer by most historians. Adam Osborne founded Osborne Computer and formed the Osborne 1 in 1981. The Osborne 1 had a five - inch screen, incorporating a modem port, two 5 1 / 4 floppy drives, a big collection of bundled software applications, and a battery pack. The computer company was a failure and did not last for very long. Although it was large and heavy compared to today's laptops, with a tiny 5 ''CRT monitor, it had a near - revolutionary impact on business, as professionals were able to take their computer and data with them for the first time. This and other ``luggables'' were inspired by what was probably the first portable computer, the Xerox NoteTaker. The Osborne was about the size of a portable sewing machine, and could be carried on commercial aircraft. The Osborne 1 weighed close to 11 kg and was priced at $1795.", "title": "History of laptops" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the mid-1990s, Dell expanded beyond desktop computers and laptops by selling servers, starting with low-end servers. The major three providers of servers at the time were IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq, many of which were based on proprietary technology, such as IBM's Power4 microprocessors or various proprietary versions of the Unix operating system. Dell's new PowerEdge servers did not require a major investment in proprietary technologies, as they ran Microsoft Windows NT on Intel chips, and could be built cheaper than its competitors. Consequently, Dell's enterprise revenues, almost nonexistent in 1994, accounted for 13 percent of the company's total intake by 1998. Three years later, Dell passed Compaq as the top provider of Intel-based servers, with 31 percent of the market. Dell's first acquisition occurred in 1999 with the purchase of ConvergeNet Technologies for $332 million, after Dell had failed to develop an enterprise storage system in-house; ConvergeNet's elegant but complex technology did not fit in with Dell's commodity-producer business model, forcing Dell to write down the entire value of the acquisition.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely. In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drives, all of the required software may be stored in ROM. Software stored in ROM is often called firmware, because it is notionally more like hardware than software. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary.", "title": "Computer" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lenovo announced the Yoga 710 at the Mobile World Congress in 2016. The Yoga 710 comes in versions with 11 - inch and 14 - inch displays. The 11 - inch version uses Intel Core M low - power processors, weighing just 2.35 lbs and 0.58 inches thin, has 8 gigabytes of memory, and includes a solid - state drive with a capacity up to 256 gigabytes. The same processor is used in Apple's 12 - inch MacBook. The 14 - inch version uses standard Intel Core i5 and Core i7 processors and optional Nvidia GeForce 940M or 940MX graphics processors. Both versions use 1080p IPS screens.", "title": "Lenovo Yoga" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the advent of mass-produced binary components for computers, ternary computers have diminished in significance. However, Donald Knuth argues that they will be brought back into development in the future to take advantage of ternary logic's elegance and efficiency. One possible way this could happen is by combining an optical computer with the ternary logic system. A ternary computer using fiber optics could use dark as 0 and two orthogonal polarizations of light as 1 and −1. IBM also reports infrequently on ternary computing topics (in its papers), but it is not actively engaged in it.The Josephson junction has been proposed as a balanced ternary memory cell, using circulating superconducting currents, either clockwise, counterclockwise, or off. \"The advantages of the proposed memory circuit are capability of high speed computation, low power consumption and very simple construction with fewer elements due to the ternary operation.\"In 2009, a quantum computer was proposed which uses a quantum ternary state, a qutrit, rather than the typical qubit. When the number of basic states of quantum element is d, it is called qudit.", "title": "Ternary computer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first few episodes after the pilot (episodes two through eight) used a nonanimated, expository opening narrated by Paul Frees; the narration mentions that Nelson lived in ``a mythical town ''named Cocoa Beach in`` a mythical state called Florida''. The remaining episodes of that first season featured an animated sequence that was redone and expanded in season two, when the show switched from black and white to color. This new sequence, used from season 2 -- 5, featured Captain Nelson's space capsule splashing down on the beach, and Jeannie dancing out of her bottle (modified to reflect its new decoration) and then kissing Nelson. Both original versions of the show's animated opening sequence were done by famed animator Friz Freleng.", "title": "I Dream of Jeannie" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Home computers were a class of microcomputers that entered the market in 1977, that started with what Byte Magazine called the ``trinity of 1977 '', (the Apple II, the TRS - 80 Model I, and the Commodore PET) and which became common during the 1980s. They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user. These computers were a distinct market segment that typically cost much less than business, scientific or engineering - oriented computers of the time such as the IBM PC, and were generally less powerful in terms of memory and expandability. However, a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporary business computers. Their most common uses were playing video games, but they were also regularly used for word processing, doing homework, and programming.", "title": "Home computer" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On Dell and Toshiba laptops, the port is marked with the standard USB symbol with an added lightning bolt icon on the right side. Dell calls this feature PowerShare, while Toshiba calls it USB Sleep-and-Charge. On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is simply called Power-off USB. On some laptops such as Dell and Apple MacBook models, it is possible to plug a device in, close the laptop (putting it into sleep mode) and have the device continue to charge.[citation needed]", "title": "USB" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Do n't Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus! is a children's picture book by Mo Willems. Released by Disney - Hyperion in 2003, it was Willems' first book for children, and received the Caldecott Honor. The plot is about a bus driver who has to leave so he asks the reader to not allow the pigeon to drive the bus. The pigeon tries many excuses and tries to finagle readers into letting it drive the bus. An animated adaptation of the book won the 2010 Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Children's Video.", "title": "Don't Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus!" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam R. Dell (born January 14, 1970) is an American venture capitalist and is the brother of Michael Dell, the founder of computer manufacturing company Dell Inc.", "title": "Adam Dell" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell Inspiron Dell Inspiron Logo Developer Dell Technologies Type Laptop / Notebook Desktop Computer Release date Mid 1990s CPU AMD APU, Intel Atom, Intel Celeron, Intel Pentium, Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7 Graphics Intel HD Graphics, ATI / AMD Radeon, NVIDIA GeForce Related articles Dell Vostro, Dell Latitude, Dell XPS Website Dell Inspiron", "title": "Dell Inspiron" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting \"got in the way,\" aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional \"bloatware\" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the \"Dell Hell\" prominent on Internet search engines.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell traces its origins to 1984, when Michael Dell created Dell Computer Corporation, which at the time did business as PC's Limited, while a student of the University of Texas at Austin. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Dell dropped out of school to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family. In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. PC's Limited advertised its systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of operation.", "title": "Dell" } ]	What does Dell call the feature that enables drives using the feature where 1.1 was the first widely used version, to remain powered when a computer is off?	PowerShare	[]	Title: Lenovo Yoga Passage: Lenovo announced the Yoga 710 at the Mobile World Congress in 2016. The Yoga 710 comes in versions with 11 - inch and 14 - inch displays. The 11 - inch version uses Intel Core M low - power processors, weighing just 2.35 lbs and 0.58 inches thin, has 8 gigabytes of memory, and includes a solid - state drive with a capacity up to 256 gigabytes. The same processor is used in Apple's 12 - inch MacBook. The 14 - inch version uses standard Intel Core i5 and Core i7 processors and optional Nvidia GeForce 940M or 940MX graphics processors. Both versions use 1080p IPS screens. Title: Atari ST Passage: The Atari ST is a line of home computers from Atari Corporation and the successor to the Atari 8-bit family. The initial ST model, the 520ST, saw limited release in April–June 1985 and was widely available in July. The Atari ST is the first personal computer to come with a bitmapped color GUI, using a version of Digital Research's GEM released in February 1985. The 1040ST, released in 1986, is the first personal computer to ship with a megabyte of RAM in the base configuration and also the first with a cost-per-kilobyte of less than US$1. Title: Adam Dell Passage: Adam R. Dell (born January 14, 1970) is an American venture capitalist and is the brother of Michael Dell, the founder of computer manufacturing company Dell Inc. Title: Dell Passage: In March 2013, the Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell. In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business. Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal computers and competitive pressures, so the "wide-open bidding war" never materialized. Analysts said that the biggest challenge facing Silver Lake would be to find an “exit strategy” to profit from its investment, which would be when the company would hold an IPO to go public again, and one warned “But even if you can get a $25bn enterprise value for Dell, it will take years to get out.” Title: Home computer Passage: Home computers were a class of microcomputers that entered the market in 1977, that started with what Byte Magazine called the ``trinity of 1977 '', (the Apple II, the TRS - 80 Model I, and the Commodore PET) and which became common during the 1980s. They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user. These computers were a distinct market segment that typically cost much less than business, scientific or engineering - oriented computers of the time such as the IBM PC, and were generally less powerful in terms of memory and expandability. However, a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporary business computers. Their most common uses were playing video games, but they were also regularly used for word processing, doing homework, and programming. Title: Electric Vehicle (1899 automobile) Passage: The Electric Vehicle was an American automobile manufactured only in 1899. An electric cab, it was widely used in New York City; the company pioneered the use of pressed steel for wheels, and its cars featured front-wheel drive and brakes and rear wheel steering. Title: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Passage: Development of HTTP was initiated by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989. Development of HTTP standards was coordinated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), culminating in the publication of a series of Requests for Comments (RFCs). The first definition of HTTP/1.1, the version of HTTP still in common use, occurred in RFC 2068 in 1997, although this was made obsolete by RFC 2616 in 1999 and then again by the RFC 7230 family of RFCs in 2014. Title: Dell Passage: Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same lineup sold for hundreds. Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this, and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines. Title: Ternary computer Passage: With the advent of mass-produced binary components for computers, ternary computers have diminished in significance. However, Donald Knuth argues that they will be brought back into development in the future to take advantage of ternary logic's elegance and efficiency. One possible way this could happen is by combining an optical computer with the ternary logic system. A ternary computer using fiber optics could use dark as 0 and two orthogonal polarizations of light as 1 and −1. IBM also reports infrequently on ternary computing topics (in its papers), but it is not actively engaged in it.The Josephson junction has been proposed as a balanced ternary memory cell, using circulating superconducting currents, either clockwise, counterclockwise, or off. "The advantages of the proposed memory circuit are capability of high speed computation, low power consumption and very simple construction with fewer elements due to the ternary operation."In 2009, a quantum computer was proposed which uses a quantum ternary state, a qutrit, rather than the typical qubit. When the number of basic states of quantum element is d, it is called qudit. Title: Computer Passage: RAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to the computer is turned off, but ROM retains its data indefinitely. In a PC, the ROM contains a specialized program called the BIOS that orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. In embedded computers, which frequently do not have disk drives, all of the required software may be stored in ROM. Software stored in ROM is often called firmware, because it is notionally more like hardware than software. Flash memory blurs the distinction between ROM and RAM, as it retains its data when turned off but is also rewritable. It is typically much slower than conventional ROM and RAM however, so its use is restricted to applications where high speed is unnecessary. Title: USB Passage: On Dell and Toshiba laptops, the port is marked with the standard USB symbol with an added lightning bolt icon on the right side. Dell calls this feature PowerShare, while Toshiba calls it USB Sleep-and-Charge. On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is simply called Power-off USB. On some laptops such as Dell and Apple MacBook models, it is possible to plug a device in, close the laptop (putting it into sleep mode) and have the device continue to charge.[citation needed] Title: Dell Inspiron Passage: Dell Inspiron Dell Inspiron Logo Developer Dell Technologies Type Laptop / Notebook Desktop Computer Release date Mid 1990s CPU AMD APU, Intel Atom, Intel Celeron, Intel Pentium, Intel Core i3, Intel Core i5, Intel Core i7 Graphics Intel HD Graphics, ATI / AMD Radeon, NVIDIA GeForce Related articles Dell Vostro, Dell Latitude, Dell XPS Website Dell Inspiron Title: USB Passage: The original USB 1.0 specification, which was introduced in January 1996, defined data transfer rates of 1.5 Mbit/s "Low Speed" and 12 Mbit/s "Full Speed". Microsoft Windows 95, OSR 2.1 provided OEM support for the devices. The first widely used version of USB was 1.1, which was released in September 1998. The 12 Mbit/s data rate was intended for higher-speed devices such as disk drives, and the lower 1.5 Mbit/s rate for low data rate devices such as joysticks. Apple Inc.'s iMac was the first mainstream product with USB and the iMac's success popularized USB itself. Following Apple's design decision to remove all legacy ports from the iMac, many PC manufacturers began building legacy-free PCs, which led to the broader PC market using USB as a standard. Title: I Dream of Jeannie Passage: The first few episodes after the pilot (episodes two through eight) used a nonanimated, expository opening narrated by Paul Frees; the narration mentions that Nelson lived in ``a mythical town ''named Cocoa Beach in`` a mythical state called Florida''. The remaining episodes of that first season featured an animated sequence that was redone and expanded in season two, when the show switched from black and white to color. This new sequence, used from season 2 -- 5, featured Captain Nelson's space capsule splashing down on the beach, and Jeannie dancing out of her bottle (modified to reflect its new decoration) and then kissing Nelson. Both original versions of the show's animated opening sequence were done by famed animator Friz Freleng. Title: Don't Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus! Passage: Do n't Let the Pigeon Drive the Bus! is a children's picture book by Mo Willems. Released by Disney - Hyperion in 2003, it was Willems' first book for children, and received the Caldecott Honor. The plot is about a bus driver who has to leave so he asks the reader to not allow the pigeon to drive the bus. The pigeon tries many excuses and tries to finagle readers into letting it drive the bus. An animated adaptation of the book won the 2010 Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Children's Video. Title: USB Passage: Sleep-and-charge USB ports can be used to charge electronic devices even when the computer is switched off. Normally, when a computer is powered off the USB ports are powered down, preventing phones and other devices from charging. Sleep-and-charge USB ports remain powered even when the computer is off. On laptops, charging devices from the USB port when it is not being powered from AC drains the laptop battery faster; most laptops have a facility to stop charging if their own battery charge level gets too low. Title: Dell Passage: Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009. Title: History of laptops Passage: The Osborne 1 is considered the first true mobile computer by most historians. Adam Osborne founded Osborne Computer and formed the Osborne 1 in 1981. The Osborne 1 had a five - inch screen, incorporating a modem port, two 5 1 / 4 floppy drives, a big collection of bundled software applications, and a battery pack. The computer company was a failure and did not last for very long. Although it was large and heavy compared to today's laptops, with a tiny 5 ''CRT monitor, it had a near - revolutionary impact on business, as professionals were able to take their computer and data with them for the first time. This and other ``luggables'' were inspired by what was probably the first portable computer, the Xerox NoteTaker. The Osborne was about the size of a portable sewing machine, and could be carried on commercial aircraft. The Osborne 1 weighed close to 11 kg and was priced at $1795. Title: Dell Passage: Dell traces its origins to 1984, when Michael Dell created Dell Computer Corporation, which at the time did business as PC's Limited, while a student of the University of Texas at Austin. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Dell dropped out of school to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family. In 1985, the company produced the first computer of its own design, the Turbo PC, which sold for $795. PC's Limited advertised its systems in national computer magazines for sale directly to consumers and custom assembled each ordered unit according to a selection of options. The company grossed more than $73 million in its first year of operation. Title: Dell Passage: In the mid-1990s, Dell expanded beyond desktop computers and laptops by selling servers, starting with low-end servers. The major three providers of servers at the time were IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq, many of which were based on proprietary technology, such as IBM's Power4 microprocessors or various proprietary versions of the Unix operating system. Dell's new PowerEdge servers did not require a major investment in proprietary technologies, as they ran Microsoft Windows NT on Intel chips, and could be built cheaper than its competitors. Consequently, Dell's enterprise revenues, almost nonexistent in 1994, accounted for 13 percent of the company's total intake by 1998. Three years later, Dell passed Compaq as the top provider of Intel-based servers, with 31 percent of the market. Dell's first acquisition occurred in 1999 with the purchase of ConvergeNet Technologies for $332 million, after Dell had failed to develop an enterprise storage system in-house; ConvergeNet's elegant but complex technology did not fit in with Dell's commodity-producer business model, forcing Dell to write down the entire value of the acquisition.	[ "USB", "USB" ]
2hop__697790_864352	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Fletcher Webster, commonly known as Fletcher Webster (July 25, 1813 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire – August 30, 1862) was the son of renowned politician Daniel Webster and Grace Fletcher Webster. He was educated at Harvard College. During his father's first term as Secretary of State, Fletcher served as Chief Clerk of the United States State Department which, at the time, was the second most powerful office in the State Department. As Chief Clerk, he delivered the news of President William Henry Harrison's death to the new President, John Tyler.", "title": "Fletcher Webster" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The river rises below the Caroline Range near Mount Lacy and then flows south to the west of Mount Elizabeth then through the Barnett River gorge crossing the Gibb River Road near the Mount Barnett roadhouse before flowing into the Hann River in the Philip Range near Mount Caroline.", "title": "Barnett River" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FBI Story is a 1959 American drama film starring James Stewart, and produced and directed by Mervyn LeRoy. The screenplay by Richard L. Breen and John Twist is based on a book by Don Whitehead.", "title": "The FBI Story" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel Bremer Juell was born in Siljord in 1808 to district stipendiary magistrate (\"sorenskriver\") Ole Juell and his wife Caroline Kathrine née Bremer. He married Caroline Boeck, daughter of captain Cæsar Boeck. They had three children.", "title": "Daniel Bremer Juell" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a 2007 interview, Diamond stated the inspiration for his song was John F. Kennedy's daughter, Caroline, who was eleven years old at the time it was released. Diamond sang the song to her at her 50th birthday celebration in 2007. On December 21, 2011, in an interview on CBS's The Early Show, Diamond said that a magazine cover photo of Caroline Kennedy as a young child on a horse with her parents in the background created an image in his mind, and the rest of the song came together about five years after seeing the picture. However, in 2014 Diamond said the song was about his then - wife Marcia, but he needed a three - syllable name to fit the melody.", "title": "Sweet Caroline" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margareta von Ascheberg was the youngest child of Field Marshal Rutger von Ascheberg and Magdalena Eleonora Busseck. On 26 January 1691, she married colonel count Kjell Christopher Barnekow (d. 1700) in Malmö. As was the custom of the Swedish nobility as that time, she kept her name after marriage and style herself »Grevinnan Ascheberg» (Countess Ascheberg). The couple had four children. She accompanied her spouse on his military commissions: she gave birth to their youngest sons during the Bombardment of Brussels in 1695.", "title": "Margareta von Ascheberg" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leroy M. Zimmerman (December 27, 1932 – December 6, 2002), was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.", "title": "Leroy M. Zimmerman" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George II Portrait by Thomas Hudson, 1744 King of Great Britain and Ireland Elector of Hanover (more...) Reign 11 / 22 June 1727 -- 25 October 1760 Coronation 11 / 22 October 1727 Predecessor George I Successor George III Prime Ministers See list (show) Robert Walpole Lord Wilmington Henry Pelham The Duke of Newcastle The Duke of Devonshire 30 October / 9 November 1683 Herrenhausen Palace, or Leine Palace, Hanover 25 October 1760 (1760 - 10 - 25) (aged 76) Kensington Palace, London Burial 11 November 1760 Westminster Abbey, London Spouse Caroline of Ansbach (m. 1705; d. 1737) Issue Detail Frederick, Prince of Wales Anne, Princess of Orange Princess Amelia Princess Caroline Prince George William William, Duke of Cumberland Mary, Landgravine of Hesse - Kassel Louisa, Queen of Denmark and Norway Full name George Augustus German: Georg August House Hanover Father George I of Great Britain Mother Sophia Dorothea of Celle Religion Protestant Signature", "title": "George II of Great Britain" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Histoires Naturelles is Nolwenn Leroy's second album. It was released on 5 December 2005 in France. Most of the songs were written by the French singer Laurent Voulzy and Nolwenn Leroy herself. The title track was written in English by Yasmin Shah and Arnaud Rosenthal, and \"Mélusine\" by Yasmin Shah. \"London Fantasy\" was co-written by members of English down-tempo band Sundae Club. Leroy adapted all the English-language lyrics into French.", "title": "Histoires Naturelles (album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leroy Township is a civil township of Ingham County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,653 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Leroy Township, Ingham County, Michigan" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Caroline LeRoy Webster (September 28, 1797 in New York City – February 26, 1882) was the second wife of 19th Century statesman Daniel Webster. Her father was Herman LeRoy, who was once head of the commercial house of Leroy, Bayard, McKiven & Co., a large trading company that operated in different parts of the world. Her father was also the first Holland Consul to the United States. Caroline's mother was Hannah Cornell, daughter of the last Royal Attorney General of the State of North Carolina. Caroline was a descendant of Thomas Cornell.", "title": "Caroline LeRoy" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lee Evans, also known as LeRoi Evans and LeRoy Evans, is an American record producer, recording engineer, songwriter, musician, entrepreneur, businessman and the CEO and co-owner of JAMBOX Entertainment. He currently resides in midtown Manhattan, New York.", "title": "Lee Evans (producer)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leroy A. Mendonca was a soldier in the United States Army during the Korean War. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions on July 4, 1951.", "title": "Leroy A. Mendonca" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marshall Eriksen How I Met Your Mother character Jason Segel in 2011 First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Jason Segel Information Gender Male Occupation Lawyer (2005 -- 2018), Judge (2018 --) Family Marvin Eriksen (father, deceased) Judy Eriksen (mother) Spouse (s) Lily Aldrin (2007 -- present) Children Marvin Waitforit Eriksen Daisy Eriksen Unnamed Third Child Nationality American", "title": "Marshall Eriksen" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pierre Paul Leroy-Beaulieu (9 December 1843 in Saumur – 9 December 1916 in Paris) was a French economist, brother of Henri Jean Baptiste Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, born at Saumur, Maine-et-Loire on 9 December 1843, and educated in Paris at the Lycée Bonaparte and the École de Droit. He afterwards studied at Bonn and Berlin, and on his return to Paris began to write for \"Le Temps\", \"Revue nationale\" and \"Revue contemporaine\".", "title": "Pierre Paul Leroy-Beaulieu" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In early March of 1964, Dr. David Henry is forced to deliver his wife Norah's twins with the help of a nurse, Caroline Gill. Their first child, a boy they name Paul, is born a healthy perfect child, but when the second baby is born, Phoebe, David notices she has Down syndrome. David, recalling the possibility of a heart defect and early death (which his younger sister June had had; dying at the young age of twelve) and decides that the baby girl will be placed in an institution.", "title": "The Memory Keeper's Daughter" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Princess Stéphanie of Monaco, Countess of Polignac (Stéphanie Marie Elisabeth Grimaldi; born 1 February 1965) is the youngest child of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and the American actress Grace Kelly. She is the younger sister of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Caroline, Princess of Hanover. Currently 14th in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne, she has been a singer, swimwear designer and fashion model.", "title": "Princess Stéphanie of Monaco" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elmer, the Great is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy, starring Joe E. Brown and Patricia Ellis.", "title": "Elmer, the Great" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leroy (/ ləˈrɔɪ / lə - ROY), also Leeroy, LeeRoy, Lee Roy, LeRoy or Le Roy, is both a male given name in English - speaking countries and a family name of French origin. Leroy (lørwa) is one of the most common surnames in northern France. As a surname it is sometimes written Le Roy, as a translation of Breton Ar Roue. It is an archaic spelling of le roi, meaning ``the king ''and is the equivalent of the English surname King.", "title": "Leroy (name)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Choptank River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay and the largest river on the Delmarva Peninsula. Running for , it rises in Kent County, Delaware, runs through Caroline County, Maryland and forms much of the border between Talbot County, Maryland on the north, and Caroline County and Dorchester County on the east and south. It is located north of the Nanticoke River and its mouth is located south of Eastern Bay. Cambridge, the county seat of Dorchester County, and Denton, the county seat of Caroline County, are located on its south shore.", "title": "Choptank River" } ]	Who is the child of Caroline LeRoy's spouse?	Fletcher Webster	[]	Title: Daniel Bremer Juell Passage: Daniel Bremer Juell was born in Siljord in 1808 to district stipendiary magistrate ("sorenskriver") Ole Juell and his wife Caroline Kathrine née Bremer. He married Caroline Boeck, daughter of captain Cæsar Boeck. They had three children. Title: Choptank River Passage: The Choptank River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay and the largest river on the Delmarva Peninsula. Running for , it rises in Kent County, Delaware, runs through Caroline County, Maryland and forms much of the border between Talbot County, Maryland on the north, and Caroline County and Dorchester County on the east and south. It is located north of the Nanticoke River and its mouth is located south of Eastern Bay. Cambridge, the county seat of Dorchester County, and Denton, the county seat of Caroline County, are located on its south shore. Title: Leroy M. Zimmerman Passage: Leroy M. Zimmerman (December 27, 1932 – December 6, 2002), was a Republican member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Title: Pierre Paul Leroy-Beaulieu Passage: Pierre Paul Leroy-Beaulieu (9 December 1843 in Saumur – 9 December 1916 in Paris) was a French economist, brother of Henri Jean Baptiste Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, born at Saumur, Maine-et-Loire on 9 December 1843, and educated in Paris at the Lycée Bonaparte and the École de Droit. He afterwards studied at Bonn and Berlin, and on his return to Paris began to write for "Le Temps", "Revue nationale" and "Revue contemporaine". Title: George II of Great Britain Passage: George II Portrait by Thomas Hudson, 1744 King of Great Britain and Ireland Elector of Hanover (more...) Reign 11 / 22 June 1727 -- 25 October 1760 Coronation 11 / 22 October 1727 Predecessor George I Successor George III Prime Ministers See list (show) Robert Walpole Lord Wilmington Henry Pelham The Duke of Newcastle The Duke of Devonshire 30 October / 9 November 1683 Herrenhausen Palace, or Leine Palace, Hanover 25 October 1760 (1760 - 10 - 25) (aged 76) Kensington Palace, London Burial 11 November 1760 Westminster Abbey, London Spouse Caroline of Ansbach (m. 1705; d. 1737) Issue Detail Frederick, Prince of Wales Anne, Princess of Orange Princess Amelia Princess Caroline Prince George William William, Duke of Cumberland Mary, Landgravine of Hesse - Kassel Louisa, Queen of Denmark and Norway Full name George Augustus German: Georg August House Hanover Father George I of Great Britain Mother Sophia Dorothea of Celle Religion Protestant Signature Title: Lee Evans (producer) Passage: Lee Evans, also known as LeRoi Evans and LeRoy Evans, is an American record producer, recording engineer, songwriter, musician, entrepreneur, businessman and the CEO and co-owner of JAMBOX Entertainment. He currently resides in midtown Manhattan, New York. Title: Leroy Township, Ingham County, Michigan Passage: Leroy Township is a civil township of Ingham County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,653 at the 2000 census. Title: Elmer, the Great Passage: Elmer, the Great is a 1933 American pre-Code comedy film directed by Mervyn LeRoy, starring Joe E. Brown and Patricia Ellis. Title: Sweet Caroline Passage: In a 2007 interview, Diamond stated the inspiration for his song was John F. Kennedy's daughter, Caroline, who was eleven years old at the time it was released. Diamond sang the song to her at her 50th birthday celebration in 2007. On December 21, 2011, in an interview on CBS's The Early Show, Diamond said that a magazine cover photo of Caroline Kennedy as a young child on a horse with her parents in the background created an image in his mind, and the rest of the song came together about five years after seeing the picture. However, in 2014 Diamond said the song was about his then - wife Marcia, but he needed a three - syllable name to fit the melody. Title: Barnett River Passage: The river rises below the Caroline Range near Mount Lacy and then flows south to the west of Mount Elizabeth then through the Barnett River gorge crossing the Gibb River Road near the Mount Barnett roadhouse before flowing into the Hann River in the Philip Range near Mount Caroline. Title: Leroy A. Mendonca Passage: Leroy A. Mendonca was a soldier in the United States Army during the Korean War. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor for his actions on July 4, 1951. Title: The Memory Keeper's Daughter Passage: In early March of 1964, Dr. David Henry is forced to deliver his wife Norah's twins with the help of a nurse, Caroline Gill. Their first child, a boy they name Paul, is born a healthy perfect child, but when the second baby is born, Phoebe, David notices she has Down syndrome. David, recalling the possibility of a heart defect and early death (which his younger sister June had had; dying at the young age of twelve) and decides that the baby girl will be placed in an institution. Title: Leroy (name) Passage: Leroy (/ ləˈrɔɪ / lə - ROY), also Leeroy, LeeRoy, Lee Roy, LeRoy or Le Roy, is both a male given name in English - speaking countries and a family name of French origin. Leroy (lørwa) is one of the most common surnames in northern France. As a surname it is sometimes written Le Roy, as a translation of Breton Ar Roue. It is an archaic spelling of le roi, meaning ``the king ''and is the equivalent of the English surname King. Title: Princess Stéphanie of Monaco Passage: Princess Stéphanie of Monaco, Countess of Polignac (Stéphanie Marie Elisabeth Grimaldi; born 1 February 1965) is the youngest child of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and the American actress Grace Kelly. She is the younger sister of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Caroline, Princess of Hanover. Currently 14th in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne, she has been a singer, swimwear designer and fashion model. Title: Margareta von Ascheberg Passage: Margareta von Ascheberg was the youngest child of Field Marshal Rutger von Ascheberg and Magdalena Eleonora Busseck. On 26 January 1691, she married colonel count Kjell Christopher Barnekow (d. 1700) in Malmö. As was the custom of the Swedish nobility as that time, she kept her name after marriage and style herself »Grevinnan Ascheberg» (Countess Ascheberg). The couple had four children. She accompanied her spouse on his military commissions: she gave birth to their youngest sons during the Bombardment of Brussels in 1695. Title: Fletcher Webster Passage: Daniel Fletcher Webster, commonly known as Fletcher Webster (July 25, 1813 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire – August 30, 1862) was the son of renowned politician Daniel Webster and Grace Fletcher Webster. He was educated at Harvard College. During his father's first term as Secretary of State, Fletcher served as Chief Clerk of the United States State Department which, at the time, was the second most powerful office in the State Department. As Chief Clerk, he delivered the news of President William Henry Harrison's death to the new President, John Tyler. Title: The FBI Story Passage: The FBI Story is a 1959 American drama film starring James Stewart, and produced and directed by Mervyn LeRoy. The screenplay by Richard L. Breen and John Twist is based on a book by Don Whitehead. Title: Marshall Eriksen Passage: Marshall Eriksen How I Met Your Mother character Jason Segel in 2011 First appearance ``Pilot ''Last appearance`` Last Forever'' Created by Carter Bays Craig Thomas Portrayed by Jason Segel Information Gender Male Occupation Lawyer (2005 -- 2018), Judge (2018 --) Family Marvin Eriksen (father, deceased) Judy Eriksen (mother) Spouse (s) Lily Aldrin (2007 -- present) Children Marvin Waitforit Eriksen Daisy Eriksen Unnamed Third Child Nationality American Title: Histoires Naturelles (album) Passage: Histoires Naturelles is Nolwenn Leroy's second album. It was released on 5 December 2005 in France. Most of the songs were written by the French singer Laurent Voulzy and Nolwenn Leroy herself. The title track was written in English by Yasmin Shah and Arnaud Rosenthal, and "Mélusine" by Yasmin Shah. "London Fantasy" was co-written by members of English down-tempo band Sundae Club. Leroy adapted all the English-language lyrics into French. Title: Caroline LeRoy Passage: Caroline LeRoy Webster (September 28, 1797 in New York City – February 26, 1882) was the second wife of 19th Century statesman Daniel Webster. Her father was Herman LeRoy, who was once head of the commercial house of Leroy, Bayard, McKiven & Co., a large trading company that operated in different parts of the world. Her father was also the first Holland Consul to the United States. Caroline's mother was Hannah Cornell, daughter of the last Royal Attorney General of the State of North Carolina. Caroline was a descendant of Thomas Cornell.	[ "Fletcher Webster", "Caroline LeRoy" ]
2hop__689472_52835	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Goodies are a trio of British comedians: Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden, and Bill Oddie. They wrote for and performed in their eponymous television comedy show during the 1970s and early 1980s, combining sketches and situation comedy.", "title": "The Goodies" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Separate Lies is a 2005 British drama film directed by Julian Fellowes, who also wrote the screenplay, updating the 1951 novel \"A Way Through the Wood\" by Nigel Balchin, which had already been turned into a stage play under the title \"Waiting for Gillian\" in 1957. The film stars Tom Wilkinson, Emily Watson and Rupert Everett. \"Separate Lies\" marked the directorial debut of Julian Fellowes, who had worked mostly as an actor and won an Academy Award with his screenplay for Robert Altman's \"Gosford Park\".", "title": "Separate Lies" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``My Way ''is a song popularized in 1969 by Frank Sinatra. Its lyrics were written by Paul Anka and set to the music of the French song`` Comme d'habitude'' co-composed and co-written (with Jacques Revaux), and performed in 1967 by Claude François. Anka's English lyrics are unrelated to the original French song. The song was a success for a variety of performers including Sinatra, Elvis Presley, and Sid Vicious. Sinatra's version of ``My Way ''spent 75 weeks in the UK Top 40, a record which still stands.", "title": "My Way" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Way Out Here\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Josh Thompson. It was released in March 2010 as the second single and title track from his debut album of the same name. Thompson co-wrote the song with David Lee Murphy and Casey Beathard.", "title": "Way Out Here (song)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kingpin is a 2000 blues album by Tinsley Ellis. It was recorded at Ocean Way by David Z (also the producer) who also mixed at Javelina Recording Studio (both in Nashville, Tennessee) for Supersonic Productions. It was mastered by George Marino at Sterling Sound New York. Tinsley wrote/co-wrote three of the songs.", "title": "Kingpin (Tinsley Ellis album)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Book of Ways is a double album of improvised music written by and performed by Keith Jarrett on clavichord which was released on the ECM label in 1987.", "title": "Book of Ways" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Followin' a Feelin' is the third studio album by Australian country music artist Sherrié Austin. It was released in 2001 by WE Records and peaked at No. 43 on the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. The album's only charted single was a cover of Dolly Parton's \"Jolene\". Austin's version of the song reached No. 55 on the Hot Country Songs charts in July 2001.", "title": "Followin' a Feelin'" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In his autobiography, Marching Along, Sousa wrote that he composed the march on Christmas Day, 1896. He was on an ocean liner on his way home from a vacation with his wife in Europe and had just learned of the recent death of David Blakely, the manager of the Sousa Band. He composed the march in his head and committed the notes to paper on arrival in the United States. It was first performed at Willow Grove Park, just outside Philadelphia, on May 14, 1897, and was immediately greeted with enthusiasm. Following an Act of Congress in 1987, it was officially adopted as the national march of the United States of America.", "title": "The Stars and Stripes Forever" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)", "title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Got a Feelin'\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington. It was released in January 2004 as the second and final single from his 2003 self-titled debut album. The song peaked at number 5 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart in mid-2004. It also reached number 50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Currington wrote this song with Casey Beathard and Carson Chamberlain.", "title": "I Got a Feelin' (Billy Currington song)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In May 2007, \"I'm Feelin' U\" was released also on single on Soulfuric Recordings with four remixes, of which one was produced also by Ron Carroll. The rest three were mixed by DJ Fudge and Brian Tappert.", "title": "I'm Feelin' U" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Cups ''is a version of the 1931 Carter Family song`` When I'm Gone'', usually performed a cappella with a cup used to provide percussion, as in the cup game. It was first performed this way in a YouTube video by Lulu and The Lampshades in 2009 (under the title ``You're Gonna Miss Me ''). Composition of the song is credited to A.P. Carter and Luisa Gerstein of Lulu and the Lampshades.", "title": "Cups (song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He wrote tens of librettos, most of them for operas to be performed at La Scala in Milan. In the same city he was professor of declamation at the conservatory.", "title": "Luigi Romanelli" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Terje Håkonsen (born 11 October 1974 in Vinje, Norway) is a Norwegian professional snowboarder. He is considered one of the most influential snowboarders in the history of the sport. In the book \"The way of the snowboarder\", Rob Reed wrote that \"Haakonsen took the young sport of snowboarding and revolutionized nearly every aspect of it\".", "title": "Terje Håkonsen" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Warm Ways\" is a song performed by British/American music group Fleetwood Mac. The song was written and performed by group keyboardist/vocalist Christine McVie. In October 1975, \"Warm Ways\" was released as the lead single from the album entitled \"Fleetwood Mac\" in the United Kingdom. It was not released as a single in the United States, where \"Over My Head\" was issued as the first single instead.", "title": "Warm Ways" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Music Never Stopped: Roots of the Grateful Dead is a 1995 compilation album of songs, performed by the original artists, that the American rock group the Grateful Dead covered and performed live throughout their career. Several of the tracks on this album can be found on no other compact disc, including \"Rain and Snow\" as performed by Obray Ramsey and \"Big Railroad Blues\" by Cannon's Jug Stompers. The eclectic nature of the Grateful Dead's music is highlighted on this album with the inclusion of songs from such diverse genres as folk (\"Morning Dew\", \"Goin' Down This Road Feelin' Bad\"), the blues (\"The Red Rooster\", \"Turn On Your Love Light\"), country (\"Mama Tried\", \"El Paso\"), gospel (\"Samson & Delilah\"), and straight out rock and roll (\"The Promised Land\", \"Not Fade Away\").", "title": "The Music Never Stopped: Roots of the Grateful Dead" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "If There Was a Way is the fourth album by Dwight Yoakam. Five of its tracks would rise into the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in 1991 and 1992. They were \"Turn It On, Turn It Up, Turn Me Loose\" at No. 11, \"You're the One\" at No. 5, \"Nothing's Changed Here\" at No. 15, \"It Only Hurts When I Cry\" at No. 7 \"Send a Message to My Heart\", (a duet with fellow Pikeville, Kentucky native Patty Loveless) at No. 47, and finally the No. 18 \"The Heart That You Own\". \"Takes a Lot to Rock You\" was also made into a music video. The album rose to No. 7 on the Country Albums chart.", "title": "If There Was a Way" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Feelin' the Same Way\" is a name of a song by Norah Jones released on her debut album \"Come Away with Me\". It was written by the songwriter Lee Alexander. The song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart, but it was not as successful as its successor, \"Come Away with Me\". The song was the second single released from \"Come Away with Me\".", "title": "Feelin' the Same Way" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Feelin' Stronger Every Day\" is a song written by Peter Cetera and James Pankow for the group Chicago and recorded for their album \"Chicago VI\" (1973). The first single released from that album, it reached #10 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "title": "Feelin' Stronger Every Day" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hall of Great Western Performers is a Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. It is sometimes referred to as the \"Western Performers Hall of Fame\". It is a presentation that explores the various ways the west has been interpreted in literature and film.", "title": "Hall of Great Western Performers" } ]	Who wrote the song turn me on that is performed by performer of Feelin' the Same Way?	John D. Loudermilk	[]	Title: Terje Håkonsen Passage: Terje Håkonsen (born 11 October 1974 in Vinje, Norway) is a Norwegian professional snowboarder. He is considered one of the most influential snowboarders in the history of the sport. In the book "The way of the snowboarder", Rob Reed wrote that "Haakonsen took the young sport of snowboarding and revolutionized nearly every aspect of it". Title: Book of Ways Passage: Book of Ways is a double album of improvised music written by and performed by Keith Jarrett on clavichord which was released on the ECM label in 1987. Title: Feelin' Stronger Every Day Passage: "Feelin' Stronger Every Day" is a song written by Peter Cetera and James Pankow for the group Chicago and recorded for their album "Chicago VI" (1973). The first single released from that album, it reached #10 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100. Title: Hall of Great Western Performers Passage: The Hall of Great Western Performers is a Hall of Fame at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. It is sometimes referred to as the "Western Performers Hall of Fame". It is a presentation that explores the various ways the west has been interpreted in literature and film. Title: Followin' a Feelin' Passage: Followin' a Feelin' is the third studio album by Australian country music artist Sherrié Austin. It was released in 2001 by WE Records and peaked at No. 43 on the "Billboard" Top Country Albums chart. The album's only charted single was a cover of Dolly Parton's "Jolene". Austin's version of the song reached No. 55 on the Hot Country Songs charts in July 2001. Title: The Stars and Stripes Forever Passage: In his autobiography, Marching Along, Sousa wrote that he composed the march on Christmas Day, 1896. He was on an ocean liner on his way home from a vacation with his wife in Europe and had just learned of the recent death of David Blakely, the manager of the Sousa Band. He composed the march in his head and committed the notes to paper on arrival in the United States. It was first performed at Willow Grove Park, just outside Philadelphia, on May 14, 1897, and was immediately greeted with enthusiasm. Following an Act of Congress in 1987, it was officially adopted as the national march of the United States of America. Title: The Music Never Stopped: Roots of the Grateful Dead Passage: The Music Never Stopped: Roots of the Grateful Dead is a 1995 compilation album of songs, performed by the original artists, that the American rock group the Grateful Dead covered and performed live throughout their career. Several of the tracks on this album can be found on no other compact disc, including "Rain and Snow" as performed by Obray Ramsey and "Big Railroad Blues" by Cannon's Jug Stompers. The eclectic nature of the Grateful Dead's music is highlighted on this album with the inclusion of songs from such diverse genres as folk ("Morning Dew", "Goin' Down This Road Feelin' Bad"), the blues ("The Red Rooster", "Turn On Your Love Light"), country ("Mama Tried", "El Paso"), gospel ("Samson & Delilah"), and straight out rock and roll ("The Promised Land", "Not Fade Away"). Title: Luigi Romanelli Passage: He wrote tens of librettos, most of them for operas to be performed at La Scala in Milan. In the same city he was professor of declamation at the conservatory. Title: Feelin' the Same Way Passage: "Feelin' the Same Way" is a name of a song by Norah Jones released on her debut album "Come Away with Me". It was written by the songwriter Lee Alexander. The song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart, but it was not as successful as its successor, "Come Away with Me". The song was the second single released from "Come Away with Me". Title: Kingpin (Tinsley Ellis album) Passage: Kingpin is a 2000 blues album by Tinsley Ellis. It was recorded at Ocean Way by David Z (also the producer) who also mixed at Javelina Recording Studio (both in Nashville, Tennessee) for Supersonic Productions. It was mastered by George Marino at Sterling Sound New York. Tinsley wrote/co-wrote three of the songs. Title: The Goodies Passage: The Goodies are a trio of British comedians: Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden, and Bill Oddie. They wrote for and performed in their eponymous television comedy show during the 1970s and early 1980s, combining sketches and situation comedy. Title: My Way Passage: ``My Way ''is a song popularized in 1969 by Frank Sinatra. Its lyrics were written by Paul Anka and set to the music of the French song`` Comme d'habitude'' co-composed and co-written (with Jacques Revaux), and performed in 1967 by Claude François. Anka's English lyrics are unrelated to the original French song. The song was a success for a variety of performers including Sinatra, Elvis Presley, and Sid Vicious. Sinatra's version of ``My Way ''spent 75 weeks in the UK Top 40, a record which still stands. Title: If There Was a Way Passage: If There Was a Way is the fourth album by Dwight Yoakam. Five of its tracks would rise into the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in 1991 and 1992. They were "Turn It On, Turn It Up, Turn Me Loose" at No. 11, "You're the One" at No. 5, "Nothing's Changed Here" at No. 15, "It Only Hurts When I Cry" at No. 7 "Send a Message to My Heart", (a duet with fellow Pikeville, Kentucky native Patty Loveless) at No. 47, and finally the No. 18 "The Heart That You Own". "Takes a Lot to Rock You" was also made into a music video. The album rose to No. 7 on the Country Albums chart. Title: Cups (song) Passage: ``Cups ''is a version of the 1931 Carter Family song`` When I'm Gone'', usually performed a cappella with a cup used to provide percussion, as in the cup game. It was first performed this way in a YouTube video by Lulu and The Lampshades in 2009 (under the title ``You're Gonna Miss Me ''). Composition of the song is credited to A.P. Carter and Luisa Gerstein of Lulu and the Lampshades. Title: I'm Feelin' U Passage: In May 2007, "I'm Feelin' U" was released also on single on Soulfuric Recordings with four remixes, of which one was produced also by Ron Carroll. The rest three were mixed by DJ Fudge and Brian Tappert. Title: Warm Ways Passage: "Warm Ways" is a song performed by British/American music group Fleetwood Mac. The song was written and performed by group keyboardist/vocalist Christine McVie. In October 1975, "Warm Ways" was released as the lead single from the album entitled "Fleetwood Mac" in the United Kingdom. It was not released as a single in the United States, where "Over My Head" was issued as the first single instead. Title: Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song) Passage: ``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004) Title: I Got a Feelin' (Billy Currington song) Passage: "I Got a Feelin'" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington. It was released in January 2004 as the second and final single from his 2003 self-titled debut album. The song peaked at number 5 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot Country Songs chart in mid-2004. It also reached number 50 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Currington wrote this song with Casey Beathard and Carson Chamberlain. Title: Separate Lies Passage: Separate Lies is a 2005 British drama film directed by Julian Fellowes, who also wrote the screenplay, updating the 1951 novel "A Way Through the Wood" by Nigel Balchin, which had already been turned into a stage play under the title "Waiting for Gillian" in 1957. The film stars Tom Wilkinson, Emily Watson and Rupert Everett. "Separate Lies" marked the directorial debut of Julian Fellowes, who had worked mostly as an actor and won an Academy Award with his screenplay for Robert Altman's "Gosford Park". Title: Way Out Here (song) Passage: "Way Out Here" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Josh Thompson. It was released in March 2010 as the second single and title track from his debut album of the same name. Thompson co-wrote the song with David Lee Murphy and Casey Beathard.	[ "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)", "Feelin' the Same Way" ]
2hop__642686_7292	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Borat's Television Programme is a two-part compilation spin-off of \"Da Ali G Show\" by British television station Channel 4. The show features Borat Sagdiyev (, ) in the United States learning about the local culture and customs, much in the vein of the later movie \"Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan\". The two episodes contain Borat and Brüno segments from \"Ali G in da USA\", along with new and unseen interviews and shenanigans.", "title": "Borat's Television Programme" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barefoot on the Beach is a smooth jazz album by American singer-songwriter Michael Franks, released in 1999 by Windham Hill Records.", "title": "Barefoot on the Beach" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soul Train was an American music - dance television program which aired in syndication from October 2, 1971 to March 25, 2006. In its 35 - year history, the show primarily featured performances by R&B, soul, dance / pop and hip hop artists, although funk, jazz, disco and gospel artists also appeared. The series was created by Don Cornelius, who also served as its first host and executive producer.", "title": "Soul Train" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WUOT (91.9 FM) is the National Public Radio member station in Knoxville, Tennessee. Owned by the University of Tennessee, it airs a mix of news, classical music and jazz, along with programming from NPR, American Public Media and Public Radio International. The station is also broadcast on HD radio. It primarily features classical music programming, but carries NPR news programs daily, as well as jazz music for ninety minutes every weeknight and all evening on Fridays and folk music Saturday evenings. Its studios are located in the Communications Building on the UT campus.", "title": "WUOT" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label.", "title": "The Main Attraction (album)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session.", "title": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "M.F. Horn Two is a 1972 big band jazz album by Canadian jazz trumpeter Maynard Ferguson. It features cover versions of many songs that were popular in the years leading up to its production, including: \"Theme from Shaft\" by Isaac Hayes, \"Country Road\" by James Taylor, \"Mother\" by John Lennon, \"Spinning Wheel\" by David Clayton-Thomas and \"Hey Jude\" by The Beatles. It also features a track called \"Free Wheeler\" written by another highly regarded jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player, Kenny Wheeler.", "title": "M.F. Horn Two" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Golden 8 is an album by American jazz drummer Kenny Clarke and Belgian jazz composer and pianist Francy Boland recorded in Köln in 1961 and released on the Blue Note label. The album established the relationship which led to the formation of the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band.", "title": "The Golden 8" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations.", "title": "Adult contemporary music" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541.", "title": "Tijuana Jazz" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Una Mas, on the front cover titled \"Una Mas (One More Time)\", is a jazz album by trumpeter Kenny Dorham and his quintet, released in 1963 on Blue Note as BLP 4127 and BST 84127. The album would be the next-to-last studio session led by the trumpeter, since after 1964, he began to fade and disappear from the jazz scenes. \"Una Mas\" features three compositions by Dorham himself and the jazz ballad \"If Ever I Would Leave You\", originally composed by Loewe/Lerner for the musical \"Camelot\".", "title": "Una Mas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hello Tomorrow is the ninth studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. It was his first album released by Concord Records on October 19, 2010. Koz himself provided vocals on \"This Guy's in Love with You\". The album peaked at number 1 on Billboard Jazz Albums chart. on November 30, 2011, the album received a Nomination in 54th Grammy Awards for Best Pop Instrumental Album.", "title": "Hello Tomorrow (album)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Multidirection is the second album by American jazz pianist Kenny Cox featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album was reissued as bonus tracks with Cox's first Blue Note album \"Introducing Kenny Cox\".", "title": "Multidirection" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arturo Tappin is a smooth jazz and jazz/reggae saxophonist from Barbados. He has performed with Roberta Flack, Monty Alexander, and on an album by Luther Vandross.", "title": "Arturo Tappin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn.", "title": "Jazz Contemporary" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label.", "title": "The Jazz Skyline" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Opus de Jazz (subtitled A Hi-Fi Recording for Flute, Vibes, Piano, Bass, Drums) is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1955 and released on the Savoy label.", "title": "Opus de Jazz" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reese and the Smooth Ones is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut.", "title": "Reese and the Smooth Ones" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seeds from the Underground is a studio album by Kenny Garrett. It was released on April 10, 2012, on Mack Avenue Records and received two Grammy nominations in Best Jazz Instrumental Album and Best Improvised Jazz Solo categories, as well as a NAACP Image Award nomination in Outstanding Jazz Album category, a Soul Train Award nomination in Best Traditional Jazz Artist/Group category, a Jazz Awards nomination for Alto Saxophonist of the Year and an Echo Award win in the Saxophonist of the Year category.", "title": "Seeds from the Underground" } ]	Along with Kenny G and the performer of Hello Tomorrow, what artist was featured on Smooth Jazz Stations?	George Benson	[]	Title: Hello Tomorrow (album) Passage: Hello Tomorrow is the ninth studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. It was his first album released by Concord Records on October 19, 2010. Koz himself provided vocals on "This Guy's in Love with You". The album peaked at number 1 on Billboard Jazz Albums chart. on November 30, 2011, the album received a Nomination in 54th Grammy Awards for Best Pop Instrumental Album. Title: Jazz Contemporary Passage: Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn. Title: Una Mas Passage: Una Mas, on the front cover titled "Una Mas (One More Time)", is a jazz album by trumpeter Kenny Dorham and his quintet, released in 1963 on Blue Note as BLP 4127 and BST 84127. The album would be the next-to-last studio session led by the trumpeter, since after 1964, he began to fade and disappear from the jazz scenes. "Una Mas" features three compositions by Dorham himself and the jazz ballad "If Ever I Would Leave You", originally composed by Loewe/Lerner for the musical "Camelot". Title: M.F. Horn Two Passage: M.F. Horn Two is a 1972 big band jazz album by Canadian jazz trumpeter Maynard Ferguson. It features cover versions of many songs that were popular in the years leading up to its production, including: "Theme from Shaft" by Isaac Hayes, "Country Road" by James Taylor, "Mother" by John Lennon, "Spinning Wheel" by David Clayton-Thomas and "Hey Jude" by The Beatles. It also features a track called "Free Wheeler" written by another highly regarded jazz trumpeter and flugelhorn player, Kenny Wheeler. Title: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm Passage: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session. Title: Tijuana Jazz Passage: Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541. Title: Seattle Passage: Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle. Title: Multidirection Passage: Multidirection is the second album by American jazz pianist Kenny Cox featuring performances recorded in 1969 and released on the Blue Note label. The album was reissued as bonus tracks with Cox's first Blue Note album "Introducing Kenny Cox". Title: Opus de Jazz Passage: Opus de Jazz (subtitled A Hi-Fi Recording for Flute, Vibes, Piano, Bass, Drums) is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1955 and released on the Savoy label. Title: The Golden 8 Passage: The Golden 8 is an album by American jazz drummer Kenny Clarke and Belgian jazz composer and pianist Francy Boland recorded in Köln in 1961 and released on the Blue Note label. The album established the relationship which led to the formation of the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland Big Band. Title: The Jazz Skyline Passage: The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label. Title: Adult contemporary music Passage: In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations. Title: Seeds from the Underground Passage: Seeds from the Underground is a studio album by Kenny Garrett. It was released on April 10, 2012, on Mack Avenue Records and received two Grammy nominations in Best Jazz Instrumental Album and Best Improvised Jazz Solo categories, as well as a NAACP Image Award nomination in Outstanding Jazz Album category, a Soul Train Award nomination in Best Traditional Jazz Artist/Group category, a Jazz Awards nomination for Alto Saxophonist of the Year and an Echo Award win in the Saxophonist of the Year category. Title: Reese and the Smooth Ones Passage: Reese and the Smooth Ones is a 1969 album by the Art Ensemble of Chicago recorded in Paris for the French BYG Actuel label. It features performances by Lester Bowie, Joseph Jarman, Roscoe Mitchell and Malachi Favors Maghostut. Title: The Main Attraction (album) Passage: The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label. Title: Arturo Tappin Passage: Arturo Tappin is a smooth jazz and jazz/reggae saxophonist from Barbados. He has performed with Roberta Flack, Monty Alexander, and on an album by Luther Vandross. Title: Borat's Television Programme Passage: Borat's Television Programme is a two-part compilation spin-off of "Da Ali G Show" by British television station Channel 4. The show features Borat Sagdiyev (, ) in the United States learning about the local culture and customs, much in the vein of the later movie "Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan". The two episodes contain Borat and Brüno segments from "Ali G in da USA", along with new and unseen interviews and shenanigans. Title: Soul Train Passage: Soul Train was an American music - dance television program which aired in syndication from October 2, 1971 to March 25, 2006. In its 35 - year history, the show primarily featured performances by R&B, soul, dance / pop and hip hop artists, although funk, jazz, disco and gospel artists also appeared. The series was created by Don Cornelius, who also served as its first host and executive producer. Title: Barefoot on the Beach Passage: Barefoot on the Beach is a smooth jazz album by American singer-songwriter Michael Franks, released in 1999 by Windham Hill Records. Title: WUOT Passage: WUOT (91.9 FM) is the National Public Radio member station in Knoxville, Tennessee. Owned by the University of Tennessee, it airs a mix of news, classical music and jazz, along with programming from NPR, American Public Media and Public Radio International. The station is also broadcast on HD radio. It primarily features classical music programming, but carries NPR news programs daily, as well as jazz music for ninety minutes every weeknight and all evening on Fridays and folk music Saturday evenings. Its studios are located in the Communications Building on the UT campus.	[ "Adult contemporary music", "Hello Tomorrow (album)" ]
2hop__384238_74735	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``In My Life ''is a song by the Beatles released on the 1965 album Rubber Soul, and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The song originated with John Lennon, but Paul McCartney and Lennon later disagreed over the extent of their respective contribution to that song, specifically the melody. George Martin contributed the piano solo bridge. It is ranked 23rd on Rolling Stone's`` The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time'' as well as fifth on their list of the Beatles' 100 Greatest Songs. The song placed second on CBC's 50 Tracks. Mojo magazine named it the best song of all time in 2000.", "title": "In My Life" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Into the Sun is the debut album by Sean Lennon, released on May 19, 1998 on the Beastie Boys' label Grand Royal (distributed by Capitol Records, a division of EMI which had been the longtime home of Sean's father John Lennon).", "title": "Into the Sun (Sean Lennon album)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Lennon -- vocals, acoustic rhythm guitar Paul McCartney -- bass, backing vocals George Harrison -- lead guitar, backing vocals Ringo Starr -- drums", "title": "Anna (Go to Him)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``Hey Jude ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The ballad evolved from`` Hey Jules'', a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon's son, Julian, during his parents' divorce. ``Hey Jude ''begins with a verse - bridge structure incorporating McCartney's vocal performance and piano accompaniment; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses. After the fourth verse, the song shifts to a fade - out coda that lasts for more than four minutes.", "title": "Hey Jude" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The master take was recorded on 31 January 1969, as part of the ``Apple studio performance ''for the project. McCartney played Blüthner piano, Lennon played six - string electric bass (replaced by McCartney's own bass part on the final version at the behest of George Martin), George Harrison and Ringo Starr assumed their conventional roles, on guitar and drums respectively, and Billy Preston contributed on organ. This was one of two performances of`` Let It Be'' that day. The first version, designated take 27 - A, would serve as the basis for all officially released versions of the song. The other version, take 27 - B, was performed as part of the ``live studio performance '', along with`` Two of Us'' and ``The Long and Winding Road ''. This performance, in which Lennon and Harrison harmonised with McCartney's lead vocal and Harrison contributed a subdued guitar solo, can be seen in the film Let It Be.", "title": "Let It Be" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Tip of My Tongue ''is a single by Tommy Quickly backed by The Remo Four. Written by Paul McCartney and attributed to the songwriting partnership of Lennon -- McCartney, it was one of their relatively few songs that were never officially released by the Beatles. Several takes of this song were apparently recorded on 26 November 1962 at EMI Studios, although George Martin was dissatisfied with the results. This session has yet to emerge on any of the Beatles bootlegs.", "title": "Tip of My Tongue" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Because\" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney) and recorded by the English rock band the Beatles. It was released on their 1969 album \"Abbey Road\", immediately preceding the extended medley on side two of the record. It features a prominent three-part vocal harmony by Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison, recorded three times to make nine voices in all.", "title": "Because (Beatles song)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lennon -- McCartney (sometimes McCartney -- Lennon) was the songwriting partnership between English musicians John Lennon (9 October 1940 -- 8 December 1980) and Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) of the Beatles. It is one of the best known and most successful musical collaborations in history, with the Beatles selling over 600 million records, tapes and CDs as of 2004. Between 1962 and 1969, the partnership published approximately 180 jointly credited songs, of which the vast majority were recorded by the Beatles, forming the bulk of their catalogue.", "title": "Lennon–McCartney" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Mama's Little Girl\" is a song by Paul McCartney that was taped in March 1972 during the \"Red Rose Speedway\" recording sessions.", "title": "Mama's Little Girl" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lennon -- McCartney was the songwriting partnership between English musicians John Lennon (9 October 1940 -- 8 December 1980) and Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) of the Beatles. It is one of the best known and most successful musical collaborations in history, with the Beatles selling over 600 million records, tapes and CDs as of 2004. Between 1962 and 1969, the partnership published approximately 180 jointly credited songs, of which the vast majority were recorded by the Beatles, forming the bulk of their catalogue.", "title": "Lennon–McCartney" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Freedom\" is a song written and recorded by Paul McCartney in response to the September 11 attacks in 2001. McCartney was in New York City at the time of the attacks and witnessed the event while sitting in a plane parked on the tarmac at New York's John F. Kennedy Airport.", "title": "Freedom (Paul McCartney song)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``You've Got to Hide Your Love Away ''is a song by English rock band the Beatles. It was written and sung by John Lennon (credited to Lennon -- McCartney) and released on the album Help! in August 1965.", "title": "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``I Want to Hold Your Hand ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. Written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, and recorded in October 1963, it was the first Beatles record to be made using four - track equipment.", "title": "I Want to Hold Your Hand" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul McCartney -- lead and backing vocals, bass guitar, piano John Lennon -- backing vocals, lead guitar George Harrison -- backing vocals, guitar Ringo Starr -- drums, tubular bells Robert Burns, Henry MacKenzie, Frank Reidy -- two clarinets, bass clarinet", "title": "When I'm Sixty-Four" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Tip of My Tongue\" is a single by Tommy Quickly backed by The Remo Four. Written by Paul McCartney and attributed to the songwriting partnership of Lennon–McCartney, it was one of their relatively few songs that were never officially released by the Beatles. Several takes of this song were apparently recorded on 26 November 1962 at EMI Studios, although George Martin was dissatisfied with the results. This session has yet to emerge on any of the Beatles bootlegs.", "title": "Tip of My Tongue" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Michelle ''is a love ballad by the Beatles, composed principally by Paul McCartney, with the middle eight co-written with John Lennon. It is featured on their Rubber Soul album, released in December 1965. The song is unusual among Beatles recordings in that some of its lead vocals are in French, although`` Paperback Writer'' contains the backing vocals ``Frère Jacques ''.`` Michelle'' won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1967 and has since become one of the best known and most often recorded of all Beatles songs.", "title": "Michelle (song)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Julian Lennon was born on 8 April 1963 in Liverpool. He was named after his paternal grandmother, Julia Lennon. The Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, was his godfather.", "title": "Julian Lennon" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Wah-Wah\" is a song by English musician George Harrison, released on his 1970 triple album \"All Things Must Pass\". Harrison wrote the song following his temporary departure from the Beatles in January 1969, during the troubled \"Get Back\" sessions that resulted in their \"Let It Be\" album and film. The lyrics reflect his frustration with the atmosphere in the group at that time – namely, Paul McCartney's over-assertiveness and criticism of his guitar playing, John Lennon's lack of engagement with the project and dismissal of Harrison as a songwriter, and Yoko Ono's constant involvement in the band's activities. Music critics and biographers recognise the song as Harrison's statement of personal and artistic freedom from the Beatles. Its creation contrasted sharply with his rewarding collaborations outside the group in the months before the \"Get Back\" project, particularly with Bob Dylan and the Band in upstate New York.", "title": "Wah-Wah (song)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul McCartney -- lead vocals, bass, handclaps John Lennon -- rhythm guitar, harmony vocals, handclaps George Harrison -- lead guitar, handclaps Ringo Starr -- drums, handclaps", "title": "I Saw Her Standing There" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as ``Beatlemania ''; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's development into an art form and came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s.", "title": "The Beatles" } ]	What song did Paul McCartney write for Sean Lennon's siblings?	``Hey Jude ''	[ "Hey Jude" ]	Title: Because (Beatles song) Passage: "Because" is a song written by John Lennon (credited to Lennon–McCartney) and recorded by the English rock band the Beatles. It was released on their 1969 album "Abbey Road", immediately preceding the extended medley on side two of the record. It features a prominent three-part vocal harmony by Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison, recorded three times to make nine voices in all. Title: Freedom (Paul McCartney song) Passage: "Freedom" is a song written and recorded by Paul McCartney in response to the September 11 attacks in 2001. McCartney was in New York City at the time of the attacks and witnessed the event while sitting in a plane parked on the tarmac at New York's John F. Kennedy Airport. Title: Michelle (song) Passage: ``Michelle ''is a love ballad by the Beatles, composed principally by Paul McCartney, with the middle eight co-written with John Lennon. It is featured on their Rubber Soul album, released in December 1965. The song is unusual among Beatles recordings in that some of its lead vocals are in French, although`` Paperback Writer'' contains the backing vocals ``Frère Jacques ''.`` Michelle'' won the Grammy Award for Song of the Year in 1967 and has since become one of the best known and most often recorded of all Beatles songs. Title: Hey Jude Passage: ``Hey Jude ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The ballad evolved from`` Hey Jules'', a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon's son, Julian, during his parents' divorce. ``Hey Jude ''begins with a verse - bridge structure incorporating McCartney's vocal performance and piano accompaniment; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses. After the fourth verse, the song shifts to a fade - out coda that lasts for more than four minutes. Title: Lennon–McCartney Passage: Lennon -- McCartney was the songwriting partnership between English musicians John Lennon (9 October 1940 -- 8 December 1980) and Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) of the Beatles. It is one of the best known and most successful musical collaborations in history, with the Beatles selling over 600 million records, tapes and CDs as of 2004. Between 1962 and 1969, the partnership published approximately 180 jointly credited songs, of which the vast majority were recorded by the Beatles, forming the bulk of their catalogue. Title: Julian Lennon Passage: Julian Lennon was born on 8 April 1963 in Liverpool. He was named after his paternal grandmother, Julia Lennon. The Beatles' manager, Brian Epstein, was his godfather. Title: I Saw Her Standing There Passage: Paul McCartney -- lead vocals, bass, handclaps John Lennon -- rhythm guitar, harmony vocals, handclaps George Harrison -- lead guitar, handclaps Ringo Starr -- drums, handclaps Title: You've Got to Hide Your Love Away Passage: ``You've Got to Hide Your Love Away ''is a song by English rock band the Beatles. It was written and sung by John Lennon (credited to Lennon -- McCartney) and released on the album Help! in August 1965. Title: Anna (Go to Him) Passage: John Lennon -- vocals, acoustic rhythm guitar Paul McCartney -- bass, backing vocals George Harrison -- lead guitar, backing vocals Ringo Starr -- drums Title: Into the Sun (Sean Lennon album) Passage: Into the Sun is the debut album by Sean Lennon, released on May 19, 1998 on the Beastie Boys' label Grand Royal (distributed by Capitol Records, a division of EMI which had been the longtime home of Sean's father John Lennon). Title: I Want to Hold Your Hand Passage: ``I Want to Hold Your Hand ''is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. Written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, and recorded in October 1963, it was the first Beatles record to be made using four - track equipment. Title: Wah-Wah (song) Passage: "Wah-Wah" is a song by English musician George Harrison, released on his 1970 triple album "All Things Must Pass". Harrison wrote the song following his temporary departure from the Beatles in January 1969, during the troubled "Get Back" sessions that resulted in their "Let It Be" album and film. The lyrics reflect his frustration with the atmosphere in the group at that time – namely, Paul McCartney's over-assertiveness and criticism of his guitar playing, John Lennon's lack of engagement with the project and dismissal of Harrison as a songwriter, and Yoko Ono's constant involvement in the band's activities. Music critics and biographers recognise the song as Harrison's statement of personal and artistic freedom from the Beatles. Its creation contrasted sharply with his rewarding collaborations outside the group in the months before the "Get Back" project, particularly with Bob Dylan and the Band in upstate New York. Title: When I'm Sixty-Four Passage: Paul McCartney -- lead and backing vocals, bass guitar, piano John Lennon -- backing vocals, lead guitar George Harrison -- backing vocals, guitar Ringo Starr -- drums, tubular bells Robert Burns, Henry MacKenzie, Frank Reidy -- two clarinets, bass clarinet Title: The Beatles Passage: The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as ``Beatlemania ''; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's development into an art form and came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s. Title: Tip of My Tongue Passage: ``Tip of My Tongue ''is a single by Tommy Quickly backed by The Remo Four. Written by Paul McCartney and attributed to the songwriting partnership of Lennon -- McCartney, it was one of their relatively few songs that were never officially released by the Beatles. Several takes of this song were apparently recorded on 26 November 1962 at EMI Studios, although George Martin was dissatisfied with the results. This session has yet to emerge on any of the Beatles bootlegs. Title: In My Life Passage: ``In My Life ''is a song by the Beatles released on the 1965 album Rubber Soul, and credited to Lennon -- McCartney. The song originated with John Lennon, but Paul McCartney and Lennon later disagreed over the extent of their respective contribution to that song, specifically the melody. George Martin contributed the piano solo bridge. It is ranked 23rd on Rolling Stone's`` The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time'' as well as fifth on their list of the Beatles' 100 Greatest Songs. The song placed second on CBC's 50 Tracks. Mojo magazine named it the best song of all time in 2000. Title: Let It Be Passage: The master take was recorded on 31 January 1969, as part of the ``Apple studio performance ''for the project. McCartney played Blüthner piano, Lennon played six - string electric bass (replaced by McCartney's own bass part on the final version at the behest of George Martin), George Harrison and Ringo Starr assumed their conventional roles, on guitar and drums respectively, and Billy Preston contributed on organ. This was one of two performances of`` Let It Be'' that day. The first version, designated take 27 - A, would serve as the basis for all officially released versions of the song. The other version, take 27 - B, was performed as part of the ``live studio performance '', along with`` Two of Us'' and ``The Long and Winding Road ''. This performance, in which Lennon and Harrison harmonised with McCartney's lead vocal and Harrison contributed a subdued guitar solo, can be seen in the film Let It Be. Title: Tip of My Tongue Passage: "Tip of My Tongue" is a single by Tommy Quickly backed by The Remo Four. Written by Paul McCartney and attributed to the songwriting partnership of Lennon–McCartney, it was one of their relatively few songs that were never officially released by the Beatles. Several takes of this song were apparently recorded on 26 November 1962 at EMI Studios, although George Martin was dissatisfied with the results. This session has yet to emerge on any of the Beatles bootlegs. Title: Mama's Little Girl Passage: "Mama's Little Girl" is a song by Paul McCartney that was taped in March 1972 during the "Red Rose Speedway" recording sessions. Title: Lennon–McCartney Passage: Lennon -- McCartney (sometimes McCartney -- Lennon) was the songwriting partnership between English musicians John Lennon (9 October 1940 -- 8 December 1980) and Paul McCartney (born 18 June 1942) of the Beatles. It is one of the best known and most successful musical collaborations in history, with the Beatles selling over 600 million records, tapes and CDs as of 2004. Between 1962 and 1969, the partnership published approximately 180 jointly credited songs, of which the vast majority were recorded by the Beatles, forming the bulk of their catalogue.	[ "Hey Jude", "Julian Lennon" ]
2hop__32254_84601	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels (``Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens ''), published in 1755. Originally applied to the Solar System, the process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the Universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or solar nebular model. It offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the original nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.", "title": "Nebular hypothesis" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics (AO). The first scientifically useful observation of Neptune from ground-based telescopes using adaptive optics, was commenced in 1997 from Hawaii. Neptune is currently entering its spring and summer season and has been shown to be heating up, with increased atmospheric activity and brightness as a consequence. Combined with technological advancements, ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics are recording increasingly more detailed images of this Outer Planet. Both the HST and AO telescopes on Earth has made many new discoveries within the Solar System since the mid-1990s, with a large increase in the number of known satellites and moons around the Outer Planets for example. In 2004 and 2005, five new small satellites of Neptune with diameters between 38 and 61 kilometres were discovered.", "title": "Neptune" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following a mid-course correction in 1987, Voyager 2's closest approach to Neptune occurred on August 25, 1989. Through repeated computerized test simulations of trajectories through the Neptunian system conducted in advance, flight controllers determined the best way to route Voyager 2 through the Neptune-Triton system. Since the plane of the orbit of Triton is tilted significantly with respect to the plane of the ecliptic, through mid-course corrections, Voyager 2 was directed into a path about 4950 kilometers (3000 mi) above the north pole of Neptune. Five hours after Voyager 2 made its closest approach to Neptune, it performed a close fly-by of Triton, the larger of Neptune's two originally known moons, passing within about 40,000 kilometers (25,000 mi).Voyager 2 discovered previously unknown Neptunian rings, and confirmed six new moons: Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus, Naiad and Thalassa. While in the neighborhood of Neptune, Voyager 2 discovered the \"Great Dark Spot\", which has since disappeared, according to observations by the Hubble Space Telescope. The Great Dark Spot was later hypothesized to be a region of clear gas, forming a window in the planet's high-altitude methane cloud deck.With the decision of the International Astronomical Union to reclassify Pluto as a dwarf planet in 2006, the flyby of Neptune by Voyager 2 in 1989 became the point when every known planet in the Solar System had been visited at least once by a space probe.", "title": "Voyager 2" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fierbinţi Solar Park, a large thin-film photovoltaic (PV) power system, is being built on a 4 ha plot of land near the Fierbinți-Târg commune in Romania. The power plant will be a 10-megawatt solar power system using state-of-the-art thin film technology, and should be finished by the end of 2012. The solar park is expected to supply 4,000 MWh of electricity per year.", "title": "Fierbinți Solar Park" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kuiper belt (/ ˈkaɪpər / or Dutch pronunciation: ('kœy̯pər)), occasionally called the Edgeworth -- Kuiper belt, is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. It is similar to the asteroid belt, but is far larger -- 20 times as wide and 20 to 200 times as massive. Like the asteroid belt, it consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed. While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal, most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles (termed ``ices ''), such as methane, ammonia and water. The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets: Pluto, Haumea and Makemake. Some of the Solar System's moons, such as Neptune's Triton and Saturn's Phoebe, may have originated in the region.", "title": "Kuiper belt" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System. Its orbital period around the Sun of 88 days is the shortest of all the planets in the Solar System. It is named after the Roman deity Mercury, the messenger to the gods.", "title": "Mercury (planet)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a low temperature of 51.8 K (−221.3 °C). At a depth where the atmospheric pressure equals 1 bar (100 kPa), the temperature is 72.00 K (−201.15 °C). Deeper inside the layers of gas, the temperature rises steadily. As with Uranus, the source of this heating is unknown, but the discrepancy is larger: Uranus only radiates 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun; whereas Neptune radiates about 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun, yet its internal energy is sufficient to drive the fastest planetary winds seen in the Solar System. Depending on the thermal properties of its interior, the heat left over from Neptune's formation may be sufficient to explain its current heat flow, though it is more difficult to simultaneously explain Uranus's lack of internal heat while preserving the apparent similarity between the two planets.", "title": "Neptune" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wonders of the Solar System is a 2010 television series co-produced by the BBC and Science Channel, and hosted by physicist Brian Cox. \"Wonders of the Solar System\" was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 7 March 2010. The series comprises five episodes, each of which focuses on an aspect of the Solar System and features a 'wonder' relevant to the theme. The series was described as one of the most successful to appear on BBC Two in recent years. An accompanying book with the same name was also published.", "title": "Wonders of the Solar System" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reveal the presence of clouds moving even faster than those that had initially been detected by Voyager 2). The Small Dark Spot is a southern cyclonic storm, the second-most-intense storm observed during the 1989 encounter. It was initially completely dark, but as Voyager 2 approached the planet, a bright core developed and can be seen in most of the highest-resolution images.", "title": "Neptune" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools.", "title": "Solar energy" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On August 30, 2007, Voyager 2 passed the termination shock and then entered into the heliosheath, approximately 1 billion miles (1.6 billion km) closer to the Sun than Voyager 1 did. This is due to the interstellar magnetic field of deep space. The southern hemisphere of the Solar System's heliosphere is being pushed in.", "title": "Voyager 2" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.", "title": "Solar energy" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier. Its largest moon, Triton, was discovered shortly thereafter, though none of the planet's remaining known 13 moons were located telescopically until the 20th century. The planet's distance from Earth gives it a very small apparent size, making it challenging to study with Earth-based telescopes. Neptune was visited by \"Voyager 2\", when it flew by the planet on 25 August 1989. The advent of the \"Hubble Space Telescope\" and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics has recently allowed for additional detailed observations from afar.", "title": "Neptune" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Halimede is about 62 kilometers in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04) and appears neutral (grey) in the visible light. Given the very similar colour of the satellite to that of Nereid together with the high probability (41%) of collision in the past lifespan of the Solar System, it has been suggested that the satellite could be a fragment of Nereid.Halimede, like many of the outer satellites of Neptune, is named after one of the Nereids, the fifty daughters of Nereus and Doris. Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), Halimede was known by the provisional designation S/2002 N 1.", "title": "Halimede (moon)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The average distance between Neptune and the Sun is 4.5 billion km (about 30.1 astronomical units (AU)), and it completes an orbit on average every 164.79 years, subject to a variability of around ±0.1 years. The perihelion distance is 29.81 AU; the aphelion distance is 30.33 AU.On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, on 11 July Neptune was also not at its exact discovery position in relation to the Sun; if the more common heliocentric coordinate system is used, the discovery longitude was reached on 12 July 2011.The elliptical orbit of Neptune is inclined 1.77° compared to that of Earth.", "title": "Neptune" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Solar power in Germany consists almost exclusively of photovoltaics (PV) and accounted for an estimated 6.2 to 6.9 percent of the country's net - electricity generation in 2016. About 1.5 million photovoltaic systems were installed around the country in 2014, ranging from small rooftop systems, to medium commercial and large utility - scale solar parks. Germany's largest solar farms are located in Meuro, Neuhardenberg, and Templin with capacities over 100 MW. Solar heating does not use solar energy for power generation and is therefore not included in this article.", "title": "Solar power in Germany" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Neptune Glacier () is a glacier on the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica, 12 nautical miles (22 km) long and 4 nautical miles (7 km) wide, flowing east into George VI Sound and the George VI Ice Shelf to the south of Triton Point. Although Neptune Glacier is not located within the mountain range Planet Heights, the glaciers name derives from the mountain range along with many other nearby glaciers named after planets of the Solar System. There are also other nearby landforms named in association with these glaciers. The glacier was first sighted from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and roughly mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. The mouth of the glacier was positioned in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE). Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for the planet Neptune following a Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) survey in 1949. The head of the glacier was mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, by Searle of the FIDS in 1960.", "title": "Neptune Glacier" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "That night, SpongeBob goes to his favorite restaurant, Goofy Goober's, where he drowns his sorrows in ice cream with his best friend Patrick Star. Elsewhere, Mr. Krabs' business rival Plankton steals King Neptune's crown, leaving false evidence to frame Mr. Krabs for the crime, and sends the crown to Shell City, a distant, mysterious land from which no fish has returned. The next morning, Neptune barges into the Krusty Krab 2 and threatens Mr. Krabs for his alleged thievery. SpongeBob later arrives and chastises Krabs under the influence of an ice cream headache, but seeing his boss's life is at risk, he promises Neptune that he will retrieve the crown from Shell City. Neptune freezes Krabs and orders SpongeBob to return with the crown in six days for him to spare Krabs' life. Neptune's sympathetic daughter, Princess Mindy, gives SpongeBob a Bag of Winds so that they can return from Shell City once they find the crown. SpongeBob and Patrick leave for Shell City in the Patty Wagon, a car shaped like a Krabby Patty.", "title": "The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range. Socrates' Megaron House is a classic example of passive solar design. The most recent approaches to solar design use computer modeling tying together solar lighting, heating and ventilation systems in an integrated solar design package. Active solar equipment such as pumps, fans and switchable windows can complement passive design and improve system performance.", "title": "Solar energy" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The exploration of Neptune has only begun with one spacecraft, Voyager 2 in 1989. Currently there are no approved future missions to visit the Neptunian system. NASA, ESA and also independent academic groups have proposed future scientific missions to visit Neptune. Some mission plans are still active, while others have been abandoned or put on hold.", "title": "Exploration of Neptune" } ]	When did the spacecraft that detected storms on Neptune leave our solar system?	August 30, 2007	[]	Title: Solar power in Germany Passage: Solar power in Germany consists almost exclusively of photovoltaics (PV) and accounted for an estimated 6.2 to 6.9 percent of the country's net - electricity generation in 2016. About 1.5 million photovoltaic systems were installed around the country in 2014, ranging from small rooftop systems, to medium commercial and large utility - scale solar parks. Germany's largest solar farms are located in Meuro, Neuhardenberg, and Templin with capacities over 100 MW. Solar heating does not use solar energy for power generation and is therefore not included in this article. Title: The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie Passage: That night, SpongeBob goes to his favorite restaurant, Goofy Goober's, where he drowns his sorrows in ice cream with his best friend Patrick Star. Elsewhere, Mr. Krabs' business rival Plankton steals King Neptune's crown, leaving false evidence to frame Mr. Krabs for the crime, and sends the crown to Shell City, a distant, mysterious land from which no fish has returned. The next morning, Neptune barges into the Krusty Krab 2 and threatens Mr. Krabs for his alleged thievery. SpongeBob later arrives and chastises Krabs under the influence of an ice cream headache, but seeing his boss's life is at risk, he promises Neptune that he will retrieve the crown from Shell City. Neptune freezes Krabs and orders SpongeBob to return with the crown in six days for him to spare Krabs' life. Neptune's sympathetic daughter, Princess Mindy, gives SpongeBob a Bag of Winds so that they can return from Shell City once they find the crown. SpongeBob and Patrick leave for Shell City in the Patty Wagon, a car shaped like a Krabby Patty. Title: Neptune Passage: Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics (AO). The first scientifically useful observation of Neptune from ground-based telescopes using adaptive optics, was commenced in 1997 from Hawaii. Neptune is currently entering its spring and summer season and has been shown to be heating up, with increased atmospheric activity and brightness as a consequence. Combined with technological advancements, ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics are recording increasingly more detailed images of this Outer Planet. Both the HST and AO telescopes on Earth has made many new discoveries within the Solar System since the mid-1990s, with a large increase in the number of known satellites and moons around the Outer Planets for example. In 2004 and 2005, five new small satellites of Neptune with diameters between 38 and 61 kilometres were discovered. Title: Voyager 2 Passage: On August 30, 2007, Voyager 2 passed the termination shock and then entered into the heliosheath, approximately 1 billion miles (1.6 billion km) closer to the Sun than Voyager 1 did. This is due to the interstellar magnetic field of deep space. The southern hemisphere of the Solar System's heliosphere is being pushed in. Title: Exploration of Neptune Passage: The exploration of Neptune has only begun with one spacecraft, Voyager 2 in 1989. Currently there are no approved future missions to visit the Neptunian system. NASA, ESA and also independent academic groups have proposed future scientific missions to visit Neptune. Some mission plans are still active, while others have been abandoned or put on hold. Title: Kuiper belt Passage: The Kuiper belt (/ ˈkaɪpər / or Dutch pronunciation: ('kœy̯pər)), occasionally called the Edgeworth -- Kuiper belt, is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. It is similar to the asteroid belt, but is far larger -- 20 times as wide and 20 to 200 times as massive. Like the asteroid belt, it consists mainly of small bodies or remnants from when the Solar System formed. While many asteroids are composed primarily of rock and metal, most Kuiper belt objects are composed largely of frozen volatiles (termed ``ices ''), such as methane, ammonia and water. The Kuiper belt is home to three officially recognized dwarf planets: Pluto, Haumea and Makemake. Some of the Solar System's moons, such as Neptune's Triton and Saturn's Phoebe, may have originated in the region. Title: Neptune Passage: The average distance between Neptune and the Sun is 4.5 billion km (about 30.1 astronomical units (AU)), and it completes an orbit on average every 164.79 years, subject to a variability of around ±0.1 years. The perihelion distance is 29.81 AU; the aphelion distance is 30.33 AU.On 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the Solar System, on 11 July Neptune was also not at its exact discovery position in relation to the Sun; if the more common heliocentric coordinate system is used, the discovery longitude was reached on 12 July 2011.The elliptical orbit of Neptune is inclined 1.77° compared to that of Earth. Title: Solar energy Passage: Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools. Title: Voyager 2 Passage: Following a mid-course correction in 1987, Voyager 2's closest approach to Neptune occurred on August 25, 1989. Through repeated computerized test simulations of trajectories through the Neptunian system conducted in advance, flight controllers determined the best way to route Voyager 2 through the Neptune-Triton system. Since the plane of the orbit of Triton is tilted significantly with respect to the plane of the ecliptic, through mid-course corrections, Voyager 2 was directed into a path about 4950 kilometers (3000 mi) above the north pole of Neptune. Five hours after Voyager 2 made its closest approach to Neptune, it performed a close fly-by of Triton, the larger of Neptune's two originally known moons, passing within about 40,000 kilometers (25,000 mi).Voyager 2 discovered previously unknown Neptunian rings, and confirmed six new moons: Despina, Galatea, Larissa, Proteus, Naiad and Thalassa. While in the neighborhood of Neptune, Voyager 2 discovered the "Great Dark Spot", which has since disappeared, according to observations by the Hubble Space Telescope. The Great Dark Spot was later hypothesized to be a region of clear gas, forming a window in the planet's high-altitude methane cloud deck.With the decision of the International Astronomical Union to reclassify Pluto as a dwarf planet in 2006, the flyby of Neptune by Voyager 2 in 1989 became the point when every known planet in the Solar System had been visited at least once by a space probe. Title: Fierbinți Solar Park Passage: Fierbinţi Solar Park, a large thin-film photovoltaic (PV) power system, is being built on a 4 ha plot of land near the Fierbinți-Târg commune in Romania. The power plant will be a 10-megawatt solar power system using state-of-the-art thin film technology, and should be finished by the end of 2012. The solar park is expected to supply 4,000 MWh of electricity per year. Title: Solar energy Passage: The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range. Socrates' Megaron House is a classic example of passive solar design. The most recent approaches to solar design use computer modeling tying together solar lighting, heating and ventilation systems in an integrated solar design package. Active solar equipment such as pumps, fans and switchable windows can complement passive design and improve system performance. Title: Neptune Glacier Passage: Neptune Glacier () is a glacier on the east coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica, 12 nautical miles (22 km) long and 4 nautical miles (7 km) wide, flowing east into George VI Sound and the George VI Ice Shelf to the south of Triton Point. Although Neptune Glacier is not located within the mountain range Planet Heights, the glaciers name derives from the mountain range along with many other nearby glaciers named after planets of the Solar System. There are also other nearby landforms named in association with these glaciers. The glacier was first sighted from the air by Lincoln Ellsworth on November 23, 1935, and roughly mapped from photos obtained on that flight by W.L.G. Joerg. The mouth of the glacier was positioned in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE). Named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for the planet Neptune following a Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) survey in 1949. The head of the glacier was mapped from air photos taken by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition (RARE), 1947–48, by Searle of the FIDS in 1960. Title: Mercury (planet) Passage: Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System. Its orbital period around the Sun of 88 days is the shortest of all the planets in the Solar System. It is named after the Roman deity Mercury, the messenger to the gods. Title: Wonders of the Solar System Passage: Wonders of the Solar System is a 2010 television series co-produced by the BBC and Science Channel, and hosted by physicist Brian Cox. "Wonders of the Solar System" was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 7 March 2010. The series comprises five episodes, each of which focuses on an aspect of the Solar System and features a 'wonder' relevant to the theme. The series was described as one of the most successful to appear on BBC Two in recent years. An accompanying book with the same name was also published. Title: Solar energy Passage: It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. Title: Halimede (moon) Passage: Halimede is about 62 kilometers in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04) and appears neutral (grey) in the visible light. Given the very similar colour of the satellite to that of Nereid together with the high probability (41%) of collision in the past lifespan of the Solar System, it has been suggested that the satellite could be a fragment of Nereid.Halimede, like many of the outer satellites of Neptune, is named after one of the Nereids, the fifty daughters of Nereus and Doris. Before the announcement of its name on February 3, 2007 (IAUC 8802), Halimede was known by the provisional designation S/2002 N 1. Title: Neptune Passage: The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reveal the presence of clouds moving even faster than those that had initially been detected by Voyager 2). The Small Dark Spot is a southern cyclonic storm, the second-most-intense storm observed during the 1989 encounter. It was initially completely dark, but as Voyager 2 approached the planet, a bright core developed and can be seen in most of the highest-resolution images. Title: Nebular hypothesis Passage: The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels (``Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens ''), published in 1755. Originally applied to the Solar System, the process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the Universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or solar nebular model. It offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the original nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded. Title: Neptune Passage: Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was subsequently observed with a telescope on 23 September 1846 by Johann Galle within a degree of the position predicted by Urbain Le Verrier. Its largest moon, Triton, was discovered shortly thereafter, though none of the planet's remaining known 13 moons were located telescopically until the 20th century. The planet's distance from Earth gives it a very small apparent size, making it challenging to study with Earth-based telescopes. Neptune was visited by "Voyager 2", when it flew by the planet on 25 August 1989. The advent of the "Hubble Space Telescope" and large ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics has recently allowed for additional detailed observations from afar. Title: Neptune Passage: Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a low temperature of 51.8 K (−221.3 °C). At a depth where the atmospheric pressure equals 1 bar (100 kPa), the temperature is 72.00 K (−201.15 °C). Deeper inside the layers of gas, the temperature rises steadily. As with Uranus, the source of this heating is unknown, but the discrepancy is larger: Uranus only radiates 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun; whereas Neptune radiates about 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun, yet its internal energy is sufficient to drive the fastest planetary winds seen in the Solar System. Depending on the thermal properties of its interior, the heat left over from Neptune's formation may be sufficient to explain its current heat flow, though it is more difficult to simultaneously explain Uranus's lack of internal heat while preserving the apparent similarity between the two planets.	[ "Neptune", "Voyager 2" ]
2hop__86458_20273	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The biggest Presbyterian church is the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico (Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de México), which has around 2,500,000 members and associates and 3000 congregations, but there are other small denominations like the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico which was founded in 1875 by the Associate Reformed Church in North America. The Independent Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Reformed Church in Mexico, the National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico are existing churches in the Reformed tradition.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Presbyterian Church is a historic church at 120 East State Street in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.", "title": "First Presbyterian Church (Trenton, New Jersey)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently located within the state of Meghalaya in India) and established Presbyterian churches all over the Khasi Hills from the 1840s onwards. Hence there is a strong presence of Presbyterians in Shillong (the present capital of Meghalaya) and the areas adjoining it. The Welsh missionaries built their first church in Sohra (aka Cherrapunji) in 1846. Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles. Presbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government, which is governed by representative assemblies of elders. Many Reformed churches are organized this way, but the word \"Presbyterian,\" when capitalized, is often applied uniquely to the churches that trace their roots to the Scottish and English churches that bore that name and English political groups that formed during the English Civil War. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, and the necessity of grace through faith in Christ. Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707 which created the kingdom of Great Britain. In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, and the Presbyterian denomination was also taken to North America mostly by Scots and Scots-Irish immigrants. The Presbyterian denominations in Scotland hold to the theology of John Calvin and his immediate successors, although there are a range of theological views within contemporary Presbyterianism. Local congregations of churches which use presbyterian polity are governed by sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders); a conciliar approach which is found at other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod and general assembly).", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presbyterianism is the largest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland and the second largest on the island of Ireland (after the Anglican Church of Ireland),[citation needed] and was brought by Scottish plantation settlers to Ulster who had been strongly encouraged to emigrate by James VI of Scotland, later James I of England. An estimated 100,000 Scottish Presbyterians moved to the northern counties of Ireland between 1607 and the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.[citation needed] The Presbytery of Ulster was formed in 1642 separately from the established Anglican Church. Presbyterians, along with Roman Catholics in Ulster and the rest of Ireland, suffered under the discriminatory Penal Laws until they were revoked in the early 19th century. Presbyterianism is represented in Ireland by the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, the Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland, the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "However, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the Church of Scotland was finally unequivocally recognised as a Presbyterian institution by the monarch due to Scottish Presbyterian support for the aforementioned revolution and the Acts of Union 1707 between Scotland and England guaranteed the Church of Scotland's form of government. However, legislation by the United Kingdom parliament allowing patronage led to splits in the Church. In 1733, a group of ministers seceded from the Church of Scotland to form the Associate Presbytery, another group seceded in 1761 to form the Relief Church and the Disruption of 1843 led to the formation of the Free Church of Scotland. Further splits took place, especially over theological issues, but most Presbyterians in Scotland were reunited by 1929 union of the established Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in the city of Napoleon, Ohio, United States. Located at 303 W. Washington Street, it has been recognized as a historic site because of its unusual architecture.", "title": "First Presbyterian Church (Napoleon, Ohio)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th - century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman and a Roman Catholic Priest, who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland. He brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1972, the Presbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales to form the United Reformed Church (URC). Among the congregations the PCofE brought to the URC were Tunley (Lancashire), Aston Tirrold (Oxfordshire) and John Knox Presbyterian Church, Stepney, London (now part of Stepney Meeting House URC) – these are among the sole survivors today of the English Presbyterian churches of the 17th century. The URC also has a presence in Scotland, mostly of former Congregationalist Churches. Two former Presbyterian congregations, St Columba's, Cambridge (founded in 1879), and St Columba's, Oxford (founded as a chaplaincy by the PCofE and the Church of Scotland in 1908 and as a congregation of the PCofE in 1929), continue as congregations of the URC and university chaplaincies of the Church of Scotland.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. Each church then sends representatives or commissioners to presbyteries and further to a general assembly. Each greater level of assembly has ruling authority over its constituent members. In this governmental structure, each component has some level of sovereignty over itself. As in political federalism, in presbyterian ecclesiology there is shared sovereignty.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Among the paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, in which some Presbyterians are involved, clergy are moving away from the traditional black Geneva gown to such vestments as the alb and chasuble, but also cassock and surplice (typically a full length Old English style surplice which resembles the Celtic alb, an ungirdled liturgical tunic of the old Gallican Rite), which some, particularly those identifying with the Liturgical Renewal Movement, hold to be more ancient and representative of a more ecumenical past.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presbyterianism first officially arrived in Colonial America in 1703 with the establishment of the first Presbytery in Philadelphia. In time, the presbytery would be joined by two more to form a synod (1717) and would eventually evolve into the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1789. The nation's largest Presbyterian denomination, the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) – PC (USA) – can trace their heritage back to the original PCUSA, as can the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC), the Bible Presbyterian Church (BPC), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (CPC), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America the Evangelical Presbyterian Church (EPC) and the Evangelical Covenant Order of Presbyterians (ECO).", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Brazil, the Presbyterian Church of Brazil (Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil) totals approximately 1,011,300 members; other Presbyterian churches (Independents, United, Conservatives, Renovated, etc.) in this nation have around 350,000 members. The Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil was influenced by the charismatic movement and has about 131 000 members as of 2011. The Conservative Presbyterian Church was founded in 1940 and has eight presbyteries. The Fundamentalist Presbyterian church in Brazil was influenced by Karl McIntosh and the Bible Presbyterian church USA and has around 1 800 members. The Independent Presbyterian Church in Brasil was founded in 1903 by pastor Pereira, has 500 congregations and 75 000 members. The United Presbyterian Church in Brazil has around 4 000 members. There are also ethnic Korean Presbyterian churches in the country. The Evangelical Reformed Church in Brazil has Dutch origin. The Reformed Churches in Brazil were recently founded by the Canadian Reformed Churches with the Reformed Church in the Netherlands (liberated).", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mehrete Yesus Evangelical Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in the town of Asmara, Eritrea in 1995. \"Mahrete yesus\" means Compassion of Jesus. The church endured much turmoil. A Seminary was also founded.", "title": "Mehrete Yesus Evangelical Presbyterian Church" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scotch-Irish immigrants communities, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon \"Plan of Union of 1801\" for frontier areas.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Newtown Presbyterian Church, also known as Old Presbyterian Church of Newtown, is a historic Presbyterian church complex and national historic district in Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.", "title": "Newtown Presbyterian Church" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A number of new Presbyterian Churches were founded by Scottish immigrants to England in the 19th century and later. Following the 'Disruption' in 1843 many of those linked to the Church of Scotland eventually joined what became the Presbyterian Church of England in 1876. Some, that is Crown Court (Covent Garden, London), St Andrew's (Stepney, London) and Swallow Street (London), did not join the English denomination, which is why there are Church of Scotland congregations in England such as those at Crown Court, and St Columba's, Pont Street (Knightsbridge) in London. There is also a congregation in the heart of London's financial district called London City Presbyterian Church that is also affiliated with Free Church of Scotland.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Canada, the largest Presbyterian denomination – and indeed the largest Protestant denomination – was the Presbyterian Church in Canada, formed in 1875 with the merger of four regional groups. In 1925, the United Church of Canada was formed by the majority of Presbyterians combining with the Methodist Church, Canada, and the Congregational Union of Canada. A sizable minority of Canadian Presbyterians, primarily in southern Ontario but also throughout the entire nation, withdrew, and reconstituted themselves as a non-concurring continuing Presbyterian body. They regained use of the original name in 1939.", "title": "Presbyterianism" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The South Park Community Church is an historic Carpenter Gothic-style church building located at 600 Hathaway Street in Fairplay, Park County, Colorado. Built in 1874, the church was founded by Presbyterian missionary Sheldon Jackson. Its board and batten siding and lancet windows are typical of Carpenter Gothic churches. Originally the Sheldon Jackson Memorial Chapel, the structure is now the South Park Community (Presbyterian) Church.", "title": "South Park Community Church" } ]	In what year did the founder of the Presbyterian Church die?	1572	[]	Title: Presbyterianism Passage: Among the paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, in which some Presbyterians are involved, clergy are moving away from the traditional black Geneva gown to such vestments as the alb and chasuble, but also cassock and surplice (typically a full length Old English style surplice which resembles the Celtic alb, an ungirdled liturgical tunic of the old Gallican Rite), which some, particularly those identifying with the Liturgical Renewal Movement, hold to be more ancient and representative of a more ecumenical past. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: Presbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th - century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations. Presbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scotsman and a Roman Catholic Priest, who studied with Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland. He brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. The Presbyterian church traces its ancestry back primarily to England and Scotland. In August 1560 the Parliament of Scotland adopted the Scots Confession as the creed of the Scottish Kingdom. In December 1560, the First Book of Discipline was published, outlining important doctrinal issues but also establishing regulations for church government, including the creation of ten ecclesiastical districts with appointed superintendents which later became known as presbyteries. Title: Federalism Passage: Federalism also finds expression in ecclesiology (the doctrine of the church). For example, presbyterian church governance resembles parliamentary republicanism (a form of political federalism) to a large extent. In Presbyterian denominations, the local church is ruled by elected elders, some of which are ministerial. Each church then sends representatives or commissioners to presbyteries and further to a general assembly. Each greater level of assembly has ruling authority over its constituent members. In this governmental structure, each component has some level of sovereignty over itself. As in political federalism, in presbyterian ecclesiology there is shared sovereignty. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: In Canada, the largest Presbyterian denomination – and indeed the largest Protestant denomination – was the Presbyterian Church in Canada, formed in 1875 with the merger of four regional groups. In 1925, the United Church of Canada was formed by the majority of Presbyterians combining with the Methodist Church, Canada, and the Congregational Union of Canada. A sizable minority of Canadian Presbyterians, primarily in southern Ontario but also throughout the entire nation, withdrew, and reconstituted themselves as a non-concurring continuing Presbyterian body. They regained use of the original name in 1939. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: The biggest Presbyterian church is the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico (Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de México), which has around 2,500,000 members and associates and 3000 congregations, but there are other small denominations like the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico which was founded in 1875 by the Associate Reformed Church in North America. The Independent Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Reformed Church in Mexico, the National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico are existing churches in the Reformed tradition. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: In Brazil, the Presbyterian Church of Brazil (Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil) totals approximately 1,011,300 members; other Presbyterian churches (Independents, United, Conservatives, Renovated, etc.) in this nation have around 350,000 members. The Renewed Presbyterian Church in Brazil was influenced by the charismatic movement and has about 131 000 members as of 2011. The Conservative Presbyterian Church was founded in 1940 and has eight presbyteries. The Fundamentalist Presbyterian church in Brazil was influenced by Karl McIntosh and the Bible Presbyterian church USA and has around 1 800 members. The Independent Presbyterian Church in Brasil was founded in 1903 by pastor Pereira, has 500 congregations and 75 000 members. The United Presbyterian Church in Brazil has around 4 000 members. There are also ethnic Korean Presbyterian churches in the country. The Evangelical Reformed Church in Brazil has Dutch origin. The Reformed Churches in Brazil were recently founded by the Canadian Reformed Churches with the Reformed Church in the Netherlands (liberated). Title: Presbyterianism Passage: In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently located within the state of Meghalaya in India) and established Presbyterian churches all over the Khasi Hills from the 1840s onwards. Hence there is a strong presence of Presbyterians in Shillong (the present capital of Meghalaya) and the areas adjoining it. The Welsh missionaries built their first church in Sohra (aka Cherrapunji) in 1846. Presbyterians participated in the mergers that resulted in the Church of North India and the Church of South India.Sohra Title: Presbyterianism Passage: Presbyterianism is the largest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland and the second largest on the island of Ireland (after the Anglican Church of Ireland),[citation needed] and was brought by Scottish plantation settlers to Ulster who had been strongly encouraged to emigrate by James VI of Scotland, later James I of England. An estimated 100,000 Scottish Presbyterians moved to the northern counties of Ireland between 1607 and the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.[citation needed] The Presbytery of Ulster was formed in 1642 separately from the established Anglican Church. Presbyterians, along with Roman Catholics in Ulster and the rest of Ireland, suffered under the discriminatory Penal Laws until they were revoked in the early 19th century. Presbyterianism is represented in Ireland by the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, the Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland, the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church. Title: First Presbyterian Church (Napoleon, Ohio) Passage: First Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in the city of Napoleon, Ohio, United States. Located at 303 W. Washington Street, it has been recognized as a historic site because of its unusual architecture. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: Presbyterianism first officially arrived in Colonial America in 1703 with the establishment of the first Presbytery in Philadelphia. In time, the presbytery would be joined by two more to form a synod (1717) and would eventually evolve into the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1789. The nation's largest Presbyterian denomination, the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) – PC (USA) – can trace their heritage back to the original PCUSA, as can the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA), the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC), the Bible Presbyterian Church (BPC), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (CPC), the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America the Evangelical Presbyterian Church (EPC) and the Evangelical Covenant Order of Presbyterians (ECO). Title: Presbyterianism Passage: The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scotch-Irish immigrants communities, and also from New England Yankee communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon "Plan of Union of 1801" for frontier areas. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: A number of new Presbyterian Churches were founded by Scottish immigrants to England in the 19th century and later. Following the 'Disruption' in 1843 many of those linked to the Church of Scotland eventually joined what became the Presbyterian Church of England in 1876. Some, that is Crown Court (Covent Garden, London), St Andrew's (Stepney, London) and Swallow Street (London), did not join the English denomination, which is why there are Church of Scotland congregations in England such as those at Crown Court, and St Columba's, Pont Street (Knightsbridge) in London. There is also a congregation in the heart of London's financial district called London City Presbyterian Church that is also affiliated with Free Church of Scotland. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: In 1972, the Presbyterian Church of England (PCofE) united with the Congregational Church in England and Wales to form the United Reformed Church (URC). Among the congregations the PCofE brought to the URC were Tunley (Lancashire), Aston Tirrold (Oxfordshire) and John Knox Presbyterian Church, Stepney, London (now part of Stepney Meeting House URC) – these are among the sole survivors today of the English Presbyterian churches of the 17th century. The URC also has a presence in Scotland, mostly of former Congregationalist Churches. Two former Presbyterian congregations, St Columba's, Cambridge (founded in 1879), and St Columba's, Oxford (founded as a chaplaincy by the PCofE and the Church of Scotland in 1908 and as a congregation of the PCofE in 1929), continue as congregations of the URC and university chaplaincies of the Church of Scotland. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to the British Isles. Presbyterian churches derive their name from the presbyterian form of church government, which is governed by representative assemblies of elders. Many Reformed churches are organized this way, but the word "Presbyterian," when capitalized, is often applied uniquely to the churches that trace their roots to the Scottish and English churches that bore that name and English political groups that formed during the English Civil War. Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God, the authority of the Scriptures, and the necessity of grace through faith in Christ. Presbyterian church government was ensured in Scotland by the Acts of Union in 1707 which created the kingdom of Great Britain. In fact, most Presbyterians found in England can trace a Scottish connection, and the Presbyterian denomination was also taken to North America mostly by Scots and Scots-Irish immigrants. The Presbyterian denominations in Scotland hold to the theology of John Calvin and his immediate successors, although there are a range of theological views within contemporary Presbyterianism. Local congregations of churches which use presbyterian polity are governed by sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders); a conciliar approach which is found at other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod and general assembly). Title: Mehrete Yesus Evangelical Presbyterian Church Passage: The Mehrete Yesus Evangelical Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in the town of Asmara, Eritrea in 1995. "Mahrete yesus" means Compassion of Jesus. The church endured much turmoil. A Seminary was also founded. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: However, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 the Church of Scotland was finally unequivocally recognised as a Presbyterian institution by the monarch due to Scottish Presbyterian support for the aforementioned revolution and the Acts of Union 1707 between Scotland and England guaranteed the Church of Scotland's form of government. However, legislation by the United Kingdom parliament allowing patronage led to splits in the Church. In 1733, a group of ministers seceded from the Church of Scotland to form the Associate Presbytery, another group seceded in 1761 to form the Relief Church and the Disruption of 1843 led to the formation of the Free Church of Scotland. Further splits took place, especially over theological issues, but most Presbyterians in Scotland were reunited by 1929 union of the established Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland. Title: Newtown Presbyterian Church Passage: Newtown Presbyterian Church, also known as Old Presbyterian Church of Newtown, is a historic Presbyterian church complex and national historic district in Newtown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Title: First Presbyterian Church (Trenton, New Jersey) Passage: First Presbyterian Church is a historic church at 120 East State Street in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States. Title: South Park Community Church Passage: The South Park Community Church is an historic Carpenter Gothic-style church building located at 600 Hathaway Street in Fairplay, Park County, Colorado. Built in 1874, the church was founded by Presbyterian missionary Sheldon Jackson. Its board and batten siding and lancet windows are typical of Carpenter Gothic churches. Originally the Sheldon Jackson Memorial Chapel, the structure is now the South Park Community (Presbyterian) Church. Title: Presbyterianism Passage: John Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church.	[ "Presbyterianism", "Presbyterianism" ]
2hop__335418_279684	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club was formed in the mid-1960s as an attachment to St Patrick's Marist College Dundas' sports auxiliary for weekend rugby league within the Balmain Junior Rugby League competition. In the mid-1990s the school sports auxiliary ceased to exist and the club was rechristened the Dundas Shamrocks. The club has been a member of the Balmain Junior Rugby League since its inception in the 1960s and provides teams for age groups from under 6's to A-Grade.", "title": "Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Charlotte 49ers represent the NCAA Division I sports teams of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. A founding member of Conference USA (C-USA), Charlotte rejoined the conference in 2013 after spending eight years as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. Previously, Charlotte was a charter member of the Sun Belt Conference and was a member of the Metro Conference.", "title": "Charlotte 49ers" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Catherine Jagiellon was born in Kraków as the youngest daughter of King Sigismund I the Old of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and his wife Bona Sforza of Milan. Catherine became the spouse of King John III of Sweden and mother of the future Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland. After the death of her father in 1548, she and her sisters Anna and Sophia moved to Masovia with their mother. After their mother's departure to Italy in 1558, they lived there alone. The sisters were not close to their brother Sigismund II Augustus of Poland. Catherine could reportedly speak Italian and Latin, and was described as more attractive than Anna, and most marriage suggestions were directed toward her.", "title": "Catherine Jagiellon" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor is a major scene of college sports, most notably at the University of Michigan, a member of the Big Ten Conference. Several well-known college sports facilities exist in the city, including Michigan Stadium, the largest American football stadium in the world. The stadium was completed in 1927 and cost more than $950,000 to build. It has a 109,901 seating capacity after multiple renovations were made. The stadium is colloquially known as \"The Big House\". Crisler Center and Yost Ice Arena play host to the school's basketball (both men's and women's) and ice hockey teams, respectively. Concordia University, a member of the NAIA, also fields sports teams.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket. A popular sport specific to Tuvalu is Ano, which is played with two round balls of 12 cm (5 in) diameter. Ano is a localised version of volleyball, in which the two hard balls made from pandanus leaves are volleyed at great speed with the team members trying to stop the Ano hitting the ground. Traditional sports in the late 19th century were foot racing, lance throwing, quarterstaff fencing and wrestling, although the Christian missionaries disapproved of these activities.", "title": "Tuvalu" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philip III Portrait by Andrés López Polanco King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia; Duke of Milan (more...) Reign 13 September 1598 -- 31 March 1621 Predecessor Philip II and I Successor Philip IV and III 14 April 1578 Madrid, Spain 31 March 1621 (1621 - 03 - 31) (aged 42) Madrid, Spain Burial El Escorial Spouse Margaret of Austria (m. 1599; d. 1611) Issue Anne, Queen of France Philip IV of Spain Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress Infante Charles of Spain Cardinal - Infante Ferdinand House Habsburg Father Philip II of Spain Mother Anna of Austria Religion Roman Catholicism Signature", "title": "Philip III of Spain" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Wesley Schulmerich (August 21, 1901 – June 26, 1985) was an American Major League Baseball player from the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he played baseball and football at what is now Oregon State University where he participated in three sports. On the football team, he played three positions and earned the nickname of Ironhorse and all-conference honors. In baseball, he was a right-handed outfielder and after leaving school started his professional career in the minor leagues. Schulmerich then became the first player from the school to make it to the Major Leagues, playing for three teams in the early 1930s. He is a member of the Oregon State University Sports Hall of Fame and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame.", "title": "Wes Schulmerich" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The biggest news of the 1984 season was that John Mecom, the owner of the team for almost 20 years, was putting them up for sale. Speculation was rife that a new owner might move the Saints out of New Orleans, namely Jacksonville, Florida. But on May 31, 1985, negotiations were finalized to sell the team to Tom Benson, a native New Orleanian who owned numerous car dealerships throughout the New Orleans area. The team's future in New Orleans was safe for the time being.", "title": "History of the New Orleans Saints" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League.", "title": "Vermont Lady Voltage" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Anna Benson (born February 12, 1976) is an American model, former stripper, and ex-wife of former Major League Baseball pitcher Kris Benson.", "title": "Anna Benson" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Carolina State University is located in southwest Raleigh where the Wolfpack competes nationally in 24 intercollegiate varsity sports as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The university's football team plays in Carter-Finley Stadium, the third largest football stadium in North Carolina, while the men's basketball team shares the PNC Arena with the Carolina Hurricanes hockey club. The Wolfpack women's basketball, volleyball, and gymnastics as well as men's wrestling events are held on campus at Reynolds Coliseum. The men's baseball team plays at Doak Field.", "title": "Raleigh, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gale Ann Benson (nee Plugge; 4 November 1944 – 2 January 1972) was a British model, socialite and daughter of Conservative MP Leonard Plugge. She was buried alive and murdered in Trinidad by activist Michael X and members of his Black Power group.", "title": "Gale Benson" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Guillaume (born Robert Peter Williams; November 30, 1927 -- October 24, 2017) was an American actor, known for his role as Isaac Jaffe on Sports Night and as Benson on the TV series Soap and the spin - off Benson, as well as for voicing the mandrill Rafiki in The Lion King. In a career that spanned more than 50 years he worked extensively on stage, television and film. For his efforts he was nominated for a Tony Award for his portrayal of Nathan Detroit in Guys and Dolls, and twice won an Emmy Award for his portrayal of the character Benson DuBois, once in 1979 on Soap and in 1985 on Benson. He also won a Grammy Award in 1995 for his spoken word performance of an audiobook version of The Lion King.", "title": "Robert Guillaume" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benson Junction is an unincorporated community located in southwest Volusia County, Florida, within the city limits of DeBary. It is the former location of the Ox Fibre Brush Company and presently an industrial location. Benson Junction is located just west of U.S. Highway 17-92 (Charles Richard Beall Blvd.), along Benson Junction Road.", "title": "Benson Junction, Florida" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2008, Tom Benson announced that the New Orleans VooDoo were ceasing operations and folding \"based on circumstances currently affecting the league and the team\". Shortly thereafter, an article in Sports Business Journal announced that the AFL had a tentative agreement to sell a $100 million stake in the league to Platinum Equity; in exchange, Platinum Equity would create a centralized, single-entity business model that would streamline league and team operations and allow the league to be more profitable. Benson's move to shut down the VooDoo came during the Platinum Equity conference call, leading to speculation that he had folded because of the deal.", "title": "Arena Football League" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Justin Long as Alvin Seville, leader of the Chipmunks Matthew Gray Gubler as Simon Seville, member of the Chipmunks Jesse McCartney as Theodore Seville, member of the Chipmunks Christina Applegate as Brittany, leader of the Chipettes Anna Faris as Jeanette, member of the Chipettes Kaley Cuoco as Eleanor, member of the Chipettes", "title": "Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A highly touted prospect, Benson was drafted first overall by the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1996. He followed a strong rookie season in 1999 with an even stronger season in 2000, but those would prove to be the two best seasons of his career, as he underwent Tommy John surgery after the 2000 season. He posted three more good seasons from 2004 to 2006 with the Pirates, the New York Mets, and the Baltimore Orioles, but then underwent rotator cuff surgery, after which he was never again an effective Major League pitcher.", "title": "Kris Benson" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "title": "Sacramento Kings" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bennigsen Beavers were established in 1993 as a department of FC Bennigsen, and became an independent sporting team on January 1, 2004. The club fielded 7 teams for the 2005 season, including three men's teams, a women's team, a junior team, a youth team and a student team. As of mid-2005, the Beavers claimed a total of 97 Members.", "title": "Bennigsen Beavers" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jenny Benson (born January 25, 1978, in Fountain Valley, California) is a retired American soccer midfielder/defender who was a member of the United States women's national soccer team.", "title": "Jenny Benson" } ]	What team was Anna Benson's husband on?	Pittsburgh Pirates	[ "Orioles", "Pirates", "Baltimore Orioles", "New York Mets", "Mets" ]	Title: Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club Passage: The Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club was formed in the mid-1960s as an attachment to St Patrick's Marist College Dundas' sports auxiliary for weekend rugby league within the Balmain Junior Rugby League competition. In the mid-1990s the school sports auxiliary ceased to exist and the club was rechristened the Dundas Shamrocks. The club has been a member of the Balmain Junior Rugby League since its inception in the 1960s and provides teams for age groups from under 6's to A-Grade. Title: Wes Schulmerich Passage: Edward Wesley Schulmerich (August 21, 1901 – June 26, 1985) was an American Major League Baseball player from the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he played baseball and football at what is now Oregon State University where he participated in three sports. On the football team, he played three positions and earned the nickname of Ironhorse and all-conference honors. In baseball, he was a right-handed outfielder and after leaving school started his professional career in the minor leagues. Schulmerich then became the first player from the school to make it to the Major Leagues, playing for three teams in the early 1930s. He is a member of the Oregon State University Sports Hall of Fame and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame. Title: Ann Arbor, Michigan Passage: Ann Arbor is a major scene of college sports, most notably at the University of Michigan, a member of the Big Ten Conference. Several well-known college sports facilities exist in the city, including Michigan Stadium, the largest American football stadium in the world. The stadium was completed in 1927 and cost more than $950,000 to build. It has a 109,901 seating capacity after multiple renovations were made. The stadium is colloquially known as "The Big House". Crisler Center and Yost Ice Arena play host to the school's basketball (both men's and women's) and ice hockey teams, respectively. Concordia University, a member of the NAIA, also fields sports teams. Title: Kris Benson Passage: A highly touted prospect, Benson was drafted first overall by the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1996. He followed a strong rookie season in 1999 with an even stronger season in 2000, but those would prove to be the two best seasons of his career, as he underwent Tommy John surgery after the 2000 season. He posted three more good seasons from 2004 to 2006 with the Pirates, the New York Mets, and the Baltimore Orioles, but then underwent rotator cuff surgery, after which he was never again an effective Major League pitcher. Title: Anna Benson Passage: Anna Benson (born February 12, 1976) is an American model, former stripper, and ex-wife of former Major League Baseball pitcher Kris Benson. Title: Gale Benson Passage: Gale Ann Benson (nee Plugge; 4 November 1944 – 2 January 1972) was a British model, socialite and daughter of Conservative MP Leonard Plugge. She was buried alive and murdered in Trinidad by activist Michael X and members of his Black Power group. Title: Catherine Jagiellon Passage: Catherine Jagiellon was born in Kraków as the youngest daughter of King Sigismund I the Old of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and his wife Bona Sforza of Milan. Catherine became the spouse of King John III of Sweden and mother of the future Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland. After the death of her father in 1548, she and her sisters Anna and Sophia moved to Masovia with their mother. After their mother's departure to Italy in 1558, they lived there alone. The sisters were not close to their brother Sigismund II Augustus of Poland. Catherine could reportedly speak Italian and Latin, and was described as more attractive than Anna, and most marriage suggestions were directed toward her. Title: Arena Football League Passage: In October 2008, Tom Benson announced that the New Orleans VooDoo were ceasing operations and folding "based on circumstances currently affecting the league and the team". Shortly thereafter, an article in Sports Business Journal announced that the AFL had a tentative agreement to sell a $100 million stake in the league to Platinum Equity; in exchange, Platinum Equity would create a centralized, single-entity business model that would streamline league and team operations and allow the league to be more profitable. Benson's move to shut down the VooDoo came during the Platinum Equity conference call, leading to speculation that he had folded because of the deal. Title: Vermont Lady Voltage Passage: Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League. Title: Sacramento Kings Passage: The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center. Title: Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip Passage: Justin Long as Alvin Seville, leader of the Chipmunks Matthew Gray Gubler as Simon Seville, member of the Chipmunks Jesse McCartney as Theodore Seville, member of the Chipmunks Christina Applegate as Brittany, leader of the Chipettes Anna Faris as Jeanette, member of the Chipettes Kaley Cuoco as Eleanor, member of the Chipettes Title: Robert Guillaume Passage: Robert Guillaume (born Robert Peter Williams; November 30, 1927 -- October 24, 2017) was an American actor, known for his role as Isaac Jaffe on Sports Night and as Benson on the TV series Soap and the spin - off Benson, as well as for voicing the mandrill Rafiki in The Lion King. In a career that spanned more than 50 years he worked extensively on stage, television and film. For his efforts he was nominated for a Tony Award for his portrayal of Nathan Detroit in Guys and Dolls, and twice won an Emmy Award for his portrayal of the character Benson DuBois, once in 1979 on Soap and in 1985 on Benson. He also won a Grammy Award in 1995 for his spoken word performance of an audiobook version of The Lion King. Title: Bennigsen Beavers Passage: The Bennigsen Beavers were established in 1993 as a department of FC Bennigsen, and became an independent sporting team on January 1, 2004. The club fielded 7 teams for the 2005 season, including three men's teams, a women's team, a junior team, a youth team and a student team. As of mid-2005, the Beavers claimed a total of 97 Members. Title: Tuvalu Passage: A traditional sport played in Tuvalu is kilikiti, which is similar to cricket. A popular sport specific to Tuvalu is Ano, which is played with two round balls of 12 cm (5 in) diameter. Ano is a localised version of volleyball, in which the two hard balls made from pandanus leaves are volleyed at great speed with the team members trying to stop the Ano hitting the ground. Traditional sports in the late 19th century were foot racing, lance throwing, quarterstaff fencing and wrestling, although the Christian missionaries disapproved of these activities. Title: Jenny Benson Passage: Jenny Benson (born January 25, 1978, in Fountain Valley, California) is a retired American soccer midfielder/defender who was a member of the United States women's national soccer team. Title: History of the New Orleans Saints Passage: The biggest news of the 1984 season was that John Mecom, the owner of the team for almost 20 years, was putting them up for sale. Speculation was rife that a new owner might move the Saints out of New Orleans, namely Jacksonville, Florida. But on May 31, 1985, negotiations were finalized to sell the team to Tom Benson, a native New Orleanian who owned numerous car dealerships throughout the New Orleans area. The team's future in New Orleans was safe for the time being. Title: Philip III of Spain Passage: Philip III Portrait by Andrés López Polanco King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia; Duke of Milan (more...) Reign 13 September 1598 -- 31 March 1621 Predecessor Philip II and I Successor Philip IV and III 14 April 1578 Madrid, Spain 31 March 1621 (1621 - 03 - 31) (aged 42) Madrid, Spain Burial El Escorial Spouse Margaret of Austria (m. 1599; d. 1611) Issue Anne, Queen of France Philip IV of Spain Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress Infante Charles of Spain Cardinal - Infante Ferdinand House Habsburg Father Philip II of Spain Mother Anna of Austria Religion Roman Catholicism Signature Title: Raleigh, North Carolina Passage: North Carolina State University is located in southwest Raleigh where the Wolfpack competes nationally in 24 intercollegiate varsity sports as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The university's football team plays in Carter-Finley Stadium, the third largest football stadium in North Carolina, while the men's basketball team shares the PNC Arena with the Carolina Hurricanes hockey club. The Wolfpack women's basketball, volleyball, and gymnastics as well as men's wrestling events are held on campus at Reynolds Coliseum. The men's baseball team plays at Doak Field. Title: Benson Junction, Florida Passage: Benson Junction is an unincorporated community located in southwest Volusia County, Florida, within the city limits of DeBary. It is the former location of the Ox Fibre Brush Company and presently an industrial location. Benson Junction is located just west of U.S. Highway 17-92 (Charles Richard Beall Blvd.), along Benson Junction Road. Title: Charlotte 49ers Passage: The Charlotte 49ers represent the NCAA Division I sports teams of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. A founding member of Conference USA (C-USA), Charlotte rejoined the conference in 2013 after spending eight years as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. Previously, Charlotte was a charter member of the Sun Belt Conference and was a member of the Metro Conference.	[ "Anna Benson", "Kris Benson" ]
2hop__16581_16569	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Postal Service (USPS; also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service) is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, including its insular areas and associated states. It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution.", "title": "United States Postal Service" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many Muslims criticized the Umayyads for having too many non-Muslim, former Roman administrators in their government. St John of Damascus was also a high administrator in the Umayyad administration. As the Muslims took over cities, they left the peoples political representatives and the Roman tax collectors and the administrators. The taxes to the central government were calculated and negotiated by the peoples political representatives. The Central government got paid for the services it provided and the local government got the money for the services it provided. Many Christian cities also used some of the taxes on maintain their churches and run their own organizations. Later the Umayyads were criticized by some Muslims for not reducing the taxes of the people who converted to Islam. These new converts continues to pay the same taxes that were previously negotiated.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland.", "title": "Tajikistan" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rownah is a village in the Emirate of Jizan, Saudi Arabia. It has many basic services, such as schools, paved roads, and water. The population is about 800, mostly from the Almejreba tribe, with a minority from other tribes.", "title": "Rownah" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. After the plague that killed much of the Muslim Army in Syria, by marrying Maysum, Muawiyah started to use the Jacobite Christians, against the Romans. Muawiya's wife Maysum (Yazid's mother) was also a Jacobite Christian. With limited resources and the Byzantine just over the border, Muawiyah worked in cooperation with the local Christian population. To stop Byzantine harassment from the sea during the Arab-Byzantine Wars, in 649 Muawiyah set up a navy; manned by Monophysitise Christians, Copts and Jacobite Syrian Christians sailors and Muslim troops.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Somali Postal Service (Somali Post) is the national postal service of the Federal Government of Somalia. It is part of the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication.", "title": "Communications in Somalia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Land Glacier () is a broad, heavily crevassed glacier, about long, descending into Land Bay in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the U.S. Antarctic Service (1939–41) and named for Rear Admiral Emory S. Land, Chairman of the U.S. Maritime Commission.", "title": "Land Glacier" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With his death, the independent existence of the Yehe tribe came to an end and the last of the Jurchen tribes under the Hūlun (alliance) were brought under the control of Nurhaci, but many of its members, including his descendants, became prominent in the service of Nurhaci and of the succeeding Manchu emperors. Even the Empress Dowager Cixi traced her descent back to the Yehe division of the Nara clan, and recognized Yangginu, the father of Gintaisi, as her great ancestor.", "title": "Gintaisi" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On January 26, 2014, the postal service raised the price of First - class postage stamps to 49 cents. Rates for other mail, including postcards and packages, also increased.", "title": "Postage stamps and postal history of the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ruth Williams Khama, Lady Khama (9 December 1923 – 22 May 2002) was the wife of Botswana's first president Sir Seretse Khama, the Paramount Chief of its Bamangwato tribe. She served as the inaugural First Lady of Botswana from 1966 to 1980.", "title": "Ruth Williams Khama" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The James A. Farley Building is the main United States Postal Service building in New York City. It is located in Midtown Manhattan and was built along with the original Pennsylvania Station in 1912. The building is famous for bearing the United States Postal Service creed: \"Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds.\"", "title": "James A. Farley Building" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for the conveyance of dispatches between the caliph and his agents and officials posted in the provinces. The main highways were divided into stages of 12 miles (19 km) each and each stage had horses, donkeys or camels ready to carry the post. Primarily the service met the needs of Government officials, but travellers and their important dispatches were also benefitted by the system. The postal carriages were also used for the swift transport of troops. They were able to carry fifty to a hundred men at a time. Under Governor Yusuf bin Umar, the postal department of Iraq cost 4,000,000 dirhams a year.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedras de Maria da Cruz is a municipality in the north of the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. As of 2007 the population was 10,976 in an area of 1,520 km². The elevation of the municipal seat is 476 meters. It became a municipality in 1993. The postal code (CEP) is 39492-000 and it belonged to the statistical microregion of Januária", "title": "Pedras de Maria da Cruz" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the Indian Post Office was established in 1837, Asia's first adhesive stamp, the Scinde Dawk, was introduced in 1852 by Sir Bartle Frere, the British East India Company's administrator of the province of Sind. The Indian postal system developed into an extensive, dependable and robust network providing connectivity to almost all parts of India, Burma, the Straits Settlements and other areas controlled by the British East India Company (EIC). Based on the model postal system introduced in England by the reformer, Rowland Hill, efficient postal services were provided at a low cost and enabled the smooth commercial, military and administrative functioning of the EIC and its successor, the British Raj. The Imperial Posts co-existed with the several postal systems maintained by various Indian states, some of which produced stamps for use within their respective dominions, while British Indian postage stamps were required for sending mail beyond the boundaries of these states. Telegraphy and telephony made their appearance as part of the Posts before becoming separate departments. After the Independence of India in 1947, the Indian postal service continues to function on a countrywide basis and provides many valuable, low cost services to the public of India.", "title": "Postage stamps and postal history of India" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India Post A typical Indian Post office in Tamil Nadu Native name India Post भारतीय डाक Type Department under Ministry of Communications of Government of India Industry Postal services, courier Founded 1 April 1854; 164 years ago (1854 - 04 - 01) Headquarters Dak Bhawan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi - 110001 Number of locations 155,015 Key people Ananta Narayan Nanda, IPoS, Secretary, Department of Posts & Chairperson, Postal Services Board Director General, Postal Services Services Letter post, parcel service, EMS, delivery, freight forwarding, third - party logistics, deposit account Revenue ₹129.39 billion (US $1.8 billion) (2016) Net income ₹- 60.07 billion (US $− 840 million) (2016) Number of employees 448,840 (As of 31 March 2016) Website www.indiapost.gov.in", "title": "India Post" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Poste Vaticane is an organization responsible for postal service in Vatican City. The organization is part of the Post and Telegraphy Service.", "title": "Poste Vaticane" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the city of Mecca, their capital was Damascus. Muhammad bin Qasim was the first to bring message of Islam to the population of Punjab.[citation needed] Punjab was part of different Muslim Empires consisting of Afghans and Turkic peoples in co-operation with local Punjabi tribes and others.[citation needed] In the 11th century, during the reign of Mahmud of Ghazni, the province became an important centre with Lahore as its second capital[citation needed] of the Ghaznavid Empire based out of Afghanistan. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region.", "title": "Punjab, Pakistan" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS) since 1963. The term ZIP is an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan; it was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently and quickly (zipping along) when senders use the code in the postal address. The basic format consists of five digits. An extended 'ZIP + 4' code was introduced in 1983 which includes the five digits of the ZIP Code, followed by a hyphen and four additional digits that determine a more specific location.", "title": "ZIP Code" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and General Post Office (GPO), as well as the establishment of 16 branch offices in the capital and 17 in regional bases. As of March 2012, the Somali authorities have re-established Somalia's membership with the Universal Postal Union (UPU), and taken part once again in the Union's affairs. They have also rehabilitated the GPO in Mogadishu, and appointed an official Postal Consultant to provide professional advice on the renovations. Phase II of the rehabilitation project involves the construction of 718 postal outlets from 2014 to 2016. Phase III is slated to begin in 2017, with the objective of creating 897 postal outlets by 2022.", "title": "Communications in Somalia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only to those who participated in battle. On the pattern of the Byzantine system the Umayyads reformed their army organization in general and divided it into five corps: the centre, two wings, vanguards and rearguards, following the same formation while on march or on a battle field. Marwan II (740–50) abandoned the old division and introduced Kurdus (cohort), a small compact body. The Umayyad troops were divided into three divisions: infantry, cavalry and artillery. Arab troops were dressed and armed in Greek fashion. The Umayyad cavalry used plain and round saddles. The artillery used arradah (ballista), manjaniq (the mangonel) and dabbabah or kabsh (the battering ram). The heavy engines, siege machines and baggage were carried on camels behind the army.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" } ]	What tribe did the wife of the person who first brought postal service to Umayyad lands belong to?	Kalb	[]	Title: Ruth Williams Khama Passage: Ruth Williams Khama, Lady Khama (9 December 1923 – 22 May 2002) was the wife of Botswana's first president Sir Seretse Khama, the Paramount Chief of its Bamangwato tribe. She served as the inaugural First Lady of Botswana from 1966 to 1980. Title: Postage stamps and postal history of the United States Passage: On January 26, 2014, the postal service raised the price of First - class postage stamps to 49 cents. Rates for other mail, including postcards and packages, also increased. Title: Pedras de Maria da Cruz Passage: Pedras de Maria da Cruz is a municipality in the north of the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. As of 2007 the population was 10,976 in an area of 1,520 km². The elevation of the municipal seat is 476 meters. It became a municipality in 1993. The postal code (CEP) is 39492-000 and it belonged to the statistical microregion of Januária Title: Tajikistan Passage: The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Many Muslims criticized the Umayyads for having too many non-Muslim, former Roman administrators in their government. St John of Damascus was also a high administrator in the Umayyad administration. As the Muslims took over cities, they left the peoples political representatives and the Roman tax collectors and the administrators. The taxes to the central government were calculated and negotiated by the peoples political representatives. The Central government got paid for the services it provided and the local government got the money for the services it provided. Many Christian cities also used some of the taxes on maintain their churches and run their own organizations. Later the Umayyads were criticized by some Muslims for not reducing the taxes of the people who converted to Islam. These new converts continues to pay the same taxes that were previously negotiated. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Mu'awiyah introduced postal service, Abd al-Malik extended it throughout his empire, and Walid made full use of it. The Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik developed a regular postal service. Umar bin Abdul-Aziz developed it further by building caravanserais at stages along the Khurasan highway. Relays of horses were used for the conveyance of dispatches between the caliph and his agents and officials posted in the provinces. The main highways were divided into stages of 12 miles (19 km) each and each stage had horses, donkeys or camels ready to carry the post. Primarily the service met the needs of Government officials, but travellers and their important dispatches were also benefitted by the system. The postal carriages were also used for the swift transport of troops. They were able to carry fifty to a hundred men at a time. Under Governor Yusuf bin Umar, the postal department of Iraq cost 4,000,000 dirhams a year. Title: ZIP Code Passage: ZIP Codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS) since 1963. The term ZIP is an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan; it was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently and quickly (zipping along) when senders use the code in the postal address. The basic format consists of five digits. An extended 'ZIP + 4' code was introduced in 1983 which includes the five digits of the ZIP Code, followed by a hyphen and four additional digits that determine a more specific location. Title: James A. Farley Building Passage: The James A. Farley Building is the main United States Postal Service building in New York City. It is located in Midtown Manhattan and was built along with the original Pennsylvania Station in 1912. The building is famous for bearing the United States Postal Service creed: "Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds." Title: Land Glacier Passage: The Land Glacier () is a broad, heavily crevassed glacier, about long, descending into Land Bay in Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by the U.S. Antarctic Service (1939–41) and named for Rear Admiral Emory S. Land, Chairman of the U.S. Maritime Commission. Title: Punjab, Pakistan Passage: The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the city of Mecca, their capital was Damascus. Muhammad bin Qasim was the first to bring message of Islam to the population of Punjab.[citation needed] Punjab was part of different Muslim Empires consisting of Afghans and Turkic peoples in co-operation with local Punjabi tribes and others.[citation needed] In the 11th century, during the reign of Mahmud of Ghazni, the province became an important centre with Lahore as its second capital[citation needed] of the Ghaznavid Empire based out of Afghanistan. The Punjab region became predominantly Muslim due to missionary Sufi saints whose dargahs dot the landscape of Punjab region. Title: United States Postal Service Passage: The United States Postal Service (USPS; also known as the Post Office, U.S. Mail, or Postal Service) is an independent agency of the United States federal government responsible for providing postal service in the United States, including its insular areas and associated states. It is one of the few government agencies explicitly authorized by the United States Constitution. Title: Gintaisi Passage: With his death, the independent existence of the Yehe tribe came to an end and the last of the Jurchen tribes under the Hūlun (alliance) were brought under the control of Nurhaci, but many of its members, including his descendants, became prominent in the service of Nurhaci and of the succeeding Manchu emperors. Even the Empress Dowager Cixi traced her descent back to the Yehe division of the Nara clan, and recognized Yangginu, the father of Gintaisi, as her great ancestor. Title: Communications in Somalia Passage: Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and General Post Office (GPO), as well as the establishment of 16 branch offices in the capital and 17 in regional bases. As of March 2012, the Somali authorities have re-established Somalia's membership with the Universal Postal Union (UPU), and taken part once again in the Union's affairs. They have also rehabilitated the GPO in Mogadishu, and appointed an official Postal Consultant to provide professional advice on the renovations. Phase II of the rehabilitation project involves the construction of 718 postal outlets from 2014 to 2016. Phase III is slated to begin in 2017, with the objective of creating 897 postal outlets by 2022. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only to those who participated in battle. On the pattern of the Byzantine system the Umayyads reformed their army organization in general and divided it into five corps: the centre, two wings, vanguards and rearguards, following the same formation while on march or on a battle field. Marwan II (740–50) abandoned the old division and introduced Kurdus (cohort), a small compact body. The Umayyad troops were divided into three divisions: infantry, cavalry and artillery. Arab troops were dressed and armed in Greek fashion. The Umayyad cavalry used plain and round saddles. The artillery used arradah (ballista), manjaniq (the mangonel) and dabbabah or kabsh (the battering ram). The heavy engines, siege machines and baggage were carried on camels behind the army. Title: Postage stamps and postal history of India Passage: Although the Indian Post Office was established in 1837, Asia's first adhesive stamp, the Scinde Dawk, was introduced in 1852 by Sir Bartle Frere, the British East India Company's administrator of the province of Sind. The Indian postal system developed into an extensive, dependable and robust network providing connectivity to almost all parts of India, Burma, the Straits Settlements and other areas controlled by the British East India Company (EIC). Based on the model postal system introduced in England by the reformer, Rowland Hill, efficient postal services were provided at a low cost and enabled the smooth commercial, military and administrative functioning of the EIC and its successor, the British Raj. The Imperial Posts co-existed with the several postal systems maintained by various Indian states, some of which produced stamps for use within their respective dominions, while British Indian postage stamps were required for sending mail beyond the boundaries of these states. Telegraphy and telephony made their appearance as part of the Posts before becoming separate departments. After the Independence of India in 1947, the Indian postal service continues to function on a countrywide basis and provides many valuable, low cost services to the public of India. Title: Communications in Somalia Passage: The Somali Postal Service (Somali Post) is the national postal service of the Federal Government of Somalia. It is part of the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication. Title: India Post Passage: India Post A typical Indian Post office in Tamil Nadu Native name India Post भारतीय डाक Type Department under Ministry of Communications of Government of India Industry Postal services, courier Founded 1 April 1854; 164 years ago (1854 - 04 - 01) Headquarters Dak Bhawan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi - 110001 Number of locations 155,015 Key people Ananta Narayan Nanda, IPoS, Secretary, Department of Posts & Chairperson, Postal Services Board Director General, Postal Services Services Letter post, parcel service, EMS, delivery, freight forwarding, third - party logistics, deposit account Revenue ₹129.39 billion (US $1.8 billion) (2016) Net income ₹- 60.07 billion (US $− 840 million) (2016) Number of employees 448,840 (As of 31 March 2016) Website www.indiapost.gov.in Title: Poste Vaticane Passage: Poste Vaticane is an organization responsible for postal service in Vatican City. The organization is part of the Post and Telegraphy Service. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: With limited resources Muawiyah went about creating allies. Muawiyah married Maysum the daughter of the chief of the Kalb tribe, that was a large Jacobite Christian Arab tribe in Syria. His marriage to Maysum was politically motivated. The Kalb tribe had remained largely neutral when the Muslims first went into Syria. After the plague that killed much of the Muslim Army in Syria, by marrying Maysum, Muawiyah started to use the Jacobite Christians, against the Romans. Muawiya's wife Maysum (Yazid's mother) was also a Jacobite Christian. With limited resources and the Byzantine just over the border, Muawiyah worked in cooperation with the local Christian population. To stop Byzantine harassment from the sea during the Arab-Byzantine Wars, in 649 Muawiyah set up a navy; manned by Monophysitise Christians, Copts and Jacobite Syrian Christians sailors and Muslim troops. Title: Rownah Passage: Rownah is a village in the Emirate of Jizan, Saudi Arabia. It has many basic services, such as schools, paved roads, and water. The population is about 800, mostly from the Almejreba tribe, with a minority from other tribes.	[ "Umayyad Caliphate", "Umayyad Caliphate" ]
2hop__132909_33564	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the company's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control.", "title": "East India Company" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries. Founded as Vestergaard Frandsen in 1957 as a uniform maker, the company evolved into a social enterprise making products for humanitarian aid in the 1990s. It is now best known for inventing the LifeStraw water filter and the PermaNet mosquito net.", "title": "Vestergaard Frandsen" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "GEPetrol is the national oil company of the Equatorial Guinea. The company was founded in 2002 after the writing of a presidential decree. The company reports to the Ministry of Mines, Industry and Energy. GEPetrol's director is Antonio Engonga Oburu. The company maintains offices in Malabo and in London.", "title": "GEPetrol" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1892, the brand Poggenpohl was established as a white lacquer furniture company founded by Freidemir Poggenpohl. Poggenpohl was successful with introducing ergonomic work-top heights, and storage innovations aimed at improving the kitchen. In 1923, Poggenpohl introduced a free-standing commodious cupboard called \"The Ideal\" which was also adopted by American cabinet manufacturer Kitchen Maid. The Poggenpohl cupboard was the forerunner of \"The Fitted Kitchen\" in the \"Era of the Commodious Cupboard\". The company continued to create new products and techniques; in 1928, it introduced the reform kitchen, a significant innovation in the industry, and in 1930, it created the 'ten-layer polished lacquer technique'.", "title": "Poggenpohl" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hale & Kilburn company of Philadelphia was a furniture manufacturing company founded by Henry S. Hale and Cheney Kilburn. The Hale & Kilburn company's primary business was the production of railroad car seats for the greatly expanding American railroad companies. The Hale & Kilburn company was sold to J.P. Morgan & Co. in 1911 for $9 million.", "title": "Hale & Kilburn" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hamaar Sautan Hamaar Saheli follows the journey of two women in rural North India. Chanda is a lively tribal girl who is forcefully married off by her alcoholic father to the elder, womanizing Thakur Nirbhay Singh. After marriage, Chanda discovers that Nirbhay is already married to the docile and submissive Asha. This is a story of how the two women unite to fight against the man who has deceived them both.", "title": "Hamaar Sautan Hamaar Saheli" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nirbhay (Sanskrit:\"Dauntless/Fearless\") is a long range, all-weather, subsonic cruise missile designed and developed in India by the Defence Research and Development Organisation. The missile can be launched from multiple platforms and is capable of carrying conventional and nuclear warheads. It is currently under development and undergoing flight trials.", "title": "Nirbhay" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name \"City of Pearls\" and up until the 18th century, the city was also the only global trading centre for large diamonds. Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Bharat Electronics (BEL), Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) and Andhra Bank (AB) were established in the city. The city is home to Hyderabad Securities formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE), and houses the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In 2013, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) facility in Hyderabad was forecast to provide operations and transactions services to BSE-Mumbai by the end of 2014. The growth of the financial services sector has helped Hyderabad evolve from a traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre. Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services (ITES), insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail.", "title": "Hyderabad" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Mother Riley's Circus is a 1941 British comedy film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Arthur Lucan, Kitty McShane and John Longden. Old Mother Riley takes over a struggling circus and makes a huge success of it. The trade ad poster proclaims, \"A LAUGH - A YELL - A ROAR - A LUCANQUAKE!\" The film was made at the Rock Studios in Elstree by British National Films. It was the final film by Bentley, who had been a leading British director during the silent era and early sound era.", "title": "Old Mother Riley's Circus" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several smaller record companies, which, ultimately, transformed into one enterprise known as SME. In the depths of the Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company (founded in 1888) in the U.S. (including its Okeh Records subsidiary) was acquired by ARC in 1934.", "title": "Sony Music" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Ware, M.D., F.R.S. (1756–1815) was an English eye surgeon, and Fellow of the Royal Society, who practiced in London during the Georgian era. He is considered one of the founding fathers of modern ophthalmology in Britain.", "title": "James Ware (ophthalmologist)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812. The era saw the collapse of the Federalist Party and an end to the bitter partisan disputes between it and the dominant Democratic - Republican Party during the First Party System. President James Monroe strove to downplay partisan affiliation in making his nominations, with the ultimate goal of national unity and eliminating parties altogether from national politics. The period is so closely associated with Monroe's presidency (1817 -- 1825) and his administrative goals that his name and the era are virtually synonymous.", "title": "Era of Good Feelings" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 1930s, record companies began issuing collections of 78 rpm records by one performer or of one type of music in specially assembled albums, typically with artwork on the front cover and liner notes on the back or inside cover. Most albums included three or four records, with two sides each, making six or eight tunes per album. When the 12-inch vinyl LP era began in 1949, the single record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and was still often referred to as an \"album\".", "title": "Phonograph record" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North British and Mercantile Insurance Company was a British-based company founded in 1809 in Edinburgh and absorbed as a subsidiary of the Commercial Union in 1959. The company was also known as the North British Insurance Company, North British Fire Office and North British Fire Insurance Company.", "title": "North British and Mercantile Insurance" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Part of a series on the History of the NHL National Hockey League Founding (1917 -- 1942) Original Six (1942 -- 1967) Expansion era (1967 -- 1992) Modern era (1992 -- present) Ice hockey portal", "title": "Original Six" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nydalens Compagnie was a company in Nydalen, Oslo, Norway. It was founded in 1845 as a textile manufacturer, and from 1963 to 1998 it was a real estate company.", "title": "Nydalens Compagnie" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ella Spira is a composer based in London, United Kingdom. Spira co-founded the Production Company 'Sisters Grimm', alongside former Royal Ballet ballerina Pietra Mello-Pittman. Spira writes and composes music for ballet and film, and also works as an arranger making dance remixes for popular UK artists. She was born in Gloucester, and was mentored by film composer David Arnold.", "title": "Ella Spira" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cellius (株式会社セリウス \"Kabushiki-Gaisha Seriusu\"), located in Shibuya, Tokyo, was a computer game developer founded in 2007 as a venture between Sony and Bandai Namco Holdings. The aim of the company is to \"help take share from Microsoft Corp. and Nintendo Co.\" Sony hopes that the company will make up for the losses it made during quarter two of its financial year. 'Father of the PlayStation' Ken Kutaragi was announced as CEO.", "title": "Cellius" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A National School of Drama, New Delhi alumnus, Om Shivpuri became the first chief of the National School of Drama Repertory Company (1964) and one of its actors; he later founded an important theatre group of its era, in New Delhi: Dishantar.", "title": "Om Shivpuri" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "GeminiJets is a diecast model airplane manufacturer based in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States founded in 1998 under the name of SkyJets. The product line is named GeminiJets, but ADI (Airliners Distributing Inc.) is the founding company holding the production licenses from airlines and aircraft manufacturers, including but not limited to Boeing, Airbus, McDonnell Douglas, and Embraer. ADI makes and markets aircraft in several different scales.", "title": "GeminiJets" } ]	During which era was the company that makes Nirbhay founded?	From the 1950s to the 1970s	[]	Title: GEPetrol Passage: GEPetrol is the national oil company of the Equatorial Guinea. The company was founded in 2002 after the writing of a presidential decree. The company reports to the Ministry of Mines, Industry and Energy. GEPetrol's director is Antonio Engonga Oburu. The company maintains offices in Malabo and in London. Title: GeminiJets Passage: GeminiJets is a diecast model airplane manufacturer based in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States founded in 1998 under the name of SkyJets. The product line is named GeminiJets, but ADI (Airliners Distributing Inc.) is the founding company holding the production licenses from airlines and aircraft manufacturers, including but not limited to Boeing, Airbus, McDonnell Douglas, and Embraer. ADI makes and markets aircraft in several different scales. Title: Sony Music Passage: In 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several smaller record companies, which, ultimately, transformed into one enterprise known as SME. In the depths of the Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company (founded in 1888) in the U.S. (including its Okeh Records subsidiary) was acquired by ARC in 1934. Title: Nydalens Compagnie Passage: Nydalens Compagnie was a company in Nydalen, Oslo, Norway. It was founded in 1845 as a textile manufacturer, and from 1963 to 1998 it was a real estate company. Title: Era of Good Feelings Passage: The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812. The era saw the collapse of the Federalist Party and an end to the bitter partisan disputes between it and the dominant Democratic - Republican Party during the First Party System. President James Monroe strove to downplay partisan affiliation in making his nominations, with the ultimate goal of national unity and eliminating parties altogether from national politics. The period is so closely associated with Monroe's presidency (1817 -- 1825) and his administrative goals that his name and the era are virtually synonymous. Title: Hamaar Sautan Hamaar Saheli Passage: Hamaar Sautan Hamaar Saheli follows the journey of two women in rural North India. Chanda is a lively tribal girl who is forcefully married off by her alcoholic father to the elder, womanizing Thakur Nirbhay Singh. After marriage, Chanda discovers that Nirbhay is already married to the docile and submissive Asha. This is a story of how the two women unite to fight against the man who has deceived them both. Title: Poggenpohl Passage: In 1892, the brand Poggenpohl was established as a white lacquer furniture company founded by Freidemir Poggenpohl. Poggenpohl was successful with introducing ergonomic work-top heights, and storage innovations aimed at improving the kitchen. In 1923, Poggenpohl introduced a free-standing commodious cupboard called "The Ideal" which was also adopted by American cabinet manufacturer Kitchen Maid. The Poggenpohl cupboard was the forerunner of "The Fitted Kitchen" in the "Era of the Commodious Cupboard". The company continued to create new products and techniques; in 1928, it introduced the reform kitchen, a significant innovation in the industry, and in 1930, it created the 'ten-layer polished lacquer technique'. Title: Ella Spira Passage: Ella Spira is a composer based in London, United Kingdom. Spira co-founded the Production Company 'Sisters Grimm', alongside former Royal Ballet ballerina Pietra Mello-Pittman. Spira writes and composes music for ballet and film, and also works as an arranger making dance remixes for popular UK artists. She was born in Gloucester, and was mentored by film composer David Arnold. Title: James Ware (ophthalmologist) Passage: James Ware, M.D., F.R.S. (1756–1815) was an English eye surgeon, and Fellow of the Royal Society, who practiced in London during the Georgian era. He is considered one of the founding fathers of modern ophthalmology in Britain. Title: Vestergaard Frandsen Passage: Vestergaard is a company headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland that manufactures public health tools for people in developing countries. Founded as Vestergaard Frandsen in 1957 as a uniform maker, the company evolved into a social enterprise making products for humanitarian aid in the 1990s. It is now best known for inventing the LifeStraw water filter and the PermaNet mosquito net. Title: Om Shivpuri Passage: A National School of Drama, New Delhi alumnus, Om Shivpuri became the first chief of the National School of Drama Repertory Company (1964) and one of its actors; he later founded an important theatre group of its era, in New Delhi: Dishantar. Title: Old Mother Riley's Circus Passage: Old Mother Riley's Circus is a 1941 British comedy film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Arthur Lucan, Kitty McShane and John Longden. Old Mother Riley takes over a struggling circus and makes a huge success of it. The trade ad poster proclaims, "A LAUGH - A YELL - A ROAR - A LUCANQUAKE!" The film was made at the Rock Studios in Elstree by British National Films. It was the final film by Bentley, who had been a leading British director during the silent era and early sound era. Title: North British and Mercantile Insurance Passage: The North British and Mercantile Insurance Company was a British-based company founded in 1809 in Edinburgh and absorbed as a subsidiary of the Commercial Union in 1959. The company was also known as the North British Insurance Company, North British Fire Office and North British Fire Insurance Company. Title: Phonograph record Passage: In the 1930s, record companies began issuing collections of 78 rpm records by one performer or of one type of music in specially assembled albums, typically with artwork on the front cover and liner notes on the back or inside cover. Most albums included three or four records, with two sides each, making six or eight tunes per album. When the 12-inch vinyl LP era began in 1949, the single record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and was still often referred to as an "album". Title: Original Six Passage: Part of a series on the History of the NHL National Hockey League Founding (1917 -- 1942) Original Six (1942 -- 1967) Expansion era (1967 -- 1992) Modern era (1992 -- present) Ice hockey portal Title: Cellius Passage: Cellius (株式会社セリウス "Kabushiki-Gaisha Seriusu"), located in Shibuya, Tokyo, was a computer game developer founded in 2007 as a venture between Sony and Bandai Namco Holdings. The aim of the company is to "help take share from Microsoft Corp. and Nintendo Co." Sony hopes that the company will make up for the losses it made during quarter two of its financial year. 'Father of the PlayStation' Ken Kutaragi was announced as CEO. Title: Hyderabad Passage: Hyderabad's role in the pearl trade has given it the name "City of Pearls" and up until the 18th century, the city was also the only global trading centre for large diamonds. Industrialisation began under the Nizams in the late 19th century, helped by railway expansion that connected the city with major ports. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Indian enterprises, such as Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC), Bharat Electronics (BEL), Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) and Andhra Bank (AB) were established in the city. The city is home to Hyderabad Securities formerly known as Hyderabad Stock Exchange (HSE), and houses the regional office of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). In 2013, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) facility in Hyderabad was forecast to provide operations and transactions services to BSE-Mumbai by the end of 2014. The growth of the financial services sector has helped Hyderabad evolve from a traditional manufacturing city to a cosmopolitan industrial service centre. Since the 1990s, the growth of information technology (IT), IT-enabled services (ITES), insurance and financial institutions has expanded the service sector, and these primary economic activities have boosted the ancillary sectors of trade and commerce, transport, storage, communication, real estate and retail. Title: Hale & Kilburn Passage: The Hale & Kilburn company of Philadelphia was a furniture manufacturing company founded by Henry S. Hale and Cheney Kilburn. The Hale & Kilburn company's primary business was the production of railroad car seats for the greatly expanding American railroad companies. The Hale & Kilburn company was sold to J.P. Morgan & Co. in 1911 for $9 million. Title: Nirbhay Passage: Nirbhay (Sanskrit:"Dauntless/Fearless") is a long range, all-weather, subsonic cruise missile designed and developed in India by the Defence Research and Development Organisation. The missile can be launched from multiple platforms and is capable of carrying conventional and nuclear warheads. It is currently under development and undergoing flight trials. Title: East India Company Passage: The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, making it the oldest among several similarly formed European East India Companies. Wealthy merchants and aristocrats owned the company's shares. Initially the government owned no shares and had only indirect control.	[ "Nirbhay", "Hyderabad" ]
2hop__668407_683671	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Empress Dowager Gou (苟太后, personal name unknown) was an empress dowager of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin. Her husband was Fu Xiong (苻雄), the Prince of Donghai and brother of the founding emperor Fu Jiàn. She became empress dowager in 357 after her son Fu Jiān (note different tone) seized power in a coup from his tyrannical cousin Fu Sheng (Fu Jiàn's son) and claimed the title \"Heavenly Prince\" (\"Tian Wang\"). In addition to Fu Jiān, she had at least one other son with Fu Xiong, Fu Shuang (苻雙) the Duke of Zhao.", "title": "Empress Dowager Gou" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sima Yuanxian was the son of Sima Daozi the Prince of Kuaiji, the younger brother of Emperor Xiaowu and son of Emperor Jianwen, and he was born during the reign of his uncle Emperor Xiaowu. When Emperor Xiaowu was murdered by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang in 396, he was succeeded by Emperor An, and Sima Daozi, as the emperor's uncle, became regent. Sima Daozi's trusted associates Wang Guobao (王國寶) and Wang Xu (王緒), because of their corrupt ways, quickly drew the ires of provincial officials Wang Gong (王恭) and Yin Zhongkan (殷仲堪), and in 397, Wang Gong and Yin started a rebellion, demanding that Wang Guobao and Wang Xu be killed. Sima Daozi, apprehensive of Wang Gong and Yin's power, executed Wang Guobao and Wang Xu, and Wang Gong and Yin withdrew. It was at this juncture that Sima Yuanxian, Sima Daozi's heir apparent, who was 15 but considered intelligent and capable, warned Sima Daozi that Wang Gong and Yin would one day again rebel. Sima Daozi, trusting his son, entrusted Sima Yuanxian with his personal guards.", "title": "Sima Yuanxian" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Li Kuangwei (李匡威) (d. 893) was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who controlled Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing) after inherited it from his father Li Quanzhong in 886, until he was overthrown by his brother Li Kuangchou in 893. After he was overthrown, he resided briefly at the domain of his ally Wang Rong the military governor of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei). He subsequently tried to seize control of the circuit from Wang, but was killed by Chengde soldiers faithful to Wang.", "title": "Li Kuangwei" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Empress Dowager Wang (王太后, personal name unknown) (died 928) was a concubine of the late-Tang Dynasty warlord Yang Xingmi and the mother of his son Yang Pu, the final ruler and the only emperor of the Wu state founded upon the territory that Yang Xingmi took. During Yang Pu's reign as emperor, she was honored as empress dowager.", "title": "Empress Dowager Wang (Rui)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philip III Portrait by Andrés López Polanco King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia; Duke of Milan (more...) Reign 13 September 1598 -- 31 March 1621 Predecessor Philip II and I Successor Philip IV and III 14 April 1578 Madrid, Spain 31 March 1621 (1621 - 03 - 31) (aged 42) Madrid, Spain Burial El Escorial Spouse Margaret of Austria (m. 1599; d. 1611) Issue Anne, Queen of France Philip IV of Spain Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress Infante Charles of Spain Cardinal - Infante Ferdinand House Habsburg Father Philip II of Spain Mother Anna of Austria Religion Roman Catholicism Signature", "title": "Philip III of Spain" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wang Lin (born March 30, 1989 in Hangzhou) is a badminton player from China. Wang Lin was crowned the world champion after winning the gold medal at the 2010 BWF World Championships held at Paris defeating fellow Chinese Wang Xin 21-11, 19-21, 21-13.", "title": "Wang Lin (badminton)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saint Cunigunde of Luxembourg, OSB (c. 975 – 3 March 1040), also called Cunegundes, Cunegunda, and Cunegonda and, in Latin, Cunegundis or Kinigundis, was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Saint Henry II. She served as interim Regent after the death of her spouse in 1024. She is a Roman Catholic saint and the Patroness of Luxembourg and Lithuania; her feast day is 3 March.", "title": "Cunigunde of Luxembourg" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": ", also known as , the eldest daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga, was Empress of Japan from c. 1000 to c. 1011. Her father sent her to live in the Emperor Ichijō's harem at age 12. Because of his power, influence and political machinations she quickly achieved the status of . As empress she was able to surround herself with a court of talented and educated ladies-in-waiting such as Murasaki Shikibu, author of \"The Tale of Genji\".", "title": "Empress Shōshi" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Empress Gou (苟皇后, personal name unknown) was an empress of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin. Her husband was Fu Jiān, who created her empress in 355 after seizing the throne from his violent and cruel cousin Fu Sheng even though he claimed only the title of \"Heavenly Prince\" (\"Tian Wang\").", "title": "Empress Gou" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Last Empress is a historical novel by Anchee Min that provides a sympathetic account of the life of Empress Dowager Cixi (referred to as Empress Orchid), from her rise to power as Empress Tzu-Hsi, until her death at 72 years of age. Akin to the bestselling and preceding novel in the series Empress Orchid, names within the story are different in spelling but retain the same pronunciation - allowing the reader to identify each relevant character to his or her real life counterpart.", "title": "The Last Empress (novel)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Empress of Mijak (known as Empress in North America and the United Kingdom) is the first novel in the \"Godspeaker\" series by Karen Miller.", "title": "Empress of Mijak" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wang Yacheng (王亞澄) (d. 944), formally the Prince of Min (閩王), was an imperial prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. He was the only historically-known son of its fifth ruler Wang Yanxi (also known as Wang Xi, Emperor Jingzong).", "title": "Wang Yacheng" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Empress Dowager Xu (徐太后, personal name unknown) (died 926), honored as Empress Dowager Shunsheng (順聖太后) during the reign of her son Wang Yan (né Wang Zongyan), known as Consort Xu with the imperial consort rank \"Xianfei\" (徐賢妃) during the reign of her husband Wang Jian, was an empress dowager of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu. She was one of the favorite concubines of Wang Jian, the founder of Former Shu, and through her palace machinations was able to have her son Wang Yan (who was then named Wang Zongyan) made Wang Jian's heir. She was described as beautiful and capable of writing poems, but corrupt. After Former Shu's destruction by Later Tang, she, her son, as well as the rest of the Former Shu imperial family, were executed by Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang.", "title": "Empress Dowager Xu" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Geng Jimao or Keng Chi-mao (; died 1671) was a Chinese prince and military leader, inheriting the title of \"Jingnan Prince\" (Jingnan wang [靖南王] meaning \"Prince who pacifies the South\") from his father Geng Zhongming, along with his lands, and passing it on, in his turn to his son Geng Jingzhong.", "title": "Geng Jimao" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Princess Pingyang (平陽公主) was the eldest daughter of Emperor Jing of Han and his second empress, Empress Wang Zhi, as well as Emperor Wu's most well-known older sister. Her official title was actually Eldest Princess Yangxin (陽信長公主), but because she married Cao Shi (曹时, also known as Cao Shou 曹寿), the Marquess of Pingyang (平陽侯), she was generally referred to as Princess Pingyang after her husband's enfeoffment.", "title": "Princess Pingyang (Han dynasty)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jin Feishan (; died 926) was an empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu. She was the second wife of Former Shu's last emperor Wang Yan (né Wang Zongyan).", "title": "Jin Feishan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Empress Qiang (強皇后, personal name unknown) (died 356), formally Empress Mingde (明德皇后, literally \"the understanding and virtuous empress\"), was an empress of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin. Her husband was Former Qin's founding emperor, Fu Jiàn (Emperor Jingming).", "title": "Empress Qiang" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wang Shen'ai was the daughter of the official Wang Xianzhi, the son of the famed official and calligrapher Wang Xizhi. Her mother Princess Xin'an was the daughter of Emperor Jianwen, making her and her husband cousins. In 396, while he was still crown prince under his father Emperor Xiaowu, they married, and she became crown empress. She was 12, and he was 14. As he was described to be so developmentally disabled that he could not speak or dress himself, or express whether he was full or hungry, it was unlikely that their marriage was consummated; in any case, they had no children. Later that year, after Emperor Xiaowu was killed by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang after humiliating her, Emperor An became emperor. In 397, she was created empress.", "title": "Wang Shen'ai" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Empress Wang (王皇后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (讓皇后, \"empress of the emperor who yielded\") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu.", "title": "Empress Wang (Yang Pu)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wang Yuanji (217–268) was the wife of Sima Zhao, a regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She became the empress dowager during the reign of her son Sima Yan, who ended the Wei regime and founded the Jin dynasty. She was posthumously honoured as \"Empress Wenming\" (literally \"civil and understanding empress\") after her death.", "title": "Wang Yuanji" } ]	Who is the father of Empress Wang's husband?	Yang Xingmi	[]	Title: Empress Dowager Xu Passage: Empress Dowager Xu (徐太后, personal name unknown) (died 926), honored as Empress Dowager Shunsheng (順聖太后) during the reign of her son Wang Yan (né Wang Zongyan), known as Consort Xu with the imperial consort rank "Xianfei" (徐賢妃) during the reign of her husband Wang Jian, was an empress dowager of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu. She was one of the favorite concubines of Wang Jian, the founder of Former Shu, and through her palace machinations was able to have her son Wang Yan (who was then named Wang Zongyan) made Wang Jian's heir. She was described as beautiful and capable of writing poems, but corrupt. After Former Shu's destruction by Later Tang, she, her son, as well as the rest of the Former Shu imperial family, were executed by Emperor Zhuangzong of Later Tang. Title: Li Kuangwei Passage: Li Kuangwei (李匡威) (d. 893) was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who controlled Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing) after inherited it from his father Li Quanzhong in 886, until he was overthrown by his brother Li Kuangchou in 893. After he was overthrown, he resided briefly at the domain of his ally Wang Rong the military governor of Chengde Circuit (成德, headquartered in modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei). He subsequently tried to seize control of the circuit from Wang, but was killed by Chengde soldiers faithful to Wang. Title: Wang Shen'ai Passage: Wang Shen'ai was the daughter of the official Wang Xianzhi, the son of the famed official and calligrapher Wang Xizhi. Her mother Princess Xin'an was the daughter of Emperor Jianwen, making her and her husband cousins. In 396, while he was still crown prince under his father Emperor Xiaowu, they married, and she became crown empress. She was 12, and he was 14. As he was described to be so developmentally disabled that he could not speak or dress himself, or express whether he was full or hungry, it was unlikely that their marriage was consummated; in any case, they had no children. Later that year, after Emperor Xiaowu was killed by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang after humiliating her, Emperor An became emperor. In 397, she was created empress. Title: Empress Gou Passage: Empress Gou (苟皇后, personal name unknown) was an empress of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin. Her husband was Fu Jiān, who created her empress in 355 after seizing the throne from his violent and cruel cousin Fu Sheng even though he claimed only the title of "Heavenly Prince" ("Tian Wang"). Title: The Last Empress (novel) Passage: The Last Empress is a historical novel by Anchee Min that provides a sympathetic account of the life of Empress Dowager Cixi (referred to as Empress Orchid), from her rise to power as Empress Tzu-Hsi, until her death at 72 years of age. Akin to the bestselling and preceding novel in the series Empress Orchid, names within the story are different in spelling but retain the same pronunciation - allowing the reader to identify each relevant character to his or her real life counterpart. Title: Empress Qiang Passage: Empress Qiang (強皇后, personal name unknown) (died 356), formally Empress Mingde (明德皇后, literally "the understanding and virtuous empress"), was an empress of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin. Her husband was Former Qin's founding emperor, Fu Jiàn (Emperor Jingming). Title: Sima Yuanxian Passage: Sima Yuanxian was the son of Sima Daozi the Prince of Kuaiji, the younger brother of Emperor Xiaowu and son of Emperor Jianwen, and he was born during the reign of his uncle Emperor Xiaowu. When Emperor Xiaowu was murdered by his concubine Honoured Lady Zhang in 396, he was succeeded by Emperor An, and Sima Daozi, as the emperor's uncle, became regent. Sima Daozi's trusted associates Wang Guobao (王國寶) and Wang Xu (王緒), because of their corrupt ways, quickly drew the ires of provincial officials Wang Gong (王恭) and Yin Zhongkan (殷仲堪), and in 397, Wang Gong and Yin started a rebellion, demanding that Wang Guobao and Wang Xu be killed. Sima Daozi, apprehensive of Wang Gong and Yin's power, executed Wang Guobao and Wang Xu, and Wang Gong and Yin withdrew. It was at this juncture that Sima Yuanxian, Sima Daozi's heir apparent, who was 15 but considered intelligent and capable, warned Sima Daozi that Wang Gong and Yin would one day again rebel. Sima Daozi, trusting his son, entrusted Sima Yuanxian with his personal guards. Title: Empress Wang (Yang Pu) Passage: Empress Wang (王皇后, personal name unknown), known as Empress Rang (讓皇后, "empress of the emperor who yielded") during Southern Tang, was the wife and empress of Yang Pu (Emperor Rui), the final ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu. As he was the only ruler who claimed the title of emperor, she was the only person to carry the title of empress during Wu. Title: Empress of Mijak Passage: Empress of Mijak (known as Empress in North America and the United Kingdom) is the first novel in the "Godspeaker" series by Karen Miller. Title: Jin Feishan Passage: Jin Feishan (; died 926) was an empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Former Shu. She was the second wife of Former Shu's last emperor Wang Yan (né Wang Zongyan). Title: Empress Shōshi Passage: , also known as , the eldest daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga, was Empress of Japan from c. 1000 to c. 1011. Her father sent her to live in the Emperor Ichijō's harem at age 12. Because of his power, influence and political machinations she quickly achieved the status of . As empress she was able to surround herself with a court of talented and educated ladies-in-waiting such as Murasaki Shikibu, author of "The Tale of Genji". Title: Geng Jimao Passage: Geng Jimao or Keng Chi-mao (; died 1671) was a Chinese prince and military leader, inheriting the title of "Jingnan Prince" (Jingnan wang [靖南王] meaning "Prince who pacifies the South") from his father Geng Zhongming, along with his lands, and passing it on, in his turn to his son Geng Jingzhong. Title: Wang Lin (badminton) Passage: Wang Lin (born March 30, 1989 in Hangzhou) is a badminton player from China. Wang Lin was crowned the world champion after winning the gold medal at the 2010 BWF World Championships held at Paris defeating fellow Chinese Wang Xin 21-11, 19-21, 21-13. Title: Empress Dowager Gou Passage: Empress Dowager Gou (苟太后, personal name unknown) was an empress dowager of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin. Her husband was Fu Xiong (苻雄), the Prince of Donghai and brother of the founding emperor Fu Jiàn. She became empress dowager in 357 after her son Fu Jiān (note different tone) seized power in a coup from his tyrannical cousin Fu Sheng (Fu Jiàn's son) and claimed the title "Heavenly Prince" ("Tian Wang"). In addition to Fu Jiān, she had at least one other son with Fu Xiong, Fu Shuang (苻雙) the Duke of Zhao. Title: Princess Pingyang (Han dynasty) Passage: Princess Pingyang (平陽公主) was the eldest daughter of Emperor Jing of Han and his second empress, Empress Wang Zhi, as well as Emperor Wu's most well-known older sister. Her official title was actually Eldest Princess Yangxin (陽信長公主), but because she married Cao Shi (曹时, also known as Cao Shou 曹寿), the Marquess of Pingyang (平陽侯), she was generally referred to as Princess Pingyang after her husband's enfeoffment. Title: Wang Yuanji Passage: Wang Yuanji (217–268) was the wife of Sima Zhao, a regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She became the empress dowager during the reign of her son Sima Yan, who ended the Wei regime and founded the Jin dynasty. She was posthumously honoured as "Empress Wenming" (literally "civil and understanding empress") after her death. Title: Wang Yacheng Passage: Wang Yacheng (王亞澄) (d. 944), formally the Prince of Min (閩王), was an imperial prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. He was the only historically-known son of its fifth ruler Wang Yanxi (also known as Wang Xi, Emperor Jingzong). Title: Philip III of Spain Passage: Philip III Portrait by Andrés López Polanco King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia; Duke of Milan (more...) Reign 13 September 1598 -- 31 March 1621 Predecessor Philip II and I Successor Philip IV and III 14 April 1578 Madrid, Spain 31 March 1621 (1621 - 03 - 31) (aged 42) Madrid, Spain Burial El Escorial Spouse Margaret of Austria (m. 1599; d. 1611) Issue Anne, Queen of France Philip IV of Spain Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress Infante Charles of Spain Cardinal - Infante Ferdinand House Habsburg Father Philip II of Spain Mother Anna of Austria Religion Roman Catholicism Signature Title: Empress Dowager Wang (Rui) Passage: Empress Dowager Wang (王太后, personal name unknown) (died 928) was a concubine of the late-Tang Dynasty warlord Yang Xingmi and the mother of his son Yang Pu, the final ruler and the only emperor of the Wu state founded upon the territory that Yang Xingmi took. During Yang Pu's reign as emperor, she was honored as empress dowager. Title: Cunigunde of Luxembourg Passage: Saint Cunigunde of Luxembourg, OSB (c. 975 – 3 March 1040), also called Cunegundes, Cunegunda, and Cunegonda and, in Latin, Cunegundis or Kinigundis, was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire by marriage to Holy Roman Emperor Saint Henry II. She served as interim Regent after the death of her spouse in 1024. She is a Roman Catholic saint and the Patroness of Luxembourg and Lithuania; her feast day is 3 March.	[ "Empress Dowager Wang (Rui)", "Empress Wang (Yang Pu)" ]
2hop__72118_83769	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Freshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers.", "title": "Dazed and Confused (film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎ ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. Gadot is primarily known for her role as Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe. She started with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), continued again in 2017 as the lead in Wonder Woman, and will reprise the role in Justice League. She previously appeared as Gisele Yashar in several films of The Fast and the Furious franchise.", "title": "Gal Gadot" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎ ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. Gadot is primarily known for her role as Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe, starting with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), continuing again in 2017 as the lead in Wonder Woman and will reprise the role in Justice League. She previously appeared as Gisele Yashar in several films of The Fast and the Furious franchise.", "title": "Gal Gadot" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Justice League is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Zack Snyder, with a screenplay by Chris Terrio and Joss Whedon, from a story by Terrio and Snyder, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, Ray Fisher, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J.K. Simmons. In Justice League, the superhero team, consisting of Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg forms to honor the memory of Superman and to save earth from the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons.", "title": "Justice League (film)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joseph Jason Namakaeha Momoa (born August 1, 1979) is an American actor. He played Aquaman in the DC Extended Universe, beginning with the 2016 superhero film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, and in the 2017 ensemble Justice League and his 2018 solo film Aquaman. In Baywatch Hawaii, he portrayed Lifeguard Jason Ioane. On television, he played Ronon Dex on the military science fiction television series Stargate Atlantis (2004–2009), Khal Drogo in the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones (2011–2019), and Declan Harp in the CBC series Frontier (2016–present).", "title": "Jason Momoa" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lego Batman Movie is a 2017 3D computer - animated superhero comedy film, produced by Warner Animation Group. It was directed by Chris McKay, and written by Seth Grahame - Smith, Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Jared Stern and John Whittington, and produced by Dan Lin, Roy Lee, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller. Based on the Lego Batman toy line, the film is an international co-production of the United States, Australia, and Denmark, and the first spin - off installment of The Lego Movie franchise. The story focuses on the DC Comics character Batman as he attempts to overcome his greatest fear to stop The Joker's latest plan, with Will Arnett reprising his role as Batman for the film, along with Zach Galifianakis, Michael Cera, Rosario Dawson, and Ralph Fiennes.", "title": "The Lego Batman Movie" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman. Directed by Zack Snyder and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, the film is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) following 2013's Man of Steel. It was written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Jesse Eisenberg, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Jeremy Irons, Holly Hunter and Gal Gadot. Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is the first live - action film to feature Batman and Superman together, as well as the first live - action cinematic portrayal of Wonder Woman, Aquaman, Flash and Cyborg. In the film, criminal mastermind Lex Luthor manipulates Batman into a preemptive battle with Superman, whom Luthor is obsessed with defeating.", "title": "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman. Directed by Zack Snyder, it is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU), following 2013's Man of Steel. It was written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Jesse Eisenberg, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Jeremy Irons, Holly Hunter, and Gal Gadot. Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is the first live - action film to feature Batman and Superman together, as well as the first live - action cinematic portrayal of Wonder Woman. In the film, criminal mastermind Lex Luthor (Eisenberg) manipulates Batman (Affleck) into a preemptive battle with Superman (Cavill), who Luthor is obsessed with defeating.", "title": "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sadie Plant left the University of Warwick in 1997 to write full-time. She published a cultural history of drug use and control, and a report on the social effects of mobile phones, as well as articles in publications as varied as the \"Financial Times\", \"Wired\", \"Blueprint\", and \"Dazed and Confused\". She published the book Z\"eros + Ones\" in 1997, in which she reveals how women's role in programming have been overlooked. She was interviewed as one of the 'People to Watch' in the Winter 2000–2001 issue of \"Time\".", "title": "Sadie Plant" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Batman Beyond (known as Batman of the Future in Latin America, Europe, Asia and Australia) is an American animated television series developed by Bruce Timm, Paul Dini, and Alan Burnett and produced by Warner Bros. Animation in collaboration with DC Comics as a continuation of the Batman legacy. Depicting a teenaged Batman in a futuristic Gotham City under the tutelage of an elderly Bruce Wayne, the series began airing on January 10, 1999, and ended its run on December 18, 2002. After 52 episodes spanning three seasons and one direct-to-video , the series was put on hold for the \"Justice League\" animated series, despite the network having announced plans for a fourth season.", "title": "Batman Beyond" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎ ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. Gadot is primarily known for her role as Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe. She started with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), continued again in 2017 as the lead in Wonder Woman, and will reprise the role in Justice League.", "title": "Gal Gadot" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. She is famous for portraying Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe, starting with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), then the solo film Wonder Woman and latest film Justice League (both released in 2017). She also starred as Gisele Yashar in three The Fast and the Furious films.", "title": "Gal Gadot" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman. It is the follow-up to 2013's Man of Steel and the second installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Zack Snyder, written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Jesse Eisenberg, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Jeremy Irons, Holly Hunter, and Gal Gadot. Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is the first live-action film to feature Batman and Superman together, as well as the first live-action cinematic portrayal of Wonder Woman. In the film, criminal mastermind Lex Luthor manipulates Batman into a preemptive battle with Superman, whom Luthor is obsessed with.", "title": "Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman: A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons.", "title": "Justice League (film)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Justice League is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the follow - up to 2016's Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Zack Snyder, written by Chris Terrio and Joss Whedon, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, and Ray Fisher as the titular team, with Amy Adams, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J.K. Simmons in supporting roles. In the film, Batman and Wonder Woman recruit The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg after Superman's death to save the world from the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons.", "title": "Justice League (film)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glenn Justice Chapman (January 21, 1906, in Cambridge City, Indiana – November 5, 1988, in Richmond, Indiana) was an American Major League Baseball player. Nicknamed \"Pete\", he played in 67 games for the Brooklyn Dodgers during the 1934 season.", "title": "Glenn Chapman" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film was announced in October 2014, with Snyder on board to direct and Terrio attached to write the script. Initially titled Justice League Part One, with a second part to follow in 2019, the second film was indefinitely delayed to accommodate a standalone Batman film with Affleck. Principal photography commenced in April 2016 and ended in October 2016. After Snyder stepped down to deal with the death of his daughter, Joss Whedon was hired to oversee the remainder of post-production, including directing additional scenes written by himself; Snyder retained sole directorial credit, while Whedon received a screenwriting credit. Justice League premiered in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was released in the United States in 2D, Real D 3D, and IMAX on November 17, 2017.", "title": "Justice League (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In March 2014, Momoa joined the dark comedy/thriller indie Sugar Mountain alongside Cary Elwes and Haley Webb; its principal photography was done in Alaska. He also starred as Phillip Kopus, a Ramapough Mountain Indian, on the SundanceTV drama series The Red Road (2014–2015).In June 2014, Momoa was reported to have been cast in the role of Aquaman. He first played the role in a cameo in the superhero film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, marking Aquaman's live action theatrical debut. Momoa played the character in a leading role in the 2017 ensemble film Justice League. He then starred in the Aquaman solo film, which released in late 2018. He also reprised this role in The LEGO Movie 2: The Second Part.In 2014, Momoa portrayed Connor in the Canadian horror action film Wolves, and starred in the sci-fi horror movie Debug; it was written and directed by Momoa's former Stargate Atlantis co-star, British-born Canadian actor David Hewlett. In February 2015, it was announced that he would portray a cannibal in the drama thriller film The Bad Batch. In 2015, Momoa was cast in the Canadian action film Braven, which was released on February 2, 2018.", "title": "Jason Momoa" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mr. Freeze was played by George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach in the original Batman television series, by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 film Batman & Robin, and by Nathan Darrow on the TV series Gotham. He was voiced by Michael Ansara in Batman: The Animated Series, by Clancy Brown in The Batman, and by Maurice LaMarche in the Batman: Arkham video game franchise. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as # 67.", "title": "Mr. Freeze" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lego Batman Movie is a 2017 3D computer - animated superhero comedy film, produced by Warner Animation Group. It was directed by Chris McKay, and written by Seth Grahame - Smith, Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Jared Stern and John Whittington, and produced by Dan Lin, Roy Lee, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller. Based on the Lego Batman toy line, the film is an international co-production of the United States, Australia, and Denmark, and the first spin - off installment of The Lego Movie. The story focuses on the DC Comics character Batman as he attempts to overcome his greatest fear to stop the Joker's latest plan, with Will Arnett reprising his role as Batman for the film, along with Zach Galifianakis, Michael Cera, Rosario Dawson, and Ralph Fiennes.", "title": "The Lego Batman Movie" } ]	Who did the person portraying Batman in the Justice League movie play in Dazed and Confused?	Fred O'Bannion	[]	Title: Gal Gadot Passage: Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎ ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. Gadot is primarily known for her role as Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe, starting with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), continuing again in 2017 as the lead in Wonder Woman and will reprise the role in Justice League. She previously appeared as Gisele Yashar in several films of The Fast and the Furious franchise. Title: Justice League (film) Passage: Justice League is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Zack Snyder, with a screenplay by Chris Terrio and Joss Whedon, from a story by Terrio and Snyder, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, Ray Fisher, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J.K. Simmons. In Justice League, the superhero team, consisting of Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg forms to honor the memory of Superman and to save earth from the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons. Title: Sadie Plant Passage: Sadie Plant left the University of Warwick in 1997 to write full-time. She published a cultural history of drug use and control, and a report on the social effects of mobile phones, as well as articles in publications as varied as the "Financial Times", "Wired", "Blueprint", and "Dazed and Confused". She published the book Z"eros + Ones" in 1997, in which she reveals how women's role in programming have been overlooked. She was interviewed as one of the 'People to Watch' in the Winter 2000–2001 issue of "Time". Title: The Lego Batman Movie Passage: The Lego Batman Movie is a 2017 3D computer - animated superhero comedy film, produced by Warner Animation Group. It was directed by Chris McKay, and written by Seth Grahame - Smith, Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Jared Stern and John Whittington, and produced by Dan Lin, Roy Lee, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller. Based on the Lego Batman toy line, the film is an international co-production of the United States, Australia, and Denmark, and the first spin - off installment of The Lego Movie. The story focuses on the DC Comics character Batman as he attempts to overcome his greatest fear to stop the Joker's latest plan, with Will Arnett reprising his role as Batman for the film, along with Zach Galifianakis, Michael Cera, Rosario Dawson, and Ralph Fiennes. Title: Gal Gadot Passage: Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. She is famous for portraying Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe, starting with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), then the solo film Wonder Woman and latest film Justice League (both released in 2017). She also starred as Gisele Yashar in three The Fast and the Furious films. Title: Mr. Freeze Passage: Mr. Freeze was played by George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach in the original Batman television series, by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 film Batman & Robin, and by Nathan Darrow on the TV series Gotham. He was voiced by Michael Ansara in Batman: The Animated Series, by Clancy Brown in The Batman, and by Maurice LaMarche in the Batman: Arkham video game franchise. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as # 67. Title: Gal Gadot Passage: Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎ ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. Gadot is primarily known for her role as Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe. She started with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), continued again in 2017 as the lead in Wonder Woman, and will reprise the role in Justice League. Title: The Lego Batman Movie Passage: The Lego Batman Movie is a 2017 3D computer - animated superhero comedy film, produced by Warner Animation Group. It was directed by Chris McKay, and written by Seth Grahame - Smith, Chris McKenna, Erik Sommers, Jared Stern and John Whittington, and produced by Dan Lin, Roy Lee, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller. Based on the Lego Batman toy line, the film is an international co-production of the United States, Australia, and Denmark, and the first spin - off installment of The Lego Movie franchise. The story focuses on the DC Comics character Batman as he attempts to overcome his greatest fear to stop The Joker's latest plan, with Will Arnett reprising his role as Batman for the film, along with Zach Galifianakis, Michael Cera, Rosario Dawson, and Ralph Fiennes. Title: Dazed and Confused (film) Passage: Freshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers. Title: Jason Momoa Passage: Joseph Jason Namakaeha Momoa (born August 1, 1979) is an American actor. He played Aquaman in the DC Extended Universe, beginning with the 2016 superhero film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, and in the 2017 ensemble Justice League and his 2018 solo film Aquaman. In Baywatch Hawaii, he portrayed Lifeguard Jason Ioane. On television, he played Ronon Dex on the military science fiction television series Stargate Atlantis (2004–2009), Khal Drogo in the HBO fantasy television series Game of Thrones (2011–2019), and Declan Harp in the CBC series Frontier (2016–present). Title: Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Passage: Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman. It is the follow-up to 2013's Man of Steel and the second installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Zack Snyder, written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Jesse Eisenberg, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Jeremy Irons, Holly Hunter, and Gal Gadot. Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is the first live-action film to feature Batman and Superman together, as well as the first live-action cinematic portrayal of Wonder Woman. In the film, criminal mastermind Lex Luthor manipulates Batman into a preemptive battle with Superman, whom Luthor is obsessed with. Title: Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Passage: Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman. Directed by Zack Snyder, it is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU), following 2013's Man of Steel. It was written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Jesse Eisenberg, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Jeremy Irons, Holly Hunter, and Gal Gadot. Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is the first live - action film to feature Batman and Superman together, as well as the first live - action cinematic portrayal of Wonder Woman. In the film, criminal mastermind Lex Luthor (Eisenberg) manipulates Batman (Affleck) into a preemptive battle with Superman (Cavill), who Luthor is obsessed with defeating. Title: Jason Momoa Passage: In March 2014, Momoa joined the dark comedy/thriller indie Sugar Mountain alongside Cary Elwes and Haley Webb; its principal photography was done in Alaska. He also starred as Phillip Kopus, a Ramapough Mountain Indian, on the SundanceTV drama series The Red Road (2014–2015).In June 2014, Momoa was reported to have been cast in the role of Aquaman. He first played the role in a cameo in the superhero film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, marking Aquaman's live action theatrical debut. Momoa played the character in a leading role in the 2017 ensemble film Justice League. He then starred in the Aquaman solo film, which released in late 2018. He also reprised this role in The LEGO Movie 2: The Second Part.In 2014, Momoa portrayed Connor in the Canadian horror action film Wolves, and starred in the sci-fi horror movie Debug; it was written and directed by Momoa's former Stargate Atlantis co-star, British-born Canadian actor David Hewlett. In February 2015, it was announced that he would portray a cannibal in the drama thriller film The Bad Batch. In 2015, Momoa was cast in the Canadian action film Braven, which was released on February 2, 2018. Title: Justice League (film) Passage: The film was announced in October 2014, with Snyder on board to direct and Terrio attached to write the script. Initially titled Justice League Part One, with a second part to follow in 2019, the second film was indefinitely delayed to accommodate a standalone Batman film with Affleck. Principal photography commenced in April 2016 and ended in October 2016. After Snyder stepped down to deal with the death of his daughter, Joss Whedon was hired to oversee the remainder of post-production, including directing additional scenes written by himself; Snyder retained sole directorial credit, while Whedon received a screenwriting credit. Justice League premiered in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was released in the United States in 2D, Real D 3D, and IMAX on November 17, 2017. Title: Justice League (film) Passage: Justice League is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It is the follow - up to 2016's Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The film is directed by Zack Snyder, written by Chris Terrio and Joss Whedon, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, and Ray Fisher as the titular team, with Amy Adams, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J.K. Simmons in supporting roles. In the film, Batman and Wonder Woman recruit The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg after Superman's death to save the world from the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons. Title: Glenn Chapman Passage: Glenn Justice Chapman (January 21, 1906, in Cambridge City, Indiana – November 5, 1988, in Richmond, Indiana) was an American Major League Baseball player. Nicknamed "Pete", he played in 67 games for the Brooklyn Dodgers during the 1934 season. Title: Batman Beyond Passage: Batman Beyond (known as Batman of the Future in Latin America, Europe, Asia and Australia) is an American animated television series developed by Bruce Timm, Paul Dini, and Alan Burnett and produced by Warner Bros. Animation in collaboration with DC Comics as a continuation of the Batman legacy. Depicting a teenaged Batman in a futuristic Gotham City under the tutelage of an elderly Bruce Wayne, the series began airing on January 10, 1999, and ended its run on December 18, 2002. After 52 episodes spanning three seasons and one direct-to-video , the series was put on hold for the "Justice League" animated series, despite the network having announced plans for a fourth season. Title: Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Passage: Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is a 2016 American superhero film featuring the DC Comics characters Batman and Superman. Directed by Zack Snyder and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, the film is the second installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU) following 2013's Man of Steel. It was written by Chris Terrio and David S. Goyer, and features an ensemble cast that includes Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Jesse Eisenberg, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, Jeremy Irons, Holly Hunter and Gal Gadot. Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice is the first live - action film to feature Batman and Superman together, as well as the first live - action cinematic portrayal of Wonder Woman, Aquaman, Flash and Cyborg. In the film, criminal mastermind Lex Luthor manipulates Batman into a preemptive battle with Superman, whom Luthor is obsessed with defeating. Title: Gal Gadot Passage: Gal Gadot - Varsano (Hebrew: גל גדות ‎ ‎, pronounced (ˈɡal ɡaˈdot); born April 30, 1985) is an Israeli actress and model. Gadot is primarily known for her role as Wonder Woman in the DC Extended Universe. She started with Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016), continued again in 2017 as the lead in Wonder Woman, and will reprise the role in Justice League. She previously appeared as Gisele Yashar in several films of The Fast and the Furious franchise. Title: Justice League (film) Passage: Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman: A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons.	[ "Dazed and Confused (film)", "Justice League (film)" ]
2hop__329676_119915	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Alpuente was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom that existed from around 1009 to 1106 created following the end of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the Iberian Peninsula in 1010. It was ruled by the Kutama Berber family of the Banū Qāsim.", "title": "Taifa of Alpuente" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Guadix and Baza was a medieval Moorish taifa kingdom. It existed from only 1145 to 1151 when it was conquered by the Taifa of Murcia.", "title": "Taifa of Guadix and Baza" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gonzalo Güell y Morales de los Ríos (16 February 1895 in Havana, Cuba – 2 September 1985 in Coral Gables, Miami-Dade County, Florida USA) was a Cuban lawyer and a career diplomat (1919–1959).", "title": "Gonzalo Güell" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mission San Francisco Solano officially ceased to exist on November 3, 1834, when it was designated a First Class Parish. The Spanish missionaries were to be replaced by parish priests - the first was Fr. Lorenzo Quijas who had earlier been assigned to Sonoma and San Rafael.In,", "title": "Mission San Francisco Solano (California)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Jaén was a medieval taifa Moorish kingdom centered in Al-Andalus. It existed for only two very short periods: first in 1145 and then in 1168.", "title": "Taifa of Jaén" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Saltés and Huelva was a medieval Moorish taifa kingdom that existed in southern Iberia from around 1012 to 1051. From 1051 until 1091 it was under the forcible control of Seville, by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid.", "title": "Taifa of Saltés and Huelva" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Francisco Giner de los Ríos (10 October 1839 in Ronda, Spain – 18 February 1915 in Madrid) was a philosopher, educator and one of the most influential Spanish intellectuals at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.", "title": "Francisco Giner de los Ríos" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Niebla was an Arab taifa kingdom that existed during three distinct time periods: from 1023 to 1053, from 1145 to 1150 and from 1234 to 1262.", "title": "Taifa of Niebla" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Mértola was a medieval Moorish taifa that existed in what is now southeastern Portugal. It existed during three distinct periods: from 1033 to 1044, from 1144 to 1145, and from 1146 to 1151. From 1044 until 1091 it was under the forcible control of the Taifa of Seville, by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid. Its short-lived history ended in 1151, when it was finally conquered by the Almohad Caliphate.", "title": "Taifa of Mértola" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Ronda was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom centered in Moorish al-Andalus in what is now southern Spain. It existed from 1039 to 1065. The taifa was ruled by a family from the Berber Banu Ifran tribe of North Africa. Its capital was the city of Ronda. From 1065 until 1091, the taifa was under the control of the Taifa of Seville, led by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid.", "title": "Taifa of Ronda" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Río Frío de Juárez, originally Río Frío (Cold River), a Mexican populated place, is located in the municipality of Ixtapaluca in the State of Mexico. Río Frío de Juárez is located at the highest point on the highway between Mexico City to Puebla de Zaragoza being located at the top of the pass on the historic road between the two cities.", "title": "Río Frío de Juárez" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Baeza was a medieval taifa Moorish kingdom. It existed only from 1224 to 1226, when it fell to the Christian Kingdom of Castile.", "title": "Taifa of Baeza" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Murviedro and Sagunto was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in a short period from 1086 to 1092.", "title": "Taifa of Murviedro and Sagunto" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Tavira was a medieval taifa Moorish kingdom in what is now southern Portugal. It existed only from around 1146 to 1150.", "title": "Taifa of Tavira" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Tortosa was a medieval taifa Moorish kingdom. It existed for two separate periods, from 1010 to 1060 and 1081 to 1099.", "title": "Taifa of Tortosa" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Morón was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom that existed from around 1010 to 1066. From 1066 until 1091 it was under the forcible control of Seville, by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid.", "title": "Taifa of Morón" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Santarém was a medieval taifa Moorish kingdom in what is now Portugal. It existed from 1144 to 1145.", "title": "Taifa of Santarém" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Palmito Ranch is considered by some criteria as the final battle of the American Civil War. It was fought May 12 and 13, 1865, on the banks of the Rio Grande east of Brownsville, Texas and a few miles from the seaport of Los Brazos de Santiago. Since the Confederacy had ceased to exist, it is also argued that this battle should be classified as a postwar action.", "title": "Battle of Palmito Ranch" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Carmona was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom. It existed for two distinct periods: first from 1013 to 1066 when it was conquered by the Taifa of Seville, and secondly from around 1143 to 1150 when it was finally conquered by the Almohad Caliphate. The taifa was established and ruled by the Zenata Berber Birzalid dynasty.", "title": "Taifa of Carmona" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Taifa of Tejada was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed only from 1146 to 1150 when it was conquered by the Almohad Caliphate.", "title": "Taifa of Tejada" } ]	In which year did Taifa of Francisco Giner de los Rios' birthplace cease to exist?	1065	[]	Title: Taifa of Tejada Passage: The Taifa of Tejada was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed only from 1146 to 1150 when it was conquered by the Almohad Caliphate. Title: Taifa of Jaén Passage: The Taifa of Jaén was a medieval taifa Moorish kingdom centered in Al-Andalus. It existed for only two very short periods: first in 1145 and then in 1168. Title: Taifa of Carmona Passage: The Taifa of Carmona was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom. It existed for two distinct periods: first from 1013 to 1066 when it was conquered by the Taifa of Seville, and secondly from around 1143 to 1150 when it was finally conquered by the Almohad Caliphate. The taifa was established and ruled by the Zenata Berber Birzalid dynasty. Title: Taifa of Baeza Passage: The Taifa of Baeza was a medieval taifa Moorish kingdom. It existed only from 1224 to 1226, when it fell to the Christian Kingdom of Castile. Title: Río Frío de Juárez Passage: Río Frío de Juárez, originally Río Frío (Cold River), a Mexican populated place, is located in the municipality of Ixtapaluca in the State of Mexico. Río Frío de Juárez is located at the highest point on the highway between Mexico City to Puebla de Zaragoza being located at the top of the pass on the historic road between the two cities. Title: Taifa of Guadix and Baza Passage: The Taifa of Guadix and Baza was a medieval Moorish taifa kingdom. It existed from only 1145 to 1151 when it was conquered by the Taifa of Murcia. Title: Taifa of Saltés and Huelva Passage: The Taifa of Saltés and Huelva was a medieval Moorish taifa kingdom that existed in southern Iberia from around 1012 to 1051. From 1051 until 1091 it was under the forcible control of Seville, by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid. Title: Gonzalo Güell Passage: Gonzalo Güell y Morales de los Ríos (16 February 1895 in Havana, Cuba – 2 September 1985 in Coral Gables, Miami-Dade County, Florida USA) was a Cuban lawyer and a career diplomat (1919–1959). Title: Taifa of Ronda Passage: The Taifa of Ronda was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom centered in Moorish al-Andalus in what is now southern Spain. It existed from 1039 to 1065. The taifa was ruled by a family from the Berber Banu Ifran tribe of North Africa. Its capital was the city of Ronda. From 1065 until 1091, the taifa was under the control of the Taifa of Seville, led by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid. Title: Taifa of Santarém Passage: The Taifa of Santarém was a medieval taifa Moorish kingdom in what is now Portugal. It existed from 1144 to 1145. Title: Taifa of Murviedro and Sagunto Passage: The Taifa of Murviedro and Sagunto was a medieval taifa kingdom that existed in a short period from 1086 to 1092. Title: Taifa of Tortosa Passage: The Taifa of Tortosa was a medieval taifa Moorish kingdom. It existed for two separate periods, from 1010 to 1060 and 1081 to 1099. Title: Taifa of Alpuente Passage: The Taifa of Alpuente was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom that existed from around 1009 to 1106 created following the end of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the Iberian Peninsula in 1010. It was ruled by the Kutama Berber family of the Banū Qāsim. Title: Mission San Francisco Solano (California) Passage: Mission San Francisco Solano officially ceased to exist on November 3, 1834, when it was designated a First Class Parish. The Spanish missionaries were to be replaced by parish priests - the first was Fr. Lorenzo Quijas who had earlier been assigned to Sonoma and San Rafael.In, Title: Taifa of Mértola Passage: The Taifa of Mértola was a medieval Moorish taifa that existed in what is now southeastern Portugal. It existed during three distinct periods: from 1033 to 1044, from 1144 to 1145, and from 1146 to 1151. From 1044 until 1091 it was under the forcible control of the Taifa of Seville, by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid. Its short-lived history ended in 1151, when it was finally conquered by the Almohad Caliphate. Title: Taifa of Niebla Passage: The Taifa of Niebla was an Arab taifa kingdom that existed during three distinct time periods: from 1023 to 1053, from 1145 to 1150 and from 1234 to 1262. Title: Taifa of Morón Passage: The Taifa of Morón was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom that existed from around 1010 to 1066. From 1066 until 1091 it was under the forcible control of Seville, by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid. Title: Battle of Palmito Ranch Passage: The Battle of Palmito Ranch is considered by some criteria as the final battle of the American Civil War. It was fought May 12 and 13, 1865, on the banks of the Rio Grande east of Brownsville, Texas and a few miles from the seaport of Los Brazos de Santiago. Since the Confederacy had ceased to exist, it is also argued that this battle should be classified as a postwar action. Title: Francisco Giner de los Ríos Passage: Francisco Giner de los Ríos (10 October 1839 in Ronda, Spain – 18 February 1915 in Madrid) was a philosopher, educator and one of the most influential Spanish intellectuals at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Title: Taifa of Tavira Passage: The Taifa of Tavira was a medieval taifa Moorish kingdom in what is now southern Portugal. It existed only from around 1146 to 1150.	[ "Francisco Giner de los Ríos", "Taifa of Ronda" ]
2hop__63982_768138	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a teenager Rey played in punk band Shrapnel, which also featured Dave Wyndorf, later of Monster Magnet. Shrapnel put out two 45 singles (Combat Love and Go Cruisin') and a five-song self-titled e.p., and played CBGB regularly in their brief career. He first collaborated with the Ramones on their 1984 album \"Too Tough to Die\", where he co-wrote the song \"Daytime Dilemma (Dangers of Love)\" with Joey Ramone, and from there produced three of the band's albums, \"Halfway to Sanity\", \"Brain Drain\" and \"¡Adios Amigos!\". Rey did all of the guitar work for 9 of the 11 songs on Joey Ramone's 2002 solo album \"Don't Worry About Me\".", "title": "Daniel Rey" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, and Matthew Lawrence. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California. The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research.", "title": "Pulse (1988 film)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The contest has gained public attention in recent years due to the stardom of Takeru Kobayashi and Joey Chestnut. The defending champion is Joey Chestnut, who ate 72 hot dogs in the 2017 contest. He beat out Carmen Cincotti and the 2015 champ, Matt Stonie.", "title": "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The gang is amazed to learn that Phoebe married a gay Canadian ice dancer Duncan (Steve Zahn) to help him get his green card. Phoebe thinks that she still cares for him, but then he shows up asking for a divorce as he lied to himself about being gay and wants to marry someone else. Interesting facts are revealed about the others, too: Joey starred in a porn film and Chandler has a third nipple. Ross seeks relationship advice from Rachel after revealing that he and Julie have yet to consummate their relationship. Rachel, because she still loves Ross, gives him bad advice, hoping that he and Julie will break up as a result. Unfortunately for Rachel, Joey also gives Ross advice.", "title": "Friends (season 2)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The sitcom takes place in Glenlawn, a fictional California suburb (certain episodes differ as to of what California city suburb was Glenlawn). Nellie Ruth ``Nell ''Harper (Nell Carter) agrees to look after the Kanisky household as a special favor to her dying friend Margaret Huffman Kanisky (played in flashback by Sharon Spelman), who was the wife of police chief Carl Kanisky (Dolph Sweet), serving as a parental figure to the Chief's three teenage daughters, Katie (Kari Michaelsen), Julie (Lauri Hendler), and Samantha (Lara Jill Miller). A foster son, Joey (Joey Lawrence), was added to the Kanisky household in Season 3.", "title": "Gimme a Break!" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The contest has gained public attention in recent years due to the stardom of Takeru Kobayashi and Joey Chestnut. The defending men's champion is Joey Chestnut, who ate 74 hot dogs in the 2018 contest. The defending women's champion is Miki Sudo, who ate 37 hot dogs in the 2018 contest.", "title": "Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gimme a Break! is an American sitcom that aired on NBC for six seasons from October 29, 1981, until May 12, 1987. The series starred Nell Carter as the housekeeper for a widowed police chief (Dolph Sweet) and his three daughters.", "title": "Gimme a Break!" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the first season, Bishop decided to fully change the format of the series. In addition to the format changing, The Joey Bishop Show began filming in front of a live audience and also featured an entirely different supporting cast. In the second incarnation, Joey Barnes is the host of a New York City talk / variety television show. Abby Dalton joined the cast as Joey's new wife Ellie (whom Joey called ``Texas ''because she hailed from Texas) and the two live at the Carlton Arms, a posh Manhattan apartment building. Towards the end of season two, Ellie discovers she is pregnant with the couple's first child. Their son, Joey Barnes, Jr. (played by Dalton's real son Matthew David Smith), was born in the season - two finale`` The Baby Cometh''. Also joining the cast was Guy Marks, who portrayed Freddie, Joey's manager. Marks left the series after 19 episodes and Corbett Monica joined the cast as Larry Corbett, Joey's head writer. The supporting cast also includes Mary Treen as Hilda, the Barnes' maid and baby nurse, with whom Joey frequently trades insults. Joe Besser portrayed Mr. Jillson, the building's henpecked super who lives in fear of his wife, Tantalia (who is never seen but often heard).", "title": "The Joey Bishop Show (TV series)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After playing with Bežanija in the Serbian First League, he moved during the winter break of the 2014–15 season to Serbian SuperLiga side FK Donji Srem.", "title": "Igor Jelić" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yuzvendra Chahal (born 23 July 1990) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Haryana in Indian domestic cricket. He is a leg break bowler.", "title": "Yuzvendra Chahal" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joey Johnson is a fictional character from Days of Our Lives, an American soap opera on the NBC network, currently portrayed by James Lastovic. Introduced in 2008, Joey was created by head writers Dena Higley and Victor Gialanella as the youngest child of supercouple, Steve ``Patch ''Johnson and Kayla Brady (Stephen Nichols and Mary Beth Evans). The role was originated by siblings Brody and Jonas -- who vacated the role in 2009 when the character was written out. Child actor, Jadon Wells appeared in the role of Joey on a recurring basis from 2012 to 2014. In 2015, the character was rapidly aged to 16 when Lastovic stepped into the role. Joey returns having skipped out on boarding school suffering from abandonment issues. It is later revealed that Joey has secretly been conspiring with Ava Vitali (Tamara Braun) to orchestrate Patch and Kayla's reunion. Unbeknownst to Joey, Ava is his father's ex-lover and has caused quite a bit of trouble for Kayla and the rest of the Brady family.", "title": "Joey Johnson (Days of Our Lives)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Joey Potter is a headstrong, vibrant, wily, sultry, and determined go - getter. And yet, in a gloriously contradictory manner, in spite of her tough - as - nails exterior demeanor, Joey's also a frail, sometimes uncertain, emotionally sensitive, in - need - of - love person '', said the show's official book. Joey, named for Jo in Little Women, for years had been climbing in Dawson's bedroom window and platonically sharing his bed. Joey's mother had died from cancer when Joey was thirteen and her father, Mike (Gareth Williams), was in prison for`` conspiracy to traffic in marijuana in excess of 10,000 pounds.'' Her harried, unmarried, and very pregnant sister, Bessie (Nina Repeta), about ten years older than Joey, was raising her while running the Ice House restaurant, where Joey worked as a waitress. GQ described Joey as ``kind of an uptight fussbudget -- one who's always twisted up over doing the right thing and bungling - up ways to hook up with her crush and across the creek neighbor, Dawson. ''", "title": "Joey Potter" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Season Four premiere, Ross and Rachel briefly reconcile after Ross pretends to read a long letter that Rachel wrote for him. However, Ross continues to insist that the two were on a break when he slept with Chloe, so they break up again. Joey dates Kathy (Paget Brewster), a girl that Chandler has a crush on. Kathy and Chandler later kiss, which causes drama between Chandler and Joey. Joey only forgives Chandler and allows him to date Kathy after Chandler spends a day in a box as punishment. Chandler's relationship with Kathy ends after discovering she cheated on him due to an argument. Phoebe becomes a surrogate mother for her brother and his wife Alice (Debra Jo Rupp). Monica and Rachel are forced to switch apartments with Joey and Chandler after losing a bet during a quiz game, but manage to switch back by bribing them with Knicks season tickets and a one-minute kiss (off-screen) between Rachel and Monica. Ross begins dating an English woman named Emily (Helen Baxendale), and the season finale features their wedding in London. Chandler and Monica sleep together, and Rachel decides to stop Ross and Emily's wedding. While saying his vows, Ross says Rachel's name at the altar, shocking his bride and the guests.", "title": "Friends" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Trebišov, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia), he played in Serbian lower-league sides Radnički Beograd, BASK and PKB Padinska Skela before moving to Slovenian side Celje during the winter break of the 2012–13 season. He played with Celje in the Slovenian First League until the following winter-break of the 2013–14 season when he moved to Greece and played the rest of the season with Serres in the Greek Football League (second league). In summer 2014 he moved to Romania and joined Săgeata Năvodari playing in the Liga II. During the winter break of the 2014–15 season he returned to Serbia and joined Mačva Šabac paying in Serbian second-tier.", "title": "Aleksandar Srdić" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhen Zhen () is a female giant panda born on August 3, 2007 to Bai Yun and Gao Gao at the San Diego Zoo. Her name means \"Precious\". She is Bai Yun's fourth cub, and Gao Gao's third. Zhen Zhen has one half sibling, Hua Mei, and four full siblings, Mei Sheng, Su Lin, Yun Zi, and Xiao Liwu. Like her full siblings, Zhen Zhen was conceived via natural mating.", "title": "Zhen Zhen" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Melissa & Joey\" is an American television sitcom starring Melissa Joan Hart and Joey Lawrence. The series revolves around Melanie \"Mel\" Burke (Hart), an up-and-coming local politician who hires Joseph \"Joe\" Longo (Lawrence), a recently divorced commodities broker, as the nanny for her niece and nephew. The series premiered on August 17, 2010 on ABC Family.", "title": "List of Melissa & Joey episodes" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monica invites an old school friend of hers and Ross' for Thanksgiving, Will Colbert (Brad Pitt). She also tells a crestfallen Joey Tribbiani that she wo n't be cooking a turkey because of Will's, Chandler's, Rachel's and Phoebe's aversion to the poultry. Joey admonishes Monica and demands the tradition, and so Monica obliges with a monstrous bird. Throughout the episode, Joey battles the enormous turkey, eventually changing into Phoebe's maternity clothing to ease the strain on his stomach.", "title": "The One with the Rumor" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doesn't Play Well with Others is the second full-length solo album by Lagwagon and Bad Astronaut frontman Joey Cape, released on June 1, 2011. It was released with one song at a time, each month, during 2010 on Joey Cape's official website, beginning on January 18, 2010.", "title": "Doesn't Play Well with Others" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born on the same day in the same hospital, Elle Evans (Joey King) and Lee Flynn (Joel Courtney) have been best friends all their lives. To protect their special relationship, the pair created a set of friendship rules they are sworn to follow including # 9: relatives totally off limits, especially Lee's bad boy older brother Noah (Jacob Elordi). Soon a romance with Noah blossoms and Elle finds herself breaking the rules and hurting Lee. Quickly, tensions flare between the two brothers and Elle faces losing them both.", "title": "The Kissing Booth" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joey Kirk (born August 21, 1966 in Granada Hills, California) is a former U.S. soccer forward who spent most of his career playing indoor soccer. He earned seven caps with the U.S. national team in 1987 and 1988.", "title": "Joey Kirk" } ]	Who is the sibling of the actor who played Joey on Gimme a Break?	Matthew Lawrence	[]	Title: Friends Passage: In the Season Four premiere, Ross and Rachel briefly reconcile after Ross pretends to read a long letter that Rachel wrote for him. However, Ross continues to insist that the two were on a break when he slept with Chloe, so they break up again. Joey dates Kathy (Paget Brewster), a girl that Chandler has a crush on. Kathy and Chandler later kiss, which causes drama between Chandler and Joey. Joey only forgives Chandler and allows him to date Kathy after Chandler spends a day in a box as punishment. Chandler's relationship with Kathy ends after discovering she cheated on him due to an argument. Phoebe becomes a surrogate mother for her brother and his wife Alice (Debra Jo Rupp). Monica and Rachel are forced to switch apartments with Joey and Chandler after losing a bet during a quiz game, but manage to switch back by bribing them with Knicks season tickets and a one-minute kiss (off-screen) between Rachel and Monica. Ross begins dating an English woman named Emily (Helen Baxendale), and the season finale features their wedding in London. Chandler and Monica sleep together, and Rachel decides to stop Ross and Emily's wedding. While saying his vows, Ross says Rachel's name at the altar, shocking his bride and the guests. Title: The Joey Bishop Show (TV series) Passage: After the first season, Bishop decided to fully change the format of the series. In addition to the format changing, The Joey Bishop Show began filming in front of a live audience and also featured an entirely different supporting cast. In the second incarnation, Joey Barnes is the host of a New York City talk / variety television show. Abby Dalton joined the cast as Joey's new wife Ellie (whom Joey called ``Texas ''because she hailed from Texas) and the two live at the Carlton Arms, a posh Manhattan apartment building. Towards the end of season two, Ellie discovers she is pregnant with the couple's first child. Their son, Joey Barnes, Jr. (played by Dalton's real son Matthew David Smith), was born in the season - two finale`` The Baby Cometh''. Also joining the cast was Guy Marks, who portrayed Freddie, Joey's manager. Marks left the series after 19 episodes and Corbett Monica joined the cast as Larry Corbett, Joey's head writer. The supporting cast also includes Mary Treen as Hilda, the Barnes' maid and baby nurse, with whom Joey frequently trades insults. Joe Besser portrayed Mr. Jillson, the building's henpecked super who lives in fear of his wife, Tantalia (who is never seen but often heard). Title: Yuzvendra Chahal Passage: Yuzvendra Chahal (born 23 July 1990) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Haryana in Indian domestic cricket. He is a leg break bowler. Title: Pulse (1988 film) Passage: Pulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, and Matthew Lawrence. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California. The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research. Title: The Kissing Booth Passage: Born on the same day in the same hospital, Elle Evans (Joey King) and Lee Flynn (Joel Courtney) have been best friends all their lives. To protect their special relationship, the pair created a set of friendship rules they are sworn to follow including # 9: relatives totally off limits, especially Lee's bad boy older brother Noah (Jacob Elordi). Soon a romance with Noah blossoms and Elle finds herself breaking the rules and hurting Lee. Quickly, tensions flare between the two brothers and Elle faces losing them both. Title: Gimme a Break! Passage: Gimme a Break! is an American sitcom that aired on NBC for six seasons from October 29, 1981, until May 12, 1987. The series starred Nell Carter as the housekeeper for a widowed police chief (Dolph Sweet) and his three daughters. Title: Friends (season 2) Passage: The gang is amazed to learn that Phoebe married a gay Canadian ice dancer Duncan (Steve Zahn) to help him get his green card. Phoebe thinks that she still cares for him, but then he shows up asking for a divorce as he lied to himself about being gay and wants to marry someone else. Interesting facts are revealed about the others, too: Joey starred in a porn film and Chandler has a third nipple. Ross seeks relationship advice from Rachel after revealing that he and Julie have yet to consummate their relationship. Rachel, because she still loves Ross, gives him bad advice, hoping that he and Julie will break up as a result. Unfortunately for Rachel, Joey also gives Ross advice. Title: Joey Kirk Passage: Joey Kirk (born August 21, 1966 in Granada Hills, California) is a former U.S. soccer forward who spent most of his career playing indoor soccer. He earned seven caps with the U.S. national team in 1987 and 1988. Title: Doesn't Play Well with Others Passage: Doesn't Play Well with Others is the second full-length solo album by Lagwagon and Bad Astronaut frontman Joey Cape, released on June 1, 2011. It was released with one song at a time, each month, during 2010 on Joey Cape's official website, beginning on January 18, 2010. Title: Igor Jelić Passage: After playing with Bežanija in the Serbian First League, he moved during the winter break of the 2014–15 season to Serbian SuperLiga side FK Donji Srem. Title: The One with the Rumor Passage: Monica invites an old school friend of hers and Ross' for Thanksgiving, Will Colbert (Brad Pitt). She also tells a crestfallen Joey Tribbiani that she wo n't be cooking a turkey because of Will's, Chandler's, Rachel's and Phoebe's aversion to the poultry. Joey admonishes Monica and demands the tradition, and so Monica obliges with a monstrous bird. Throughout the episode, Joey battles the enormous turkey, eventually changing into Phoebe's maternity clothing to ease the strain on his stomach. Title: Zhen Zhen Passage: Zhen Zhen () is a female giant panda born on August 3, 2007 to Bai Yun and Gao Gao at the San Diego Zoo. Her name means "Precious". She is Bai Yun's fourth cub, and Gao Gao's third. Zhen Zhen has one half sibling, Hua Mei, and four full siblings, Mei Sheng, Su Lin, Yun Zi, and Xiao Liwu. Like her full siblings, Zhen Zhen was conceived via natural mating. Title: Daniel Rey Passage: As a teenager Rey played in punk band Shrapnel, which also featured Dave Wyndorf, later of Monster Magnet. Shrapnel put out two 45 singles (Combat Love and Go Cruisin') and a five-song self-titled e.p., and played CBGB regularly in their brief career. He first collaborated with the Ramones on their 1984 album "Too Tough to Die", where he co-wrote the song "Daytime Dilemma (Dangers of Love)" with Joey Ramone, and from there produced three of the band's albums, "Halfway to Sanity", "Brain Drain" and "¡Adios Amigos!". Rey did all of the guitar work for 9 of the 11 songs on Joey Ramone's 2002 solo album "Don't Worry About Me". Title: Aleksandar Srdić Passage: Born in Trebišov, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia), he played in Serbian lower-league sides Radnički Beograd, BASK and PKB Padinska Skela before moving to Slovenian side Celje during the winter break of the 2012–13 season. He played with Celje in the Slovenian First League until the following winter-break of the 2013–14 season when he moved to Greece and played the rest of the season with Serres in the Greek Football League (second league). In summer 2014 he moved to Romania and joined Săgeata Năvodari playing in the Liga II. During the winter break of the 2014–15 season he returned to Serbia and joined Mačva Šabac paying in Serbian second-tier. Title: Gimme a Break! Passage: The sitcom takes place in Glenlawn, a fictional California suburb (certain episodes differ as to of what California city suburb was Glenlawn). Nellie Ruth ``Nell ''Harper (Nell Carter) agrees to look after the Kanisky household as a special favor to her dying friend Margaret Huffman Kanisky (played in flashback by Sharon Spelman), who was the wife of police chief Carl Kanisky (Dolph Sweet), serving as a parental figure to the Chief's three teenage daughters, Katie (Kari Michaelsen), Julie (Lauri Hendler), and Samantha (Lara Jill Miller). A foster son, Joey (Joey Lawrence), was added to the Kanisky household in Season 3. Title: Joey Johnson (Days of Our Lives) Passage: Joey Johnson is a fictional character from Days of Our Lives, an American soap opera on the NBC network, currently portrayed by James Lastovic. Introduced in 2008, Joey was created by head writers Dena Higley and Victor Gialanella as the youngest child of supercouple, Steve ``Patch ''Johnson and Kayla Brady (Stephen Nichols and Mary Beth Evans). The role was originated by siblings Brody and Jonas -- who vacated the role in 2009 when the character was written out. Child actor, Jadon Wells appeared in the role of Joey on a recurring basis from 2012 to 2014. In 2015, the character was rapidly aged to 16 when Lastovic stepped into the role. Joey returns having skipped out on boarding school suffering from abandonment issues. It is later revealed that Joey has secretly been conspiring with Ava Vitali (Tamara Braun) to orchestrate Patch and Kayla's reunion. Unbeknownst to Joey, Ava is his father's ex-lover and has caused quite a bit of trouble for Kayla and the rest of the Brady family. Title: Joey Potter Passage: ``Joey Potter is a headstrong, vibrant, wily, sultry, and determined go - getter. And yet, in a gloriously contradictory manner, in spite of her tough - as - nails exterior demeanor, Joey's also a frail, sometimes uncertain, emotionally sensitive, in - need - of - love person '', said the show's official book. Joey, named for Jo in Little Women, for years had been climbing in Dawson's bedroom window and platonically sharing his bed. Joey's mother had died from cancer when Joey was thirteen and her father, Mike (Gareth Williams), was in prison for`` conspiracy to traffic in marijuana in excess of 10,000 pounds.'' Her harried, unmarried, and very pregnant sister, Bessie (Nina Repeta), about ten years older than Joey, was raising her while running the Ice House restaurant, where Joey worked as a waitress. GQ described Joey as ``kind of an uptight fussbudget -- one who's always twisted up over doing the right thing and bungling - up ways to hook up with her crush and across the creek neighbor, Dawson. '' Title: Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest Passage: The contest has gained public attention in recent years due to the stardom of Takeru Kobayashi and Joey Chestnut. The defending champion is Joey Chestnut, who ate 72 hot dogs in the 2017 contest. He beat out Carmen Cincotti and the 2015 champ, Matt Stonie. Title: List of Melissa & Joey episodes Passage: "Melissa & Joey" is an American television sitcom starring Melissa Joan Hart and Joey Lawrence. The series revolves around Melanie "Mel" Burke (Hart), an up-and-coming local politician who hires Joseph "Joe" Longo (Lawrence), a recently divorced commodities broker, as the nanny for her niece and nephew. The series premiered on August 17, 2010 on ABC Family. Title: Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest Passage: The contest has gained public attention in recent years due to the stardom of Takeru Kobayashi and Joey Chestnut. The defending men's champion is Joey Chestnut, who ate 74 hot dogs in the 2018 contest. The defending women's champion is Miki Sudo, who ate 37 hot dogs in the 2018 contest.	[ "Pulse (1988 film)", "Gimme a Break!" ]
2hop__14092_8311	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walter Calverley was the eldest son and heir of William Calverley (d.1572) by his wife, Katherine Thorneholme, daughter of John Thorneholme of Haysthorpe, Yorkshire. William Calverley was the son of Sir Walter Calverley and Anne Danby, daughter of Sir Christopher Danby (d. 14 June 1571) and Elizabeth Neville, daughter of Richard Neville, 2nd Baron Latimer.", "title": "Walter Calverley" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir William Maule was the eldest son of Sir Peter Maule and Christina de Valognes, Baron and Baroness of Panmure and Benvie. William succeeded as Baron in 1254 on his father's death. He was married to Ethana de Vallibus, daughter of John Vaux, Lord of Dirleton, and left one son, Henry Maule, who succeeded him as Baron.", "title": "Sir William Maule" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John's first wife, Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, was released from imprisonment in 1214; she remarried twice, and died in 1217. John's second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, left England for Angoulême soon after the king's death; she became a powerful regional leader, but largely abandoned the children she had had by John. John had five legitimate children, all by Isabella. His eldest son, Henry III, ruled as king for the majority of the 13th century. Richard became a noted European leader and ultimately the King of the Romans in the Holy Roman Empire. Joan married Alexander II of Scotland to become his queen consort. Isabella married the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. His youngest daughter, Eleanor, married William Marshal's son, also called William, and later the famous English rebel Simon de Montfort. John had a number of illegitimate children by various mistresses, including nine sons – Richard, Oliver, John, Geoffrey, Henry, Osbert Gifford, Eudes, Bartholomew and probably Philip – and three daughters – Joan, Maud and probably Isabel. Of these, Joan became the most famous, marrying Prince Llywelyn the Great of Wales.", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She was laid down at John Crown & Sons Ltd in Sunderland on 25 June 1943 and launched on 25 April 1944 before being commissioned on 31 January 1945", "title": "HMS Farnham Castle (K413)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liu Ju (; 128–91 BC), formally known as Crown Prince Wei (衛太子) and posthumously as Crown Prince Li (戾太子, literally \"the Unrepentant Crown Prince\") was a Western Han Dynasty crown prince. He was the eldest son and the heir apparent to his father, Emperor Wu of Han, until his death at age 38 during the political turmoil in 91 BC. Contrary to his less-than-flattering posthumous name, Liu Ju was generally regarded by historians as a well-mannered, benevolent, morally upright man who, by circumstances out of his control, was forced into an uprising against his father's army and died as a consequence of the rebellion.", "title": "Liu Ju" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Mitchell Kemble (2 April 1807 – 26 March 1857), English scholar and historian, was the eldest son of Charles Kemble the actor and Maria Theresa Kemble. He is notable for his major contribution to the history of the Anglo-Saxons and philology of the Old English language.", "title": "John Mitchell Kemble" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second - eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession.", "title": "Succession to the British throne" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eric Penn was the eldest son of William Penn, a cricketer and a businessman who ran the family engineering company of John Penn and Sons founded by his own father, John Penn, which was based in Greenwich, London. Eric Penn was educated at Eton College and at Trinity College, Cambridge.", "title": "Eric Penn" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Gooderham Worts (June 4, 1818 - June 20, 1882) was the eldest son of James Worts and Elizabeth Gooderham.", "title": "James Gooderham Worts" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhao Jiande was the eldest son of Zhao Yingqi and a Yue woman. Although the eldest, Jiande was passed over for kingship in preference for his half-brother, Zhao Yingqi.", "title": "Zhao Jiande" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roberto Irineu Marinho was born in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, the eldest son of three of the late Roberto Marinho.", "title": "Roberto Irineu Marinho" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Darling and Son was an Australian wheat merchant and flour milling company founded in Adelaide, South Australia, for many years the largest in Australia. It was founded by John Darling Sr. (1831–1905), a businessman of Scottish origin, and Member of Parliament for 25 years. He was succeeded by his eldest son, John Darling, Jr. (1852–1914), also a Member of Parliament, then by Harold Gordon Darling. It was registered as a private company in Victoria in 1953 with three directors: Norman Darling, Leonard Darling, and Leonard Gordon Darling.", "title": "John Darling and Son" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Leul\" Wondosson Kassa was the eldest son of \"Ras\" Kassa Haile Darge. \"Ras\" Kassa was a loyal ally of \"Negus\" Tafari Makonnen, who ultimately was crowned Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia.", "title": "Wondosson Kassa" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pernell Elven Roberts, Jr. (May 18, 1928 -- January 24, 2010) was an American stage, film and television actor, as well as a singer. In addition to guest - starring in over 60 television series, he was best known for his roles as Ben Cartwright's eldest son Adam Cartwright on the Western television series Bonanza (1959 -- 1965), and as chief surgeon Dr. John McIntyre, the title character on Trapper John, M.D. (1979 -- 1986).", "title": "Pernell Roberts" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Petrie was born 15 January 1822 in Edinburgh, the eldest son of Andrew Petrie and Mary Cuthbertson. He arrived in Sydney with his family in 1831 and was educated at John Dunmore Lang's school. In 1837 he went to Moreton Bay, where his father had been appointed clerk of works, and accompanied him on explorations to the west and north of Brisbane; he also became a champion oarsman. Aware that his son might be unduly influenced by the incarcerated men at the penal colony, his father only selected workmen that he considered beyond reproach to come to his home in the evening to teach his sons cabinet making and carpentry skills.", "title": "John Petrie" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raglan Squire, the eldest son of the poet and critic J C (later Sir John) Squire, was born in London and educated at Blundell's School in Tiverton and at St John's College, Cambridge to read Architecture. Upon graduation Rag spent a year working on building sites, followed by four years working in architects' offices and studying part-time for his RIBA exams at the Regent Street Polytechnic's evening classes in the early 1930s.", "title": "Raglan Squire" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, nicknamed \"John from Prague\" (1244 in Prague – 1268) was the eldest son of Margrave Otto III and his wife, Beatrice of Bohemia.", "title": "John III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]", "title": "Westminster Abbey" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Wedgwood (baptised 2 April 1766 — 26 January 1844), the eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood, was a partner in the Wedgwood pottery firm 1790–1793 and again 1800–1812.", "title": "John Wedgwood (horticulturist)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry of Wales, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second - eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession.", "title": "Succession to the British throne" } ]	When was John's eldest son crowned?	1216	[]	Title: Eric Penn Passage: Eric Penn was the eldest son of William Penn, a cricketer and a businessman who ran the family engineering company of John Penn and Sons founded by his own father, John Penn, which was based in Greenwich, London. Eric Penn was educated at Eton College and at Trinity College, Cambridge. Title: John Darling and Son Passage: John Darling and Son was an Australian wheat merchant and flour milling company founded in Adelaide, South Australia, for many years the largest in Australia. It was founded by John Darling Sr. (1831–1905), a businessman of Scottish origin, and Member of Parliament for 25 years. He was succeeded by his eldest son, John Darling, Jr. (1852–1914), also a Member of Parliament, then by Harold Gordon Darling. It was registered as a private company in Victoria in 1953 with three directors: Norman Darling, Leonard Darling, and Leonard Gordon Darling. Title: John III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel Passage: John III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, nicknamed "John from Prague" (1244 in Prague – 1268) was the eldest son of Margrave Otto III and his wife, Beatrice of Bohemia. Title: Succession to the British throne Passage: Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry of Wales, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second - eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession. Title: Walter Calverley Passage: Walter Calverley was the eldest son and heir of William Calverley (d.1572) by his wife, Katherine Thorneholme, daughter of John Thorneholme of Haysthorpe, Yorkshire. William Calverley was the son of Sir Walter Calverley and Anne Danby, daughter of Sir Christopher Danby (d. 14 June 1571) and Elizabeth Neville, daughter of Richard Neville, 2nd Baron Latimer. Title: Liu Ju Passage: Liu Ju (; 128–91 BC), formally known as Crown Prince Wei (衛太子) and posthumously as Crown Prince Li (戾太子, literally "the Unrepentant Crown Prince") was a Western Han Dynasty crown prince. He was the eldest son and the heir apparent to his father, Emperor Wu of Han, until his death at age 38 during the political turmoil in 91 BC. Contrary to his less-than-flattering posthumous name, Liu Ju was generally regarded by historians as a well-mannered, benevolent, morally upright man who, by circumstances out of his control, was forced into an uprising against his father's army and died as a consequence of the rebellion. Title: John Wedgwood (horticulturist) Passage: John Wedgwood (baptised 2 April 1766 — 26 January 1844), the eldest son of the potter Josiah Wedgwood, was a partner in the Wedgwood pottery firm 1790–1793 and again 1800–1812. Title: Succession to the British throne Passage: Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second - eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession. Title: James Gooderham Worts Passage: James Gooderham Worts (June 4, 1818 - June 20, 1882) was the eldest son of James Worts and Elizabeth Gooderham. Title: John Mitchell Kemble Passage: John Mitchell Kemble (2 April 1807 – 26 March 1857), English scholar and historian, was the eldest son of Charles Kemble the actor and Maria Theresa Kemble. He is notable for his major contribution to the history of the Anglo-Saxons and philology of the Old English language. Title: Wondosson Kassa Passage: "Leul" Wondosson Kassa was the eldest son of "Ras" Kassa Haile Darge. "Ras" Kassa was a loyal ally of "Negus" Tafari Makonnen, who ultimately was crowned Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. Title: HMS Farnham Castle (K413) Passage: She was laid down at John Crown & Sons Ltd in Sunderland on 25 June 1943 and launched on 25 April 1944 before being commissioned on 31 January 1945 Title: Sir William Maule Passage: Sir William Maule was the eldest son of Sir Peter Maule and Christina de Valognes, Baron and Baroness of Panmure and Benvie. William succeeded as Baron in 1254 on his father's death. He was married to Ethana de Vallibus, daughter of John Vaux, Lord of Dirleton, and left one son, Henry Maule, who succeeded him as Baron. Title: John Petrie Passage: John Petrie was born 15 January 1822 in Edinburgh, the eldest son of Andrew Petrie and Mary Cuthbertson. He arrived in Sydney with his family in 1831 and was educated at John Dunmore Lang's school. In 1837 he went to Moreton Bay, where his father had been appointed clerk of works, and accompanied him on explorations to the west and north of Brisbane; he also became a champion oarsman. Aware that his son might be unduly influenced by the incarcerated men at the penal colony, his father only selected workmen that he considered beyond reproach to come to his home in the evening to teach his sons cabinet making and carpentry skills. Title: Pernell Roberts Passage: Pernell Elven Roberts, Jr. (May 18, 1928 -- January 24, 2010) was an American stage, film and television actor, as well as a singer. In addition to guest - starring in over 60 television series, he was best known for his roles as Ben Cartwright's eldest son Adam Cartwright on the Western television series Bonanza (1959 -- 1965), and as chief surgeon Dr. John McIntyre, the title character on Trapper John, M.D. (1979 -- 1986). Title: Westminster Abbey Passage: Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed] Title: Zhao Jiande Passage: Zhao Jiande was the eldest son of Zhao Yingqi and a Yue woman. Although the eldest, Jiande was passed over for kingship in preference for his half-brother, Zhao Yingqi. Title: Roberto Irineu Marinho Passage: Roberto Irineu Marinho was born in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, the eldest son of three of the late Roberto Marinho. Title: John, King of England Passage: John's first wife, Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, was released from imprisonment in 1214; she remarried twice, and died in 1217. John's second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, left England for Angoulême soon after the king's death; she became a powerful regional leader, but largely abandoned the children she had had by John. John had five legitimate children, all by Isabella. His eldest son, Henry III, ruled as king for the majority of the 13th century. Richard became a noted European leader and ultimately the King of the Romans in the Holy Roman Empire. Joan married Alexander II of Scotland to become his queen consort. Isabella married the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. His youngest daughter, Eleanor, married William Marshal's son, also called William, and later the famous English rebel Simon de Montfort. John had a number of illegitimate children by various mistresses, including nine sons – Richard, Oliver, John, Geoffrey, Henry, Osbert Gifford, Eudes, Bartholomew and probably Philip – and three daughters – Joan, Maud and probably Isabel. Of these, Joan became the most famous, marrying Prince Llywelyn the Great of Wales. Title: Raglan Squire Passage: Raglan Squire, the eldest son of the poet and critic J C (later Sir John) Squire, was born in London and educated at Blundell's School in Tiverton and at St John's College, Cambridge to read Architecture. Upon graduation Rag spent a year working on building sites, followed by four years working in architects' offices and studying part-time for his RIBA exams at the Regent Street Polytechnic's evening classes in the early 1930s.	[ "John, King of England", "Westminster Abbey" ]
2hop__273020_57594	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers, along with J.J. Abrams, Jerry Weintraub, and Bryan Burk. The first season was broadcast between October 2 and December 4, 2016; it comprised ten episodes. In November 2016, HBO renewed the series for a ten - episode second season, which was broadcast from April 22 to June 24, 2018. Westworld's debut on HBO had the network's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014. Moreover, the series ranks as the most - watched first season of any HBO original series. On May 1, 2018, Westworld was renewed for a third season.", "title": "Westworld (TV series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pre-dreadnoughts carried guns of several different calibres, for different roles in ship-to-ship combat. The main armament was four heavy guns, mounted in two centre-line turrets fore and aft. Very few pre-dreadnoughts deviated from this arrangement. These guns were slow-firing, and initially of limited accuracy; but they were the only guns heavy enough to penetrate the thick armour which protected the engines, magazines, and main guns of enemy battleships.The most common calibre for the main armament was 12-inch (305 mm), although some ships used smaller guns because they could attain higher rates of fire; British battleships from the Majestic class onwards carried this calibre, as did French ships from the Charlemagne class (laid down in 1894). Japan, importing most of its guns from Britain, used 12-inch guns. The United States used both 12-inch (305 mm) and 13-inch (330 mm) guns for most of the 1890s until the Maine class (not to be confused with the earlier Maine of Spanish–American War notoriety), laid down in 1899, after which the 12-inch gun was universal. The Russians used both 12 and 10-inch (254 mm) as their main armament; the Petropavlovsk class, Retvizan, Tsesarevich, and Borodino class had 12-inch (305 mm) main batteries while the Peresvet class mounted 10-inch (254 mm) guns. The first German pre-dreadnought class used an 11-inch (279 mm) gun but decreased to a 9.4-inch (239 mm) gun for the two following classes and returned to 11-inch guns with the Braunschweig class.", "title": "Pre-dreadnought battleship" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The US ended World War I with two 3-inch AA guns and improvements were developed throughout the inter-war period. However, in 1924 work started on a new 105 mm static mounting AA gun, but only a few were produced by the mid-1930s because by this time work had started on the 90 mm AA gun, with mobile carriages and static mountings able to engage air, sea and ground targets. The M1 version was approved in 1940. During the 1920s there was some work on a 4.7-inch which lapsed, but revived in 1937, leading to a new gun in 1944.", "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Battle Clash is a mecha-themed light gun shooting game produced by Nintendo and Intelligent Systems and released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. The game supports the Super Nintendo's light gun, the Super Scope. It was followed by \"\" during the following year.", "title": "Battle Clash" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Marcia Gay Harden won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for portraying Lee Krasner, Pollock's wife. Ed Harris received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Pollock. The film was a long-term personal project for Harris based on his previous reading of Pollock's biography.Ed Harris’s father had noticed that he resembled Pollock.", "title": "Pollock (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roads of Destiny was a 1921 American silent drama film produced and distributed by Goldwyn Pictures. The film is based on the story of the same name by O. Henry that was turned into a play by Channing Pollock starring Florence Reed. Frank Lloyd directed and stage actress Pauline Frederick starred. The film is now considered lost.", "title": "Roads of Destiny" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During World War II the .50 BMG was primarily used in the M2 Browning machine gun, in both its \"light barrel\" aircraft mount version and the \"heavy barrel\" (HB) version on ground vehicles, for anti-aircraft purposes. An upgraded variant of the M2 Browning HB machine gun used during World War II is still in use today. Since the mid-1950s, some armored personnel carriers and utility vehicles have been made to withstand 12.7 mm machine gun fire, restricting the destructive capability of the M2. It still has more penetrating power than lighter weapons such as general-purpose machine guns, though it is significantly heavier and more cumbersome to transport. Its range and accuracy, however, are superior to light machine guns when fixed on tripods, and it has not been replaced as the standard caliber for Western vehicle-mounted machine guns (Soviet and CIS armored vehicles mount 12.7×108mm NSVs, which are ballistically similar to .50 BMGs).", "title": ".50 BMG" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"You Want This\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her fifth studio album, \"Janet\" (1993). Released as the album's seventh single (sixth and final in the U.S.) in October 1994, the track was written and produced by Jackson and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. The single version, also used in the music video, featured an additional rap verse from MC Lyte. The song was listed in the \"Rock Song Index: The 7500 Most Important Songs for the Rock and Roll Era\" (2005) by Bruce Pollock.", "title": "You Want This" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first several years of the 20th century were a period of confusion and transition in US naval strategy, tactics, and ship design. The \"Mississippi\" class, along with the preceding , were designed based on lessons learned in the Spanish–American War, but while they were under construction, the Russo-Japanese War, war games, and experimentation demonstrated new priorities and concepts which would influence future designs. This was also a period where rapid development of techniques and training in the use of large guns made the inclusion of rapid-fire intermediate and secondary weapons unnecessary. Future US designs would reduce the confusing array of guns sizes in predreadnought battleships and rely on one gun size for the main armament, the \"all-big-gun\" concept, along with many small guns of a uniform caliber to combat small vessels in close proximity.", "title": "Mississippi-class battleship" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The song plays during the end credits of the films Full Metal Jacket and The Devil's Advocate. In TV, it was used as the opening theme song to the series Tour of Duty and for the end credits to part five of The Vietnam War documentary series. It was featured in the Call of Duty: Black Ops III and The Mummy trailers. The Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball use the song as part of their ``Black Out ''promotions. An orchestral arrangement of the song has been used in multiple episodes of the TV series Westworld. R&B singer Ciara would later cover the song for the soundtrack of the 2015 film The Last Witch Hunter.", "title": "Paint It Black" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The BL 18-inch Mk I naval gun was a breech-loading naval gun used by the Royal Navy during World War I. It was the largest and heaviest gun ever used by the British. Only the Second-World-War Japanese 40 cm/45 Type 94 had a larger calibre, , but the British shell was heavier. The gun was a scaled-up version of the BL 15 inch Mk I naval gun and was developed to equip the \"large light cruiser\" (a form of battlecruiser) . Three guns were built, but they did not see combat with \"Furious\", before they were removed from her and transferred to the s and for coast bombardment duties. Only 85 rounds were fired in combat operations before the war ended. All three were removed from service in 1920 and served as proving guns for cordite tests. Two were scrapped in 1933 and the last one survived until it was scrapped in 1947.", "title": "BL 18-inch Mk I naval gun" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss or in French use Canon Hotchkiss à tir rapide de 47 mm were a family of long-lived light naval guns introduced in 1886 to defend against new, small and fast vessels such as torpedo boats and later submarines. There were many variants produced, often under license which ranged in length from 32 to 50 calibers but 40 caliber was the most common version. They were widely used by the navies of a number of nations and often used by both sides in a conflict. They were also used ashore as coastal defense guns and later as an anti-aircraft gun, whether on improvised or specialized HA/LA mounts.", "title": "QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of December 2014, the US Filet - O - Fish contains a battered, fried fish fillet made from Alaska pollock. In the Republic of Ireland either hoki or Alaska pollock may be served. In New Zealand and the United Kingdom Filet - O - Fish contains hoki instead of Alaska pollock. McDonald's Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, Czech Republic, The Netherlands and Hong Kong use a half slice of cheese in each Filet - O - Fish sandwich.", "title": "Filet-O-Fish" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Gun Mill, also referred to as \"Colt Gun Mill\", is a notable historic mill in Paterson, New Jersey where the Colt revolver was first produced in the 1830s, and where John Ryle produced and manufactured silk for the first time in the United States. As of 2008, the mill is in ruins near the banks of the Passaic Falls in Paterson but efforts to save this historic structure are still being attempted.", "title": "Old Gun Mill" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system including both search and targeting radar, which calculated the aim point for the guns after considering windage and ballistics, and then sent electrical commands to the guns, which used hydraulics to point themselves at high speeds. Operators simply fed the guns and selected the targets. This system, modern even by today's standards, was in late development when the war ended.", "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canon de 75 mle GP II was a field gun used by Belgium during World War II. Cockerill mounted lengthened Canon de 75 mle TR barrels on ex-German 7.7 cm FK 16 gun carriages received as reparations after World War I. After 1940, the Wehrmacht designated captured guns as the 7.5 cm FK 234(b) and used them to equip occupation units in Belgium.", "title": "Canon de 75 mle GP II" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 3-inch gun M1917 was a World War I-era US-made anti-aircraft gun based on the 3-inch gun M1903. It was designed for a fixed mounting and remained in service, primarily at Coast Artillery installations, through World War II. It was determined that the weapon was too heavy and had too much recoil for mobile mountings, so a new weapon based on the lighter and less powerful 3-inch gun M1898 was developed, designated the 3-inch Gun M1918. This was the standard US anti-aircraft gun until replaced by the 3-inch gun M3 in 1930. There is some controversy as to whether any seacoast guns were actually converted into anti-aircraft guns in the development of these weapons.", "title": "3-inch gun M1903" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1925 the British adopted a new instrument developed by Vickers. It was a mechanical analogue computer Predictor AA No 1. Given the target height its operators tracked the target and the predictor produced bearing, quadrant elevation and fuse setting. These were passed electrically to the guns where they were displayed on repeater dials to the layers who 'matched pointers' (target data and the gun's actual data) to lay the guns. This system of repeater electrical dials built on the arrangements introduced by British coast artillery in the 1880s, and coast artillery was the background of many AA officers. Similar systems were adopted in other countries and for example the later Sperry device, designated M3A3 in the US was also used by Britain as the Predictor AA No 2. Height finders were also increasing in size, in Britain, the World War I Barr & Stroud UB 2 (7 feet optical base) was replaced by the UB 7 (9 feet optical base) and the UB 10 (18 feet optical base, only used on static AA sites). Goertz in Germany and Levallois in France produced 5 metre instruments. However, in most countries the main effort in HAA guns until the mid-1930s was improving existing ones, although various new designs were on drawing boards.", "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The LeMat revolver was a. 42 or. 36 caliber cap & ball black powder revolver invented by Jean Alexandre LeMat of New Orleans, which featured an unusual secondary 20 gauge smooth - bore barrel capable of firing buckshot. It saw service with the armed forces of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861 -- 65 and the Army of the Government of National Defense during the Franco - Prussian War.", "title": "LeMat Revolver" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "However, the problem of deflection settings — 'aim-off' — required knowing the rate of change in the target's position. Both France and UK introduced tachymetric devices to track targets and produce vertical and horizontal deflection angles. The French Brocq system was electrical, the operator entered the target range and had displays at guns; it was used with their 75 mm. The British Wilson-Dalby gun director used a pair of trackers and mechanical tachymetry; the operator entered the fuse length, and deflection angles were read from the instruments.", "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare" } ]	What gun was used by Pollack's director in Westworld?	LeMat revolver	[ "LeMat Revolver" ]	Title: 3-inch gun M1903 Passage: The 3-inch gun M1917 was a World War I-era US-made anti-aircraft gun based on the 3-inch gun M1903. It was designed for a fixed mounting and remained in service, primarily at Coast Artillery installations, through World War II. It was determined that the weapon was too heavy and had too much recoil for mobile mountings, so a new weapon based on the lighter and less powerful 3-inch gun M1898 was developed, designated the 3-inch Gun M1918. This was the standard US anti-aircraft gun until replaced by the 3-inch gun M3 in 1930. There is some controversy as to whether any seacoast guns were actually converted into anti-aircraft guns in the development of these weapons. Title: Canon de 75 mle GP II Passage: The Canon de 75 mle GP II was a field gun used by Belgium during World War II. Cockerill mounted lengthened Canon de 75 mle TR barrels on ex-German 7.7 cm FK 16 gun carriages received as reparations after World War I. After 1940, the Wehrmacht designated captured guns as the 7.5 cm FK 234(b) and used them to equip occupation units in Belgium. Title: Anti-aircraft warfare Passage: The US ended World War I with two 3-inch AA guns and improvements were developed throughout the inter-war period. However, in 1924 work started on a new 105 mm static mounting AA gun, but only a few were produced by the mid-1930s because by this time work had started on the 90 mm AA gun, with mobile carriages and static mountings able to engage air, sea and ground targets. The M1 version was approved in 1940. During the 1920s there was some work on a 4.7-inch which lapsed, but revived in 1937, leading to a new gun in 1944. Title: Westworld (TV series) Passage: Nolan and Joy serve as executive producers, along with J.J. Abrams, Jerry Weintraub, and Bryan Burk. The first season was broadcast between October 2 and December 4, 2016; it comprised ten episodes. In November 2016, HBO renewed the series for a ten - episode second season, which was broadcast from April 22 to June 24, 2018. Westworld's debut on HBO had the network's highest viewership ratings for a premiere since the first episode of True Detective in 2014. Moreover, the series ranks as the most - watched first season of any HBO original series. On May 1, 2018, Westworld was renewed for a third season. Title: Paint It Black Passage: The song plays during the end credits of the films Full Metal Jacket and The Devil's Advocate. In TV, it was used as the opening theme song to the series Tour of Duty and for the end credits to part five of The Vietnam War documentary series. It was featured in the Call of Duty: Black Ops III and The Mummy trailers. The Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball use the song as part of their ``Black Out ''promotions. An orchestral arrangement of the song has been used in multiple episodes of the TV series Westworld. R&B singer Ciara would later cover the song for the soundtrack of the 2015 film The Last Witch Hunter. Title: .50 BMG Passage: During World War II the .50 BMG was primarily used in the M2 Browning machine gun, in both its "light barrel" aircraft mount version and the "heavy barrel" (HB) version on ground vehicles, for anti-aircraft purposes. An upgraded variant of the M2 Browning HB machine gun used during World War II is still in use today. Since the mid-1950s, some armored personnel carriers and utility vehicles have been made to withstand 12.7 mm machine gun fire, restricting the destructive capability of the M2. It still has more penetrating power than lighter weapons such as general-purpose machine guns, though it is significantly heavier and more cumbersome to transport. Its range and accuracy, however, are superior to light machine guns when fixed on tripods, and it has not been replaced as the standard caliber for Western vehicle-mounted machine guns (Soviet and CIS armored vehicles mount 12.7×108mm NSVs, which are ballistically similar to .50 BMGs). Title: Pollock (film) Passage: Marcia Gay Harden won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for portraying Lee Krasner, Pollock's wife. Ed Harris received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Pollock. The film was a long-term personal project for Harris based on his previous reading of Pollock's biography.Ed Harris’s father had noticed that he resembled Pollock. Title: BL 18-inch Mk I naval gun Passage: The BL 18-inch Mk I naval gun was a breech-loading naval gun used by the Royal Navy during World War I. It was the largest and heaviest gun ever used by the British. Only the Second-World-War Japanese 40 cm/45 Type 94 had a larger calibre, , but the British shell was heavier. The gun was a scaled-up version of the BL 15 inch Mk I naval gun and was developed to equip the "large light cruiser" (a form of battlecruiser) . Three guns were built, but they did not see combat with "Furious", before they were removed from her and transferred to the s and for coast bombardment duties. Only 85 rounds were fired in combat operations before the war ended. All three were removed from service in 1920 and served as proving guns for cordite tests. Two were scrapped in 1933 and the last one survived until it was scrapped in 1947. Title: Anti-aircraft warfare Passage: However, the problem of deflection settings — 'aim-off' — required knowing the rate of change in the target's position. Both France and UK introduced tachymetric devices to track targets and produce vertical and horizontal deflection angles. The French Brocq system was electrical, the operator entered the target range and had displays at guns; it was used with their 75 mm. The British Wilson-Dalby gun director used a pair of trackers and mechanical tachymetry; the operator entered the fuse length, and deflection angles were read from the instruments. Title: Mississippi-class battleship Passage: The first several years of the 20th century were a period of confusion and transition in US naval strategy, tactics, and ship design. The "Mississippi" class, along with the preceding , were designed based on lessons learned in the Spanish–American War, but while they were under construction, the Russo-Japanese War, war games, and experimentation demonstrated new priorities and concepts which would influence future designs. This was also a period where rapid development of techniques and training in the use of large guns made the inclusion of rapid-fire intermediate and secondary weapons unnecessary. Future US designs would reduce the confusing array of guns sizes in predreadnought battleships and rely on one gun size for the main armament, the "all-big-gun" concept, along with many small guns of a uniform caliber to combat small vessels in close proximity. Title: You Want This Passage: "You Want This" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her fifth studio album, "Janet" (1993). Released as the album's seventh single (sixth and final in the U.S.) in October 1994, the track was written and produced by Jackson and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. The single version, also used in the music video, featured an additional rap verse from MC Lyte. The song was listed in the "Rock Song Index: The 7500 Most Important Songs for the Rock and Roll Era" (2005) by Bruce Pollock. Title: Filet-O-Fish Passage: As of December 2014, the US Filet - O - Fish contains a battered, fried fish fillet made from Alaska pollock. In the Republic of Ireland either hoki or Alaska pollock may be served. In New Zealand and the United Kingdom Filet - O - Fish contains hoki instead of Alaska pollock. McDonald's Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Portugal, Czech Republic, The Netherlands and Hong Kong use a half slice of cheese in each Filet - O - Fish sandwich. Title: Old Gun Mill Passage: Old Gun Mill, also referred to as "Colt Gun Mill", is a notable historic mill in Paterson, New Jersey where the Colt revolver was first produced in the 1830s, and where John Ryle produced and manufactured silk for the first time in the United States. As of 2008, the mill is in ruins near the banks of the Passaic Falls in Paterson but efforts to save this historic structure are still being attempted. Title: LeMat Revolver Passage: The LeMat revolver was a. 42 or. 36 caliber cap & ball black powder revolver invented by Jean Alexandre LeMat of New Orleans, which featured an unusual secondary 20 gauge smooth - bore barrel capable of firing buckshot. It saw service with the armed forces of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War of 1861 -- 65 and the Army of the Government of National Defense during the Franco - Prussian War. Title: QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss Passage: The QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss or in French use Canon Hotchkiss à tir rapide de 47 mm were a family of long-lived light naval guns introduced in 1886 to defend against new, small and fast vessels such as torpedo boats and later submarines. There were many variants produced, often under license which ranged in length from 32 to 50 calibers but 40 caliber was the most common version. They were widely used by the navies of a number of nations and often used by both sides in a conflict. They were also used ashore as coastal defense guns and later as an anti-aircraft gun, whether on improvised or specialized HA/LA mounts. Title: Anti-aircraft warfare Passage: After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system including both search and targeting radar, which calculated the aim point for the guns after considering windage and ballistics, and then sent electrical commands to the guns, which used hydraulics to point themselves at high speeds. Operators simply fed the guns and selected the targets. This system, modern even by today's standards, was in late development when the war ended. Title: Roads of Destiny Passage: Roads of Destiny was a 1921 American silent drama film produced and distributed by Goldwyn Pictures. The film is based on the story of the same name by O. Henry that was turned into a play by Channing Pollock starring Florence Reed. Frank Lloyd directed and stage actress Pauline Frederick starred. The film is now considered lost. Title: Battle Clash Passage: Battle Clash is a mecha-themed light gun shooting game produced by Nintendo and Intelligent Systems and released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. The game supports the Super Nintendo's light gun, the Super Scope. It was followed by "" during the following year. Title: Pre-dreadnought battleship Passage: Pre-dreadnoughts carried guns of several different calibres, for different roles in ship-to-ship combat. The main armament was four heavy guns, mounted in two centre-line turrets fore and aft. Very few pre-dreadnoughts deviated from this arrangement. These guns were slow-firing, and initially of limited accuracy; but they were the only guns heavy enough to penetrate the thick armour which protected the engines, magazines, and main guns of enemy battleships.The most common calibre for the main armament was 12-inch (305 mm), although some ships used smaller guns because they could attain higher rates of fire; British battleships from the Majestic class onwards carried this calibre, as did French ships from the Charlemagne class (laid down in 1894). Japan, importing most of its guns from Britain, used 12-inch guns. The United States used both 12-inch (305 mm) and 13-inch (330 mm) guns for most of the 1890s until the Maine class (not to be confused with the earlier Maine of Spanish–American War notoriety), laid down in 1899, after which the 12-inch gun was universal. The Russians used both 12 and 10-inch (254 mm) as their main armament; the Petropavlovsk class, Retvizan, Tsesarevich, and Borodino class had 12-inch (305 mm) main batteries while the Peresvet class mounted 10-inch (254 mm) guns. The first German pre-dreadnought class used an 11-inch (279 mm) gun but decreased to a 9.4-inch (239 mm) gun for the two following classes and returned to 11-inch guns with the Braunschweig class. Title: Anti-aircraft warfare Passage: In 1925 the British adopted a new instrument developed by Vickers. It was a mechanical analogue computer Predictor AA No 1. Given the target height its operators tracked the target and the predictor produced bearing, quadrant elevation and fuse setting. These were passed electrically to the guns where they were displayed on repeater dials to the layers who 'matched pointers' (target data and the gun's actual data) to lay the guns. This system of repeater electrical dials built on the arrangements introduced by British coast artillery in the 1880s, and coast artillery was the background of many AA officers. Similar systems were adopted in other countries and for example the later Sperry device, designated M3A3 in the US was also used by Britain as the Predictor AA No 2. Height finders were also increasing in size, in Britain, the World War I Barr & Stroud UB 2 (7 feet optical base) was replaced by the UB 7 (9 feet optical base) and the UB 10 (18 feet optical base, only used on static AA sites). Goertz in Germany and Levallois in France produced 5 metre instruments. However, in most countries the main effort in HAA guns until the mid-1930s was improving existing ones, although various new designs were on drawing boards.	[ "Pollock (film)", "LeMat Revolver" ]
2hop__6827_75783	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Horse That Bud Bought is the fourth studio album from heavy metal band Galactic Cowboys. The album title comes from the lyrics to the song \"Oregon\". The song is derived from real life events where bassist Monty Colvin and his family (mother and father) sold all of their worldly goods and joined a cult that lived in a commune up in the mountains of Oregon. The cult leader was upset that Monty's father had bought him a horse and told him he had to give it to the whole \"family\".", "title": "The Horse That Bud Bought" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On January 11, 2008, Bank of America announced that it planned to purchase Countrywide Financial for $4.1 billion in stock. On June 5, 2008, Bank of America Corporation announced it had received approval from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to purchase Countrywide Financial Corporation. Then, on June 25, 2008, Countrywide announced it had received the approval of 69% of its shareholders to the planned merger with Bank of America. On July 1, 2008, Bank of America Corporation completed its purchase of Countrywide Financial Corporation. In 1997, Countrywide had spun off Countrywide Mortgage Investment as an independent company called IndyMac Bank. Federal regulators seized IndyMac on July 11, 2008, after a week - long bank run.", "title": "Bank of America Home Loans" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Litton Industries was a large defense contractor in the United States named after inventor Charles Litton, Sr., bought by the Northrop Grumman Corporation in 2001.", "title": "Litton Industries" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khwaja Abdul Ghani was the second son of Khwaja Alimullah, who consolidated the Khwaja family estate to become the first Nawab of the family. He inherited the estate from his father, which included the French \"kuthi\" at Kumartuli bought by Alimullah in 1830, the Shahbag garden bought by Alimullah from Griffith Cook, a British Justice in 1840. His mother was Zinat Begum. Alimullah had 8 other wives and 15 other children.", "title": "Khwaja Abdul Ghani" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "They competed in the 2010–11 Iran Football's 2nd Division. In 2011, the license of the club in 2nd Division League was bought by Badr Hormozgan.", "title": "Ariyana Gostar Kish F.C." }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jofa was a subsidiary of Volvo 1973-1985 and in 1989 the company was bought by Karhu Canada Inc. Since 2004, Jofa is a part of Reebok.", "title": "Jofa" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bank of America Home Loans is the mortgage unit of Bank of America. In 2008, Bank of America purchased the failing Countrywide Financial for $4.1 billion. In 2006, Countrywide financed 20% of all mortgages in the United States, at a value of about 3.5% of United States GDP, a proportion greater than any other single mortgage lender.", "title": "Bank of America Home Loans" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tantalizingly Hot is the sixth album by American recording artist Stephanie Mills, released in 1982 and was produced by James Mtume & Reggie Lucas and Ashford & Simpson. It was her first release, by default, on Casablanca Records. In 1981, oil magnate and industrialist Marvin Davis (1925–2004) and financier Marc Rich (1934–2013) bought Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, which owned her previous label, 20th Century-Fox Records, for a grand total of $703 million.", "title": "Tantalizingly Hot" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Live in the UK 2008 is a live album by American rock band Paramore. The album is limited edition, with only a small number released featuring 3 live performances in Manchester, Brixton and Birmingham. It is believed that only 1000 copies of this release were made. Originally, there was going to be an option at each of the concerts to choose which live album could be bought. This was changed to only the Manchester live album being available at each of the dates. Brixton and Birmingham live albums had to be bought by February 5.", "title": "Live in the UK 2008" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilton Candy Kitchen is a combination ice cream parlor, soda fountain and confectionery store located in Wilton, Iowa, United States. The two-story wood frame building has a gable roof that is obstructed on the main facade by a false front. It retains its interior from 1922. The shop was founded in 1867, and it is considered to be the oldest continuing business of its type in the United States. The business was bought by Gus Nopoulos, a Greek immigrant who worked in his uncle's candy store in Davenport, Iowa before he bought this store in 1910 with Nick Parros. The building already contained the candy making equipment, a soda fountain, and other furnishings. In 1913 Nopoulos bought the building and bought out his partner. The tin ceiling was installed in 1915. He acquired the interior furnishings from the Elite Confectionery in Davenport and had them installed here in 1922. Gus Nopoulos continued to be involved with the shop until his death in 1983. His son George and daughter-in-law Thelma were also involved in the operation of the business.", "title": "Wilton Candy Kitchen" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2004, Bank of America announced it would purchase Boston - based bank FleetBoston Financial for $47 billion in cash and stock. By merging with Bank of America, all of its banks and branches were given the Bank of America logo. At the time of merger, FleetBoston was the seventh largest bank in United States with $197 billion in assets, over 20 million customers and revenue of $12 billion. Hundreds of FleetBoston workers lost their jobs or were demoted, according to The Boston Globe.", "title": "Bank of America" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Casares was the founder and CEO of Lemon Wallet, a digital wallet platform. In 2013 the American firm LifeLock bought Lemon for about $43 million (US).", "title": "Wences Casares" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's. Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and was ranked the 129th most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blackstone Real Estate Acquisitions of New York bought The Ritz - Carlton Boston at auction for $75 million in February 1998. A month later, Marriott International of Bethesda, Maryland, acquired the hotel from Blackstone for $100 million. Marriott, which franchises and manages Marriott's 325,000 rooms, then bought The Ritz - Carlton Hotel Co. and rights to The Ritz - Carlton name worldwide from W.B. Johnson for $290 million in a two - part transaction completed in 1998.", "title": "The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for \"unfair business practices\" and \"false advertising\" was making high cost mortgages \"to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments\". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs then had little incentive to pay their monthly payments, since their home equity had disappeared. This caused Countrywide's financial condition to deteriorate, ultimately resulting in a decision by the Office of Thrift Supervision to seize the lender.", "title": "Tanzania" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "PizzaExpress was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1993 with franchises opening across the UK. UK franchises were then bought back en masse in 1996. TDR Capital and Capricorn Associates then bought the company in 2003 turning it private again. In 2005, PizzaExpress floated on the London Stock Exchange, as part of the Gondola Holdings PLC. It was then bought by private equity group Cinven as the Gondola Group in 2007. On 12 July 2014 it was announced that Chinese group Hony Capital had bought PizzaExpress for £900m.", "title": "PizzaExpress" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hotel Dajti was bought for 30 million euro by the Bank of Albania and is not currently functioning as a hotel.", "title": "Hotel Dajti" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "About 1987, Cinematronics was acquired by Tradewest and renamed the Leland Corporation and continued to make arcade and PC game software. Tradewest was bought out by WMS in 1994 to become their console division.", "title": "Cinematronics" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ted Kennedy also bought President Kennedy's house from his daughter, Caroline Kennedy. This house now belongs to Ted Kennedy Jr.", "title": "Kennedy Compound" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cô nàng bất đắc dĩ (Unavoidable Girl) is a Vietnamese television series, shown first on VTV3 channel. This movie bought the rights from the film adaptation of Argentina - \"Lalola\".", "title": "Unavoidable Girl" } ]	When was countrywide bought by the company that bought FleetBoston Financial?	July 1, 2008	[]	Title: Ariyana Gostar Kish F.C. Passage: They competed in the 2010–11 Iran Football's 2nd Division. In 2011, the license of the club in 2nd Division League was bought by Badr Hormozgan. Title: Boston Passage: Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's. Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and was ranked the 129th most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities. Title: Hotel Dajti Passage: Hotel Dajti was bought for 30 million euro by the Bank of Albania and is not currently functioning as a hotel. Title: Bank of America Home Loans Passage: Bank of America Home Loans is the mortgage unit of Bank of America. In 2008, Bank of America purchased the failing Countrywide Financial for $4.1 billion. In 2006, Countrywide financed 20% of all mortgages in the United States, at a value of about 3.5% of United States GDP, a proportion greater than any other single mortgage lender. Title: The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company Passage: Blackstone Real Estate Acquisitions of New York bought The Ritz - Carlton Boston at auction for $75 million in February 1998. A month later, Marriott International of Bethesda, Maryland, acquired the hotel from Blackstone for $100 million. Marriott, which franchises and manages Marriott's 325,000 rooms, then bought The Ritz - Carlton Hotel Co. and rights to The Ritz - Carlton name worldwide from W.B. Johnson for $290 million in a two - part transaction completed in 1998. Title: Bank of America Passage: In 2004, Bank of America announced it would purchase Boston - based bank FleetBoston Financial for $47 billion in cash and stock. By merging with Bank of America, all of its banks and branches were given the Bank of America logo. At the time of merger, FleetBoston was the seventh largest bank in United States with $197 billion in assets, over 20 million customers and revenue of $12 billion. Hundreds of FleetBoston workers lost their jobs or were demoted, according to The Boston Globe. Title: Wilton Candy Kitchen Passage: Wilton Candy Kitchen is a combination ice cream parlor, soda fountain and confectionery store located in Wilton, Iowa, United States. The two-story wood frame building has a gable roof that is obstructed on the main facade by a false front. It retains its interior from 1922. The shop was founded in 1867, and it is considered to be the oldest continuing business of its type in the United States. The business was bought by Gus Nopoulos, a Greek immigrant who worked in his uncle's candy store in Davenport, Iowa before he bought this store in 1910 with Nick Parros. The building already contained the candy making equipment, a soda fountain, and other furnishings. In 1913 Nopoulos bought the building and bought out his partner. The tin ceiling was installed in 1915. He acquired the interior furnishings from the Elite Confectionery in Davenport and had them installed here in 1922. Gus Nopoulos continued to be involved with the shop until his death in 1983. His son George and daughter-in-law Thelma were also involved in the operation of the business. Title: Khwaja Abdul Ghani Passage: Khwaja Abdul Ghani was the second son of Khwaja Alimullah, who consolidated the Khwaja family estate to become the first Nawab of the family. He inherited the estate from his father, which included the French "kuthi" at Kumartuli bought by Alimullah in 1830, the Shahbag garden bought by Alimullah from Griffith Cook, a British Justice in 1840. His mother was Zinat Begum. Alimullah had 8 other wives and 15 other children. Title: The Horse That Bud Bought Passage: The Horse That Bud Bought is the fourth studio album from heavy metal band Galactic Cowboys. The album title comes from the lyrics to the song "Oregon". The song is derived from real life events where bassist Monty Colvin and his family (mother and father) sold all of their worldly goods and joined a cult that lived in a commune up in the mountains of Oregon. The cult leader was upset that Monty's father had bought him a horse and told him he had to give it to the whole "family". Title: Jofa Passage: Jofa was a subsidiary of Volvo 1973-1985 and in 1989 the company was bought by Karhu Canada Inc. Since 2004, Jofa is a part of Reebok. Title: PizzaExpress Passage: PizzaExpress was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1993 with franchises opening across the UK. UK franchises were then bought back en masse in 1996. TDR Capital and Capricorn Associates then bought the company in 2003 turning it private again. In 2005, PizzaExpress floated on the London Stock Exchange, as part of the Gondola Holdings PLC. It was then bought by private equity group Cinven as the Gondola Group in 2007. On 12 July 2014 it was announced that Chinese group Hony Capital had bought PizzaExpress for £900m. Title: Unavoidable Girl Passage: Cô nàng bất đắc dĩ (Unavoidable Girl) is a Vietnamese television series, shown first on VTV3 channel. This movie bought the rights from the film adaptation of Argentina - "Lalola". Title: Wences Casares Passage: Casares was the founder and CEO of Lemon Wallet, a digital wallet platform. In 2013 the American firm LifeLock bought Lemon for about $43 million (US). Title: Live in the UK 2008 Passage: Live in the UK 2008 is a live album by American rock band Paramore. The album is limited edition, with only a small number released featuring 3 live performances in Manchester, Brixton and Birmingham. It is believed that only 1000 copies of this release were made. Originally, there was going to be an option at each of the concerts to choose which live album could be bought. This was changed to only the Manchester live album being available at each of the dates. Brixton and Birmingham live albums had to be bought by February 5. Title: Bank of America Home Loans Passage: On January 11, 2008, Bank of America announced that it planned to purchase Countrywide Financial for $4.1 billion in stock. On June 5, 2008, Bank of America Corporation announced it had received approval from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to purchase Countrywide Financial Corporation. Then, on June 25, 2008, Countrywide announced it had received the approval of 69% of its shareholders to the planned merger with Bank of America. On July 1, 2008, Bank of America Corporation completed its purchase of Countrywide Financial Corporation. In 1997, Countrywide had spun off Countrywide Mortgage Investment as an independent company called IndyMac Bank. Federal regulators seized IndyMac on July 11, 2008, after a week - long bank run. Title: Litton Industries Passage: Litton Industries was a large defense contractor in the United States named after inventor Charles Litton, Sr., bought by the Northrop Grumman Corporation in 2001. Title: Tanzania Passage: Countrywide, sued by California Attorney General Jerry Brown for "unfair business practices" and "false advertising" was making high cost mortgages "to homeowners with weak credit, adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs) that allowed homeowners to make interest-only payments". When housing prices decreased, homeowners in ARMs then had little incentive to pay their monthly payments, since their home equity had disappeared. This caused Countrywide's financial condition to deteriorate, ultimately resulting in a decision by the Office of Thrift Supervision to seize the lender. Title: Kennedy Compound Passage: Ted Kennedy also bought President Kennedy's house from his daughter, Caroline Kennedy. This house now belongs to Ted Kennedy Jr. Title: Tantalizingly Hot Passage: Tantalizingly Hot is the sixth album by American recording artist Stephanie Mills, released in 1982 and was produced by James Mtume & Reggie Lucas and Ashford & Simpson. It was her first release, by default, on Casablanca Records. In 1981, oil magnate and industrialist Marvin Davis (1925–2004) and financier Marc Rich (1934–2013) bought Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, which owned her previous label, 20th Century-Fox Records, for a grand total of $703 million. Title: Cinematronics Passage: About 1987, Cinematronics was acquired by Tradewest and renamed the Leland Corporation and continued to make arcade and PC game software. Tradewest was bought out by WMS in 1994 to become their console division.	[ "Bank of America Home Loans", "Boston" ]
2hop__77134_88165	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alix Liddell was the daughter of Rose Kerr, a pioneer of Girl Guiding, and Admiral Mark Kerr, British Navy. Her great-grandfather was the 6th Marquess of Lothian. On 28 July 1937 she married Maurice Arthur Liddell, OBE (1905–1976) a nephew of Alice Liddell of Alice in Wonderland fame. They had two children: Virginia Sarah Alix Ashton (born 16 September 1941) and Judith Rose Jackson (born 2 October 1944)", "title": "Alix Liddell" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chunghee Sarah Soh or Sarah Soh is a Korean-American professor of Anthropology at San Francisco State University. She is a sociocultural anthropologist who specializes in issues of women, gender, sexuality.", "title": "Chunghee Sarah Soh" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Temptation of Sarah Jane Smith is a story of \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" which was broadcast on CBBC on 17 and 24 November 2008. It is the fifth serial of the second series.", "title": "The Temptation of Sarah Jane Smith" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Southwold Township, Canada West in 1850, the son of William Casey, an Irish immigrant, and Sarah Elliott. Casey studied at the University of Toronto. He served as chief government whip from 1874 to 1878. In 1877, he married Sarah Isabella, the daughter of James Lyons Biggar. He ran unsuccessfully as an Independent Liberal in 1900. Casey was a captain in the local militia. He also contributed to the St. Thomas \"Journal\" and the London \"Advertiser\" and served as president of the Canadian Press Association. He lived in Fingal. Casey was the driving force behind federal civil service reform aimed at reducing patronage. In 1903, he was named to the staff of the Canadian Parliamentary Library in Ottawa. He died in Ottawa at the age of 53.", "title": "George Elliott Casey" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Incredible Sarah is a 1976 British drama film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Glenda Jackson. It presents a dramatization of the acting career of Sarah Bernhardt.", "title": "The Incredible Sarah" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ellen Vesta Emery Hamlin (September 14, 1835 – February 1, 1925) was the second wife of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin who served in the first term of the administration of President Abraham Lincoln. They were married a year after the death of his first wife Sarah Jane Emery in 1855 who was also her half-sister. She had two children with Hannibal Hamlin: Hannibal Emery, who later became the attorney general of Maine, and Frank. Hamlin also had four children from his first marriage: George Hamlin, Charles Hamlin, Cyrus Hamlin, and Sarah Hamlin Batchelder.", "title": "Ellen Hamlin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sarah Stewart (born 1939) is an American author of children's books. She is married to David Small and lives in a manor house in Mendon, Michigan.", "title": "Sarah Stewart (author)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goodbye, Sarah Jane Smith is a two-part story of \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" which was broadcast on CBBC on 15 and 16 November 2010. It is the sixth and final story of the fourth series and is also the last to feature the robot dog K9.", "title": "Goodbye, Sarah Jane Smith" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau. According to biblical tradition, Rebecca was the daughter of Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram, also called Aram - Naharaim, and sister of Laban the Aramean. She was the grand daughter of Milcah (Sarah's sister according to Talmudic teachings) and Nahor (brother of Abraham). Rebecca and Isaac were one of the four couples that some believe are buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs, the other three being Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, and Jacob and Leah.", "title": "Rebecca" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sarah or Sara is a matriarch in the Hebrew Bible, who is the wife of Abraham and the mother of Isaac. She is described once as Abraham's sister, and another time as his half -- sister, each in a context where Abraham is dealing with a ruler whom Abraham fears will take her.", "title": "Sarah" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In ancient times, tribal nations preferred endogamous marriage -- marriage to one's relatives; the ideal marriage was usually that to a cousin, and it was often forbidden for an eldest daughter to even marry outside the family. Marriage to a half - sister, for example, is considered incest by most nations today, but was common behaviour for Egyptian pharaohs; similarly, the Book of Genesis portrays Sarah as marrying Abraham, her half - brother, without criticising the close genetic relationship between them, and the Book of Samuel treats the marriage of a royal prince to his half - sister as unusual, rather than wicked.", "title": "Incest in the Bible" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Keturah (Hebrew: קְטוּרָה ‎, Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qəṭûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons.", "title": "Keturah" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hamma Hammami was born on 8 January 1952 in El Aroussa, Tunisia. He is married to the human rights lawyer Radhia Nasraoui. Together they have three daughters, Nadia, Oussaïma and Sarah.", "title": "Hamma Hammami" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Angell was the son of James Burrill Angell and Sarah Swope Caswell, and was named for his maternal grandfather, Alexis Caswell, later President of Brown University. Angell was 14 when his family moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan when his father was appointed President of the University of Michigan. In 1880, he married Fanny Cary Cooley, daughter of Law Professor Thomas McIntyre Cooley.", "title": "Alexis Caswell Angell" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alcidice (Ancient Greek: Ἀλκιδίκη) was in Greek mythology the daughter of Aleus, king of Arcadia. She married Salmoneus, king of Elis and bore a daughter, Tyro. After her death Salmoneus married Sidero.", "title": "Alcidice" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1766, Frances married John Crewe, who became Lord Crewe. She was accustomed to entertain, at Crewe Hall, her husband's seat in Cheshire, and at her villa at Hampstead, some of the most distinguished of her contemporaries. Fox, who much admired her, Burke, Sheridan, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Canning were frequent visitors. She was also on friendly terms with Charles Burney and Sarah Burney and Hester Thrale.", "title": "Frances Crewe, Lady Crewe" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1839, Haight married Sarah Louise Burgoyne, of Charleston, South Carolina. He moved to Westchester, New York (now in The Bronx, but then in Westchester County) in 1850. He was a director of the National Bank of New York. He organized the Bank of the Commonwealth of New York City in 1856, and was its president until 1870. After 1870, he was in business with his son Edward Jr. in the brokerage firm of Haight & Company on Wall Street.", "title": "Edward Haight (politician)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Paxton (May 21, 1911, Kansas City, Missouri - January 5, 1985, Santa Monica, California) was an American screenwriter. He was married to Sarah Jane, who worked in public relations for 20th Century Fox.", "title": "John Paxton" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Haggard was born in London but grew up on a small farm in Clackmannanshire. He is the great-great-nephew of H. Rider Haggard, and is the son of the actor, poet and novelist Stephen Haggard who died in 1943. Haggard is married to stained glass artist Anna Sklovsky, with whom he has two children, the actress Daisy Haggard, and William Haggard who is an architect. He has four children by his first marriage, Sarah, Claire, Rachel and Philip.", "title": "Piers Haggard" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lilian Turner (21 August 1867 – 25 August 1956), born Lilian Wattnall Burwell, was the elder sister of Ethel Turner and the daughter of Bennett George and Sarah Jane Burwell. Bennett George Burwell died when Lilian was still a young child, and her mother married a widower, Henry Turner, a year later. Both Lilian and Ethel would later take their step-father's name for their professional writing careers. Sarah and Henry had a daughter, Jeannie Rose (born 1873), but Henry died suddenly in 1878. The following year, Sarah took her three daughters to Australia, where she met and married Charles Cope in Sydney.", "title": "Lilian Turner" } ]	Who did the person Sarah married to in the bible marry after the death of Sarah?	Keturah	[]	Title: Rebecca Passage: Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau. According to biblical tradition, Rebecca was the daughter of Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram, also called Aram - Naharaim, and sister of Laban the Aramean. She was the grand daughter of Milcah (Sarah's sister according to Talmudic teachings) and Nahor (brother of Abraham). Rebecca and Isaac were one of the four couples that some believe are buried in the Cave of the Patriarchs, the other three being Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, and Jacob and Leah. Title: Chunghee Sarah Soh Passage: Chunghee Sarah Soh or Sarah Soh is a Korean-American professor of Anthropology at San Francisco State University. She is a sociocultural anthropologist who specializes in issues of women, gender, sexuality. Title: Sarah Passage: Sarah or Sara is a matriarch in the Hebrew Bible, who is the wife of Abraham and the mother of Isaac. She is described once as Abraham's sister, and another time as his half -- sister, each in a context where Abraham is dealing with a ruler whom Abraham fears will take her. Title: Piers Haggard Passage: Haggard was born in London but grew up on a small farm in Clackmannanshire. He is the great-great-nephew of H. Rider Haggard, and is the son of the actor, poet and novelist Stephen Haggard who died in 1943. Haggard is married to stained glass artist Anna Sklovsky, with whom he has two children, the actress Daisy Haggard, and William Haggard who is an architect. He has four children by his first marriage, Sarah, Claire, Rachel and Philip. Title: Keturah Passage: Keturah (Hebrew: קְטוּרָה ‎, Modern Ktura, Tiberian Qəṭûrā; possibly meaning ``incense '') was a concubine and wife of the Biblical patriarch Abraham. According to the Book of Genesis, Abraham married Keturah after the death of his first wife, Sarah. Abraham and Keturah had six sons. Title: Edward Haight (politician) Passage: In 1839, Haight married Sarah Louise Burgoyne, of Charleston, South Carolina. He moved to Westchester, New York (now in The Bronx, but then in Westchester County) in 1850. He was a director of the National Bank of New York. He organized the Bank of the Commonwealth of New York City in 1856, and was its president until 1870. After 1870, he was in business with his son Edward Jr. in the brokerage firm of Haight & Company on Wall Street. Title: Hamma Hammami Passage: Hamma Hammami was born on 8 January 1952 in El Aroussa, Tunisia. He is married to the human rights lawyer Radhia Nasraoui. Together they have three daughters, Nadia, Oussaïma and Sarah. Title: Goodbye, Sarah Jane Smith Passage: Goodbye, Sarah Jane Smith is a two-part story of "The Sarah Jane Adventures" which was broadcast on CBBC on 15 and 16 November 2010. It is the sixth and final story of the fourth series and is also the last to feature the robot dog K9. Title: Ellen Hamlin Passage: Ellen Vesta Emery Hamlin (September 14, 1835 – February 1, 1925) was the second wife of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin who served in the first term of the administration of President Abraham Lincoln. They were married a year after the death of his first wife Sarah Jane Emery in 1855 who was also her half-sister. She had two children with Hannibal Hamlin: Hannibal Emery, who later became the attorney general of Maine, and Frank. Hamlin also had four children from his first marriage: George Hamlin, Charles Hamlin, Cyrus Hamlin, and Sarah Hamlin Batchelder. Title: John Paxton Passage: John Paxton (May 21, 1911, Kansas City, Missouri - January 5, 1985, Santa Monica, California) was an American screenwriter. He was married to Sarah Jane, who worked in public relations for 20th Century Fox. Title: George Elliott Casey Passage: He was born in Southwold Township, Canada West in 1850, the son of William Casey, an Irish immigrant, and Sarah Elliott. Casey studied at the University of Toronto. He served as chief government whip from 1874 to 1878. In 1877, he married Sarah Isabella, the daughter of James Lyons Biggar. He ran unsuccessfully as an Independent Liberal in 1900. Casey was a captain in the local militia. He also contributed to the St. Thomas "Journal" and the London "Advertiser" and served as president of the Canadian Press Association. He lived in Fingal. Casey was the driving force behind federal civil service reform aimed at reducing patronage. In 1903, he was named to the staff of the Canadian Parliamentary Library in Ottawa. He died in Ottawa at the age of 53. Title: Alcidice Passage: Alcidice (Ancient Greek: Ἀλκιδίκη) was in Greek mythology the daughter of Aleus, king of Arcadia. She married Salmoneus, king of Elis and bore a daughter, Tyro. After her death Salmoneus married Sidero. Title: Sarah Stewart (author) Passage: Sarah Stewart (born 1939) is an American author of children's books. She is married to David Small and lives in a manor house in Mendon, Michigan. Title: Incest in the Bible Passage: In ancient times, tribal nations preferred endogamous marriage -- marriage to one's relatives; the ideal marriage was usually that to a cousin, and it was often forbidden for an eldest daughter to even marry outside the family. Marriage to a half - sister, for example, is considered incest by most nations today, but was common behaviour for Egyptian pharaohs; similarly, the Book of Genesis portrays Sarah as marrying Abraham, her half - brother, without criticising the close genetic relationship between them, and the Book of Samuel treats the marriage of a royal prince to his half - sister as unusual, rather than wicked. Title: Alexis Caswell Angell Passage: Angell was the son of James Burrill Angell and Sarah Swope Caswell, and was named for his maternal grandfather, Alexis Caswell, later President of Brown University. Angell was 14 when his family moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan when his father was appointed President of the University of Michigan. In 1880, he married Fanny Cary Cooley, daughter of Law Professor Thomas McIntyre Cooley. Title: The Incredible Sarah Passage: The Incredible Sarah is a 1976 British drama film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Glenda Jackson. It presents a dramatization of the acting career of Sarah Bernhardt. Title: The Temptation of Sarah Jane Smith Passage: The Temptation of Sarah Jane Smith is a story of "The Sarah Jane Adventures" which was broadcast on CBBC on 17 and 24 November 2008. It is the fifth serial of the second series. Title: Alix Liddell Passage: Alix Liddell was the daughter of Rose Kerr, a pioneer of Girl Guiding, and Admiral Mark Kerr, British Navy. Her great-grandfather was the 6th Marquess of Lothian. On 28 July 1937 she married Maurice Arthur Liddell, OBE (1905–1976) a nephew of Alice Liddell of Alice in Wonderland fame. They had two children: Virginia Sarah Alix Ashton (born 16 September 1941) and Judith Rose Jackson (born 2 October 1944) Title: Frances Crewe, Lady Crewe Passage: In 1766, Frances married John Crewe, who became Lord Crewe. She was accustomed to entertain, at Crewe Hall, her husband's seat in Cheshire, and at her villa at Hampstead, some of the most distinguished of her contemporaries. Fox, who much admired her, Burke, Sheridan, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Canning were frequent visitors. She was also on friendly terms with Charles Burney and Sarah Burney and Hester Thrale. Title: Lilian Turner Passage: Lilian Turner (21 August 1867 – 25 August 1956), born Lilian Wattnall Burwell, was the elder sister of Ethel Turner and the daughter of Bennett George and Sarah Jane Burwell. Bennett George Burwell died when Lilian was still a young child, and her mother married a widower, Henry Turner, a year later. Both Lilian and Ethel would later take their step-father's name for their professional writing careers. Sarah and Henry had a daughter, Jeannie Rose (born 1873), but Henry died suddenly in 1878. The following year, Sarah took her three daughters to Australia, where she met and married Charles Cope in Sydney.	[ "Sarah", "Keturah" ]
2hop__24661_81961	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The regular season will begin on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. Each team will receive a five - day ``bye week '', all of which will take place in mid-January. The regular season schedule was released on June 21.", "title": "2018–19 NHL season" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brock McGinn (born February 2, 1994) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 47th overall by the Hurricanes in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.", "title": "Brock McGinn" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1969–70 AHL season was the 34th season of the American Hockey League. Nine teams played 72 games each in the schedule. The Montreal Voyageurs became the second Canada-based team in the league, and finished first overall in the regular season. This would be the last season for the Buffalo Bisons in the AHL as the National Hockey League added the Buffalo Sabres who would begin play the next season, the Bisons would go out on top by winning fifth Calder Cup championship.", "title": "1969–70 AHL season" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brett Pesce (born November 15, 1994) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 66th overall by the Hurricanes in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.", "title": "Brett Pesce" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 -- 19 NHL season is the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams are competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season began on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in late May to early June.", "title": "2018–19 NHL season" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2005–06 Southern Professional Hockey League season was the second season of the Southern Professional Hockey League. The regular season began October 21, 2005, and ended April 12, 2006, after a 56-game regular season and a six-team playoff. The Knoxville Ice Bears won their first SPHL championship.", "title": "2005–06 SPHL season" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 -- 18 NHL season is the 101st season of operation (100th season of play) of the National Hockey League. With the addition of a new expansion team, the Vegas Golden Knights, 31 teams compete in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season began on October 4, 2017, and will end on April 7, 2018. The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June.", "title": "2017–18 NHL season" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bryan Bickell (born March 9, 1986) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2013 and 2015, and played in four early playoff games during the team's run to the 2010 Stanley Cup championship. Bickell spent nearly 10 years with the Blackhawks organization before being traded to the Hurricanes before the season. He was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis later that year and retired from playing hockey at the end of the season.", "title": "Bryan Bickell" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burt played four seasons for the Ontario Hockey League's North Bay Centennials before joining the Whalers organization. He made his NHL debut for Hartford in the 1988–89 season, and he remained with the franchise through its transformation into the Carolina Hurricanes in 1997. Burt parted ways with the Hurricanes on March 6, 1999, when he was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Andrei Kovalenko. Burt played his final NHL season with the Atlanta Thrashers in 2000–01.", "title": "Adam Burt" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2000-01 Western Professional Hockey League season was the fifth and final season of the Western Professional Hockey League, a North American minor pro league. 14 teams participated in the regular season, and the Bossier-Shreveport Mudbugs were the league champions.", "title": "2000–01 WPHL season" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Danny Biega (born September 29, 1991) is a Canadian ice hockey defenceman who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected by the Hurricanes in the third round (67th overall) of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. His brother is Alex Biega of the Vancouver Canucks.", "title": "Danny Biega" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicolas Blanchard (born May 31, 1987) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League with the Carolina Hurricanes. He was selected in the 6th round, 192nd overall, by the Hurricanes in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.", "title": "Nicolas Blanchard" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1978, Morielli signed with the Houston Hurricane of the North American Soccer League. He would play three seasons with the Hurricane. In the fall of 1978, he began his indoor career with the Houston Summit of the Major Indoor Soccer League. The Summit drew most of its roster from the Hurricane. After two seasons with the Summit, Morielli moved to the Baltimore Blast for one season before finishing his career with the Hartford Hellions.", "title": "Gerry Morielli" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 29, 2009, Alexander Salák was signed by the Florida Panthers of the NHL. He was assigned to their AHL farm team, the Rochester Americans after training camp. He was recalled by the Panthers and made his NHL debut on October 9, 2009 in a relief role in a game against the Carolina Hurricanes. On August 13, 2010, Alexander Salák was loaned to Färjestad BK of the Swedish Elite League for the 2010-11 season.", "title": "Alexander Salák" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Opening Day is the day on which professional baseball leagues begin their regular season. For Major League Baseball and most of the minor leagues, this day typically falls during the first week of April.", "title": "Opening Day" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nolan Pratt was selected in the 5th round, 115th overall, in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft by the Hartford Whalers from the Portland Winter Hawks of the Western Hockey League. Pratt made his NHL debut in the 1996–97 season with the Hartford Whalers, in the last year of the franchise. Pratt would then move with the team to the Carolina Hurricanes.", "title": "Nolan Pratt" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2001-02 West Coast Hockey League season was the seventh season of the West Coast Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Eight teams participated in the regular season, and the Fresno Falcons were the league champions.", "title": "2001–02 WCHL season" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marty Murray (born February 16, 1975) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played eight seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Calgary Flames, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes and Los Angeles Kings. He is currently the head coach of the Minot Minotauros.", "title": "Marty Murray" } ]	When does the regular season begin for the league the Carolina Hurricanes belong to?	October 4, 2017	[]	Title: 2005–06 SPHL season Passage: The 2005–06 Southern Professional Hockey League season was the second season of the Southern Professional Hockey League. The regular season began October 21, 2005, and ended April 12, 2006, after a 56-game regular season and a six-team playoff. The Knoxville Ice Bears won their first SPHL championship. Title: Danny Biega Passage: Danny Biega (born September 29, 1991) is a Canadian ice hockey defenceman who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was selected by the Hurricanes in the third round (67th overall) of the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. His brother is Alex Biega of the Vancouver Canucks. Title: 2018–19 NHL season Passage: The 2018 -- 19 NHL season is the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams are competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season began on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in late May to early June. Title: 1969–70 AHL season Passage: The 1969–70 AHL season was the 34th season of the American Hockey League. Nine teams played 72 games each in the schedule. The Montreal Voyageurs became the second Canada-based team in the league, and finished first overall in the regular season. This would be the last season for the Buffalo Bisons in the AHL as the National Hockey League added the Buffalo Sabres who would begin play the next season, the Bisons would go out on top by winning fifth Calder Cup championship. Title: Bryan Bickell Passage: Bryan Bickell (born March 9, 1986) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2013 and 2015, and played in four early playoff games during the team's run to the 2010 Stanley Cup championship. Bickell spent nearly 10 years with the Blackhawks organization before being traded to the Hurricanes before the season. He was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis later that year and retired from playing hockey at the end of the season. Title: Marty Murray Passage: Marty Murray (born February 16, 1975) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played eight seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Calgary Flames, Philadelphia Flyers, Carolina Hurricanes and Los Angeles Kings. He is currently the head coach of the Minot Minotauros. Title: 2001–02 WCHL season Passage: The 2001-02 West Coast Hockey League season was the seventh season of the West Coast Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Eight teams participated in the regular season, and the Fresno Falcons were the league champions. Title: Brett Pesce Passage: Brett Pesce (born November 15, 1994) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 66th overall by the Hurricanes in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. Title: Gerry Morielli Passage: In 1978, Morielli signed with the Houston Hurricane of the North American Soccer League. He would play three seasons with the Hurricane. In the fall of 1978, he began his indoor career with the Houston Summit of the Major Indoor Soccer League. The Summit drew most of its roster from the Hurricane. After two seasons with the Summit, Morielli moved to the Baltimore Blast for one season before finishing his career with the Hartford Hellions. Title: North Carolina Passage: In Raleigh many tourists visit the Capital, African American Cultural Complex, Contemporary Art Museum of Raleigh, Gregg Museum of Art & Design at NCSU, Haywood Hall House & Gardens, Marbles Kids Museum, North Carolina Museum of Art, North Carolina Museum of History, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame, Raleigh City Museum, J. C. Raulston Arboretum, Joel Lane House, Mordecai House, Montfort Hall, and the Pope House Museum. The Carolina Hurricanes NHL hockey team is also located in the city. Title: 2018–19 NHL season Passage: The regular season will begin on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. Each team will receive a five - day ``bye week '', all of which will take place in mid-January. The regular season schedule was released on June 21. Title: Brock McGinn Passage: Brock McGinn (born February 2, 1994) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward currently playing for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 47th overall by the Hurricanes in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. Title: 2017–18 NHL season Passage: The 2017 -- 18 NHL season is the 101st season of operation (100th season of play) of the National Hockey League. With the addition of a new expansion team, the Vegas Golden Knights, 31 teams compete in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season began on October 4, 2017, and will end on April 7, 2018. The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June. Title: 2000–01 WPHL season Passage: The 2000-01 Western Professional Hockey League season was the fifth and final season of the Western Professional Hockey League, a North American minor pro league. 14 teams participated in the regular season, and the Bossier-Shreveport Mudbugs were the league champions. Title: Nolan Pratt Passage: Nolan Pratt was selected in the 5th round, 115th overall, in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft by the Hartford Whalers from the Portland Winter Hawks of the Western Hockey League. Pratt made his NHL debut in the 1996–97 season with the Hartford Whalers, in the last year of the franchise. Pratt would then move with the team to the Carolina Hurricanes. Title: North Carolina Passage: North Carolina is home to three major league sports franchises: the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League and the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association are based in Charlotte, while the Raleigh-based Carolina Hurricanes play in the National Hockey League. The Panthers and Hurricanes are the only two major professional sports teams that have the same geographical designation while playing in different metropolitan areas. The Hurricanes are the only major professional team from North Carolina to have won a league championship, having captured the Stanley Cup in 2006. North Carolina is also home to Charlotte Hounds of the Major League Lacrosse. Title: Adam Burt Passage: Burt played four seasons for the Ontario Hockey League's North Bay Centennials before joining the Whalers organization. He made his NHL debut for Hartford in the 1988–89 season, and he remained with the franchise through its transformation into the Carolina Hurricanes in 1997. Burt parted ways with the Hurricanes on March 6, 1999, when he was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Andrei Kovalenko. Burt played his final NHL season with the Atlanta Thrashers in 2000–01. Title: Alexander Salák Passage: On May 29, 2009, Alexander Salák was signed by the Florida Panthers of the NHL. He was assigned to their AHL farm team, the Rochester Americans after training camp. He was recalled by the Panthers and made his NHL debut on October 9, 2009 in a relief role in a game against the Carolina Hurricanes. On August 13, 2010, Alexander Salák was loaned to Färjestad BK of the Swedish Elite League for the 2010-11 season. Title: Nicolas Blanchard Passage: Nicolas Blanchard (born May 31, 1987) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League with the Carolina Hurricanes. He was selected in the 6th round, 192nd overall, by the Hurricanes in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft. Title: Opening Day Passage: Opening Day is the day on which professional baseball leagues begin their regular season. For Major League Baseball and most of the minor leagues, this day typically falls during the first week of April.	[ "North Carolina", "2017–18 NHL season" ]
2hop__494659_5385	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Marianne and Juliane\" also marked the first time that von Trotta worked with Barbara Sukowa. They would go on to work on six more films together.", "title": "Marianne and Juliane" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the Gregorian calendar was implemented in Soviet Russia in February 1918 by dropping the Julian dates of 1 -- 13 February 1918 pursuant to a Sovnarkom decree, the Soviet calendar added five - and six - day work weeks between 1929 and 1940. Although the traditional seven - day week was still recognized, a day of rest on Sunday was replaced by one day of rest in each work week. Many sources erroneously state that the weeks were organized into 30 - day months from Roman calendar.", "title": "Soviet calendar" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Archivio di Nuova Scrittura (\"Archive of New Writing\", \"ANS\") is a cultural association founded in 1988 in Milan, Italy by art collector Paolo Della Grazia. The archive preserves a large artistic and documentary heritage about any form of artistic expression featuring the use of both the word and the sign. Born from the encounter between Della Grazia and artist Ugo Carrega, in the 1990s the ANS became the main Italian research center on visual poetry, organizing exhibitions, meetings and other cultural events. In 1998 the Archivio di Nuova Scrittura was deposited in part at the Mart in Rovereto (library, archives and some artworks) and in part at the Museion in Bozen (artworks only). The artwork section of the ANS includes about 1,600 works by international artists at Mart and about 2,000 at Museion. The ANS archives preserve, apart from the internal archive of the association (ANS fonds), the Fraccaro-Carrega fonds, containing the papers of collector Marco Fraccaro and visual poet Ugo Carrega. The library section, preserved at Mart, contains more than 10,000 volumes, among them 600 artist's books and hundreds of futurist first editions, and 500 art magazines including about 100 international artist's magazines.", "title": "Archivio di Nuova Scrittura" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sousa Archives and Center for American Music (SACAM) documents American music through historical artifacts and archival records in multiple formats. The center is part of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's library system and the University of Illinois School of Music.", "title": "Sousa Archives and Center for American Music" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sirkanay District (Sarkani District) is situated in the central part of Kunar Province, Afghanistan. It borders Pakistan to the south. The population is 24,200 (2006). The district administrative center is the village of Serkanay () at 775 m altitude. To the north the district borders the Kunar River, which irrigates the small part of arable land. Drought is the major problem of the people. The majority of the houses (70%) were destroyed during the wars. Many young men live and work in Pakistan.", "title": "Sirkanay District" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or \"dirty work\" (Hughes, 1951). Tracy and Trethewey (2005) state that \"individuals gravitate toward and turn away from particular jobs depending in part, on the extent to which they validate a \"preferred organizational self\" (Tracy & Tretheway 2005, p. 169). Some jobs carry different stigmas or acclaims. In her analysis Tracy uses the example of correctional officers trying to shake the stigma of \"glorified maids\" (Tracy & Tretheway 2005). \"The process by which people arrive at justifications of and values for various occupational choices.\" Among these are workplace satisfaction and overall quality of life (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 33). People in these types of jobs are forced to find ways in order to create an identity they can live with. \"Crafting a positive sense of self at work is more challenging when one's work is considered \"dirty\" by societal standards\" (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 7). \"In other words, doing taint management is not just about allowing the employee to feel good in that job. \"If employees must navigate discourses that question the viability of their work, and/ or experience obstacles in managing taint through transforming dirty work into a badge of honor, it is likely they will find blaming the client to be an efficacious route in affirming their identity\" (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 33).", "title": "Identity (social science)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Everywoman's Husband is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by Gilbert P. Hamilton and starring Gloria Swanson. A print of the film is preserved at the UCLA Film and Television Archive.", "title": "Everywoman's Husband" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the movements and invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, and few of the western bishops looked to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were more concerned with Byzantine affairs and eastern theological controversies. The register, or archived copies of the letters, of Pope Gregory the Great (pope 590–604) survived, and of those more than 850 letters, the vast majority were concerned with affairs in Italy or Constantinople. The only part of Western Europe where the papacy had influence was Britain, where Gregory had sent the Gregorian mission in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. Irish missionaries were most active in Western Europe between the 5th and the 7th centuries, going first to England and Scotland and then on to the continent. Under such monks as Columba (d. 597) and Columbanus (d. 615), they founded monasteries, taught in Latin and Greek, and authored secular and religious works.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Julian year, as used in astronomy and other sciences, is a time unit defined as exactly 365.25 days. This is the normal meaning of the unit ``year ''(symbol`` a'' from the Latin annus) used in various scientific contexts. The Julian century of 7004365250000000000 ♠ 36 525 days and the Julian millennium of 7005365250000000000 ♠ 365 250 days are used in astronomical calculations. Fundamentally, expressing a time interval in Julian years is a way to precisely specify how many days (not how many ``real ''years), for long time intervals where stating the number of days would be unwieldy and unintuitive. By convention, the Julian year is used in the computation of the distance covered by a light - year.", "title": "Year" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, located on the campus of Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, contains millions of primary source documents related to the labor history of the United States, urban affairs, and the Wayne State University Archives. The building is named for UAW President and Congress of Industrial Organizations President Walter Reuther.", "title": "Walter P. Reuther Library" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sanghaganam () is a 1979 Malayalam socio-political film directed by P. A. Backer based on a story by M. Sukumaran and starring Sreenivasan, Ramu Karyat, P. R. Nambyar and Madhu Master.", "title": "Sanghaganam" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many Muslims criticized the Umayyads for having too many non-Muslim, former Roman administrators in their government. St John of Damascus was also a high administrator in the Umayyad administration. As the Muslims took over cities, they left the peoples political representatives and the Roman tax collectors and the administrators. The taxes to the central government were calculated and negotiated by the peoples political representatives. The Central government got paid for the services it provided and the local government got the money for the services it provided. Many Christian cities also used some of the taxes on maintain their churches and run their own organizations. Later the Umayyads were criticized by some Muslims for not reducing the taxes of the people who converted to Islam. These new converts continues to pay the same taxes that were previously negotiated.", "title": "Umayyad Caliphate" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Julian Marshall is a British journalist and radio broadcaster working for the BBC. Marshall is one of the main presenters of \"Newshour\" on the BBC World Service.", "title": "Julian Marshall (journalist)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Have You Seen Drum Recently? is a 1989 film which uses photographs from the \"Drum\" archives to tell the story of the magazine and documents its contribution to the cultural and political life of South Africa.", "title": "Have You Seen Drum Recently?" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fourierism is the systematic set of economic, political, and social beliefs first espoused by French intellectual Charles Fourier (1772–1837). Based upon a belief in the inevitability of communal associations of people who worked and lived together as part of the human future, Fourier's committed supporters referred to his doctrines as Associationism. Political contemporaries and subsequent scholarship has identified Fourier's set of ideas as a form of utopian socialisma phrase which retains mild pejorative overtones.", "title": "Fourierism" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ronald M. Kanter (born February 25, 1948) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal from 1987 to 1990.", "title": "Ron Kanter" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Archives of Scientific Psychology is an open access academic journal published by the American Psychological Association. The journal publishes articles pertaining to the many different sub-fields of psychology, including neuroscience and political psychology. The journal includes articles that cover the many different research methodologies employed by psychologists. The editor-in-chief is Cecil R. Reynolds (Texas A&M University). It is abstracted and indexed in PsycINFO.", "title": "Archives of Scientific Psychology" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On June 18, 2009, the National Archives announced the launching of a YouTube channel \"to showcase popular archived films, inform the public about upcoming events around the country, and bring National Archives exhibits to the people.\" Also in 2009, the National Archives launched a Flickr photostream to share portions of its photographic holdings with the general public. A new teaching with documents website premiered in 2010 and was developed by the education team. The website features 3,000 documents, images, and recordings from the holdings of the Archives. The site also features lesson plans and tools for creating new classroom activities and lessons.", "title": "National Archives and Records Administration" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive at the University of Oklahoma is a depository for political television and radio commercials. The purpose of the archive is to preserve these materials while making them available for research. The Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive has been designated an official project by Save America's Treasures.", "title": "Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive" } ]	How many people work at the school that holds the Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive?	11,900	[]	Title: Sanghaganam Passage: Sanghaganam () is a 1979 Malayalam socio-political film directed by P. A. Backer based on a story by M. Sukumaran and starring Sreenivasan, Ramu Karyat, P. R. Nambyar and Madhu Master. Title: Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive Passage: The Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive at the University of Oklahoma is a depository for political television and radio commercials. The purpose of the archive is to preserve these materials while making them available for research. The Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive has been designated an official project by Save America's Treasures. Title: Soviet calendar Passage: While the Gregorian calendar was implemented in Soviet Russia in February 1918 by dropping the Julian dates of 1 -- 13 February 1918 pursuant to a Sovnarkom decree, the Soviet calendar added five - and six - day work weeks between 1929 and 1940. Although the traditional seven - day week was still recognized, a day of rest on Sunday was replaced by one day of rest in each work week. Many sources erroneously state that the weeks were organized into 30 - day months from Roman calendar. Title: Umayyad Caliphate Passage: Many Muslims criticized the Umayyads for having too many non-Muslim, former Roman administrators in their government. St John of Damascus was also a high administrator in the Umayyad administration. As the Muslims took over cities, they left the peoples political representatives and the Roman tax collectors and the administrators. The taxes to the central government were calculated and negotiated by the peoples political representatives. The Central government got paid for the services it provided and the local government got the money for the services it provided. Many Christian cities also used some of the taxes on maintain their churches and run their own organizations. Later the Umayyads were criticized by some Muslims for not reducing the taxes of the people who converted to Islam. These new converts continues to pay the same taxes that were previously negotiated. Title: Year Passage: The Julian year, as used in astronomy and other sciences, is a time unit defined as exactly 365.25 days. This is the normal meaning of the unit ``year ''(symbol`` a'' from the Latin annus) used in various scientific contexts. The Julian century of 7004365250000000000 ♠ 36 525 days and the Julian millennium of 7005365250000000000 ♠ 365 250 days are used in astronomical calculations. Fundamentally, expressing a time interval in Julian years is a way to precisely specify how many days (not how many ``real ''years), for long time intervals where stating the number of days would be unwieldy and unintuitive. By convention, the Julian year is used in the computation of the distance covered by a light - year. Title: Oklahoma City Passage: While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800). Title: Have You Seen Drum Recently? Passage: Have You Seen Drum Recently? is a 1989 film which uses photographs from the "Drum" archives to tell the story of the magazine and documents its contribution to the cultural and political life of South Africa. Title: Middle Ages Passage: The ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Empire survived the movements and invasions in the west mostly intact, but the papacy was little regarded, and few of the western bishops looked to the bishop of Rome for religious or political leadership. Many of the popes prior to 750 were more concerned with Byzantine affairs and eastern theological controversies. The register, or archived copies of the letters, of Pope Gregory the Great (pope 590–604) survived, and of those more than 850 letters, the vast majority were concerned with affairs in Italy or Constantinople. The only part of Western Europe where the papacy had influence was Britain, where Gregory had sent the Gregorian mission in 597 to convert the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity. Irish missionaries were most active in Western Europe between the 5th and the 7th centuries, going first to England and Scotland and then on to the continent. Under such monks as Columba (d. 597) and Columbanus (d. 615), they founded monasteries, taught in Latin and Greek, and authored secular and religious works. Title: Sousa Archives and Center for American Music Passage: The Sousa Archives and Center for American Music (SACAM) documents American music through historical artifacts and archival records in multiple formats. The center is part of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's library system and the University of Illinois School of Music. Title: National Archives and Records Administration Passage: On June 18, 2009, the National Archives announced the launching of a YouTube channel "to showcase popular archived films, inform the public about upcoming events around the country, and bring National Archives exhibits to the people." Also in 2009, the National Archives launched a Flickr photostream to share portions of its photographic holdings with the general public. A new teaching with documents website premiered in 2010 and was developed by the education team. The website features 3,000 documents, images, and recordings from the holdings of the Archives. The site also features lesson plans and tools for creating new classroom activities and lessons. Title: Julian Marshall (journalist) Passage: Julian Marshall is a British journalist and radio broadcaster working for the BBC. Marshall is one of the main presenters of "Newshour" on the BBC World Service. Title: Ron Kanter Passage: Ronald M. Kanter (born February 25, 1948) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal from 1987 to 1990. Title: Sirkanay District Passage: Sirkanay District (Sarkani District) is situated in the central part of Kunar Province, Afghanistan. It borders Pakistan to the south. The population is 24,200 (2006). The district administrative center is the village of Serkanay () at 775 m altitude. To the north the district borders the Kunar River, which irrigates the small part of arable land. Drought is the major problem of the people. The majority of the houses (70%) were destroyed during the wars. Many young men live and work in Pakistan. Title: Identity (social science) Passage: The implications are multiple as various research traditions are now[when?] heavily utilizing the lens of identity to examine phenomena.[citation needed] One implication of identity and of identity construction can be seen in occupational settings. This becomes increasing challenging in stigmatized jobs or "dirty work" (Hughes, 1951). Tracy and Trethewey (2005) state that "individuals gravitate toward and turn away from particular jobs depending in part, on the extent to which they validate a "preferred organizational self" (Tracy & Tretheway 2005, p. 169). Some jobs carry different stigmas or acclaims. In her analysis Tracy uses the example of correctional officers trying to shake the stigma of "glorified maids" (Tracy & Tretheway 2005). "The process by which people arrive at justifications of and values for various occupational choices." Among these are workplace satisfaction and overall quality of life (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 33). People in these types of jobs are forced to find ways in order to create an identity they can live with. "Crafting a positive sense of self at work is more challenging when one's work is considered "dirty" by societal standards" (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 7). "In other words, doing taint management is not just about allowing the employee to feel good in that job. "If employees must navigate discourses that question the viability of their work, and/ or experience obstacles in managing taint through transforming dirty work into a badge of honor, it is likely they will find blaming the client to be an efficacious route in affirming their identity" (Tracy & Scott 2006, p. 33). Title: Everywoman's Husband Passage: Everywoman's Husband is a 1918 American silent drama film directed by Gilbert P. Hamilton and starring Gloria Swanson. A print of the film is preserved at the UCLA Film and Television Archive. Title: Fourierism Passage: Fourierism is the systematic set of economic, political, and social beliefs first espoused by French intellectual Charles Fourier (1772–1837). Based upon a belief in the inevitability of communal associations of people who worked and lived together as part of the human future, Fourier's committed supporters referred to his doctrines as Associationism. Political contemporaries and subsequent scholarship has identified Fourier's set of ideas as a form of utopian socialisma phrase which retains mild pejorative overtones. Title: Archives of Scientific Psychology Passage: Archives of Scientific Psychology is an open access academic journal published by the American Psychological Association. The journal publishes articles pertaining to the many different sub-fields of psychology, including neuroscience and political psychology. The journal includes articles that cover the many different research methodologies employed by psychologists. The editor-in-chief is Cecil R. Reynolds (Texas A&M University). It is abstracted and indexed in PsycINFO. Title: Walter P. Reuther Library Passage: The Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, located on the campus of Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, contains millions of primary source documents related to the labor history of the United States, urban affairs, and the Wayne State University Archives. The building is named for UAW President and Congress of Industrial Organizations President Walter Reuther. Title: Archivio di Nuova Scrittura Passage: The Archivio di Nuova Scrittura ("Archive of New Writing", "ANS") is a cultural association founded in 1988 in Milan, Italy by art collector Paolo Della Grazia. The archive preserves a large artistic and documentary heritage about any form of artistic expression featuring the use of both the word and the sign. Born from the encounter between Della Grazia and artist Ugo Carrega, in the 1990s the ANS became the main Italian research center on visual poetry, organizing exhibitions, meetings and other cultural events. In 1998 the Archivio di Nuova Scrittura was deposited in part at the Mart in Rovereto (library, archives and some artworks) and in part at the Museion in Bozen (artworks only). The artwork section of the ANS includes about 1,600 works by international artists at Mart and about 2,000 at Museion. The ANS archives preserve, apart from the internal archive of the association (ANS fonds), the Fraccaro-Carrega fonds, containing the papers of collector Marco Fraccaro and visual poet Ugo Carrega. The library section, preserved at Mart, contains more than 10,000 volumes, among them 600 artist's books and hundreds of futurist first editions, and 500 art magazines including about 100 international artist's magazines. Title: Marianne and Juliane Passage: "Marianne and Juliane" also marked the first time that von Trotta worked with Barbara Sukowa. They would go on to work on six more films together.	[ "Oklahoma City", "Julian P. Kanter Political Commercial Archive" ]
2hop__6827_86319	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He received his BA in Economics and MBA from Harvard University. As a financial and operating executive, he worked for 9 years with The Boston Consulting Group, advising Fortune 1000 companies on corporate, financial and operational strategies. From 1991 to 1994, Hachikian served as President of LINC Scientific Leasing, Inc., and, from 1983 to 1989, as President and CEO of Wellesley Medical Management, Inc. He is the Board Chairman of the Cambridge Heart, Inc.", "title": "Ken Hachikian" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tan Sri Khoo Teck Puat (; 13 January 1917 – 21 February 2004) was a banker and hotel owner, who, with an estimated fortune of S$4.3 billion, was the wealthiest man in Singapore at one point. He owned the Goodwood Group of boutique hotels in London and Singapore and was the largest single shareholder of the British bank Standard Chartered. The bulk of his fortune came from shares in Standard Chartered, which he bought up in the 1980s to help thwart Lloyds Bank's proposed acquisition which many financiers deemed hostile. The Goodwood Park Hotel in Singapore, built in 1900, is a restored historic landmark.", "title": "Khoo Teck Puat" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David A. Galloway (born 1943), a Canadian, was the CEO of Torstar and was chairman of the board of Bank of Montreal from 2004 to 2012, which is also known as BMO Financial Group.", "title": "David A. Galloway" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gerald Rosenfeld is an American businessman, academic, and investment banker. He is well known as the former Head of Investment Banking of Lazard and as the former CEO of Rothschild North-America from 2000 to 2007. He is currently an Adjunct Professor of Finance at New York University Stern School of Business, teaching in their Executive Education Open Enrollment program, Integrated Law and Business Financial Risk Management. Until February 2011, Rosenfeld continued to work at Rothschild in the capacity of senior advisor. In 2011, he returned to Lazard as a senior executive.", "title": "Gerald Rosenfeld" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicolas Mérindol (born 1961 in Cambrai in the Nord Department, France), was the former CEO of the Groupe Caisse d’Épargne. Since July 2012 he has been the Chairman and Partner of Amilton, a financial services group. He was formerly the Vice-Chairman for France of Banca Leonardo, a position he took up in January 2010. He has also served as the Chairman of Constructa Asset Management’s Board of Directors since December 2012.", "title": "Nicolas Merindol" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the former RCA/Jive Label Group moved to Epic. Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit. The RCA Music Group closed down Arista, J Records and Jive Records in October 2011, with the artists from those labels being moved to RCA Records.", "title": "Sony Music" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul N. Saleh (born 1957), is an American business executive who served as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Executive Vice President for Nextel Communications. He later served as interim chief executive officer (CEO) of Sprint Nextel Corporation in late 2007 and as the company's CFO from 2001 to 2008. In November, 2010 Mr. Saleh was named Gannett's Chief Financial Officer. In May, 2012 Mr. Saleh was named CSC's Chief Financial Officer and currently holds this position.", "title": "Paul Saleh" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Joseph Schiro (January 2, 1946 – August 13, 2014) was an American businessman who became CEO of PriceWaterhouseCoopers and Zurich Financial Services and was a director of number of multinational companies including of Pepsico, Philips and Goldman Sachs.", "title": "James J. Schiro" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hellier Stradivarius of \"circa\" 1679 is a violin made by Antonio Stradivari of Cremona, Italy. It derives its name from the Hellier family, who might well have bought it directly from the luthier himself.", "title": "Hellier Stradivarius" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Too Big to Fail: The Inside Story of How Wall Street and Washington Fought to Save the Financial System—and Themselves, also known as Too Big to Fail: Inside the Battle to Save Wall Street, is a non-fiction book by Andrew Ross Sorkin chronicling the events of the 2008 financial crisis and the collapse of Lehman Brothers from the point of view of Wall Street CEOs and US government regulators. The book was released on October 20, 2009 by Viking Press.", "title": "Too Big to Fail (book)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "PizzaExpress was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1993 with franchises opening across the UK. UK franchises were then bought back en masse in 1996. TDR Capital and Capricorn Associates then bought the company in 2003 turning it private again. In 2005, PizzaExpress floated on the London Stock Exchange, as part of the Gondola Holdings PLC. It was then bought by private equity group Cinven as the Gondola Group in 2007. On 12 July 2014 it was announced that Chinese group Hony Capital had bought PizzaExpress for £900m.", "title": "PizzaExpress" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peter Lorange (born 17 April 1943) is a Norwegian economist. He was the owner, President, and CEO of the Lorange Institute of Business Zürich, formerly known as GSBA Zurich, which he bought in July 2009.", "title": "Peter Lorange" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2004, Bank of America announced it would purchase Boston - based bank FleetBoston Financial for $47 billion in cash and stock. By merging with Bank of America, all of its banks and branches were given the Bank of America logo. At the time of merger, FleetBoston was the seventh largest bank in United States with $197 billion in assets, over 20 million customers and revenue of $12 billion. Hundreds of FleetBoston workers lost their jobs or were demoted, according to The Boston Globe.", "title": "Bank of America" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christopher W. Klaus (born 1973 in Sarasota, Florida) is an American technology entrepreneur. He was founder and CTO of Internet Security Systems (ISS), a company which he started in the early 1990s, and then sold to IBM in 2006 for $1.3B. As of 2016, he is the CEO of Kaneva, a game company which he founded in 2004, and also the main financier for multiple business accelerators in the Atlanta area.", "title": "Chris Klaus" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lisa de Wilde (born 1956) is a Canadian film and television executive, who has been the CEO of TVOntario since 2005.", "title": "Lisa de Wilde" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Brian Thomas Moynihan (born October 19, 1959) is an American lawyer, businessman and the chairman and CEO of Bank of America. He joined the board of directors, following his promotion to president and CEO in 2010.", "title": "Brian Moynihan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flamboyant television financial expert Lee Gates is in the midst of the latest edition of his show, Money Monster. Less than 24 hours earlier, IBIS Clear Capital's stock inexplicably cratered, apparently due to a glitch in a trading algorithm, costing investors $800 million. Lee planned to have IBIS CEO Walt Camby appear for an interview about the crash, but Camby unexpectedly left for a business trip to Geneva.", "title": "Money Monster" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tantalizingly Hot is the sixth album by American recording artist Stephanie Mills, released in 1982 and was produced by James Mtume & Reggie Lucas and Ashford & Simpson. It was her first release, by default, on Casablanca Records. In 1981, oil magnate and industrialist Marvin Davis (1925–2004) and financier Marc Rich (1934–2013) bought Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, which owned her previous label, 20th Century-Fox Records, for a grand total of $703 million.", "title": "Tantalizingly Hot" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's. Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and was ranked the 129th most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Khwaja Abdul Ghani was the second son of Khwaja Alimullah, who consolidated the Khwaja family estate to become the first Nawab of the family. He inherited the estate from his father, which included the French \"kuthi\" at Kumartuli bought by Alimullah in 1830, the Shahbag garden bought by Alimullah from Griffith Cook, a British Justice in 1840. His mother was Zinat Begum. Alimullah had 8 other wives and 15 other children.", "title": "Khwaja Abdul Ghani" } ]	Who is the CEO of FleetBoston Financial's purchaser?	Brian Thomas Moynihan	[ "Brian Moynihan" ]	Title: Tantalizingly Hot Passage: Tantalizingly Hot is the sixth album by American recording artist Stephanie Mills, released in 1982 and was produced by James Mtume & Reggie Lucas and Ashford & Simpson. It was her first release, by default, on Casablanca Records. In 1981, oil magnate and industrialist Marvin Davis (1925–2004) and financier Marc Rich (1934–2013) bought Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation, which owned her previous label, 20th Century-Fox Records, for a grand total of $703 million. Title: Peter Lorange Passage: Peter Lorange (born 17 April 1943) is a Norwegian economist. He was the owner, President, and CEO of the Lorange Institute of Business Zürich, formerly known as GSBA Zurich, which he bought in July 2009. Title: PizzaExpress Passage: PizzaExpress was floated on the London Stock Exchange in 1993 with franchises opening across the UK. UK franchises were then bought back en masse in 1996. TDR Capital and Capricorn Associates then bought the company in 2003 turning it private again. In 2005, PizzaExpress floated on the London Stock Exchange, as part of the Gondola Holdings PLC. It was then bought by private equity group Cinven as the Gondola Group in 2007. On 12 July 2014 it was announced that Chinese group Hony Capital had bought PizzaExpress for £900m. Title: Boston Passage: Boston is an intellectual, technological, and political center but has lost some important regional institutions, including the acquisition of The Boston Globe by The New York Times, and the loss to mergers and acquisitions of local financial institutions such as FleetBoston Financial, which was acquired by Charlotte-based Bank of America in 2004. Boston-based department stores Jordan Marsh and Filene's have both been merged into the Cincinnati–based Macy's. Boston has experienced gentrification in the latter half of the 20th century, with housing prices increasing sharply since the 1990s. Living expenses have risen, and Boston has one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and was ranked the 129th most expensive major city in the world in a 2011 survey of 214 cities. Despite cost of living issues, Boston ranks high on livability ratings, ranking 36th worldwide in quality of living in 2011 in a survey of 221 major cities. Title: Hellier Stradivarius Passage: The Hellier Stradivarius of "circa" 1679 is a violin made by Antonio Stradivari of Cremona, Italy. It derives its name from the Hellier family, who might well have bought it directly from the luthier himself. Title: Paul Saleh Passage: Paul N. Saleh (born 1957), is an American business executive who served as the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Executive Vice President for Nextel Communications. He later served as interim chief executive officer (CEO) of Sprint Nextel Corporation in late 2007 and as the company's CFO from 2001 to 2008. In November, 2010 Mr. Saleh was named Gannett's Chief Financial Officer. In May, 2012 Mr. Saleh was named CSC's Chief Financial Officer and currently holds this position. Title: Bank of America Passage: In 2004, Bank of America announced it would purchase Boston - based bank FleetBoston Financial for $47 billion in cash and stock. By merging with Bank of America, all of its banks and branches were given the Bank of America logo. At the time of merger, FleetBoston was the seventh largest bank in United States with $197 billion in assets, over 20 million customers and revenue of $12 billion. Hundreds of FleetBoston workers lost their jobs or were demoted, according to The Boston Globe. Title: Khwaja Abdul Ghani Passage: Khwaja Abdul Ghani was the second son of Khwaja Alimullah, who consolidated the Khwaja family estate to become the first Nawab of the family. He inherited the estate from his father, which included the French "kuthi" at Kumartuli bought by Alimullah in 1830, the Shahbag garden bought by Alimullah from Griffith Cook, a British Justice in 1840. His mother was Zinat Begum. Alimullah had 8 other wives and 15 other children. Title: David A. Galloway Passage: David A. Galloway (born 1943), a Canadian, was the CEO of Torstar and was chairman of the board of Bank of Montreal from 2004 to 2012, which is also known as BMO Financial Group. Title: Gerald Rosenfeld Passage: Gerald Rosenfeld is an American businessman, academic, and investment banker. He is well known as the former Head of Investment Banking of Lazard and as the former CEO of Rothschild North-America from 2000 to 2007. He is currently an Adjunct Professor of Finance at New York University Stern School of Business, teaching in their Executive Education Open Enrollment program, Integrated Law and Business Financial Risk Management. Until February 2011, Rosenfeld continued to work at Rothschild in the capacity of senior advisor. In 2011, he returned to Lazard as a senior executive. Title: Too Big to Fail (book) Passage: Too Big to Fail: The Inside Story of How Wall Street and Washington Fought to Save the Financial System—and Themselves, also known as Too Big to Fail: Inside the Battle to Save Wall Street, is a non-fiction book by Andrew Ross Sorkin chronicling the events of the 2008 financial crisis and the collapse of Lehman Brothers from the point of view of Wall Street CEOs and US government regulators. The book was released on October 20, 2009 by Viking Press. Title: James J. Schiro Passage: James Joseph Schiro (January 2, 1946 – August 13, 2014) was an American businessman who became CEO of PriceWaterhouseCoopers and Zurich Financial Services and was a director of number of multinational companies including of Pepsico, Philips and Goldman Sachs. Title: Chris Klaus Passage: Christopher W. Klaus (born 1973 in Sarasota, Florida) is an American technology entrepreneur. He was founder and CTO of Internet Security Systems (ISS), a company which he started in the early 1990s, and then sold to IBM in 2006 for $1.3B. As of 2016, he is the CEO of Kaneva, a game company which he founded in 2004, and also the main financier for multiple business accelerators in the Atlanta area. Title: Brian Moynihan Passage: Brian Thomas Moynihan (born October 19, 1959) is an American lawyer, businessman and the chairman and CEO of Bank of America. He joined the board of directors, following his promotion to president and CEO in 2010. Title: Lisa de Wilde Passage: Lisa de Wilde (born 1956) is a Canadian film and television executive, who has been the CEO of TVOntario since 2005. Title: Money Monster Passage: Flamboyant television financial expert Lee Gates is in the midst of the latest edition of his show, Money Monster. Less than 24 hours earlier, IBIS Clear Capital's stock inexplicably cratered, apparently due to a glitch in a trading algorithm, costing investors $800 million. Lee planned to have IBIS CEO Walt Camby appear for an interview about the crash, but Camby unexpectedly left for a business trip to Geneva. Title: Sony Music Passage: Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the former RCA/Jive Label Group moved to Epic. Peter Edge became the new CEO of the RCA Records unit. The RCA Music Group closed down Arista, J Records and Jive Records in October 2011, with the artists from those labels being moved to RCA Records. Title: Nicolas Merindol Passage: Nicolas Mérindol (born 1961 in Cambrai in the Nord Department, France), was the former CEO of the Groupe Caisse d’Épargne. Since July 2012 he has been the Chairman and Partner of Amilton, a financial services group. He was formerly the Vice-Chairman for France of Banca Leonardo, a position he took up in January 2010. He has also served as the Chairman of Constructa Asset Management’s Board of Directors since December 2012. Title: Ken Hachikian Passage: He received his BA in Economics and MBA from Harvard University. As a financial and operating executive, he worked for 9 years with The Boston Consulting Group, advising Fortune 1000 companies on corporate, financial and operational strategies. From 1991 to 1994, Hachikian served as President of LINC Scientific Leasing, Inc., and, from 1983 to 1989, as President and CEO of Wellesley Medical Management, Inc. He is the Board Chairman of the Cambridge Heart, Inc. Title: Khoo Teck Puat Passage: Tan Sri Khoo Teck Puat (; 13 January 1917 – 21 February 2004) was a banker and hotel owner, who, with an estimated fortune of S$4.3 billion, was the wealthiest man in Singapore at one point. He owned the Goodwood Group of boutique hotels in London and Singapore and was the largest single shareholder of the British bank Standard Chartered. The bulk of his fortune came from shares in Standard Chartered, which he bought up in the 1980s to help thwart Lloyds Bank's proposed acquisition which many financiers deemed hostile. The Goodwood Park Hotel in Singapore, built in 1900, is a restored historic landmark.	[ "Brian Moynihan", "Boston" ]
2hop__238499_431914	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canton of Wormhout is an administrative division, located in Nord \"département\" and Hauts-de-France \"région\" in France. All communes of the canton of Wormhout are part of the arrondissement of Dunkirk.", "title": "Canton of Wormhout" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "title": "Kiri Territory" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains is an arrondissement of France in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Since the January 2017 reorganization of the arrondissements of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, it has had 46 communes.", "title": "Arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "title": "Taputapuatea" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Canton of Villefranche-sur-Mer is a French former administrative division, located in the arrondissement of Nice, in the Alpes-Maritimes \"département\" (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur \"région\"). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. The communes of the canton joined the canton of Beausoleil.", "title": "Canton of Villefranche-sur-Mer" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Digne Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Digne-les-Bains, France. The cathedral has been a \"monument historique\" since 1906. It is the seat of the Bishops of Digne, Riez and Sisteron, formerly Bishops of Digne.", "title": "Digne Cathedral" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "title": "Krasnovishersky District" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Arrondissement of Veurne (; ) is one of the eight administrative arrondissements in the Province of West Flanders, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement. However, the Judicial Arrondissement of Veurne also comprises all municipalities in the Arrondissement of Diksmuide.", "title": "Arrondissement of Veurne" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1st Canton of Saint-Avold is a French former administrative division, located in the arrondissement of Forbach, in the Moselle \"département\" (Lorraine \"région\"). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It had 28,837 inhabitants as of 1999.", "title": "Saint-Avold 1st Canton" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District.", "title": "Pak Tam Chung" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "title": "Texas–Indian wars" } ]	What administrative territorial entity includes the arrondissement that contains the Digne Cathedral?	Alpes-de-Haute-Provence	[]	Title: Saulkrasti Municipality Passage: Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town. Title: Arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains Passage: The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains is an arrondissement of France in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Since the January 2017 reorganization of the arrondissements of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, it has had 46 communes. Title: Arrondissement of Veurne Passage: The Arrondissement of Veurne (; ) is one of the eight administrative arrondissements in the Province of West Flanders, Belgium. It is both an administrative and a judicial arrondissement. However, the Judicial Arrondissement of Veurne also comprises all municipalities in the Arrondissement of Diksmuide. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: List of territorial entities where English is an official language Passage: The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Texas–Indian wars Passage: Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Pangi Territory Passage: Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi. Title: Canton of Villefranche-sur-Mer Passage: The Canton of Villefranche-sur-Mer is a French former administrative division, located in the arrondissement of Nice, in the Alpes-Maritimes "département" (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur "région"). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. The communes of the canton joined the canton of Beausoleil. Title: Digne Cathedral Passage: Digne Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic church located in the town of Digne-les-Bains, France. The cathedral has been a "monument historique" since 1906. It is the seat of the Bishops of Digne, Riez and Sisteron, formerly Bishops of Digne. Title: Canton of Wormhout Passage: Canton of Wormhout is an administrative division, located in Nord "département" and Hauts-de-France "région" in France. All communes of the canton of Wormhout are part of the arrondissement of Dunkirk. Title: Pak Tam Chung Passage: Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District. Title: Kiri Territory Passage: Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri. Title: Krasnovishersky District Passage: Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population. Title: Saint-Avold 1st Canton Passage: The 1st Canton of Saint-Avold is a French former administrative division, located in the arrondissement of Forbach, in the Moselle "département" (Lorraine "région"). It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It had 28,837 inhabitants as of 1999. Title: Tumaraa Passage: Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Taputapuatea Passage: Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.	[ "Arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains", "Digne Cathedral" ]
2hop__82766_67668	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barney has three half - siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode ``The Rebound Girl ''); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one - night stand in`` Ring Up!'', and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode ``Okay Awesome ''.", "title": "Barney Stinson" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as That Face, Stunning, and the Tony Award - winning musical Once. She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street, and Betsy Solverson in the second season of Fargo (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award.", "title": "Cristin Milioti" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henrie guest starred in many shows such as Providence, Without a Trace, The Mullets, Judging Amy, The D.A., Jack & Bobby, NCIS, House, and Cold Case. Before his role on Wizards of Waverly Place, he had a recurring role on That's So Raven as Cory's friend Larry. Henrie also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother, where he played Ted's future son.", "title": "David Henrie" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2004, Oldman returned to prominence when he landed a significant role in the Harry Potter film series, playing Harry Potter's godfather Sirius Black. The following year, he starred as James Gordon in Christopher Nolan's commercially and critically successful Batman Begins, a role that he reprised in the even more successful sequel The Dark Knight (2008) and once more in the conclusion, The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Prominent film critic Mark Kermode, in reviewing The Dark Knight, downplayed claims that Heath Ledger's Joker was the highlight of the film, saying, ``the best performance in the film, by a mile, is Gary Oldman's... it would be lovely to see him get a (n Academy Award) nomination because actually, he's the guy who gets kind of overlooked in all of this. ''Oldman co-starred with Jim Carrey in the 2009 version of A Christmas Carol in which Oldman played three roles. He had a starring role in David Goyer's supernatural thriller The Unborn, released in 2009. In 2010, Oldman co-starred with Denzel Washington in The Book of Eli. He also played a lead role in Catherine Hardwicke's Red Riding Hood. Oldman voiced the role of villain Lord Shen and was nominated for an Annie Award for his performance in Kung Fu Panda 2.", "title": "Gary Oldman" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Batman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct - to - video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on July 27, 2010. The film stars Bruce Greenwood as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Jensen Ackles as the Red Hood / Jason Todd, John DiMaggio as the Joker, Neil Patrick Harris as Nightwing / Dick Grayson, Jason Isaacs as Ra's al Ghul, and Wade Williams as Black Mask. The screenplay was written by Judd Winick, who also wrote the ``Under the Hood ''run in the monthly Batman comic.", "title": "Batman: Under the Red Hood" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Foresters or, Robin Hood and Maid Marian is a play written by Alfred Tennyson and first produced with success in New York in 1892. A set of incidental music in nine movements was composed for the play by Arthur Sullivan.", "title": "The Foresters" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Played by Britney Spears; appears in ``Ten Sessions ''and`` Everything Must Go''. Abby is Stella's receptionist. Very energetic and scatterbrained, she developed an obsessive crush on Ted while he was pursuing Stella. Barney ended up sleeping with her. It was announced Spears would appear on the show in March 2008; most critics complimented her acting in ``Ten Sessions '', with Segel noting that she improvised a few`` really good'' lines. However, her scenes in ``Everything Must Go ''were described as`` rushed and awkward'', and her character as ``silly ''. An article in Bustle ranked her top in a list of guest stars on How I Met Your Mother.", "title": "List of How I Met Your Mother characters" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Having grown up in a laboratory, Damian Wayne as a pre-adolescent is left by his mother in the care of his father, who had been unaware of his son's existence. He is violent and self - important and was trained by the League of Assassins, learning to kill at a young age, which troubles the relationship with his father, who refuses to kill. However, the Dark Knight does care for his lost progeny. After the events of Batman R.I.P. and Batman: Battle for the Cowl, he takes the role of Robin at ten years of age, becoming the fifth person to use the Robin persona. He first worked with Dick Grayson before going to work alongside his father, upon the original's return to the role of Batman. He continued to serve as Robin until 2013's Batman, Inc. # 8, in which he is killed by the Heretic, an agent of his mother and his own artificially - aged clone. In 2014's Batman and Robin vol. 2, # 37, Batman resurrects Damian Wayne.", "title": "Damian Wayne" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Henry Massey (1871–1940), was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds. He played in 13 games for the 1894 Reds during September, 1894. His minor league playing career lasted through 1909.", "title": "Bill Massey (baseball)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlos \"Batman\" Buttice (December 17, 1942 in Monte Grande, Argentina – August 3, 2018) was a football Goalkeeper. Buttice played for most of his career in clubs of Argentina, Brazil and Chile.In Chile Buttice played for Unión Española. He was part of the 1977 Unión Española team that won the Primera División de Chile.", "title": "Carlos Buttice" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barney Stinson is one of five main characters on How I Met Your Mother. He is a manipulative, oversexed businessman in his thirties who always wears a suit, likes women with ``daddy issues ''and is frequently willing to offer his (sometimes hypocritical) opinion. Throughout the earlier seasons, Barney is a huge womanizer, and has been described as a`` high - functioning sociopath'' by his best friend, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor). Barney has a plethora of strategies and rules designed to meet women, sleep with them, and discard them. Through several seasons of the show, four (4) of the main characters are couples, as Ted began dating Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders) and Ted's roommate Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) becomes engaged and later married to Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan). This leaves Barney the only single character, and, according to Harris, Barney is ``resentful ''that the other characters have paired up. Later on, in season 5, he dates Robin. They end up breaking up not long after, once they both realize they are making one another miserable.", "title": "Barney Stinson" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers '', as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, magician, and singer, known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 -- 1993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf on A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017 onward).", "title": "Neil Patrick Harris" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in ``Last Forever '', the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lilla Crawford (born March 28, 2001) is an American actress best known for portraying the title role in the 2012 Broadway revival of Annie. She made her feature - film debut playing Little Red Riding Hood in the 2014 Disney film Into the Woods. Since 2017, Crawford has voiced the leading character in the Nickelodeon series Sunny Day.", "title": "Lilla Crawford" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with a 27 - year - old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long - lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), womanizing - playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a ``will they or wo n't they ''relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Played by Wayne Brady, James is Barney's gay African - American half - brother; they are very alike and act as each other's ``wingmen ''. This changes when James meets Tom, his future husband. Barney tries to stop his brother from marrying but changes his mind when he learns that they are adopting a baby. James marries Tom and they have a son named Eli. In the season 6 episode`` Cleaning House,'' James finds out his father is Sam Gibbs after he and Barney discover an unsent letter that their mother Loretta addressed to him. At the end of ``The Rebound Girl '', it is revealed that James and Tom have adopted an infant daughter named Sadie. In`` Coming Back'', James announces that he is getting a divorce after Tom discovered him cheating. Robin wins James' wedding ring in ``The Poker Game ''and refuses to give it back because James has been saying that she and Barney should not get married. Barney initially stands by his brother, but then realizes that James' selfishness is what caused his own marriage to fail. James reveals that Gary Blauman was one of the guys that he cheated on Tom with in`` Gary Blauman''. Future Ted explains to his children that James and Tom did eventually get back together, and raised Eli and Sadie as a happy family.", "title": "List of How I Met Your Mother characters" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with a 27-year-old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long-lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), womanizing-playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a \"will they or won't they\" relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mr. Freeze was played by George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach in the original Batman television series, by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 film Batman & Robin, and by Nathan Darrow on the TV series Gotham. He was voiced by Michael Ansara in Batman: The Animated Series, by Clancy Brown in The Batman, and by Maurice LaMarche in the Batman: Arkham video game franchise. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as # 67.", "title": "Mr. Freeze" } ]	The actor playing Barney in How I Met Your Mother played who in Batman Under The Red Hood?	Nightwing / Dick Grayson	[ "Nightwing", "Dick Grayson", "Batman", "Robin" ]	Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers '', as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. Title: Neil Patrick Harris Passage: Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, magician, and singer, known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 -- 1993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf on A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017 onward). Title: Mr. Freeze Passage: Mr. Freeze was played by George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach in the original Batman television series, by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 film Batman & Robin, and by Nathan Darrow on the TV series Gotham. He was voiced by Michael Ansara in Batman: The Animated Series, by Clancy Brown in The Batman, and by Maurice LaMarche in the Batman: Arkham video game franchise. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as # 67. Title: Bill Massey (baseball) Passage: William Henry Massey (1871–1940), was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds. He played in 13 games for the 1894 Reds during September, 1894. His minor league playing career lasted through 1909. Title: Barney Stinson Passage: Barney Stinson is one of five main characters on How I Met Your Mother. He is a manipulative, oversexed businessman in his thirties who always wears a suit, likes women with ``daddy issues ''and is frequently willing to offer his (sometimes hypocritical) opinion. Throughout the earlier seasons, Barney is a huge womanizer, and has been described as a`` high - functioning sociopath'' by his best friend, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor). Barney has a plethora of strategies and rules designed to meet women, sleep with them, and discard them. Through several seasons of the show, four (4) of the main characters are couples, as Ted began dating Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders) and Ted's roommate Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) becomes engaged and later married to Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan). This leaves Barney the only single character, and, according to Harris, Barney is ``resentful ''that the other characters have paired up. Later on, in season 5, he dates Robin. They end up breaking up not long after, once they both realize they are making one another miserable. Title: Barney Stinson Passage: Barney has three half - siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode ``The Rebound Girl ''); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one - night stand in`` Ring Up!'', and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode ``Okay Awesome ''. Title: The Foresters Passage: The Foresters or, Robin Hood and Maid Marian is a play written by Alfred Tennyson and first produced with success in New York in 1892. A set of incidental music in nine movements was composed for the play by Arthur Sullivan. Title: David Henrie Passage: Henrie guest starred in many shows such as Providence, Without a Trace, The Mullets, Judging Amy, The D.A., Jack & Bobby, NCIS, House, and Cold Case. Before his role on Wizards of Waverly Place, he had a recurring role on That's So Raven as Cory's friend Larry. Henrie also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother, where he played Ted's future son. Title: Batman: Under the Red Hood Passage: Batman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct - to - video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on July 27, 2010. The film stars Bruce Greenwood as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Jensen Ackles as the Red Hood / Jason Todd, John DiMaggio as the Joker, Neil Patrick Harris as Nightwing / Dick Grayson, Jason Isaacs as Ra's al Ghul, and Wade Williams as Black Mask. The screenplay was written by Judd Winick, who also wrote the ``Under the Hood ''run in the monthly Batman comic. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with a 27 - year - old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long - lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), womanizing - playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a ``will they or wo n't they ''relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers. Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with a 27-year-old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long-lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), womanizing-playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a "will they or won't they" relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers. Title: Gary Oldman Passage: In 2004, Oldman returned to prominence when he landed a significant role in the Harry Potter film series, playing Harry Potter's godfather Sirius Black. The following year, he starred as James Gordon in Christopher Nolan's commercially and critically successful Batman Begins, a role that he reprised in the even more successful sequel The Dark Knight (2008) and once more in the conclusion, The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Prominent film critic Mark Kermode, in reviewing The Dark Knight, downplayed claims that Heath Ledger's Joker was the highlight of the film, saying, ``the best performance in the film, by a mile, is Gary Oldman's... it would be lovely to see him get a (n Academy Award) nomination because actually, he's the guy who gets kind of overlooked in all of this. ''Oldman co-starred with Jim Carrey in the 2009 version of A Christmas Carol in which Oldman played three roles. He had a starring role in David Goyer's supernatural thriller The Unborn, released in 2009. In 2010, Oldman co-starred with Denzel Washington in The Book of Eli. He also played a lead role in Catherine Hardwicke's Red Riding Hood. Oldman voiced the role of villain Lord Shen and was nominated for an Annie Award for his performance in Kung Fu Panda 2. Title: Lilla Crawford Passage: Lilla Crawford (born March 28, 2001) is an American actress best known for portraying the title role in the 2012 Broadway revival of Annie. She made her feature - film debut playing Little Red Riding Hood in the 2014 Disney film Into the Woods. Since 2017, Crawford has voiced the leading character in the Nickelodeon series Sunny Day. Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in ``Last Forever '', the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans. Title: Damian Wayne Passage: Having grown up in a laboratory, Damian Wayne as a pre-adolescent is left by his mother in the care of his father, who had been unaware of his son's existence. He is violent and self - important and was trained by the League of Assassins, learning to kill at a young age, which troubles the relationship with his father, who refuses to kill. However, the Dark Knight does care for his lost progeny. After the events of Batman R.I.P. and Batman: Battle for the Cowl, he takes the role of Robin at ten years of age, becoming the fifth person to use the Robin persona. He first worked with Dick Grayson before going to work alongside his father, upon the original's return to the role of Batman. He continued to serve as Robin until 2013's Batman, Inc. # 8, in which he is killed by the Heretic, an agent of his mother and his own artificially - aged clone. In 2014's Batman and Robin vol. 2, # 37, Batman resurrects Damian Wayne. Title: List of How I Met Your Mother characters Passage: Played by Wayne Brady, James is Barney's gay African - American half - brother; they are very alike and act as each other's ``wingmen ''. This changes when James meets Tom, his future husband. Barney tries to stop his brother from marrying but changes his mind when he learns that they are adopting a baby. James marries Tom and they have a son named Eli. In the season 6 episode`` Cleaning House,'' James finds out his father is Sam Gibbs after he and Barney discover an unsent letter that their mother Loretta addressed to him. At the end of ``The Rebound Girl '', it is revealed that James and Tom have adopted an infant daughter named Sadie. In`` Coming Back'', James announces that he is getting a divorce after Tom discovered him cheating. Robin wins James' wedding ring in ``The Poker Game ''and refuses to give it back because James has been saying that she and Barney should not get married. Barney initially stands by his brother, but then realizes that James' selfishness is what caused his own marriage to fail. James reveals that Gary Blauman was one of the guys that he cheated on Tom with in`` Gary Blauman''. Future Ted explains to his children that James and Tom did eventually get back together, and raised Eli and Sadie as a happy family. Title: List of How I Met Your Mother characters Passage: Played by Britney Spears; appears in ``Ten Sessions ''and`` Everything Must Go''. Abby is Stella's receptionist. Very energetic and scatterbrained, she developed an obsessive crush on Ted while he was pursuing Stella. Barney ended up sleeping with her. It was announced Spears would appear on the show in March 2008; most critics complimented her acting in ``Ten Sessions '', with Segel noting that she improvised a few`` really good'' lines. However, her scenes in ``Everything Must Go ''were described as`` rushed and awkward'', and her character as ``silly ''. An article in Bustle ranked her top in a list of guest stars on How I Met Your Mother. Title: Cristin Milioti Passage: Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as That Face, Stunning, and the Tony Award - winning musical Once. She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street, and Betsy Solverson in the second season of Fargo (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award. Title: Carlos Buttice Passage: Carlos "Batman" Buttice (December 17, 1942 in Monte Grande, Argentina – August 3, 2018) was a football Goalkeeper. Buttice played for most of his career in clubs of Argentina, Brazil and Chile.In Chile Buttice played for Unión Española. He was part of the 1977 Unión Española team that won the Primera División de Chile.	[ "Batman: Under the Red Hood", "Neil Patrick Harris" ]
2hop__475070_532404	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Prisoner of Birth is a mystery novel by English author Jeffrey Archer, first published on 6 March 2008 by Macmillan. This book is a contemporary retelling of Dumas's \"The Count of Monte Cristo\". The novel saw Archer return to the first place in the fiction best-seller list for the first time in a decade.", "title": "A Prisoner of Birth" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kylian Mbappé Mbappé with the Best Young Player Award at the 2018 FIFA World Cup Full name Kylian Mbappé Lottin Date of birth (1998 - 12 - 20) 20 December 1998 (age 19) Place of birth Paris, France Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Playing position Forward Club information Current team Paris Saint - Germain Number 7 Youth career 2004 -- 2013 AS Bondy 2013 -- 2015 Monaco Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 2015 -- 2016 Monaco B 12 (4) 2015 -- 2018 Monaco 41 (16) 2017 -- 2018 → Paris Saint - Germain (loan) 27 (13) 2018 -- Paris Saint - Germain (3) National team 2014 France U17 (0) 2016 France U19 11 (7) 2017 -- France 22 (8) Honours (show) Men's football Representing France FIFA World Cup Winner 2018 Russia * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 04: 25, 26 August 2018 (UTC) ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 17: 21, 18 August 2018 (UTC)", "title": "Kylian Mbappé" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gros competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for France. He placed 40th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages.", "title": "Baptiste Gros" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marquis de Lafayette Lafayette as a lieutenant general, in 1791. Portrait by Joseph - Désiré Court. Birth name Marie - Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de Lafayette Nickname (s) The Hero of the Two Worlds (Le Héros des Deux Mondes in French) (1757 - 09 - 06) 6 September 1757 Chavaniac, France 20 May 1834 (1834 - 05 - 20) (aged 76) Paris, France Buried Picpus Cemetery Allegiance Kingdom of France (1771 -- 1777, 1781 -- 1791) United States of America (1777 -- 1781) Kingdom of France (1791 -- 1792) French First Republic Kingdom of France (1830) Service / branch French Army Continental Army National Guard Years of service 1771 -- 1792 1830 Rank Major General (U.S.) Lieutenant General (France) Battles / wars American Revolutionary War Battle of Brandywine Battle of Gloucester Valley Forge Battle of Barren Hill Battle of Rhode Island Battle of Monmouth Battle of Green Spring Siege of Yorktown French Revolution The March on Versailles Day of Daggers Champ de Mars massacre War of the First Coalition July Revolution Awards Order of Saint Louis Spouse (s) Adrienne de Noailles (m. 1774; d. 1807) Children 4, including Georges Washington Other work Politician Estates General (Auvergne) Member of the National Assembly Chamber of Representatives Chamber of Deputies Signature", "title": "Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Frances Amélia Tupper, Lady Tupper (née Morse; March 14, 1826 – May 11, 1912) was the wife of Sir Charles Tupper, the sixth Prime Minister of Canada. They had six children together, three boys and three girls.", "title": "Frances Tupper" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Magalie Pottier (born 16 March 1989 in Vallet) is a French racing cyclist who represents France in BMX. She was selected to represent France at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the women's BMX event and finished in seventh place.", "title": "Magalie Pottier" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexandre de Lesseps was born in Paris, France. His education took place in Khartoum, Sudan and in France and at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois.", "title": "Alexandre de Lesseps" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The final took place on 15 July at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, between France and Croatia. France won the match 4 -- 2 to claim their second World Cup title, marking the fourth consecutive title won by a European team.", "title": "2018 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "title": "Birth certificate" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anselm Tupper was born in Easton, Massachusetts on October 11, 1763, and grew up to the age of eleven in Chesterfield in western Massachusetts. His childhood was brief, as he enlisted in May 1775 at the young age of eleven, shortly after the Battles of Lexington and Concord, likely being one of the younger soldiers in the fight for independence. Anselm joined Captain Robert West's Chesterfield company, assigned to Colonel John Fellows' regiment (17th Massachusetts Bay Provincial Regiment), in which Anselm's father, Benjamin Tupper, was already major. As described in Chaffin's \"History of the Town of Easton, Massachusetts\",", "title": "Anselm Tupper" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mok Kwai-lan (; October 15, 1892 – November 3, 1982) was the fourth spouse of Lingnan martial arts grandmaster Wong Fei-hung.", "title": "Mok Kwai-lan" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven places were automatically filled by the IRFB members, with invitations being sent out to fill remaining places. In total there were 16 nations in the competition. France played Australia in one of the semi-finals with New Zealand playing Wales in the other. New Zealand became the first ever Rugby World Cup Champions, defeating France 29 points to 9 at Eden Park in Auckland.", "title": "History of the Rugby World Cup" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada.", "title": "Arthur Rupert Dickey" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Actor Role Erin Cottrell Missie LaHaye Logan Bartholomew Willie LaHaye Frank McRae Cookie Irene Bedard Miriam McClaine Gil Birmingham Sharp Claw W. Morgan Sheppard Scottie James Tupper Henry Kline Johann Urb Fyn Anders Jeff Kober Pacey Richard Lee Jackson Sonny Huff Graham Phillips Jeff Huff Stephen Bridgewater Mr. Taylorsen Diane Salinger Diane Louise Salinger John Savage Trent Dale Midkiff Clark Davis", "title": "Love's Long Journey" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2003 European Fencing Championships were held in Bourges, France. The event took place from 29 June to 3 July 2003.", "title": "2003 European Fencing Championships" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Margareta von Ascheberg was the youngest child of Field Marshal Rutger von Ascheberg and Magdalena Eleonora Busseck. On 26 January 1691, she married colonel count Kjell Christopher Barnekow (d. 1700) in Malmö. As was the custom of the Swedish nobility as that time, she kept her name after marriage and style herself »Grevinnan Ascheberg» (Countess Ascheberg). The couple had four children. She accompanied her spouse on his military commissions: she gave birth to their youngest sons during the Bombardment of Brussels in 1695.", "title": "Margareta von Ascheberg" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dupland was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. Dupland as crew, took the 10th place in first race of the 0.5 to 1 ton and finished 7th in the second race. He did this with the boat \"Galopin\".", "title": "Dupland" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth Frances Ingram (5 November 1888 – 12 April 1974) was an American operatic contralto of English birth who had an active career in North America during the 1910s and 1920s.", "title": "Frances Ingram" } ]	Where was the spouse of Frances Tupper born?	Amherst	[]	Title: A Prisoner of Birth Passage: A Prisoner of Birth is a mystery novel by English author Jeffrey Archer, first published on 6 March 2008 by Macmillan. This book is a contemporary retelling of Dumas's "The Count of Monte Cristo". The novel saw Archer return to the first place in the fiction best-seller list for the first time in a decade. Title: Arthur Rupert Dickey Passage: Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the House of Commons of Canada in an 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1891 and 1896. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Minister of Militia and Defence, and Secretary of State of Canada. Title: Frances Ingram Passage: Elizabeth Frances Ingram (5 November 1888 – 12 April 1974) was an American operatic contralto of English birth who had an active career in North America during the 1910s and 1920s. Title: Alexandre de Lesseps Passage: Alexandre de Lesseps was born in Paris, France. His education took place in Khartoum, Sudan and in France and at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois. Title: Anselm Tupper Passage: Anselm Tupper was born in Easton, Massachusetts on October 11, 1763, and grew up to the age of eleven in Chesterfield in western Massachusetts. His childhood was brief, as he enlisted in May 1775 at the young age of eleven, shortly after the Battles of Lexington and Concord, likely being one of the younger soldiers in the fight for independence. Anselm joined Captain Robert West's Chesterfield company, assigned to Colonel John Fellows' regiment (17th Massachusetts Bay Provincial Regiment), in which Anselm's father, Benjamin Tupper, was already major. As described in Chaffin's "History of the Town of Easton, Massachusetts", Title: Kylian Mbappé Passage: Kylian Mbappé Mbappé with the Best Young Player Award at the 2018 FIFA World Cup Full name Kylian Mbappé Lottin Date of birth (1998 - 12 - 20) 20 December 1998 (age 19) Place of birth Paris, France Height 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) Playing position Forward Club information Current team Paris Saint - Germain Number 7 Youth career 2004 -- 2013 AS Bondy 2013 -- 2015 Monaco Senior career * Years Team Apps (Gls) 2015 -- 2016 Monaco B 12 (4) 2015 -- 2018 Monaco 41 (16) 2017 -- 2018 → Paris Saint - Germain (loan) 27 (13) 2018 -- Paris Saint - Germain (3) National team 2014 France U17 (0) 2016 France U19 11 (7) 2017 -- France 22 (8) Honours (show) Men's football Representing France FIFA World Cup Winner 2018 Russia * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 04: 25, 26 August 2018 (UTC) ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 17: 21, 18 August 2018 (UTC) Title: 2018 FIFA World Cup Passage: The final took place on 15 July at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, between France and Croatia. France won the match 4 -- 2 to claim their second World Cup title, marking the fourth consecutive title won by a European team. Title: Baptiste Gros Passage: Gros competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for France. He placed 40th in the qualifying round in the sprint, failing to advance to the knockout stages. Title: Love's Long Journey Passage: Actor Role Erin Cottrell Missie LaHaye Logan Bartholomew Willie LaHaye Frank McRae Cookie Irene Bedard Miriam McClaine Gil Birmingham Sharp Claw W. Morgan Sheppard Scottie James Tupper Henry Kline Johann Urb Fyn Anders Jeff Kober Pacey Richard Lee Jackson Sonny Huff Graham Phillips Jeff Huff Stephen Bridgewater Mr. Taylorsen Diane Salinger Diane Louise Salinger John Savage Trent Dale Midkiff Clark Davis Title: Magalie Pottier Passage: Magalie Pottier (born 16 March 1989 in Vallet) is a French racing cyclist who represents France in BMX. She was selected to represent France at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the women's BMX event and finished in seventh place. Title: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette Passage: Marquis de Lafayette Lafayette as a lieutenant general, in 1791. Portrait by Joseph - Désiré Court. Birth name Marie - Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de Lafayette Nickname (s) The Hero of the Two Worlds (Le Héros des Deux Mondes in French) (1757 - 09 - 06) 6 September 1757 Chavaniac, France 20 May 1834 (1834 - 05 - 20) (aged 76) Paris, France Buried Picpus Cemetery Allegiance Kingdom of France (1771 -- 1777, 1781 -- 1791) United States of America (1777 -- 1781) Kingdom of France (1791 -- 1792) French First Republic Kingdom of France (1830) Service / branch French Army Continental Army National Guard Years of service 1771 -- 1792 1830 Rank Major General (U.S.) Lieutenant General (France) Battles / wars American Revolutionary War Battle of Brandywine Battle of Gloucester Valley Forge Battle of Barren Hill Battle of Rhode Island Battle of Monmouth Battle of Green Spring Siege of Yorktown French Revolution The March on Versailles Day of Daggers Champ de Mars massacre War of the First Coalition July Revolution Awards Order of Saint Louis Spouse (s) Adrienne de Noailles (m. 1774; d. 1807) Children 4, including Georges Washington Other work Politician Estates General (Auvergne) Member of the National Assembly Chamber of Representatives Chamber of Deputies Signature Title: Mok Kwai-lan Passage: Mok Kwai-lan (; October 15, 1892 – November 3, 1982) was the fourth spouse of Lingnan martial arts grandmaster Wong Fei-hung. Title: 2003 European Fencing Championships Passage: The 2003 European Fencing Championships were held in Bourges, France. The event took place from 29 June to 3 July 2003. Title: Margareta von Ascheberg Passage: Margareta von Ascheberg was the youngest child of Field Marshal Rutger von Ascheberg and Magdalena Eleonora Busseck. On 26 January 1691, she married colonel count Kjell Christopher Barnekow (d. 1700) in Malmö. As was the custom of the Swedish nobility as that time, she kept her name after marriage and style herself »Grevinnan Ascheberg» (Countess Ascheberg). The couple had four children. She accompanied her spouse on his military commissions: she gave birth to their youngest sons during the Bombardment of Brussels in 1695. Title: History of the Rugby World Cup Passage: Seven places were automatically filled by the IRFB members, with invitations being sent out to fill remaining places. In total there were 16 nations in the competition. France played Australia in one of the semi-finals with New Zealand playing Wales in the other. New Zealand became the first ever Rugby World Cup Champions, defeating France 29 points to 9 at Eden Park in Auckland. Title: Dupland Passage: Dupland was a sailor from France, who represented his country at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Meulan, France. Dupland as crew, took the 10th place in first race of the 0.5 to 1 ton and finished 7th in the second race. He did this with the boat "Galopin". Title: Giovanni Cifolelli Passage: Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his "Method for the mandolin" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period. Title: Frances Tupper Passage: Frances Amélia Tupper, Lady Tupper (née Morse; March 14, 1826 – May 11, 1912) was the wife of Sir Charles Tupper, the sixth Prime Minister of Canada. They had six children together, three boys and three girls. Title: Athanasius of Alexandria Passage: However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297. Title: Birth certificate Passage: In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.	[ "Frances Tupper", "Arthur Rupert Dickey" ]
2hop__84937_21969	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Regulating Act 1773 provided for the election of four counsellors by the East India Company's Court of Directors. The Governor-General had a vote along with the counsellors, but he also had an additional vote to break ties. The decision of the Council was binding on the Governor-General.", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 4 April 1786, Burke presented the Commons with the Article of Charge of High Crimes and Misdemeanors against Hastings. The impeachment in Westminster Hall, which did not begin until 14 February 1788, would be the \"first major public discursive event of its kind in England\", bringing the morality and duty of imperialism to the forefront of public perception. Burke already was known for his eloquent rhetorical skills and his involvement in the trial only enhanced its popularity and significance. Burke's indictment, fuelled by emotional indignation, branded Hastings a 'captain-general of iniquity'; who never dined without 'creating a famine'; whose heart was 'gangrened to the core', and who resembled both a 'spider of Hell' and a 'ravenous vulture devouring the carcasses of the dead'. The House of Commons eventually impeached Hastings, but subsequently, the House of Lords acquitted him of all charges.", "title": "Edmund Burke" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alarcón was born in Quito. He was the President of the National Congress from 1991 to 1992 and then again from August 1995 to February 1997, when he was made acting president due to the impeachment of President Abdalá Bucaram. This deepened the political crisis in Ecuador as vice-president Rosalía Arteaga challenged Alarcón's assumption of the presidency. Arteaga then became president for two days but Alarcón was then restored. He gave up the presidency after early elections were held in 1998, in which he did not run. In 1999 he was arrested on corruption charges, but was later released. Alarcón is a member of the Alfarista Radical Front.", "title": "Fabián Alarcón" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current president is Swiss - Italian Gianni Infantino, elected on 26 February 2016 during an extraordinary session of the FIFA Congress. Prior to his election, Cameroonian Issa Hayatou was acting president after the impeachment of Sepp Blatter on 8 October 2015, which was later followed by a six - year ban from all football - related activities on 21 December 2015.", "title": "List of presidents of FIFA" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution provides that justices ``shall hold their offices during good behavior ''(unless appointed during a Senate recess). The term`` good behavior'' is understood to mean justices may serve for the remainder of their lives, unless they are impeached and convicted by Congress, resign, or retire. Only one justice has been impeached by the House of Representatives (Samuel Chase, March 1804), but he was acquitted in the Senate (March 1805). Moves to impeach sitting justices have occurred more recently (for example, William O. Douglas was the subject of hearings twice, in 1953 and again in 1970; and Abe Fortas resigned while hearings were being organized in 1969), but they did not reach a vote in the House. No mechanism exists for removing a justice who is permanently incapacitated by illness or injury, but unable (or unwilling) to resign.", "title": "Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes. The actual trial on such charges, and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives, and both were later acquitted by the Senate. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed, as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment, but such a vote was widely expected to pass, and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon's departure. To date, no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction. The impeached official continues in office until conviction.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article 124 (4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows:", "title": "Chief Justice of India" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson occurred in 1868, when the United States House of Representatives resolved to impeach President Andrew Johnson, adopting eleven articles of impeachment detailing his ``high crimes and misdemeanors, ''in accordance with Article Two of the United States Constitution. The House's primary charge against Johnson was with violation of the Tenure of Office Act, passed by Congress the previous year. Specifically, he had removed Edwin McMasters Stanton, the Secretary of War, whom the Tenure of Office Act was largely designed to protect, from office and attempted to replace him with Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas. Contrary to popular belief, Johnson was not impeached for temporarily replacing Stanton with General Ulysses Grant earlier while Congress was not in session.", "title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment in the United States is the process by which the lower house of a legislature brings charges against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed, analogous to the bringing of an indictment by a grand jury. At the federal level, this is done by the House of Representatives. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which officials have been impeached and subsequently convicted for prior crimes. The impeached official remains in office until a trial is held. That trial, and their removal from office if convicted, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Analogous to a trial before a judge and jury, these proceedings are (where the legislature is bicameral) conducted by upper house of the legislature, which at the federal level is the Senate.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Upon independence in August 1947, the title of Viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor - General. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor - General. However, once India acquired independence, the Governor - General's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day - to - day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the President of India continued to perform the same functions.", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Office Term limits President Limited to being elected to a total of 2 four - year terms. A President by succession who completes more than two years of a former President's unfinished term may be elected in his or her own right only once, and 2 more four - year terms are permitted if they complete two years or less. Becoming a President by succession may happen to someone an unlimited number of times, for example, if he or she is Vice President and the President dies, resigns or is removed from office via impeachment conviction. Vice President Unlimited four - year terms House of Representatives Unlimited two - year terms Senate Unlimited six - year terms Supreme Court No term limits, appointed to serve ``during good behavior ''(but can be impeached and removed from office for`` high Crimes and Misdemeanors''); in practice a Justice serves until death or stepping down (by retirement or resignation)", "title": "Term limits in the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935.", "title": "List of governors-general of India" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Emperor of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lorenzo Thomas (October 26, 1804 – March 2, 1875) was a career United States Army officer who was Adjutant General of the Army at the beginning of the American Civil War. After the war, he was appointed temporary Secretary of War by U.S. President Andrew Johnson, precipitating Johnson's impeachment.", "title": "Lorenzo Thomas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Every state except Nebraska has a bicameral legislature, meaning that the legislature consists of two separate legislative chambers or houses. In each case the smaller chamber is called the Senate and is usually referred to as the upper house. This chamber typically, but not always, has the exclusive power to confirm appointments made by the governor and to try articles of impeachment. (In a few states, a separate Executive Council, composed of members elected from large districts, performs the confirmation function.) Members of the smaller chamber represent more citizens and usually serve for longer terms than members of the larger chamber, generally four years. In 41 states, the larger chamber is called the House of Representatives. Five states designate the larger chamber the Assembly and three states call it the House of Delegates. Members of the larger chamber usually serve for terms of two years. The larger chamber customarily has the exclusive power to initiate taxing legislation and articles of impeachment.", "title": "State legislature (United States)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Impeach My Bush is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer Peaches, released on July 7, 2006 by XL Recordings. The album includes guest appearances by Joan Jett, Beth Ditto, Josh Homme, Samantha Maloney, Mocky and her one-time roommate Feist.", "title": "Impeach My Bush" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "For years Burke pursued impeachment efforts against Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of Bengal, that resulted in the trial during 1786. His interaction with the British dominion of India began well before Hastings' impeachment trial. For two decades prior to the impeachment, Parliament had dealt with the Indian issue. This trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation. In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs—from that point until the end of the trial; India was Burke's primary concern. This committee was charged \"to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal, the war with Hyder Ali, and other Indian difficulties\". While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters, a second 'secret' committee was formed to assess the same issues. Both committee reports were written by Burke. Among other purposes, the reports conveyed to the Indian princes that Britain would not wage war on them, along with demanding that the HEIC recall Hastings. This was Burke's first call for substantive change regarding imperial practices. When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report, Burke described the Indian issue as one that \"began 'in commerce' but 'ended in empire.'\"", "title": "Edmund Burke" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes. The actual trial on such charges, and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives, and both were later acquitted by the Senate. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed, as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment, but such a vote was widely expected to pass, and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon's departure. To date, no U.S. President has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction. The impeached official continues in office until conviction.", "title": "Impeachment in the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The impeachment of Warren Hastings was a failed attempt between 1788 and 1795 to impeach the first Governor - General of India in the Parliament of Great Britain. Hastings was accused of misconduct during his time in Calcutta particularly relating to mismanagement and personal corruption. The prosecution was led by Edmund Burke and became a wider debate about the role of the East India Company and the expanding empire in India.", "title": "Impeachment of Warren Hastings" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leading to the impeachment, Independent Counsel Ken Starr turned over documentation to the House Judiciary Committee. Chief Prosecutor David Schippers and his team reviewed the material and determined there was sufficient evidence to impeach the president. As a result, four charges were considered by the full House of Representatives; two passed, making Clinton the second president to be impeached, after Andrew Johnson in 1868, and only the third against whom articles of impeachment had been brought before the full House for consideration (Richard Nixon resigned from the presidency in 1974, while an impeachment process against him was underway).", "title": "Impeachment of Bill Clinton" } ]	When was Q1 who was impeached in england for acts committed as governor general of india impeached?	1786	[]	Title: Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Passage: The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson occurred in 1868, when the United States House of Representatives resolved to impeach President Andrew Johnson, adopting eleven articles of impeachment detailing his ``high crimes and misdemeanors, ''in accordance with Article Two of the United States Constitution. The House's primary charge against Johnson was with violation of the Tenure of Office Act, passed by Congress the previous year. Specifically, he had removed Edwin McMasters Stanton, the Secretary of War, whom the Tenure of Office Act was largely designed to protect, from office and attempted to replace him with Brevet Major General Lorenzo Thomas. Contrary to popular belief, Johnson was not impeached for temporarily replacing Stanton with General Ulysses Grant earlier while Congress was not in session. Title: Impeach My Bush Passage: Impeach My Bush is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer Peaches, released on July 7, 2006 by XL Recordings. The album includes guest appearances by Joan Jett, Beth Ditto, Josh Homme, Samantha Maloney, Mocky and her one-time roommate Feist. Title: Fabián Alarcón Passage: Alarcón was born in Quito. He was the President of the National Congress from 1991 to 1992 and then again from August 1995 to February 1997, when he was made acting president due to the impeachment of President Abdalá Bucaram. This deepened the political crisis in Ecuador as vice-president Rosalía Arteaga challenged Alarcón's assumption of the presidency. Arteaga then became president for two days but Alarcón was then restored. He gave up the presidency after early elections were held in 1998, in which he did not run. In 1999 he was arrested on corruption charges, but was later released. Alarcón is a member of the Alfarista Radical Front. Title: Impeachment in the United States Passage: Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes. The actual trial on such charges, and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives, and both were later acquitted by the Senate. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed, as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment, but such a vote was widely expected to pass, and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon's departure. To date, no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction. The impeached official continues in office until conviction. Title: List of governors-general of India Passage: After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935. Title: Term limits in the United States Passage: Office Term limits President Limited to being elected to a total of 2 four - year terms. A President by succession who completes more than two years of a former President's unfinished term may be elected in his or her own right only once, and 2 more four - year terms are permitted if they complete two years or less. Becoming a President by succession may happen to someone an unlimited number of times, for example, if he or she is Vice President and the President dies, resigns or is removed from office via impeachment conviction. Vice President Unlimited four - year terms House of Representatives Unlimited two - year terms Senate Unlimited six - year terms Supreme Court No term limits, appointed to serve ``during good behavior ''(but can be impeached and removed from office for`` high Crimes and Misdemeanors''); in practice a Justice serves until death or stepping down (by retirement or resignation) Title: Impeachment in the United States Passage: Impeachment in the United States is the process by which the lower house of a legislature brings charges against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed, analogous to the bringing of an indictment by a grand jury. At the federal level, this is done by the House of Representatives. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which officials have been impeached and subsequently convicted for prior crimes. The impeached official remains in office until a trial is held. That trial, and their removal from office if convicted, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Analogous to a trial before a judge and jury, these proceedings are (where the legislature is bicameral) conducted by upper house of the legislature, which at the federal level is the Senate. Title: Chief Justice of India Passage: Article 124 (4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows: Title: Impeachment of Warren Hastings Passage: The impeachment of Warren Hastings was a failed attempt between 1788 and 1795 to impeach the first Governor - General of India in the Parliament of Great Britain. Hastings was accused of misconduct during his time in Calcutta particularly relating to mismanagement and personal corruption. The prosecution was led by Edmund Burke and became a wider debate about the role of the East India Company and the expanding empire in India. Title: Impeachment in the United States Passage: Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed. Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes. The actual trial on such charges, and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States. Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives, and both were later acquitted by the Senate. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed, as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment, but such a vote was widely expected to pass, and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon's departure. To date, no U.S. President has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction. The impeached official continues in office until conviction. Title: Edmund Burke Passage: On 4 April 1786, Burke presented the Commons with the Article of Charge of High Crimes and Misdemeanors against Hastings. The impeachment in Westminster Hall, which did not begin until 14 February 1788, would be the "first major public discursive event of its kind in England", bringing the morality and duty of imperialism to the forefront of public perception. Burke already was known for his eloquent rhetorical skills and his involvement in the trial only enhanced its popularity and significance. Burke's indictment, fuelled by emotional indignation, branded Hastings a 'captain-general of iniquity'; who never dined without 'creating a famine'; whose heart was 'gangrened to the core', and who resembled both a 'spider of Hell' and a 'ravenous vulture devouring the carcasses of the dead'. The House of Commons eventually impeached Hastings, but subsequently, the House of Lords acquitted him of all charges. Title: Lorenzo Thomas Passage: Lorenzo Thomas (October 26, 1804 – March 2, 1875) was a career United States Army officer who was Adjutant General of the Army at the beginning of the American Civil War. After the war, he was appointed temporary Secretary of War by U.S. President Andrew Johnson, precipitating Johnson's impeachment. Title: Governor-General of India Passage: Upon independence in August 1947, the title of Viceroy was abolished. The representative of the British Sovereign became known once again as the Governor - General. C. Rajagopalachari became the only Indian Governor - General. However, once India acquired independence, the Governor - General's role became almost entirely ceremonial, with power being exercised on a day - to - day basis by the Indian cabinet. After the nation became a republic in 1950, the President of India continued to perform the same functions. Title: State legislature (United States) Passage: Every state except Nebraska has a bicameral legislature, meaning that the legislature consists of two separate legislative chambers or houses. In each case the smaller chamber is called the Senate and is usually referred to as the upper house. This chamber typically, but not always, has the exclusive power to confirm appointments made by the governor and to try articles of impeachment. (In a few states, a separate Executive Council, composed of members elected from large districts, performs the confirmation function.) Members of the smaller chamber represent more citizens and usually serve for longer terms than members of the larger chamber, generally four years. In 41 states, the larger chamber is called the House of Representatives. Five states designate the larger chamber the Assembly and three states call it the House of Delegates. Members of the larger chamber usually serve for terms of two years. The larger chamber customarily has the exclusive power to initiate taxing legislation and articles of impeachment. Title: Governor-General of India Passage: Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Emperor of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950 Title: List of presidents of FIFA Passage: The current president is Swiss - Italian Gianni Infantino, elected on 26 February 2016 during an extraordinary session of the FIFA Congress. Prior to his election, Cameroonian Issa Hayatou was acting president after the impeachment of Sepp Blatter on 8 October 2015, which was later followed by a six - year ban from all football - related activities on 21 December 2015. Title: Impeachment of Bill Clinton Passage: Leading to the impeachment, Independent Counsel Ken Starr turned over documentation to the House Judiciary Committee. Chief Prosecutor David Schippers and his team reviewed the material and determined there was sufficient evidence to impeach the president. As a result, four charges were considered by the full House of Representatives; two passed, making Clinton the second president to be impeached, after Andrew Johnson in 1868, and only the third against whom articles of impeachment had been brought before the full House for consideration (Richard Nixon resigned from the presidency in 1974, while an impeachment process against him was underway). Title: Edmund Burke Passage: For years Burke pursued impeachment efforts against Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of Bengal, that resulted in the trial during 1786. His interaction with the British dominion of India began well before Hastings' impeachment trial. For two decades prior to the impeachment, Parliament had dealt with the Indian issue. This trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation. In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs—from that point until the end of the trial; India was Burke's primary concern. This committee was charged "to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal, the war with Hyder Ali, and other Indian difficulties". While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters, a second 'secret' committee was formed to assess the same issues. Both committee reports were written by Burke. Among other purposes, the reports conveyed to the Indian princes that Britain would not wage war on them, along with demanding that the HEIC recall Hastings. This was Burke's first call for substantive change regarding imperial practices. When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report, Burke described the Indian issue as one that "began 'in commerce' but 'ended in empire.'" Title: Supreme Court of the United States Passage: The Constitution provides that justices ``shall hold their offices during good behavior ''(unless appointed during a Senate recess). The term`` good behavior'' is understood to mean justices may serve for the remainder of their lives, unless they are impeached and convicted by Congress, resign, or retire. Only one justice has been impeached by the House of Representatives (Samuel Chase, March 1804), but he was acquitted in the Senate (March 1805). Moves to impeach sitting justices have occurred more recently (for example, William O. Douglas was the subject of hearings twice, in 1953 and again in 1970; and Abe Fortas resigned while hearings were being organized in 1969), but they did not reach a vote in the House. No mechanism exists for removing a justice who is permanently incapacitated by illness or injury, but unable (or unwilling) to resign. Title: Governor-General of India Passage: The Regulating Act 1773 provided for the election of four counsellors by the East India Company's Court of Directors. The Governor-General had a vote along with the counsellors, but he also had an additional vote to break ties. The decision of the Council was binding on the Governor-General.	[ "Edmund Burke", "Impeachment of Warren Hastings" ]
2hop__445963_6098	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "St. John Richardson Liddell (September 6, 1815 – February 14, 1870) was a prominent Louisiana planter who served as a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was an outspoken proponent of Southern emancipation of slaves. Liddell was murdered by a former Confederate officer near his home in 1870.", "title": "St. John Richardson Liddell" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Watson Goodwin (May 9, 1831 – June 15, 1912) was an American classical scholar, for many years Eliot professor of Greek at Harvard University.", "title": "William Watson Goodwin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The son of a clergyman, Watson was born on a ship in the bay at Saint Helena. He grew up in India before his family moved to Tasmania. He moved to New Zealand, where he worked as a schoolteacher, becoming headmaster of the Campbell Street School in Palmerston North.", "title": "Francis Watson (cricketer)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dick Pointer (before 1778 – 1827) was an American frontier hero and an African slave. He is best known for his bravery in the defence of Fort Donnally, in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, from a Shawnee attack in 1778. During the attack he used a rifle to secure the front door against attackers. Some years later, Pointer spoke before the Virginia General Assembly, requesting his own freedom in consideration for his act of bravery; he was emancipated in 1801. He died in 1827.", "title": "Dick Pointer" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln is an 1864 oil-on-canvas painting by Francis Bicknell Carpenter. In the painting, Carpenter depicts Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, and his Cabinet members reading over the Emancipation Proclamation, which proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states rebelling against the Union in the American Civil War. Lincoln presented the Emancipation Proclamation to his Cabinet on July 22, 1862, and issued the Proclamation on September 22, 1862, which took effect on January 1, 1863.", "title": "First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Emancipation of Mimi is the tenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey, released through Island Records on April 12, 2005. \"The Emancipation of Mimi\" was considered Carey's \"comeback album\" by critics and became her highest-selling release in the US in a decade. In composing the album, the singer collaborated with many songwriters and producers throughout 2004, including Jermaine Dupri, Snoop Dogg, Twista, Nelly, Pharrell Williams, and James \"Big Jim\" Wright, many of whom appeared as featured guests on select tracks.", "title": "The Emancipation of Mimi" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ira A. Watson Co., more commonly known as Watson's was a department store chain based in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in 1907 and grew to many locations throughout the Southeastern United States. The company was purchased for $4.45 million by Peebles with the transaction closing June 29, 1998.", "title": "Watson's (United States)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Messaoud Ould Boulkheir (, born 1943, Fara El Kitane ) is among the first Haratine to become a political leader in Mauritania. Messaoud also contributed significantly to the end of the 1989 events in Mauritania, protecting the right of the victims and the emancipation of the Haratine in Mauritania with his party.", "title": "Messaoud Ould Boulkheir" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Piama Tananahaakna, played by Emy Coligado (29 episodes), is Francis' wife whom he met and married off - screen during his year in Alaska. Piama is about a year older than Francis, and before him, Piama had previously been married briefly. Primarily due to her being brought home under volatile circumstances, in which Francis (while still a minor, although emancipated) shocked the family with news of the marriage and thus disrupting Hal's birthday party, Lois disliked Piama from her introduction in the third season and into the fourth. However, after an embarrassing encounter with her wealthy in - law's, Lois has been much more respectful of Piama. She originally started off against having children, but by Graduation, Piama got over it after Reese's prank went awry (``We may as well go ahead and have kids now, I'm not afraid of changing diapers any more. '')", "title": "List of Malcolm in the Middle characters" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When the Emancipation Proclamation was announced, Tennessee was mostly held by Union forces. Thus, Tennessee was not among the states enumerated in the Proclamation, and the Proclamation did not free any slaves there. Nonetheless, enslaved African Americans escaped to Union lines to gain freedom without waiting for official action. Old and young, men, women and children camped near Union troops. Thousands of former slaves ended up fighting on the Union side, nearly 200,000 in total across the South.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the end of Season 1, which takes place just before Thanksgiving 1960, Peggy is promoted to Junior Copywriter, heading up the new Clearasil account. Just after receiving the promotion, Peggy begins experiencing severe abdominal pain; she attributes it to a ``bad sandwich ''from the office cart and heads to St. Mary's Hospital in Brooklyn. She is shocked and in denial when informed she's actually in labor. As she gets up to leave, she collapses, and the hospital staff moves her into a hospital room in labor and delivery. She gives birth to a healthy baby boy, whom she refuses to hold or look at.", "title": "Peggy Olson" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the end of the eighth season, April and Jackson's friendship evolved into an intimate relationship: ``I thought they were going to be able to walk the line of staying on the friendship side of things. What they have is kind of really unique and organic in the world of Grey's Anatomy -- two genders in a completely platonic, wholesome, pleasant and productive relationship / friendship. Who is to say that has to end? ''In the ninth season, Jackson started a relationship with intern Stephanie Edward. Williams gave his insight:`` That's a relationship that is fun, light, and no strings attached. She's sweet. She's funny. They are n't bogged down by these big notions of each other. Jackson later declares his love for April at her wedding to EMT Matthew. They get married and have a child together, but he dies shortly after birth. They are now divorced, but April is newly pregnant. In the present, April has just given birth to a baby girl, and it seems to have made them closer.", "title": "Jackson Avery" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eagle and Child and the Lamb and Flag, Oxford, were regular meeting places of the Inklings, a writers' group which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The Eagle in Cambridge is where Francis Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had \"discovered the secret of life\" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA. The anecdote is related in Watson's book The Double Helix. and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall.", "title": "Pub" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Phillippo Baptist Church , built 1827, is named after its founder and first minister, Reverend James Phillippo, a Baptist missionary who arrived in Jamaica in 1823. He campaigned for the abolition of slavery and for the establishment of \"Free Villages\" for emancipated slaves. The church is located on the corner of William and French Streets, in Spanish Town, Jamaica.", "title": "Phillippo Baptist Church" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raynal's prediction came true on the night of 21 August 1791, when the slaves of Saint Domingue rose in revolt; thousands of slaves attended a secret vodou (voodoo) ceremony as a tropical storm came in - the lighting and the thunder was taken as auspicious omens - and later that night, the slaves began to kill their masters and plunged the colony into civil war. The signal to begin the revolt was given by Dutty Boukman, a high priest of vodou and leader of the Maroon slaves, during a religious ceremony at Bois Caïman on the night of 14 August. Within the next ten days, slaves had taken control of the entire Northern Province in an unprecedented slave revolt. Whites kept control of only a few isolated, fortified camps. The slaves sought revenge on their masters through ``pillage, rape, torture, mutilation, and death ''. The long years of oppression by the slave masters had left many blacks with a hatred of all whites, and the revolt was marked by extreme violence from the very start. The masters and mistresses were dragged from their beds to be killed, and the heads of French children were placed on spikes that were carried at the front of the rebel columns.", "title": "Haitian Revolution" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies.", "title": "Saint Helena" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 1840, the Market Hall and Sheds, where fresh meat and produce were brought daily, became a hub of commercial activity. The slave trade also depended on the port of Charleston, where ships could be unloaded and the slaves bought and sold. The legal importation of African slaves had ended in 1808, although smuggling was significant. However, the domestic trade was booming. More than one million slaves were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the antebellum years, as cotton plantations were widely developed through what became known as the Black Belt. Many slaves were transported in the coastwise slave trade, with slave ships stopping at ports such as Charleston.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Figure in a landscape is a 1945 painting by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon. Based on a photograph of Eric Hall dozing on a seat in Hyde Park, also the basis of another painting held in the Lefevre \"Figure in a landscape\" (1945) which was bought by Diana Watson and later in 1950 by the Tate gallery (with the support of Graham Sutherland, then a trustee (1948–1954).", "title": "Figure in a landscape" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clemson took possession of the ball with 2: 01 on the clock and the ball on their own 36 yard line. After another long catch by Mike Williams, the drive came to a 3rd & 3 on the Alabama 32 yard line, which was converted on a pass to Renfrow to the Alabama 26 yard line with 0: 19 left. The next play saw Watson find Jordan Leggett on a pass down to the Tide 9 yard line with 0: 14 left. Watson threw to the end zone on 1st & goal; the pass was overthrown and the clock stopped with 0: 09. On 2nd & goal, Watson targeted Mike Williams, who was tripped in the end zone. The resulting pass interference call gave the Tigers 1st & goal with the ball placed on the 2 - yard line with 0: 06 left. On the next play, Watson threw a touchdown pass to Renfrow with 0: 01 left; putting Clemson back in the lead, 35 -- 31. After Clemson recovered an onside kick attempting to run out the clock, the game ended with a kneel - down and Clemson won the National Championship Game.", "title": "2017 College Football Playoff National Championship" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slavery and slaves were part of the social order; there were slave markets where they could be bought and sold. Many slaves were freed by the masters for services rendered; some slaves could save money to buy their freedom. Generally, mutilation and murder of slaves was prohibited by legislation. However, Rome did not have a law enforcement arm. All actions were treated as \"torts,\" which were brought by an accuser who was forced to prove the entire case himself. If the accused were a noble and the victim, not a noble, the likelihood of finding for the accused was small. At most, the accused might have to pay a fine for killing a slave. It is estimated that over 25% of the Roman population was enslaved.", "title": "Roman Republic" } ]	Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on the birth place of Francis Watson?	800	[]	Title: First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln Passage: First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln is an 1864 oil-on-canvas painting by Francis Bicknell Carpenter. In the painting, Carpenter depicts Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, and his Cabinet members reading over the Emancipation Proclamation, which proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states rebelling against the Union in the American Civil War. Lincoln presented the Emancipation Proclamation to his Cabinet on July 22, 1862, and issued the Proclamation on September 22, 1862, which took effect on January 1, 1863. Title: Dick Pointer Passage: Dick Pointer (before 1778 – 1827) was an American frontier hero and an African slave. He is best known for his bravery in the defence of Fort Donnally, in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, from a Shawnee attack in 1778. During the attack he used a rifle to secure the front door against attackers. Some years later, Pointer spoke before the Virginia General Assembly, requesting his own freedom in consideration for his act of bravery; he was emancipated in 1801. He died in 1827. Title: Peggy Olson Passage: At the end of Season 1, which takes place just before Thanksgiving 1960, Peggy is promoted to Junior Copywriter, heading up the new Clearasil account. Just after receiving the promotion, Peggy begins experiencing severe abdominal pain; she attributes it to a ``bad sandwich ''from the office cart and heads to St. Mary's Hospital in Brooklyn. She is shocked and in denial when informed she's actually in labor. As she gets up to leave, she collapses, and the hospital staff moves her into a hospital room in labor and delivery. She gives birth to a healthy baby boy, whom she refuses to hold or look at. Title: Roman Republic Passage: Slavery and slaves were part of the social order; there were slave markets where they could be bought and sold. Many slaves were freed by the masters for services rendered; some slaves could save money to buy their freedom. Generally, mutilation and murder of slaves was prohibited by legislation. However, Rome did not have a law enforcement arm. All actions were treated as "torts," which were brought by an accuser who was forced to prove the entire case himself. If the accused were a noble and the victim, not a noble, the likelihood of finding for the accused was small. At most, the accused might have to pay a fine for killing a slave. It is estimated that over 25% of the Roman population was enslaved. Title: William Watson Goodwin Passage: William Watson Goodwin (May 9, 1831 – June 15, 1912) was an American classical scholar, for many years Eliot professor of Greek at Harvard University. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: By 1840, the Market Hall and Sheds, where fresh meat and produce were brought daily, became a hub of commercial activity. The slave trade also depended on the port of Charleston, where ships could be unloaded and the slaves bought and sold. The legal importation of African slaves had ended in 1808, although smuggling was significant. However, the domestic trade was booming. More than one million slaves were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the antebellum years, as cotton plantations were widely developed through what became known as the Black Belt. Many slaves were transported in the coastwise slave trade, with slave ships stopping at ports such as Charleston. Title: Haitian Revolution Passage: Raynal's prediction came true on the night of 21 August 1791, when the slaves of Saint Domingue rose in revolt; thousands of slaves attended a secret vodou (voodoo) ceremony as a tropical storm came in - the lighting and the thunder was taken as auspicious omens - and later that night, the slaves began to kill their masters and plunged the colony into civil war. The signal to begin the revolt was given by Dutty Boukman, a high priest of vodou and leader of the Maroon slaves, during a religious ceremony at Bois Caïman on the night of 14 August. Within the next ten days, slaves had taken control of the entire Northern Province in an unprecedented slave revolt. Whites kept control of only a few isolated, fortified camps. The slaves sought revenge on their masters through ``pillage, rape, torture, mutilation, and death ''. The long years of oppression by the slave masters had left many blacks with a hatred of all whites, and the revolt was marked by extreme violence from the very start. The masters and mistresses were dragged from their beds to be killed, and the heads of French children were placed on spikes that were carried at the front of the rebel columns. Title: St. John Richardson Liddell Passage: St. John Richardson Liddell (September 6, 1815 – February 14, 1870) was a prominent Louisiana planter who served as a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was an outspoken proponent of Southern emancipation of slaves. Liddell was murdered by a former Confederate officer near his home in 1870. Title: The Emancipation of Mimi Passage: The Emancipation of Mimi is the tenth studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey, released through Island Records on April 12, 2005. "The Emancipation of Mimi" was considered Carey's "comeback album" by critics and became her highest-selling release in the US in a decade. In composing the album, the singer collaborated with many songwriters and producers throughout 2004, including Jermaine Dupri, Snoop Dogg, Twista, Nelly, Pharrell Williams, and James "Big Jim" Wright, many of whom appeared as featured guests on select tracks. Title: Watson's (United States) Passage: Ira A. Watson Co., more commonly known as Watson's was a department store chain based in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It was founded in 1907 and grew to many locations throughout the Southeastern United States. The company was purchased for $4.45 million by Peebles with the transaction closing June 29, 1998. Title: List of Malcolm in the Middle characters Passage: Piama Tananahaakna, played by Emy Coligado (29 episodes), is Francis' wife whom he met and married off - screen during his year in Alaska. Piama is about a year older than Francis, and before him, Piama had previously been married briefly. Primarily due to her being brought home under volatile circumstances, in which Francis (while still a minor, although emancipated) shocked the family with news of the marriage and thus disrupting Hal's birthday party, Lois disliked Piama from her introduction in the third season and into the fourth. However, after an embarrassing encounter with her wealthy in - law's, Lois has been much more respectful of Piama. She originally started off against having children, but by Graduation, Piama got over it after Reese's prank went awry (``We may as well go ahead and have kids now, I'm not afraid of changing diapers any more. '') Title: Messaoud Ould Boulkheir Passage: Messaoud Ould Boulkheir (, born 1943, Fara El Kitane ) is among the first Haratine to become a political leader in Mauritania. Messaoud also contributed significantly to the end of the 1989 events in Mauritania, protecting the right of the victims and the emancipation of the Haratine in Mauritania with his party. Title: Saint Helena Passage: Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies. Title: Figure in a landscape Passage: Figure in a landscape is a 1945 painting by the Irish-born artist Francis Bacon. Based on a photograph of Eric Hall dozing on a seat in Hyde Park, also the basis of another painting held in the Lefevre "Figure in a landscape" (1945) which was bought by Diana Watson and later in 1950 by the Tate gallery (with the support of Graham Sutherland, then a trustee (1948–1954). Title: Pub Passage: The Eagle and Child and the Lamb and Flag, Oxford, were regular meeting places of the Inklings, a writers' group which included J. R. R. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis. The Eagle in Cambridge is where Francis Crick interrupted patrons' lunchtime on 28 February 1953 to announce that he and James Watson had "discovered the secret of life" after they had come up with their proposal for the structure of DNA. The anecdote is related in Watson's book The Double Helix. and commemorated with a blue plaque on the outside wall. Title: Francis Watson (cricketer) Passage: The son of a clergyman, Watson was born on a ship in the bay at Saint Helena. He grew up in India before his family moved to Tasmania. He moved to New Zealand, where he worked as a schoolteacher, becoming headmaster of the Campbell Street School in Palmerston North. Title: Tennessee Passage: When the Emancipation Proclamation was announced, Tennessee was mostly held by Union forces. Thus, Tennessee was not among the states enumerated in the Proclamation, and the Proclamation did not free any slaves there. Nonetheless, enslaved African Americans escaped to Union lines to gain freedom without waiting for official action. Old and young, men, women and children camped near Union troops. Thousands of former slaves ended up fighting on the Union side, nearly 200,000 in total across the South. Title: Jackson Avery Passage: At the end of the eighth season, April and Jackson's friendship evolved into an intimate relationship: ``I thought they were going to be able to walk the line of staying on the friendship side of things. What they have is kind of really unique and organic in the world of Grey's Anatomy -- two genders in a completely platonic, wholesome, pleasant and productive relationship / friendship. Who is to say that has to end? ''In the ninth season, Jackson started a relationship with intern Stephanie Edward. Williams gave his insight:`` That's a relationship that is fun, light, and no strings attached. She's sweet. She's funny. They are n't bogged down by these big notions of each other. Jackson later declares his love for April at her wedding to EMT Matthew. They get married and have a child together, but he dies shortly after birth. They are now divorced, but April is newly pregnant. In the present, April has just given birth to a baby girl, and it seems to have made them closer. Title: 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship Passage: Clemson took possession of the ball with 2: 01 on the clock and the ball on their own 36 yard line. After another long catch by Mike Williams, the drive came to a 3rd & 3 on the Alabama 32 yard line, which was converted on a pass to Renfrow to the Alabama 26 yard line with 0: 19 left. The next play saw Watson find Jordan Leggett on a pass down to the Tide 9 yard line with 0: 14 left. Watson threw to the end zone on 1st & goal; the pass was overthrown and the clock stopped with 0: 09. On 2nd & goal, Watson targeted Mike Williams, who was tripped in the end zone. The resulting pass interference call gave the Tigers 1st & goal with the ball placed on the 2 - yard line with 0: 06 left. On the next play, Watson threw a touchdown pass to Renfrow with 0: 01 left; putting Clemson back in the lead, 35 -- 31. After Clemson recovered an onside kick attempting to run out the clock, the game ended with a kneel - down and Clemson won the National Championship Game. Title: Phillippo Baptist Church Passage: Phillippo Baptist Church , built 1827, is named after its founder and first minister, Reverend James Phillippo, a Baptist missionary who arrived in Jamaica in 1823. He campaigned for the abolition of slavery and for the establishment of "Free Villages" for emancipated slaves. The church is located on the corner of William and French Streets, in Spanish Town, Jamaica.	[ "Francis Watson (cricketer)", "Saint Helena" ]
2hop__599396_19320	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years, according to Forbes magazine. In the same year, the city ranked second on the annual Fortune 500 list of company headquarters, first for Forbes magazine's Best Cities for College Graduates, and first on their list of Best Cities to Buy a Home. In 2010, the city was rated the best city for shopping, according to Forbes.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.", "title": "Mexico City" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Title Year Album ``If It Means a Lot to You ''(A Day to Remember featuring Sierra Kusterbeck) 2009 Homesick`` Contagious'' (Anarbor featuring Sierra Kusterbeck) 2011 The Mixtape ``West Coast ''(Brown & Gammon featuring Sierra Kusterbeck) 2013 Non-album single`` (No) Faith in Fate'' (I the Mighty featuring Sierra Kay) 2015 Connector", "title": "Sierra Kay" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The vice president of Sierra Leone is the second most influential position in the government of Sierra Leone, after the president. The current Vice President of Sierra Leone is Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh, a member of the ruling Sierra Leone People's Party, and he was sworn in as vice president on April 4, 2018, after the victory of him and his presidential running mate running mate in the 2018 Sierra Leone presidential election.", "title": "Vice-President of Sierra Leone" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sierra Arana or Sierra de Arana, also known as Sierra Harana, is a mountain range in the center of the province of Granada, southern Spain. Its highest peak is the Peña de la Cruz, at .", "title": "Sierra Arana" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wusum Stars of Bombali commonly referred to as simply Wusum Stars, is a Sierra Leonean professional football club based in Makeni, Sierra Leone. They are member of Sierra Leone National Premier League, the top football league in Sierra Leone. The club represent the Bombali District. Their home matches are played at Wusum Stadium in Makeni. Wusum Stars won the Sierra Leone FA Cup in 1979.", "title": "Wusum Stars" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Juan José Barros Araujo (born 24 June 1989 in Barranquilla, Colombia) is a Peruvian footballer. He currently plays for Unión Comercio in the Torneo Descentralizado.", "title": "Juan José Barros" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Face / Off was released in North America on June 27, 1997 and earned $23,387,530 on its opening weekend, ranking number one in the domestic box office. It went on to become the 11th highest domestic and 14th worldwide grossing film of 1997, earning a domestic total of $112,276,146 and $133,400,000 overseas for a total of worldwide gross of $245,676,146. It was a box office hit. It also became Woo's highest - grossing American film.", "title": "Face/Off" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "José Rafael Abello Silva (alias: \"Mono Abello\") was a top-ranking member of Colombia's notorious Medellín Cartel. He was considered among the major drug traffickers in the Santa Marta region and the reputed chief of Caribbean coast operations on the cartel's behalf. During January 1987, Abello was included in a group of 128 major narcotics figures whose capture was ordered by President Virgilio Barco. Although he was captured in Barranquilla during that same month, he was released shortly thereafter, apparently with the help of Miguel Pinedo Barros, a senator in La Guajira and reputed protector of cocaine traffickers.", "title": "José Abello Silva" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Javier Castilla Conde (born April 18, 1981, in Bogotá) is a professional male squash player who represented Colombia. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 186 in March 2007 after having joined the Professional Squash Association (PSA) in 2006.", "title": "Javier Castilla" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Javier Barros Sierra (1915-1971) was a Mexican engineer and Rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico during the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre.", "title": "Javier Barros Sierra" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Electrochemical Society is a learned society (professional association) based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of electrochemistry and solid-state science and technology. The society membership comprises more than 8,000 scientists and engineers in over 70 countries worldwide who hold individual membership, as well as roughly 100 corporations and laboratories that hold corporate membership.", "title": "Electrochemical Society" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Born in Mexico city, he studied civil engineering at UNAM. He became president of the student society of the Faculty of Sciences in 1936 and University Counsellor in 1938. He taught for more than 20 years in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (a high school of UNAM) and the National School of Engineering (later Faculty of Engineering), of whom he was director from 1955 to 1958. He became Rector on May 5, 1966. During his rectorship, the government and the army entered Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM's main campus. In protest of these actions and the indiscriminate beating of UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a post he held until May 5, 1970.", "title": "Javier Barros Sierra" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rank Country / Region Diamond production (million carats) in 2016 World 121.7 Russia 40 Botswana 20.9 Australia 13.9 DR Congo 12.3 Canada 11.1 6 Angola 9 7 South Africa 8.4 8 Zimbabwe 9 Namibia 1.5 10 Sierra Leone 0.5 - Other countries", "title": "List of countries by diamond production" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henry Lamin Massaquoi (born September 19, 1978 in Bo, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean international footballer. He is a member of the Leone Stars, Sierra Leone national football team.", "title": "Lamin Massaquoi" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Solana de los Barros is a municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. It has a population of 2,657 and an area of 65.09 km².", "title": "Solana de los Barros" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mohamed Fornah (born November 20, 1987 in Freetown, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean international footballer who is a defender and is currently playing for Perseta Tulungagung in the Liga Indonesia Premier Division. He is also a member of the Sierra Leone National team. He was a member of the Sierra Under-17 squad that participated at the 2005 Mediterranean Cup in Turkey.", "title": "Mohamed Fornah" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luiz Roberto de Barros Mott or Luiz Mott (6 May 1946 in São Paulo, Brazil), is a researcher and an anthropologist, a historian and one of the most notable gay civil rights activists in Brazil.", "title": "Luiz Mott" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Magbass Is a farming town in Tonkolili District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Magbass is located about 55 miles from Freetown. The town is home to the Magbass Sugar Complex, one of the largest sugar producing plantation in West Africa . The factory provides employment for a number of people within Tonkolili District and across Sierra Leone .", "title": "Magbass" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Viuvinha is a 1914 Brazilian silent romantic drama film directed by Luiz de Barros and starring Linda Bianchi and Gita de Barros.", "title": "A Viuvinha (film)" } ]	What worldwide ranking does Javier Barros Sierra's employer hold?	74th	[]	Title: Mohamed Fornah Passage: Mohamed Fornah (born November 20, 1987 in Freetown, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean international footballer who is a defender and is currently playing for Perseta Tulungagung in the Liga Indonesia Premier Division. He is also a member of the Sierra Leone National team. He was a member of the Sierra Under-17 squad that participated at the 2005 Mediterranean Cup in Turkey. Title: Javier Castilla Passage: Javier Castilla Conde (born April 18, 1981, in Bogotá) is a professional male squash player who represented Colombia. He reached a career-high world ranking of World No. 186 in March 2007 after having joined the Professional Squash Association (PSA) in 2006. Title: Wusum Stars Passage: The Wusum Stars of Bombali commonly referred to as simply Wusum Stars, is a Sierra Leonean professional football club based in Makeni, Sierra Leone. They are member of Sierra Leone National Premier League, the top football league in Sierra Leone. The club represent the Bombali District. Their home matches are played at Wusum Stadium in Makeni. Wusum Stars won the Sierra Leone FA Cup in 1979. Title: Javier Barros Sierra Passage: Born in Mexico city, he studied civil engineering at UNAM. He became president of the student society of the Faculty of Sciences in 1936 and University Counsellor in 1938. He taught for more than 20 years in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (a high school of UNAM) and the National School of Engineering (later Faculty of Engineering), of whom he was director from 1955 to 1958. He became Rector on May 5, 1966. During his rectorship, the government and the army entered Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM's main campus. In protest of these actions and the indiscriminate beating of UNAM's students, he resigned his post on September 23, 9 days before the massacre in Tlatelolco. He was reinstated as Rector after the liberation of CU, a post he held until May 5, 1970. Title: Electrochemical Society Passage: The Electrochemical Society is a learned society (professional association) based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of electrochemistry and solid-state science and technology. The society membership comprises more than 8,000 scientists and engineers in over 70 countries worldwide who hold individual membership, as well as roughly 100 corporations and laboratories that hold corporate membership. Title: Sierra Arana Passage: The Sierra Arana or Sierra de Arana, also known as Sierra Harana, is a mountain range in the center of the province of Granada, southern Spain. Its highest peak is the Peña de la Cruz, at . Title: Mexico City Passage: The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007. Title: Juan José Barros Passage: Juan José Barros Araujo (born 24 June 1989 in Barranquilla, Colombia) is a Peruvian footballer. He currently plays for Unión Comercio in the Torneo Descentralizado. Title: List of countries by diamond production Passage: Rank Country / Region Diamond production (million carats) in 2016 World 121.7 Russia 40 Botswana 20.9 Australia 13.9 DR Congo 12.3 Canada 11.1 6 Angola 9 7 South Africa 8.4 8 Zimbabwe 9 Namibia 1.5 10 Sierra Leone 0.5 - Other countries Title: Lamin Massaquoi Passage: Henry Lamin Massaquoi (born September 19, 1978 in Bo, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean international footballer. He is a member of the Leone Stars, Sierra Leone national football team. Title: A Viuvinha (film) Passage: A Viuvinha is a 1914 Brazilian silent romantic drama film directed by Luiz de Barros and starring Linda Bianchi and Gita de Barros. Title: Solana de los Barros Passage: Solana de los Barros is a municipality in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. It has a population of 2,657 and an area of 65.09 km². Title: José Abello Silva Passage: José Rafael Abello Silva (alias: "Mono Abello") was a top-ranking member of Colombia's notorious Medellín Cartel. He was considered among the major drug traffickers in the Santa Marta region and the reputed chief of Caribbean coast operations on the cartel's behalf. During January 1987, Abello was included in a group of 128 major narcotics figures whose capture was ordered by President Virgilio Barco. Although he was captured in Barranquilla during that same month, he was released shortly thereafter, apparently with the help of Miguel Pinedo Barros, a senator in La Guajira and reputed protector of cocaine traffickers. Title: Houston Passage: In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list, which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs, and quality of life. The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years, according to Forbes magazine. In the same year, the city ranked second on the annual Fortune 500 list of company headquarters, first for Forbes magazine's Best Cities for College Graduates, and first on their list of Best Cities to Buy a Home. In 2010, the city was rated the best city for shopping, according to Forbes. Title: Magbass Passage: Magbass Is a farming town in Tonkolili District in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Magbass is located about 55 miles from Freetown. The town is home to the Magbass Sugar Complex, one of the largest sugar producing plantation in West Africa . The factory provides employment for a number of people within Tonkolili District and across Sierra Leone . Title: Sierra Kay Passage: Title Year Album ``If It Means a Lot to You ''(A Day to Remember featuring Sierra Kusterbeck) 2009 Homesick`` Contagious'' (Anarbor featuring Sierra Kusterbeck) 2011 The Mixtape ``West Coast ''(Brown & Gammon featuring Sierra Kusterbeck) 2013 Non-album single`` (No) Faith in Fate'' (I the Mighty featuring Sierra Kay) 2015 Connector Title: Vice-President of Sierra Leone Passage: The vice president of Sierra Leone is the second most influential position in the government of Sierra Leone, after the president. The current Vice President of Sierra Leone is Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh, a member of the ruling Sierra Leone People's Party, and he was sworn in as vice president on April 4, 2018, after the victory of him and his presidential running mate running mate in the 2018 Sierra Leone presidential election. Title: Javier Barros Sierra Passage: Javier Barros Sierra (1915-1971) was a Mexican engineer and Rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico during the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre. Title: Luiz Mott Passage: Luiz Roberto de Barros Mott or Luiz Mott (6 May 1946 in São Paulo, Brazil), is a researcher and an anthropologist, a historian and one of the most notable gay civil rights activists in Brazil. Title: Face/Off Passage: Face / Off was released in North America on June 27, 1997 and earned $23,387,530 on its opening weekend, ranking number one in the domestic box office. It went on to become the 11th highest domestic and 14th worldwide grossing film of 1997, earning a domestic total of $112,276,146 and $133,400,000 overseas for a total of worldwide gross of $245,676,146. It was a box office hit. It also became Woo's highest - grossing American film.	[ "Mexico City", "Javier Barros Sierra" ]
2hop__67660_158861	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodore Evelyn Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the ``long version ''of how he met their mother.", "title": "Ted Mosby" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At age four, Hannigan began appearing in commercials. She moved to Hollywood at age 11.Living with her mother and attending North Hollywood High School, she successfully auditioned for agents while visiting her father in Santa Barbara. After attending North Hollywood High School, she attended California State University, Northridge, where she was a member of the Alpha Chi Omega sorority and earned a degree in psychology.Hannigan's first major film role was in My Stepmother Is an Alien, a science-fiction comedy released in 1988; one of her co-stars in the film was actor Seth Green, who later joined her in the regular cast of Buffy as her on-screen boyfriend. In 1989, her first regular role on a TV series came when she was cast in the short-lived ABC sitcom Free Spirit. As a teenager, Hannigan babysat for the children of her future How I Met Your Mother costar, Bob Saget.", "title": "Alyson Hannigan" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roy Dotrice, OBE (born 26 May 1923) is a British actor known for his Tony Award - winning Broadway performance in the revival of A Moon for the Misbegotten. Film audiences know him best for his role as Leopold Mozart in the Oscar - winning film Amadeus. He is also known for narrating the audio book versions of the A Song of Ice and Fire series.", "title": "Roy Dotrice" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacoba Francisca Maria ``Cobie ''Smulders (born April 3, 1982) is a Canadian actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Robin Scherbatsky on the television series How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014) and Maria Hill in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.", "title": "Cobie Smulders" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilma Jeanne Cooper (October 25, 1928 -- May 8, 2013) was an American actress, best known for her role as Katherine Chancellor on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless (1973 -- 2013). At the time of her death, she was eighth on the all - time list of longest - serving soap opera actors in the United States. She was the mother of actor Corbin Bernsen.", "title": "Jeanne Cooper" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henrie guest starred in many shows such as Providence, Without a Trace, The Mullets, Judging Amy, The D.A., Jack & Bobby, NCIS, House, and Cold Case. Before his role on Wizards of Waverly Place, he had a recurring role on That's So Raven as Cory's friend Larry. Henrie also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother, where he played Ted's future son.", "title": "David Henrie" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joshua Radnor (born July 29, 1974) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Ted Mosby on the popular Emmy Award - winning CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother. He made his writing and directorial debut with the 2010 comedy drama film Happythankyoumoreplease, for which he won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize.", "title": "Josh Radnor" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Mark Fagerbakke (/ ˈfeɪɡərbɑːki /; born October 4, 1957) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for his long - running roles as Patrick Star in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants and Michael ``Dauber ''Dybinski on the sitcom Coach. He also appeared in 12 episodes of the sitcom How I Met Your Mother as Marshall Eriksen's father Marvin.", "title": "Bill Fagerbakke" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Emerson (born September 7, 1954) is an American film and television actor who is best known for his roles as serial killer William Hinks on The Practice, Benjamin Linus on Lost, Zep Hindle in the first Saw film, and Harold Finch on the CBS series Person of Interest. Emerson has also worked extensively in theater and narration. He has won two Primetime Emmy Awards and been nominated for three others, as well as receiving other awards and nominations.", "title": "Michael Emerson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Erin Jessica Cahill (born January 4, 1980) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Jen Scotts in Power Rangers Time Force, Ted Mosby's sister, Heather, in How I Met Your Mother, and Kendra Burke in Saving Grace. She had a recurring role as Felicity in the ABC series Red Widow. She is also noted to be the first lead female character for the Call of Duty franchise, as Chloe 'Karma' Lynch in Call of Duty: Black Ops II.", "title": "Erin Cahill" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theodore Evelyn ``Ted ''Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the`` long version'' of how he met their mother.", "title": "Ted Mosby" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joshua Radnor (born July 29, 1974) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for portraying Ted Mosby on the popular Emmy Award - winning CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother. He made his writing and directorial debut with the 2010 comedy drama film Happythankyoumoreplease, for which he won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize.", "title": "Josh Radnor" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, writer, producer, comedian, magician, and singer. He is known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 -- 1993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf in A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017 -- present).", "title": "Neil Patrick Harris" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Douglas Rain (born March 13, 1928) is a Canadian actor and narrator. Though primarily a stage actor, he is also known for providing the voice of the HAL 9000 computer for the film 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and its sequel, 2010 (1984).", "title": "Douglas Rain" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tracy McConnell, better known as ``The Mother '', is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers '', as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005 to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with a 27-year-old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long-lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), womanizing-playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a \"will they or won't they\" relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gossamer Wump is a children's record, published in 1949 by Capitol Records, about a boy who learns to play the triangle. The story is narrated by Frank Morgan, Hollywood actor best known for his role as the Wizard in the classic film \"The Wizard of Oz\", with music by Billy May, and written by Hollywood screenwriters Roger Price and Helen Mack.", "title": "Gossamer Wump" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alyson Lee Hannigan (born March 24, 1974) is an American actress and television presenter. She is best known for her roles as Willow Rosenberg on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003), Lily Aldrin on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother (2005–2014) for which she won a People's Choice Award in 2009, and Michelle Flaherty in the American Pie film series (1999–2012).", "title": "Alyson Hannigan" } ]	What actor had the role of the narrator of How I Met Your Mother?	Josh Radnor	[]	Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with a 27-year-old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long-lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), womanizing-playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a "will they or won't they" relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers. Title: Ted Mosby Passage: Theodore Evelyn ``Ted ''Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the`` long version'' of how he met their mother. Title: Alyson Hannigan Passage: At age four, Hannigan began appearing in commercials. She moved to Hollywood at age 11.Living with her mother and attending North Hollywood High School, she successfully auditioned for agents while visiting her father in Santa Barbara. After attending North Hollywood High School, she attended California State University, Northridge, where she was a member of the Alpha Chi Omega sorority and earned a degree in psychology.Hannigan's first major film role was in My Stepmother Is an Alien, a science-fiction comedy released in 1988; one of her co-stars in the film was actor Seth Green, who later joined her in the regular cast of Buffy as her on-screen boyfriend. In 1989, her first regular role on a TV series came when she was cast in the short-lived ABC sitcom Free Spirit. As a teenager, Hannigan babysat for the children of her future How I Met Your Mother costar, Bob Saget. Title: Gossamer Wump Passage: Gossamer Wump is a children's record, published in 1949 by Capitol Records, about a boy who learns to play the triangle. The story is narrated by Frank Morgan, Hollywood actor best known for his role as the Wizard in the classic film "The Wizard of Oz", with music by Billy May, and written by Hollywood screenwriters Roger Price and Helen Mack. Title: Jeanne Cooper Passage: Wilma Jeanne Cooper (October 25, 1928 -- May 8, 2013) was an American actress, best known for her role as Katherine Chancellor on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless (1973 -- 2013). At the time of her death, she was eighth on the all - time list of longest - serving soap opera actors in the United States. She was the mother of actor Corbin Bernsen. Title: Alyson Hannigan Passage: Alyson Lee Hannigan (born March 24, 1974) is an American actress and television presenter. She is best known for her roles as Willow Rosenberg on the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2003), Lily Aldrin on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother (2005–2014) for which she won a People's Choice Award in 2009, and Michelle Flaherty in the American Pie film series (1999–2012). Title: Neil Patrick Harris Passage: Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, writer, producer, comedian, magician, and singer. He is known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 -- 1993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf in A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017 -- present). Title: Roy Dotrice Passage: Roy Dotrice, OBE (born 26 May 1923) is a British actor known for his Tony Award - winning Broadway performance in the revival of A Moon for the Misbegotten. Film audiences know him best for his role as Leopold Mozart in the Oscar - winning film Amadeus. He is also known for narrating the audio book versions of the A Song of Ice and Fire series. Title: Josh Radnor Passage: Joshua Radnor (born July 29, 1974) is an American actor and singer. He is best known for portraying Ted Mosby on the popular Emmy Award - winning CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother. He made his writing and directorial debut with the 2010 comedy drama film Happythankyoumoreplease, for which he won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: How I Met Your Mother (often abbreviated to HIMYM) is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from September 19, 2005 to March 31, 2014. The series follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in the year 2030, recounts to his son and daughter the events that led him to meet their mother. Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers '', as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. Title: Erin Cahill Passage: Erin Jessica Cahill (born January 4, 1980) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Jen Scotts in Power Rangers Time Force, Ted Mosby's sister, Heather, in How I Met Your Mother, and Kendra Burke in Saving Grace. She had a recurring role as Felicity in the ABC series Red Widow. She is also noted to be the first lead female character for the Call of Duty franchise, as Chloe 'Karma' Lynch in Call of Duty: Black Ops II. Title: David Henrie Passage: Henrie guest starred in many shows such as Providence, Without a Trace, The Mullets, Judging Amy, The D.A., Jack & Bobby, NCIS, House, and Cold Case. Before his role on Wizards of Waverly Place, he had a recurring role on That's So Raven as Cory's friend Larry. Henrie also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother, where he played Ted's future son. Title: Cobie Smulders Passage: Jacoba Francisca Maria ``Cobie ''Smulders (born April 3, 1982) is a Canadian actress and model. She is best known for her roles as Robin Scherbatsky on the television series How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014) and Maria Hill in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Title: Douglas Rain Passage: Douglas Rain (born March 13, 1928) is a Canadian actor and narrator. Though primarily a stage actor, he is also known for providing the voice of the HAL 9000 computer for the film 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and its sequel, 2010 (1984). Title: Josh Radnor Passage: Joshua Radnor (born July 29, 1974) is an American actor. He is best known for portraying Ted Mosby on the popular Emmy Award - winning CBS sitcom How I Met Your Mother. He made his writing and directorial debut with the 2010 comedy drama film Happythankyoumoreplease, for which he won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: Tracy McConnell, better known as ``The Mother '', is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. Title: Bill Fagerbakke Passage: William Mark Fagerbakke (/ ˈfeɪɡərbɑːki /; born October 4, 1957) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for his long - running roles as Patrick Star in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants and Michael ``Dauber ''Dybinski on the sitcom Coach. He also appeared in 12 episodes of the sitcom How I Met Your Mother as Marshall Eriksen's father Marvin. Title: Michael Emerson Passage: Michael Emerson (born September 7, 1954) is an American film and television actor who is best known for his roles as serial killer William Hinks on The Practice, Benjamin Linus on Lost, Zep Hindle in the first Saw film, and Harold Finch on the CBS series Person of Interest. Emerson has also worked extensively in theater and narration. He has won two Primetime Emmy Awards and been nominated for three others, as well as receiving other awards and nominations. Title: Ted Mosby Passage: Theodore Evelyn Mosby is a fictional character and the main protagonist in the U.S. television sitcom How I Met Your Mother, portrayed by Josh Radnor. Ted also serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the ``long version ''of how he met their mother.	[ "How I Met Your Mother", "How I Met Your Mother" ]
2hop__124412_402641	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vanessa Hudgens as Kailani Laguatan Gabato's daughter whom Sean falls in love with and who is part of the father - daughter tour guide team.", "title": "Journey 2: The Mysterious Island" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jam Hsiao Self Titled Album () is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Jam Hsiao's () debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released on 16 June 2008 by Warner Music Taiwan.", "title": "Jam Hsiao (album)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cheng Ch'ing-wen (; September 16, 1932 – November 4, 2017) was a Taiwanese writer and a graduate of National Taiwan University. He worked at the then government-run Hua Nan Bank for forty years. His works in English are generally under the transliteration \"Cheng Ch'ing-Wen\" and that is how he is described in many English-language publications published in Taiwan. The transliteration \"Tzeng Ching-wen\" is also used.", "title": "Cheng Ch'ing-wen" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The son of President Chiang Kai-shek and his first wife, Mao Fumei, Chiang Ching-kuo was born in Fenghua, Zhejiang, with the courtesy name of Jiànfēng (). He had an adopted brother, Chiang Wei-kuo. \"Ching\" literally means \"longitude\" while \"kuo\" means \"nation\"; in his brother's name, \"wei\" literally means \"parallel (of latitude)\". The names are inspired by the references in Chinese classics such as the \"Guoyu\", in which \"to draw the longitudes and latitudes of the world\" is used as a metaphor for a person with great abilities, especially in managing a country.", "title": "Chiang Ching-kuo" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chiang Hsiao-wen (; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.", "title": "Chiang Hsiao-wen" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Celie is a poor, uneducated, 14 - year - old girl living in the American South in the early 1900s. She writes letters to God because her father, Alphonso, beats her harshly and rapes her continuously. Alphonso has already impregnated Celie once, a pregnancy that resulted in the birth of a boy she called Adam. Alphonso takes the baby away shortly after his birth. Celie has a second child, a girl she called Olivia whom Alphonso also abducts. Celie's ailing mother dies after cursing Celie on her deathbed.", "title": "The Color Purple" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chiang Hsiao-wu (; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 - July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father.", "title": "Chiang Hsiao-wu" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barney has three half - siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode ``The Rebound Girl ''); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one - night stand in`` Ring Up!'', and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode ``Okay Awesome ''.", "title": "Barney Stinson" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mae Yao () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 19,958 people. The \"tambon\" contains 18 villages.", "title": "Mae Yao" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Doi Chiang Dao (, ), also known as Doi Luang Chiang Dao (, ), is a 2,175 m high mountain in Chiang Dao District of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. It is one of the highest peaks of the Daen Lao Range on the Thai side of the border.", "title": "Doi Chiang Dao" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Loekman Hakim was born in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, on December 30, 1975, to Eman Sulaeman and Iis Martini. Loekman is the third child of five siblings. His father was a teacher at SMP 5 Bandung. Loekman married Rika Nurhayati and have two child.", "title": "Loekman Hakim" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gregoire Boonzaier was the fifth child of political cartoonist Daniël Cornelis Boonzaier and his cousin Maria Elizabeth Boonzaier. Early on Gregoire made the acquaintance of the artists Pieter Wenning, Nita Spilhaus, Moses Kottler and Anton van Wouw, all of whom were close family friends.", "title": "Gregoire Boonzaier" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bo Yikao was the eldest son of King Wen of Zhou and the elder brother of King Wu who was the founder of the Zhou dynasty of ancient China.", "title": "Bo Yikao" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sun Moon Lake Wen Wu Temple () is a Wen Wu temple located on the perimeter of Sun Moon Lake in Yuchi Township, Nantou County, Taiwan.", "title": "Sun Moon Lake Wen Wu Temple" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nang Lae () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 10,312 people. The \"tambon\" has 14 villages.", "title": "Nang Lae" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Phi Suea () is a \"tambon\" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Mai District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 8,466 people. The \"tambon\" contains 9 villages.", "title": "San Phi Suea" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Malcolm Shabazz was born in Paris on October 8, 1984. His father, L. A. Bouasba, was an Algerian Muslim whom Qubilah Shabazz met there. According to Malcolm, he never met his father. Other sources say Malcolm knew his father, but they had little contact with one another.", "title": "Malcolm Shabazz" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Miracle Child (French: L'enfant du miracle) is a 1932 French science fiction film based on a play of the same name by Robert Charvay and Paul Gavault. The plot of the film centers around a widow named Blanche Montel who endeavours to find a man with whom to produce a child so that she can pretend that the child was her late husband's and so inherit a fortune. In a scene which has been cited as particularly humorous, a few characters interrupt a Spiritualist séance and are subsequently believed to be ghosts. Ginette Leclerc's minor role in \"The Miracle Child\" was one of her first acting roles in a long and successful career.", "title": "The Miracle Child" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Heat of the Sun is a 1994 Chinese film directed and written by Jiang Wen. This was Jiang Wen's first foray into directing after years as a leading man. The film is based loosely on author Wang Shuo's novel \"Wild Beast\".", "title": "In the Heat of the Sun" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xiao Shuxian (Simplified Chinese: 萧淑娴; Traditional Chinese: 蕭淑嫻; Pinyin: Xiāo Shúxián; sometimes spelled Hsiao Shu-sien) (4 April 1905 in Tianjin – 26 November 1991 in Beijing) was a Chinese composer and music educator.", "title": "Xiao Shuxian" } ]	Who is the child of Chiang Hsiao-wen's father?	Chiang Hsiao-wu	[ "Alex Chiang" ]	Title: Malcolm Shabazz Passage: Malcolm Shabazz was born in Paris on October 8, 1984. His father, L. A. Bouasba, was an Algerian Muslim whom Qubilah Shabazz met there. According to Malcolm, he never met his father. Other sources say Malcolm knew his father, but they had little contact with one another. Title: Sun Moon Lake Wen Wu Temple Passage: The Sun Moon Lake Wen Wu Temple () is a Wen Wu temple located on the perimeter of Sun Moon Lake in Yuchi Township, Nantou County, Taiwan. Title: Xiao Shuxian Passage: Xiao Shuxian (Simplified Chinese: 萧淑娴; Traditional Chinese: 蕭淑嫻; Pinyin: Xiāo Shúxián; sometimes spelled Hsiao Shu-sien) (4 April 1905 in Tianjin – 26 November 1991 in Beijing) was a Chinese composer and music educator. Title: Nang Lae Passage: Nang Lae () is a "tambon" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 10,312 people. The "tambon" has 14 villages. Title: The Color Purple Passage: Celie is a poor, uneducated, 14 - year - old girl living in the American South in the early 1900s. She writes letters to God because her father, Alphonso, beats her harshly and rapes her continuously. Alphonso has already impregnated Celie once, a pregnancy that resulted in the birth of a boy she called Adam. Alphonso takes the baby away shortly after his birth. Celie has a second child, a girl she called Olivia whom Alphonso also abducts. Celie's ailing mother dies after cursing Celie on her deathbed. Title: Gregoire Boonzaier Passage: Gregoire Boonzaier was the fifth child of political cartoonist Daniël Cornelis Boonzaier and his cousin Maria Elizabeth Boonzaier. Early on Gregoire made the acquaintance of the artists Pieter Wenning, Nita Spilhaus, Moses Kottler and Anton van Wouw, all of whom were close family friends. Title: Chiang Ching-kuo Passage: The son of President Chiang Kai-shek and his first wife, Mao Fumei, Chiang Ching-kuo was born in Fenghua, Zhejiang, with the courtesy name of Jiànfēng (). He had an adopted brother, Chiang Wei-kuo. "Ching" literally means "longitude" while "kuo" means "nation"; in his brother's name, "wei" literally means "parallel (of latitude)". The names are inspired by the references in Chinese classics such as the "Guoyu", in which "to draw the longitudes and latitudes of the world" is used as a metaphor for a person with great abilities, especially in managing a country. Title: San Phi Suea Passage: San Phi Suea () is a "tambon" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Mai District, in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a total population of 8,466 people. The "tambon" contains 9 villages. Title: Journey 2: The Mysterious Island Passage: Vanessa Hudgens as Kailani Laguatan Gabato's daughter whom Sean falls in love with and who is part of the father - daughter tour guide team. Title: Bo Yikao Passage: Bo Yikao was the eldest son of King Wen of Zhou and the elder brother of King Wu who was the founder of the Zhou dynasty of ancient China. Title: Chiang Hsiao-wu Passage: Chiang Hsiao-wu (; also known as Alex Chiang; April 25, 1945 - July 1, 1991) was the second son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one older brother, Hsiao-wen, one older sister, Hsiao-chang, and one younger brother, Hsiao-yung. He also had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father. Title: In the Heat of the Sun Passage: In the Heat of the Sun is a 1994 Chinese film directed and written by Jiang Wen. This was Jiang Wen's first foray into directing after years as a leading man. The film is based loosely on author Wang Shuo's novel "Wild Beast". Title: Barney Stinson Passage: Barney has three half - siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode ``The Rebound Girl ''); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one - night stand in`` Ring Up!'', and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode ``Okay Awesome ''. Title: Mae Yao Passage: Mae Yao () is a "tambon" (subdistrict) of Mueang Chiang Rai District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In 2005 it had a population of 19,958 people. The "tambon" contains 18 villages. Title: Cheng Ch'ing-wen Passage: Cheng Ch'ing-wen (; September 16, 1932 – November 4, 2017) was a Taiwanese writer and a graduate of National Taiwan University. He worked at the then government-run Hua Nan Bank for forty years. His works in English are generally under the transliteration "Cheng Ch'ing-Wen" and that is how he is described in many English-language publications published in Taiwan. The transliteration "Tzeng Ching-wen" is also used. Title: Chiang Hsiao-wen Passage: Chiang Hsiao-wen (; also known as Alan Chiang; 14 December 1935 – 14 April 1989) was the eldest son of Chiang Ching-kuo, the President of the Republic of China in Taiwan from 1978 to 1988. His mother is Faina Ipatyevna Vakhreva, also known as Chiang Fang-liang. He had one younger sister, Hsiao-chang, and two younger brothers, Hsiao-wu and Hsiao-yung. He had two half-brothers, Winston Chang and John Chiang, with whom he shared the same father. Title: Jam Hsiao (album) Passage: Jam Hsiao Self Titled Album () is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Jam Hsiao's () debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released on 16 June 2008 by Warner Music Taiwan. Title: The Miracle Child Passage: The Miracle Child (French: L'enfant du miracle) is a 1932 French science fiction film based on a play of the same name by Robert Charvay and Paul Gavault. The plot of the film centers around a widow named Blanche Montel who endeavours to find a man with whom to produce a child so that she can pretend that the child was her late husband's and so inherit a fortune. In a scene which has been cited as particularly humorous, a few characters interrupt a Spiritualist séance and are subsequently believed to be ghosts. Ginette Leclerc's minor role in "The Miracle Child" was one of her first acting roles in a long and successful career. Title: Doi Chiang Dao Passage: Doi Chiang Dao (, ), also known as Doi Luang Chiang Dao (, ), is a 2,175 m high mountain in Chiang Dao District of Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. It is one of the highest peaks of the Daen Lao Range on the Thai side of the border. Title: Loekman Hakim Passage: Loekman Hakim was born in Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia, on December 30, 1975, to Eman Sulaeman and Iis Martini. Loekman is the third child of five siblings. His father was a teacher at SMP 5 Bandung. Loekman married Rika Nurhayati and have two child.	[ "Chiang Hsiao-wen", "Chiang Hsiao-wu" ]
2hop__122651_141338	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Founded in 1992 as Changsha Hi-tech Development Area Zoomlion Construction Mechanical Industry Company, one of its first products were concrete pumps. The company grew out of a subsidiary founded in 1956 in Beijing, as part of the first Ministry of Machinery Industry, Ministry of Construction, Central Enterprise Work Committee.", "title": "Zoomlion" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Grelling was born in Berlin, at that time the capital of Prussia. He studied law but after finishing his studies worked as a writer and dramatist.", "title": "Richard Grelling" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zena Tsarfin graduated with dual degrees in journalism and political science from Brooklyn College. While attending college, she entered the publishing industry at 19 as an intern for the magazine \"High Times\". She later returned to \"High Times\", serving as the magazine's managing editor until 2001 and then again from March 2006 to January 2007. From 2014–2016, Tsarfin was\"High Times\"' director of digital media.", "title": "Zena Tsarfin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Otto Julius Zobel (October 20, 1887 – January 1970) was an electrical engineer who worked for the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) in the early part of the 20th century. Zobel's work on filter design was revolutionary and led, in conjunction with the work of John R. Carson, to significant commercial advances for AT&T in the field of frequency division multiplex (FDM) telephone transmissions.", "title": "Otto Julius Zobel" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The RCBC Plaza was designed by international architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP, in cooperation with local architectural firm W.V. Coscolluela & Associates. The structural design was provided by international engineering company Skilling Ward Magnusson Barkshire in cooperation with local engineering company R.S. Caparros Associates & Company. Project management services was provided by Bovis Lend Lease, while construction management works were provided by Pacific Orient Consultants & Management, Inc. The Main Contractor was ECW Joint Venture consisting of EEI Corporation (Philippines), Concrete Constructions (Australia) and Walter Bau (Germany). The superstructure construction works were self performed by ECW JV. EEI Corporation is also a part of the Yuchengco Group of Companies.", "title": "RCBC Plaza" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raglan Squire, the eldest son of the poet and critic J C (later Sir John) Squire, was born in London and educated at Blundell's School in Tiverton and at St John's College, Cambridge to read Architecture. Upon graduation Rag spent a year working on building sites, followed by four years working in architects' offices and studying part-time for his RIBA exams at the Regent Street Polytechnic's evening classes in the early 1930s.", "title": "Raglan Squire" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abu Bakr Atiku dan Shehu was born to the second wife of Usman dan Fodio in 1782. He was involved, as were all his siblings, in studies directed by his father in Degel until the family and some followers were exiled in 1804. Like his brother Muhammed Bello and his sister Nana Asma’u, he dedicated significant part of his early years to study and wrote poetry, history, and on Islamic studies. Many of his works of history and poetry survive and are considered key texts of the era.", "title": "Abu Bakr Atiku" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cvetko was born in Vučja Vas near Ljutomer in northeastern Slovenia in 1920. He studied music at the Ljubljana Academy of Music and graduated in 1948. He also completed graduate studies in Prague and Paris. He worked at Triglav Film, the Slovene National Theatre Opera and Ballet Company, and the Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra. He died in Ljubljana in 1999.", "title": "Ciril Cvetko" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A native of Sheridan, Michigan, Benjamin Franklin Bailey studied electrical engineering at the University of Michigan and later held the positions of chief engineer of the Fairbanks Morse Electrical Manufacturing Company and Howell Electrical Motor Company, director of Bailey Electrical Company, and vice-president and director of the Fremont Motor Corporation.", "title": "Benjamin Franklin Bailey" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Gardner, Massachusetts and studied at St. Joseph's College in Memramcook, New Brunswick. He became an administrator for the Assomption Mutuelle insurance company.", "title": "Omer Léger" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicolle Dickson was born on 29 January 1969 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and grew up in the suburb of Bass Hill with her family. As a child, she was a member of the children's theatre company 'Keane Kids'. Having achieved her Higher School Certificate at the end of 1986, Nicolle enrolled at Sydney College of the Arts in Balmain (later to become part of the University of Sydney) to study a BA degree in Visual Arts, majoring in photography.", "title": "Nicolle Dickson" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born Pierre Louis Delâge to a family of modest means in Cognac in the Charente \"département\" of France, as an infant he lost the sight in one eye. At the age of sixteen, he went to study at a trade school Arts et Métiers ParisTech in the city of Angers, graduating with an engineering degree in 1893. Delage then fulfilled his military obligation and was stationed in Algeria. Discharged in 1895, he found work with a railway company in the south of France but in 1900 moved to Paris. There, he was employed in the engineering and design department of a motor vehicle manufacturing concern until 1903 when he received an offer to join the fledgling Renault automobile company.", "title": "Louis Delâge" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sternen was born in Verd, now part of the Carniolan municipality of Vrhnika, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He attended the secondary school in Krško and attended technical school in Graz between 1888 and 1891. After finishing the school in Graz, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna. In 1897 he left Vienna for Munich, where he studied at Anton Ažbe's private art school. He lived and worked in the Bavarian capital until Ažbe's death in 1905.", "title": "Matej Sternen" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McGrew undertook post-graduate study at the University of Texas and later the University of Texas Law School. He signed up for military service from 1954 to 1956. He did not take part in athletics in his later life and instead used his studies to gain a placement at Humble Oil, at which he spent 30 years of his working life. He retired in the 1980s and lived until the age of 82. He died at Methodist Hospital in Houston.", "title": "Vern McGrew" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roshni Nadar grew up in Delhi, studied in Vasant Valley School and graduated from Northwestern University majoring in Communication with a focus on Radio/TV/Film. She also graduated with a Masters in Business Administration having a focus on Social Enterprise Management and Strategy from the Kellogg School of Management. She worked in various companies as a producer before joining HCL. Within a year of her joining HCL, she was elevated as executive director and CEO of HCL Corporation.", "title": "Roshni Nadar" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Sheffield, Yorkshire and has lived in Nottingham since attending the University of Nottingham where he earned a degree in English Literature and American Studies. After university, he taught English and Media Studies in Nottingham before becoming a full-time writer in 1994. Since 2002, he has worked part-time at Nottingham Trent University, where he teaches Creative Writing.", "title": "David Belbin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Niihama, Ehime. After graduating from high school on March 1955, he started working at a factory in Osaka making car parts but quit after only ten months. He studied manga via a mail-offered course and wrote to various manga magazines. In 1958 came his first commercially printed work \"Fukumenhakushi\" (覆面博士) and he began his career as a manga artist.", "title": "Tōru Shinohara" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michelle Magorian was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, and is of Armenian origin. She lived in Singapore and Australia from age seven to nine. As a child she spent as much time as possible in the King's Theatre in Portsmouth and her ambition was to become an actress. After three years of study at the Rose Bruford College of Speech and Drama, she spent two years at Marcel Marceau's L'école Internationale de Mime in Paris. From there she launched into a professional acting career and spent a few years touring all over the country - from Scotland to Devon and then Yorkshire - working in repertory companies, taking any part she could. Michelle's worst stage part was playing Orinoco in \"The Wombles\" musical. All this time she had been secretly writing stories. When she was 24 she became interested in children's books, and decided to write one herself.", "title": "Michelle Magorian" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Brooklyn College is a public college in Brooklyn, New York City. It is part of the City University of New York.", "title": "Brooklyn College" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The A45 autoroute is a proposed motorway in central France scheduled to open in 2015. Work stopped after initial studies in 1993. It will be controlled by a motorway company as yet unannounced. It will be a toll road. It will replace the A47, known for being obsolete and accident-prone. It will be privately managed in order to profitably be capable of bearing the intense traffic that will be brought to it from the influx of motorists to the A45 who currently drive on the A47. The project is officially dropped in 2018.", "title": "A45 autoroute" } ]	What company is Zena Tsarfin's school a part of?	City University of New York	[ "The City University of New York" ]	Title: Zoomlion Passage: Founded in 1992 as Changsha Hi-tech Development Area Zoomlion Construction Mechanical Industry Company, one of its first products were concrete pumps. The company grew out of a subsidiary founded in 1956 in Beijing, as part of the first Ministry of Machinery Industry, Ministry of Construction, Central Enterprise Work Committee. Title: Zena Tsarfin Passage: Zena Tsarfin graduated with dual degrees in journalism and political science from Brooklyn College. While attending college, she entered the publishing industry at 19 as an intern for the magazine "High Times". She later returned to "High Times", serving as the magazine's managing editor until 2001 and then again from March 2006 to January 2007. From 2014–2016, Tsarfin was"High Times"' director of digital media. Title: Tōru Shinohara Passage: He was born in Niihama, Ehime. After graduating from high school on March 1955, he started working at a factory in Osaka making car parts but quit after only ten months. He studied manga via a mail-offered course and wrote to various manga magazines. In 1958 came his first commercially printed work "Fukumenhakushi" (覆面博士) and he began his career as a manga artist. Title: Raglan Squire Passage: Raglan Squire, the eldest son of the poet and critic J C (later Sir John) Squire, was born in London and educated at Blundell's School in Tiverton and at St John's College, Cambridge to read Architecture. Upon graduation Rag spent a year working on building sites, followed by four years working in architects' offices and studying part-time for his RIBA exams at the Regent Street Polytechnic's evening classes in the early 1930s. Title: David Belbin Passage: He was born in Sheffield, Yorkshire and has lived in Nottingham since attending the University of Nottingham where he earned a degree in English Literature and American Studies. After university, he taught English and Media Studies in Nottingham before becoming a full-time writer in 1994. Since 2002, he has worked part-time at Nottingham Trent University, where he teaches Creative Writing. Title: Ciril Cvetko Passage: Cvetko was born in Vučja Vas near Ljutomer in northeastern Slovenia in 1920. He studied music at the Ljubljana Academy of Music and graduated in 1948. He also completed graduate studies in Prague and Paris. He worked at Triglav Film, the Slovene National Theatre Opera and Ballet Company, and the Slovenian Philharmonic Orchestra. He died in Ljubljana in 1999. Title: Brooklyn College Passage: Brooklyn College is a public college in Brooklyn, New York City. It is part of the City University of New York. Title: A45 autoroute Passage: The A45 autoroute is a proposed motorway in central France scheduled to open in 2015. Work stopped after initial studies in 1993. It will be controlled by a motorway company as yet unannounced. It will be a toll road. It will replace the A47, known for being obsolete and accident-prone. It will be privately managed in order to profitably be capable of bearing the intense traffic that will be brought to it from the influx of motorists to the A45 who currently drive on the A47. The project is officially dropped in 2018. Title: Benjamin Franklin Bailey Passage: A native of Sheridan, Michigan, Benjamin Franklin Bailey studied electrical engineering at the University of Michigan and later held the positions of chief engineer of the Fairbanks Morse Electrical Manufacturing Company and Howell Electrical Motor Company, director of Bailey Electrical Company, and vice-president and director of the Fremont Motor Corporation. Title: Omer Léger Passage: He was born in Gardner, Massachusetts and studied at St. Joseph's College in Memramcook, New Brunswick. He became an administrator for the Assomption Mutuelle insurance company. Title: Otto Julius Zobel Passage: Otto Julius Zobel (October 20, 1887 – January 1970) was an electrical engineer who worked for the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) in the early part of the 20th century. Zobel's work on filter design was revolutionary and led, in conjunction with the work of John R. Carson, to significant commercial advances for AT&T in the field of frequency division multiplex (FDM) telephone transmissions. Title: Matej Sternen Passage: Sternen was born in Verd, now part of the Carniolan municipality of Vrhnika, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He attended the secondary school in Krško and attended technical school in Graz between 1888 and 1891. After finishing the school in Graz, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna. In 1897 he left Vienna for Munich, where he studied at Anton Ažbe's private art school. He lived and worked in the Bavarian capital until Ažbe's death in 1905. Title: Abu Bakr Atiku Passage: Abu Bakr Atiku dan Shehu was born to the second wife of Usman dan Fodio in 1782. He was involved, as were all his siblings, in studies directed by his father in Degel until the family and some followers were exiled in 1804. Like his brother Muhammed Bello and his sister Nana Asma’u, he dedicated significant part of his early years to study and wrote poetry, history, and on Islamic studies. Many of his works of history and poetry survive and are considered key texts of the era. Title: Vern McGrew Passage: McGrew undertook post-graduate study at the University of Texas and later the University of Texas Law School. He signed up for military service from 1954 to 1956. He did not take part in athletics in his later life and instead used his studies to gain a placement at Humble Oil, at which he spent 30 years of his working life. He retired in the 1980s and lived until the age of 82. He died at Methodist Hospital in Houston. Title: Nicolle Dickson Passage: Nicolle Dickson was born on 29 January 1969 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and grew up in the suburb of Bass Hill with her family. As a child, she was a member of the children's theatre company 'Keane Kids'. Having achieved her Higher School Certificate at the end of 1986, Nicolle enrolled at Sydney College of the Arts in Balmain (later to become part of the University of Sydney) to study a BA degree in Visual Arts, majoring in photography. Title: Louis Delâge Passage: Born Pierre Louis Delâge to a family of modest means in Cognac in the Charente "département" of France, as an infant he lost the sight in one eye. At the age of sixteen, he went to study at a trade school Arts et Métiers ParisTech in the city of Angers, graduating with an engineering degree in 1893. Delage then fulfilled his military obligation and was stationed in Algeria. Discharged in 1895, he found work with a railway company in the south of France but in 1900 moved to Paris. There, he was employed in the engineering and design department of a motor vehicle manufacturing concern until 1903 when he received an offer to join the fledgling Renault automobile company. Title: Roshni Nadar Passage: Roshni Nadar grew up in Delhi, studied in Vasant Valley School and graduated from Northwestern University majoring in Communication with a focus on Radio/TV/Film. She also graduated with a Masters in Business Administration having a focus on Social Enterprise Management and Strategy from the Kellogg School of Management. She worked in various companies as a producer before joining HCL. Within a year of her joining HCL, she was elevated as executive director and CEO of HCL Corporation. Title: RCBC Plaza Passage: The RCBC Plaza was designed by international architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP, in cooperation with local architectural firm W.V. Coscolluela & Associates. The structural design was provided by international engineering company Skilling Ward Magnusson Barkshire in cooperation with local engineering company R.S. Caparros Associates & Company. Project management services was provided by Bovis Lend Lease, while construction management works were provided by Pacific Orient Consultants & Management, Inc. The Main Contractor was ECW Joint Venture consisting of EEI Corporation (Philippines), Concrete Constructions (Australia) and Walter Bau (Germany). The superstructure construction works were self performed by ECW JV. EEI Corporation is also a part of the Yuchengco Group of Companies. Title: Richard Grelling Passage: Richard Grelling was born in Berlin, at that time the capital of Prussia. He studied law but after finishing his studies worked as a writer and dramatist. Title: Michelle Magorian Passage: Michelle Magorian was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, and is of Armenian origin. She lived in Singapore and Australia from age seven to nine. As a child she spent as much time as possible in the King's Theatre in Portsmouth and her ambition was to become an actress. After three years of study at the Rose Bruford College of Speech and Drama, she spent two years at Marcel Marceau's L'école Internationale de Mime in Paris. From there she launched into a professional acting career and spent a few years touring all over the country - from Scotland to Devon and then Yorkshire - working in repertory companies, taking any part she could. Michelle's worst stage part was playing Orinoco in "The Wombles" musical. All this time she had been secretly writing stories. When she was 24 she became interested in children's books, and decided to write one herself.	[ "Zena Tsarfin", "Brooklyn College" ]
2hop__293131_110222	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Brown (birth name unknown) was a Black woman who joined the Royal Navy under a man's name in the early nineteenth century. It is undisputed that she was a sailor of HMS \"Queen Charlotte\", but historians have reached varying conclusions about her service record.", "title": "William Brown (sailor)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Based in the 1820s, the orphan, young Oliver is born in a parish workhouse in an unnamed town. His unmarried mother dies during labour. Old Sally, who was present at the birth, takes from the dying woman a locket and ring. Mr Bumble, the Beadle, names the boy Oliver Twist. Oliver is sent to an orphanage, run by Mrs. Mann, until he is nine years old, when he is returned to the workhouse.", "title": "Oliver Twist (character)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grey parrots are also highly intelligent, having been shown to perform at the cognitive level of a 4 -- to 6 - year - old child in some tasks. New experiments have shown that grey parrots can learn number sequences and can associate human voices with those humans' faces. Most notably, Dr Irene Pepperberg's work with Alex the parrot showed his ability to learn over 100 words, differentiating between objects, colours, materials, and shapes.", "title": "Grey parrot" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Two The Hard Way Tour (also known as Allman and Woman Tour) was a concert tour by American singer-actress Cher and American singer Gregg Allman, designed to promote their joint \"Two the Hard Way\" album. Due to the album's commercial failure, the dates of the tour in the United States were very limited, although there were more dates in Japan, Oceania and Europe.", "title": "Two the Hard Way Tour" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Parrotspitze (in Italian, the Punta Parrot) (4,432 m) is a peak in the Pennine Alps of Italy and Switzerland. It is located south of Dufourspitze in the Monte Rosa Massif. The mountain is named after Johann Jakob Friedrich Wilhelm Parrot, a German doctor, who made an attempt on the Piramide Vincent with Joseph Zumstein in 1816.", "title": "Parrotspitze" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bahamas has an estimated population of 391,232, of which 25.9% are under 14, 67.2% 15 to 64 and 6.9% over 65. It has a population growth rate of 0.925% (2010), with a birth rate of 17.81 / 1,000 population, death rate of 9.35 / 1,000, and net migration rate of − 2.13 migrant (s) / 1,000 population. The infant mortality rate is 23.21 deaths / 1,000 live births. Residents have a life expectancy at birth of 69.87 years: 73.49 years for females, 66.32 years for males. The total fertility rate is 2.0 children born / woman (2010).", "title": "The Bahamas" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Švitrigaila was born to Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife Uliana of Tver. His date of birth is unknown, but it is believed that he was the youngest or second youngest son of Algirdas. He first appeared in politics in October 1382 when he witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa between his elder brother Jogaila and the Teutonic Knights. Historians believe that would indicate that at the time Švitrigaila was no younger than 12 which would put his date of birth sometime before 1370. In a complaint submitted to the Council of Florence, Švitrigaila claimed that he and Jogaila were favorite sons of Algirdas. Before his death in 1377, Algirdas transferred his throne to Jogaila but made him swear to make Švitrigaila his heir. Jogaila's representatives did not outright deny the arrangement and instead claimed that it had been modified by mutual agreement between the brothers.", "title": "Švitrigaila" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son.", "title": "William Shakespeare" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maureen Payne (date of birth unknown, died 1997, South Africa) was a South Africa Test cricketer. She captained the side for their second series, played against New Zealand in 1971–72. She appeared in five Tests for South Africa, claiming eight wickets.", "title": "Maureen Payne" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News.", "title": "Meet the Press" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shirley Abicair was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Some sources show her year of birth as 1935, but a contemporary account shows she was 23 or 24 on arrival in Britain and, as she had completed tertiary studies in Australia, the earlier date seems more likely. She was the only daughter of a Wing Commander in the RAAF.", "title": "Shirley Abicair" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to 2012 Pew Research Center survey if current trends continue, Christianity will remains the world's largest religion by year 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. While Muslims have an average of 3.1 children per woman—the highest rate of all religious groups. Christians are second, with 2.7 children per woman. High birth rates and conversion were cited as the reason for the Christian population growths. A 2015 study found that approximately 10.2 million Muslim converted to Christianity. Christianity is growing in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Muslim world, and Oceania.", "title": "Christian" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Irene Maxine Pepperberg (born April 1, 1949 in Brooklyn, New York) is a scientist noted for her studies in animal cognition, particularly in relation to parrots. She is an adjunct professor of psychology at Brandeis University and a lecturer at Harvard University. Pepperberg also serves on the Advisory Council of METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence). She is well known for her comparative studies into the cognitive fundamentals of language and communication, and was one of the first to work on language learning in animals other than human species (exemplified by the Washoe project), by extension to a bird species. Pepperberg is also active in wildlife conservation, especially in relation to parrots.", "title": "Irene Pepperberg" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Parrots International was founded in 2005 as a non-profit organization dedicated to parrots conservation, field research and companion parrot welfare and from that day this organization is working for saving the endangered species of parrots.", "title": "Parrots International" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress.", "title": "Clara Morris" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (; 10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877) was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work.", "title": "Gustave Courbet" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Philippe Parrot (born 13 May 1831 in Excideuil, died 1894) was a French painter. A street in Périgueux is named after him.", "title": "Philippe Parrot" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Young Woman in a Black Dress is an oil painting by Titian, dating to around 1520 and now held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It was later misattributed to Palma il Vecchio, then to Giovanni Cariani, until Roberto Longhi reattributed it as by Titian, which is now the critical consensus.", "title": "Young Woman in a Black Dress" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The pageant was won by Terri Utley of Arkansas, who was crowned by outgoing titleholder Kim Seelbrede of Ohio. Utley was the first – and to date only – woman from Arkansas to win the Miss USA title, and went on to place as 4th runner-up at Miss Universe 1982.", "title": "Miss USA 1982" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "La Femme au perroquet (\"Woman with a Parrot\") is an oil painting on canvas by French artist Gustave Courbet. It was the first nude by the artist to be accepted by the Paris Salon in 1866 after a previous entry in 1864 was rejected as indecent. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York city.", "title": "Woman with a Parrot" } ]	What is the date of birth of the 'Woman with a Parrot' creator?	10 June 1819	[]	Title: The Bahamas Passage: The Bahamas has an estimated population of 391,232, of which 25.9% are under 14, 67.2% 15 to 64 and 6.9% over 65. It has a population growth rate of 0.925% (2010), with a birth rate of 17.81 / 1,000 population, death rate of 9.35 / 1,000, and net migration rate of − 2.13 migrant (s) / 1,000 population. The infant mortality rate is 23.21 deaths / 1,000 live births. Residents have a life expectancy at birth of 69.87 years: 73.49 years for females, 66.32 years for males. The total fertility rate is 2.0 children born / woman (2010). Title: Gustave Courbet Passage: Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet (; 10 June 1819 – 31 December 1877) was a French painter who led the Realism movement in 19th-century French painting. Committed to painting only what he could see, he rejected academic convention and the Romanticism of the previous generation of visual artists. His independence set an example that was important to later artists, such as the Impressionists and the Cubists. Courbet occupies an important place in 19th-century French painting as an innovator and as an artist willing to make bold social statements through his work. Title: Švitrigaila Passage: Švitrigaila was born to Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife Uliana of Tver. His date of birth is unknown, but it is believed that he was the youngest or second youngest son of Algirdas. He first appeared in politics in October 1382 when he witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa between his elder brother Jogaila and the Teutonic Knights. Historians believe that would indicate that at the time Švitrigaila was no younger than 12 which would put his date of birth sometime before 1370. In a complaint submitted to the Council of Florence, Švitrigaila claimed that he and Jogaila were favorite sons of Algirdas. Before his death in 1377, Algirdas transferred his throne to Jogaila but made him swear to make Švitrigaila his heir. Jogaila's representatives did not outright deny the arrangement and instead claimed that it had been modified by mutual agreement between the brothers. Title: Miss USA 1982 Passage: The pageant was won by Terri Utley of Arkansas, who was crowned by outgoing titleholder Kim Seelbrede of Ohio. Utley was the first – and to date only – woman from Arkansas to win the Miss USA title, and went on to place as 4th runner-up at Miss Universe 1982. Title: Philippe Parrot Passage: Philippe Parrot (born 13 May 1831 in Excideuil, died 1894) was a French painter. A street in Périgueux is named after him. Title: Christian Passage: According to 2012 Pew Research Center survey if current trends continue, Christianity will remains the world's largest religion by year 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. While Muslims have an average of 3.1 children per woman—the highest rate of all religious groups. Christians are second, with 2.7 children per woman. High birth rates and conversion were cited as the reason for the Christian population growths. A 2015 study found that approximately 10.2 million Muslim converted to Christianity. Christianity is growing in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Muslim world, and Oceania. Title: Irene Pepperberg Passage: Irene Maxine Pepperberg (born April 1, 1949 in Brooklyn, New York) is a scientist noted for her studies in animal cognition, particularly in relation to parrots. She is an adjunct professor of psychology at Brandeis University and a lecturer at Harvard University. Pepperberg also serves on the Advisory Council of METI (Messaging Extraterrestrial Intelligence). She is well known for her comparative studies into the cognitive fundamentals of language and communication, and was one of the first to work on language learning in animals other than human species (exemplified by the Washoe project), by extension to a bird species. Pepperberg is also active in wildlife conservation, especially in relation to parrots. Title: Clara Morris Passage: Clara Morris (March 17, 1849 – November 20, 1925) (her birth date is sometimes given as 1846/48) was an American actress. Title: Two the Hard Way Tour Passage: The Two The Hard Way Tour (also known as Allman and Woman Tour) was a concert tour by American singer-actress Cher and American singer Gregg Allman, designed to promote their joint "Two the Hard Way" album. Due to the album's commercial failure, the dates of the tour in the United States were very limited, although there were more dates in Japan, Oceania and Europe. Title: Maureen Payne Passage: Maureen Payne (date of birth unknown, died 1997, South Africa) was a South Africa Test cricketer. She captained the side for their second series, played against New Zealand in 1971–72. She appeared in five Tests for South Africa, claiming eight wickets. Title: Meet the Press Passage: The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News. Title: Parrotspitze Passage: The Parrotspitze (in Italian, the Punta Parrot) (4,432 m) is a peak in the Pennine Alps of Italy and Switzerland. It is located south of Dufourspitze in the Monte Rosa Massif. The mountain is named after Johann Jakob Friedrich Wilhelm Parrot, a German doctor, who made an attempt on the Piramide Vincent with Joseph Zumstein in 1816. Title: Young Woman in a Black Dress Passage: The Young Woman in a Black Dress is an oil painting by Titian, dating to around 1520 and now held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. It was later misattributed to Palma il Vecchio, then to Giovanni Cariani, until Roberto Longhi reattributed it as by Titian, which is now the critical consensus. Title: Woman with a Parrot Passage: La Femme au perroquet ("Woman with a Parrot") is an oil painting on canvas by French artist Gustave Courbet. It was the first nude by the artist to be accepted by the Paris Salon in 1866 after a previous entry in 1864 was rejected as indecent. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York city. Title: Grey parrot Passage: Grey parrots are also highly intelligent, having been shown to perform at the cognitive level of a 4 -- to 6 - year - old child in some tasks. New experiments have shown that grey parrots can learn number sequences and can associate human voices with those humans' faces. Most notably, Dr Irene Pepperberg's work with Alex the parrot showed his ability to learn over 100 words, differentiating between objects, colours, materials, and shapes. Title: William Brown (sailor) Passage: William Brown (birth name unknown) was a Black woman who joined the Royal Navy under a man's name in the early nineteenth century. It is undisputed that she was a sailor of HMS "Queen Charlotte", but historians have reached varying conclusions about her service record. Title: Shirley Abicair Passage: Shirley Abicair was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Some sources show her year of birth as 1935, but a contemporary account shows she was 23 or 24 on arrival in Britain and, as she had completed tertiary studies in Australia, the earlier date seems more likely. She was the only daughter of a Wing Commander in the RAAF. Title: Oliver Twist (character) Passage: Based in the 1820s, the orphan, young Oliver is born in a parish workhouse in an unnamed town. His unmarried mother dies during labour. Old Sally, who was present at the birth, takes from the dying woman a locket and ring. Mr Bumble, the Beadle, names the boy Oliver Twist. Oliver is sent to an orphanage, run by Mrs. Mann, until he is nine years old, when he is returned to the workhouse. Title: William Shakespeare Passage: William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son. Title: Parrots International Passage: Parrots International was founded in 2005 as a non-profit organization dedicated to parrots conservation, field research and companion parrot welfare and from that day this organization is working for saving the endangered species of parrots.	[ "Gustave Courbet", "Woman with a Parrot" ]
2hop__108336_772156	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Lorenzo Costa the Elder, dating to about 1505-1506. It is displayed in the Louvre Museum of Paris, France.", "title": "Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Marsuppini Coronation is a painting of the Coronation of the Virgin by the Italian Renaissance painter Filippo Lippi, dating to after 1444. It is in the Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome.", "title": "Marsuppini Coronation" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John I, Count of Foix also known as \"Jean de Foix-Grailly\" (1382 – 4 May 1436) was Count of Foix from 1428 until his death in 1436. He succeeded his mother Isabella, Countess of Foix. His father was Archambaud de Grailly.", "title": "John I, Count of Foix" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The character of John's relationship with his second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, is unclear. John married Isabella whilst she was relatively young – her exact date of birth is uncertain, and estimates place her between at most 15 and more probably towards nine years old at the time of her marriage.[nb 15] Even by the standards of the time, Isabella was married whilst very young. John did not provide a great deal of money for his wife's household and did not pass on much of the revenue from her lands, to the extent that historian Nicholas Vincent has described him as being \"downright mean\" towards Isabella. Vincent concluded that the marriage was not a particularly \"amicable\" one. Other aspects of their marriage suggest a closer, more positive relationship. Chroniclers recorded that John had a \"mad infatuation\" with Isabella, and certainly John had conjugal relationships with Isabella between at least 1207 and 1215; they had five children. In contrast to Vincent, historian William Chester Jordan concludes that the pair were a \"companionable couple\" who had a successful marriage by the standards of the day.", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Napoleon's coronation took place on December 2, 1804. Two separate crowns were brought for the ceremony: a golden laurel wreath recalling the Roman Empire and a replica of Charlemagne's crown. Napoleon entered the ceremony wearing the laurel wreath and kept it on his head throughout the proceedings. For the official coronation, he raised the Charlemagne crown over his own head in a symbolic gesture, but never placed it on top because he was already wearing the golden wreath. Instead he placed the crown on Josephine's head, the event commemorated in the officially sanctioned painting by Jacques-Louis David. Napoleon was also crowned King of Italy, with the Iron Crown of Lombardy, at the Cathedral of Milan on May 26, 1805. He created eighteen Marshals of the Empire from amongst his top generals to secure the allegiance of the army.", "title": "Napoleon" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The frontal plane or coronal plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front, or posterior and anterior) portions. For post-embryonic humans a coronal plane is vertical and a transverse plane is horizontal, but for embryos and quadrupeds a coronal plane is horizontal and a transverse plane is vertical. A longitudinal plane is any plane perpendicular to the transverse plane. The coronal plane and the sagittal plane are examples of longitudinal planes.", "title": "Anatomical terms of location" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]", "title": "Westminster Abbey" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death Unexplained is a British documentary series about the investigation of deaths in West London. It was shown on BBC One in February 2012 and follows coroner Alison Thompson, pathologists and other staff who deal with over 4,000 cases per year. The team works in co-operation with her to determine the cause of initially unexplained deaths which occur in her jurisdiction. Each episode is 40 minutes long.", "title": "Death Unexplained" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Allegory of Industry is a tondo painted by Francisco de Goya (c. 1805) which was one of the four paintings from a series of allegories about scientific and economic progress (including the Allegory of Agriculture, Commerce, and Science, the latter of which has been lost), which decorated a waiting room of the residence of Manuel Godoy, Prime Minister of Spain during the reign of Charles IV. Since 1932, the picture has been in the Museo del Prado.", "title": "Allegory of Industry" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Isabella of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon or \"Isabella of France\" (1313 – 26 July 1383), was a Petit Fille of France, and a daughter of Charles of Valois by his third wife Mahaut of Châtillon. She was the wife of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon.", "title": "Isabella of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nick Fradiani won the season, defeating Clark Beckham. By winning, Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region. Fradiani released \"Beautiful Life\" as his coronation single while Beckham released \"Champion\". Jax, the third place finalist, also released a single called \"Forcefield\".", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The new peace would only last for two years; war recommenced in the aftermath of John's decision in August 1200 to marry Isabella of Angoulême. In order to remarry, John first needed to abandon Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, his first wife; John accomplished this by arguing that he had failed to get the necessary papal permission to marry Isabel in the first place – as a cousin, John could not have legally wed her without this. It remains unclear why John chose to marry Isabella of Angoulême. Contemporary chroniclers argued that John had fallen deeply in love with Isabella, and John may have been motivated by desire for an apparently beautiful, if rather young, girl. On the other hand, the Angoumois lands that came with Isabella were strategically vital to John: by marrying Isabella, John was acquiring a key land route between Poitou and Gascony, which significantly strengthened his grip on Aquitaine.[nb 5]", "title": "John, King of England" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In December 2010, the death of Michael Faherty in County Galway, Ireland, was recorded as ``spontaneous combustion ''by the coroner. The doctor, Ciaran McLoughlin, made this statement at the inquiry into the death:`` This fire was thoroughly investigated and I'm left with the conclusion that this fits into the category of spontaneous human combustion, for which there is no adequate explanation.''", "title": "Spontaneous human combustion" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Despite the death of Queen Mary on 24 March, the coronation on 2 June 1953 went ahead as planned, as Mary had asked before she died. The ceremony in Westminster Abbey, with the exception of the anointing and communion, was televised for the first time.[d] Elizabeth's coronation gown was embroidered on her instructions with the floral emblems of Commonwealth countries: English Tudor rose; Scots thistle; Welsh leek; Irish shamrock; Australian wattle; Canadian maple leaf; New Zealand silver fern; South African protea; lotus flowers for India and Ceylon; and Pakistan's wheat, cotton, and jute.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Paris Psalter of St. Louis (Bibliothèque nationale de France MS Latin 10525) was made for Louis sometime between the death of his mother Blanche of Castile in 1253 and his death in 1270. Done in the elaborate Rayonnant style and richly gilded, the manuscript contains 78 miniatures of Old Testament scenes starting at the story of Cain and Abel and ending with the coronation of Saul, a calendar of feast days, prayers and the 150 psalms. The psalter is in excellent condition and considered a relic of Louis IX, who was canonized in 1297.", "title": "Psalter of Saint Louis" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matthews Island is the largest of the Robertson Islands in the South Orkney Islands off Antarctica. It lies immediately south-east of Coronation Island, from which it is separated by a narrow channel known as the Divide. Matthews Island was mapped as part of Coronation Island until January 1957 when a Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) party established its insularity. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Drummond H. Matthews, a FIDS geologist at Signy Island in 1956.", "title": "Matthews Island" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lorenzo Costa the Younger (1537–1583) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active in his native city of Mantua.", "title": "Lorenzo Costa the Younger" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Weldon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kern County, California, United States. It sits at the southeast tip of Lake Isabella. Weldon is located east-southeast of Wofford Heights, at an elevation of . The population was 2,642 at the 2010 census, up from 2,387 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Weldon, California" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Holy Allegory is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Giovanni Bellini, dating from c. 1490 to 1500. It is in the Uffizi gallery in Florence, Italy.", "title": "Holy Allegory" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taddeo d'Este died suddenly while attempting to take Mozzanica on 21 June 1448. His state funeral was held in Brescia.", "title": "Taddeo d'Este" } ]	Where did the creator of the Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation die?	Mantua	[]	Title: Westminster Abbey Passage: Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed] Title: Allegory of Industry Passage: Allegory of Industry is a tondo painted by Francisco de Goya (c. 1805) which was one of the four paintings from a series of allegories about scientific and economic progress (including the Allegory of Agriculture, Commerce, and Science, the latter of which has been lost), which decorated a waiting room of the residence of Manuel Godoy, Prime Minister of Spain during the reign of Charles IV. Since 1932, the picture has been in the Museo del Prado. Title: Elizabeth II Passage: Despite the death of Queen Mary on 24 March, the coronation on 2 June 1953 went ahead as planned, as Mary had asked before she died. The ceremony in Westminster Abbey, with the exception of the anointing and communion, was televised for the first time.[d] Elizabeth's coronation gown was embroidered on her instructions with the floral emblems of Commonwealth countries: English Tudor rose; Scots thistle; Welsh leek; Irish shamrock; Australian wattle; Canadian maple leaf; New Zealand silver fern; South African protea; lotus flowers for India and Ceylon; and Pakistan's wheat, cotton, and jute. Title: Death Unexplained Passage: Death Unexplained is a British documentary series about the investigation of deaths in West London. It was shown on BBC One in February 2012 and follows coroner Alison Thompson, pathologists and other staff who deal with over 4,000 cases per year. The team works in co-operation with her to determine the cause of initially unexplained deaths which occur in her jurisdiction. Each episode is 40 minutes long. Title: Psalter of Saint Louis Passage: The Paris Psalter of St. Louis (Bibliothèque nationale de France MS Latin 10525) was made for Louis sometime between the death of his mother Blanche of Castile in 1253 and his death in 1270. Done in the elaborate Rayonnant style and richly gilded, the manuscript contains 78 miniatures of Old Testament scenes starting at the story of Cain and Abel and ending with the coronation of Saul, a calendar of feast days, prayers and the 150 psalms. The psalter is in excellent condition and considered a relic of Louis IX, who was canonized in 1297. Title: John, King of England Passage: The new peace would only last for two years; war recommenced in the aftermath of John's decision in August 1200 to marry Isabella of Angoulême. In order to remarry, John first needed to abandon Isabel, Countess of Gloucester, his first wife; John accomplished this by arguing that he had failed to get the necessary papal permission to marry Isabel in the first place – as a cousin, John could not have legally wed her without this. It remains unclear why John chose to marry Isabella of Angoulême. Contemporary chroniclers argued that John had fallen deeply in love with Isabella, and John may have been motivated by desire for an apparently beautiful, if rather young, girl. On the other hand, the Angoumois lands that came with Isabella were strategically vital to John: by marrying Isabella, John was acquiring a key land route between Poitou and Gascony, which significantly strengthened his grip on Aquitaine.[nb 5] Title: Holy Allegory Passage: The Holy Allegory is a painting by the Italian Renaissance master Giovanni Bellini, dating from c. 1490 to 1500. It is in the Uffizi gallery in Florence, Italy. Title: John I, Count of Foix Passage: John I, Count of Foix also known as "Jean de Foix-Grailly" (1382 – 4 May 1436) was Count of Foix from 1428 until his death in 1436. He succeeded his mother Isabella, Countess of Foix. His father was Archambaud de Grailly. Title: Weldon, California Passage: Weldon is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kern County, California, United States. It sits at the southeast tip of Lake Isabella. Weldon is located east-southeast of Wofford Heights, at an elevation of . The population was 2,642 at the 2010 census, up from 2,387 at the 2000 census. Title: American Idol Passage: Nick Fradiani won the season, defeating Clark Beckham. By winning, Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region. Fradiani released "Beautiful Life" as his coronation single while Beckham released "Champion". Jax, the third place finalist, also released a single called "Forcefield". Title: Isabella of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon Passage: Isabella of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon or "Isabella of France" (1313 – 26 July 1383), was a Petit Fille of France, and a daughter of Charles of Valois by his third wife Mahaut of Châtillon. She was the wife of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon. Title: Taddeo d'Este Passage: Taddeo d'Este died suddenly while attempting to take Mozzanica on 21 June 1448. His state funeral was held in Brescia. Title: Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation Passage: The Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation is a painting by the Italian Renaissance painter Lorenzo Costa the Elder, dating to about 1505-1506. It is displayed in the Louvre Museum of Paris, France. Title: Marsuppini Coronation Passage: The Marsuppini Coronation is a painting of the Coronation of the Virgin by the Italian Renaissance painter Filippo Lippi, dating to after 1444. It is in the Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome. Title: Napoleon Passage: Napoleon's coronation took place on December 2, 1804. Two separate crowns were brought for the ceremony: a golden laurel wreath recalling the Roman Empire and a replica of Charlemagne's crown. Napoleon entered the ceremony wearing the laurel wreath and kept it on his head throughout the proceedings. For the official coronation, he raised the Charlemagne crown over his own head in a symbolic gesture, but never placed it on top because he was already wearing the golden wreath. Instead he placed the crown on Josephine's head, the event commemorated in the officially sanctioned painting by Jacques-Louis David. Napoleon was also crowned King of Italy, with the Iron Crown of Lombardy, at the Cathedral of Milan on May 26, 1805. He created eighteen Marshals of the Empire from amongst his top generals to secure the allegiance of the army. Title: Lorenzo Costa the Younger Passage: Lorenzo Costa the Younger (1537–1583) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, active in his native city of Mantua. Title: Anatomical terms of location Passage: The frontal plane or coronal plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front, or posterior and anterior) portions. For post-embryonic humans a coronal plane is vertical and a transverse plane is horizontal, but for embryos and quadrupeds a coronal plane is horizontal and a transverse plane is vertical. A longitudinal plane is any plane perpendicular to the transverse plane. The coronal plane and the sagittal plane are examples of longitudinal planes. Title: John, King of England Passage: The character of John's relationship with his second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, is unclear. John married Isabella whilst she was relatively young – her exact date of birth is uncertain, and estimates place her between at most 15 and more probably towards nine years old at the time of her marriage.[nb 15] Even by the standards of the time, Isabella was married whilst very young. John did not provide a great deal of money for his wife's household and did not pass on much of the revenue from her lands, to the extent that historian Nicholas Vincent has described him as being "downright mean" towards Isabella. Vincent concluded that the marriage was not a particularly "amicable" one. Other aspects of their marriage suggest a closer, more positive relationship. Chroniclers recorded that John had a "mad infatuation" with Isabella, and certainly John had conjugal relationships with Isabella between at least 1207 and 1215; they had five children. In contrast to Vincent, historian William Chester Jordan concludes that the pair were a "companionable couple" who had a successful marriage by the standards of the day. Title: Matthews Island Passage: Matthews Island is the largest of the Robertson Islands in the South Orkney Islands off Antarctica. It lies immediately south-east of Coronation Island, from which it is separated by a narrow channel known as the Divide. Matthews Island was mapped as part of Coronation Island until January 1957 when a Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) party established its insularity. It was named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 for Drummond H. Matthews, a FIDS geologist at Signy Island in 1956. Title: Spontaneous human combustion Passage: In December 2010, the death of Michael Faherty in County Galway, Ireland, was recorded as ``spontaneous combustion ''by the coroner. The doctor, Ciaran McLoughlin, made this statement at the inquiry into the death:`` This fire was thoroughly investigated and I'm left with the conclusion that this fits into the category of spontaneous human combustion, for which there is no adequate explanation.''	[ "Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation", "Lorenzo Costa the Younger" ]
2hop__75207_46837	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On February 5, 2014, it was announced that \"The Michael J. Fox Show\" would not return after the 2014 Winter Olympics as planned. A representative for NBC later stated the show \"it's not cancelled. We are looking for a place on the schedule after April 3.\" Despite this, the remaining episodes never aired in the U.S. and, on May 10, 2014, NBC officially canceled the show after one season.", "title": "The Michael J. Fox Show" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mike & Molly is an American sitcom created by Mark Roberts which aired on CBS from September 20, 2010 to May 16, 2016, for a total of six seasons and 127 episodes. The series stars Billy Gardell and Melissa McCarthy as the eponymous Mike and Molly, a couple who meet in a Chicago Overeaters Anonymous group and fall in love.", "title": "Mike & Molly" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Only Human is a 2010 Irish experimental film directed by Rouzbeh Rashidi that tells the visual story of five couples. A tale of people unfolds under the night sky. These doomed couples and lost individuals begin journeys and attempt to find resolution in their lives. As the stories progress, they become neatly woven into a minimalistic portrayal of modern life.", "title": "Only Human (2010 film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Set in contemporary New York City, \"Shortbus\" revolves around Sofia Lin (Sook-Yin Lee), who is married to the handsome but unambitious and slightly dim-witted Rob (Raphael Barker). She works as a couples counselor/sex therapist. She comes into contact with a couple: A slightly egotistical former child star Jamie (PJ DeBoy) and former prostitute James (Paul Dawson), the film's other lead character. At the outset, James suggests to his boyfriend that they open up their relationship to sex with others. During their first consultation, Sofia snaps, slaps Jamie, and then apologetically reveals her \"pre-orgasmic\" status. The couple suggests she attend a weekly social/artistic/sexual salon in Brooklyn called \"Shortbus,\" which is hosted by drag artist Justin Bond (playing himself). Sofia slowly opens up to new experiences; this includes a friendship with a dominatrix who goes by the name Severin (Lindsay Beamish). Sofia's inability to achieve orgasm begins to cause conflict with Rob, who in turn begins attending Shortbus with Sofia.", "title": "Shortbus" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Day of the World's Indigenous People's is observed on 9 August each year to promote and protect the rights of the world's indigenous population. This event also recognizes the achievements and contributions that indigenous people make to improve world issues such as environmental protection. It was first pronounced by the General Assembly of the United Nations in December 1994, marking the day of the first meeting of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations of the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, in 1982.", "title": "International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Applications for the fourteenth season of the series opened in August 2017 until 10 September 2017, looking for couples couples aged between 18 and 65 years old being sought by casting agents. Filming for the season was originally slated to occur between January 2018 and April 2018, but will begin filming on 8 February 2018. In October 2017, the fourteenth season and location of The Block were officially confirmed at Nine's upfronts. In June 2018, Network Nine announced the teams for the fourteenth season of The Block. In July 2018, Network Nine announced the premiere date of Season 14 as Sunday, August 5th at 7pm.", "title": "The Block (Australian TV series)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mismatched Couples (aka Love Meets the Match) is a 1985 Hong Kong action romantic comedy film directed by Yuen Woo-ping and starring himself alongside Donnie Yen.", "title": "Mismatched Couples" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The climate of Chile comprises a wide range of weather conditions across a large geographic scale, extending across 38 degrees in latitude, making generalizations difficult. According to the Köppen system, Chile within its borders hosts at least seven major climatic subtypes, ranging from low desert in the north, to alpine tundra and glaciers in the east and southeast, humid subtropical in Easter Island, Oceanic in the south and Mediterranean climate in central Chile. There are four seasons in most of the country: summer (December to February), autumn (March to May), winter (June to August), and spring (September to November).", "title": "Climate of Chile" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slumgullion Pass (elevation ) is a mountain pass in southwestern Colorado traversed by State Highway 149 east of Lake City. The north side has the steepest grade of any continuously paved road in Colorado (9%), but the pass does not close often in winter because snowplows clear the route regularly during this season. It has a few switchbacks and tight spots, but other than that, most travelers will find it an easy, scenic route.", "title": "Slumgullion Pass" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Smallville, Lois comes to town to investigate the apparent death of her cousin Chloe Sullivan at the start of the fourth season. After finding Chloe still alive, Lois is forced to enroll in Smallville High to complete the remaining credits of high school she failed to achieve. As the series progresses, her interest in journalism grows, first writing a couple of articles for the Smallville High Torch in season four, landing a job at the Inquisitor in season six, and finally being hired at the Daily Planet in season seven. Throughout seasons four, five, six and seven, Lois's relationship with Clark Kent is depicted more as a brother / sister relationship, with the two characters often butting heads. By season eight, Lois begins to realize that she is falling in love with Clark, and by season nine the two become an official couple. During season ten the relationship goes through several milestones and midseason the pair get engaged.", "title": "Lois Lane (Smallville)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meteorological Reckoning is the method of measuring the winter season used by meteorologists based on ``sensible weather patterns ''for record keeping purposes, so the start of meteorological winter varies with latitude. Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. This corresponds to the months of December, January and February in the Northern Hemisphere, and June, July and August in the Southern Hemisphere. The coldest average temperatures of the season are typically experienced in January or February in the Northern Hemisphere and in June, July or August in the Southern Hemisphere. Nighttime predominates in the winter season, and in some regions winter has the highest rate of precipitation as well as prolonged dampness because of permanent snow cover or high precipitation rates coupled with low temperatures, precluding evaporation. Blizzards often develop and cause many transportation delays. Diamond dust, also known as ice needles or ice crystals, forms at temperatures approaching − 40 ° F (− 40 ° C) due to air with slightly higher moisture from aloft mixing with colder, surface based air. They are made of simple ice crystals that are hexagonal in shape. The Swedish meteorological institute (SMHI) define winter as when the daily mean temperatures go below 0 ° C (32 ° F) for five consecutive days. According to the SMHI, winter in Scandinavia is more pronounced when Atlantic low -- pressure systems take more southerly and northerly routes, leaving the path open for high -- pressure systems to come in and cold temperatures to occur. As a result, the coldest January on record in 1987 was also the sunniest in Stockholm.", "title": "Winter" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Construction is currently underway on the Miami Intermodal Center and Miami Central Station, a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Completion of the Miami Intermodal Center is expected to be completed by winter 2011, and will serve over 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area. Phase I of Miami Central Station is scheduled to begin service in the spring of 2012, and Phase II in 2013.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the fourth season, Stan is jailed for tax evasion and tells Karen to date other men. She can not bring herself to do so until she meets rich bachelor Lionel Banks (Rip Torn), but just as their affair begins, Stan is released from jail. However, after Karen catches Stan with his mistress Lorraine Finster (Minnie Driver) -- a cafeteria worker at the prison -- the couple separate, and Karen moves into the Palace hotel. After beginning divorce proceedings at the end of the fifth season, Stan dies suddenly. Despite cruelly mocking him for years, Karen is genuinely saddened by his death.", "title": "Karen Walker (Will & Grace)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Biggest Loser: Couples is the fifth season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\". The fifth season premiered on January 1, 2008 with ten overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000. This season featured Alison Sweeney as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels; all three returning from season four.", "title": "The Biggest Loser (season 5)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Meet the Barkers was a reality television series which aired on MTV. The series followed the everyday life of married couple, blink-182 drummer Travis Barker and his wife Shanna Moakler, as well as Moakler and Barker's two children, Alabama Luella Barker and Landon Asher Barker. Moakler and Oscar De La Hoya's daughter, Atiana Cecelia De La Hoya, also appeared on the show. \"Meet the Barkers\" lasted two seasons, airing 16 episodes.", "title": "Meet the Barkers" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Helen Douglass French (1900–1994) was an American architect. She worked together and independently with her husband, landscape architect Prentiss French. Helen French was born Helen Douglass in Arlington, Massachusetts in 1900. She earned her graduate degree in architecture at the Cambridge School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Massachusetts in 1921. After school, she worked at various firms in Boston and eventually traveled to Europe, where she studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, returning to the United States in 1927. That year, she married Prentiss French and the couple operated a private practice in Boston and Stockbridge, Massachusetts until 1932 when they relocated to Sarasota, Florida. They worked with architect Clarence Martin for ten years while in Sarasota. The couple then moved to San Francisco when Prentiss was employed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during World War II. There, French received her California certification in 1946. The couple worked in the same office in San Francisco until the 1960s, working together and independently on projects throughout Northern California.", "title": "Helen French (architect)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During their expedition, Guevara and Granado encounter the poverty of the indigenous peasants, and the movie assumes a greater seriousness once the men gain a better sense of the disparity between the ``haves ''(to which they belong) and the obviously exploited`` have - nots'' (who make up the majority of those they encounter) by traveling on foot. In Chile, for instance, they encounter a penniless and persecuted couple forced onto the road because of their communist beliefs. In a fire - lit scene, Guevara and Granado ashamedly admit to the couple that they are not out looking for work as well. The duo then accompanies the couple to the Chuquicamata copper mine, where Guevara becomes angry at the treatment of the workers.", "title": "The Motorcycle Diaries (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Winter Hill air disaster occurred on 27 February 1958 when the Silver City Airways Bristol 170 Freighter \"G-AICS\", traveling from the Isle of Man to Manchester, England, crashed into Winter Hill (also known as Rivington Moor) several hundred yards away from the Independent Television Authority's Winter Hill transmitting station.", "title": "Winter Hill air disaster" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Large numbers of Bolivian highland peasants retained indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of \"empowered caciques\" to further communal organization. Indigenous revolts took place frequently until 1953. While the National Revolutionary Movement government begun in 1952 discouraged self-identification as indigenous (reclassifying rural people as campesinos, or peasants), renewed ethnic and class militancy re-emerged in the Katarista movement beginning in the 1970s. Lowland indigenous peoples, mostly in the east, entered national politics through the 1990 March for Territory and Dignity organized by the CIDOB confederation. That march successfully pressured the national government to sign the ILO Convention 169 and to begin the still-ongoing process of recognizing and titling indigenous territories. The 1994 Law of Popular Participation granted \"grassroots territorial organizations\" that are recognized by the state certain rights to govern local areas.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The sixth season of Married at First Sight was renewed on the Lifetime channel. The first of the episodes aired on January 2, 2018 and featured couples in Boston. The couples were:", "title": "Married at First Sight (American TV series)" } ]	When does the winter season begin in the place where fuser and alberto meet the indigenous couple who were traveling for work?	June	[ "Jun" ]	Title: International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples Passage: The International Day of the World's Indigenous People's is observed on 9 August each year to promote and protect the rights of the world's indigenous population. This event also recognizes the achievements and contributions that indigenous people make to improve world issues such as environmental protection. It was first pronounced by the General Assembly of the United Nations in December 1994, marking the day of the first meeting of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations of the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, in 1982. Title: Winter Hill air disaster Passage: The Winter Hill air disaster occurred on 27 February 1958 when the Silver City Airways Bristol 170 Freighter "G-AICS", traveling from the Isle of Man to Manchester, England, crashed into Winter Hill (also known as Rivington Moor) several hundred yards away from the Independent Television Authority's Winter Hill transmitting station. Title: The Block (Australian TV series) Passage: Applications for the fourteenth season of the series opened in August 2017 until 10 September 2017, looking for couples couples aged between 18 and 65 years old being sought by casting agents. Filming for the season was originally slated to occur between January 2018 and April 2018, but will begin filming on 8 February 2018. In October 2017, the fourteenth season and location of The Block were officially confirmed at Nine's upfronts. In June 2018, Network Nine announced the teams for the fourteenth season of The Block. In July 2018, Network Nine announced the premiere date of Season 14 as Sunday, August 5th at 7pm. Title: Shortbus Passage: Set in contemporary New York City, "Shortbus" revolves around Sofia Lin (Sook-Yin Lee), who is married to the handsome but unambitious and slightly dim-witted Rob (Raphael Barker). She works as a couples counselor/sex therapist. She comes into contact with a couple: A slightly egotistical former child star Jamie (PJ DeBoy) and former prostitute James (Paul Dawson), the film's other lead character. At the outset, James suggests to his boyfriend that they open up their relationship to sex with others. During their first consultation, Sofia snaps, slaps Jamie, and then apologetically reveals her "pre-orgasmic" status. The couple suggests she attend a weekly social/artistic/sexual salon in Brooklyn called "Shortbus," which is hosted by drag artist Justin Bond (playing himself). Sofia slowly opens up to new experiences; this includes a friendship with a dominatrix who goes by the name Severin (Lindsay Beamish). Sofia's inability to achieve orgasm begins to cause conflict with Rob, who in turn begins attending Shortbus with Sofia. Title: Married at First Sight (American TV series) Passage: The sixth season of Married at First Sight was renewed on the Lifetime channel. The first of the episodes aired on January 2, 2018 and featured couples in Boston. The couples were: Title: Winter Passage: Meteorological Reckoning is the method of measuring the winter season used by meteorologists based on ``sensible weather patterns ''for record keeping purposes, so the start of meteorological winter varies with latitude. Winter is often defined by meteorologists to be the three calendar months with the lowest average temperatures. This corresponds to the months of December, January and February in the Northern Hemisphere, and June, July and August in the Southern Hemisphere. The coldest average temperatures of the season are typically experienced in January or February in the Northern Hemisphere and in June, July or August in the Southern Hemisphere. Nighttime predominates in the winter season, and in some regions winter has the highest rate of precipitation as well as prolonged dampness because of permanent snow cover or high precipitation rates coupled with low temperatures, precluding evaporation. Blizzards often develop and cause many transportation delays. Diamond dust, also known as ice needles or ice crystals, forms at temperatures approaching − 40 ° F (− 40 ° C) due to air with slightly higher moisture from aloft mixing with colder, surface based air. They are made of simple ice crystals that are hexagonal in shape. The Swedish meteorological institute (SMHI) define winter as when the daily mean temperatures go below 0 ° C (32 ° F) for five consecutive days. According to the SMHI, winter in Scandinavia is more pronounced when Atlantic low -- pressure systems take more southerly and northerly routes, leaving the path open for high -- pressure systems to come in and cold temperatures to occur. As a result, the coldest January on record in 1987 was also the sunniest in Stockholm. Title: Karen Walker (Will & Grace) Passage: In the fourth season, Stan is jailed for tax evasion and tells Karen to date other men. She can not bring herself to do so until she meets rich bachelor Lionel Banks (Rip Torn), but just as their affair begins, Stan is released from jail. However, after Karen catches Stan with his mistress Lorraine Finster (Minnie Driver) -- a cafeteria worker at the prison -- the couple separate, and Karen moves into the Palace hotel. After beginning divorce proceedings at the end of the fifth season, Stan dies suddenly. Despite cruelly mocking him for years, Karen is genuinely saddened by his death. Title: The Biggest Loser (season 5) Passage: The Biggest Loser: Couples is the fifth season of the NBC reality television series "The Biggest Loser". The fifth season premiered on January 1, 2008 with ten overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000. This season featured Alison Sweeney as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels; all three returning from season four. Title: Helen French (architect) Passage: Helen Douglass French (1900–1994) was an American architect. She worked together and independently with her husband, landscape architect Prentiss French. Helen French was born Helen Douglass in Arlington, Massachusetts in 1900. She earned her graduate degree in architecture at the Cambridge School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Massachusetts in 1921. After school, she worked at various firms in Boston and eventually traveled to Europe, where she studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, returning to the United States in 1927. That year, she married Prentiss French and the couple operated a private practice in Boston and Stockbridge, Massachusetts until 1932 when they relocated to Sarasota, Florida. They worked with architect Clarence Martin for ten years while in Sarasota. The couple then moved to San Francisco when Prentiss was employed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during World War II. There, French received her California certification in 1946. The couple worked in the same office in San Francisco until the 1960s, working together and independently on projects throughout Northern California. Title: Mismatched Couples Passage: Mismatched Couples (aka Love Meets the Match) is a 1985 Hong Kong action romantic comedy film directed by Yuen Woo-ping and starring himself alongside Donnie Yen. Title: Only Human (2010 film) Passage: Only Human is a 2010 Irish experimental film directed by Rouzbeh Rashidi that tells the visual story of five couples. A tale of people unfolds under the night sky. These doomed couples and lost individuals begin journeys and attempt to find resolution in their lives. As the stories progress, they become neatly woven into a minimalistic portrayal of modern life. Title: Slumgullion Pass Passage: Slumgullion Pass (elevation ) is a mountain pass in southwestern Colorado traversed by State Highway 149 east of Lake City. The north side has the steepest grade of any continuously paved road in Colorado (9%), but the pass does not close often in winter because snowplows clear the route regularly during this season. It has a few switchbacks and tight spots, but other than that, most travelers will find it an easy, scenic route. Title: The Motorcycle Diaries (film) Passage: During their expedition, Guevara and Granado encounter the poverty of the indigenous peasants, and the movie assumes a greater seriousness once the men gain a better sense of the disparity between the ``haves ''(to which they belong) and the obviously exploited`` have - nots'' (who make up the majority of those they encounter) by traveling on foot. In Chile, for instance, they encounter a penniless and persecuted couple forced onto the road because of their communist beliefs. In a fire - lit scene, Guevara and Granado ashamedly admit to the couple that they are not out looking for work as well. The duo then accompanies the couple to the Chuquicamata copper mine, where Guevara becomes angry at the treatment of the workers. Title: Lois Lane (Smallville) Passage: In Smallville, Lois comes to town to investigate the apparent death of her cousin Chloe Sullivan at the start of the fourth season. After finding Chloe still alive, Lois is forced to enroll in Smallville High to complete the remaining credits of high school she failed to achieve. As the series progresses, her interest in journalism grows, first writing a couple of articles for the Smallville High Torch in season four, landing a job at the Inquisitor in season six, and finally being hired at the Daily Planet in season seven. Throughout seasons four, five, six and seven, Lois's relationship with Clark Kent is depicted more as a brother / sister relationship, with the two characters often butting heads. By season eight, Lois begins to realize that she is falling in love with Clark, and by season nine the two become an official couple. During season ten the relationship goes through several milestones and midseason the pair get engaged. Title: Indigenous peoples of the Americas Passage: Large numbers of Bolivian highland peasants retained indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of "empowered caciques" to further communal organization. Indigenous revolts took place frequently until 1953. While the National Revolutionary Movement government begun in 1952 discouraged self-identification as indigenous (reclassifying rural people as campesinos, or peasants), renewed ethnic and class militancy re-emerged in the Katarista movement beginning in the 1970s. Lowland indigenous peoples, mostly in the east, entered national politics through the 1990 March for Territory and Dignity organized by the CIDOB confederation. That march successfully pressured the national government to sign the ILO Convention 169 and to begin the still-ongoing process of recognizing and titling indigenous territories. The 1994 Law of Popular Participation granted "grassroots territorial organizations" that are recognized by the state certain rights to govern local areas. Title: Miami Passage: Construction is currently underway on the Miami Intermodal Center and Miami Central Station, a massive transportation hub servicing Metrorail, Amtrak, Tri-Rail, Metrobus, Greyhound Lines, taxis, rental cars, MIA Mover, private automobiles, bicycles and pedestrians adjacent to Miami International Airport. Completion of the Miami Intermodal Center is expected to be completed by winter 2011, and will serve over 150,000 commuters and travelers in the Miami area. Phase I of Miami Central Station is scheduled to begin service in the spring of 2012, and Phase II in 2013. Title: Climate of Chile Passage: The climate of Chile comprises a wide range of weather conditions across a large geographic scale, extending across 38 degrees in latitude, making generalizations difficult. According to the Köppen system, Chile within its borders hosts at least seven major climatic subtypes, ranging from low desert in the north, to alpine tundra and glaciers in the east and southeast, humid subtropical in Easter Island, Oceanic in the south and Mediterranean climate in central Chile. There are four seasons in most of the country: summer (December to February), autumn (March to May), winter (June to August), and spring (September to November). Title: The Michael J. Fox Show Passage: On February 5, 2014, it was announced that "The Michael J. Fox Show" would not return after the 2014 Winter Olympics as planned. A representative for NBC later stated the show "it's not cancelled. We are looking for a place on the schedule after April 3." Despite this, the remaining episodes never aired in the U.S. and, on May 10, 2014, NBC officially canceled the show after one season. Title: Mike & Molly Passage: Mike & Molly is an American sitcom created by Mark Roberts which aired on CBS from September 20, 2010 to May 16, 2016, for a total of six seasons and 127 episodes. The series stars Billy Gardell and Melissa McCarthy as the eponymous Mike and Molly, a couple who meet in a Chicago Overeaters Anonymous group and fall in love. Title: Meet the Barkers Passage: Meet the Barkers was a reality television series which aired on MTV. The series followed the everyday life of married couple, blink-182 drummer Travis Barker and his wife Shanna Moakler, as well as Moakler and Barker's two children, Alabama Luella Barker and Landon Asher Barker. Moakler and Oscar De La Hoya's daughter, Atiana Cecelia De La Hoya, also appeared on the show. "Meet the Barkers" lasted two seasons, airing 16 episodes.	[ "Climate of Chile", "The Motorcycle Diaries (film)" ]
2hop__166484_798067	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "title": "Texas–Indian wars" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar.", "title": "Pettai, Karaikal" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population.", "title": "Krasnovishersky District" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District.", "title": "Pak Tam Chung" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "title": "Kiri Territory" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jinjiang () is a county-level city of Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It is located in the southeastern part of the province, on the right or south bank of the Jin River, across from Quanzhou's urban district of Fengze. Jinjiang also borders the Taiwan Strait of the East China Sea to the south, and Quanzhou's other county-cities of Shishi and Nan'an to the east and west, respectively. It has an area of and a population of 1,986,447 as of 2010.", "title": "Jinjiang, Fujian" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association.", "title": "Zuchang Gymnasium" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Motru Coal Mine is an open-pit mining exploitation, one of the largest in Romania located in Motru, Gorj County. The legal entity managing the Motru mine is the National Company of Lignite Oltenia which was set up in 1997.", "title": "Motru Coal Mine" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Brzeziny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Brzeziny, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Brzeziny, Łódź Voivodeship" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "title": "Taputapuatea" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Łowicz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Łowicz, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Łowicz" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union.", "title": "Oblasts of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea.", "title": "Tumaraa" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" } ]	What is the administrative territorial entity of the administrative territorial entity Zuchang Gymnasium is located?	Quanzhou	[ "Fujian Province" ]	Title: List of territorial entities where English is an official language Passage: The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level. Title: Tumaraa Passage: Tumaraa is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Tumaraa is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 3,721, making it the least populous commune on Raiatea. Title: Pangi Territory Passage: Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi. Title: Taputapuatea Passage: Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. Title: Jinjiang, Fujian Passage: Jinjiang () is a county-level city of Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China. It is located in the southeastern part of the province, on the right or south bank of the Jin River, across from Quanzhou's urban district of Fengze. Jinjiang also borders the Taiwan Strait of the East China Sea to the south, and Quanzhou's other county-cities of Shishi and Nan'an to the east and west, respectively. It has an area of and a population of 1,986,447 as of 2010. Title: Texas–Indian wars Passage: Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Oblasts of the Soviet Union Passage: The oblasts of the Soviet Union were second-level entities of the Soviet Union, and first-level entities of the republics of the Soviet Union. Title: Pettai, Karaikal Passage: Pettai is a panchayat village and revenue village in Pondicherry Union Territory, India. Administratively, Pettai is under the Thirunallar Taluk (formerly Thirunallar Commune Panchayat) of Karaikal District, Pondicherry Union Territory. Pettai is situated on the banks of the Arasalar River, to the west of Karaikal town and south of Thirunallar. Title: Saulkrasti Municipality Passage: Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town. Title: Pak Tam Chung Passage: Pak Tam Chung () is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is administratively under the Sai Kung District. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Krasnovishersky District Passage: Krasnovishersky District () is an administrative district (raion) of Perm Krai, Russia; one of the thirty-three in the krai. Municipally, it is incorporated as Krasnovishersky Municipal District. It is located in the northeast of the krai, in the valley of the Vishera River, and borders with the Komi Republic in the north, Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east, Cherdynsky District in the west, Solikamsky District in the south, and with the territory of the town of krai significance of Alexandrovsk in the southeast. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the town of Krasnovishersk. Population: The population of Krasnovishersk accounts for 71.4% of the district's total population. Title: Motru Coal Mine Passage: Motru Coal Mine is an open-pit mining exploitation, one of the largest in Romania located in Motru, Gorj County. The legal entity managing the Motru mine is the National Company of Lignite Oltenia which was set up in 1997. Title: Kiri Territory Passage: Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Gmina Brzeziny, Łódź Voivodeship Passage: Gmina Brzeziny is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Brzeziny County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Brzeziny, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Zuchang Gymnasium Passage: Zuchang Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Jinjiang, Fujian, China. The capacity of the arena is 6,000 spectators and opened in 2002. It hosts indoor sporting events such as basketball and volleyball. It hosts the Fujian Xunxing of the Chinese Basketball Association. Title: Gmina Łowicz Passage: Gmina Łowicz is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łowicz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Łowicz, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.	[ "Jinjiang, Fujian", "Zuchang Gymnasium" ]
2hop__711639_110949	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eskenazi was born Sarah Skinazi to an impoverished Sephardic Jewish family in Istanbul, in the Constantinople Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. Throughout her career she hid her real date of birth, and claimed to have been born in 1910. In fact, she was at least a decade older, and was likely born sometime between 1895 and 1897. Her father, Avram Skinazi, was a rag dealer. In addition to Roza, he and his wife Flora had two sons, Nisim, the eldest, and Sami.", "title": "Roza Eskenazi" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Temptation of Sarah Jane Smith is a story of \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" which was broadcast on CBBC on 17 and 24 November 2008. It is the fifth serial of the second series.", "title": "The Temptation of Sarah Jane Smith" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giuseppe Demachi (9 June 1732 – 1791 or after) was a composer born in Alessandria, Italy. He served as a leading violinist in the city of his birth and later in the city of Geneva with the Concerto di Ginevra of the Societé de Musique. He also served in the employ of one Count Sannazzaro in the 1760s and 1770s at Casale Monferrato. Not much is known about his life or death. Other than the records of his birth in 1732, his next known appearance in history is in 1763 when he was listed as playing in Alessandria's orchestra. After 1777 he again falls into obscurity until his last verifiable appearance during some concerts in London in 1791. The date of his death is not known, but is believed to have been shortly after his performances in London.", "title": "Giuseppe Demachi" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son.", "title": "William Shakespeare" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Švitrigaila was born to Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife Uliana of Tver. His date of birth is unknown, but it is believed that he was the youngest or second youngest son of Algirdas. He first appeared in politics in October 1382 when he witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa between his elder brother Jogaila and the Teutonic Knights. Historians believe that would indicate that at the time Švitrigaila was no younger than 12 which would put his date of birth sometime before 1370. In a complaint submitted to the Council of Florence, Švitrigaila claimed that he and Jogaila were favorite sons of Algirdas. Before his death in 1377, Algirdas transferred his throne to Jogaila but made him swear to make Švitrigaila his heir. Jogaila's representatives did not outright deny the arrangement and instead claimed that it had been modified by mutual agreement between the brothers.", "title": "Švitrigaila" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794.", "title": "Jesse Bennett" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She was born into a musical family in Chicago, Illinois, where she began her concert career at the age of seven. After completing her university and graduate studies in Chicago and Oberlin, Ohio, she moved to London to co-found the ensemble Trio Sonnerie (with Monica Huggett and Sarah Cunningham), with whom she performed and recorded extensively.", "title": "Mitzi Meyerson" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I Remember Love\" is a song written by Peter Hallström and Sarah Dawn Finer, and performed by Sarah Dawn Finer at Melodifestivalen 2007. The song participated in the semifinal in Gävle on 24 February 2007, and reached the finals in the Stockholm Globe Arena on 10 March 2007, where it ended up 4th.", "title": "I Remember Love" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rhoda Delaval was born on 1 July 1725 to Captain Francis Blake Delaval (the elder) and Rhoda Apreece and baptized at St George's, Hanover Square in London on 22 July 1725. She was their oldest daughter of 12 children. Her siblings were Anne Hussey, Mary Elizabeth, Sarah, Robert, George, Henry, Ralph, Francis, Edward, Thomas, John. Two years after her birth, her brother, Sir Francis Blake Delaval (the younger) (1727–1771) was born. A brother George, who died as a young adult, also pursued the art of painting with her instructor, Arthur Pond. She was known to be a talented, beautiful woman. One of her sisters was Sarah, Countess of Mexborough.", "title": "Rhoda Delaval" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spexy Beast is a stand-up comedy tour performed by British comedian Alan Carr. The tour was Carr's first to be performed in arena type venues, with extra dates being added in most territories due to popular demand.", "title": "Spexy Beast" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madonna was criticized for her performance of \"Like a Virgin\" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was \"Material Girl\" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her.", "title": "Madonna (entertainer)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, Maiysha went to Sarah Lawrence College where she studied vocal performance as well as creative writing and race and gender studies. After graduating, Maiysha moved to New York City to teach at a private school in Manhattan. She also was signed to Ford Models.", "title": "Maiysha" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shirley Abicair was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Some sources show her year of birth as 1935, but a contemporary account shows she was 23 or 24 on arrival in Britain and, as she had completed tertiary studies in Australia, the earlier date seems more likely. She was the only daughter of a Wing Commander in the RAAF.", "title": "Shirley Abicair" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Incredible Sarah is a 1976 British drama film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Glenda Jackson. It presents a dramatization of the acting career of Sarah Bernhardt.", "title": "The Incredible Sarah" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop artist of Italian descent. He has been described as \"one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden\". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as \"Mauro & Plura\".", "title": "Mauro Scocco" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maureen Payne (date of birth unknown, died 1997, South Africa) was a South Africa Test cricketer. She captained the side for their second series, played against New Zealand in 1971–72. She appeared in five Tests for South Africa, claiming eight wickets.", "title": "Maureen Payne" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his \"Method for the mandolin\" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period.", "title": "Giovanni Cifolelli" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Sarah\" is a song written and recorded by Mauro Scocco on the 1988 album \"Mauro Scocco\". The song charted at Svensktoppen for 14 veckor weeks between 7 October 1988-22 January 1989, topping the chart. The single was released in 1988, and topped the Swedish singles chart. Sarah also became the most popular Trackslistan song of 1988.", "title": "Sarah (Mauro Scocco song)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pak Nam-gi or Park Nam-ki (21 February 1934 – 17 March 2010) was, until as late as January 2010, Director of the Planning and Finance Department of the ruling party of North Korea. There are doubts about his date of birth, with at least two unattributed sources reporting it as 21 February 1934 or sometime in 1928 respectively.", "title": "Pak Nam-gi" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "La naissance d'Osiris, ou La fête Pamilie (\"The Birth of Osiris, or The Festival of Pamylia\") is a one-act opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau, first performed on 12 October 1754 at Fontainebleau to celebrate the birth of the future King Louis XVI. The libretto is by Rameau's frequent collaborator Louis de Cahusac. Cahusac styled the work a \"ballet allégorique\" (\"allegorical ballet\"), but it is usually categorised as an \"acte de ballet\". Its slender plot tells of Jupiter's announcement to a group of Egyptian shepherds of the birth of the god Osiris, who symbolises the baby prince. The piece may have started life as part of a larger work, \"Les beaux jours de l'Amour\", an \"opéra-ballet\" Rameau and Cahusac planned but never completed for reasons which are still uncertain.", "title": "La naissance d'Osiris" } ]	What is the Sarah performer's birth date?	11 September 1962	[]	Title: Giovanni Cifolelli Passage: Giovanni Cifolelli was an Italian mandolin virtuoso and dramatic composer whose date and place of birth are unknown. In 1764 he made his appearance in Paris as a mandolin virtuoso and was highly esteemed, both as a performer and teacher. He published his "Method for the mandolin" while residing in Paris, which met with great success throughout France, being the most popular of its period. Title: La naissance d'Osiris Passage: La naissance d'Osiris, ou La fête Pamilie ("The Birth of Osiris, or The Festival of Pamylia") is a one-act opera by Jean-Philippe Rameau, first performed on 12 October 1754 at Fontainebleau to celebrate the birth of the future King Louis XVI. The libretto is by Rameau's frequent collaborator Louis de Cahusac. Cahusac styled the work a "ballet allégorique" ("allegorical ballet"), but it is usually categorised as an "acte de ballet". Its slender plot tells of Jupiter's announcement to a group of Egyptian shepherds of the birth of the god Osiris, who symbolises the baby prince. The piece may have started life as part of a larger work, "Les beaux jours de l'Amour", an "opéra-ballet" Rameau and Cahusac planned but never completed for reasons which are still uncertain. Title: Sarah (Mauro Scocco song) Passage: "Sarah" is a song written and recorded by Mauro Scocco on the 1988 album "Mauro Scocco". The song charted at Svensktoppen for 14 veckor weeks between 7 October 1988-22 January 1989, topping the chart. The single was released in 1988, and topped the Swedish singles chart. Sarah also became the most popular Trackslistan song of 1988. Title: Giuseppe Demachi Passage: Giuseppe Demachi (9 June 1732 – 1791 or after) was a composer born in Alessandria, Italy. He served as a leading violinist in the city of his birth and later in the city of Geneva with the Concerto di Ginevra of the Societé de Musique. He also served in the employ of one Count Sannazzaro in the 1760s and 1770s at Casale Monferrato. Not much is known about his life or death. Other than the records of his birth in 1732, his next known appearance in history is in 1763 when he was listed as playing in Alessandria's orchestra. After 1777 he again falls into obscurity until his last verifiable appearance during some concerts in London in 1791. The date of his death is not known, but is believed to have been shortly after his performances in London. Title: Maureen Payne Passage: Maureen Payne (date of birth unknown, died 1997, South Africa) was a South Africa Test cricketer. She captained the side for their second series, played against New Zealand in 1971–72. She appeared in five Tests for South Africa, claiming eight wickets. Title: Shirley Abicair Passage: Shirley Abicair was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Some sources show her year of birth as 1935, but a contemporary account shows she was 23 or 24 on arrival in Britain and, as she had completed tertiary studies in Australia, the earlier date seems more likely. She was the only daughter of a Wing Commander in the RAAF. Title: Švitrigaila Passage: Švitrigaila was born to Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife Uliana of Tver. His date of birth is unknown, but it is believed that he was the youngest or second youngest son of Algirdas. He first appeared in politics in October 1382 when he witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa between his elder brother Jogaila and the Teutonic Knights. Historians believe that would indicate that at the time Švitrigaila was no younger than 12 which would put his date of birth sometime before 1370. In a complaint submitted to the Council of Florence, Švitrigaila claimed that he and Jogaila were favorite sons of Algirdas. Before his death in 1377, Algirdas transferred his throne to Jogaila but made him swear to make Švitrigaila his heir. Jogaila's representatives did not outright deny the arrangement and instead claimed that it had been modified by mutual agreement between the brothers. Title: Rhoda Delaval Passage: Rhoda Delaval was born on 1 July 1725 to Captain Francis Blake Delaval (the elder) and Rhoda Apreece and baptized at St George's, Hanover Square in London on 22 July 1725. She was their oldest daughter of 12 children. Her siblings were Anne Hussey, Mary Elizabeth, Sarah, Robert, George, Henry, Ralph, Francis, Edward, Thomas, John. Two years after her birth, her brother, Sir Francis Blake Delaval (the younger) (1727–1771) was born. A brother George, who died as a young adult, also pursued the art of painting with her instructor, Arthur Pond. She was known to be a talented, beautiful woman. One of her sisters was Sarah, Countess of Mexborough. Title: Jesse Bennett Passage: Dr. Jesse Bennett (July 10, 1769 -- July 13, 1842) was the first American physician to perform a successful Caesarean section, which he performed on his own wife at the birth of their only child on January 14, 1794. Title: The Temptation of Sarah Jane Smith Passage: The Temptation of Sarah Jane Smith is a story of "The Sarah Jane Adventures" which was broadcast on CBBC on 17 and 24 November 2008. It is the fifth serial of the second series. Title: Spexy Beast Passage: Spexy Beast is a stand-up comedy tour performed by British comedian Alan Carr. The tour was Carr's first to be performed in arena type venues, with extra dates being added in most territories due to popular demand. Title: Pak Nam-gi Passage: Pak Nam-gi or Park Nam-ki (21 February 1934 – 17 March 2010) was, until as late as January 2010, Director of the Planning and Finance Department of the ruling party of North Korea. There are doubts about his date of birth, with at least two unattributed sources reporting it as 21 February 1934 or sometime in 1928 respectively. Title: Madonna (entertainer) Passage: Madonna was criticized for her performance of "Like a Virgin" at the first 1984 MTV Video Music Awards (VMA). She appeared on stage atop a giant wedding cake, wearing a wedding dress and white gloves. The performance is noted by MTV as an iconic moment in VMA history. In later years, Madonna commented that she was terrified of the performance. The next hit was "Material Girl" promoted by her video, a mimicry of Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. While filming this video, Madonna started dating actor Sean Penn. They married on her birthday in 1985. Like a Virgin was certified diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America and sold more than 25 million copies worldwide. In February 1984, according to the film director Sir Richard Attenborough, Madonna auditioned at the Royale Theatre on Broadway for a dance role in his movie version of A Chorus Line using her birth-name of Ciccone, but he rejected her. Title: Roza Eskenazi Passage: Eskenazi was born Sarah Skinazi to an impoverished Sephardic Jewish family in Istanbul, in the Constantinople Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. Throughout her career she hid her real date of birth, and claimed to have been born in 1910. In fact, she was at least a decade older, and was likely born sometime between 1895 and 1897. Her father, Avram Skinazi, was a rag dealer. In addition to Roza, he and his wife Flora had two sons, Nisim, the eldest, and Sami. Title: Mitzi Meyerson Passage: She was born into a musical family in Chicago, Illinois, where she began her concert career at the age of seven. After completing her university and graduate studies in Chicago and Oberlin, Ohio, she moved to London to co-found the ensemble Trio Sonnerie (with Monica Huggett and Sarah Cunningham), with whom she performed and recorded extensively. Title: I Remember Love Passage: "I Remember Love" is a song written by Peter Hallström and Sarah Dawn Finer, and performed by Sarah Dawn Finer at Melodifestivalen 2007. The song participated in the semifinal in Gävle on 24 February 2007, and reached the finals in the Stockholm Globe Arena on 10 March 2007, where it ended up 4th. Title: The Incredible Sarah Passage: The Incredible Sarah is a 1976 British drama film directed by Richard Fleischer and starring Glenda Jackson. It presents a dramatization of the acting career of Sarah Bernhardt. Title: Maiysha Passage: Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, Maiysha went to Sarah Lawrence College where she studied vocal performance as well as creative writing and race and gender studies. After graduating, Maiysha moved to New York City to teach at a private school in Manhattan. She also was signed to Ford Models. Title: Mauro Scocco Passage: Mauro Scocco (born 11 September 1962) is a Swedish pop artist of Italian descent. He has been described as "one of the sharpest songwriters in Sweden". Scocco was the singer for the pop group Ratata (1980–83) transformed into a duo with Johan Ekelund (1983–89). After Ratata, Scocco has continued as a solo artist since. In 2014, he cooperated with Plura Jonsson releasing a joint album as "Mauro & Plura". Title: William Shakespeare Passage: William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon and baptised there on 26 April 1564. His actual date of birth remains unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This date, which can be traced to a mistake made by an 18th-century scholar, has proved appealing to biographers because Shakespeare died on the same date in 1616. He was the third of eight children, and the eldest surviving son.	[ "Mauro Scocco", "Sarah (Mauro Scocco song)" ]
2hop__10900_21567	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of musical notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a musical score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music.", "title": "Classical music" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The key characteristic of classical music that distinguishes it from popular music and folk music is that the repertoire tends to be written down in musical notation, creating a musical part or score. This score typically determines details of rhythm, pitch, and, where two or more musicians (whether singers or instrumentalists) are involved, how the various parts are coordinated. The written quality of the music has enabled a high level of complexity within them: J.S. Bach's fugues, for instance, achieve a remarkable marriage of boldly distinctive melodic lines weaving in counterpoint yet creating a coherent harmonic logic that would be impossible in the heat of live improvisation. The use of written notation also preserves a record of the works and enables Classical musicians to perform music from many centuries ago. Musical notation enables 2000s-era performers to sing a choral work from the 1300s Renaissance era or a 1700s Baroque concerto with many of the features of the music (the melodies, lyrics, forms, and rhythms) being reproduced.", "title": "Classical music" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 16th century the northern fringe of the Sahara, such as coastal regencies in present-day Algeria and Tunisia, as well as some parts of present-day Libya, together with the semi-autonomous kingdom of Egypt, were occupied by the Ottoman Empire. From 1517 Egypt was a valued part of the Ottoman Empire, ownership of which provided the Ottomans with control over the Nile Valley, the east Mediterranean and North Africa. The benefit of the Ottoman Empire was the freedom of movement for citizens and goods. Trade exploited the Ottoman land routes to handle the spices, gold and silk from the East, manufactures from Europe, and the slave and gold traffic from Africa. Arabic continued as the local language and Islamic culture was much reinforced. The Sahel and southern Sahara regions were home to several independent states or to roaming Tuareg clans.", "title": "Sahara" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Using his own system, Hampartsoum Limondjian transcribed most of 18th century Turkish music compositions in a collection of six books, which he presented to Selim III. Only two of the originals survive to date and are preserved at the Istanbul Municipal Conservatory Library. As the dominant notation for Turkish and Armenian music, the Hamparsum notation was instrumental in the transcription and survival of thousands of pieces of music, and was surpassed only in modern times in its use for Turkish classical music. The notation system is still in use by the Armenian Apostolic Church.", "title": "Hampartsoum Limondjian" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On the continent of Europe, Anno Domini was introduced as the era of choice of the Carolingian Renaissance by the English cleric and scholar Alcuin in the late eighth century. Its endorsement by Emperor Charlemagne and his successors popularizing the use of the epoch and spreading it throughout the Carolingian Empire ultimately lies at the core of the system's prevalence. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, popes continued to date documents according to regnal years for some time, but usage of AD gradually became more common in Roman Catholic countries from the 11th to the 14th centuries. In 1422, Portugal became the last Western European country to switch to the system begun by Dionysius. Eastern Orthodox countries only began to adopt AD instead of the Byzantine calendar in 1700 when Russia did so, with others adopting it in the 19th and 20th centuries.", "title": "Anno Domini" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for the exportation of African slaves by Europeans to the western hemisphere. Previously slaves had been traded by Arabs north to the northern part of Africa and into the Middle East.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Wilberforce's Slave Trade Act 1807 abolished the slave trade in the British Empire. It was not until the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 that the institution finally was abolished, but on a gradual basis. Since slave owners in the various colonies (not only the Caribbean) were losing their unpaid labourers, the government set aside £20 million for compensation but it did not offer the former slaves reparations.", "title": "Slavery in the British and French Caribbean" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historically, other notations, such as the vinculum, were similarly used for grouping; in present - day use, these notations all have specific meanings. The earliest use of brackets to indicate aggregation (i.e. grouping) was suggested in 1608 by Christopher Clavius and in 1629 by Albert Girard.", "title": "Bracket (mathematics)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first military unit of the Ottoman State was an army that was organized by Osman I from the tribesmen inhabiting the hills of western Anatolia in the late 13th century. The military system became an intricate organization with the advance of the Empire. The Ottoman military was a complex system of recruiting and fief-holding. The main corps of the Ottoman Army included Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân. The Ottoman army was once among the most advanced fighting forces in the world, being one of the first to use muskets and cannons. The Ottoman Turks began using falconets, which were short but wide cannons, during the Siege of Constantinople. The Ottoman cavalry depended on high speed and mobility rather than heavy armour, using bows and short swords on fast Turkoman and Arabian horses (progenitors of the Thoroughbred racing horse), and often applied tactics similar to those of the Mongol Empire, such as pretending to retreat while surrounding the enemy forces inside a crescent-shaped formation and then making the real attack. The decline in the army's performance became clear from the mid-17th century and after the Great Turkish War. The 18th century saw some limited success against Venice, but in the north the European-style Russian armies forced the Ottomans to concede land.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata (476-550), in his Aryabhatiya (499) introduced a number of trigonometric functions (including sine, versine, cosine and inverse sine), trigonometric tables, and techniques and algorithms of algebra. In 628 AD, Brahmagupta suggested that gravity was a force of attraction. He also lucidly explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system now used universally throughout the world. Arabic translations of the two astronomers' texts were soon available in the Islamic world, introducing what would become Arabic numerals to the Islamic World by the 9th century. During the 14th–16th centuries, the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics made significant advances in astronomy and especially mathematics, including fields such as trigonometry and analysis. In particular, Madhava of Sangamagrama is considered the \"founder of mathematical analysis\".", "title": "History of science" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first European colonization wave took place from the early 15th century (Portuguese conquest of Ceuta in 1415) until the early 19th - century (French invasion of Algeria in 1830), and primarily involved the European colonization of the Americas, though it also included the establishment of European colonies in India and in Maritime Southeast Asia. During this period, European interests in Africa primarily focused on the establishment of trading posts there, particularly for the African slave trade.", "title": "First wave of European colonization" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A simplified type system was adopted from the video games for use in the trading card game. Instead of 18 types of Pokémon, only eleven exist in the TCG. Seven were introduced in the Base Set (the first ever set of Pokémon cards); Darkness and Metal types appeared when Pokémon Gold and Silver introduced the Dark and Steel types in the video games; the Dragon type was introduced in the Japanese Dragon Selection set; and finally, the Fairy type was introduced in the Japanese XY set to correspond to its introduction in the video games.", "title": "Pokémon Trading Card Game" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth I of England, primarily interested in trade with the east, collaborated with English merchants to form the first trading companies to the far-flung regions, using their own jargon. Their goals were to obtain trading concessions by treaty. The queen chartered the Company of Merchants of the Levant, shortened to Levant Company, and soon known also as The Turkey Company, in 1581. In 1582, the ship The Great Susan transported the first ambassador, William Harebone, to the Ottoman Porte (government of the Ottoman Empire) at Constantinople. Compared to Anatolia, Levant also means \"land of the rising sun,\" but where Anatolia always only meant the projection of land currently occupied by the Republic of Turkey, Levant meant anywhere in the domain ruled by the Ottoman Porte. The East India Company (short for a much longer formal name) was chartered in 1600 for trade to the East Indies.", "title": "Near East" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.", "title": "Late Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 1840, the Market Hall and Sheds, where fresh meat and produce were brought daily, became a hub of commercial activity. The slave trade also depended on the port of Charleston, where ships could be unloaded and the slaves bought and sold. The legal importation of African slaves had ended in 1808, although smuggling was significant. However, the domestic trade was booming. More than one million slaves were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the antebellum years, as cotton plantations were widely developed through what became known as the Black Belt. Many slaves were transported in the coastwise slave trade, with slave ships stopping at ports such as Charleston.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the rivers and coast of this area were among the first places colonized by the Portuguese, who set up trading posts in the 16th century, they did not explore the interior until the 19th century. The local African rulers in Guinea, some of whom prospered greatly from the slave trade, controlled the inland trade and did not allow the Europeans into the interior. They kept them in the fortified coastal settlements where the trading took place. African communities that fought back against slave traders also distrusted European adventurers and would-be settlers. The Portuguese in Guinea were largely restricted to the port of Bissau and Cacheu. A small number of European settlers established isolated farms along Bissau's inland rivers.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Middle C (the fourth C key from left on a standard 88 - key piano keyboard) is designated C in scientific pitch notation, the most commonly recognized in auditory science, while both C and the Helmholtz designation c 'are used in musical studies. Other note - octave systems, including those used by some makers of digital music keyboards, may refer to Middle C differently. In MIDI, Middle C is note number 60.", "title": "C (musical note)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Numerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Slave Trade in North Africa.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black African troops and cavalrymen to its expedition in Hungary during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18.", "title": "Black people" } ]	Who introduced a system of musical notation in the 14th century used in the area where the Ottoman slave trade flourished?	John Kukuzelis	[]	Title: Hampartsoum Limondjian Passage: Using his own system, Hampartsoum Limondjian transcribed most of 18th century Turkish music compositions in a collection of six books, which he presented to Selim III. Only two of the originals survive to date and are preserved at the Istanbul Municipal Conservatory Library. As the dominant notation for Turkish and Armenian music, the Hamparsum notation was instrumental in the transcription and survival of thousands of pieces of music, and was surpassed only in modern times in its use for Turkish classical music. The notation system is still in use by the Armenian Apostolic Church. Title: Pokémon Trading Card Game Passage: A simplified type system was adopted from the video games for use in the trading card game. Instead of 18 types of Pokémon, only eleven exist in the TCG. Seven were introduced in the Base Set (the first ever set of Pokémon cards); Darkness and Metal types appeared when Pokémon Gold and Silver introduced the Dark and Steel types in the video games; the Dragon type was introduced in the Japanese Dragon Selection set; and finally, the Fairy type was introduced in the Japanese XY set to correspond to its introduction in the video games. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: Although the rivers and coast of this area were among the first places colonized by the Portuguese, who set up trading posts in the 16th century, they did not explore the interior until the 19th century. The local African rulers in Guinea, some of whom prospered greatly from the slave trade, controlled the inland trade and did not allow the Europeans into the interior. They kept them in the fortified coastal settlements where the trading took place. African communities that fought back against slave traders also distrusted European adventurers and would-be settlers. The Portuguese in Guinea were largely restricted to the port of Bissau and Cacheu. A small number of European settlers established isolated farms along Bissau's inland rivers. Title: Anno Domini Passage: On the continent of Europe, Anno Domini was introduced as the era of choice of the Carolingian Renaissance by the English cleric and scholar Alcuin in the late eighth century. Its endorsement by Emperor Charlemagne and his successors popularizing the use of the epoch and spreading it throughout the Carolingian Empire ultimately lies at the core of the system's prevalence. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, popes continued to date documents according to regnal years for some time, but usage of AD gradually became more common in Roman Catholic countries from the 11th to the 14th centuries. In 1422, Portugal became the last Western European country to switch to the system begun by Dionysius. Eastern Orthodox countries only began to adopt AD instead of the Byzantine calendar in 1700 when Russia did so, with others adopting it in the 19th and 20th centuries. Title: Black people Passage: Due to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimated 30,000 Black African troops and cavalrymen to its expedition in Hungary during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18. Title: Near East Passage: Elizabeth I of England, primarily interested in trade with the east, collaborated with English merchants to form the first trading companies to the far-flung regions, using their own jargon. Their goals were to obtain trading concessions by treaty. The queen chartered the Company of Merchants of the Levant, shortened to Levant Company, and soon known also as The Turkey Company, in 1581. In 1582, the ship The Great Susan transported the first ambassador, William Harebone, to the Ottoman Porte (government of the Ottoman Empire) at Constantinople. Compared to Anatolia, Levant also means "land of the rising sun," but where Anatolia always only meant the projection of land currently occupied by the Republic of Turkey, Levant meant anywhere in the domain ruled by the Ottoman Porte. The East India Company (short for a much longer formal name) was chartered in 1600 for trade to the East Indies. Title: Charleston, South Carolina Passage: By 1840, the Market Hall and Sheds, where fresh meat and produce were brought daily, became a hub of commercial activity. The slave trade also depended on the port of Charleston, where ships could be unloaded and the slaves bought and sold. The legal importation of African slaves had ended in 1808, although smuggling was significant. However, the domestic trade was booming. More than one million slaves were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the antebellum years, as cotton plantations were widely developed through what became known as the Black Belt. Many slaves were transported in the coastwise slave trade, with slave ships stopping at ports such as Charleston. Title: Bracket (mathematics) Passage: Historically, other notations, such as the vinculum, were similarly used for grouping; in present - day use, these notations all have specific meanings. The earliest use of brackets to indicate aggregation (i.e. grouping) was suggested in 1608 by Christopher Clavius and in 1629 by Albert Girard. Title: Classical music Passage: The key characteristic of classical music that distinguishes it from popular music and folk music is that the repertoire tends to be written down in musical notation, creating a musical part or score. This score typically determines details of rhythm, pitch, and, where two or more musicians (whether singers or instrumentalists) are involved, how the various parts are coordinated. The written quality of the music has enabled a high level of complexity within them: J.S. Bach's fugues, for instance, achieve a remarkable marriage of boldly distinctive melodic lines weaving in counterpoint yet creating a coherent harmonic logic that would be impossible in the heat of live improvisation. The use of written notation also preserves a record of the works and enables Classical musicians to perform music from many centuries ago. Musical notation enables 2000s-era performers to sing a choral work from the 1300s Renaissance era or a 1700s Baroque concerto with many of the features of the music (the melodies, lyrics, forms, and rhythms) being reproduced. Title: C (musical note) Passage: Middle C (the fourth C key from left on a standard 88 - key piano keyboard) is designated C in scientific pitch notation, the most commonly recognized in auditory science, while both C and the Helmholtz designation c 'are used in musical studies. Other note - octave systems, including those used by some makers of digital music keyboards, may refer to Middle C differently. In MIDI, Middle C is note number 60. Title: Sahara Passage: In the 16th century the northern fringe of the Sahara, such as coastal regencies in present-day Algeria and Tunisia, as well as some parts of present-day Libya, together with the semi-autonomous kingdom of Egypt, were occupied by the Ottoman Empire. From 1517 Egypt was a valued part of the Ottoman Empire, ownership of which provided the Ottomans with control over the Nile Valley, the east Mediterranean and North Africa. The benefit of the Ottoman Empire was the freedom of movement for citizens and goods. Trade exploited the Ottoman land routes to handle the spices, gold and silk from the East, manufactures from Europe, and the slave and gold traffic from Africa. Arabic continued as the local language and Islamic culture was much reinforced. The Sahel and southern Sahara regions were home to several independent states or to roaming Tuareg clans. Title: Ottoman Empire Passage: The first military unit of the Ottoman State was an army that was organized by Osman I from the tribesmen inhabiting the hills of western Anatolia in the late 13th century. The military system became an intricate organization with the advance of the Empire. The Ottoman military was a complex system of recruiting and fief-holding. The main corps of the Ottoman Army included Janissary, Sipahi, Akıncı and Mehterân. The Ottoman army was once among the most advanced fighting forces in the world, being one of the first to use muskets and cannons. The Ottoman Turks began using falconets, which were short but wide cannons, during the Siege of Constantinople. The Ottoman cavalry depended on high speed and mobility rather than heavy armour, using bows and short swords on fast Turkoman and Arabian horses (progenitors of the Thoroughbred racing horse), and often applied tactics similar to those of the Mongol Empire, such as pretending to retreat while surrounding the enemy forces inside a crescent-shaped formation and then making the real attack. The decline in the army's performance became clear from the mid-17th century and after the Great Turkish War. The 18th century saw some limited success against Venice, but in the north the European-style Russian armies forced the Ottomans to concede land. Title: Guinea-Bissau Passage: Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for the exportation of African slaves by Europeans to the western hemisphere. Previously slaves had been traded by Arabs north to the northern part of Africa and into the Middle East. Title: Ottoman Empire Passage: The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese. Title: First wave of European colonization Passage: The first European colonization wave took place from the early 15th century (Portuguese conquest of Ceuta in 1415) until the early 19th - century (French invasion of Algeria in 1830), and primarily involved the European colonization of the Americas, though it also included the establishment of European colonies in India and in Maritime Southeast Asia. During this period, European interests in Africa primarily focused on the establishment of trading posts there, particularly for the African slave trade. Title: History of science Passage: Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata (476-550), in his Aryabhatiya (499) introduced a number of trigonometric functions (including sine, versine, cosine and inverse sine), trigonometric tables, and techniques and algorithms of algebra. In 628 AD, Brahmagupta suggested that gravity was a force of attraction. He also lucidly explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system now used universally throughout the world. Arabic translations of the two astronomers' texts were soon available in the Islamic world, introducing what would become Arabic numerals to the Islamic World by the 9th century. During the 14th–16th centuries, the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics made significant advances in astronomy and especially mathematics, including fields such as trigonometry and analysis. In particular, Madhava of Sangamagrama is considered the "founder of mathematical analysis". Title: Classical music Passage: It is in this time that the notation of music on a staff and other elements of musical notation began to take shape. This invention made possible the separation of the composition of a piece of music from its transmission; without written music, transmission was oral, and subject to change every time it was transmitted. With a musical score, a work of music could be performed without the composer's presence. The invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century had far-reaching consequences on the preservation and transmission of music. Title: Black people Passage: Numerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Slave Trade in North Africa. Title: Slavery in the British and French Caribbean Passage: William Wilberforce's Slave Trade Act 1807 abolished the slave trade in the British Empire. It was not until the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 that the institution finally was abolished, but on a gradual basis. Since slave owners in the various colonies (not only the Caribbean) were losing their unpaid labourers, the government set aside £20 million for compensation but it did not offer the former slaves reparations. Title: Late Middle Ages Passage: The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.	[ "Late Middle Ages", "Black people" ]
2hop__223655_463572	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sound of Love is a live album by jazz drummer Paul Motian recorded at the Village Vanguard in 1995 and on the Winter & Winter label in 1997.", "title": "Sound of Love" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Let's Go All the Way ''Single by Sly Fox from the album Let's Go All the Way Released December 1985 Format 7``, 12'' Recorded 1985 Genre New wave, synthpop Length 5: 10 3: 54 (single edit) Label Capitol Songwriter (s) Gary ``Mudbone ''Cooper Producer (s) Ted Currier Sly Fox singles chronology`` Let's Go All the Way'' (1985) ``Stay True ''(1986)`` Let's Go All the Way'' (1985) ``Stay True ''(1986) Audio sample`` Sly Fox - Let's Go All The Way'' file help", "title": "Let's Go All the Way (song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For Someone I Love is an album by vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring big band performances arranged by Melba Liston recorded in 1963 and released on the Riverside label.", "title": "For Someone I Love" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Callicott was born in Nesbit, Mississippi, United States. In 1929 he played second guitar in Garfield Akers' duet recording, \"Cottonfield Blues\". His \"Love Me Baby Blues\" has been covered by various artists, e.g. (under the title of \"France Chance\") by Ry Cooder. Arhoolie Records recorded Callicott commercially in the mid-1960s. Some of his 1967 recordings (recorded by the music historian, George Mitchell) were re-released in 2003, on the Fat Possum record label. His best known recordings are \"Great Long Ways From Home\" and \"Hoist Your Window and Let Your Curtain Down\". Callicott also recorded, as noted by one music journalist, \"his lilting \"Fare Thee Well Blues.\"\"", "title": "Mississippi Joe Callicott" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The album cover displays a surreal sculpture designed by Robert Brownjohn. The image consists of the Let It Bleed record being played by the tone - arm of an antique phonograph, and a record - changer spindle supporting several items stacked on a plate in place of a stack of records: a film canister labelled Stones -- Let It Bleed, a clock dial, a pizza, a tyre and a cake with elaborate icing topped by figurines representing the band. The cake parts of the construction were prepared by then - unknown cookery writer Delia Smith. The reverse of the LP sleeve shows the same ``record - stack ''melange in a state of disarray. The artwork was inspired by the working title of the album, which was Automatic Changer.", "title": "Let It Bleed" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label.", "title": "The Jazz Skyline" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\".", "title": "It's What's Happenin'" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Love Sign\" is a song by American musician Prince, from the \"1-800-NEW-FUNK\" compilation album released by his independent record label NPG Records in 1994.", "title": "Love Sign" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "Three for Shepp" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541.", "title": "Tijuana Jazz" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Let's Put It All Together is the fourth studio album recorded by American R&B group The Stylistics, released in May 1974 on the Avco label. It was produced by Hugo & Luigi and recorded at Media Sound Recording Studios in New York City. This was the group's first album recorded outside of Philadelphia.", "title": "Let's Put It All Together" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Let's Get It On ''is a song and hit single by soul musician Marvin Gaye, released June 15, 1973, on Motown - subsidiary label Tamla Records. The song was recorded on March 22, 1973, at Hitsville West in Los Angeles, California. The song features romantic and sexual lyricism and funk instrumentation by The Funk Brothers. The title track of Gaye's landmark album Let's Get It On (1973), it was written by Marvin Gaye and producer Ed Townsend.`` Let's Get It On'' became Gaye's most successful single for Motown and one of his most well - known songs. With the help of the song's sexually explicit content, ``Let's Get It On ''helped give Gaye a reputation as a sex icon during its initial popularity.", "title": "Let's Get It On (song)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Treat Her Like a Lady\" is a song written and recorded by Jamaican reggae singer, Diana King in 1995 for her album \"Tougher Than Love\". Celine Dion covered the song in 1997 for \"Let's Talk About Love\" and released it as a single in 1999. Dion's version reached top forty in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Austria, Iceland and Spain.", "title": "Treat Her Like a Lady (Diana King song)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label.", "title": "The Main Attraction (album)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Let There Be Love\" was an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.", "title": "Let There Be Love (1993 Joni James album)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Let There Be Love is Joni James debut album, recorded in 1953 and released by MGM Records at the end of the year. It was released in a four-disc 10-inch 78-rpm record box, in both a two-disc 7-inch 45-rpm extended-play foldout album and a four-disc 45-rpm regular-play box and on a 10-inch 33⅓-rpm album. The serial number, 222, coincidentally included James's lucky number, \"22,\" which appeared in many of her record serial numbers all over the world.br", "title": "Let There Be Love (1953 Joni James album)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barbara Pittman (April 6, 1938 – October 29, 2005) was an American singer, one of the few female singers to record at Sun Studio. As a young teenager, she recorded some demos of songs for others. Pittman's most popular recordings include \"I Need A Man\" on the Sun label and \"Two Young Fools In Love\", released on Sam Phillips' International label.", "title": "Barbara Pittman" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Equator Records is an independent record label established in 2006 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The music label was founded by Matt Drouin and Fuzz de Grandpre. Equator has released three albums, Islands' \"Return to the Sea\", The Lovely Feathers' \"Hind Hind Legs\" and Teitur's second release, \"Stay Under the Stars\". There is no connection between this label and the Equator Records of Nairobi, Kenya.", "title": "Equator Records (Canada)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Let My Love Open the Door ''is a song written and performed by Pete Townshend from his 1980 album Empty Glass. It reached the top ten in the United States in that same year, reaching number nine. It reached number five in Canada.", "title": "Let My Love Open the Door" } ]	What record label released the debut album of the artist behind the 1993 album "Let There be Love".	MGM Records	[ "MGM" ]	Title: Let's Get It On (song) Passage: ``Let's Get It On ''is a song and hit single by soul musician Marvin Gaye, released June 15, 1973, on Motown - subsidiary label Tamla Records. The song was recorded on March 22, 1973, at Hitsville West in Los Angeles, California. The song features romantic and sexual lyricism and funk instrumentation by The Funk Brothers. The title track of Gaye's landmark album Let's Get It On (1973), it was written by Marvin Gaye and producer Ed Townsend.`` Let's Get It On'' became Gaye's most successful single for Motown and one of his most well - known songs. With the help of the song's sexually explicit content, ``Let's Get It On ''helped give Gaye a reputation as a sex icon during its initial popularity. Title: Treat Her Like a Lady (Diana King song) Passage: "Treat Her Like a Lady" is a song written and recorded by Jamaican reggae singer, Diana King in 1995 for her album "Tougher Than Love". Celine Dion covered the song in 1997 for "Let's Talk About Love" and released it as a single in 1999. Dion's version reached top forty in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Austria, Iceland and Spain. Title: Mississippi Joe Callicott Passage: Callicott was born in Nesbit, Mississippi, United States. In 1929 he played second guitar in Garfield Akers' duet recording, "Cottonfield Blues". His "Love Me Baby Blues" has been covered by various artists, e.g. (under the title of "France Chance") by Ry Cooder. Arhoolie Records recorded Callicott commercially in the mid-1960s. Some of his 1967 recordings (recorded by the music historian, George Mitchell) were re-released in 2003, on the Fat Possum record label. His best known recordings are "Great Long Ways From Home" and "Hoist Your Window and Let Your Curtain Down". Callicott also recorded, as noted by one music journalist, "his lilting "Fare Thee Well Blues."" Title: Let My Love Open the Door Passage: ``Let My Love Open the Door ''is a song written and performed by Pete Townshend from his 1980 album Empty Glass. It reached the top ten in the United States in that same year, reaching number nine. It reached number five in Canada. Title: Let There Be Love (1953 Joni James album) Passage: Let There Be Love is Joni James debut album, recorded in 1953 and released by MGM Records at the end of the year. It was released in a four-disc 10-inch 78-rpm record box, in both a two-disc 7-inch 45-rpm extended-play foldout album and a four-disc 45-rpm regular-play box and on a 10-inch 33⅓-rpm album. The serial number, 222, coincidentally included James's lucky number, "22," which appeared in many of her record serial numbers all over the world.br Title: Let It Bleed Passage: The album cover displays a surreal sculpture designed by Robert Brownjohn. The image consists of the Let It Bleed record being played by the tone - arm of an antique phonograph, and a record - changer spindle supporting several items stacked on a plate in place of a stack of records: a film canister labelled Stones -- Let It Bleed, a clock dial, a pizza, a tyre and a cake with elaborate icing topped by figurines representing the band. The cake parts of the construction were prepared by then - unknown cookery writer Delia Smith. The reverse of the LP sleeve shows the same ``record - stack ''melange in a state of disarray. The artwork was inspired by the working title of the album, which was Automatic Changer. Title: Tijuana Jazz Passage: Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541. Title: Barbara Pittman Passage: Barbara Pittman (April 6, 1938 – October 29, 2005) was an American singer, one of the few female singers to record at Sun Studio. As a young teenager, she recorded some demos of songs for others. Pittman's most popular recordings include "I Need A Man" on the Sun label and "Two Young Fools In Love", released on Sam Phillips' International label. Title: The Jazz Skyline Passage: The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label. Title: The Main Attraction (album) Passage: The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label. Title: Love Sign Passage: "Love Sign" is a song by American musician Prince, from the "1-800-NEW-FUNK" compilation album released by his independent record label NPG Records in 1994. Title: Let's Put It All Together Passage: Let's Put It All Together is the fourth studio album recorded by American R&B group The Stylistics, released in May 1974 on the Avco label. It was produced by Hugo & Luigi and recorded at Media Sound Recording Studios in New York City. This was the group's first album recorded outside of Philadelphia. Title: Let There Be Love (1993 Joni James album) Passage: "Let There Be Love" was an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances. Title: Let's Go All the Way (song) Passage: ``Let's Go All the Way ''Single by Sly Fox from the album Let's Go All the Way Released December 1985 Format 7``, 12'' Recorded 1985 Genre New wave, synthpop Length 5: 10 3: 54 (single edit) Label Capitol Songwriter (s) Gary ``Mudbone ''Cooper Producer (s) Ted Currier Sly Fox singles chronology`` Let's Go All the Way'' (1985) ``Stay True ''(1986)`` Let's Go All the Way'' (1985) ``Stay True ''(1986) Audio sample`` Sly Fox - Let's Go All The Way'' file help Title: For Someone I Love Passage: For Someone I Love is an album by vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring big band performances arranged by Melba Liston recorded in 1963 and released on the Riverside label. Title: Equator Records (Canada) Passage: Equator Records is an independent record label established in 2006 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The music label was founded by Matt Drouin and Fuzz de Grandpre. Equator has released three albums, Islands' "Return to the Sea", The Lovely Feathers' "Hind Hind Legs" and Teitur's second release, "Stay Under the Stars". There is no connection between this label and the Equator Records of Nairobi, Kenya. Title: Sound of Love Passage: Sound of Love is a live album by jazz drummer Paul Motian recorded at the Village Vanguard in 1995 and on the Winter & Winter label in 1997. Title: Three for Shepp Passage: Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label. Title: Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album) Passage: Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: It's What's Happenin' Passage: It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, "The Happy Horns of Clark Terry".	[ "Let There Be Love (1993 Joni James album)", "Let There Be Love (1953 Joni James album)" ]
2hop__226204_69048	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of judges of the Supreme Court of India, the highest court in the Republic of India. The list is ordered according to seniority. There are currently 25 judges (including Chief Justice of India) against a maximum possible strength of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court retire at age 65.", "title": "List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bowie served as chief judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1861 to 1867. In 1863, he was detained by Confederate general J.E.B. Stuart near Rockville, Maryland, but was released soon thereafter. He later served as chief judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Maryland, and as such also an associate judge of the court of appeals of Maryland, from November 7, 1871 until his death near Rockville. He is interred in Rockville Cemetery.", "title": "Richard Bowie" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme court judge. Earlier, he was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala and Gauhati High Court. He was also one of the 4 judges who held a controversial press conference against the Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra.", "title": "Jasti Chelameswar" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir Bartholomew Dillon (died 1533) was a leading Irish judge of the sixteenth century who held the offices of Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer and Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland.", "title": "Bartholomew Dillon" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Supreme court judges retire at the age of 65. However, there have been suggestions from the judges of the Supreme Court of India to provide for a fixed term for the judges including the Chief Justice of India.", "title": "Supreme Court of India" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "R. Banumathi (born 20 July 1955) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. She is from Tamil Nadu and the sixth woman to be a Judge of the Indian Supreme Court. Earlier, she had served as the Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court and judge at Madras High Court.", "title": "R. Banumathi" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. As such, he is head of the United States federal court system, which functions as the judicial branch of the nation's federal government. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight have the title Associate Justice.", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Article 124 (4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows:", "title": "Chief Justice of India" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Book of Ruth (Hebrew: מגילת רות ‎, Megilath Ruth, ``the Scroll of Ruth '', one of the Five Megillot) is included in the third division, or the Writings (Ketuvim), of the Hebrew Bible; in most Christian canons it is treated as a history book and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel, as it is set`` in the days when the judges judged'', although the Syriac Christian tradition places it later, between Ecclesiastes and the Song of Songs. It is named after its central figure, Ruth the Moabitess, the great - grandmother of David.", "title": "Book of Ruth" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Upon graduating from Yale Law School, Eleanor Swift clerked for Judge M. Joseph Blumenfeld of the U.S. District Court in Hartford and for Chief Judge David L. Bazelon of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. She then practiced in Houston with the firm of Vinson & Elkins.", "title": "Eleanor Swift" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael J. Barron (born 1933) is the former chief judge of the Milwaukee County Circuit Court and a former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.", "title": "Michael J. Barron" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In every High Court, there is a Chief Justice and many other judges whose number is defined by the President of India.", "title": "Indian High Courts Act 1861" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bart Magunda Katureebe is a Ugandan judge and the Chief Justice of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 5 March 2015. Before that, he was a justice of the Supreme Court of Uganda.", "title": "Bart Magunda Katureebe" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sir (John) Mostyn Hanger (3 January 190811 August 1980) was a judge in the Australian state of Queensland, rising to become Chief Justice and Administrator of the state.", "title": "Mostyn Hanger" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As per the Constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges' Cases -- (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the Supreme Court by the President of India on the recommendation of the collegium -- a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee. This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments.", "title": "Supreme Court of India" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2016, Adama Lamikanra is currently the acting Chief Judge of Rivers State. She is preceded by Daisy W. Okocha, the first woman to ever serve in that office.", "title": "Chief Judge of Rivers State" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "All - time highs All - time lows Closing 26,616.71 Friday, January 26, 2018 41.22 Friday, July 8, 1932 Intraday 26,616.71 Friday, January 26, 2018 40.56 Friday, July 8, 1932 Theoretical 26,735.93 Monday, January 29, 2018 40.54 Friday, July 8, 1932", "title": "Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1880 New York state election was held on November 2, 1880, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly.", "title": "1880 New York state election" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Friday Ossai Osanebi (born August 7, 1980) is a Nigerian and a member of the Delta State House of Assembly the Lawmaker representing Ndokwa East Local Government Constituency in the State House of Assembly.", "title": "Friday Osanebi" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith.", "title": "Rosaline Bozimo" } ]	Who is the chief judge of Friday Osanebi's birthplace?	Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith	[]	Title: Book of Ruth Passage: The Book of Ruth (Hebrew: מגילת רות ‎, Megilath Ruth, ``the Scroll of Ruth '', one of the Five Megillot) is included in the third division, or the Writings (Ketuvim), of the Hebrew Bible; in most Christian canons it is treated as a history book and placed between Judges and 1 Samuel, as it is set`` in the days when the judges judged'', although the Syriac Christian tradition places it later, between Ecclesiastes and the Song of Songs. It is named after its central figure, Ruth the Moabitess, the great - grandmother of David. Title: Chief Justice of India Passage: Article 124 (4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows: Title: Chief Justice of the United States Passage: The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. As such, he is head of the United States federal court system, which functions as the judicial branch of the nation's federal government. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight have the title Associate Justice. Title: Rosaline Bozimo Passage: Rosaline Patricia Irorefe Bozimo (born 1 January 1946) is a Nigerian lawyer who was appointed Chief Justice of Delta State with effect from 23 March 2003. She retired on 1 January 2011 and was succeeded by Honorable Justice Abiodun Smith. Title: Jasti Chelameswar Passage: Jasti Chelameswar (born 23 June 1953) was a judge of the Supreme Court of India. He retired on 22 June 2018 as the second most senior Supreme court judge. Earlier, he was the Chief Justice of the High Court of Kerala and Gauhati High Court. He was also one of the 4 judges who held a controversial press conference against the Chief Justice of India, Dipak Misra. Title: Bartholomew Dillon Passage: Sir Bartholomew Dillon (died 1533) was a leading Irish judge of the sixteenth century who held the offices of Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer and Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Ireland. Title: Supreme Court of India Passage: As per the Constitution, as held by the court in the Three Judges' Cases -- (1982, 1993, 1998), a judge is appointed to the Supreme Court by the President of India on the recommendation of the collegium -- a closed group of the Chief Justice of India, the four most senior judges of the court and the senior-most judge hailing from the high court of a prospective appointee. This has resulted in a Memorandum of Procedure being followed, for the appointments. Title: Bart Magunda Katureebe Passage: Bart Magunda Katureebe is a Ugandan judge and the Chief Justice of Uganda. He was appointed to that position on 5 March 2015. Before that, he was a justice of the Supreme Court of Uganda. Title: Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average Passage: All - time highs All - time lows Closing 26,616.71 Friday, January 26, 2018 41.22 Friday, July 8, 1932 Intraday 26,616.71 Friday, January 26, 2018 40.56 Friday, July 8, 1932 Theoretical 26,735.93 Monday, January 29, 2018 40.54 Friday, July 8, 1932 Title: Chief Judge of Rivers State Passage: As of 2016, Adama Lamikanra is currently the acting Chief Judge of Rivers State. She is preceded by Daisy W. Okocha, the first woman to ever serve in that office. Title: Supreme Court of India Passage: Supreme court judges retire at the age of 65. However, there have been suggestions from the judges of the Supreme Court of India to provide for a fixed term for the judges including the Chief Justice of India. Title: Eleanor Swift Passage: Upon graduating from Yale Law School, Eleanor Swift clerked for Judge M. Joseph Blumenfeld of the U.S. District Court in Hartford and for Chief Judge David L. Bazelon of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. She then practiced in Houston with the firm of Vinson & Elkins. Title: 1880 New York state election Passage: The 1880 New York state election was held on November 2, 1880, to elect the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly. Title: Indian High Courts Act 1861 Passage: In every High Court, there is a Chief Justice and many other judges whose number is defined by the President of India. Title: Friday Osanebi Passage: Friday Ossai Osanebi (born August 7, 1980) is a Nigerian and a member of the Delta State House of Assembly the Lawmaker representing Ndokwa East Local Government Constituency in the State House of Assembly. Title: R. Banumathi Passage: R. Banumathi (born 20 July 1955) is a judge of the Supreme Court of India. She is from Tamil Nadu and the sixth woman to be a Judge of the Indian Supreme Court. Earlier, she had served as the Chief Justice of Jharkhand High Court and judge at Madras High Court. Title: Richard Bowie Passage: Bowie served as chief judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1861 to 1867. In 1863, he was detained by Confederate general J.E.B. Stuart near Rockville, Maryland, but was released soon thereafter. He later served as chief judge of the sixth judicial circuit of Maryland, and as such also an associate judge of the court of appeals of Maryland, from November 7, 1871 until his death near Rockville. He is interred in Rockville Cemetery. Title: List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India Passage: This is a list of judges of the Supreme Court of India, the highest court in the Republic of India. The list is ordered according to seniority. There are currently 25 judges (including Chief Justice of India) against a maximum possible strength of 31. As per the Constitution of India, judges of the Supreme Court retire at age 65. Title: Mostyn Hanger Passage: Sir (John) Mostyn Hanger (3 January 190811 August 1980) was a judge in the Australian state of Queensland, rising to become Chief Justice and Administrator of the state. Title: Michael J. Barron Passage: Michael J. Barron (born 1933) is the former chief judge of the Milwaukee County Circuit Court and a former member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.	[ "Friday Osanebi", "Rosaline Bozimo" ]
2hop__39063_593388	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the Los Angeles police department. With 9,843 officers and 2,773 civilian staff, it is the third - largest municipal police department in the United States, after the New York City Police Department and the Chicago Police Department. The department serves an area of 498 square miles (1,290 km) and a population of 4,030,904 people.", "title": "Los Angeles Police Department" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem – using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit – allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees. His other contribution was the concept of preventive policing; his police were to act as a highly visible deterrent to crime by their permanent presence on the Thames. Colquhoun's innovations were a critical development leading up to Robert Peel's \"new\" police three decades later.", "title": "Police" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theron S. Copeland (July 30, 1831 – July 8, 1905) was an American law enforcement officer and police captain with the New York City Police Department. He studied military tactics at a military academy and in the National Guard before joining the police force in 1855. Much of his career was spent as a drillmaster and, during the New York Draft Riots in 1863, he was part of the force under Inspector Daniel C. Carpenter who confronted a mob intending to loot the New York financial district and the United States sub-treasury. Copeland was later named in a general address to the police force for displaying \"\"valor and intelligent service\"\" during the riots.", "title": "Theron S. Copeland" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peel, widely regarded as the father of modern policing, was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, who called for a strong and centralized, but politically neutral, police force for the maintenance of social order, for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible deterrent to urban crime and disorder. Peel decided to standardise the police force as an official paid profession, to organise it in a civilian fashion, and to make it answerable to the public.", "title": "Police" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series is set during the early 1950s, in the fictional Cotswold village of Kembleford, where Father Brown, priest at St Mary's Catholic Church, solves murder cases. A bumbling police inspector, who often arrests the wrong suspect, gets annoyed by Father Brown's success.", "title": "Father Brown (2013 TV series)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born Douglas Behl in Elmira, New York, to Jean Melissa \"Missy\" (née Fairbairn) and Martin E. Behl. His father was born in Westphalen, Germany, and came to America as a toddler. His mother was born in Huntsville, Ontario, Canada. His parents moved around a lot, married in Cleveland, Ohio in 1918, they lived in Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. His parents got a divorce when he was a child and he never saw his father again. (His father moved back to New York City and later died in Santa Barbara, California in 1967.) His mother later remarried, to Wesley Hibbard Bunce, and they moved to Coconut Grove, Florida in 1938. After going by Douglas Bunce for a time, although not officially, he legally changed his last name to his mother's maiden name in 1955.", "title": "Douglas Fairbairn" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crnče is a village in the municipality of Bela Palanka, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 64 people. The village has a slight connection with big-serving tennis ace Ivo Karlović as his father came from a nearby farm. Ivo has often returned to the area however since a confrontation with local police over an alleged incident of exposure he has ceased such visits until such time as he receives an official apology and retraction of the allegation.", "title": "Crnče (Bela Palanka)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It came into prominence after 1982 when actress Jane Fonda began to produce a series of aerobics workout videos. In these videos, Fonda would use ``No pain, no gain ''and`` Feel the burn'' as catchphrases for the concept of working out past the point of experiencing muscle aches.", "title": "No pain, no gain" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saint in New York is an American 1938 crime film, directed by Ben Holmes and adapted from Leslie Charteris's novel of the same name by Charles Kaufman and Mortimer Offner. After a police lieutenant is killed, the New York Police Department enlists gentleman criminal Simon Templar to fight criminal elements in the city.", "title": "The Saint in New York (film)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francis J. Banfield (December 1827 – March 4, 1883) was an American soldier, law enforcement officer, police sergeant and founding member of the New York City Police Department \"Steamboat Squad\". Born in England, he emigrated to the United States as a child. He worked as a painter in his youth and later served in the Mexican-American War. He lived in California for a time before returning the New York to join the police force in June 1857.", "title": "Francis J. Banfield" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The word \"police\" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were \"disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression\" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th century, the first use of the word \"police\" recorded in government documents in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798.", "title": "Police" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The show was set and taped in New York City, and with an ensemble cast of characters, the storylines centered on the lives of police officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the firefighters and paramedics of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY), all working the same fictional precinct during the 3 pm to 11 pm shift – the 'third watch'.", "title": "Third Watch" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably with Nicolas Delamare's Traité de la Police (\"Treatise on the Police\"), first published in 1705. The German Polizeiwissenschaft (Science of Police) first theorized by Philipp von Hörnigk a 17th-century Austrian Political economist and civil servant and much more famously by Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi who produced an important theoretical work known as Cameral science on the formulation of police. Foucault cites Magdalene Humpert author of Bibliographie der Kameralwissenschaften (1937) in which the author makes note of a substantial bibliography was produced of over 4000 pieces of the practice of Polizeiwissenschaft however, this maybe a mistranslation of Foucault's own work the actual source of Magdalene Humpert states over 14,000 items were produced from the 16th century dates ranging from 1520-1850.", "title": "Police" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Peel was the second son of Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet, and his first wife Ellen (née Yates). He was the younger brother of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, and the elder brother of Jonathan Peel. He was educated at Harrow and St John's College, Cambridge. Peel sat as Member of Parliament for Bossiney from 1817 to 1818, for Tamworth from 1818 to 1830, 1835 to 1837 and in 1847, for Yarmouth from 1830 to 1831 and for Cambridge University from 1831 to 1832 and served under the Duke of Wellington as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1828 to 1830 and as a Lord of the Treasury under Wellington in 1830 and again under his brother Sir Robert Peel from 1834 to 1835. In 1834 he was admitted to the Privy Council.", "title": "William Yates Peel" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fyansford is a township on the western edge of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, named after Captain Foster Fyans who came to Geelong as a Police magistrate in October, 1837. It is located at the junction of the Barwon and Moorabool rivers.", "title": "Fyansford, Victoria" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis Agassiz who presented a paper proclaiming the Alps were covered in ice at various intervals—a theory he formed when studying rocks near his Neuchâtel home which he believed originated to the west in the Bernese Oberland. Because of his work he came to be known as the \"father of the ice-age concept\" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas.", "title": "Alps" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the initial investment of £4,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and \"on the game.\" The force was a success after its first year, and his men had \"established their worth by saving £122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives.\" Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames. It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in other cities, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney.", "title": "Police" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New Police Story is a 2004 Hong Kong action film produced and directed by Benny Chan, and also produced by and starring Jackie Chan. The film was released in the Hong Kong on 24 September 2004. The film is a reboot of the \"Police Story\" series and is the fifth film in the series. \"New Police Story\" relies much more on drama and heavy action than its predecessors.", "title": "New Police Story" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series was produced by the same company that at the time was producing Australian versions of UK comedy shows \"Father, Dear Father\" and \"Doctor in the House\". The producer of these programs, William G. Stewart, had earlier produced a pilot episode for a UK situation comedy series based on a group of tea ladies and resurrected the concept as \"The Tea Ladies\" in Australia.", "title": "The Tea Ladies" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shark in the Park was a New Zealand television drama series. A police procedural, it revolved around the professional and private lives of a group of officers at a Wellington police station under the command of Inspector Brian \"Sharky\" Finn. The title came from the informal code term used by officers to indicate that the Inspector was about and they should \"look busy\".", "title": "Shark in the Park" } ]	Who is the father of the person who came up with the concept of the "new" police?	Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet	[]	Title: Theron S. Copeland Passage: Theron S. Copeland (July 30, 1831 – July 8, 1905) was an American law enforcement officer and police captain with the New York City Police Department. He studied military tactics at a military academy and in the National Guard before joining the police force in 1855. Much of his career was spent as a drillmaster and, during the New York Draft Riots in 1863, he was part of the force under Inspector Daniel C. Carpenter who confronted a mob intending to loot the New York financial district and the United States sub-treasury. Copeland was later named in a general address to the police force for displaying ""valor and intelligent service"" during the riots. Title: Police Passage: Michel Foucault claims that the contemporary concept of police as a paid and funded functionary of the state was developed by German and French legal scholars and practitioners in Public administration and Statistics in the 17th and early 18th centuries, most notably with Nicolas Delamare's Traité de la Police ("Treatise on the Police"), first published in 1705. The German Polizeiwissenschaft (Science of Police) first theorized by Philipp von Hörnigk a 17th-century Austrian Political economist and civil servant and much more famously by Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi who produced an important theoretical work known as Cameral science on the formulation of police. Foucault cites Magdalene Humpert author of Bibliographie der Kameralwissenschaften (1937) in which the author makes note of a substantial bibliography was produced of over 4000 pieces of the practice of Polizeiwissenschaft however, this maybe a mistranslation of Foucault's own work the actual source of Magdalene Humpert states over 14,000 items were produced from the 16th century dates ranging from 1520-1850. Title: New Police Story Passage: New Police Story is a 2004 Hong Kong action film produced and directed by Benny Chan, and also produced by and starring Jackie Chan. The film was released in the Hong Kong on 24 September 2004. The film is a reboot of the "Police Story" series and is the fifth film in the series. "New Police Story" relies much more on drama and heavy action than its predecessors. Title: Crnče (Bela Palanka) Passage: Crnče is a village in the municipality of Bela Palanka, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 64 people. The village has a slight connection with big-serving tennis ace Ivo Karlović as his father came from a nearby farm. Ivo has often returned to the area however since a confrontation with local police over an alleged incident of exposure he has ceased such visits until such time as he receives an official apology and retraction of the allegation. Title: Police Passage: Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem – using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit – allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried officers prohibited from taking private fees. His other contribution was the concept of preventive policing; his police were to act as a highly visible deterrent to crime by their permanent presence on the Thames. Colquhoun's innovations were a critical development leading up to Robert Peel's "new" police three decades later. Title: No pain, no gain Passage: It came into prominence after 1982 when actress Jane Fonda began to produce a series of aerobics workout videos. In these videos, Fonda would use ``No pain, no gain ''and`` Feel the burn'' as catchphrases for the concept of working out past the point of experiencing muscle aches. Title: Police Passage: With the initial investment of £4,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and "on the game." The force was a success after its first year, and his men had "established their worth by saving £122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives." Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames. It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in other cities, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney. Title: Los Angeles Police Department Passage: The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), officially the City of Los Angeles Police Department, is the Los Angeles police department. With 9,843 officers and 2,773 civilian staff, it is the third - largest municipal police department in the United States, after the New York City Police Department and the Chicago Police Department. The department serves an area of 498 square miles (1,290 km) and a population of 4,030,904 people. Title: Fyansford, Victoria Passage: Fyansford is a township on the western edge of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, named after Captain Foster Fyans who came to Geelong as a Police magistrate in October, 1837. It is located at the junction of the Barwon and Moorabool rivers. Title: Douglas Fairbairn Passage: Born Douglas Behl in Elmira, New York, to Jean Melissa "Missy" (née Fairbairn) and Martin E. Behl. His father was born in Westphalen, Germany, and came to America as a toddler. His mother was born in Huntsville, Ontario, Canada. His parents moved around a lot, married in Cleveland, Ohio in 1918, they lived in Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. His parents got a divorce when he was a child and he never saw his father again. (His father moved back to New York City and later died in Santa Barbara, California in 1967.) His mother later remarried, to Wesley Hibbard Bunce, and they moved to Coconut Grove, Florida in 1938. After going by Douglas Bunce for a time, although not officially, he legally changed his last name to his mother's maiden name in 1955. Title: Third Watch Passage: The show was set and taped in New York City, and with an ensemble cast of characters, the storylines centered on the lives of police officers of the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the firefighters and paramedics of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY), all working the same fictional precinct during the 3 pm to 11 pm shift – the 'third watch'. Title: The Tea Ladies Passage: The series was produced by the same company that at the time was producing Australian versions of UK comedy shows "Father, Dear Father" and "Doctor in the House". The producer of these programs, William G. Stewart, had earlier produced a pilot episode for a UK situation comedy series based on a group of tea ladies and resurrected the concept as "The Tea Ladies" in Australia. Title: The Saint in New York (film) Passage: The Saint in New York is an American 1938 crime film, directed by Ben Holmes and adapted from Leslie Charteris's novel of the same name by Charles Kaufman and Mortimer Offner. After a police lieutenant is killed, the New York Police Department enlists gentleman criminal Simon Templar to fight criminal elements in the city. Title: William Yates Peel Passage: Peel was the second son of Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet, and his first wife Ellen (née Yates). He was the younger brother of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, and the elder brother of Jonathan Peel. He was educated at Harrow and St John's College, Cambridge. Peel sat as Member of Parliament for Bossiney from 1817 to 1818, for Tamworth from 1818 to 1830, 1835 to 1837 and in 1847, for Yarmouth from 1830 to 1831 and for Cambridge University from 1831 to 1832 and served under the Duke of Wellington as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department from 1828 to 1830 and as a Lord of the Treasury under Wellington in 1830 and again under his brother Sir Robert Peel from 1834 to 1835. In 1834 he was admitted to the Privy Council. Title: Father Brown (2013 TV series) Passage: The series is set during the early 1950s, in the fictional Cotswold village of Kembleford, where Father Brown, priest at St Mary's Catholic Church, solves murder cases. A bumbling police inspector, who often arrests the wrong suspect, gets annoyed by Father Brown's success. Title: Alps Passage: In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis Agassiz who presented a paper proclaiming the Alps were covered in ice at various intervals—a theory he formed when studying rocks near his Neuchâtel home which he believed originated to the west in the Bernese Oberland. Because of his work he came to be known as the "father of the ice-age concept" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas. Title: Francis J. Banfield Passage: Francis J. Banfield (December 1827 – March 4, 1883) was an American soldier, law enforcement officer, police sergeant and founding member of the New York City Police Department "Steamboat Squad". Born in England, he emigrated to the United States as a child. He worked as a painter in his youth and later served in the Mexican-American War. He lived in California for a time before returning the New York to join the police force in June 1857. Title: Shark in the Park Passage: Shark in the Park was a New Zealand television drama series. A police procedural, it revolved around the professional and private lives of a group of officers at a Wellington police station under the command of Inspector Brian "Sharky" Finn. The title came from the informal code term used by officers to indicate that the Inspector was about and they should "look busy". Title: Police Passage: Peel, widely regarded as the father of modern policing, was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, who called for a strong and centralized, but politically neutral, police force for the maintenance of social order, for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible deterrent to urban crime and disorder. Peel decided to standardise the police force as an official paid profession, to organise it in a civilian fashion, and to make it answerable to the public. Title: Police Passage: The word "police" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were "disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th century, the first use of the word "police" recorded in government documents in the United Kingdom was the appointment of Commissioners of Police for Scotland in 1714 and the creation of the Marine Police in 1798.	[ "Police", "William Yates Peel" ]
2hop__311931_417706	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label.", "title": "The Main Attraction (album)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rain on the Window is an album by English saxophonist John Surman with organist Howard Moody recorded in 2006 and released on the ECM label.", "title": "Rain on the Window" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Opus de Jazz (subtitled A Hi-Fi Recording for Flute, Vibes, Piano, Bass, Drums) is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1955 and released on the Savoy label.", "title": "Opus de Jazz" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label.", "title": "Groovin' with Golson" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session.", "title": "2 Horns / 2 Rhythm" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, \"The Happy Horns of Clark Terry\".", "title": "It's What's Happenin'" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "Three for Shepp" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Lee Aaron is the self-titled fourth studio album by singer Lee Aaron, released on 17 February 1987 through Attic Records; a remastered edition was reissued in 2002 through Unidisc Music. It is Aaron's third-highest charting album, reaching No. 39 on the Canadian albums chart and remaining on that chart for seventeen weeks, as well as reaching the top 60 in three other countries. Two singles reached the Canadian singles chart: \"Only Human\" at No. 44 and \"Goin' Off the Deep End\" at No. 93.", "title": "Lee Aaron (album)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label.", "title": "More Blues and the Abstract Truth" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Emotional Rain is the seventh studio album by singer Lee Aaron, released on August 3, 1994 through A&M Records (Canada) and in 1995 through Koch Entertainment (Europe); it was later reissued in 2004 through Solid Gold Records.", "title": "Emotional Rain" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label.", "title": "Soundsigns" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn.", "title": "Jazz Contemporary" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label.", "title": "The Jazz Skyline" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967.", "title": "Something Personal" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541.", "title": "Tijuana Jazz" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rain, Hail or Shine, an album by The Battlefield Band, was released in 1998 on the Temple Records label. The total running time is 45:38.", "title": "Rain, Hail or Shine" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Plenty, Plenty Soul is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1957 and released on the Atlantic label.", "title": "Plenty, Plenty Soul" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Waterfalls is a live album by American saxophonist and composer John Klemmer featuring studio enhanced live performances recorded in Los Angeles for the Impulse! label.", "title": "Waterfalls (album)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Fire and Rain ''is a folk rock song written and performed by James Taylor. Released on Warner Bros. Records as a single from his second album, Sweet Baby James, in February 1970, the song follows Taylor's reaction to the suicide of Suzanne Schnerr, a childhood friend, and his experiences with drug addiction and fame. After its release,`` Fire and Rain'' peaked at number two on RPM's Canada Top Singles chart and at number three on the Billboard Hot 100.", "title": "Fire and Rain (song)" } ]	What record label does the performer of Emotional Rain belong to?	Attic Records	[ "Attic" ]	Title: Groovin' with Golson Passage: Groovin' with Golson is the sixth album by saxophonist Benny Golson featuring performances recorded in 1959 and originally released on the New Jazz label. Title: Fire and Rain (song) Passage: ``Fire and Rain ''is a folk rock song written and performed by James Taylor. Released on Warner Bros. Records as a single from his second album, Sweet Baby James, in February 1970, the song follows Taylor's reaction to the suicide of Suzanne Schnerr, a childhood friend, and his experiences with drug addiction and fame. After its release,`` Fire and Rain'' peaked at number two on RPM's Canada Top Singles chart and at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. Title: Tijuana Jazz Passage: Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label. The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541. Title: Lee Aaron (album) Passage: Lee Aaron is the self-titled fourth studio album by singer Lee Aaron, released on 17 February 1987 through Attic Records; a remastered edition was reissued in 2002 through Unidisc Music. It is Aaron's third-highest charting album, reaching No. 39 on the Canadian albums chart and remaining on that chart for seventeen weeks, as well as reaching the top 60 in three other countries. Two singles reached the Canadian singles chart: "Only Human" at No. 44 and "Goin' Off the Deep End" at No. 93. Title: It's What's Happenin' Passage: It's What's Happenin' (subtitled The Varitone Sound of Clark Terry) is an album by American jazz trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1967 for the Impulse! label. Remastered in 2012 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Impulse! Records, it was reissued together with Terry's only other record for the label as a solo leader, "The Happy Horns of Clark Terry". Title: The Jazz Skyline Passage: The Jazz Skyline is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1956 and released on the Savoy label. Title: Jazz Contemporary Passage: Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label. The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn. Title: The Main Attraction (album) Passage: The Main Attraction is an album by American jazz guitarist Grant Green featuring performances recorded in 1976 and released on the Kudu label. Title: Soundsigns Passage: Soundsigns is an album by the American jazz saxophonist Dewey Redman of performances recorded in 1978 for the Galaxy label. Title: Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album) Passage: Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: Opus de Jazz Passage: Opus de Jazz (subtitled A Hi-Fi Recording for Flute, Vibes, Piano, Bass, Drums) is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1955 and released on the Savoy label. Title: Three for Shepp Passage: Three for Shepp is the debut album by American saxophonist Marion Brown featuring performances recorded in 1966 for the Impulse! label. Title: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm Passage: 2 Horns / 2 Rhythm is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances with Ernie Henry recorded in 1957 and released on the Riverside label. This was Henry's last recording session. Title: Plenty, Plenty Soul Passage: Plenty, Plenty Soul is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson featuring performances recorded in 1957 and released on the Atlantic label. Title: Something Personal Passage: Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967. Title: More Blues and the Abstract Truth Passage: More Blues and the Abstract Truth is an album by American jazz composer, conductor and arranger Oliver Nelson featuring performances recorded in 1964 for the Impulse! label. Title: Rain, Hail or Shine Passage: Rain, Hail or Shine, an album by The Battlefield Band, was released in 1998 on the Temple Records label. The total running time is 45:38. Title: Emotional Rain Passage: Emotional Rain is the seventh studio album by singer Lee Aaron, released on August 3, 1994 through A&M Records (Canada) and in 1995 through Koch Entertainment (Europe); it was later reissued in 2004 through Solid Gold Records. Title: Waterfalls (album) Passage: Waterfalls is a live album by American saxophonist and composer John Klemmer featuring studio enhanced live performances recorded in Los Angeles for the Impulse! label. Title: Rain on the Window Passage: Rain on the Window is an album by English saxophonist John Surman with organist Howard Moody recorded in 2006 and released on the ECM label.	[ "Lee Aaron (album)", "Emotional Rain" ]
2hop__865961_159109	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:BT is the entry for Bhutan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:BT" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:AL is the entry for Albania in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:AL" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:JM is the entry for Jamaica in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:JM" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:GA is the entry for Gabon in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:GA" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:CH is the entry for Switzerland in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:CH" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:IN is the entry for India in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:IN" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:DM is the entry for Dominica in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:DM" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:AD is the entry for Andorra in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:AD" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:JP is the entry for Japan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g.provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:JP" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:KM is the entry for the Comoros in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:KM" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:BN is the entry for Brunei in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:BN" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cape Verde ( (listen)) or Cabo Verde ( (listen), ) (Portuguese: Cabo Verde, pronounced [ˈkabu ˈveɾdɨ]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. In ancient times these islands were referred to as \"the Islands of the Blessed\" or the \"Fortunate Isles\". Located 570 kilometres (350 mi) west of the Cape Verde Peninsula off the coast of Northwest Africa, the islands cover a combined area of slightly over 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi).", "title": "Cape Verde" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:BY is the entry for Belarus in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:BY" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:CV is the entry for Cabo Verde in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:CV" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:AI is the entry for Anguilla in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:AI" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:GR is the entry for Greece in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:GR" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:BE is the entry for Belgium in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g. provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:BE" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:GN is the entry for Guinea in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:GN" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:BR is the entry for Brazil in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g. provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:BR" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2:HU is the entry for Hungary in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.", "title": "ISO 3166-2:HU" } ]	Where is the country with ISO code ISO 3166-2:CV located?	central Atlantic Ocean	[ "Atlantic Ocean", "Atlantic" ]	Title: ISO 3166-2:CV Passage: ISO 3166-2:CV is the entry for Cabo Verde in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:AD Passage: ISO 3166-2:AD is the entry for Andorra in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:BE Passage: ISO 3166-2:BE is the entry for Belgium in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g. provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:DM Passage: ISO 3166-2:DM is the entry for Dominica in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:BY Passage: ISO 3166-2:BY is the entry for Belarus in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:IN Passage: ISO 3166-2:IN is the entry for India in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:GN Passage: ISO 3166-2:GN is the entry for Guinea in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:CH Passage: ISO 3166-2:CH is the entry for Switzerland in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:BR Passage: ISO 3166-2:BR is the entry for Brazil in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g. provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:JP Passage: ISO 3166-2:JP is the entry for Japan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g.provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:JM Passage: ISO 3166-2:JM is the entry for Jamaica in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: Cape Verde Passage: Cape Verde ( (listen)) or Cabo Verde ( (listen), ) (Portuguese: Cabo Verde, pronounced [ˈkabu ˈveɾdɨ]), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean. It forms part of the Macaronesia ecoregion, along with the Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, and the Savage Isles. In ancient times these islands were referred to as "the Islands of the Blessed" or the "Fortunate Isles". Located 570 kilometres (350 mi) west of the Cape Verde Peninsula off the coast of Northwest Africa, the islands cover a combined area of slightly over 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi). Title: ISO 3166-2:BN Passage: ISO 3166-2:BN is the entry for Brunei in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:AI Passage: ISO 3166-2:AI is the entry for Anguilla in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:KM Passage: ISO 3166-2:KM is the entry for the Comoros in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:BT Passage: ISO 3166-2:BT is the entry for Bhutan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:AL Passage: ISO 3166-2:AL is the entry for Albania in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:GA Passage: ISO 3166-2:GA is the entry for Gabon in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:GR Passage: ISO 3166-2:GR is the entry for Greece in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. Title: ISO 3166-2:HU Passage: ISO 3166-2:HU is the entry for Hungary in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.	[ "Cape Verde", "ISO 3166-2:CV" ]
2hop__818692_113442	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chambermaid EP has been considered as a single from the album \"Enchant\" by Emilie Autumn, even though it was released prior to the album. Most tracks were released on different albums. This was released with Autumn's own label, Traitor, which no longer exists. For that reason, \"Chambermaid\" is no longer in print.", "title": "Chambermaid (EP)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mozart wrote the Mass in G major at the age of 12. It was however neither his first setting of a part of the mass ordinary — two years earlier he had already composed a Kyrie (K. 33) —, nor was it his largest composition with a religious theme up to date: his sacred musical play \"Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots\" had been premiered in the previous year.", "title": "Mass in G major, K. 49" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Scott Gross is an American musician, guitarist, composer, producer, audio engineer and writer known as a member of the band From Autumn To Ashes and owner and founder of Hit And Run Studios in Long Island, New York. Before From Autumn To Ashes he was in a local band called Who's To Blame with Francis Mark. Gross was one of the songwriters in From Autumn To Ashes and also wrote lyrics for the first two albums along with Perri and Mark.", "title": "Scott Gross" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lakshminath Bezbaroa has however confirmed in his auto-biography that he was born in the autumn on a full-moon night, on which \"\"Lakhmi Puja\"\" ( A Hindu festival of worship of Goddess Lakhmi) is celebrated in India, and to mark the coincidence, he was named by his parents as \"\"Lakshminath\"\" ( A name for Vishnu, the Hindu God and husband of Goddess Lakhmi). This autumn-festival celebrated in the full-moon of Ashvin usually falls in the month of October in any year. As per a NASA web-site data, there was only one full-moon day in the month of November 1868 and that was on 30th but that was not the day of celebration of \"Lakshmi puja\" in that year. Presently, the Assam Sahitya Sabha has settled on a date \"14th October,1864\", that was a full-moon night of Lakshmi Puja in India,for his date of birth.", "title": "Lakshminath Bezbaroa" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas is a video game developed by n-Space and published by Fox Interactive for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation in 2000. It is a sequel to \"Die Hard Trilogy\", which was based on the \"Die Hard\" series of action movies. Like its predecessor, the game features three distinct genres; a third-person shooter, a light gun game, and an action driving game. However, unlike \"Die Hard Trilogy\", which featured three separate storylines based on the first three \"Die Hard\" films, \"Die Hard Trilogy 2\" features a single original storyline that alternates between the three genres throughout the levels.", "title": "Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The die is a negative image of the glass master: typically, several are made, depending on the number of pressing mills that are to make the CD. The die then goes into a press, and the physical image is transferred to the blank CD, leaving a final positive image on the disc. A small amount of lacquer is applied as a ring around the center of the disc, and rapid spinning spreads it evenly over the surface. Edge protection lacquer is applied before the disc is finished. The disc can then be printed and packed.", "title": "Compact disc" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wiehre (preceded in German with the definite article \"die:\" \"\"die Wiehre\"\") is a residential district at the edge of Freiburg im Breisgau, located southwards and across the River Dreisam from the Old City. It is a desirable district, with comparatively quiet streets and many well-preserved commercial and residential buildings dating from the 18th century and earlier. Housing there is expensive relative to the rest of the city. The Wiehre is bordered on the west by the Rheintalbahn Karlsruhe-Basel, on the north by the Dreisam, on the east by the Waldsee (another district of Freiburg), and on the south by a wood known as the Sternwald am Bromberg and the village of Günterstal (which also belongs to Freiburg). The Günterstal Landstrasse, which begins at the St. Martin's Gate in the ancient town wall, bisects the Wiehre.", "title": "Wiehre" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ophrys apifera grows to a height of 15 -- 50 centimetres (6 -- 20 in). This hardy orchid develops small rosettes of leaves in autumn. They continue to grow slowly during winter. Basal leaves are ovate or oblong - lanceolate, upper leaves and bracts are ovate - lanceolate and sheathing. The plant blooms from mid-April to July producing a spike composed from one to twelve flowers. The flowers have large sepals, with a central green rib and their colour varies from white to pink, while petals are short, pubescent, yellow to greenish. The labellum is trilobed, with two pronounced humps on the hairy lateral lobes, the median lobe is hairy and similar to the abdomen of a bee. It is quite variable in the pattern of coloration, but usually brownish - red with yellow markings. The gynostegium is at right angles, with an elongated apex.", "title": "Ophrys apifera" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Frederick ``Chuck ''Hughes (March 2, 1943 -- October 24, 1971) was an American football player, a wide receiver in the National Football League from 1967 to 1971. He is, to date, the only NFL player to die on the field during a game.", "title": "Chuck Hughes" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Opposite sides of a modern die traditionally add up to seven, implying that the 1, 2 and 3 faces share a vertex. The faces of a die may be placed clockwise or counterclockwise about this vertex. If the 1, 2 and 3 faces run counterclockwise, the die is called ``right - handed '', and if those faces run clockwise, the die is called`` left - handed''. Western dice are normally right - handed, and Chinese dice are normally left - handed.", "title": "Dice" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "March of the Penguins (French La Marche de l'empereur ; ) is a 2005 French feature-length nature documentary directed and co-written by Luc Jacquet, and co-produced by Bonne Pioche and the National Geographic Society. The documentary depicts the yearly journey of the emperor penguins of Antarctica. In autumn, all the penguins of breeding age (five years old and over) leave the ocean, which is their normal habitat, to walk inland to their ancestral breeding grounds. There, the penguins participate in a courtship that, if successful, results in the hatching of a chick. For the chick to survive, both parents must make multiple arduous journeys between the ocean and the breeding grounds over the ensuing months.", "title": "March of the Penguins" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael T. Scott is an American comedy writer, animation director and creator of the Happy Fatties online cartoon series, which has been featured on several notable web video sites including, YouTube, Dailymotion, Yahoo! Video, Openfilm, Animation World Network, Crackle, Aniboom, Funny or Die and Newgrounds.", "title": "Michael T. Scott" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet ( , ; 8 June 1829 – 13 August 1896) was an English painter and illustrator who was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He was a child prodigy who, aged eleven, became the youngest student to enter the Royal Academy Schools. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded at his family home in London, at 83 Gower Street (now number 7). Millais became the most famous exponent of the style, his painting \"Christ in the House of His Parents\" (1850) generating considerable controversy, and painting perhaps the embodiment of the school, \"Ophelia\", in 1850-51.", "title": "John Everett Millais" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Once the ship's frame had been built, it was normal to cover it up and leave it for several months to allow the wood to dry out or ``season ''. The end of the Seven Years' War meant that Victory remained in this condition for nearly three years, which helped her subsequent longevity. Work restarted in autumn 1763 and she was launched on 7 May 1765, having cost £63,176 and 3 shillings, the equivalent of £7.79 million today. Around 6,000 trees were used in her construction, of which 90% were oak and the remainder elm, pine and fir, together with a small quantity of lignum vitae.", "title": "HMS Victory" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally, co-creator Sam Rolfe wanted to leave the meaning of U.N.C.L.E. ambiguous so it could refer to either ``Uncle Sam ''or the United Nations. Concerns by Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer's (MGM) legal department about using`` U.N.'' for commercial purposes resulted in the producers' clarification that U.N.C.L.E. was an acronym for the United Network Command for Law and Enforcement. Each episode had an ``acknowledgement ''to the U.N.C.L.E. in the end titles.", "title": "The Man from U.N.C.L.E." }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News.", "title": "Meet the Press" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The equinoxes, along with solstices, are directly related to the seasons of the year. In the northern hemisphere, the vernal equinox (March) conventionally marks the beginning of spring in most cultures and is considered the start of the New Year in Hindu calendar and the Persian calendar or Iranian calendars as Nowruz (means new day), while the autumnal equinox (September) marks the beginning of autumn.", "title": "Equinox" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rutting season occurs in autumn when the does come into estrus for a period lasting only several days. Males exhibit aggressive behavior in competing for mates. Does begin estrus again if they do not become pregnant. The gestation period is about 200 days, with fawns arriving in the spring; the young remain with mothers throughout the summer and are weaned in the autumn. The buck's antlers fall off in the winter, and commence growing once more in spring in anticipation of next autumn's rut.", "title": "California mule deer" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In North America, traditionally autumn starts on September 21 and ends on December 21. It is considered to start with the September equinox (21 to 24 September) and end with the winter solstice (21 or 22 December). Popular culture in the United States associates Labor Day, the first Monday in September, as the end of summer and the start of autumn; certain summer traditions, such as wearing white, are discouraged after that date. As daytime and nighttime temperatures decrease, trees shed their leaves. In traditional East Asian solar term, autumn starts on or around 8 August and ends on or about 7 November. In Ireland, the autumn months according to the national meteorological service, Met Éireann, are September, October and November. However, according to the Irish Calendar, which is based on ancient Gaelic traditions, autumn lasts throughout the months of August, September and October, or possibly a few days later, depending on tradition. In Australia and New Zealand, autumn officially begins on 1 March and ends on 31 May.", "title": "Autumn" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Autumn Leaves (1856) is a painting by John Everett Millais exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1856. It was described by the critic John Ruskin as \"the first instance of a perfectly painted twilight.\" Millais' wife Effie wrote that he had intended to create a picture that was \"full of beauty and without a subject\".", "title": "Autumn Leaves (painting)" } ]	What date did the creator of Autumn Leaves die?	13 August 1896	[]	Title: Autumn Leaves (painting) Passage: Autumn Leaves (1856) is a painting by John Everett Millais exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1856. It was described by the critic John Ruskin as "the first instance of a perfectly painted twilight." Millais' wife Effie wrote that he had intended to create a picture that was "full of beauty and without a subject". Title: Meet the Press Passage: The program has been hosted by 12 different moderators to date, beginning with creator Martha Rountree. The show's moderator since 2014 is Chuck Todd, who also serves as political director for NBC News. Title: Autumn Passage: In North America, traditionally autumn starts on September 21 and ends on December 21. It is considered to start with the September equinox (21 to 24 September) and end with the winter solstice (21 or 22 December). Popular culture in the United States associates Labor Day, the first Monday in September, as the end of summer and the start of autumn; certain summer traditions, such as wearing white, are discouraged after that date. As daytime and nighttime temperatures decrease, trees shed their leaves. In traditional East Asian solar term, autumn starts on or around 8 August and ends on or about 7 November. In Ireland, the autumn months according to the national meteorological service, Met Éireann, are September, October and November. However, according to the Irish Calendar, which is based on ancient Gaelic traditions, autumn lasts throughout the months of August, September and October, or possibly a few days later, depending on tradition. In Australia and New Zealand, autumn officially begins on 1 March and ends on 31 May. Title: Dice Passage: Opposite sides of a modern die traditionally add up to seven, implying that the 1, 2 and 3 faces share a vertex. The faces of a die may be placed clockwise or counterclockwise about this vertex. If the 1, 2 and 3 faces run counterclockwise, the die is called ``right - handed '', and if those faces run clockwise, the die is called`` left - handed''. Western dice are normally right - handed, and Chinese dice are normally left - handed. Title: March of the Penguins Passage: March of the Penguins (French La Marche de l'empereur ; ) is a 2005 French feature-length nature documentary directed and co-written by Luc Jacquet, and co-produced by Bonne Pioche and the National Geographic Society. The documentary depicts the yearly journey of the emperor penguins of Antarctica. In autumn, all the penguins of breeding age (five years old and over) leave the ocean, which is their normal habitat, to walk inland to their ancestral breeding grounds. There, the penguins participate in a courtship that, if successful, results in the hatching of a chick. For the chick to survive, both parents must make multiple arduous journeys between the ocean and the breeding grounds over the ensuing months. Title: Ophrys apifera Passage: Ophrys apifera grows to a height of 15 -- 50 centimetres (6 -- 20 in). This hardy orchid develops small rosettes of leaves in autumn. They continue to grow slowly during winter. Basal leaves are ovate or oblong - lanceolate, upper leaves and bracts are ovate - lanceolate and sheathing. The plant blooms from mid-April to July producing a spike composed from one to twelve flowers. The flowers have large sepals, with a central green rib and their colour varies from white to pink, while petals are short, pubescent, yellow to greenish. The labellum is trilobed, with two pronounced humps on the hairy lateral lobes, the median lobe is hairy and similar to the abdomen of a bee. It is quite variable in the pattern of coloration, but usually brownish - red with yellow markings. The gynostegium is at right angles, with an elongated apex. Title: Scott Gross Passage: Scott Gross is an American musician, guitarist, composer, producer, audio engineer and writer known as a member of the band From Autumn To Ashes and owner and founder of Hit And Run Studios in Long Island, New York. Before From Autumn To Ashes he was in a local band called Who's To Blame with Francis Mark. Gross was one of the songwriters in From Autumn To Ashes and also wrote lyrics for the first two albums along with Perri and Mark. Title: Equinox Passage: The equinoxes, along with solstices, are directly related to the seasons of the year. In the northern hemisphere, the vernal equinox (March) conventionally marks the beginning of spring in most cultures and is considered the start of the New Year in Hindu calendar and the Persian calendar or Iranian calendars as Nowruz (means new day), while the autumnal equinox (September) marks the beginning of autumn. Title: Mass in G major, K. 49 Passage: Mozart wrote the Mass in G major at the age of 12. It was however neither his first setting of a part of the mass ordinary — two years earlier he had already composed a Kyrie (K. 33) —, nor was it his largest composition with a religious theme up to date: his sacred musical play "Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots" had been premiered in the previous year. Title: HMS Victory Passage: Once the ship's frame had been built, it was normal to cover it up and leave it for several months to allow the wood to dry out or ``season ''. The end of the Seven Years' War meant that Victory remained in this condition for nearly three years, which helped her subsequent longevity. Work restarted in autumn 1763 and she was launched on 7 May 1765, having cost £63,176 and 3 shillings, the equivalent of £7.79 million today. Around 6,000 trees were used in her construction, of which 90% were oak and the remainder elm, pine and fir, together with a small quantity of lignum vitae. Title: The Man from U.N.C.L.E. Passage: Originally, co-creator Sam Rolfe wanted to leave the meaning of U.N.C.L.E. ambiguous so it could refer to either ``Uncle Sam ''or the United Nations. Concerns by Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer's (MGM) legal department about using`` U.N.'' for commercial purposes resulted in the producers' clarification that U.N.C.L.E. was an acronym for the United Network Command for Law and Enforcement. Each episode had an ``acknowledgement ''to the U.N.C.L.E. in the end titles. Title: Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas Passage: Die Hard Trilogy 2: Viva Las Vegas is a video game developed by n-Space and published by Fox Interactive for Microsoft Windows and PlayStation in 2000. It is a sequel to "Die Hard Trilogy", which was based on the "Die Hard" series of action movies. Like its predecessor, the game features three distinct genres; a third-person shooter, a light gun game, and an action driving game. However, unlike "Die Hard Trilogy", which featured three separate storylines based on the first three "Die Hard" films, "Die Hard Trilogy 2" features a single original storyline that alternates between the three genres throughout the levels. Title: Michael T. Scott Passage: Michael T. Scott is an American comedy writer, animation director and creator of the Happy Fatties online cartoon series, which has been featured on several notable web video sites including, YouTube, Dailymotion, Yahoo! Video, Openfilm, Animation World Network, Crackle, Aniboom, Funny or Die and Newgrounds. Title: Chuck Hughes Passage: Charles Frederick ``Chuck ''Hughes (March 2, 1943 -- October 24, 1971) was an American football player, a wide receiver in the National Football League from 1967 to 1971. He is, to date, the only NFL player to die on the field during a game. Title: Lakshminath Bezbaroa Passage: Lakshminath Bezbaroa has however confirmed in his auto-biography that he was born in the autumn on a full-moon night, on which ""Lakhmi Puja"" ( A Hindu festival of worship of Goddess Lakhmi) is celebrated in India, and to mark the coincidence, he was named by his parents as ""Lakshminath"" ( A name for Vishnu, the Hindu God and husband of Goddess Lakhmi). This autumn-festival celebrated in the full-moon of Ashvin usually falls in the month of October in any year. As per a NASA web-site data, there was only one full-moon day in the month of November 1868 and that was on 30th but that was not the day of celebration of "Lakshmi puja" in that year. Presently, the Assam Sahitya Sabha has settled on a date "14th October,1864", that was a full-moon night of Lakshmi Puja in India,for his date of birth. Title: Chambermaid (EP) Passage: Chambermaid EP has been considered as a single from the album "Enchant" by Emilie Autumn, even though it was released prior to the album. Most tracks were released on different albums. This was released with Autumn's own label, Traitor, which no longer exists. For that reason, "Chambermaid" is no longer in print. Title: Wiehre Passage: Wiehre (preceded in German with the definite article "die:" ""die Wiehre"") is a residential district at the edge of Freiburg im Breisgau, located southwards and across the River Dreisam from the Old City. It is a desirable district, with comparatively quiet streets and many well-preserved commercial and residential buildings dating from the 18th century and earlier. Housing there is expensive relative to the rest of the city. The Wiehre is bordered on the west by the Rheintalbahn Karlsruhe-Basel, on the north by the Dreisam, on the east by the Waldsee (another district of Freiburg), and on the south by a wood known as the Sternwald am Bromberg and the village of Günterstal (which also belongs to Freiburg). The Günterstal Landstrasse, which begins at the St. Martin's Gate in the ancient town wall, bisects the Wiehre. Title: John Everett Millais Passage: Sir John Everett Millais, 1st Baronet ( , ; 8 June 1829 – 13 August 1896) was an English painter and illustrator who was one of the founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. He was a child prodigy who, aged eleven, became the youngest student to enter the Royal Academy Schools. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was founded at his family home in London, at 83 Gower Street (now number 7). Millais became the most famous exponent of the style, his painting "Christ in the House of His Parents" (1850) generating considerable controversy, and painting perhaps the embodiment of the school, "Ophelia", in 1850-51. Title: California mule deer Passage: Rutting season occurs in autumn when the does come into estrus for a period lasting only several days. Males exhibit aggressive behavior in competing for mates. Does begin estrus again if they do not become pregnant. The gestation period is about 200 days, with fawns arriving in the spring; the young remain with mothers throughout the summer and are weaned in the autumn. The buck's antlers fall off in the winter, and commence growing once more in spring in anticipation of next autumn's rut. Title: Compact disc Passage: The die is a negative image of the glass master: typically, several are made, depending on the number of pressing mills that are to make the CD. The die then goes into a press, and the physical image is transferred to the blank CD, leaving a final positive image on the disc. A small amount of lacquer is applied as a ring around the center of the disc, and rapid spinning spreads it evenly over the surface. Edge protection lacquer is applied before the disc is finished. The disc can then be printed and packed.	[ "John Everett Millais", "Autumn Leaves (painting)" ]
2hop__204146_850295	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Steve Condos (October 12, 1918September 16, 1990) was an American tap dancer. He was a member of the Condos Brothers, with siblings Nick and Frank.", "title": "Steve Condos" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Catherine of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (10 December 1661 – 27 May 1720), was the daughter of Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Countess Elsa Elisabeth Brahe of Wisingsborg, cousin of Charles XI of Sweden and the sister of Adolph John II, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken. She is foremost known for the scandal involving herself and her siblings, when she, after a long ongoing conflict in 1686-88, escaped from the authority of her parents.", "title": "Catherine of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (1661–1720)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bee Gees' younger brother Andy now followed his older siblings into a music career and enjoyed considerable success. Produced by Barry, Andy Gibb's first three singles all topped the US charts.", "title": "Bee Gees" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series centers on the fictional characters of the Russo family, which includes Alex (Selena Gomez), her older brother Justin (David Henrie) and their younger brother Max (Jake T. Austin). The three Russo siblings are wizards in training and live with their Italian - American father Jerry (David DeLuise), a former wizard, and their Mexican - American mother, Theresa (Maria Canals Barrera) who is a mortal. Alex's best friend Harper (Jennifer Stone) also found out about the Russos' wizard powers in season 2. The siblings have to keep their secret safe while living in the mortal world. When they become adults, the three siblings will have a wizard competition to decide who will become the family wizard of their generation and keep his or her wizard powers. Harper used to have a crush on Justin, but now is in love with Justin's best friend, Zeke, who finds out about the Russo's wizard powers in season 4. Alex Russo (Selena Gomez) and Justin Russo (David Henrie) are the only characters to appear in every episode of the series.", "title": "List of Wizards of Waverly Place characters" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sanjib Chandra was born to an orthodox Brahmin family at Kanthalpara, North 24 Parganas. He was educated at Hooghly Mohsin College founded by Bengali philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and Presidency College, Calcutta. He was one of the first graduates of the University of Calcutta.", "title": "Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gregory grew up in a small town by the sea near Los Angeles with her parents and two younger siblings. Gregory is a popular author of children's historical fiction, including several for the Dear America and Royal Diaries series. She lives in Idaho with her husband near her grown children.", "title": "Kristiana Gregory" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cordelia Frost is the younger sister of Emma and Adrienne Frost, as well as being the youngest of the four Frost siblings. She was regarded by her parents as being the \"lost\" one in the family, and as such she rebelled by dressing in black, having sullen, sulky moods and being argumentative.", "title": "Cordelia Frost" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daughters of Pharmacist Kim () is a 1963 South Korean film by Yu Hyun-mok portraying sibling rivalry and the troubled marriages of four sisters. In 2005, the film was adapted as an MBC television series.", "title": "Daughters of Pharmacist Kim" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kapalkundala (), also known as Mrinmoyee, is a Bengali romance novel by Indian writer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Published in 1866, it is a story of a forest-dwelling girl named Kapalkundala, who fell in love and got married to Nabakumar, a young gentleman from Saptagram, but eventually found that she is unable to adjust herself with the city life. Following the success of Chattopadhyay’s first novel \"Durgeshnandini\", he decided to write about a girl who is brought up in a remote forest by a Kapalika (Tantrik sage) and never saw anyone but her foster-father. The story is set in Dariapur, Contai in modern-day Purba Medinipur district, Paschimbanga (West Bengal) where Chattopadhyay served as a Deputy Magistrate and Deputy Collector.", "title": "Kapalkundala" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as \"a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant.\" Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as \"a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved\".", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Jacob Hess was born in Wald, Zurich, Switzerland on May 17, 1584 to Hans Heinrich Hess, a bailiff, (1534–1587) and Adelheid Kuntz (1546–1585). He had eight older full siblings: Margaretha, Christian, Matheus, Hans, Elsy, Margaretha, Heinrich, and Dorothea; five older half-siblings from his father's first two marriages: Adelheid, Barbara, Veronica, Catharina and Anna; and one younger half-brother, Hans, from his father's fourth marriage.", "title": "Hans Jacob Hess" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When a virus that is carried by rainfall wipes out almost all humans in Scandinavia, Danish siblings Simone and Rasmus take shelter in a bunker. Six years later, they emerge to search for their father, a scientist who left them in the bunker but never returned. Along the way they join a group of young survivors and together they travel across Denmark and Sweden, searching for a safe place, and for the siblings' father, who may be able to provide the answers and the cure.", "title": "The Rain (TV series)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Several Babitzin siblings are established musicians in their own right. In 1978, Kirka released a duet album with sister Anna; the next year, another sister Marija (\"Muska\") joined in.", "title": "Kirka" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Kaonohiokala Bray was born 05 Mar 1889 in Honolulu, Kingdom of Hawaii, to Missionary David Howard Hitchcock (1832–1899) and Hana Bray (-1889). Hana died when he was six months old so David had no full siblings, but there were five half siblings from his father's previous marriage to Almeda Eliza Widger (1828–1895): noted American painter D. Howard Hitchcock (1861 – 1943), Ella Marian Hitchcock (1858 – 1950), Cora Etta Hitchcock (1859 – 1951), Almeda Eliza Hitchcock (1863 – 1895), and Charles Henry Wetmore Hitchcock (1868 – 1940).", "title": "David Kaonohiokala Bray" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The daughter of the Australians Bill and Deborah Kellaway, she is the older sister of the journalist Lucy Kellaway. Both siblings were educated at the Camden School for Girls, where their mother was a teacher, and at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where Kate Kellaway read English.", "title": "Kate Kellaway" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kunigunde of Poland (c. 1298 – 9 April 1331) was a daughter of Władysław I the Elbow-high and his wife Jadwiga of Greater Poland. Her siblings included, Casimir III of Poland and Elisabeth, Queen of Hungary. She was a member of the House of Piast.", "title": "Kunigunde of Poland" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zhen Zhen () is a female giant panda born on August 3, 2007 to Bai Yun and Gao Gao at the San Diego Zoo. Her name means \"Precious\". She is Bai Yun's fourth cub, and Gao Gao's third. Zhen Zhen has one half sibling, Hua Mei, and four full siblings, Mei Sheng, Su Lin, Yun Zi, and Xiao Liwu. Like her full siblings, Zhen Zhen was conceived via natural mating.", "title": "Zhen Zhen" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "About Adam is a 2000 romantic comedy film written and directed by Gerard Stembridge. The screenplay focuses on the effect a seductive young man has on four siblings.", "title": "About Adam" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Assaf (Assi) Dayan was the youngest son of Israeli general and defense minister Moshe Dayan and peace activist Ruth Dayan (née Schwartz). He had two siblings: politician and author Yael Dayan, born 1939, and sculptor Ehud (Udi) Dayan, born 1942. After military service and studying philosophy and English literature at Hebrew University, Dayan embarked on a career as film actor, which eventually also led to directing.", "title": "Assi Dayan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlotte Brooke, (c. 1740 – 1793), born in Rantavan, beside Mullagh in County Cavan, Ireland, was the author of \"Reliques of Irish Poetry\", a pioneering volume of poems collected by her in the Irish language, with facing translations. She was one of twenty-two children fathered by the writer Henry Brooke, author of \"Gustavus Vasa\"; only she (and perhaps one other sibling) survived childhood.", "title": "Charlotte Brooke" } ]	Who is the sibling of the author of Kapalkundala?	Sanjib Chandra	[ "Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay" ]	Title: Kate Kellaway Passage: The daughter of the Australians Bill and Deborah Kellaway, she is the older sister of the journalist Lucy Kellaway. Both siblings were educated at the Camden School for Girls, where their mother was a teacher, and at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where Kate Kellaway read English. Title: Kunigunde of Poland Passage: Kunigunde of Poland (c. 1298 – 9 April 1331) was a daughter of Władysław I the Elbow-high and his wife Jadwiga of Greater Poland. Her siblings included, Casimir III of Poland and Elisabeth, Queen of Hungary. She was a member of the House of Piast. Title: Elizabeth II Passage: Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant." Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as "a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved". Title: Assi Dayan Passage: Assaf (Assi) Dayan was the youngest son of Israeli general and defense minister Moshe Dayan and peace activist Ruth Dayan (née Schwartz). He had two siblings: politician and author Yael Dayan, born 1939, and sculptor Ehud (Udi) Dayan, born 1942. After military service and studying philosophy and English literature at Hebrew University, Dayan embarked on a career as film actor, which eventually also led to directing. Title: David Kaonohiokala Bray Passage: David Kaonohiokala Bray was born 05 Mar 1889 in Honolulu, Kingdom of Hawaii, to Missionary David Howard Hitchcock (1832–1899) and Hana Bray (-1889). Hana died when he was six months old so David had no full siblings, but there were five half siblings from his father's previous marriage to Almeda Eliza Widger (1828–1895): noted American painter D. Howard Hitchcock (1861 – 1943), Ella Marian Hitchcock (1858 – 1950), Cora Etta Hitchcock (1859 – 1951), Almeda Eliza Hitchcock (1863 – 1895), and Charles Henry Wetmore Hitchcock (1868 – 1940). Title: Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay Passage: Sanjib Chandra was born to an orthodox Brahmin family at Kanthalpara, North 24 Parganas. He was educated at Hooghly Mohsin College founded by Bengali philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and Presidency College, Calcutta. He was one of the first graduates of the University of Calcutta. Title: Catherine of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (1661–1720) Passage: Catherine of Pfalz-Zweibrücken (10 December 1661 – 27 May 1720), was the daughter of Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Countess Elsa Elisabeth Brahe of Wisingsborg, cousin of Charles XI of Sweden and the sister of Adolph John II, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken. She is foremost known for the scandal involving herself and her siblings, when she, after a long ongoing conflict in 1686-88, escaped from the authority of her parents. Title: List of Wizards of Waverly Place characters Passage: The series centers on the fictional characters of the Russo family, which includes Alex (Selena Gomez), her older brother Justin (David Henrie) and their younger brother Max (Jake T. Austin). The three Russo siblings are wizards in training and live with their Italian - American father Jerry (David DeLuise), a former wizard, and their Mexican - American mother, Theresa (Maria Canals Barrera) who is a mortal. Alex's best friend Harper (Jennifer Stone) also found out about the Russos' wizard powers in season 2. The siblings have to keep their secret safe while living in the mortal world. When they become adults, the three siblings will have a wizard competition to decide who will become the family wizard of their generation and keep his or her wizard powers. Harper used to have a crush on Justin, but now is in love with Justin's best friend, Zeke, who finds out about the Russo's wizard powers in season 4. Alex Russo (Selena Gomez) and Justin Russo (David Henrie) are the only characters to appear in every episode of the series. Title: Kristiana Gregory Passage: Gregory grew up in a small town by the sea near Los Angeles with her parents and two younger siblings. Gregory is a popular author of children's historical fiction, including several for the Dear America and Royal Diaries series. She lives in Idaho with her husband near her grown children. Title: Hans Jacob Hess Passage: John Jacob Hess was born in Wald, Zurich, Switzerland on May 17, 1584 to Hans Heinrich Hess, a bailiff, (1534–1587) and Adelheid Kuntz (1546–1585). He had eight older full siblings: Margaretha, Christian, Matheus, Hans, Elsy, Margaretha, Heinrich, and Dorothea; five older half-siblings from his father's first two marriages: Adelheid, Barbara, Veronica, Catharina and Anna; and one younger half-brother, Hans, from his father's fourth marriage. Title: Bee Gees Passage: The Bee Gees' younger brother Andy now followed his older siblings into a music career and enjoyed considerable success. Produced by Barry, Andy Gibb's first three singles all topped the US charts. Title: Zhen Zhen Passage: Zhen Zhen () is a female giant panda born on August 3, 2007 to Bai Yun and Gao Gao at the San Diego Zoo. Her name means "Precious". She is Bai Yun's fourth cub, and Gao Gao's third. Zhen Zhen has one half sibling, Hua Mei, and four full siblings, Mei Sheng, Su Lin, Yun Zi, and Xiao Liwu. Like her full siblings, Zhen Zhen was conceived via natural mating. Title: About Adam Passage: About Adam is a 2000 romantic comedy film written and directed by Gerard Stembridge. The screenplay focuses on the effect a seductive young man has on four siblings. Title: Steve Condos Passage: Steve Condos (October 12, 1918September 16, 1990) was an American tap dancer. He was a member of the Condos Brothers, with siblings Nick and Frank. Title: Kirka Passage: Several Babitzin siblings are established musicians in their own right. In 1978, Kirka released a duet album with sister Anna; the next year, another sister Marija ("Muska") joined in. Title: Cordelia Frost Passage: Cordelia Frost is the younger sister of Emma and Adrienne Frost, as well as being the youngest of the four Frost siblings. She was regarded by her parents as being the "lost" one in the family, and as such she rebelled by dressing in black, having sullen, sulky moods and being argumentative. Title: The Rain (TV series) Passage: When a virus that is carried by rainfall wipes out almost all humans in Scandinavia, Danish siblings Simone and Rasmus take shelter in a bunker. Six years later, they emerge to search for their father, a scientist who left them in the bunker but never returned. Along the way they join a group of young survivors and together they travel across Denmark and Sweden, searching for a safe place, and for the siblings' father, who may be able to provide the answers and the cure. Title: Daughters of Pharmacist Kim Passage: Daughters of Pharmacist Kim () is a 1963 South Korean film by Yu Hyun-mok portraying sibling rivalry and the troubled marriages of four sisters. In 2005, the film was adapted as an MBC television series. Title: Charlotte Brooke Passage: Charlotte Brooke, (c. 1740 – 1793), born in Rantavan, beside Mullagh in County Cavan, Ireland, was the author of "Reliques of Irish Poetry", a pioneering volume of poems collected by her in the Irish language, with facing translations. She was one of twenty-two children fathered by the writer Henry Brooke, author of "Gustavus Vasa"; only she (and perhaps one other sibling) survived childhood. Title: Kapalkundala Passage: Kapalkundala (), also known as Mrinmoyee, is a Bengali romance novel by Indian writer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Published in 1866, it is a story of a forest-dwelling girl named Kapalkundala, who fell in love and got married to Nabakumar, a young gentleman from Saptagram, but eventually found that she is unable to adjust herself with the city life. Following the success of Chattopadhyay’s first novel "Durgeshnandini", he decided to write about a girl who is brought up in a remote forest by a Kapalika (Tantrik sage) and never saw anyone but her foster-father. The story is set in Dariapur, Contai in modern-day Purba Medinipur district, Paschimbanga (West Bengal) where Chattopadhyay served as a Deputy Magistrate and Deputy Collector.	[ "Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay", "Kapalkundala" ]
2hop__497191_129669	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fundamental Rights are defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, applied irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed, or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the framing of laws by the government. These provisions, set out in Part IV of the Constitution, are not enforceable by the courts, but the principles on which they are based are fundamental guidelines for governance that the State is expected to apply in framing policies and passing laws.", "title": "Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Suntrana is an unincorporated community in eastern Denali Borough, Alaska, United States. It is located within the census-designated place of Healy.", "title": "Suntrana, Alaska" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hilda Crosby Standish (1902 – June 1, 2005) was a pioneer in the birth control movement in the state of Connecticut. In 1935, she became medical director of the Maternal Health Center in Hartford, the state's first birth control clinic. Dr. Standish was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994.", "title": "Hilda Crosby Standish" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Vila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19 km². Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200.", "title": "Vila Franca de Xira" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barrville is a census-designated place located in Brown Township, Mifflin County in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 160 residents.", "title": "Barrville, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Restful Place is a public artwork by Ho-Chunk artist Truman Lowe, located at Indianapolis Art Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. \"Restful Place\" was installed as part of the Center's ARTSPARK initiative.", "title": "Restful Place" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chirakkalkulam is a small residential area near Kannur town of Kannur District, Kerala state, South India. Chirakkalkulam is located between Thayatheru and Kannur City. Chirakkalkulam's significance arises from the birth of the historic Arakkal Kingdom.", "title": "Chirakkalkulam" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The U.S. Constitution uses but does not define the phrase ``natural born Citizen '', and various opinions have been offered over time regarding its precise meaning. The consensus of early 21st - century constitutional scholars, together with relevant case law, is that natural - born citizens include, subject to exceptions, those born in the United States. Many scholars have also concluded that those who meet the legal requirements for U.S. citizenship`` at the moment of birth'', regardless of place of birth, are also natural - born citizens. Every president to date was either a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 or was born in the United States; of these there have been seven that had at least one parent who was not born on U.S. soil.", "title": "Natural-born-citizen clause" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Ulrich Walser House is a house located at 711 North 2nd Street in Alma, Wisconsin, United States. It was constructed in 1895 by Ulrich Walser and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.", "title": "Ulrich Walser House" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Westboro is a town in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 660 at the 2000 census. The census-designated place of Westboro is located in the town. The unincorporated community of Queenstown is also located in the town.", "title": "Westboro, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hawk Run is a census-designated place located in Morris Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 534.", "title": "Hawk Run, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297.", "title": "Athanasius of Alexandria" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bigler is a census-designated place located in Bradford Township, Clearfield County in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 398.", "title": "Bigler, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Merrill is a village located in Jonesfield Township in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The 2010 Census places the population at 778.", "title": "Merrill, Michigan" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kentucky State Capitol is located in Frankfort and is the house of the three branches (executive, legislative, judicial) of the state government of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "Kentucky State Capitol" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Frank T. and Polly Lewis House is located in Lodi, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The house is located within the Portage Street Historic District.", "title": "Frank T. and Polly Lewis House" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory.", "title": "Birth certificate" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fingerville is a Census-designated place located in Spartanburg County in the U.S. State of South Carolina. According to the 2010 United States Census, the population was 134.", "title": "Fingerville, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gramling is a census-designated place located in Spartanburg County in the U.S. state of South Carolina. According to the 2010 United States Census, the population was 86.", "title": "Gramling, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Luís Miguel Assunção Joaquim (born 5 March 1979 in Vila Franca de Xira, Lisbon), known as Alhandra, is a Portuguese retired footballer who played mainly as a left back – he could also appear as a midfielder.", "title": "Alhandra (footballer)" } ]	In which district was Alhandra born?	Lisbon District	[ "Lisbon", "AML" ]	Title: Bigler, Pennsylvania Passage: Bigler is a census-designated place located in Bradford Township, Clearfield County in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 398. Title: Gramling, South Carolina Passage: Gramling is a census-designated place located in Spartanburg County in the U.S. state of South Carolina. According to the 2010 United States Census, the population was 86. Title: Hilda Crosby Standish Passage: Hilda Crosby Standish (1902 – June 1, 2005) was a pioneer in the birth control movement in the state of Connecticut. In 1935, she became medical director of the Maternal Health Center in Hartford, the state's first birth control clinic. Dr. Standish was inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994. Title: Alhandra (footballer) Passage: Luís Miguel Assunção Joaquim (born 5 March 1979 in Vila Franca de Xira, Lisbon), known as Alhandra, is a Portuguese retired footballer who played mainly as a left back – he could also appear as a midfielder. Title: Frank T. and Polly Lewis House Passage: The Frank T. and Polly Lewis House is located in Lodi, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. The house is located within the Portage Street Historic District. Title: Restful Place Passage: Restful Place is a public artwork by Ho-Chunk artist Truman Lowe, located at Indianapolis Art Center in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. "Restful Place" was installed as part of the Center's ARTSPARK initiative. Title: Hawk Run, Pennsylvania Passage: Hawk Run is a census-designated place located in Morris Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 534. Title: Natural-born-citizen clause Passage: The U.S. Constitution uses but does not define the phrase ``natural born Citizen '', and various opinions have been offered over time regarding its precise meaning. The consensus of early 21st - century constitutional scholars, together with relevant case law, is that natural - born citizens include, subject to exceptions, those born in the United States. Many scholars have also concluded that those who meet the legal requirements for U.S. citizenship`` at the moment of birth'', regardless of place of birth, are also natural - born citizens. Every president to date was either a citizen at the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 or was born in the United States; of these there have been seven that had at least one parent who was not born on U.S. soil. Title: Athanasius of Alexandria Passage: However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles state that the Arians had accused Athanasius, among other charges, of not having yet attained the canonical age (30) and thus could not have been properly ordained as Patriarch of Alexandria in 328. The accusation must have seemed plausible. The Orthodox Church places his year of birth around 297. Title: Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India Passage: The Fundamental Rights are defined as the basic human rights of all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, applied irrespective of race, place of birth, religion, caste, creed, or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the framing of laws by the government. These provisions, set out in Part IV of the Constitution, are not enforceable by the courts, but the principles on which they are based are fundamental guidelines for governance that the State is expected to apply in framing policies and passing laws. Title: Suntrana, Alaska Passage: Suntrana is an unincorporated community in eastern Denali Borough, Alaska, United States. It is located within the census-designated place of Healy. Title: Barrville, Pennsylvania Passage: Barrville is a census-designated place located in Brown Township, Mifflin County in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 160 residents. Title: Westboro, Wisconsin Passage: Westboro is a town in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 660 at the 2000 census. The census-designated place of Westboro is located in the town. The unincorporated community of Queenstown is also located in the town. Title: Birth certificate Passage: In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to the federal government to obtain a U.S. passport. However, the U.S. State Department does issue a Consular Report of Birth Abroad for children born to U.S. citizens (who are also eligible for citizenship), including births on military bases in foreign territory. Title: Chirakkalkulam Passage: Chirakkalkulam is a small residential area near Kannur town of Kannur District, Kerala state, South India. Chirakkalkulam is located between Thayatheru and Kannur City. Chirakkalkulam's significance arises from the birth of the historic Arakkal Kingdom. Title: Kentucky State Capitol Passage: The Kentucky State Capitol is located in Frankfort and is the house of the three branches (executive, legislative, judicial) of the state government of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Title: Vila Franca de Xira Passage: Vila Franca de Xira () is a municipality in the Lisbon District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 136,886, in an area of 318.19 km². Situated on both banks of the Tagus River, 32 km north-east of the Portuguese capital Lisbon, settlement in the area dates back to neolithic times, as evidenced by findings in the Cave of Pedra Furada. Vila Franca de Xira is said to have been founded by French followers of Portugal's first king, Afonso Henriques, around 1200. Title: Ulrich Walser House Passage: The Ulrich Walser House is a house located at 711 North 2nd Street in Alma, Wisconsin, United States. It was constructed in 1895 by Ulrich Walser and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Title: Merrill, Michigan Passage: Merrill is a village located in Jonesfield Township in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The 2010 Census places the population at 778. Title: Fingerville, South Carolina Passage: Fingerville is a Census-designated place located in Spartanburg County in the U.S. State of South Carolina. According to the 2010 United States Census, the population was 134.	[ "Vila Franca de Xira", "Alhandra (footballer)" ]
2hop__89657_289940	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By Christmas 2004, with the team sitting in second position in the league, García Remón was dismissed, and Vanderlei Luxemburgo became the new head coach. However, the well-travelled Brazilian failed to inspire the team to the title as Real again finished the season in second position. On 3 December 2005, Beckham was sent off for the third time that season in a league match against Getafe CF. A day later Luxemburgo was sacked and was replaced by Juan Ramón López Caro. By the end of that season, Beckham led La Liga in number of assists.", "title": "David Beckham" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stockholm Mean Machines is the oldest and most successful football club in Sweden. The club was established in 1972, the same year the sport was introduced in the country. They started playing in the Stockholm suburb of Danderyd. The ambition of the Stockholm Mean Machines has always been to be the premier team in Sweden and in Europe, the men's team leads the nation in seasons played in the premier league in Sweden (Superserien) and its 11 national championships is also most of any team. The ladies team is the reigning national champions. The club is also represented in all youth leagues (U11, U13, U15, U17 and U19).", "title": "Stockholm Mean Machines" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Undrafted after two years at Oregon State University, Smith spent three weeks on the Winnipeg Blue Bombers' practice roster in 2008. On February 27, 2009, Smith signed as a free agent with the Blue Bombers and played 36 games for the blue and gold. He recorded 8 sacks in his rookie season in 2009 and was the Bombers in 2010 when they led the CFL in sacks.", "title": "Dorian Smith" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jon Thomas Hand (born November 13, 1963) is a former professional American football player who was selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the 1st round (4th overall) of the 1986 NFL Draft. A 6' 6\", . defensive end from the University of Alabama, Hand played in nine NFL seasons, all with the Colts. During his playing days in Indianapolis, he started 110 of 121 career games. Was named to Pro Football Weekly's All-Rookie Team and led the team in sacks three times in 1988, 1989, and 1991. In 1989 Jon was 7th in the AFC in sacks with 10 and in 1988 he led his team with 5 sacks.", "title": "Jon Hand" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Year Player Sacks Team 1982 Doug Martin * 11.5 Minnesota Vikings Mark Gastineau * 19.0 New York Jets 1984 Mark Gastineau * 22.0 New York Jets 1985 Richard Dent 17.0 Chicago Bears 1986 Lawrence Taylor 20.5 New York Giants Reggie White 21.0 Philadelphia Eagles Reggie White 18.0 Philadelphia Eagles Chris Doleman 21.0 Minnesota Vikings Derrick Thomas 20.0 Kansas City Chiefs 1991 Pat Swilling 17.0 New Orleans Saints Clyde Simmons 19.0 Philadelphia Eagles Neil Smith 15.0 Kansas City Chiefs Kevin Greene 14.0 Pittsburgh Steelers 1995 Bryce Paup 17.5 Buffalo Bills Kevin Greene 14.5 Carolina Panthers John Randle 15.5 Minnesota Vikings 1998 Michael Sinclair 16.5 Seattle Seahawks 1999 Kevin Carter 17.0 St. Louis Rams 2000 La'Roi Glover 17.0 New Orleans Saints Michael Strahan 22.5 New York Giants 2002 Jason Taylor 18.5 Miami Dolphins 2003 Michael Strahan 18.5 New York Giants Dwight Freeney 16.0 Indianapolis Colts 2005 Derrick Burgess 16.0 Oakland Raiders 2006 Shawne Merriman 17.0 San Diego Chargers 2007 Jared Allen 15.5 Kansas City Chiefs 2008 DeMarcus Ware 20.0 Dallas Cowboys 2009 Elvis Dumervil 17.0 Denver Broncos DeMarcus Ware 15.5 Dallas Cowboys 2011 Jared Allen 22.0 Minnesota Vikings 2012 J.J. Watt 20.5 Houston Texans 2013 Robert Mathis 19.5 Indianapolis Colts 2014 Justin Houston 22.0 Kansas City Chiefs 2015 J.J. Watt 17.5 Houston Texans 2016 Vic Beasley 15.5 Atlanta Falcons 2017 Chandler Jones 17.0 Arizona Cardinals", "title": "List of National Football League annual sacks leaders" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Tardits (born July 30, 1965), is a former American football linebacker for the New England Patriots of the National Football League, and a former rugby player for the United States national rugby union team. He held the record for most sacks in a career at the University of Georgia, until surpassed by David Pollack in 2004, and he was referred to as 'Le Sack' by fans because of his French birth.", "title": "Richard Tardits" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kehinde Babatunde Victor Oladipo (born May 4, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Indiana Hoosiers, where he was named the \"Sporting News\" Men's College Basketball Player of the Year, the Co-NABC Defensive Player of the Year, and a first-team All-American by the USBWA and \"Sporting News\". That year he was also named the winner of the Adolph Rupp Trophy, given annually to the top player in men's NCAA Division I basketball. Oladipo was drafted with the second overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft by the Orlando Magic and went on to be named to the NBA All-Rookie first team. He was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder in 2016, and then traded to the Pacers in 2017. He became a first-time NBA All-Star, led the league in steals, was named to the All-Defensive First Team and the All-NBA Third Team, and won the NBA Most Improved Player Award in his first season with Indiana. Despite an injury-riddled 2018–19 season, including a season-ending injury in January 2019, Oladipo was named an Eastern Conference reserve for the second year in a row.", "title": "Victor Oladipo" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Max \"Slats\" Zaslofsky (December 7, 1925 – October 15, 1985) was an American professional basketball player and coach. He was First Team All-NBA four different seasons. In 1947–48, at 21 years of age he led the NBA in scoring, and in 1949–50 he led the league in free throw percentage (.843).", "title": "Max Zaslofsky" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "title": "Sacramento Kings" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League.", "title": "Vermont Lady Voltage" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957.", "title": "Green Bay Packers" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward Wesley Schulmerich (August 21, 1901 – June 26, 1985) was an American Major League Baseball player from the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he played baseball and football at what is now Oregon State University where he participated in three sports. On the football team, he played three positions and earned the nickname of Ironhorse and all-conference honors. In baseball, he was a right-handed outfielder and after leaving school started his professional career in the minor leagues. Schulmerich then became the first player from the school to make it to the Major Leagues, playing for three teams in the early 1930s. He is a member of the Oregon State University Sports Hall of Fame and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame.", "title": "Wes Schulmerich" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League", "title": "Premier League" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Darrell Dean Johnson (August 25, 1928 – May 3, 2004) was an American Major League Baseball catcher, coach, manager and scout. As a manager, he led the 1975 Boston Red Sox to the American League pennant, and was named \"Manager of the Year\" by both The Sporting News and the Associated Press.", "title": "Darrell Johnson" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Charlotte 49ers represent the NCAA Division I sports teams of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. A founding member of Conference USA (C-USA), Charlotte rejoined the conference in 2013 after spending eight years as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. Previously, Charlotte was a charter member of the Sun Belt Conference and was a member of the Metro Conference.", "title": "Charlotte 49ers" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club was formed in the mid-1960s as an attachment to St Patrick's Marist College Dundas' sports auxiliary for weekend rugby league within the Balmain Junior Rugby League competition. In the mid-1990s the school sports auxiliary ceased to exist and the club was rechristened the Dundas Shamrocks. The club has been a member of the Balmain Junior Rugby League since its inception in the 1960s and provides teams for age groups from under 6's to A-Grade.", "title": "Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Chandler James Jones (born February 27, 1990) is an American football outside linebacker for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). Jones was selected by the New England Patriots with the 21st overall pick of the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football at Syracuse. He is the younger brother of current UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones and of former National Football League (NFL) player Arthur Jones.", "title": "Chandler Jones" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams play in the National League (NL) and American League (AL), with 15 teams in each league. The NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs. With the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament.", "title": "Major League Baseball" } ]	What team's player had the most league sacks?	New England Patriots	[ "Patriots", "The New England Patriots", "Arizona Cardinals" ]	Title: Wes Schulmerich Passage: Edward Wesley Schulmerich (August 21, 1901 – June 26, 1985) was an American Major League Baseball player from the state of Oregon. A native of the state, he played baseball and football at what is now Oregon State University where he participated in three sports. On the football team, he played three positions and earned the nickname of Ironhorse and all-conference honors. In baseball, he was a right-handed outfielder and after leaving school started his professional career in the minor leagues. Schulmerich then became the first player from the school to make it to the Major Leagues, playing for three teams in the early 1930s. He is a member of the Oregon State University Sports Hall of Fame and the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame. Title: Sacramento Kings Passage: The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center. Title: Nanjing Passage: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for the title in China top level league, CBA. Jiangsu Volleyball men and women teams are also traditionally considered as at top level in China volleyball league. Title: Vermont Lady Voltage Passage: Vermont Lady Voltage was a professional American women’s soccer team, founded in 2005, which is a member of the United Soccer Leagues W-League. Voltage played in the Northern Division of the Central Conference. They play their home games at the Collins-Perley Sports Complex in the city of St. Albans, Vermont, 27 miles north of the state's largest city, Burlington. The team's colors are black and white, and gold and blue. The team was a sister organization of the men's Vermont Voltage team, which plays in the USL Premier Development League. Title: Darrell Johnson Passage: Darrell Dean Johnson (August 25, 1928 – May 3, 2004) was an American Major League Baseball catcher, coach, manager and scout. As a manager, he led the 1975 Boston Red Sox to the American League pennant, and was named "Manager of the Year" by both The Sporting News and the Associated Press. Title: Max Zaslofsky Passage: Max "Slats" Zaslofsky (December 7, 1925 – October 15, 1985) was an American professional basketball player and coach. He was First Team All-NBA four different seasons. In 1947–48, at 21 years of age he led the NBA in scoring, and in 1949–50 he led the league in free throw percentage (.843). Title: Victor Oladipo Passage: Kehinde Babatunde Victor Oladipo (born May 4, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Indiana Hoosiers, where he was named the "Sporting News" Men's College Basketball Player of the Year, the Co-NABC Defensive Player of the Year, and a first-team All-American by the USBWA and "Sporting News". That year he was also named the winner of the Adolph Rupp Trophy, given annually to the top player in men's NCAA Division I basketball. Oladipo was drafted with the second overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft by the Orlando Magic and went on to be named to the NBA All-Rookie first team. He was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder in 2016, and then traded to the Pacers in 2017. He became a first-time NBA All-Star, led the league in steals, was named to the All-Defensive First Team and the All-NBA Third Team, and won the NBA Most Improved Player Award in his first season with Indiana. Despite an injury-riddled 2018–19 season, including a season-ending injury in January 2019, Oladipo was named an Eastern Conference reserve for the second year in a row. Title: Richard Tardits Passage: Richard Tardits (born July 30, 1965), is a former American football linebacker for the New England Patriots of the National Football League, and a former rugby player for the United States national rugby union team. He held the record for most sacks in a career at the University of Georgia, until surpassed by David Pollack in 2004, and he was referred to as 'Le Sack' by fans because of his French birth. Title: Stockholm Mean Machines Passage: Stockholm Mean Machines is the oldest and most successful football club in Sweden. The club was established in 1972, the same year the sport was introduced in the country. They started playing in the Stockholm suburb of Danderyd. The ambition of the Stockholm Mean Machines has always been to be the premier team in Sweden and in Europe, the men's team leads the nation in seasons played in the premier league in Sweden (Superserien) and its 11 national championships is also most of any team. The ladies team is the reigning national champions. The club is also represented in all youth leagues (U11, U13, U15, U17 and U19). Title: Charlotte 49ers Passage: The Charlotte 49ers represent the NCAA Division I sports teams of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. A founding member of Conference USA (C-USA), Charlotte rejoined the conference in 2013 after spending eight years as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference. Previously, Charlotte was a charter member of the Sun Belt Conference and was a member of the Metro Conference. Title: Green Bay Packers Passage: The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third - oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community - owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957. Title: Dorian Smith Passage: Undrafted after two years at Oregon State University, Smith spent three weeks on the Winnipeg Blue Bombers' practice roster in 2008. On February 27, 2009, Smith signed as a free agent with the Blue Bombers and played 36 games for the blue and gold. He recorded 8 sacks in his rookie season in 2009 and was the Bombers in 2010 when they led the CFL in sacks. Title: List of National Football League annual sacks leaders Passage: Year Player Sacks Team 1982 Doug Martin * 11.5 Minnesota Vikings Mark Gastineau * 19.0 New York Jets 1984 Mark Gastineau * 22.0 New York Jets 1985 Richard Dent 17.0 Chicago Bears 1986 Lawrence Taylor 20.5 New York Giants Reggie White 21.0 Philadelphia Eagles Reggie White 18.0 Philadelphia Eagles Chris Doleman 21.0 Minnesota Vikings Derrick Thomas 20.0 Kansas City Chiefs 1991 Pat Swilling 17.0 New Orleans Saints Clyde Simmons 19.0 Philadelphia Eagles Neil Smith 15.0 Kansas City Chiefs Kevin Greene 14.0 Pittsburgh Steelers 1995 Bryce Paup 17.5 Buffalo Bills Kevin Greene 14.5 Carolina Panthers John Randle 15.5 Minnesota Vikings 1998 Michael Sinclair 16.5 Seattle Seahawks 1999 Kevin Carter 17.0 St. Louis Rams 2000 La'Roi Glover 17.0 New Orleans Saints Michael Strahan 22.5 New York Giants 2002 Jason Taylor 18.5 Miami Dolphins 2003 Michael Strahan 18.5 New York Giants Dwight Freeney 16.0 Indianapolis Colts 2005 Derrick Burgess 16.0 Oakland Raiders 2006 Shawne Merriman 17.0 San Diego Chargers 2007 Jared Allen 15.5 Kansas City Chiefs 2008 DeMarcus Ware 20.0 Dallas Cowboys 2009 Elvis Dumervil 17.0 Denver Broncos DeMarcus Ware 15.5 Dallas Cowboys 2011 Jared Allen 22.0 Minnesota Vikings 2012 J.J. Watt 20.5 Houston Texans 2013 Robert Mathis 19.5 Indianapolis Colts 2014 Justin Houston 22.0 Kansas City Chiefs 2015 J.J. Watt 17.5 Houston Texans 2016 Vic Beasley 15.5 Atlanta Falcons 2017 Chandler Jones 17.0 Arizona Cardinals Title: New York City Passage: New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, the National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer. The New York metropolitan area hosts the most sports teams in these five professional leagues. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1882. The city has played host to over forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues, both current and historic. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area. Madison Square Garden, its predecessor, as well as the original Yankee Stadium and Ebbets Field, are some of the most famous sporting venues in the world, the latter two having been commemorated on U.S. postage stamps. Title: Jon Hand Passage: Jon Thomas Hand (born November 13, 1963) is a former professional American football player who was selected by the Indianapolis Colts in the 1st round (4th overall) of the 1986 NFL Draft. A 6' 6", . defensive end from the University of Alabama, Hand played in nine NFL seasons, all with the Colts. During his playing days in Indianapolis, he started 110 of 121 career games. Was named to Pro Football Weekly's All-Rookie Team and led the team in sacks three times in 1988, 1989, and 1991. In 1989 Jon was 7th in the AFC in sacks with 10 and in 1988 he led his team with 5 sacks. Title: Chandler Jones Passage: Chandler James Jones (born February 27, 1990) is an American football outside linebacker for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). Jones was selected by the New England Patriots with the 21st overall pick of the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football at Syracuse. He is the younger brother of current UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones and of former National Football League (NFL) player Arthur Jones. Title: Major League Baseball Passage: Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. A total of 30 teams play in the National League (NL) and American League (AL), with 15 teams in each league. The NL and AL operated as separate legal entities from 1876 and 1901 respectively. After cooperating but remaining legally separate entities since 1903, the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball in 2000. The organization also oversees Minor League Baseball, which comprises about 240 teams affiliated with the Major League clubs. With the World Baseball Softball Confederation, MLB manages the international World Baseball Classic tournament. Title: Premier League Passage: Premier League Founded 20 February 1992 Country England (19 teams) Other club (s) from Wales (1 team) Confederation UEFA Number of teams 20 Level on pyramid Relegation to EFL Championship Domestic cup (s) FA Cup FA Community Shield League cup (s) EFL Cup International cup (s) UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League Current champions Chelsea (5th title) (2016 -- 17) Most championships Manchester United (13 titles) TV partners Sky Sports and BT Sport (live matches) Sky Sports and BBC (highlights) Website premierleague.com 2017 -- 18 Premier League Title: Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club Passage: The Dundas Shamrocks Junior Rugby League Football Club was formed in the mid-1960s as an attachment to St Patrick's Marist College Dundas' sports auxiliary for weekend rugby league within the Balmain Junior Rugby League competition. In the mid-1990s the school sports auxiliary ceased to exist and the club was rechristened the Dundas Shamrocks. The club has been a member of the Balmain Junior Rugby League since its inception in the 1960s and provides teams for age groups from under 6's to A-Grade. Title: David Beckham Passage: By Christmas 2004, with the team sitting in second position in the league, García Remón was dismissed, and Vanderlei Luxemburgo became the new head coach. However, the well-travelled Brazilian failed to inspire the team to the title as Real again finished the season in second position. On 3 December 2005, Beckham was sent off for the third time that season in a league match against Getafe CF. A day later Luxemburgo was sacked and was replaced by Juan Ramón López Caro. By the end of that season, Beckham led La Liga in number of assists.	[ "List of National Football League annual sacks leaders", "Chandler Jones" ]
2hop__64323_55840	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Statute of Marlborough (52 Hen 3) was a set of laws passed by King Henry III of England in 1267.", "title": "Statute of Marlborough" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center.", "title": "Sacramento Kings" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 -- 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth.", "title": "George VI" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stanley King (May 11, 1883 – April 28, 1951) was the eleventh president of Amherst College. He held that position from 1932 to 1946.", "title": "Stanley King" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eleanor of England (also called Eleanor Plantagenet and Eleanor of Leicester) (1215 – 13 April 1275) was the youngest child of John, King of England and Isabella of Angoulême.", "title": "Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gunhilde (or Gunnhild) (died 13 November 1002) is said to have been the sister of Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark, and the daughter of Harald Bluetooth. She was married to Pallig, a Dane who served the King of England, Æthelred the Unready, as ealdorman of Devonshire.", "title": "Gunhilde" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was the second son of the 4th king Gaeru and younger brother of the 5th king Chogo. Upon the death of the 6th king Gusu, Gusu's eldest son Saban became king, but proved to be too young to rule. Goi dethroned Saban and became king. The \"Samguk Sagi\" records that \"\"King Chogo's younger brother, who had the same mother, became king.\"\".", "title": "Goi of Baekje" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In May 1601, King James VI of Scotland attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England.", "title": "King James Version" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this.", "title": "Civil disobedience" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament.", "title": "King James Version" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The stress of the war had taken its toll on the King's health, exacerbated by his heavy smoking and subsequent development of lung cancer among other ailments, including arteriosclerosis and thromboangiitis obliterans. A planned tour of Australia and New Zealand was postponed after the King suffered an arterial blockage in his right leg, which threatened the loss of the leg and was treated with a right lumbar sympathectomy in March 1949. His elder daughter Elizabeth, the heir presumptive, took on more royal duties as her father's health deteriorated. The delayed tour was re-organised, with Elizabeth and her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, taking the place of the King and Queen. The King was well enough to open the Festival of Britain in May 1951, but on 23 September 1951, his left lung was removed by Clement Price Thomas after a malignant tumour was found. In October 1951, Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh went on a month-long tour of Canada; the trip had been delayed for a week due to the King's illness. At the State Opening of Parliament in November, the King's speech from the throne was read for him by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Simonds. His Christmas broadcast of 1951 was recorded in sections, and then edited together.", "title": "George VI" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kings are one of the oldest continuously operating professional basketball franchises in the nation. They originated in Rochester, New York, as the Rochester Seagrams (a semi-professional team) in 1923 and joined the National Basketball League in 1945 as the Rochester Royals. They jumped to the Basketball Association of America, forerunner of the NBA, in 1948. As the Royals, the team was often successful on the court, winning the NBA championship in 1951. It, however, found it increasingly difficult to turn a profit in the comparatively small market of Rochester and relocated to Cincinnati in 1957, becoming the Cincinnati Royals. In 1972 the team relocated to Kansas City, Missouri, and was renamed the Kansas City - Omaha Kings because it initially split its home games between Kansas City and Omaha, Nebraska. In 1975, the Kings ceased playing home games in Omaha and simply became the Kansas City Kings. The team again failed to find success in its market and moved to Sacramento in 1985.", "title": "Sacramento Kings" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The SCLC announced the campaign on December 4, 1967. King delivered a speech which identified ``a kind of social insanity which could lead to national ruin. ''In January 1968, the SCLC created and distributed an`` Economic Fact Sheet'' with statistics explaining why the campaign was necessary. King avoided providing specific details about the campaign and attempted to redirect media attention to the values at stake. The Poor People's Campaign held firm to the movement's commitment to non-violence. ``We are custodians of the philosophy of non-violence, ''said King at a press conference.`` And it has worked''. King originally wanted the Poor People's Campaign to start in Quitman County, Mississippi because of the intense and visible economic disparity there.", "title": "Poor People's Campaign" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York KG (born 17 August 1473), was the sixth child and second son of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville, born in Shrewsbury. Richard and his older brother, who briefly reigned as King Edward V of England, mysteriously disappeared shortly after Richard III became king in 1483.", "title": "Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dwight King (born July 5, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who is currently playing for the Graz 99ers of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Los Angeles Kings and the Montreal Canadiens. He was a member of the Kings' Stanley Cup championship teams in 2012 and in 2014.", "title": "Dwight King" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs.", "title": "List of English monarchs" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.", "title": "The King's Speech" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taylor King (born May 30, 1988) is an American retired professional basketball player. King played for the Villanova University Wildcats, where he played the forward position. King attended Mater Dei High School of Santa Ana, where he enjoyed a successful high school basketball career, posting the third highest career point total in California high school history.", "title": "Taylor King" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Leonard J. Kosmalski (born November 21, 1951) is a retired American basketball player. He played collegiately at the University of Tennessee and professionally for the National Basketball Association's Kansas City Kings.", "title": "Len Kosmalski" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edward II is a Renaissance or Early Modern period play written by Christopher Marlowe. It is one of the earliest English history plays. The full title of the first publication is The Troublesome Reign and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England, with the Tragical Fall of Proud Mortimer.", "title": "Edward II (play)" } ]	Who played the king that was king of england in 1951 in the king's speech?	Colin Firth	[]	Title: List of English monarchs Passage: This list of kings and queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, one of the petty kingdoms to rule a portion of modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo - Saxons and while he was not the first king to lay claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the first unbroken line of Kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex. The last monarch of a distinct kingdom of England was Queen Anne, who became Queen of Great Britain when England merged with Scotland to form a union in 1707. For monarchs after Queen Anne, see List of British monarchs. Title: Gunhilde Passage: Gunhilde (or Gunnhild) (died 13 November 1002) is said to have been the sister of Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark, and the daughter of Harald Bluetooth. She was married to Pallig, a Dane who served the King of England, Æthelred the Unready, as ealdorman of Devonshire. Title: Sacramento Kings Passage: The Kings are one of the oldest continuously operating professional basketball franchises in the nation. They originated in Rochester, New York, as the Rochester Seagrams (a semi-professional team) in 1923 and joined the National Basketball League in 1945 as the Rochester Royals. They jumped to the Basketball Association of America, forerunner of the NBA, in 1948. As the Royals, the team was often successful on the court, winning the NBA championship in 1951. It, however, found it increasingly difficult to turn a profit in the comparatively small market of Rochester and relocated to Cincinnati in 1957, becoming the Cincinnati Royals. In 1972 the team relocated to Kansas City, Missouri, and was renamed the Kansas City - Omaha Kings because it initially split its home games between Kansas City and Omaha, Nebraska. In 1975, the Kings ceased playing home games in Omaha and simply became the Kansas City Kings. The team again failed to find success in its market and moved to Sacramento in 1985. Title: Taylor King Passage: Taylor King (born May 30, 1988) is an American retired professional basketball player. King played for the Villanova University Wildcats, where he played the forward position. King attended Mater Dei High School of Santa Ana, where he enjoyed a successful high school basketball career, posting the third highest career point total in California high school history. Title: King James Version Passage: In May 1601, King James VI of Scotland attended the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at St Columba's Church in Burntisland, Fife, at which proposals were put forward for a new translation of the Bible into English. Two years later, he ascended to the throne of England as King James I of England. Title: The King's Speech Passage: The King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939. Title: Sacramento Kings Passage: The Sacramento Kings are an American professional basketball team based in Sacramento, California. The Kings compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Western Conference's Pacific Division. The Kings are the only team in the major professional North American sports leagues located in Sacramento. The team plays its home games at the Golden 1 Center. Title: Len Kosmalski Passage: Leonard J. Kosmalski (born November 21, 1951) is a retired American basketball player. He played collegiately at the University of Tennessee and professionally for the National Basketball Association's Kansas City Kings. Title: Poor People's Campaign Passage: The SCLC announced the campaign on December 4, 1967. King delivered a speech which identified ``a kind of social insanity which could lead to national ruin. ''In January 1968, the SCLC created and distributed an`` Economic Fact Sheet'' with statistics explaining why the campaign was necessary. King avoided providing specific details about the campaign and attempted to redirect media attention to the values at stake. The Poor People's Campaign held firm to the movement's commitment to non-violence. ``We are custodians of the philosophy of non-violence, ''said King at a press conference.`` And it has worked''. King originally wanted the Poor People's Campaign to start in Quitman County, Mississippi because of the intense and visible economic disparity there. Title: Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester Passage: Eleanor of England (also called Eleanor Plantagenet and Eleanor of Leicester) (1215 – 13 April 1275) was the youngest child of John, King of England and Isabella of Angoulême. Title: George VI Passage: George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 -- 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth. Title: George VI Passage: The stress of the war had taken its toll on the King's health, exacerbated by his heavy smoking and subsequent development of lung cancer among other ailments, including arteriosclerosis and thromboangiitis obliterans. A planned tour of Australia and New Zealand was postponed after the King suffered an arterial blockage in his right leg, which threatened the loss of the leg and was treated with a right lumbar sympathectomy in March 1949. His elder daughter Elizabeth, the heir presumptive, took on more royal duties as her father's health deteriorated. The delayed tour was re-organised, with Elizabeth and her husband, the Duke of Edinburgh, taking the place of the King and Queen. The King was well enough to open the Festival of Britain in May 1951, but on 23 September 1951, his left lung was removed by Clement Price Thomas after a malignant tumour was found. In October 1951, Princess Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh went on a month-long tour of Canada; the trip had been delayed for a week due to the King's illness. At the State Opening of Parliament in November, the King's speech from the throne was read for him by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Simonds. His Christmas broadcast of 1951 was recorded in sections, and then edited together. Title: King James Version Passage: The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament. Title: Dwight King Passage: Dwight King (born July 5, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who is currently playing for the Graz 99ers of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He previously played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Los Angeles Kings and the Montreal Canadiens. He was a member of the Kings' Stanley Cup championship teams in 2012 and in 2014. Title: Civil disobedience Passage: One of the oldest depictions of civil disobedience is in Sophocles' play Antigone, in which Antigone, one of the daughters of former King of Thebes, Oedipus, defies Creon, the current King of Thebes, who is trying to stop her from giving her brother Polynices a proper burial. She gives a stirring speech in which she tells him that she must obey her conscience rather than human law. She is not at all afraid of the death he threatens her with (and eventually carries out), but she is afraid of how her conscience will smite her if she does not do this. Title: Statute of Marlborough Passage: The Statute of Marlborough (52 Hen 3) was a set of laws passed by King Henry III of England in 1267. Title: Edward II (play) Passage: Edward II is a Renaissance or Early Modern period play written by Christopher Marlowe. It is one of the earliest English history plays. The full title of the first publication is The Troublesome Reign and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England, with the Tragical Fall of Proud Mortimer. Title: Goi of Baekje Passage: He was the second son of the 4th king Gaeru and younger brother of the 5th king Chogo. Upon the death of the 6th king Gusu, Gusu's eldest son Saban became king, but proved to be too young to rule. Goi dethroned Saban and became king. The "Samguk Sagi" records that ""King Chogo's younger brother, who had the same mother, became king."". Title: Stanley King Passage: Stanley King (May 11, 1883 – April 28, 1951) was the eleventh president of Amherst College. He held that position from 1932 to 1946. Title: Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York Passage: Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York KG (born 17 August 1473), was the sixth child and second son of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville, born in Shrewsbury. Richard and his older brother, who briefly reigned as King Edward V of England, mysteriously disappeared shortly after Richard III became king in 1483.	[ "George VI", "The King's Speech" ]
2hop__145288_502838	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group.", "title": "Cyprus Popular Bank" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town.", "title": "Saulkrasti Municipality" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "title": "Texas–Indian wars" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level.", "title": "List of territorial entities where English is an official language" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Duncanville is a city in southern Dallas County, Texas, in the United States. Duncanville's population was 38,524 at the 2010 census. The city is part of the Best Southwest area, which includes Duncanville, Cedar Hill, DeSoto, and Lancaster.", "title": "Duncanville, Texas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi.", "title": "Pangi Territory" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was the new name given by the Roosevelt Administration to the Emergency Relief Administration (ERA) which President Franklin Delano Roosevelt had created in 1933. FERA was established as a result of the Federal Emergency Relief Act and was replaced in 1935 by the Works Progress Administration (WPA).", "title": "Federal Emergency Relief Administration" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list.", "title": "Taputapuatea" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roger Nordlund (born November 19, 1957) is a politician in the Åland Islands, an autonomous and unilingually Swedish territory of Finland. Nordlund is a member of the Åland Centre party and is currently serving as Deputy Premier Government of Åland and Minister of Finance.", "title": "Roger Nordlund" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Benjamin Franklin Tracy (April 26, 1830August 6, 1915) was a United States political figure who served as Secretary of the Navy from 1889 through 1893, during the administration of U.S. President Benjamin Harrison.", "title": "Benjamin F. Tracy" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri.", "title": "Kiri Territory" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Franklin County Regional Airport , formerly known as Chambersburg Municipal Airport, is a general aviation airport located three miles (5 km) north of the Borough of Chambersburg, in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, USA. The airport is situated approximately 45 miles southwest of Harrisburg.", "title": "Franklin County Regional Airport" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Roger Franklin (born September 7, 1990) is a professional basketball player who was born in Duncanville, Texas. He currently plays for Black Star Mersch in the Luxembourgian Total League.", "title": "Roger Franklin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Franklin District was a New Zealand territorial authority that lay between the Auckland metropolitan area and the Waikato Plains. As a formal territory it was abolished on 31 October 2010 and divided between Auckland Council in the Auckland Region (39.82 percent by land area) to the north and Waikato and Hauraki districts in the Waikato Region (60.18 percent) to the south and east. The Auckland portion is now part of the Franklin ward, which also includes rural parts of the former Manukau City.", "title": "Franklin District" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The French and Indian War (1754 -- 63) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. It was also part of the larger Seven Years' War. The influence of the main rivals of the British Crown in the colonies and Canada, the French and North American Indians, was significantly reduced with the territory of the Thirteen Colonies expanding into New France both in Canada and the Louisiana Territory. Moreover, the war effort resulted in greater political integration of the colonies, as reflected in the Albany Congress and symbolized by Benjamin Franklin's call for the colonies to ``Join or Die ''. Franklin was a man of many inventions -- one of which was the concept of a United States of America, which emerged after 1765 and was realized in July 1776.", "title": "History of the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Franklin Mountains of the Northwest Territories are a range of low peaks that stretch along the east bank of the Mackenzie River from 64 to 66 degrees of latitude.", "title": "Franklin Mountains (Northwest Territories)" } ]	Which administrative territorial entity was Roger Franklin born in?	Dallas County	[ "Dallas County, Texas" ]	Title: Saulkrasti Municipality Passage: Saulkrasti Municipality () is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by reorganization of Saulkrasti town with its countryside territory, with the administrative centre being Saulkrasti. In 2010 Saulkrasti parish was created from the countryside territory of Saulkrasti town. Title: Pangi Territory Passage: Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Pangi. Title: Cyprus Popular Bank Passage: Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts. The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds. The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity. As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4.8% but does not hold a board seat. All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015. She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her. Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016. The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group. Title: Duncanville, Texas Passage: Duncanville is a city in southern Dallas County, Texas, in the United States. Duncanville's population was 38,524 at the 2010 census. The city is part of the Best Southwest area, which includes Duncanville, Cedar Hill, DeSoto, and Lancaster. Title: Australia Passage: Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales. Title: Texas–Indian wars Passage: Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma. Title: Roger Nordlund Passage: Roger Nordlund (born November 19, 1957) is a politician in the Åland Islands, an autonomous and unilingually Swedish territory of Finland. Nordlund is a member of the Åland Centre party and is currently serving as Deputy Premier Government of Åland and Minister of Finance. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: Benjamin F. Tracy Passage: Benjamin Franklin Tracy (April 26, 1830August 6, 1915) was a United States political figure who served as Secretary of the Navy from 1889 through 1893, during the administration of U.S. President Benjamin Harrison. Title: History of the United States Passage: The French and Indian War (1754 -- 63) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. It was also part of the larger Seven Years' War. The influence of the main rivals of the British Crown in the colonies and Canada, the French and North American Indians, was significantly reduced with the territory of the Thirteen Colonies expanding into New France both in Canada and the Louisiana Territory. Moreover, the war effort resulted in greater political integration of the colonies, as reflected in the Albany Congress and symbolized by Benjamin Franklin's call for the colonies to ``Join or Die ''. Franklin was a man of many inventions -- one of which was the concept of a United States of America, which emerged after 1765 and was realized in July 1776. Title: Taputapuatea Passage: Taputapuatea is a commune of French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. The commune of Taputapuatea is located on the island of Raiatea, in the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 4,792. In 2017 Taputapuatea along with Taputapuatea marae were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. Title: Franklin District Passage: Franklin District was a New Zealand territorial authority that lay between the Auckland metropolitan area and the Waikato Plains. As a formal territory it was abolished on 31 October 2010 and divided between Auckland Council in the Auckland Region (39.82 percent by land area) to the north and Waikato and Hauraki districts in the Waikato Region (60.18 percent) to the south and east. The Auckland portion is now part of the Franklin ward, which also includes rural parts of the former Manukau City. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Franklin County Regional Airport Passage: Franklin County Regional Airport , formerly known as Chambersburg Municipal Airport, is a general aviation airport located three miles (5 km) north of the Borough of Chambersburg, in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, USA. The airport is situated approximately 45 miles southwest of Harrisburg. Title: Kiri Territory Passage: Kiri Territory is an administrative region in the Mai-Ndombe District of Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The headquarters is the town of Kiri. Title: Federal Emergency Relief Administration Passage: The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was the new name given by the Roosevelt Administration to the Emergency Relief Administration (ERA) which President Franklin Delano Roosevelt had created in 1933. FERA was established as a result of the Federal Emergency Relief Act and was replaced in 1935 by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Title: List of territorial entities where English is an official language Passage: The following is a list of territories where English is an official language, that is, a language used in citizen interactions with government officials. In 2015, there were 54 sovereign states and 27 non-sovereign entities where English was an official language. Many country subdivisions have declared English an official language at the local or regional level. Title: Roger Franklin Passage: Roger Franklin (born September 7, 1990) is a professional basketball player who was born in Duncanville, Texas. He currently plays for Black Star Mersch in the Luxembourgian Total League. Title: Franklin Mountains (Northwest Territories) Passage: The Franklin Mountains of the Northwest Territories are a range of low peaks that stretch along the east bank of the Mackenzie River from 64 to 66 degrees of latitude. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.	[ "Duncanville, Texas", "Roger Franklin" ]
2hop__26642_81961	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jiří Šejba (born July 22, 1962 in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia) is a retired Professional Hockey forward who played 1 season in the National Hockey League for the Buffalo Sabres. He is current GKS Tychy coach.", "title": "Jiří Šejba" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 -- 18 NHL season is the 101st season of operation (100th season of play) of the National Hockey League. With the addition of a new expansion team, the Vegas Golden Knights, 31 teams compete in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season began on October 4, 2017, and will end on April 7, 2018. The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June.", "title": "2017–18 NHL season" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1957–58 AHL season was the 22nd season of the American Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games in their schedules. The Hershey Bears finished first overall in the regular season, and won their second Calder Cup championship.", "title": "1957–58 AHL season" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nathan David Gerbe (born July 24, 1987) is an American professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played with Genève - Servette HC of the National League (NL) and for the Carolina Hurricanes and the Buffalo Sabres in the National Hockey League (NHL). At only 5 feet and 4 inches, he is the shortest player in the NHL.", "title": "Nathan Gerbe" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert George Hess (born May 19, 1955 in Middleton, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League for the St. Louis Blues, Buffalo Sabres, and Hartford Whalers. Between 1982 and 1984 Hess played in Switzerland's Nationalliga A for HC Lugano and EHC Kloten.", "title": "Bob Hess" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2000-01 Western Professional Hockey League season was the fifth and final season of the Western Professional Hockey League, a North American minor pro league. 14 teams participated in the regular season, and the Bossier-Shreveport Mudbugs were the league champions.", "title": "2000–01 WPHL season" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Baptiste (born August 4, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for the Toronto Marlies in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). Baptiste was drafted by the Buffalo Sabres in the third round (69th overall) of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.", "title": "Nicholas Baptiste" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam Mair (born February 15, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Toronto Maple Leafs, Los Angeles Kings, Buffalo Sabres and the New Jersey Devils. He is currently a player development coach for the Buffalo Sabres.", "title": "Adam Mair" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2001-02 West Coast Hockey League season was the seventh season of the West Coast Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Eight teams participated in the regular season, and the Fresno Falcons were the league champions.", "title": "2001–02 WCHL season" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Šmehlík (born January 23, 1970) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted in the fifth round, 97th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1990 NHL Entry Draft.", "title": "Richard Šmehlík" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 -- 19 NHL season is the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams are competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season began on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in late May to early June.", "title": "2018–19 NHL season" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christopher Ellis Drury (born August 20, 1976) is an American former professional ice hockey player who most recently played with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He currently serves as the assistant general manager for the New York Rangers and as the general manager of their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Hartford Wolf Pack. Drury is a Hobey Baker Award-winner with Boston University, a Calder Memorial Trophy winner with the Colorado Avalanche, a Stanley Cup champion with the Avalanche, a two-time Olympic silver medalist with the United States and a former captain of the Buffalo Sabres and New York Rangers. As a child, he also won the Little League Baseball World Series Championship with his hometown team from Trumbull, Connecticut.", "title": "Chris Drury" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1977–78 AHL season was the 42nd season of the American Hockey League. The season was in jeopardy when the last of the original eight franchises of the \"International-American Hockey League\", the Rhode Island Reds (previously Providence Reds) folded in the offseason, and the AHL was left with five teams. The league increased its member teams by four, when the North American Hockey League and Southern Hockey Leagues both folded before the 1977–78 season. Two teams joined from the NAHL, and another from the SHL, along with one expansion team.", "title": "1977–78 AHL season" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Timothy L. Connolly (born May 7, 1981) is an American former professional ice hockey player who played eleven seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Buffalo Sabres, and Toronto Maple Leafs.", "title": "Tim Connolly" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1923–24 PCHA season was the 13th and last season of the professional men's ice hockey Pacific Coast Hockey Association league. Season play ran from November 26, 1923, until February 25, 1924. Each team played 30 games, including eight games against Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) teams. The Seattle Metropolitans club would be regular-season PCHA champions, but lost the play-off against the Vancouver Maroons 2-2, 1-2.", "title": "1923–24 PCHA season" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2005–06 Southern Professional Hockey League season was the second season of the Southern Professional Hockey League. The regular season began October 21, 2005, and ended April 12, 2006, after a 56-game regular season and a six-team playoff. The Knoxville Ice Bears won their first SPHL championship.", "title": "2005–06 SPHL season" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paul McIntosh (born March 13, 1953) is a former professional ice hockey player who played 48 games for the Buffalo Sabres in the mid-1970s. After his retirement he coached the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League in the early 1980s, and also served as the team's General Manager for much of the 1990s. He won CHL Executive of the Year in 1998. He is currently the Head Professional scout for the Dallas Stars.", "title": "Paul McIntosh" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of whom (as the name suggests) played at least a portion of their career for the Buffalo Sabres.", "title": "Exhibition game" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1969–70 AHL season was the 34th season of the American Hockey League. Nine teams played 72 games each in the schedule. The Montreal Voyageurs became the second Canada-based team in the league, and finished first overall in the regular season. This would be the last season for the Buffalo Bisons in the AHL as the National Hockey League added the Buffalo Sabres who would begin play the next season, the Bisons would go out on top by winning fifth Calder Cup championship.", "title": "1969–70 AHL season" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1942–43 AHL season was the seventh season of the American Hockey League. Seven teams played 56 games each in the schedule, while an eighth team, the New Haven Eagles ceased operations 32 games into the season, in January 1943. The Buffalo Bisons won the F. G. \"Teddy\" Oke Trophy as the Western Division champions, and their first Calder Cup as league champions.", "title": "1942–43 AHL season" } ]	When does the regular season for the league which the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team had most of its members from begin?	October 4, 2017	[]	Title: 2000–01 WPHL season Passage: The 2000-01 Western Professional Hockey League season was the fifth and final season of the Western Professional Hockey League, a North American minor pro league. 14 teams participated in the regular season, and the Bossier-Shreveport Mudbugs were the league champions. Title: Nicholas Baptiste Passage: Nicholas Baptiste (born August 4, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played for the Toronto Marlies in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). Baptiste was drafted by the Buffalo Sabres in the third round (69th overall) of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. Title: Richard Šmehlík Passage: Richard Šmehlík (born January 23, 1970) is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted in the fifth round, 97th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1990 NHL Entry Draft. Title: 1923–24 PCHA season Passage: The 1923–24 PCHA season was the 13th and last season of the professional men's ice hockey Pacific Coast Hockey Association league. Season play ran from November 26, 1923, until February 25, 1924. Each team played 30 games, including eight games against Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL) teams. The Seattle Metropolitans club would be regular-season PCHA champions, but lost the play-off against the Vancouver Maroons 2-2, 1-2. Title: 1957–58 AHL season Passage: The 1957–58 AHL season was the 22nd season of the American Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games in their schedules. The Hershey Bears finished first overall in the regular season, and won their second Calder Cup championship. Title: Nathan Gerbe Passage: Nathan David Gerbe (born July 24, 1987) is an American professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Cleveland Monsters of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played with Genève - Servette HC of the National League (NL) and for the Carolina Hurricanes and the Buffalo Sabres in the National Hockey League (NHL). At only 5 feet and 4 inches, he is the shortest player in the NHL. Title: Paul McIntosh Passage: Paul McIntosh (born March 13, 1953) is a former professional ice hockey player who played 48 games for the Buffalo Sabres in the mid-1970s. After his retirement he coached the London Knights of the Ontario Hockey League in the early 1980s, and also served as the team's General Manager for much of the 1990s. He won CHL Executive of the Year in 1998. He is currently the Head Professional scout for the Dallas Stars. Title: Jiří Šejba Passage: Jiří Šejba (born July 22, 1962 in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia) is a retired Professional Hockey forward who played 1 season in the National Hockey League for the Buffalo Sabres. He is current GKS Tychy coach. Title: 2018–19 NHL season Passage: The 2018 -- 19 NHL season is the 102nd season of operation (101st season of play) of the National Hockey League. 31 teams are competing in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season began on October 3, 2018, and will end on April 6, 2019. The 2019 Stanley Cup playoffs will begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in late May to early June. Title: Tim Connolly Passage: Timothy L. Connolly (born May 7, 1981) is an American former professional ice hockey player who played eleven seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Islanders, Buffalo Sabres, and Toronto Maple Leafs. Title: Chris Drury Passage: Christopher Ellis Drury (born August 20, 1976) is an American former professional ice hockey player who most recently played with the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He currently serves as the assistant general manager for the New York Rangers and as the general manager of their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Hartford Wolf Pack. Drury is a Hobey Baker Award-winner with Boston University, a Calder Memorial Trophy winner with the Colorado Avalanche, a Stanley Cup champion with the Avalanche, a two-time Olympic silver medalist with the United States and a former captain of the Buffalo Sabres and New York Rangers. As a child, he also won the Little League Baseball World Series Championship with his hometown team from Trumbull, Connecticut. Title: 1942–43 AHL season Passage: The 1942–43 AHL season was the seventh season of the American Hockey League. Seven teams played 56 games each in the schedule, while an eighth team, the New Haven Eagles ceased operations 32 games into the season, in January 1943. The Buffalo Bisons won the F. G. "Teddy" Oke Trophy as the Western Division champions, and their first Calder Cup as league champions. Title: 1969–70 AHL season Passage: The 1969–70 AHL season was the 34th season of the American Hockey League. Nine teams played 72 games each in the schedule. The Montreal Voyageurs became the second Canada-based team in the league, and finished first overall in the regular season. This would be the last season for the Buffalo Bisons in the AHL as the National Hockey League added the Buffalo Sabres who would begin play the next season, the Bisons would go out on top by winning fifth Calder Cup championship. Title: 1977–78 AHL season Passage: The 1977–78 AHL season was the 42nd season of the American Hockey League. The season was in jeopardy when the last of the original eight franchises of the "International-American Hockey League", the Rhode Island Reds (previously Providence Reds) folded in the offseason, and the AHL was left with five teams. The league increased its member teams by four, when the North American Hockey League and Southern Hockey Leagues both folded before the 1977–78 season. Two teams joined from the NAHL, and another from the SHL, along with one expansion team. Title: 2017–18 NHL season Passage: The 2017 -- 18 NHL season is the 101st season of operation (100th season of play) of the National Hockey League. With the addition of a new expansion team, the Vegas Golden Knights, 31 teams compete in an 82 - game regular season. The regular season began on October 4, 2017, and will end on April 7, 2018. The 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs will then begin a few days afterwards, with the Stanley Cup Finals held in early June. Title: Adam Mair Passage: Adam Mair (born February 15, 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Toronto Maple Leafs, Los Angeles Kings, Buffalo Sabres and the New Jersey Devils. He is currently a player development coach for the Buffalo Sabres. Title: Exhibition game Passage: The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team is the Buffalo Sabres Alumni Hockey Team, which is composed almost entirely of retired NHL players, the majority of whom (as the name suggests) played at least a portion of their career for the Buffalo Sabres. Title: Bob Hess Passage: Robert George Hess (born May 19, 1955 in Middleton, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League for the St. Louis Blues, Buffalo Sabres, and Hartford Whalers. Between 1982 and 1984 Hess played in Switzerland's Nationalliga A for HC Lugano and EHC Kloten. Title: 2005–06 SPHL season Passage: The 2005–06 Southern Professional Hockey League season was the second season of the Southern Professional Hockey League. The regular season began October 21, 2005, and ended April 12, 2006, after a 56-game regular season and a six-team playoff. The Knoxville Ice Bears won their first SPHL championship. Title: 2001–02 WCHL season Passage: The 2001-02 West Coast Hockey League season was the seventh season of the West Coast Hockey League, a North American minor professional league. Eight teams participated in the regular season, and the Fresno Falcons were the league champions.	[ "2017–18 NHL season", "Exhibition game" ]
2hop__23459_35123	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; Ibn Tufail and Ibn al-Nafis, pioneers of the philosophical novel; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, founder of Illuminationist philosophy; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, a critic of Aristotelian logic and a pioneer of inductive logic; and Ibn Khaldun, a pioneer in the philosophy of history.", "title": "Muslim world" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941 and remained its leader until 1972. However, Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising. His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose \"Islamization of Knowledge\" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles.", "title": "Islamism" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Joel Feinberg (October 19, 1926 in Detroit, Michigan – March 29, 2004 in Tucson, Arizona) was an American political and legal philosopher. He is known for his work in the fields of ethics, action theory, philosophy of law, and political philosophy as well as individual rights and the authority of the state. Feinberg was one of the most influential figures in American jurisprudence of the last fifty years.", "title": "Joel Feinberg" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974) was an Egyptian public intellectual and an influential Hanafi jurist. He occupied a number of positions; he was a lecturer of Islamic law at Al-Azhar University and a professor at Cairo University. He was also a member of the Islamic Research Academy. His works include Abu Hanifa, Malik and al-Shafi'i.", "title": "Muhammad Abu Zahra" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ (\"Book of Healing\") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology.", "title": "History of science" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the division of the Roman Empire, the Western Roman Empire lost contact with much of its past. In the Middle East, Greek philosophy was able to find some support under the newly created Arab Empire. With the spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, a period of Muslim scholarship, known as the Islamic Golden Age, lasted until the 13th century. This scholarship was aided by several factors. The use of a single language, Arabic, allowed communication without need of a translator. Access to Greek texts from the Byzantine Empire, along with Indian sources of learning, provided Muslim scholars a knowledge base to build upon.", "title": "History of science" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam is a compilation of lectures delivered by Muhammad Iqbal on Islamic philosophy and published in 1930. These lectures were delivered by Iqbal in Madras, Hyderabad, and Aligarh. The last chapter, \"Is Religion Possible\", was added to the book from the 1934 Oxford Edition onwards.", "title": "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In England, partly in response to a philosophy propounded by the Oxford Movement and others associated with the emerging revival of 'high church' or Anglo-Catholic ideas during the second quarter of the 19th century, neo-Gothic began to become promoted by influential establishment figures as the preferred style for ecclesiastical, civic and institutional architecture. The appeal of this Gothic revival (which after 1837, in Britain, is sometimes termed Victorian Gothic), gradually widened to encompass \"low church\" as well as \"high church\" clients. This period of more universal appeal, spanning 1855–1885, is known in Britain as High Victorian Gothic.", "title": "Gothic architecture" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Syed Nomanul Haq (Nu'man al-Haqq) (; born February 15, 1948 in Karachi, Pakistan) is an international Pakistani scholar and intellectual historian noted especially for his contributions to the fields of Islamic history and Islamic philosophy. He is currently a faculty member at the Habib University, Karachi. In his career spanning twenty years, Haq has gained widespread repute for his teaching, publications and editorial and research work on the history and philosophy of science, postmodern philosophy, history of religion, history of art and history of literature, for which he has won multiple prizes and awards.", "title": "Syed Nomanul Haq" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In England, partly in response to a philosophy propounded by the Oxford Movement and others associated with the emerging revival of 'high church' or Anglo - Catholic ideas during the second quarter of the 19th century, neo-Gothic began to become promoted by influential establishment figures as the preferred style for ecclesiastical, civic and institutional architecture. The appeal of this Gothic revival (which after 1837, in Britain, is sometimes termed Victorian Gothic), gradually widened to encompass ``low church ''as well as`` high church'' clients. This period of more universal appeal, spanning 1855 -- 1885, is known in Britain as High Victorian Gothic.", "title": "Gothic architecture" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cynthia Willett is Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Philosophy at Emory University, where she is also affiliated faculty with Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies and with the Psychoanalytic Studies Program. She has written influential books on intersectional feminism and founded Emory's Institute for the History of Philosophy. Willett was on the American Philosophical Association's Executive Board between 2008 and 2010, and was recently the co-director of the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. She earned her Ph.D. in 1988 from Pennsylvania State University.", "title": "Cynthia Willett" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Islamists have asked the question, \"If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and believe in Islamism, not [just] Islam?\" Similarly, a writer for the International Crisis Group maintains that \"the conception of 'political Islam'\" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution and apolitical Islam was a historical fluke of the \"short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970\", and it is quietist/non-political Islam, not Islamism, that requires explanation.", "title": "Islamism" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Split of Life is a series of over 80 mural size oil paintings by Nabil Kanso. The paintings span a period from 1974 to 1994, and deal with contemporary and historical issues of war and violence.", "title": "The Split of Life" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lipps was one of the most influential German university professors of his time, attracting many students from other countries. Lipps was very concerned with conceptions of art and the aesthetic, focusing much of his philosophy around such issues. Among his fervent admirers was Sigmund Freud. Lipps then being the main supporter of the idea of the Unconscious. He adopted Robert Vischer's notions of empathy or esthetic sympathy (Einfühlung, literally translated to \"feeling-into\"). This concept of aesthetic resonance finds parallels throughout aesthetic philosophy. Late in life, Lipps adopted some ideas from Edmund Husserl. Disliking his psychologism, some of his students joined with some of Husserl's to form a new branch of philosophy called phenomenology of essences. Among them there was Moritz Geiger who wrote one of the first phenomenological essays on the essence and meaning of empathy in which the influence of Lipps is relevant.", "title": "Theodor Lipps" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Symbolic Interactionism comes from a sociological perspective which developed around the middle of the twentieth century and that continues to be influential in some areas of the discipline. It is particularly important in microsociology and social psychology. It is derived from the American philosophy of pragmatism and particularly from the work of George Herbert Mead, as a pragmatic method to interpret social interactions.", "title": "Symbolic interactionism" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scientific activities. After the 10th century, Persian language, alongside Arabic, was used for the scientific, philosophical, historical, musical, and medical works, whereas the important Iranian writers, such as Tusi, Avicenna, Qotb od Din Shirazi, and Biruni, had major contributions in the scientific writing.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.", "title": "Muslim world" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core of the curriculum at Islamic religious schools until the 19th century. Avicenna wrote a number of short treatises dealing with Islamic theology. These included treatises on the prophets (whom he viewed as \"inspired philosophers\"), and also on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Quran, such as how Quranic cosmology corresponds to his own philosophical system. In general these treatises linked his philosophical writings to Islamic religious ideas; for example, the body's afterlife.", "title": "Avicenna" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philosophy of Ibn Sīnā, particularly that part relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi. The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from Occasionalism can be seen in what is left of his work.", "title": "Avicenna" } ]	What was the lifespan of the most influential figure in Islamic philosophy?	980–1037	[]	Title: The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam Passage: The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam is a compilation of lectures delivered by Muhammad Iqbal on Islamic philosophy and published in 1930. These lectures were delivered by Iqbal in Madras, Hyderabad, and Aligarh. The last chapter, "Is Religion Possible", was added to the book from the 1934 Oxford Edition onwards. Title: Gothic architecture Passage: In England, partly in response to a philosophy propounded by the Oxford Movement and others associated with the emerging revival of 'high church' or Anglo - Catholic ideas during the second quarter of the 19th century, neo-Gothic began to become promoted by influential establishment figures as the preferred style for ecclesiastical, civic and institutional architecture. The appeal of this Gothic revival (which after 1837, in Britain, is sometimes termed Victorian Gothic), gradually widened to encompass ``low church ''as well as`` high church'' clients. This period of more universal appeal, spanning 1855 -- 1885, is known in Britain as High Victorian Gothic. Title: Islamism Passage: Islamists have asked the question, "If Islam is a way of life, how can we say that those who want to live by its principles in legal, social, political, economic, and political spheres of life are not Muslims, but Islamists and believe in Islamism, not [just] Islam?" Similarly, a writer for the International Crisis Group maintains that "the conception of 'political Islam'" is a creation of Americans to explain the Iranian Islamic Revolution and apolitical Islam was a historical fluke of the "short-lived era of the heyday of secular Arab nationalism between 1945 and 1970", and it is quietist/non-political Islam, not Islamism, that requires explanation. Title: Gothic architecture Passage: In England, partly in response to a philosophy propounded by the Oxford Movement and others associated with the emerging revival of 'high church' or Anglo-Catholic ideas during the second quarter of the 19th century, neo-Gothic began to become promoted by influential establishment figures as the preferred style for ecclesiastical, civic and institutional architecture. The appeal of this Gothic revival (which after 1837, in Britain, is sometimes termed Victorian Gothic), gradually widened to encompass "low church" as well as "high church" clients. This period of more universal appeal, spanning 1855–1885, is known in Britain as High Victorian Gothic. Title: Syed Nomanul Haq Passage: Syed Nomanul Haq (Nu'man al-Haqq) (; born February 15, 1948 in Karachi, Pakistan) is an international Pakistani scholar and intellectual historian noted especially for his contributions to the fields of Islamic history and Islamic philosophy. He is currently a faculty member at the Habib University, Karachi. In his career spanning twenty years, Haq has gained widespread repute for his teaching, publications and editorial and research work on the history and philosophy of science, postmodern philosophy, history of religion, history of art and history of literature, for which he has won multiple prizes and awards. Title: Iran Passage: The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scientific activities. After the 10th century, Persian language, alongside Arabic, was used for the scientific, philosophical, historical, musical, and medical works, whereas the important Iranian writers, such as Tusi, Avicenna, Qotb od Din Shirazi, and Biruni, had major contributions in the scientific writing. Title: Germans Passage: German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities. Title: Avicenna Passage: Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core of the curriculum at Islamic religious schools until the 19th century. Avicenna wrote a number of short treatises dealing with Islamic theology. These included treatises on the prophets (whom he viewed as "inspired philosophers"), and also on various scientific and philosophical interpretations of the Quran, such as how Quranic cosmology corresponds to his own philosophical system. In general these treatises linked his philosophical writings to Islamic religious ideas; for example, the body's afterlife. Title: Symbolic interactionism Passage: Symbolic Interactionism comes from a sociological perspective which developed around the middle of the twentieth century and that continues to be influential in some areas of the discipline. It is particularly important in microsociology and social psychology. It is derived from the American philosophy of pragmatism and particularly from the work of George Herbert Mead, as a pragmatic method to interpret social interactions. Title: Muhammad Abu Zahra Passage: Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974) was an Egyptian public intellectual and an influential Hanafi jurist. He occupied a number of positions; he was a lecturer of Islamic law at Al-Azhar University and a professor at Cairo University. He was also a member of the Islamic Research Academy. His works include Abu Hanifa, Malik and al-Shafi'i. Title: Muslim world Passage: Other influential Muslim philosophers include al-Jahiz, a pioneer in evolutionary thought; Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), a pioneer of phenomenology and the philosophy of science and a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy and Aristotle's concept of place (topos); Al-Biruni, a critic of Aristotelian natural philosophy; Ibn Tufail and Ibn al-Nafis, pioneers of the philosophical novel; Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi, founder of Illuminationist philosophy; Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, a critic of Aristotelian logic and a pioneer of inductive logic; and Ibn Khaldun, a pioneer in the philosophy of history. Title: History of science Passage: Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ ("Book of Healing") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology. Title: Avicenna Passage: Early Islamic philosophy and Islamic metaphysics, imbued as it is with Islamic theology, distinguishes more clearly than Aristotelianism between essence and existence. Whereas existence is the domain of the contingent and the accidental, essence endures within a being beyond the accidental. The philosophy of Ibn Sīnā, particularly that part relating to metaphysics, owes much to al-Farabi. The search for a definitive Islamic philosophy separate from Occasionalism can be seen in what is left of his work. Title: Islamism Passage: Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi was an important early twentieth-century figure in the Islamic revival in India, and then after independence from Britain, in Pakistan. Trained as a lawyer he chose the profession of journalism, and wrote about contemporary issues and most importantly about Islam and Islamic law. Maududi founded the Jamaat-e-Islami party in 1941 and remained its leader until 1972. However, Maududi had much more impact through his writing than through his political organising. His extremely influential books (translated into many languages) placed Islam in a modern context, and influenced not only conservative ulema but liberal modernizer Islamists such as al-Faruqi, whose "Islamization of Knowledge" carried forward some of Maududi's key principles. Title: Theodor Lipps Passage: Lipps was one of the most influential German university professors of his time, attracting many students from other countries. Lipps was very concerned with conceptions of art and the aesthetic, focusing much of his philosophy around such issues. Among his fervent admirers was Sigmund Freud. Lipps then being the main supporter of the idea of the Unconscious. He adopted Robert Vischer's notions of empathy or esthetic sympathy (Einfühlung, literally translated to "feeling-into"). This concept of aesthetic resonance finds parallels throughout aesthetic philosophy. Late in life, Lipps adopted some ideas from Edmund Husserl. Disliking his psychologism, some of his students joined with some of Husserl's to form a new branch of philosophy called phenomenology of essences. Among them there was Moritz Geiger who wrote one of the first phenomenological essays on the essence and meaning of empathy in which the influence of Lipps is relevant. Title: The Split of Life Passage: The Split of Life is a series of over 80 mural size oil paintings by Nabil Kanso. The paintings span a period from 1974 to 1994, and deal with contemporary and historical issues of war and violence. Title: History of science Passage: With the division of the Roman Empire, the Western Roman Empire lost contact with much of its past. In the Middle East, Greek philosophy was able to find some support under the newly created Arab Empire. With the spread of Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, a period of Muslim scholarship, known as the Islamic Golden Age, lasted until the 13th century. This scholarship was aided by several factors. The use of a single language, Arabic, allowed communication without need of a translator. Access to Greek texts from the Byzantine Empire, along with Indian sources of learning, provided Muslim scholars a knowledge base to build upon. Title: Muslim world Passage: One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia. Title: Joel Feinberg Passage: Joel Feinberg (October 19, 1926 in Detroit, Michigan – March 29, 2004 in Tucson, Arizona) was an American political and legal philosopher. He is known for his work in the fields of ethics, action theory, philosophy of law, and political philosophy as well as individual rights and the authority of the state. Feinberg was one of the most influential figures in American jurisprudence of the last fifty years. Title: Cynthia Willett Passage: Cynthia Willett is Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Philosophy at Emory University, where she is also affiliated faculty with Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies and with the Psychoanalytic Studies Program. She has written influential books on intersectional feminism and founded Emory's Institute for the History of Philosophy. Willett was on the American Philosophical Association's Executive Board between 2008 and 2010, and was recently the co-director of the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. She earned her Ph.D. in 1988 from Pennsylvania State University.	[ "History of science", "Muslim world" ]
2hop__452580_70131	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 1 January 2017, holders of a United States passport could travel to 174 countries and territories visa - free or with visa on arrival, and the United States passport was ranked 3rd (tied with the Danish, Finnish, Italian and Spanish passports) in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley visa restrictions index.", "title": "Visa requirements for United States citizens" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Free State of Brunswick () was a state of the German Reich in the time of the Weimar Republic. It was formed after the abolition of the Duchy of Brunswick in the course of the German Revolution of 1918–19. Its capital was Braunschweig (Brunswick).", "title": "Free State of Brunswick" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents Congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion, prohibiting the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peaceably assemble, or to petition for a governmental redress of grievances. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, as one of the ten amendments that constitute the Bill of Rights.", "title": "First Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma.", "title": "Texas–Indian wars" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the aftermath of World War I and during the German Revolution of 1918 -- 19, Freikorps consisting largely of World War I veterans were raised as right - wing paramilitary militias, ostensibly to fight on behalf of the government against the Soviet - backed German Communists attempting to overthrow the Weimar Republic. However, the Freikorps also despised the Republic and were involved in assassinations of its supporters. The Freikorps were widely seen as a precursor to Nazism, and many of their volunteers ended up joining the Nazi militia, the Sturmabteilung (SA). An entire series of Freikorps awards also existed.", "title": "Freikorps" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2013, the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands experienced drought. The drought left 6,000 people surviving on less than 1 litre (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) of water per day. This resulted in the failure of food crops and the spread of diseases such as diarrhea, pink eye, and influenza. These emergencies resulted in the United States President declaring an emergency in the islands. This declaration activated support from US government agencies under the Republic's \"free association\" status with the United States, which provides humanitarian and other vital support.", "title": "Marshall Islands" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, \"Minskaja vobłasć\" ; , \"Minskaja oblastj\") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.", "title": "Minsk Region" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of New Zealand. As of 1 January 2017, New Zealand citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the New Zealand passport 5th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Irish and Japanese passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index.", "title": "Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Masilonyana Local Municipality is an administrative area in the Lejweleputswa District of the Free State in South Africa. The name is a Setswana word meaning \"freedom\".", "title": "Masilonyana Local Municipality" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The provinces and territories of Canada are the administrative divisions that are responsible for the delivery of sub-national governance within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (which, upon Confederation, was divided into Ontario and Quebec) -- were united to form a federated colony, which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times, and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. Several of the provinces were former British colonies, and Quebec was originally a French colony, while others were added as Canada grew. The three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon, which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America. Together, the provinces and territories make up the world's second - largest country by area.", "title": "Provinces and territories of Canada" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyber Rights: Defending Free speech in the Digital Age is a non-fiction book about cyberlaw, written by free speech lawyer Mike Godwin. It was first published in 1998 by Times Books. It was republished in 2003 as a revised edition by The MIT Press. Godwin graduated from the University of Texas School of Law in 1990 and was the first staff counsel for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Written with a first-person perspective, \"Cyber Rights\" offers a background in the legal issues and history pertaining to free speech on the Internet. It documents the author's experiences in defending free speech online, and puts forth the thesis that \"the remedy for the abuse of free speech is more speech\". Godwin emphasizes that decisions made about the expression of ideas on the Internet affect freedom of speech in other media as well, as granted by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.", "title": "Cyber Rights" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Other less likely contenders are Guam and the United States Virgin Islands, both of which are unincorporated organized territories of the United States. Also, the Northern Mariana Islands and American Samoa, an unorganized, unincorporated territory, could both attempt to gain statehood. Some proposals call for the Virgin Islands to be admitted with Puerto Rico as one state (often known as the proposed \"Commonwealth of Prusvi\", for Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands, or as \"Puerto Virgo\"), and for the amalgamation of U.S. territories or former territories in the Pacific Ocean, in the manner of the \"Greater Hawaii\" concept of the 1960s. Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands would be admitted as one state, along with Palau, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands (although these latter three entities are now separate sovereign nations, which have Compact of Free Association relationships with the United States). Such a state would have a population of 412,381 (slightly lower than Wyoming's population) and a land area of 911.82 square miles (2,361.6 km2) (slightly smaller than Rhode Island). American Samoa could possibly be part of such a state, increasing the population to 467,900 and the area to 988.65 square miles (2,560.6 km2). Radio Australia, in late May 2008, issued signs of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands becoming one again and becoming the 51st state.", "title": "51st state" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first amendment to the US Constitution states ``Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ''The two parts, known as the`` establishment clause'' and the ``free exercise clause ''respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the`` separation of church and state'' doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church - state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary, and all religions are equal in the eyes of the law with no special preference or favoritism.", "title": "Separation of church and state in the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending as a result of its central geographic location within AEF and the federal capital at Brazzaville. It also received a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After 1800, cotton and tobacco became important export crops. The eastern half of the state, especially the Tidewater region, developed a slave society based on a plantation system and slave labor. Many free people of color migrated to the frontier along with their European-American neighbors, where the social system was looser. By 1810, nearly 3 percent of the free population consisted of free people of color, who numbered slightly more than 10,000. The western areas were dominated by white families, especially Scots-Irish, who operated small subsistence farms. In the early national period, the state became a center of Jeffersonian and Jacksonian democracy, with a strong Whig presence, especially in the West. After Nat Turner's slave uprising in 1831, North Carolina and other southern states reduced the rights of free blacks. In 1835 the legislature withdrew their right to vote.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mafube Local Municipality is an administrative area in the Fezile Dabi District of the Free State in South Africa. The name is a Sesotho word meaning \"dawning of the new day\".", "title": "Mafube Local Municipality" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution of the free State of Bavaria regulates the independence of the free State (Republic) as a land of the Federal Republic of (Germany). On 26 October 1946, it was decided by the National Assembly. After a statement of the Council of Ministers of 4 December, she joined with its publication in the bavarian law-paper on 8 December 1946 in force.", "title": "Constitution of Bavaria" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On July 25, 1898, during the Spanish -- American War, Puerto Rico was invaded by the United States with a landing at Guánica. As an outcome of the war, the Jones -- Shafroth Act granted all the inhabitants of Puerto Rico U.S. citizenship in 1917. The U.S. granted Puerto Ricans the right to democratically elect their own governor in 1948. In 1950, the Truman Administration allowed for a democratic referendum in Puerto Rico to determine whether Puerto Ricans desired to draft their own local constitution without affecting the unincorporated territory status with the U.S. A local constitution was approved by a Constitutional Convention on February 6, 1952, ratified by the U.S. Congress, approved by President Truman on July 3 of that year, and proclaimed by Gov. Muñoz Marín on July 25, 1952, the anniversary of the 1898 arrival of U.S. troops. Puerto Rico adopted the name of Estado Libre Asociado (literally translated as ``Free Associated State ''), officially translated into English as Commonwealth, for its body politic.", "title": "Territorial evolution of the United States" } ]	Who constituted the free crops in the state having Free State of Brunswick?	consisting largely of World War I veterans	[]	Title: Provinces and territories of Canada Passage: The provinces and territories of Canada are the administrative divisions that are responsible for the delivery of sub-national governance within the geographical areas of Canada under the authority of the Canadian Constitution. In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North America -- New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Province of Canada (which, upon Confederation, was divided into Ontario and Quebec) -- were united to form a federated colony, which eventually became a sovereign nation in the next century. Over its history, Canada's international borders have changed several times, and the country has grown from the original four provinces to the current ten provinces and three territories. The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. Several of the provinces were former British colonies, and Quebec was originally a French colony, while others were added as Canada grew. The three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon, which govern the rest of the area of the former British North America. Together, the provinces and territories make up the world's second - largest country by area. Title: Marshall Islands Passage: In 2013, the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands experienced drought. The drought left 6,000 people surviving on less than 1 litre (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) of water per day. This resulted in the failure of food crops and the spread of diseases such as diarrhea, pink eye, and influenza. These emergencies resulted in the United States President declaring an emergency in the islands. This declaration activated support from US government agencies under the Republic's "free association" status with the United States, which provides humanitarian and other vital support. Title: Mafube Local Municipality Passage: Mafube Local Municipality is an administrative area in the Fezile Dabi District of the Free State in South Africa. The name is a Sesotho word meaning "dawning of the new day". Title: First Amendment to the United States Constitution Passage: The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents Congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion, prohibiting the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peaceably assemble, or to petition for a governmental redress of grievances. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, as one of the ten amendments that constitute the Bill of Rights. Title: Texas–Indian wars Passage: Although several Indian tribes occupied territory in the area, the preeminent nation was the Comanche, known as the ``Lords of the Plains. ''Their territory, the Comancheria, was the most powerful entity and persistently hostile to the Spanish, the Mexicans, and finally, the Texans. This article covers the conflicts from 1820, just before Mexico gained independence from Spain, until 1875, when the last free band of Plains Indians, the Comanches led by Quahadi warrior Quanah Parker, surrendered and moved to the Fort Sill reservation in Oklahoma. Title: Separation of church and state in the United States Passage: The first amendment to the US Constitution states ``Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ''The two parts, known as the`` establishment clause'' and the ``free exercise clause ''respectively, form the textual basis for the Supreme Court's interpretations of the`` separation of church and state'' doctrine. Three central concepts were derived from the 1st Amendment which became America's doctrine for church - state separation: no coercion in religious matters, no expectation to support a religion against one's will, and religious liberty encompasses all religions. In sum, citizens are free to embrace or reject a faith, any support for religion - financial or physical - must be voluntary, and all religions are equal in the eyes of the law with no special preference or favoritism. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Republic of the Congo Passage: During the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending as a result of its central geographic location within AEF and the federal capital at Brazzaville. It also received a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic. Title: Free State of Brunswick Passage: The Free State of Brunswick () was a state of the German Reich in the time of the Weimar Republic. It was formed after the abolition of the Duchy of Brunswick in the course of the German Revolution of 1918–19. Its capital was Braunschweig (Brunswick). Title: 51st state Passage: Other less likely contenders are Guam and the United States Virgin Islands, both of which are unincorporated organized territories of the United States. Also, the Northern Mariana Islands and American Samoa, an unorganized, unincorporated territory, could both attempt to gain statehood. Some proposals call for the Virgin Islands to be admitted with Puerto Rico as one state (often known as the proposed "Commonwealth of Prusvi", for Puerto Rico/U.S. Virgin Islands, or as "Puerto Virgo"), and for the amalgamation of U.S. territories or former territories in the Pacific Ocean, in the manner of the "Greater Hawaii" concept of the 1960s. Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands would be admitted as one state, along with Palau, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands (although these latter three entities are now separate sovereign nations, which have Compact of Free Association relationships with the United States). Such a state would have a population of 412,381 (slightly lower than Wyoming's population) and a land area of 911.82 square miles (2,361.6 km2) (slightly smaller than Rhode Island). American Samoa could possibly be part of such a state, increasing the population to 467,900 and the area to 988.65 square miles (2,560.6 km2). Radio Australia, in late May 2008, issued signs of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands becoming one again and becoming the 51st state. Title: Territorial evolution of the United States Passage: On July 25, 1898, during the Spanish -- American War, Puerto Rico was invaded by the United States with a landing at Guánica. As an outcome of the war, the Jones -- Shafroth Act granted all the inhabitants of Puerto Rico U.S. citizenship in 1917. The U.S. granted Puerto Ricans the right to democratically elect their own governor in 1948. In 1950, the Truman Administration allowed for a democratic referendum in Puerto Rico to determine whether Puerto Ricans desired to draft their own local constitution without affecting the unincorporated territory status with the U.S. A local constitution was approved by a Constitutional Convention on February 6, 1952, ratified by the U.S. Congress, approved by President Truman on July 3 of that year, and proclaimed by Gov. Muñoz Marín on July 25, 1952, the anniversary of the 1898 arrival of U.S. troops. Puerto Rico adopted the name of Estado Libre Asociado (literally translated as ``Free Associated State ''), officially translated into English as Commonwealth, for its body politic. Title: Freikorps Passage: In the aftermath of World War I and during the German Revolution of 1918 -- 19, Freikorps consisting largely of World War I veterans were raised as right - wing paramilitary militias, ostensibly to fight on behalf of the government against the Soviet - backed German Communists attempting to overthrow the Weimar Republic. However, the Freikorps also despised the Republic and were involved in assassinations of its supporters. The Freikorps were widely seen as a precursor to Nazism, and many of their volunteers ended up joining the Nazi militia, the Sturmabteilung (SA). An entire series of Freikorps awards also existed. Title: North Carolina Passage: After 1800, cotton and tobacco became important export crops. The eastern half of the state, especially the Tidewater region, developed a slave society based on a plantation system and slave labor. Many free people of color migrated to the frontier along with their European-American neighbors, where the social system was looser. By 1810, nearly 3 percent of the free population consisted of free people of color, who numbered slightly more than 10,000. The western areas were dominated by white families, especially Scots-Irish, who operated small subsistence farms. In the early national period, the state became a center of Jeffersonian and Jacksonian democracy, with a strong Whig presence, especially in the West. After Nat Turner's slave uprising in 1831, North Carolina and other southern states reduced the rights of free blacks. In 1835 the legislature withdrew their right to vote. Title: Cyber Rights Passage: Cyber Rights: Defending Free speech in the Digital Age is a non-fiction book about cyberlaw, written by free speech lawyer Mike Godwin. It was first published in 1998 by Times Books. It was republished in 2003 as a revised edition by The MIT Press. Godwin graduated from the University of Texas School of Law in 1990 and was the first staff counsel for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Written with a first-person perspective, "Cyber Rights" offers a background in the legal issues and history pertaining to free speech on the Internet. It documents the author's experiences in defending free speech online, and puts forth the thesis that "the remedy for the abuse of free speech is more speech". Godwin emphasizes that decisions made about the expression of ideas on the Internet affect freedom of speech in other media as well, as granted by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. Title: Visa requirements for United States citizens Passage: As of 1 January 2017, holders of a United States passport could travel to 174 countries and territories visa - free or with visa on arrival, and the United States passport was ranked 3rd (tied with the Danish, Finnish, Italian and Spanish passports) in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley visa restrictions index. Title: Masilonyana Local Municipality Passage: Masilonyana Local Municipality is an administrative area in the Lejweleputswa District of the Free State in South Africa. The name is a Setswana word meaning "freedom". Title: Constitution of Bavaria Passage: The Constitution of the free State of Bavaria regulates the independence of the free State (Republic) as a land of the Federal Republic of (Germany). On 26 October 1946, it was decided by the National Assembly. After a statement of the Council of Ministers of 4 December, she joined with its publication in the bavarian law-paper on 8 December 1946 in force. Title: Minsk Region Passage: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblasć or Minsk Oblast (, "Minskaja vobłasć" ; , "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500. Title: States of Nigeria Passage: A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments. Title: Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens Passage: Visa requirements for New Zealand citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of New Zealand. As of 1 January 2017, New Zealand citizens had visa - free or visa on arrival access to 172 countries and territories, ranking the New Zealand passport 5th in terms of travel freedom (tied with Irish and Japanese passports) according to the Henley visa restrictions index.	[ "Free State of Brunswick", "Freikorps" ]
2hop__329591_91104	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Optus can trace its beginnings back to the formation of the Government-owned AUSSAT Pty Limited in 1981. In 1982, Aussat selected the Hughes 376 for their initial satellites, with the first, AUSSAT A1, launched in August 1985. AUSSAT satellites were used for both military and civilian satellite communications, and delivering television services to remote outback communities.", "title": "Optus" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NOAA-4, also known as ITOS-G was a weather satellite operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It was part of a series of satellites called ITOS, or improved TIROS. NOAA-4 was launched on a Delta rocket on November 15, 1974. The launch carried two other satellites: AMSAT-OSCAR 7 and Intasat. It remained operational for 1463 days until it was deactivated by NOAA on November 18, 1978.", "title": "NOAA-4" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "ATS - 6 (Applications Technology Satellite - 6) was a NASA experimental satellite, built by Fairchild Space and Electronics Division It has been called the world's first educational satellite as well as world's first experimental Direct Broadcast Satellite as part of the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment between NASA and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was launched May 30, 1974, and decommissioned July 1979. At the time of launch, it was the most powerful telecommunication satellite in orbit. ATS - 6 carried no fewer than 23 different experiments, and introduced several breakthroughs. It was the first 3 - axis stabilized spacecraft in geostationary orbit. It was also the first to use experimentally with some success electric propulsion in geostationary orbit. It also carried several particle physics experiments, including the first heavy ion detector in geostationary orbit.", "title": "ATS-6" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first and historically most important application for communication satellites was in intercontinental long distance telephony. The fixed Public Switched Telephone Network relays telephone calls from land line telephones to an earth station, where they are then transmitted to a geostationary satellite. The downlink follows an analogous path. Improvements in submarine communications cables through the use of fiber-optics caused some decline in the use of satellites for fixed telephony in the late 20th century.", "title": "Communications satellite" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "TDRS-6, known before launch as TDRS-F, is an American communications satellite which is operated by NASA as part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. It was constructed by TRW, and is based on a custom satellite bus which was used for all seven first generation TDRS satellites.", "title": "TDRS-6" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "INSAT-4CR is a communications satellite operated by ISRO as part of the Indian National Satellite System. Launched in September 2007, it replaced the INSAT-4C satellite which had been lost in a launch failure the previous year. The satellite is stationed in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 74 degrees east, and is expected to operate for ten years, however this may have been reduced by the underperformance of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle which placed it into orbit. INSAT-4CR is planned to be replaced by GSAT-31, which was launched on February 6, 2019.", "title": "INSAT-4CR" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The A2100 is a communications satellite spacecraft model made by Lockheed Martin Space Systems in the 1990s-2010s for telecommunications in geosynchronous orbit, as well as GOES-R weather satellites and GPS Block IIIA satellites.", "title": "Lockheed Martin A2100" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2009, Internet via satellite had a steady growth rate of 10% to 15% per year. It was particularly in demand in remote areas that did not have either dialup or wireless online services. The local telecommunications company Dalkom Somalia provided internet over satellite, as well as premium routes for media operators and content providers, and international voice gateway services for global carriers. It also offered inexpensive bandwidth through its internet backbone, whereas bandwidth ordinarily cost customers from $2,500 to $3,000 per month through the major international bandwidth providers. The main clients of these local satellite services were internet cafes, money transfer firms and other companies, as well as international community representatives. In total, there were over 300 local satellite terminals available aross the nation, which were linked to teleports in Europe and Asia. Demand for the satellite services gradually began to fall as broadband wireless access rose. However, it increased in rural areas, as the main client base for the satellite services extended their operations into more remote locales.", "title": "Communications in Somalia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an inclination of 55.5 degrees.", "title": "BeiDou" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite). The satellites themselves were based on the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite and had a launch weight of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each.", "title": "BeiDou" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2007, the first satellite of BeiDou-2, namely Compass-M1 (to validate frequencies for the BeiDou-2 constellation) was successfully put into its working orbit. The second BeiDou-2 constellation satellite Compass-G2 was launched on 15 April 2009. On 15 January 2010, the official website of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System went online, and the system's third satellite (Compass-G1) was carried into its orbit by a Long March 3C rocket on 17 January 2010. On 2 June 2010, the fourth satellite was launched successfully into orbit. The fifth orbiter was launched into space from Xichang Satellite Launch Center by an LM-3I carrier rocket on 1 August 2010. Three months later, on 1 November 2010, the sixth satellite was sent into orbit by LM-3C. Another satellite, the Beidou-2/Compass IGSO-5 (fifth inclined geosynchonous orbit) satellite, was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center by a Long March-3A on 1 December 2011 (UTC).", "title": "BeiDou" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "SICRAL 1B is a military communications satellite built by Thales Alenia Space for Italian Armed Forces. It is a dual-use spacecraft: Telespazio will use some of the satellite's transmission capacity and some will be used by the Italian defense ministry and NATO. The spacecraft is based on the Italsat 3000 bus and includes one EHF/Ka band, three UHF-band and five active SHF-band transponders. It is designed to be operable for 13 years.", "title": "SICRAL 1B" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans K. Ziegler (March 1, 1911, Munich, Germany – December 11, 1999 Colts Neck Township, New Jersey, United States) was a pioneer in the field of communication satellites and the use of photovoltaic solar cells as a power source for satellites.", "title": "Hans K. Ziegler" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NigComSat-1, a Nigerian satellite built in 2004, was Nigeria's third satellite and Africa's first communication satellite. It was launched on 13 May 2007, aboard a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China. The spacecraft was operated by NigComSat and the Nigerian Space Agency, NASRDA. On 11 November 2008, NigComSat-1 failed in orbit after running out of power because of an anomaly in its solar array. It was based on the Chinese DFH-4 satellite bus, and carries a variety of transponders: 4 C-band; 14 Ku-band; 8 Ka-band; and 2 L-band. It was designed to provide coverage to many parts of Africa, and the Ka-band transponders would also cover Italy.", "title": "Nigeria" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tricolor TV is the Russia’s largest satellite TV, and most quickly growing satellite TV in the world. As for beginning of August 2010, over 6.5 millions of families were among its subscribers, i.e. around 80% from the total number of Russian digital TV users. Tricolor TV subscribers are connected and served based on CMW developed by General Satellite. General Satellite Corporation is developer and producer of set-top boxes for this project as well.", "title": "General Satellite" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on October 31, 2000. The second satellite, BeiDou-1B, was successfully launched on December 21, 2000. The last operational satellite of the constellation, BeiDou-1C, was launched on May 25, 2003.", "title": "BeiDou" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "FedSat (Australia's 'Federation Satellite') is an Australian scientific research satellite launched from Tanegashima Space Center, Japan by a NASDA H-IIA launch vehicle in December 2002 (NASDA is now merged with JAXA). The satellite was developed by the Cooperative Research Centre for Satellite Systems, a cooperative made up of several universities, commercial organisations and government bodies. The ground station is at the Institute for Telecommunications Research, part of the University of South Australia, near Adelaide. Since 2005 it was operated by the Australian Department of Defence.", "title": "FedSat" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hughes attempted to create a joint venture with NBC, News Corp., and Cablevision in 1990, to launch the first high-power digital television service called Sky Cable. Failing to do so, the company instead created DirecTV as a separate division and secured an agreement with USSB to build and launch the first high-power direct-broadcast satellite system. DirecTV's name is a portmanteau of \"direct\" and \"TV\" (as in direct broadcast satellite television). Hughes/DirecTV then turned to Thomson Consumer Electronics (under the RCA, GE, and ProScan brands) to develop the digital satellite system for the service that would be capable of receiving 175 channels on a small 18-inch dish. These dishes utilized a new generation of smaller, lighter receiver dishes based on military technology introduced by the Global Broadcast System, which predated DirecTV's viability by almost ten years. Hughes was awarded the contract to build and launch the new high-powered satellites, and USSB and DirecTV agreed that the new satellites would carry the two separate programming services: USSB and DirecTV.", "title": "DirecTV" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arianespace was contracted to launch INSAT - 4B using an Ariane 5 ECA carrier rocket. The launch occurred on 11 March 2007 at 22: 03 UTC, from ELA - 3 at Kourou. The Skynet 5A military communications satellite for the British Ministry of Defence was launched aboard the same rocket.", "title": "INSAT-4B" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because of this shift in meaning, the term moon, which had continued to be used in a generic sense in works of popular science and in fiction, has regained respectability and is now used interchangeably with natural satellite, even in scientific articles. When it is necessary to avoid both the ambiguity of confusion with Earth's natural satellite the Moon and the natural satellites of the other planets on the one hand, and artificial satellites on the other, the term natural satellite (using ``natural ''in a sense opposed to`` artificial'') is used. To further avoid ambiguity, the convention is to capitalize the word Moon when referring to Earth's natural satellite, but not when referring to other natural satellites.", "title": "Natural satellite" } ]	What is the experimental satellite being forerunner to communication satellite of INSAT-4CR's manufacturer called?	ATS - 6 (Applications Technology Satellite - 6)	[ "ATS-6" ]	Title: Hans K. Ziegler Passage: Hans K. Ziegler (March 1, 1911, Munich, Germany – December 11, 1999 Colts Neck Township, New Jersey, United States) was a pioneer in the field of communication satellites and the use of photovoltaic solar cells as a power source for satellites. Title: BeiDou Passage: BeiDou-1 is an experimental regional navigation system, which consists of four satellites (three working satellites and one backup satellite). The satellites themselves were based on the Chinese DFH-3 geostationary communications satellite and had a launch weight of 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) each. Title: General Satellite Passage: Tricolor TV is the Russia’s largest satellite TV, and most quickly growing satellite TV in the world. As for beginning of August 2010, over 6.5 millions of families were among its subscribers, i.e. around 80% from the total number of Russian digital TV users. Tricolor TV subscribers are connected and served based on CMW developed by General Satellite. General Satellite Corporation is developer and producer of set-top boxes for this project as well. Title: Nigeria Passage: NigComSat-1, a Nigerian satellite built in 2004, was Nigeria's third satellite and Africa's first communication satellite. It was launched on 13 May 2007, aboard a Chinese Long March 3B carrier rocket, from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China. The spacecraft was operated by NigComSat and the Nigerian Space Agency, NASRDA. On 11 November 2008, NigComSat-1 failed in orbit after running out of power because of an anomaly in its solar array. It was based on the Chinese DFH-4 satellite bus, and carries a variety of transponders: 4 C-band; 14 Ku-band; 8 Ka-band; and 2 L-band. It was designed to provide coverage to many parts of Africa, and the Ka-band transponders would also cover Italy. Title: INSAT-4CR Passage: INSAT-4CR is a communications satellite operated by ISRO as part of the Indian National Satellite System. Launched in September 2007, it replaced the INSAT-4C satellite which had been lost in a launch failure the previous year. The satellite is stationed in geostationary orbit at a longitude of 74 degrees east, and is expected to operate for ten years, however this may have been reduced by the underperformance of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle which placed it into orbit. INSAT-4CR is planned to be replaced by GSAT-31, which was launched on February 6, 2019. Title: BeiDou Passage: The first satellite, BeiDou-1A, was launched on October 31, 2000. The second satellite, BeiDou-1B, was successfully launched on December 21, 2000. The last operational satellite of the constellation, BeiDou-1C, was launched on May 25, 2003. Title: TDRS-6 Passage: TDRS-6, known before launch as TDRS-F, is an American communications satellite which is operated by NASA as part of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. It was constructed by TRW, and is based on a custom satellite bus which was used for all seven first generation TDRS satellites. Title: DirecTV Passage: Hughes attempted to create a joint venture with NBC, News Corp., and Cablevision in 1990, to launch the first high-power digital television service called Sky Cable. Failing to do so, the company instead created DirecTV as a separate division and secured an agreement with USSB to build and launch the first high-power direct-broadcast satellite system. DirecTV's name is a portmanteau of "direct" and "TV" (as in direct broadcast satellite television). Hughes/DirecTV then turned to Thomson Consumer Electronics (under the RCA, GE, and ProScan brands) to develop the digital satellite system for the service that would be capable of receiving 175 channels on a small 18-inch dish. These dishes utilized a new generation of smaller, lighter receiver dishes based on military technology introduced by the Global Broadcast System, which predated DirecTV's viability by almost ten years. Hughes was awarded the contract to build and launch the new high-powered satellites, and USSB and DirecTV agreed that the new satellites would carry the two separate programming services: USSB and DirecTV. Title: ATS-6 Passage: ATS - 6 (Applications Technology Satellite - 6) was a NASA experimental satellite, built by Fairchild Space and Electronics Division It has been called the world's first educational satellite as well as world's first experimental Direct Broadcast Satellite as part of the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment between NASA and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was launched May 30, 1974, and decommissioned July 1979. At the time of launch, it was the most powerful telecommunication satellite in orbit. ATS - 6 carried no fewer than 23 different experiments, and introduced several breakthroughs. It was the first 3 - axis stabilized spacecraft in geostationary orbit. It was also the first to use experimentally with some success electric propulsion in geostationary orbit. It also carried several particle physics experiments, including the first heavy ion detector in geostationary orbit. Title: Optus Passage: Optus can trace its beginnings back to the formation of the Government-owned AUSSAT Pty Limited in 1981. In 1982, Aussat selected the Hughes 376 for their initial satellites, with the first, AUSSAT A1, launched in August 1985. AUSSAT satellites were used for both military and civilian satellite communications, and delivering television services to remote outback communities. Title: Natural satellite Passage: Because of this shift in meaning, the term moon, which had continued to be used in a generic sense in works of popular science and in fiction, has regained respectability and is now used interchangeably with natural satellite, even in scientific articles. When it is necessary to avoid both the ambiguity of confusion with Earth's natural satellite the Moon and the natural satellites of the other planets on the one hand, and artificial satellites on the other, the term natural satellite (using ``natural ''in a sense opposed to`` artificial'') is used. To further avoid ambiguity, the convention is to capitalize the word Moon when referring to Earth's natural satellite, but not when referring to other natural satellites. Title: Lockheed Martin A2100 Passage: The A2100 is a communications satellite spacecraft model made by Lockheed Martin Space Systems in the 1990s-2010s for telecommunications in geosynchronous orbit, as well as GOES-R weather satellites and GPS Block IIIA satellites. Title: Communications satellite Passage: The first and historically most important application for communication satellites was in intercontinental long distance telephony. The fixed Public Switched Telephone Network relays telephone calls from land line telephones to an earth station, where they are then transmitted to a geostationary satellite. The downlink follows an analogous path. Improvements in submarine communications cables through the use of fiber-optics caused some decline in the use of satellites for fixed telephony in the late 20th century. Title: SICRAL 1B Passage: SICRAL 1B is a military communications satellite built by Thales Alenia Space for Italian Armed Forces. It is a dual-use spacecraft: Telespazio will use some of the satellite's transmission capacity and some will be used by the Italian defense ministry and NATO. The spacecraft is based on the Italsat 3000 bus and includes one EHF/Ka band, three UHF-band and five active SHF-band transponders. It is designed to be operable for 13 years. Title: BeiDou Passage: In April 2007, the first satellite of BeiDou-2, namely Compass-M1 (to validate frequencies for the BeiDou-2 constellation) was successfully put into its working orbit. The second BeiDou-2 constellation satellite Compass-G2 was launched on 15 April 2009. On 15 January 2010, the official website of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System went online, and the system's third satellite (Compass-G1) was carried into its orbit by a Long March 3C rocket on 17 January 2010. On 2 June 2010, the fourth satellite was launched successfully into orbit. The fifth orbiter was launched into space from Xichang Satellite Launch Center by an LM-3I carrier rocket on 1 August 2010. Three months later, on 1 November 2010, the sixth satellite was sent into orbit by LM-3C. Another satellite, the Beidou-2/Compass IGSO-5 (fifth inclined geosynchonous orbit) satellite, was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center by a Long March-3A on 1 December 2011 (UTC). Title: FedSat Passage: FedSat (Australia's 'Federation Satellite') is an Australian scientific research satellite launched from Tanegashima Space Center, Japan by a NASDA H-IIA launch vehicle in December 2002 (NASDA is now merged with JAXA). The satellite was developed by the Cooperative Research Centre for Satellite Systems, a cooperative made up of several universities, commercial organisations and government bodies. The ground station is at the Institute for Telecommunications Research, part of the University of South Australia, near Adelaide. Since 2005 it was operated by the Australian Department of Defence. Title: BeiDou Passage: Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an inclination of 55.5 degrees. Title: INSAT-4B Passage: Arianespace was contracted to launch INSAT - 4B using an Ariane 5 ECA carrier rocket. The launch occurred on 11 March 2007 at 22: 03 UTC, from ELA - 3 at Kourou. The Skynet 5A military communications satellite for the British Ministry of Defence was launched aboard the same rocket. Title: Communications in Somalia Passage: As of 2009, Internet via satellite had a steady growth rate of 10% to 15% per year. It was particularly in demand in remote areas that did not have either dialup or wireless online services. The local telecommunications company Dalkom Somalia provided internet over satellite, as well as premium routes for media operators and content providers, and international voice gateway services for global carriers. It also offered inexpensive bandwidth through its internet backbone, whereas bandwidth ordinarily cost customers from $2,500 to $3,000 per month through the major international bandwidth providers. The main clients of these local satellite services were internet cafes, money transfer firms and other companies, as well as international community representatives. In total, there were over 300 local satellite terminals available aross the nation, which were linked to teleports in Europe and Asia. Demand for the satellite services gradually began to fall as broadband wireless access rose. However, it increased in rural areas, as the main client base for the satellite services extended their operations into more remote locales. Title: NOAA-4 Passage: NOAA-4, also known as ITOS-G was a weather satellite operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). It was part of a series of satellites called ITOS, or improved TIROS. NOAA-4 was launched on a Delta rocket on November 15, 1974. The launch carried two other satellites: AMSAT-OSCAR 7 and Intasat. It remained operational for 1463 days until it was deactivated by NOAA on November 18, 1978.	[ "ATS-6", "INSAT-4CR" ]
2hop__75207_365216	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Le Travel Store, based in San Diego, California, was a retail store that sells travel gear. Founded in 1976, Le Travel Store claims to be the first business to call itself a \"travel store,\" and, the first retail store to cater to backpackers and other independent travelers, selling luggage, travel accessories, guidebooks, maps, and backpacks in a single retail location.", "title": "Le Travel Store" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a \"little constitution\", called \"organic law\" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, \"free municipality\") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly.", "title": "Federalism" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Angelo Museum of Fine Arts is an art museum serving 14 counties located in San Angelo, Texas. The museum features a growing permanent collection and is home to traveling exhibitions. In addition, it features a research library, an education wing, a rooftop sculpture collection, and community meeting space.", "title": "San Angelo Museum of Fine Arts" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language, minority languages include indigenous languages, and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory.", "title": "Languages of Brazil" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clements is an unincorporated community in San Joaquin County, California, United States. Clements is located on California State Route 12 and California State Route 88 east-northeast of Lodi. Although it is unincorporated, Clements has a post office with ZIP code 95227.", "title": "Clements, California" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cynthia Ona Innis (born 1969) is an American painter, sculptor and visual artist raised in San Diego and based out of Oakland. Her work has been described as \"paintings one doesn't look at so much as immerse oneself in\", as well as \"sensual\", \"organic\" and \"science fiction-y\" where \"a futuristic heaven-meets-hell\". Innis graduated with a B.A. from the University of California at Berkeley and earned her post-graduate M.F.A. from Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. She has received the San Francisco Arts Commission Honorarium, the James D. Phelan Award in printmaking, a MacDowell Colony Fellowship and Residency award, and the James D. Phelan Award in painting, among other awards and recognition.", "title": "Cynthia Ona Innis" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During their expedition, Guevara and Granado encounter the poverty of the indigenous peasants, and the movie assumes a greater seriousness once the men gain a better sense of the disparity between the ``haves ''(to which they belong) and the obviously exploited`` have - nots'' (who make up the majority of those they encounter) by traveling on foot. In Chile, for instance, they encounter a penniless and persecuted couple forced onto the road because of their communist beliefs. In a fire - lit scene, Guevara and Granado ashamedly admit to the couple that they are not out looking for work as well. The duo then accompanies the couple to the Chuquicamata copper mine, where Guevara becomes angry at the treatment of the workers.", "title": "The Motorcycle Diaries (film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Day of the World's Indigenous People's is observed on 9 August each year to promote and protect the rights of the world's indigenous population. This event also recognizes the achievements and contributions that indigenous people make to improve world issues such as environmental protection. It was first pronounced by the General Assembly of the United Nations in December 1994, marking the day of the first meeting of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations of the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, in 1982.", "title": "International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "San Clemente is a city and commune administered by the municipality of San Clemente, located in the Talca Province of Chile's Maule Region.", "title": "San Clemente, Chile" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Helen Douglass French (1900–1994) was an American architect. She worked together and independently with her husband, landscape architect Prentiss French. Helen French was born Helen Douglass in Arlington, Massachusetts in 1900. She earned her graduate degree in architecture at the Cambridge School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Massachusetts in 1921. After school, she worked at various firms in Boston and eventually traveled to Europe, where she studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, returning to the United States in 1927. That year, she married Prentiss French and the couple operated a private practice in Boston and Stockbridge, Massachusetts until 1932 when they relocated to Sarasota, Florida. They worked with architect Clarence Martin for ten years while in Sarasota. The couple then moved to San Francisco when Prentiss was employed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during World War II. There, French received her California certification in 1946. The couple worked in the same office in San Francisco until the 1960s, working together and independently on projects throughout Northern California.", "title": "Helen French (architect)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cuevas de San Clemente is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 59 inhabitants.", "title": "Cuevas de San Clemente" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Large numbers of Bolivian highland peasants retained indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of \"empowered caciques\" to further communal organization. Indigenous revolts took place frequently until 1953. While the National Revolutionary Movement government begun in 1952 discouraged self-identification as indigenous (reclassifying rural people as campesinos, or peasants), renewed ethnic and class militancy re-emerged in the Katarista movement beginning in the 1970s. Lowland indigenous peoples, mostly in the east, entered national politics through the 1990 March for Territory and Dignity organized by the CIDOB confederation. That march successfully pressured the national government to sign the ILO Convention 169 and to begin the still-ongoing process of recognizing and titling indigenous territories. The 1994 Law of Popular Participation granted \"grassroots territorial organizations\" that are recognized by the state certain rights to govern local areas.", "title": "Indigenous peoples of the Americas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gabb's snail also known as the San Clemente Island snail, scientific name Micrarionta gabbii, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helminthoglyptidae.", "title": "Gabb's snail" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Statue of Pope Clement X is one of the final sculptural works executed by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. It depicts Pope Clement X in the act of benediction, and is housed in the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica in the Palazzo Barberini, Rome.", "title": "Statue of Pope Clement X" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Post-painterly abstraction is a term created by art critic Clement Greenberg as the title for an exhibit he curated for the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1964, which subsequently travelled to the Walker Art Center and the Art Gallery of Toronto.", "title": "Post-painterly abstraction" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Territory Cops is an Australian factual television show that looks at the work of the police in Northern Territory, Australia. This observational documentary series began on the Crime and Investigation Network, premiering on 11 October 2012.", "title": "Territory Cops" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories. Meanwhile, the relationship between non-human primates in the subsistence and symbolism of indigenous lowland South American peoples has gained increased attention, as have ethno-biology and community-based conservation efforts.", "title": "Amazon rainforest" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sahara with Michael Palin is a four-part BBC television series presented by British comedian and travel presenter Michael Palin, and first broadcast in 2002. In it, Palin travelled around the Sahara in Northern - and Western Africa, meeting people and visiting places. The journey route included the following countries and territories: Gibraltar, Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Libya, Tunisia and Algeria.", "title": "Sahara with Michael Palin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Naval Auxiliary Landing Field (NALF) San Clemente Island , also known as Frederick Sherman Field, is a military airport located on San Clemente Island, in Los Angeles County, California, USA. It has been owned by the United States Navy since 1937, but came into its current importance during the past decade. It is the Navy's only remaining live fire range. San Clemente is the southernmost Channel Island, covering 57 square miles (150 km²). The island is approximately 21 nmi (39 km) long and is 4.5 nmi (8 km) across at its widest point. It lies 55 nmi (102 km) south of Long Beach and 68 nmi (130 km) west of San Diego, California.", "title": "Naval Auxiliary Landing Field San Clemente Island" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The former Fourth Church of Christ, Scientist, now known as the Internet Archive, is a historic Christian Science church building located at 300 Funston Avenue, corner of Clement Street, in the Richmond District of San Francisco, California. Built in 1923, it was designed by noted San Francisco architect Carl Werner in the Classical Revival style of architecture.", "title": "Fourth Church of Christ, Scientist (San Francisco, California)" } ]	In which province is San Clemente, from the country where Fuser and Alberto meet the indigenous couple who were traveling to look for work?	Talca Province	[]	Title: Sahara with Michael Palin Passage: Sahara with Michael Palin is a four-part BBC television series presented by British comedian and travel presenter Michael Palin, and first broadcast in 2002. In it, Palin travelled around the Sahara in Northern - and Western Africa, meeting people and visiting places. The journey route included the following countries and territories: Gibraltar, Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Niger, Libya, Tunisia and Algeria. Title: San Angelo Museum of Fine Arts Passage: The San Angelo Museum of Fine Arts is an art museum serving 14 counties located in San Angelo, Texas. The museum features a growing permanent collection and is home to traveling exhibitions. In addition, it features a research library, an education wing, a rooftop sculpture collection, and community meeting space. Title: San Clemente, Chile Passage: San Clemente is a city and commune administered by the municipality of San Clemente, located in the Talca Province of Chile's Maule Region. Title: International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples Passage: The International Day of the World's Indigenous People's is observed on 9 August each year to promote and protect the rights of the world's indigenous population. This event also recognizes the achievements and contributions that indigenous people make to improve world issues such as environmental protection. It was first pronounced by the General Assembly of the United Nations in December 1994, marking the day of the first meeting of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations of the Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, in 1982. Title: The Motorcycle Diaries (film) Passage: During their expedition, Guevara and Granado encounter the poverty of the indigenous peasants, and the movie assumes a greater seriousness once the men gain a better sense of the disparity between the ``haves ''(to which they belong) and the obviously exploited`` have - nots'' (who make up the majority of those they encounter) by traveling on foot. In Chile, for instance, they encounter a penniless and persecuted couple forced onto the road because of their communist beliefs. In a fire - lit scene, Guevara and Granado ashamedly admit to the couple that they are not out looking for work as well. The duo then accompanies the couple to the Chuquicamata copper mine, where Guevara becomes angry at the treatment of the workers. Title: Cuevas de San Clemente Passage: Cuevas de San Clemente is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 59 inhabitants. Title: Helen French (architect) Passage: Helen Douglass French (1900–1994) was an American architect. She worked together and independently with her husband, landscape architect Prentiss French. Helen French was born Helen Douglass in Arlington, Massachusetts in 1900. She earned her graduate degree in architecture at the Cambridge School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Massachusetts in 1921. After school, she worked at various firms in Boston and eventually traveled to Europe, where she studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts, returning to the United States in 1927. That year, she married Prentiss French and the couple operated a private practice in Boston and Stockbridge, Massachusetts until 1932 when they relocated to Sarasota, Florida. They worked with architect Clarence Martin for ten years while in Sarasota. The couple then moved to San Francisco when Prentiss was employed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during World War II. There, French received her California certification in 1946. The couple worked in the same office in San Francisco until the 1960s, working together and independently on projects throughout Northern California. Title: Statue of Pope Clement X Passage: The Statue of Pope Clement X is one of the final sculptural works executed by the Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini. It depicts Pope Clement X in the act of benediction, and is housed in the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica in the Palazzo Barberini, Rome. Title: Clements, California Passage: Clements is an unincorporated community in San Joaquin County, California, United States. Clements is located on California State Route 12 and California State Route 88 east-northeast of Lodi. Although it is unincorporated, Clements has a post office with ZIP code 95227. Title: Indigenous peoples of the Americas Passage: Large numbers of Bolivian highland peasants retained indigenous language, culture, customs, and communal organization throughout the Spanish conquest and the post-independence period. They mobilized to resist various attempts at the dissolution of communal landholdings and used legal recognition of "empowered caciques" to further communal organization. Indigenous revolts took place frequently until 1953. While the National Revolutionary Movement government begun in 1952 discouraged self-identification as indigenous (reclassifying rural people as campesinos, or peasants), renewed ethnic and class militancy re-emerged in the Katarista movement beginning in the 1970s. Lowland indigenous peoples, mostly in the east, entered national politics through the 1990 March for Territory and Dignity organized by the CIDOB confederation. That march successfully pressured the national government to sign the ILO Convention 169 and to begin the still-ongoing process of recognizing and titling indigenous territories. The 1994 Law of Popular Participation granted "grassroots territorial organizations" that are recognized by the state certain rights to govern local areas. Title: Federalism Passage: Usually, a federation is formed at two levels: the central government and the regions (states, provinces, territories), and little to nothing is said about second or third level administrative political entities. Brazil is an exception, because the 1988 Constitution included the municipalities as autonomous political entities making the federation tripartite, encompassing the Union, the States, and the municipalities. Each state is divided into municipalities (municípios) with their own legislative council (câmara de vereadores) and a mayor (prefeito), which are partly autonomous from both Federal and State Government. Each municipality has a "little constitution", called "organic law" (lei orgânica). Mexico is an intermediate case, in that municipalities are granted full-autonomy by the federal constitution and their existence as autonomous entities (municipio libre, "free municipality") is established by the federal government and cannot be revoked by the states' constitutions. Moreover, the federal constitution determines which powers and competencies belong exclusively to the municipalities and not to the constituent states. However, municipalities do not have an elected legislative assembly. Title: Gabb's snail Passage: Gabb's snail also known as the San Clemente Island snail, scientific name Micrarionta gabbii, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Helminthoglyptidae. Title: Le Travel Store Passage: Le Travel Store, based in San Diego, California, was a retail store that sells travel gear. Founded in 1976, Le Travel Store claims to be the first business to call itself a "travel store," and, the first retail store to cater to backpackers and other independent travelers, selling luggage, travel accessories, guidebooks, maps, and backpacks in a single retail location. Title: Cynthia Ona Innis Passage: Cynthia Ona Innis (born 1969) is an American painter, sculptor and visual artist raised in San Diego and based out of Oakland. Her work has been described as "paintings one doesn't look at so much as immerse oneself in", as well as "sensual", "organic" and "science fiction-y" where "a futuristic heaven-meets-hell". Innis graduated with a B.A. from the University of California at Berkeley and earned her post-graduate M.F.A. from Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. She has received the San Francisco Arts Commission Honorarium, the James D. Phelan Award in printmaking, a MacDowell Colony Fellowship and Residency award, and the James D. Phelan Award in painting, among other awards and recognition. Title: Naval Auxiliary Landing Field San Clemente Island Passage: Naval Auxiliary Landing Field (NALF) San Clemente Island , also known as Frederick Sherman Field, is a military airport located on San Clemente Island, in Los Angeles County, California, USA. It has been owned by the United States Navy since 1937, but came into its current importance during the past decade. It is the Navy's only remaining live fire range. San Clemente is the southernmost Channel Island, covering 57 square miles (150 km²). The island is approximately 21 nmi (39 km) long and is 4.5 nmi (8 km) across at its widest point. It lies 55 nmi (102 km) south of Long Beach and 68 nmi (130 km) west of San Diego, California. Title: Territory Cops Passage: Territory Cops is an Australian factual television show that looks at the work of the police in Northern Territory, Australia. This observational documentary series began on the Crime and Investigation Network, premiering on 11 October 2012. Title: Languages of Brazil Passage: Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and is widely spoken by most of population. Brazilian Sign Language is also an official language, minority languages include indigenous languages, and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants. The population speaks or signs approximately 210 languages, of which 180 are indigenous. Less than forty thousand people actually speak any one of the indigenous languages in the Brazilian territory. Title: Fourth Church of Christ, Scientist (San Francisco, California) Passage: The former Fourth Church of Christ, Scientist, now known as the Internet Archive, is a historic Christian Science church building located at 300 Funston Avenue, corner of Clement Street, in the Richmond District of San Francisco, California. Built in 1923, it was designed by noted San Francisco architect Carl Werner in the Classical Revival style of architecture. Title: Amazon rainforest Passage: As indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories. Meanwhile, the relationship between non-human primates in the subsistence and symbolism of indigenous lowland South American peoples has gained increased attention, as have ethno-biology and community-based conservation efforts. Title: Post-painterly abstraction Passage: Post-painterly abstraction is a term created by art critic Clement Greenberg as the title for an exhibit he curated for the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1964, which subsequently travelled to the Walker Art Center and the Art Gallery of Toronto.	[ "The Motorcycle Diaries (film)", "San Clemente, Chile" ]
2hop__95773_51329	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Released theatrically by 20th Century Fox in June 1976, \"The Omen\" received acclaim from critics and was a commercial success, grossing over $60 million at the box office and becoming one of the highest-grossing films of 1976. The film earned two Oscar nominations, and won for Best Original Score for Jerry Goldsmith, his only Oscar win. A scene from the film appeared at #16 on Bravo's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments. The film spawned a franchise, starting with \"\", released two years later, and followed by a third installment, \"\", in 1981. A remake was released in 2006.", "title": "The Omen" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johnny, You're Wanted is a 1956 British crime B-movie, directed by Vernon Sewell and starring John Slater. The film features famous strongwoman Joan Rhodes performing her stage act.", "title": "Johnny, You're Wanted" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chhoti Si Baat is a 1976 Hindi romantic comedy film directed by Basu Chatterjee. The film's title means \"A Small Matter\" in Hindi. Considered one of the best Hindi comedy films of the 1970s, it is a nostalgic favourite for its quirky take on pre-hypercongestion Bombay. The film became a box office hit and also earned Filmfare nominations and a Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay for Basu Chatterjee. The movie is loosely based on the 1960 British movie \"School for Scoundrels\".", "title": "Chhoti Si Baat" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Crime School is a 1938 Warner Bros. film directed by Lewis Seiler and starring the Dead End Kids and Humphrey Bogart.", "title": "Crime School" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Master Mind is a 1914 American silent crime/drama film released by Paramount Pictures, directed by Oscar Apfel and Cecil B. DeMille and stars Edmund Breese. The film is based on the play of the same name by Daniel D. Carter.", "title": "The Master Mind" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tumbleweeds is a 1925 American Western film starring and produced by William S. Hart. It depicts the Cherokee Strip land rush of 1893. The film is said to have influenced the Oscar-winning 1931 Western \"Cimarron\", which also depicts the land rush. The 1939 Astor Pictures' re-release of \"Tumbleweeds\" includes an 8-minute introduction by the then 75-year-old Hart as he talks about his career and the \"glories of the old west.\" \"Tumbleweeds\" was Hart's last movie.", "title": "Tumbleweeds (1925 film)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lost in Munich () is a 2015 Czech comedy film directed by Petr Zelenka. The movie plot and title is inspired by \"Lost in La Mancha\", a documentary film about Terry Gilliam's unfinished movie.", "title": "Lost in Munich" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Petter Næss (born 14 March 1960 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian actor and film director. His first film as a director was the comedy \"Absolutt blåmandag\" in 1999. Næss is best known for his work directing two of the three films about Ingvar Ambjørnsen's Elling character, \"Elling\" (2000), which was nominated for the foreign language film Oscar and \"Elsk meg i morgen\" (Love Me Tomorrow), (2005), in addition to \"Bare Bea\" (2003), \"Mozart and the Whale\" (2005) and \"Hoppet\" (\"The Jump\", 2007) in Sweden. In 2008 Næss portrayed the war hero Martin Linge in the movie \"Max Manus\".", "title": "Petter Næss" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2012. The Artist was the second silent feature to win Best Picture. The 1927 film Wings was the first such film to achieve this distinction at the inaugural awards ceremony in 1929. Moreover, it was also the first black - and - white feature to win Best Picture since 1993's Schindler's List. Best Actor winner Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar. With her latest win for Best Actress, Meryl Streep became the fifth performer to win at least three acting Oscars. At age 82, Best Supporting Actor winner Christopher Plummer also made Oscar history by becoming the oldest ever performer to win a competitive acting Oscar.", "title": "84th Academy Awards" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During a film career of almost 30 years, Bogart appeared in more than 75 feature films. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bogart as the greatest male star of Classic American cinema. Over his career, he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one (for The African Queen).", "title": "Humphrey Bogart" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Road to El Dorado is a 2000 American animated adventure musical fantasy comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation. It was directed by Eric ``Bibo ''Bergeron and Don Paul; Will Finn and David Silverman directed additional sequences. The film stars Kevin Kline, Kenneth Branagh, Armand Assante, Jim Cummings, Edward James Olmos, Tobin Bell and Rosie Perez. The soundtrack features songs by Elton John and Tim Rice (the Oscar winning songwriting team of Disney's The Lion King), as well as composers Hans Zimmer and John Powell.", "title": "The Road to El Dorado" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Columbia Pictures released When Harry Met Sally... in select cities, letting word of mouth generate interest, before gradually expanding distribution. The film grossed $92.8 million in North America. Ephron received a British Academy Film Award, an Oscar nomination, and a Writers Guild of America Award nomination for her screenplay. The film is ranked 23rd on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs list of the top comedy films in American cinema and number 60 on Bravo's \"100 Funniest Movies\". In early 2004, the film was adapted for the stage in a production starring Luke Perry and Alyson Hannigan.", "title": "When Harry Met Sally..." }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fred Gwynne's performance as Jud Crandall in Pet Sematary was based on author Stephen King himself, who is only an inch shorter than the actor, and uses a similarly thick Maine dialect. Gwynne also had roles in the movies Simon, On the Waterfront, So Fine, Disorganized Crime, The Cotton Club, Captains Courageous, The Secret of My Success, Water, Ironweed, Fatal Attraction and The Boy Who Could Fly. Despite his misgiving about having been typecast, he also agreed to reprise the role of Herman Munster for the 1981 TV reunion movie The Munsters' Revenge. Gwynne played Judge Chamberlain Haller in his last film, the 1992 comedy My Cousin Vinny. As a Yale Law School - educated judge in the film, he used a Southern accent in his verbal sparring with Joe Pesci's character, Vincent ``Vinny ''Gambini.", "title": "Fred Gwynne" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 23, 1998. With eleven awards, Titanic tied with Ben - Hur for the most academy awards in Oscar history. It also became the first film to win Best Picture without a screenplay nomination since 1965's The Sound of Music. Best Actress winner Helen Hunt was the first performer to win an Oscar while concurrently starring in a television series; Jack Nicholson became the fourth performer to win at least three acting Oscars. Both won for their roles in As Good as it Gets, making it the seventh film to win both lead acting awards. Nominated for their performances as Rose DeWitt Bukater in Titanic, Best Actress nominee Kate Winslet and Best Supporting Actress nominee Gloria Stuart became the first pair of actress nominated for portraying the same character in the same film. At age 87, Stuart also became the oldest performer nominated for a competitive Oscar.", "title": "70th Academy Awards" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Finding Fela is a 2014 documentary film by Oscar-winning director Alex Gibney, portraying and analysing the life of pioneering musician Fela Kuti. The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014.", "title": "Finding Fela" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heureux Anniversaire (also known as \"Happy Anniversary\") is a 1962 French short comedy film directed by Pierre Étaix. It won an Oscar in 1963 for Best Short Subject.", "title": "Heureux Anniversaire" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marina began her acting career with a role in the Italian comedy \"Che notte quella notte!\" (1976) and the little-known film \"Quella strana voglia d'amare\" (1977) but her best-known film is the gritty crime thriller \"La belva col mitra\" (a.k.a. \"The Beast With a Gun\") from 1977, starring Helmut Berger and Marisa Mell.", "title": "Marina Giordana" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Night of the Iguana is a stage play written by American author Tennessee Williams, based on his 1948 short story. First staged as a one-act play in 1959, Williams developed it into a full-length play over the next two years, staging two different versions in 1959 and 1960, before arriving at the three-act version of the text which premiered on Broadway in 1961. Two film adaptations have been made, including the Oscar-winning 1964 film directed by John Huston and starring Richard Burton, Ava Gardner, and Deborah Kerr. The other is a 2000 Croatian production.", "title": "The Night of the Iguana" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ashta Chamma is a 2008 Telugu comedy film written and directed by Mohan Krishna Indraganti. The film deals with four quirky characters interwoven in a romantic narration. The film stars Colours Swathi, Nani, Srinivas Avasarala and Bhargavi in the lead with Tanikella Bharani in a supporting role. The movie is an adaptation of Oscar Wilde's play The Importance of Being Earnest. Upon release, the movie received positive reviews and became a super hit at the box office. Colours Swathi and Nani's performances were the main highlights of this film.", "title": "Ashta Chamma" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Almost Perfect Crime, also known as \"Delitto quasi perfetto\" and \"Imperfect Murder\", is a 1966 Italian crime-comedy film written and directed by Mario Camerini.", "title": "The Almost Perfect Crime" } ]	What movie did the person who acted in the comedy film Crime School win his only Oscar for?	The African Queen	[]	Title: When Harry Met Sally... Passage: Columbia Pictures released When Harry Met Sally... in select cities, letting word of mouth generate interest, before gradually expanding distribution. The film grossed $92.8 million in North America. Ephron received a British Academy Film Award, an Oscar nomination, and a Writers Guild of America Award nomination for her screenplay. The film is ranked 23rd on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs list of the top comedy films in American cinema and number 60 on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies". In early 2004, the film was adapted for the stage in a production starring Luke Perry and Alyson Hannigan. Title: The Omen Passage: Released theatrically by 20th Century Fox in June 1976, "The Omen" received acclaim from critics and was a commercial success, grossing over $60 million at the box office and becoming one of the highest-grossing films of 1976. The film earned two Oscar nominations, and won for Best Original Score for Jerry Goldsmith, his only Oscar win. A scene from the film appeared at #16 on Bravo's The 100 Scariest Movie Moments. The film spawned a franchise, starting with "", released two years later, and followed by a third installment, "", in 1981. A remake was released in 2006. Title: Humphrey Bogart Passage: During a film career of almost 30 years, Bogart appeared in more than 75 feature films. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bogart as the greatest male star of Classic American cinema. Over his career, he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one (for The African Queen). Title: 70th Academy Awards Passage: The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 23, 1998. With eleven awards, Titanic tied with Ben - Hur for the most academy awards in Oscar history. It also became the first film to win Best Picture without a screenplay nomination since 1965's The Sound of Music. Best Actress winner Helen Hunt was the first performer to win an Oscar while concurrently starring in a television series; Jack Nicholson became the fourth performer to win at least three acting Oscars. Both won for their roles in As Good as it Gets, making it the seventh film to win both lead acting awards. Nominated for their performances as Rose DeWitt Bukater in Titanic, Best Actress nominee Kate Winslet and Best Supporting Actress nominee Gloria Stuart became the first pair of actress nominated for portraying the same character in the same film. At age 87, Stuart also became the oldest performer nominated for a competitive Oscar. Title: The Night of the Iguana Passage: The Night of the Iguana is a stage play written by American author Tennessee Williams, based on his 1948 short story. First staged as a one-act play in 1959, Williams developed it into a full-length play over the next two years, staging two different versions in 1959 and 1960, before arriving at the three-act version of the text which premiered on Broadway in 1961. Two film adaptations have been made, including the Oscar-winning 1964 film directed by John Huston and starring Richard Burton, Ava Gardner, and Deborah Kerr. The other is a 2000 Croatian production. Title: Marina Giordana Passage: Marina began her acting career with a role in the Italian comedy "Che notte quella notte!" (1976) and the little-known film "Quella strana voglia d'amare" (1977) but her best-known film is the gritty crime thriller "La belva col mitra" (a.k.a. "The Beast With a Gun") from 1977, starring Helmut Berger and Marisa Mell. Title: Finding Fela Passage: Finding Fela is a 2014 documentary film by Oscar-winning director Alex Gibney, portraying and analysing the life of pioneering musician Fela Kuti. The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014. Title: Heureux Anniversaire Passage: Heureux Anniversaire (also known as "Happy Anniversary") is a 1962 French short comedy film directed by Pierre Étaix. It won an Oscar in 1963 for Best Short Subject. Title: Ashta Chamma Passage: Ashta Chamma is a 2008 Telugu comedy film written and directed by Mohan Krishna Indraganti. The film deals with four quirky characters interwoven in a romantic narration. The film stars Colours Swathi, Nani, Srinivas Avasarala and Bhargavi in the lead with Tanikella Bharani in a supporting role. The movie is an adaptation of Oscar Wilde's play The Importance of Being Earnest. Upon release, the movie received positive reviews and became a super hit at the box office. Colours Swathi and Nani's performances were the main highlights of this film. Title: Johnny, You're Wanted Passage: Johnny, You're Wanted is a 1956 British crime B-movie, directed by Vernon Sewell and starring John Slater. The film features famous strongwoman Joan Rhodes performing her stage act. Title: The Almost Perfect Crime Passage: The Almost Perfect Crime, also known as "Delitto quasi perfetto" and "Imperfect Murder", is a 1966 Italian crime-comedy film written and directed by Mario Camerini. Title: 84th Academy Awards Passage: The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on February 26, 2012. The Artist was the second silent feature to win Best Picture. The 1927 film Wings was the first such film to achieve this distinction at the inaugural awards ceremony in 1929. Moreover, it was also the first black - and - white feature to win Best Picture since 1993's Schindler's List. Best Actor winner Jean Dujardin became the first French actor to win an Oscar. With her latest win for Best Actress, Meryl Streep became the fifth performer to win at least three acting Oscars. At age 82, Best Supporting Actor winner Christopher Plummer also made Oscar history by becoming the oldest ever performer to win a competitive acting Oscar. Title: Fred Gwynne Passage: Fred Gwynne's performance as Jud Crandall in Pet Sematary was based on author Stephen King himself, who is only an inch shorter than the actor, and uses a similarly thick Maine dialect. Gwynne also had roles in the movies Simon, On the Waterfront, So Fine, Disorganized Crime, The Cotton Club, Captains Courageous, The Secret of My Success, Water, Ironweed, Fatal Attraction and The Boy Who Could Fly. Despite his misgiving about having been typecast, he also agreed to reprise the role of Herman Munster for the 1981 TV reunion movie The Munsters' Revenge. Gwynne played Judge Chamberlain Haller in his last film, the 1992 comedy My Cousin Vinny. As a Yale Law School - educated judge in the film, he used a Southern accent in his verbal sparring with Joe Pesci's character, Vincent ``Vinny ''Gambini. Title: The Road to El Dorado Passage: The Road to El Dorado is a 2000 American animated adventure musical fantasy comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation. It was directed by Eric ``Bibo ''Bergeron and Don Paul; Will Finn and David Silverman directed additional sequences. The film stars Kevin Kline, Kenneth Branagh, Armand Assante, Jim Cummings, Edward James Olmos, Tobin Bell and Rosie Perez. The soundtrack features songs by Elton John and Tim Rice (the Oscar winning songwriting team of Disney's The Lion King), as well as composers Hans Zimmer and John Powell. Title: Lost in Munich Passage: Lost in Munich () is a 2015 Czech comedy film directed by Petr Zelenka. The movie plot and title is inspired by "Lost in La Mancha", a documentary film about Terry Gilliam's unfinished movie. Title: Crime School Passage: Crime School is a 1938 Warner Bros. film directed by Lewis Seiler and starring the Dead End Kids and Humphrey Bogart. Title: Petter Næss Passage: Petter Næss (born 14 March 1960 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian actor and film director. His first film as a director was the comedy "Absolutt blåmandag" in 1999. Næss is best known for his work directing two of the three films about Ingvar Ambjørnsen's Elling character, "Elling" (2000), which was nominated for the foreign language film Oscar and "Elsk meg i morgen" (Love Me Tomorrow), (2005), in addition to "Bare Bea" (2003), "Mozart and the Whale" (2005) and "Hoppet" ("The Jump", 2007) in Sweden. In 2008 Næss portrayed the war hero Martin Linge in the movie "Max Manus". Title: Tumbleweeds (1925 film) Passage: Tumbleweeds is a 1925 American Western film starring and produced by William S. Hart. It depicts the Cherokee Strip land rush of 1893. The film is said to have influenced the Oscar-winning 1931 Western "Cimarron", which also depicts the land rush. The 1939 Astor Pictures' re-release of "Tumbleweeds" includes an 8-minute introduction by the then 75-year-old Hart as he talks about his career and the "glories of the old west." "Tumbleweeds" was Hart's last movie. Title: The Master Mind Passage: The Master Mind is a 1914 American silent crime/drama film released by Paramount Pictures, directed by Oscar Apfel and Cecil B. DeMille and stars Edmund Breese. The film is based on the play of the same name by Daniel D. Carter. Title: Chhoti Si Baat Passage: Chhoti Si Baat is a 1976 Hindi romantic comedy film directed by Basu Chatterjee. The film's title means "A Small Matter" in Hindi. Considered one of the best Hindi comedy films of the 1970s, it is a nostalgic favourite for its quirky take on pre-hypercongestion Bombay. The film became a box office hit and also earned Filmfare nominations and a Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay for Basu Chatterjee. The movie is loosely based on the 1960 British movie "School for Scoundrels".	[ "Crime School", "Humphrey Bogart" ]
2hop__49409_67668	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barney has three half - siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode ``The Rebound Girl ''); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one - night stand in`` Ring Up!'', and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode ``Okay Awesome ''.", "title": "Barney Stinson" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lilla Crawford (born March 28, 2001) is an American actress best known for portraying the title role in the 2012 Broadway revival of Annie. She made her feature - film debut playing Little Red Riding Hood in the 2014 Disney film Into the Woods. Since 2017, Crawford has voiced the leading character in the Nickelodeon series Sunny Day.", "title": "Lilla Crawford" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barney Stinson is one of five main characters on How I Met Your Mother. He is a manipulative, oversexed businessman in his thirties who always wears a suit, likes women with ``daddy issues ''and is frequently willing to offer his (sometimes hypocritical) opinion. Throughout the earlier seasons, Barney is a huge womanizer, and has been described as a`` high - functioning sociopath'' by his best friend, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor). Barney has a plethora of strategies and rules designed to meet women, sleep with them, and discard them. Through several seasons of the show, four (4) of the main characters are couples, as Ted began dating Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders) and Ted's roommate Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) becomes engaged and later married to Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan). This leaves Barney the only single character, and, according to Harris, Barney is ``resentful ''that the other characters have paired up. Later on, in season 5, he dates Robin. They end up breaking up not long after, once they both realize they are making one another miserable.", "title": "Barney Stinson" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Henrie guest starred in many shows such as Providence, Without a Trace, The Mullets, Judging Amy, The D.A., Jack & Bobby, NCIS, House, and Cold Case. Before his role on Wizards of Waverly Place, he had a recurring role on That's So Raven as Cory's friend Larry. Henrie also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother, where he played Ted's future son.", "title": "David Henrie" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Batman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct - to - video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on July 27, 2010. The film stars Bruce Greenwood as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Jensen Ackles as the Red Hood / Jason Todd, John DiMaggio as the Joker, Neil Patrick Harris as Nightwing / Dick Grayson, Jason Isaacs as Ra's al Ghul, and Wade Williams as Black Mask. The screenplay was written by Judd Winick, who also wrote the ``Under the Hood ''run in the monthly Batman comic.", "title": "Batman: Under the Red Hood" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with a 27 - year - old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long - lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), womanizing - playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a ``will they or wo n't they ''relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Foresters or, Robin Hood and Maid Marian is a play written by Alfred Tennyson and first produced with success in New York in 1892. A set of incidental music in nine movements was composed for the play by Arthur Sullivan.", "title": "The Foresters" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tracy McConnell, better known as ``The Mother '', is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carlos \"Batman\" Buttice (December 17, 1942 in Monte Grande, Argentina – August 3, 2018) was a football Goalkeeper. Buttice played for most of his career in clubs of Argentina, Brazil and Chile.In Chile Buttice played for Unión Española. He was part of the 1977 Unión Española team that won the Primera División de Chile.", "title": "Carlos Buttice" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Played by Wayne Brady, James is Barney's gay African - American half - brother; they are very alike and act as each other's ``wingmen ''. This changes when James meets Tom, his future husband. Barney tries to stop his brother from marrying but changes his mind when he learns that they are adopting a baby. James marries Tom and they have a son named Eli. In the season 6 episode`` Cleaning House,'' James finds out his father is Sam Gibbs after he and Barney discover an unsent letter that their mother Loretta addressed to him. At the end of ``The Rebound Girl '', it is revealed that James and Tom have adopted an infant daughter named Sadie. In`` Coming Back'', James announces that he is getting a divorce after Tom discovered him cheating. Robin wins James' wedding ring in ``The Poker Game ''and refuses to give it back because James has been saying that she and Barney should not get married. Barney initially stands by his brother, but then realizes that James' selfishness is what caused his own marriage to fail. James reveals that Gary Blauman was one of the guys that he cheated on Tom with in`` Gary Blauman''. Future Ted explains to his children that James and Tom did eventually get back together, and raised Eli and Sadie as a happy family.", "title": "List of How I Met Your Mother characters" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, magician, and singer, known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 -- 1993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf on A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017 onward).", "title": "Neil Patrick Harris" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in ``Last Forever '', the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans.", "title": "The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Henry Massey (1871–1940), was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds. He played in 13 games for the 1894 Reds during September, 1894. His minor league playing career lasted through 1909.", "title": "Bill Massey (baseball)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Played by Britney Spears; appears in ``Ten Sessions ''and`` Everything Must Go''. Abby is Stella's receptionist. Very energetic and scatterbrained, she developed an obsessive crush on Ted while he was pursuing Stella. Barney ended up sleeping with her. It was announced Spears would appear on the show in March 2008; most critics complimented her acting in ``Ten Sessions '', with Segel noting that she improvised a few`` really good'' lines. However, her scenes in ``Everything Must Go ''were described as`` rushed and awkward'', and her character as ``silly ''. An article in Bustle ranked her top in a list of guest stars on How I Met Your Mother.", "title": "List of How I Met Your Mother characters" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby, an architect, college professor and the central character of the series. He is the main protagonist where he tells the story of his adult years from his late twenties to his early thirties and about all his obstacles he has to endure before he meets The One aka the Mother. This story is told by the Older Ted Mosby, and narrator of the series, Bob Saget. Ted moved to New York City with his friends Marshall and Lily after graduating from Wesleyan University. In New York, he met Barney at the urinal of MacLaren's and Robin, to whom he was immediately attracted. Ted is on a quest for happiness and ``The One '', the woman he will marry. Ted prefers more elegant and high - class interests than his friends have. He goes to great lengths to profess his love to the women in his life, but they all falter eventually. Despite these qualities, Ted often acts immaturely, such as partaking in wild activities with Barney. He meets the love of his life (the titular Mother) in the show's finale.", "title": "How I Met Your Mother" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Having grown up in a laboratory, Damian Wayne as a pre-adolescent is left by his mother in the care of his father, who had been unaware of his son's existence. He is violent and self - important and was trained by the League of Assassins, learning to kill at a young age, which troubles the relationship with his father, who refuses to kill. However, the Dark Knight does care for his lost progeny. After the events of Batman R.I.P. and Batman: Battle for the Cowl, he takes the role of Robin at ten years of age, becoming the fifth person to use the Robin persona. He first worked with Dick Grayson before going to work alongside his father, upon the original's return to the role of Batman. He continued to serve as Robin until 2013's Batman, Inc. # 8, in which he is killed by the Heretic, an agent of his mother and his own artificially - aged clone. In 2014's Batman and Robin vol. 2, # 37, Batman resurrects Damian Wayne.", "title": "Damian Wayne" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mr. Freeze was played by George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach in the original Batman television series, by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 film Batman & Robin, and by Nathan Darrow on the TV series Gotham. He was voiced by Michael Ansara in Batman: The Animated Series, by Clancy Brown in The Batman, and by Maurice LaMarche in the Batman: Arkham video game franchise. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as # 67.", "title": "Mr. Freeze" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as That Face, Stunning, and the Tony Award - winning musical Once. She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street, and Betsy Solverson in the second season of Fargo (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award.", "title": "Cristin Milioti" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2004, Oldman returned to prominence when he landed a significant role in the Harry Potter film series, playing Harry Potter's godfather Sirius Black. The following year, he starred as James Gordon in Christopher Nolan's commercially and critically successful Batman Begins, a role that he reprised in the even more successful sequel The Dark Knight (2008) and once more in the conclusion, The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Prominent film critic Mark Kermode, in reviewing The Dark Knight, downplayed claims that Heath Ledger's Joker was the highlight of the film, saying, ``the best performance in the film, by a mile, is Gary Oldman's... it would be lovely to see him get a (n Academy Award) nomination because actually, he's the guy who gets kind of overlooked in all of this. ''Oldman co-starred with Jim Carrey in the 2009 version of A Christmas Carol in which Oldman played three roles. He had a starring role in David Goyer's supernatural thriller The Unborn, released in 2009. In 2010, Oldman co-starred with Denzel Washington in The Book of Eli. He also played a lead role in Catherine Hardwicke's Red Riding Hood. Oldman voiced the role of villain Lord Shen and was nominated for an Annie Award for his performance in Kung Fu Panda 2.", "title": "Gary Oldman" } ]	What character does the actor who played Barney on How I Met Your Mother play in Batman Under the Red Hood?	Nightwing / Dick Grayson	[ "Nightwing", "Dick Grayson", "Batman", "Robin" ]	Title: Batman: Under the Red Hood Passage: Batman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero direct - to - video film produced by Warner Bros. Animation and released by Warner Home Video. It is the eighth feature in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series. It was released on July 27, 2010. The film stars Bruce Greenwood as Bruce Wayne / Batman, Jensen Ackles as the Red Hood / Jason Todd, John DiMaggio as the Joker, Neil Patrick Harris as Nightwing / Dick Grayson, Jason Isaacs as Ra's al Ghul, and Wade Williams as Black Mask. The screenplay was written by Judd Winick, who also wrote the ``Under the Hood ''run in the monthly Batman comic. Title: Cristin Milioti Passage: Cristin Milioti (born August 16, 1985) is an American actress and vocalist. She has worked in Broadway theatre productions such as That Face, Stunning, and the Tony Award - winning musical Once. She also played the titular Mother on the sitcom How I Met Your Mother from 2013 to 2014, Teresa Petrillo Belfort in the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street, and Betsy Solverson in the second season of Fargo (2015). She has won a Grammy Award and has been nominated for a Tony Award. Title: Barney Stinson Passage: Barney Stinson is one of five main characters on How I Met Your Mother. He is a manipulative, oversexed businessman in his thirties who always wears a suit, likes women with ``daddy issues ''and is frequently willing to offer his (sometimes hypocritical) opinion. Throughout the earlier seasons, Barney is a huge womanizer, and has been described as a`` high - functioning sociopath'' by his best friend, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor). Barney has a plethora of strategies and rules designed to meet women, sleep with them, and discard them. Through several seasons of the show, four (4) of the main characters are couples, as Ted began dating Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders) and Ted's roommate Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) becomes engaged and later married to Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan). This leaves Barney the only single character, and, according to Harris, Barney is ``resentful ''that the other characters have paired up. Later on, in season 5, he dates Robin. They end up breaking up not long after, once they both realize they are making one another miserable. Title: Lilla Crawford Passage: Lilla Crawford (born March 28, 2001) is an American actress best known for portraying the title role in the 2012 Broadway revival of Annie. She made her feature - film debut playing Little Red Riding Hood in the 2014 Disney film Into the Woods. Since 2017, Crawford has voiced the leading character in the Nickelodeon series Sunny Day. Title: Mr. Freeze Passage: Mr. Freeze was played by George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach in the original Batman television series, by Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 film Batman & Robin, and by Nathan Darrow on the TV series Gotham. He was voiced by Michael Ansara in Batman: The Animated Series, by Clancy Brown in The Batman, and by Maurice LaMarche in the Batman: Arkham video game franchise. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr. Freeze as # 67. Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including the fact that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment. Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson and Robin Scherbatsky's wedding; this scene is shown in ``Last Forever '', the series finale. The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans. Title: David Henrie Passage: Henrie guest starred in many shows such as Providence, Without a Trace, The Mullets, Judging Amy, The D.A., Jack & Bobby, NCIS, House, and Cold Case. Before his role on Wizards of Waverly Place, he had a recurring role on That's So Raven as Cory's friend Larry. Henrie also had a recurring role on How I Met Your Mother, where he played Ted's future son. Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: Tracy McConnell, better known as ``The Mother '', is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti. Title: List of How I Met Your Mother characters Passage: Played by Wayne Brady, James is Barney's gay African - American half - brother; they are very alike and act as each other's ``wingmen ''. This changes when James meets Tom, his future husband. Barney tries to stop his brother from marrying but changes his mind when he learns that they are adopting a baby. James marries Tom and they have a son named Eli. In the season 6 episode`` Cleaning House,'' James finds out his father is Sam Gibbs after he and Barney discover an unsent letter that their mother Loretta addressed to him. At the end of ``The Rebound Girl '', it is revealed that James and Tom have adopted an infant daughter named Sadie. In`` Coming Back'', James announces that he is getting a divorce after Tom discovered him cheating. Robin wins James' wedding ring in ``The Poker Game ''and refuses to give it back because James has been saying that she and Barney should not get married. Barney initially stands by his brother, but then realizes that James' selfishness is what caused his own marriage to fail. James reveals that Gary Blauman was one of the guys that he cheated on Tom with in`` Gary Blauman''. Future Ted explains to his children that James and Tom did eventually get back together, and raised Eli and Sadie as a happy family. Title: List of How I Met Your Mother characters Passage: Played by Britney Spears; appears in ``Ten Sessions ''and`` Everything Must Go''. Abby is Stella's receptionist. Very energetic and scatterbrained, she developed an obsessive crush on Ted while he was pursuing Stella. Barney ended up sleeping with her. It was announced Spears would appear on the show in March 2008; most critics complimented her acting in ``Ten Sessions '', with Segel noting that she improvised a few`` really good'' lines. However, her scenes in ``Everything Must Go ''were described as`` rushed and awkward'', and her character as ``silly ''. An article in Bustle ranked her top in a list of guest stars on How I Met Your Mother. Title: Gary Oldman Passage: In 2004, Oldman returned to prominence when he landed a significant role in the Harry Potter film series, playing Harry Potter's godfather Sirius Black. The following year, he starred as James Gordon in Christopher Nolan's commercially and critically successful Batman Begins, a role that he reprised in the even more successful sequel The Dark Knight (2008) and once more in the conclusion, The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Prominent film critic Mark Kermode, in reviewing The Dark Knight, downplayed claims that Heath Ledger's Joker was the highlight of the film, saying, ``the best performance in the film, by a mile, is Gary Oldman's... it would be lovely to see him get a (n Academy Award) nomination because actually, he's the guy who gets kind of overlooked in all of this. ''Oldman co-starred with Jim Carrey in the 2009 version of A Christmas Carol in which Oldman played three roles. He had a starring role in David Goyer's supernatural thriller The Unborn, released in 2009. In 2010, Oldman co-starred with Denzel Washington in The Book of Eli. He also played a lead role in Catherine Hardwicke's Red Riding Hood. Oldman voiced the role of villain Lord Shen and was nominated for an Annie Award for his performance in Kung Fu Panda 2. Title: Carlos Buttice Passage: Carlos "Batman" Buttice (December 17, 1942 in Monte Grande, Argentina – August 3, 2018) was a football Goalkeeper. Buttice played for most of his career in clubs of Argentina, Brazil and Chile.In Chile Buttice played for Unión Española. He was part of the 1977 Unión Española team that won the Primera División de Chile. Title: Damian Wayne Passage: Having grown up in a laboratory, Damian Wayne as a pre-adolescent is left by his mother in the care of his father, who had been unaware of his son's existence. He is violent and self - important and was trained by the League of Assassins, learning to kill at a young age, which troubles the relationship with his father, who refuses to kill. However, the Dark Knight does care for his lost progeny. After the events of Batman R.I.P. and Batman: Battle for the Cowl, he takes the role of Robin at ten years of age, becoming the fifth person to use the Robin persona. He first worked with Dick Grayson before going to work alongside his father, upon the original's return to the role of Batman. He continued to serve as Robin until 2013's Batman, Inc. # 8, in which he is killed by the Heretic, an agent of his mother and his own artificially - aged clone. In 2014's Batman and Robin vol. 2, # 37, Batman resurrects Damian Wayne. Title: Barney Stinson Passage: Barney has three half - siblings: James (played by Wayne Brady), from his mother's side, a gay African American who is married to a man, with whom he has an adopted son and daughter (as revealed in the season seven episode ``The Rebound Girl ''); Carly (played by Ashley Benson), a university student from his father's side with whom Ted has a one - night stand in`` Ring Up!'', and Jerome Jr. (JJ), from his father's side, who is 11. He also has a female cousin named Leslie, with whom he accidentally grinds in a nightclub, as seen in the episode ``Okay Awesome ''. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: The series concerns the adventures of Ted Mosby (played by Josh Radnor) narrating the story of how he met the mother of his children. The story goes into a flashback and starts in 2005 with a 27 - year - old Ted Mosby living in New York City and working as an architect; the narrative deals primarily with his best friends, including the long - lasting couple Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel) and Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), womanizing - playboy Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris), and news reporter Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders). The lives of all characters are entwined in each others. The series explores many storylines, including a ``will they or wo n't they ''relationship between Robin and each of the two single male friends, Marshall and Lily's relationship, and the ups and downs of the characters' careers. Title: The Foresters Passage: The Foresters or, Robin Hood and Maid Marian is a play written by Alfred Tennyson and first produced with success in New York in 1892. A set of incidental music in nine movements was composed for the play by Arthur Sullivan. Title: Bill Massey (baseball) Passage: William Henry Massey (1871–1940), was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds. He played in 13 games for the 1894 Reds during September, 1894. His minor league playing career lasted through 1909. Title: How I Met Your Mother Passage: Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby, an architect, college professor and the central character of the series. He is the main protagonist where he tells the story of his adult years from his late twenties to his early thirties and about all his obstacles he has to endure before he meets The One aka the Mother. This story is told by the Older Ted Mosby, and narrator of the series, Bob Saget. Ted moved to New York City with his friends Marshall and Lily after graduating from Wesleyan University. In New York, he met Barney at the urinal of MacLaren's and Robin, to whom he was immediately attracted. Ted is on a quest for happiness and ``The One '', the woman he will marry. Ted prefers more elegant and high - class interests than his friends have. He goes to great lengths to profess his love to the women in his life, but they all falter eventually. Despite these qualities, Ted often acts immaturely, such as partaking in wild activities with Barney. He meets the love of his life (the titular Mother) in the show's finale. Title: Neil Patrick Harris Passage: Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, comedian, magician, and singer, known primarily for his comedy roles on television and his dramatic and musical stage roles. On television, he is known for playing the title character on Doogie Howser, M.D. (1989 -- 1993), Barney Stinson on How I Met Your Mother (2005 -- 2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf on A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017 onward). Title: The Mother (How I Met Your Mother) Passage: Tracy McConnell (colloquial: ``The Mother '') is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother. The show, narrated by Future Ted, tells the story of how Ted Mosby met The Mother. Tracy McConnell appears in 8 episodes from`` Lucky Penny'' to ``The Time Travelers ''as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in`` Something New'' and was promoted to a main character in season 9. The Mother is played by Cristin Milioti.	[ "Batman: Under the Red Hood", "Neil Patrick Harris" ]
2hop__95687_2684	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery.", "title": "Kanye West" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Day By Day is an album by gospel singer Yolanda Adams. The single \"Victory\" was featured in the movie \"The Gospel\". The single \"Be Blessed\" won a Grammy award for Best Gospel Performance. \"Someone Watching Over You\" was also released as a single, and a music video was released for \"This Too Shall Pass\" (a song originally recorded as a duet with Crystal Lewis on the 1996 compilation album \"Sisters: The Story Goes On\").", "title": "Day by Day (Yolanda Adams album)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two-Fisted Law is a 1932 American romantic B-Western Pre-Code film directed by D. Ross Lederman for Columbia Pictures, starring Tim McCoy and featuring John Wayne playing a character named \"Duke\". The picture also features Alice Day, Wheeler Oakman, Tully Marshall, Wallace MacDonald, and Walter Brennan.", "title": "Two-Fisted Law" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The preferred name for the holiday gradually changed from ``Decoration Day ''to`` Memorial Day,'' which was first used in 1882. Memorial Day did not become the more common name until after World War II, and was not declared the official name by Federal law until 1967. On June 28, 1968, Congress passed the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, which moved four holidays, including Memorial Day, from their traditional dates to a specified Monday in order to create a convenient three - day weekend. The change moved Memorial Day from its traditional May 30 date to the last Monday in May. The law took effect at the federal level in 1971. After some initial confusion and unwillingness to comply, all 50 states adopted Congress' change of date within a few years.", "title": "Memorial Day" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Between the 1st and 3rd centuries, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight - day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven - day week. Our earliest evidence for this new system is a Pompeiian graffito referring to the 6th February (viii idus Februarius) of the year AD 60 as dies solis (``Sunday ''). Another early witness is a reference to a lost treatise by Plutarch, written in about AD 100, which addressed the question of Why are the days named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the actual order?.", "title": "Names of the days of the week" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 6, 1941, both houses of the U.S. Congress passed a joint resolution fixing the traditional last - Thursday date for the holiday beginning in 1942. However, in December of that year the Senate passed an amendment to the resolution that split the difference by requiring that Thanksgiving be observed annually on the fourth Thursday of November, which was usually the last Thursday and sometimes (two years out of seven, on average) the next to last. The amendment also passed the House, and on December 26, 1941, President Roosevelt signed this bill, for the first time making the date of Thanksgiving a matter of federal law and fixing the day as the fourth Thursday of November.", "title": "Thanksgiving (United States)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rider of the Law is a 1919 American Western film directed by John Ford and featuring Harry Carey. The film is considered to be lost.", "title": "Rider of the Law" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seven Days Grace () is a 1969 West German crime film directed by Alfred Vohrer. It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival.", "title": "Seven Days Grace" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 10 - year ban was passed by the US Congress on September 13, 1994, following a close 52 -- 48 vote in the US Senate, and was signed into law by US President Bill Clinton on the same day. The ban applied only to weapons manufactured after the date of the ban's enactment. It expired on September 13, 2004, in accordance with its sunset provision.", "title": "Federal Assault Weapons Ban" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The ten - year ban was passed by the U.S. Congress on September 13, 1994, following a close 52 -- 48 vote in the Senate, and signed into law by then President Bill Clinton the same day. The ban only applied to weapons manufactured after the date of the ban's enactment, and it expired on September 13, 2004, in accordance with its sunset provision.", "title": "Federal Assault Weapons Ban" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One Law for All is a 1920 American short Western film directed by Leo D. Maloney and featuring Hoot Gibson.", "title": "One Law for All" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Foggy Pass () is a pass running northeast–southwest between the Leitch Massif on the north and West Quartzite Range and East Quartzite Range on the south, in the Concord Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The mountain pass was so named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1983, on a proposal from geologist M.G. Laird, from the weather conditions encountered in the area. This geographical feature lies situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.", "title": "Foggy Pass" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 6th Day is a 2000 American science fiction action film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tony Goldwyn, Michael Rapaport and Robert Duvall. In the film, a family man of the future is illegally cloned by accident as part of a vast conspiracy involving a shady billionaire businessman, and is thrust into a struggle to clear his name and protect his family from the conspirators who seek to keep the cloning a secret. The title refers to the Christian Genesis creation narrative, where God created mankind on the sixth day. The film was Terry Crews' acting debut.", "title": "The 6th Day" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bullets Over Summer is a 1999 Hong Kong action film directed by Wilson Yip and starring Francis Ng and Louis Koo. For their performances in the film, Ng and Law Lan were awarded Best Actor and Best Actress respectively at the 6th Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards while Law was also awarded Best Actress at the 19th Hong Kong Film Awards and Best Supporting Actress at the 5th Golden Bauhinia Awards.", "title": "Bullets Over Summer" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jalanan (“Streetside” in Bahasa Indonesia) is an award-winning 2013 feature-length Indonesian documentary film directed and produced by Daniel Ziv and featuring Jakarta street musicians Bambang \"Ho\" Mulyono, Titi Juwariyah and Boni Putera. The movie follows the three musicians as they perform songs on Jakarta's commuter buses, clash with the law and confront the tumultuous politics of modern-day Indonesia. It follows them back to their home villages in East Java and traces their quest for legitimacy, identity and love in their adopted city of Jakarta.", "title": "Jalanan" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Law Men is a 1944 American film directed by Lambert Hillyer. Released by Monogram Pictures, it is one of the Western film series featuring Nevada Jack McKenzie and Sandy Hopkins.", "title": "Law Men" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Everything Will Be OK is a 2006 animated short film by Don Hertzfeldt. It is the first chapter of a three-part story about a man named Bill. Hertzfeldt released the second film in the series, titled \"I Am So Proud of You\", in 2008. The final chapter, \"It's Such a Beautiful Day,\" was released in 2011. The entire three-part story was then edited together and released as a seamless feature film in 2012, also titled \"It's Such a Beautiful Day.\"", "title": "Everything Will Be OK" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The House passed the penultimate version of the bill on December 19, 2017, though for Senate procedural reasons small changes were needed and a revote was held in the House. The Senate passed the final version on December 20 in a 51 -- 48 vote and that final version was passed by the House of Representatives on that same day. The bill was signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 22, 2017. Most of the changes introduced by the bill went into effect on January 1, 2018 and will not affect 2017 taxes.", "title": "Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mabel, Fatty and the Law is a 1915 American short comedy film starring Fatty Arbuckle and Mabel Normand, and directed by Fatty Arbuckle. The film is also known as Fatty, Mabel and the Law (American alternative title) and Fatty's Spooning Days.", "title": "Mabel, Fatty and the Law" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heavenly Days is a 1944 film starring Fibber McGee and Molly. It was the third and final feature film to feature the popular radio characters; unlike the two previous entries, none of the radio show's supporting cast members appeared in this film.", "title": "Heavenly Days" } ]	What was the name of the law passed by who was featured in the film the 6th Day?	"Donda West Law"	[]	Title: Federal Assault Weapons Ban Passage: The ten - year ban was passed by the U.S. Congress on September 13, 1994, following a close 52 -- 48 vote in the Senate, and signed into law by then President Bill Clinton the same day. The ban only applied to weapons manufactured after the date of the ban's enactment, and it expired on September 13, 2004, in accordance with its sunset provision. Title: Heavenly Days Passage: Heavenly Days is a 1944 film starring Fibber McGee and Molly. It was the third and final feature film to feature the popular radio characters; unlike the two previous entries, none of the radio show's supporting cast members appeared in this film. Title: Law Men Passage: Law Men is a 1944 American film directed by Lambert Hillyer. Released by Monogram Pictures, it is one of the Western film series featuring Nevada Jack McKenzie and Sandy Hopkins. Title: Foggy Pass Passage: Foggy Pass () is a pass running northeast–southwest between the Leitch Massif on the north and West Quartzite Range and East Quartzite Range on the south, in the Concord Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica. The mountain pass was so named by the New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1983, on a proposal from geologist M.G. Laird, from the weather conditions encountered in the area. This geographical feature lies situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. Title: Everything Will Be OK Passage: Everything Will Be OK is a 2006 animated short film by Don Hertzfeldt. It is the first chapter of a three-part story about a man named Bill. Hertzfeldt released the second film in the series, titled "I Am So Proud of You", in 2008. The final chapter, "It's Such a Beautiful Day," was released in 2011. The entire three-part story was then edited together and released as a seamless feature film in 2012, also titled "It's Such a Beautiful Day." Title: Jalanan Passage: Jalanan (“Streetside” in Bahasa Indonesia) is an award-winning 2013 feature-length Indonesian documentary film directed and produced by Daniel Ziv and featuring Jakarta street musicians Bambang "Ho" Mulyono, Titi Juwariyah and Boni Putera. The movie follows the three musicians as they perform songs on Jakarta's commuter buses, clash with the law and confront the tumultuous politics of modern-day Indonesia. It follows them back to their home villages in East Java and traces their quest for legitimacy, identity and love in their adopted city of Jakarta. Title: Day by Day (Yolanda Adams album) Passage: Day By Day is an album by gospel singer Yolanda Adams. The single "Victory" was featured in the movie "The Gospel". The single "Be Blessed" won a Grammy award for Best Gospel Performance. "Someone Watching Over You" was also released as a single, and a music video was released for "This Too Shall Pass" (a song originally recorded as a duet with Crystal Lewis on the 1996 compilation album "Sisters: The Story Goes On"). Title: Federal Assault Weapons Ban Passage: The 10 - year ban was passed by the US Congress on September 13, 1994, following a close 52 -- 48 vote in the US Senate, and was signed into law by US President Bill Clinton on the same day. The ban applied only to weapons manufactured after the date of the ban's enactment. It expired on September 13, 2004, in accordance with its sunset provision. Title: The 6th Day Passage: The 6th Day is a 2000 American science fiction action film directed by Roger Spottiswoode and starring Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tony Goldwyn, Michael Rapaport and Robert Duvall. In the film, a family man of the future is illegally cloned by accident as part of a vast conspiracy involving a shady billionaire businessman, and is thrust into a struggle to clear his name and protect his family from the conspirators who seek to keep the cloning a secret. The title refers to the Christian Genesis creation narrative, where God created mankind on the sixth day. The film was Terry Crews' acting debut. Title: Seven Days Grace Passage: Seven Days Grace () is a 1969 West German crime film directed by Alfred Vohrer. It was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival. Title: Two-Fisted Law Passage: Two-Fisted Law is a 1932 American romantic B-Western Pre-Code film directed by D. Ross Lederman for Columbia Pictures, starring Tim McCoy and featuring John Wayne playing a character named "Duke". The picture also features Alice Day, Wheeler Oakman, Tully Marshall, Wallace MacDonald, and Walter Brennan. Title: Memorial Day Passage: The preferred name for the holiday gradually changed from ``Decoration Day ''to`` Memorial Day,'' which was first used in 1882. Memorial Day did not become the more common name until after World War II, and was not declared the official name by Federal law until 1967. On June 28, 1968, Congress passed the Uniform Monday Holiday Act, which moved four holidays, including Memorial Day, from their traditional dates to a specified Monday in order to create a convenient three - day weekend. The change moved Memorial Day from its traditional May 30 date to the last Monday in May. The law took effect at the federal level in 1971. After some initial confusion and unwillingness to comply, all 50 states adopted Congress' change of date within a few years. Title: Rider of the Law Passage: Rider of the Law is a 1919 American Western film directed by John Ford and featuring Harry Carey. The film is considered to be lost. Title: Kanye West Passage: California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the "Donda West Law", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery. Title: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 Passage: The House passed the penultimate version of the bill on December 19, 2017, though for Senate procedural reasons small changes were needed and a revote was held in the House. The Senate passed the final version on December 20 in a 51 -- 48 vote and that final version was passed by the House of Representatives on that same day. The bill was signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 22, 2017. Most of the changes introduced by the bill went into effect on January 1, 2018 and will not affect 2017 taxes. Title: Mabel, Fatty and the Law Passage: Mabel, Fatty and the Law is a 1915 American short comedy film starring Fatty Arbuckle and Mabel Normand, and directed by Fatty Arbuckle. The film is also known as Fatty, Mabel and the Law (American alternative title) and Fatty's Spooning Days. Title: Bullets Over Summer Passage: Bullets Over Summer is a 1999 Hong Kong action film directed by Wilson Yip and starring Francis Ng and Louis Koo. For their performances in the film, Ng and Law Lan were awarded Best Actor and Best Actress respectively at the 6th Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards while Law was also awarded Best Actress at the 19th Hong Kong Film Awards and Best Supporting Actress at the 5th Golden Bauhinia Awards. Title: Thanksgiving (United States) Passage: On October 6, 1941, both houses of the U.S. Congress passed a joint resolution fixing the traditional last - Thursday date for the holiday beginning in 1942. However, in December of that year the Senate passed an amendment to the resolution that split the difference by requiring that Thanksgiving be observed annually on the fourth Thursday of November, which was usually the last Thursday and sometimes (two years out of seven, on average) the next to last. The amendment also passed the House, and on December 26, 1941, President Roosevelt signed this bill, for the first time making the date of Thanksgiving a matter of federal law and fixing the day as the fourth Thursday of November. Title: One Law for All Passage: One Law for All is a 1920 American short Western film directed by Leo D. Maloney and featuring Hoot Gibson. Title: Names of the days of the week Passage: Between the 1st and 3rd centuries, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight - day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven - day week. Our earliest evidence for this new system is a Pompeiian graffito referring to the 6th February (viii idus Februarius) of the year AD 60 as dies solis (``Sunday ''). Another early witness is a reference to a lost treatise by Plutarch, written in about AD 100, which addressed the question of Why are the days named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the actual order?.	[ "Kanye West", "The 6th Day" ]
2hop__61714_64633	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madame Spy is a 1942 American spy film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Constance Bennett, Don Porter and John Litel. The screenplay concerns an American intelligence officer who goes undercover and infiltrates a ring of Nazi spies.", "title": "Madame Spy (1942 film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Season three marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self - confidence and appears less passive and more self - assured as the season progresses. In ``Gay Witch Hunt, ''the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not marry Roy after all, and that Jim transferred to a different Dunder Mifflin branch, in Stamford, shortly after Pam rejected him a second time, after their kiss. Pam moves into her own apartment, begins taking art classes, a pursuit that Roy had previously dismissed as a waste of time, and buys a new car, a blue Toyota Yaris. Jim returns to Scranton later on as a result of`` The Merger'', and brings along a female co-worker, Karen Filippelli, whom he begins dating. Jim and Pam appeared to have ended all communication after Jim transfers to the Stamford branch (aside from an episode in which Jim accidentally calls Pam at the end of the work day), and their episodes together following the branch merge are tense, despite both admitting to still harboring feelings for the other during the presence of the documentary cameras.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In ``The Merger '', Jim's and Pam's reunion is awkward. Pam is overjoyed, but Jim is clearly uncomfortable. He lets Pam know that he is seeing someone, and gradually Karen is introduced as his girlfriend. As Jim settles back in at Scranton, he uses his promotion as an excuse to avoid his old interactions and pranks with Pam, claiming that pulling pranks is not appropriate for his position. However, in time, Jim does return to his old ways, especially targeting Andy Bernard, a Stamford transfer, and Dwight.", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "television series \"The Office\", and the show's 141st episode overall. Written by Brent Forrester and directed by Michael Spiller, the episode aired February 3, 2011 on NBC.", "title": "The Search (The Office)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His character serves as the intelligent, mild - mannered straight man role to Michael, although it is also defined by a rivalrous pranking on fellow salesman Dwight Schrute and a romantic interest in receptionist Pam Beesly, whom he begins dating in the fourth season, marries in the sixth, and has children with in the sixth and eighth.", "title": "Jim Halpert" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series -- presented as if it were a real documentary -- depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In the episode, Robert California (James Spader) brings his wife (Maura Tierney) into the office for a job, and tells Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) behind her back not to give her one. Meanwhile, Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) opens a gym in the building and tries to get Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson) to join it.", "title": "Mrs. California" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Royson ``Roy ''Allan Anderson is a fictional character from the US television series The Office, portrayed by David Denman. His counterpart in the original UK series of The Office is Lee.", "title": "Roy Anderson (The Office)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``The Negotiation ''(originally titled`` Labor Negotiation'') is the nineteenth episode of the third season of the American comedy television series The Office, and the show's forty - seventh episode overall. The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, Roy Anderson (David Denman) tries to attack Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) for kissing Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) on Casino Night, only to be pepper - sprayed by Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson). Jim repeatedly tries to thank Dwight for his actions, but each attempt is rejected. Meanwhile, with Roy fired, Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson) asks for a raise and is astounded when he learns that this raise would cause him to be paid more than his boss, Michael Scott (Steve Carell).", "title": "The Negotiation" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,`` The Delivery''. Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chemistry was a comedy-drama series that debuted on Cinemax as a part of its Max After Dark lineup on August 19, 2011. It followed the affair of an attorney and a police officer, which began after the officer saved the attorney from a car wreck. The last episode aired on November 18, 2011.", "title": "Chemistry (TV series)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As Michael sets up his desk at the sales section, Dwight (Rainn Wilson) calls a meeting with Ryan (B.J. Novak) to think of ways to take Jim down. Ryan angers Dwight with his tardiness and The Lord of the Rings references. They ultimately try getting Nick, the new IT worker, to give them Jim's computer password, but he refuses. Meanwhile, Michael has a difficult time adjusting back to sales, particularly since he can no longer command Erin's services and is exposed to Phyllis's noxious flatulence, a side effect of her new allergy medication. He confides to Jim that he wants the manager job back and they both tell Jo. While frustrated by their fickleness, she allows them to switch. Michael and Erin celebrate his return to his office, and Dwight taunts Jim about his demotion. In a return to his old ways, Jim dips Dwight's tie in his coffee as Pam grins.", "title": "The Manager and the Salesman" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Connectix Corporation was a software and hardware company, noted for having released innovative products that were either made obsolete as Apple Computer incorporated the ideas into system software, or were sold to other companies once they become popular. It was formed in October 1988 by Jon Garber; dominant board members and co-founders were Garber, Bonnie Fought (the two were later married), and close friend Roy McDonald. McDonald was still Chief Executive Officer and president when Connectix finally closed in August 2003.", "title": "Connectix" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The episode guest stars Majandra Delfino, Blake Garrett Rosenthal, Thomas Middleditch, Matt Jones, and Tom Bower as members of Dwight's family; Delfino plays Dwight's sister Fannie, Rosenthal plays Dwight's nephew Cammy, Middleditch portrays Dwight's brother Jeb, Jones portrays Dwight's cousin Zeke, and Bower appears as Dwight's great uncle Heinrich, in a deleted scene. Jones had previously appeared in the ninth season entry, ``Junior Salesman ''.", "title": "The Farm (The Office)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the day wears on, Michael becomes convinced that what happened to his office is a hate crime and an act of terrorism. Believing it to have been perpetrated by someone in the office, he begins to lose his faith in his employees, whom he considers his friends. Michael tries talking to his former boss Ed Truck (Ken Howard), who tells him that he does not need to have his employees be his friends. But his mood changes drastically when he finds out the prank was carried out by his obnoxious friend Todd Packer (David Koechner). Michael instantly finds the joke hilarious, and his faith in his friends is restored. At the end of the day, Jim is cheered up when he finds that all seven of his voicemail messages were left by Pam throughout the day. Jim is seen driving home, and Pam's voicemails act as a voice - over, closing out the episode.", "title": "The Carpet" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Captain Roi Edgerton \"Tug\" Wilson, CBE, DFC (1 June 1921 – 17 March 2009) was a Royal Navy officer and Master of the Royal Caledonian Schools.", "title": "Roi Wilson" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the emphasis is primarily on Ross and Demelza, there are many other characters with their own stories. In the first series we encounter Dr. Dwight Enys (Richard Morant in the first series, Michael Cadman in the second series), a young man with progressive ideas who prefers to serve the poor communities rather than the rich. Enys has a brief affair with a married actress, Keren Daniel (Sheila White), which results in her murder by her husband. By the end of the first series, Dwight has become involved with heiress Caroline Penvenen (Judy Geeson). In the second series, they marry following Ross's rescue of Dwight from a French prison.", "title": "Poldark (1975 TV series)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jim and Pam marry early in the season, at Niagara Falls, during the highly anticipated, hour long episode, ``Niagara ''. The ending of the episode, in which their co-workers dance down the aisle, is an imitation of a viral YouTube video -- JK Wedding Entrance Dance. Following the wedding, a multi-episode story arc begins in which it is revealed that Michael hooked up with Pam's mother the night of the wedding. The two break up during`` Double Date'', an episode that ends with Pam slapping Michael in response to his actions.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pam participates in an art show, but few people attend. Her co-worker, Oscar, brings his partner along who, not knowing that Pam is standing behind him, criticizes her work by proclaiming that ``real art requires courage. ''Oscar then goes on to say that courage is n't one of Pam's strong points. Affected by this statement, Pam tells the documentary crew that she is going to be more honest, culminating in a dramatic coal walk during the next - to - last episode of the season,`` Beach Games'', and a seemingly sincere speech to Jim in front of the entire office about their relationship. Michael also comes to the art show and reveals his erratically kind heart and loyalty by buying, framing and hanging Pam's drawing of the Dunder Mifflin building in the office. In the season finale, ``The Job, ''she leaves a friendly note in Jim's briefcase and an old memento depicting the 'gold medal' yogurt lid from the Office Olympics, which he sees during an interview for a job at Corporate in New York City. While he is asked how he`` would function here in New York'', Jim is shown to have his mind back in Scranton, still distracted by the thought of Pam. Jim withdraws his name from consideration and drives back to the office, where he interrupts a talking head Pam is doing for the documentary crew by asking her out for dinner. She happily accepts, visibly moved, abandoning a train of thought about how she would be fine if Jim got the job and never came back to Scranton. Karen quits soon after, becoming the regional manager at Dunder Mifflin's Utica branch.", "title": "Pam Beesly" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jim and Pam marry and have a baby named Cecelia Marie Halpert. Meanwhile, Andy and Erin develop mutual interest in one another, but find their inherent awkwardness inhibits his attempts to ask her out on a date. Rumors of bankruptcy begin to surround Dunder Mifflin, and by Christmas, Wallace announces to the branch that Dunder Mifflin has accepted a buyout from Sabre Corporation, a printer company. While Wallace and other executives are let go, the Scranton office survives due to its relative success within the company, and Michael Scott is now the highest level employee at Dunder Mifflin. In the season finale, Dwight buys the office park. Michael agrees to make an announcement to the press regarding a case of faulty printers. When Jo Bennet, Sabre CEO, asks how she can repay him, Michael responds that she could bring Holly back to the Scranton branch.", "title": "The Office (American TV series)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Farm ''is the seventeenth episode of the ninth season of the American comedy television series The Office and the 192nd overall. It originally aired on NBC on March 14, 2013. The episode guest stars Matt Jones as Dwight's cousin Zeke, Majandra Delfino as Dwight's sister Fannie, Blake Garrett Rosenthal as his nephew, and Thomas Middleditch as his brother.", "title": "The Farm (The Office)" } ]	In what episode of The Office does Dwight save Pam's husband from Roy?	``The Negotiation ''	[ "Negotiation", "negotiation" ]	Title: The Office (American TV series) Passage: Jim and Pam marry and have a baby named Cecelia Marie Halpert. Meanwhile, Andy and Erin develop mutual interest in one another, but find their inherent awkwardness inhibits his attempts to ask her out on a date. Rumors of bankruptcy begin to surround Dunder Mifflin, and by Christmas, Wallace announces to the branch that Dunder Mifflin has accepted a buyout from Sabre Corporation, a printer company. While Wallace and other executives are let go, the Scranton office survives due to its relative success within the company, and Michael Scott is now the highest level employee at Dunder Mifflin. In the season finale, Dwight buys the office park. Michael agrees to make an announcement to the press regarding a case of faulty printers. When Jo Bennet, Sabre CEO, asks how she can repay him, Michael responds that she could bring Holly back to the Scranton branch. Title: Pam Beesly Passage: Jim and Pam marry early in the season, at Niagara Falls, during the highly anticipated, hour long episode, ``Niagara ''. The ending of the episode, in which their co-workers dance down the aisle, is an imitation of a viral YouTube video -- JK Wedding Entrance Dance. Following the wedding, a multi-episode story arc begins in which it is revealed that Michael hooked up with Pam's mother the night of the wedding. The two break up during`` Double Date'', an episode that ends with Pam slapping Michael in response to his actions. Title: Roi Wilson Passage: Captain Roi Edgerton "Tug" Wilson, CBE, DFC (1 June 1921 – 17 March 2009) was a Royal Navy officer and Master of the Royal Caledonian Schools. Title: Madame Spy (1942 film) Passage: Madame Spy is a 1942 American spy film directed by Roy William Neill and starring Constance Bennett, Don Porter and John Litel. The screenplay concerns an American intelligence officer who goes undercover and infiltrates a ring of Nazi spies. Title: Poldark (1975 TV series) Passage: Although the emphasis is primarily on Ross and Demelza, there are many other characters with their own stories. In the first series we encounter Dr. Dwight Enys (Richard Morant in the first series, Michael Cadman in the second series), a young man with progressive ideas who prefers to serve the poor communities rather than the rich. Enys has a brief affair with a married actress, Keren Daniel (Sheila White), which results in her murder by her husband. By the end of the first series, Dwight has become involved with heiress Caroline Penvenen (Judy Geeson). In the second series, they marry following Ross's rescue of Dwight from a French prison. Title: Pam Beesly Passage: Pam participates in an art show, but few people attend. Her co-worker, Oscar, brings his partner along who, not knowing that Pam is standing behind him, criticizes her work by proclaiming that ``real art requires courage. ''Oscar then goes on to say that courage is n't one of Pam's strong points. Affected by this statement, Pam tells the documentary crew that she is going to be more honest, culminating in a dramatic coal walk during the next - to - last episode of the season,`` Beach Games'', and a seemingly sincere speech to Jim in front of the entire office about their relationship. Michael also comes to the art show and reveals his erratically kind heart and loyalty by buying, framing and hanging Pam's drawing of the Dunder Mifflin building in the office. In the season finale, ``The Job, ''she leaves a friendly note in Jim's briefcase and an old memento depicting the 'gold medal' yogurt lid from the Office Olympics, which he sees during an interview for a job at Corporate in New York City. While he is asked how he`` would function here in New York'', Jim is shown to have his mind back in Scranton, still distracted by the thought of Pam. Jim withdraws his name from consideration and drives back to the office, where he interrupts a talking head Pam is doing for the documentary crew by asking her out for dinner. She happily accepts, visibly moved, abandoning a train of thought about how she would be fine if Jim got the job and never came back to Scranton. Karen quits soon after, becoming the regional manager at Dunder Mifflin's Utica branch. Title: Jim Halpert Passage: In ``The Merger '', Jim's and Pam's reunion is awkward. Pam is overjoyed, but Jim is clearly uncomfortable. He lets Pam know that he is seeing someone, and gradually Karen is introduced as his girlfriend. As Jim settles back in at Scranton, he uses his promotion as an excuse to avoid his old interactions and pranks with Pam, claiming that pulling pranks is not appropriate for his position. However, in time, Jim does return to his old ways, especially targeting Andy Bernard, a Stamford transfer, and Dwight. Title: The Farm (The Office) Passage: ``The Farm ''is the seventeenth episode of the ninth season of the American comedy television series The Office and the 192nd overall. It originally aired on NBC on March 14, 2013. The episode guest stars Matt Jones as Dwight's cousin Zeke, Majandra Delfino as Dwight's sister Fannie, Blake Garrett Rosenthal as his nephew, and Thomas Middleditch as his brother. Title: The Manager and the Salesman Passage: As Michael sets up his desk at the sales section, Dwight (Rainn Wilson) calls a meeting with Ryan (B.J. Novak) to think of ways to take Jim down. Ryan angers Dwight with his tardiness and The Lord of the Rings references. They ultimately try getting Nick, the new IT worker, to give them Jim's computer password, but he refuses. Meanwhile, Michael has a difficult time adjusting back to sales, particularly since he can no longer command Erin's services and is exposed to Phyllis's noxious flatulence, a side effect of her new allergy medication. He confides to Jim that he wants the manager job back and they both tell Jo. While frustrated by their fickleness, she allows them to switch. Michael and Erin celebrate his return to his office, and Dwight taunts Jim about his demotion. In a return to his old ways, Jim dips Dwight's tie in his coffee as Pam grins. Title: Connectix Passage: Connectix Corporation was a software and hardware company, noted for having released innovative products that were either made obsolete as Apple Computer incorporated the ideas into system software, or were sold to other companies once they become popular. It was formed in October 1988 by Jon Garber; dominant board members and co-founders were Garber, Bonnie Fought (the two were later married), and close friend Roy McDonald. McDonald was still Chief Executive Officer and president when Connectix finally closed in August 2003. Title: The Search (The Office) Passage: television series "The Office", and the show's 141st episode overall. Written by Brent Forrester and directed by Michael Spiller, the episode aired February 3, 2011 on NBC. Title: Roy Anderson (The Office) Passage: Royson ``Roy ''Allan Anderson is a fictional character from the US television series The Office, portrayed by David Denman. His counterpart in the original UK series of The Office is Lee. Title: The Negotiation Passage: ``The Negotiation ''(originally titled`` Labor Negotiation'') is the nineteenth episode of the third season of the American comedy television series The Office, and the show's forty - seventh episode overall. The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, Roy Anderson (David Denman) tries to attack Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) for kissing Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) on Casino Night, only to be pepper - sprayed by Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson). Jim repeatedly tries to thank Dwight for his actions, but each attempt is rejected. Meanwhile, with Roy fired, Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson) asks for a raise and is astounded when he learns that this raise would cause him to be paid more than his boss, Michael Scott (Steve Carell). Title: Chemistry (TV series) Passage: Chemistry was a comedy-drama series that debuted on Cinemax as a part of its Max After Dark lineup on August 19, 2011. It followed the affair of an attorney and a police officer, which began after the officer saved the attorney from a car wreck. The last episode aired on November 18, 2011. Title: Mrs. California Passage: The series -- presented as if it were a real documentary -- depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In the episode, Robert California (James Spader) brings his wife (Maura Tierney) into the office for a job, and tells Andy Bernard (Ed Helms) behind her back not to give her one. Meanwhile, Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) opens a gym in the building and tries to get Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson) to join it. Title: Pam Beesly Passage: Season three marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self - confidence and appears less passive and more self - assured as the season progresses. In ``Gay Witch Hunt, ''the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not marry Roy after all, and that Jim transferred to a different Dunder Mifflin branch, in Stamford, shortly after Pam rejected him a second time, after their kiss. Pam moves into her own apartment, begins taking art classes, a pursuit that Roy had previously dismissed as a waste of time, and buys a new car, a blue Toyota Yaris. Jim returns to Scranton later on as a result of`` The Merger'', and brings along a female co-worker, Karen Filippelli, whom he begins dating. Jim and Pam appeared to have ended all communication after Jim transfers to the Stamford branch (aside from an episode in which Jim accidentally calls Pam at the end of the work day), and their episodes together following the branch merge are tense, despite both admitting to still harboring feelings for the other during the presence of the documentary cameras. Title: The Farm (The Office) Passage: The episode guest stars Majandra Delfino, Blake Garrett Rosenthal, Thomas Middleditch, Matt Jones, and Tom Bower as members of Dwight's family; Delfino plays Dwight's sister Fannie, Rosenthal plays Dwight's nephew Cammy, Middleditch portrays Dwight's brother Jeb, Jones portrays Dwight's cousin Zeke, and Bower appears as Dwight's great uncle Heinrich, in a deleted scene. Jones had previously appeared in the ninth season entry, ``Junior Salesman ''. Title: Pam Beesly Passage: The ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,`` The Delivery''. Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job. Title: Jim Halpert Passage: His character serves as the intelligent, mild - mannered straight man role to Michael, although it is also defined by a rivalrous pranking on fellow salesman Dwight Schrute and a romantic interest in receptionist Pam Beesly, whom he begins dating in the fourth season, marries in the sixth, and has children with in the sixth and eighth. Title: The Carpet Passage: As the day wears on, Michael becomes convinced that what happened to his office is a hate crime and an act of terrorism. Believing it to have been perpetrated by someone in the office, he begins to lose his faith in his employees, whom he considers his friends. Michael tries talking to his former boss Ed Truck (Ken Howard), who tells him that he does not need to have his employees be his friends. But his mood changes drastically when he finds out the prank was carried out by his obnoxious friend Todd Packer (David Koechner). Michael instantly finds the joke hilarious, and his faith in his friends is restored. At the end of the day, Jim is cheered up when he finds that all seven of his voicemail messages were left by Pam throughout the day. Jim is seen driving home, and Pam's voicemails act as a voice - over, closing out the episode.	[ "The Negotiation", "Pam Beesly" ]
2hop__35137_22896	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundational text of Chinese medicine is the Huangdi neijing, (or Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon), written 5th century to 3rd century BCE. Near the end of the 2nd century CE, during the Han dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, wrote a Treatise on Cold Damage, which contains the earliest known reference to the Neijing Suwen. The Jin Dynasty practitioner and advocate of acupuncture and moxibustion, Huangfu Mi (215 -- 282), also quotes the Yellow Emperor in his Jiayi jing, c. 265. During the Tang Dynasty, the Suwen was expanded and revised, and is now the best extant representation of the foundational roots of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine that is based on the use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage and other forms of therapy has been practiced in China for thousands of years.", "title": "History of medicine" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stockholm Public Library (Swedish: \"Stockholms stadsbibliotek\" or \"Stadsbiblioteket\") is a library building in Stockholm, Sweden, designed by Swedish architect Gunnar Asplund, and one of the city's most notable structures. The name is today used for both the main library itself as well as the municipal library system of Stockholm.", "title": "Stockholm Public Library" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries must allow pharmaceutical products to be patented. In 2001, the WTO adopted the Doha Declaration, which indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind, and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies: via compulsory licensing or parallel imports, even before patent expiration.", "title": "Pharmaceutical industry" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "East Lake Library is one of 15 branch libraries formerly in the Minneapolis Public Library System and now one of 41 branch libraries in the Hennepin County Library System in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Three different buildings have housed the library since 1924.", "title": "East Lake Library" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the great libraries of Balkh, Khwarezm, Gorgan, Rey, Isfahan and Hamadan. Various texts (such as the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar) show that he debated philosophical points with the greatest scholars of the time. Aruzi Samarqandi describes how before Avicenna left Khwarezm he had met Al-Biruni (a famous scientist and astronomer), Abu Nasr Iraqi (a renowned mathematician), Abu Sahl Masihi (a respected philosopher) and Abu al-Khayr Khammar (a great physician).", "title": "Avicenna" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "BioStor is a free-to-access archive of biodiversity-related scientific papers, in the Biodiversity Heritage Library. It was created and is operated by Roderic Page.", "title": "BioStor" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Legal studies advanced during the 12th century. Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages. Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna. This led to the recording and standardisation of legal codes throughout Western Europe. Canon law was also studied, and around 1140 a monk named Gratian (fl. 12th century), a teacher at Bologna, wrote what became the standard text of canon law—the Decretum.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif (\"Book of Concessions\"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy.", "title": "Muslim world" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilnius University Library or VU Library (also VUL) is the oldest and one of the largest academic libraries of Lithuania. It was founded in 1570 by the Jesuits and as such is nine years older than Vilnius University. VU Library holds 5.4 million documents on shelves measuring 166 kilometres (103 mi) in length. The holdings, accessible to members of the university and wider public, include some of the oldest manuscripts, incunabula and engravings in Lithuania and Eastern Europe. At present the library has 36 thousand users.", "title": "Vilnius University Library" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The College of Physicians of Philadelphia is the oldest private medical society in the United States. Founded in 1787 by 24 Philadelphia physicians \"to advance the Science of Medicine, and thereby lessen human misery, by investigating the diseases and remedies which are peculiar to our country\" and to promote \"order and uniformity in the practice of Physick,\" it has made important contributions to medical education and research. The College hosts the Mütter Museum, a gallery of 19th-century specimens, teaching models, instruments, and photographs, as well as the Historical Medical Library, which is one of the country's oldest medical libraries.", "title": "College of Physicians of Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ (\"Book of Healing\") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology.", "title": "History of science" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.", "title": "Muslim world" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The NOUN operates an e-library at the headquarters situated at Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria which all students have access to after providing a valid student's identity card. Students have access to both Internet facilities, books, journals, projects, thesis of past students and other educational materials.", "title": "National Open University of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) is a US project aimed at providing public access to digital holdings in order to create a large-scale public digital library. It officially launched on April 18, 2013, after 2.5 years of development.", "title": "Digital Public Library of America" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Shortgrass Library System consists of fourteen member public libraries in Southeast Alberta, Canada. The system headquarters is located in Medicine Hat. It has the distinction of being the first regional library system in the province of Alberta to have all eligible municipalities as members of a library system. Shortgrass was created by the Alberta government in 1988 as the fifth library system in the province.", "title": "Shortgrass Library System" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai. Huihui doctors staffed at two imperial hospitals were responsible for treating the imperial family and members of the court. Chinese physicians opposed Western medicine because its humoral system contradicted the yin-yang and wuxing philosophy underlying traditional Chinese medicine. No Chinese translation of Western medical works is known, but it is possible that the Chinese had access to Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine.", "title": "Yuan dynasty" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Harvard University Library System is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding over 18 million volumes. According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the United States, and one of the largest in the world. Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates to use, with easy access and central locations. There are rare books, manuscripts and other special collections throughout Harvard's libraries; Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library.", "title": "Harvard University" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gerstein Science Information Centre is the University of Toronto's flagship library supporting the sciences and health sciences. The largest science and health science academic library in Canada, Gerstein has a collection of over 945,000 print volumes of journals and books, and also provides access to over 100,000 online journals and books. The Gerstein Science Information Centre's collection consists primarily of material on the sciences, including the health sciences, medicine, physics, chemistry, biology and their subfields, with the exception of mathematical journals and forestry, botany and geology materials. The Library provides varying degrees of access to students, faculty, external researchers, and members of the public.", "title": "Gerstein Science Information Centre" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University Library is the main library of the university, and constitutes together with the decentralized libraries of the faculties and institutes, the integral university library system comprising approximately 6.7 million printed books. It is Germany's most frequently used library, and it is currently placed 1st in a ranking of Germany's best libraries. The University Library's stocks exceeded one million in 1934. Today, it holds about 3.2 million books, about 500,000 other media such as microfilms and video tapes, as well as 10,732 scientific periodicals. Moreover, it holds 6,600 manuscripts, most notably the Codex Manesse, 1,800 incunabula, 110,500 autographs, and a collection of old maps, paintings, and photographs. The further 83 decentralized libraries of the faculties and institutes hold another 3.5 million printed books. In 2005, 34,500 active users of the University Library accessed 1.4 million books a year. The conventional book supply is complemented by numerous electronic services. Around 3,000 commercial scientific journals can be accessed via e-journal. The University Library of today traces its roots back to the purchase of a chest of documents by the first Rector Marsilius von Inghen in 1388, which was stored in the Heiliggeistkirche, then the University Cathedral. Since 1978, the science branch of the University Library serves the institutes of natural sciences and medicine on the New Campus. In 2016, extensive refurbishments were finalized with the University Library now housing additional study spaces.", "title": "Heidelberg University" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Andrew Moffett (January 25, 1933 – February 20, 1995) was a historian and librarian who was named \"100 of the Most Important Leaders We Had in the 20th Century\" by \"American Libraries\" in 1999. He is primarily known for aiding in the capture of a prolific library thief, Stephen Blumberg, and, more famously, opening access of the Dead Sea Scrolls for scholarly use, both of which news stories made the front page of the \"New York Times\". Moffett was also known for being a highly influential academic librarian director at Oberlin College, the 6th Librarian at the Huntington Library and for being named Academic/Research Librarian of the Year in 1993 by the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL).", "title": "William Andrew Moffett" } ]	What is the name of one library that the author of The Canon of Medicine had access to?	Hamadan	[]	Title: Muslim world Passage: Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif ("Book of Concessions"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy. Title: Pharmaceutical industry Passage: Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries must allow pharmaceutical products to be patented. In 2001, the WTO adopted the Doha Declaration, which indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind, and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies: via compulsory licensing or parallel imports, even before patent expiration. Title: Harvard University Passage: The Harvard University Library System is centered in Widener Library in Harvard Yard and comprises nearly 80 individual libraries holding over 18 million volumes. According to the American Library Association, this makes it the largest academic library in the United States, and one of the largest in the world. Cabot Science Library, Lamont Library, and Widener Library are three of the most popular libraries for undergraduates to use, with easy access and central locations. There are rare books, manuscripts and other special collections throughout Harvard's libraries; Houghton Library, the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, and the Harvard University Archives consist principally of rare and unique materials. America's oldest collection of maps, gazetteers, and atlases both old and new is stored in Pusey Library and open to the public. The largest collection of East-Asian language material outside of East Asia is held in the Harvard-Yenching Library. Title: Muslim world Passage: One of the common definitions for "Islamic philosophy" is "the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture." Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia. Title: East Lake Library Passage: East Lake Library is one of 15 branch libraries formerly in the Minneapolis Public Library System and now one of 41 branch libraries in the Hennepin County Library System in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. Three different buildings have housed the library since 1924. Title: Gerstein Science Information Centre Passage: The Gerstein Science Information Centre is the University of Toronto's flagship library supporting the sciences and health sciences. The largest science and health science academic library in Canada, Gerstein has a collection of over 945,000 print volumes of journals and books, and also provides access to over 100,000 online journals and books. The Gerstein Science Information Centre's collection consists primarily of material on the sciences, including the health sciences, medicine, physics, chemistry, biology and their subfields, with the exception of mathematical journals and forestry, botany and geology materials. The Library provides varying degrees of access to students, faculty, external researchers, and members of the public. Title: Stockholm Public Library Passage: Stockholm Public Library (Swedish: "Stockholms stadsbibliotek" or "Stadsbiblioteket") is a library building in Stockholm, Sweden, designed by Swedish architect Gunnar Asplund, and one of the city's most notable structures. The name is today used for both the main library itself as well as the municipal library system of Stockholm. Title: College of Physicians of Philadelphia Passage: The College of Physicians of Philadelphia is the oldest private medical society in the United States. Founded in 1787 by 24 Philadelphia physicians "to advance the Science of Medicine, and thereby lessen human misery, by investigating the diseases and remedies which are peculiar to our country" and to promote "order and uniformity in the practice of Physick," it has made important contributions to medical education and research. The College hosts the Mütter Museum, a gallery of 19th-century specimens, teaching models, instruments, and photographs, as well as the Historical Medical Library, which is one of the country's oldest medical libraries. Title: History of medicine Passage: The foundational text of Chinese medicine is the Huangdi neijing, (or Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon), written 5th century to 3rd century BCE. Near the end of the 2nd century CE, during the Han dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, wrote a Treatise on Cold Damage, which contains the earliest known reference to the Neijing Suwen. The Jin Dynasty practitioner and advocate of acupuncture and moxibustion, Huangfu Mi (215 -- 282), also quotes the Yellow Emperor in his Jiayi jing, c. 265. During the Tang Dynasty, the Suwen was expanded and revised, and is now the best extant representation of the foundational roots of traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine that is based on the use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage and other forms of therapy has been practiced in China for thousands of years. Title: Avicenna Passage: The study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the great libraries of Balkh, Khwarezm, Gorgan, Rey, Isfahan and Hamadan. Various texts (such as the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar) show that he debated philosophical points with the greatest scholars of the time. Aruzi Samarqandi describes how before Avicenna left Khwarezm he had met Al-Biruni (a famous scientist and astronomer), Abu Nasr Iraqi (a renowned mathematician), Abu Sahl Masihi (a respected philosopher) and Abu al-Khayr Khammar (a great physician). Title: Heidelberg University Passage: The University Library is the main library of the university, and constitutes together with the decentralized libraries of the faculties and institutes, the integral university library system comprising approximately 6.7 million printed books. It is Germany's most frequently used library, and it is currently placed 1st in a ranking of Germany's best libraries. The University Library's stocks exceeded one million in 1934. Today, it holds about 3.2 million books, about 500,000 other media such as microfilms and video tapes, as well as 10,732 scientific periodicals. Moreover, it holds 6,600 manuscripts, most notably the Codex Manesse, 1,800 incunabula, 110,500 autographs, and a collection of old maps, paintings, and photographs. The further 83 decentralized libraries of the faculties and institutes hold another 3.5 million printed books. In 2005, 34,500 active users of the University Library accessed 1.4 million books a year. The conventional book supply is complemented by numerous electronic services. Around 3,000 commercial scientific journals can be accessed via e-journal. The University Library of today traces its roots back to the purchase of a chest of documents by the first Rector Marsilius von Inghen in 1388, which was stored in the Heiliggeistkirche, then the University Cathedral. Since 1978, the science branch of the University Library serves the institutes of natural sciences and medicine on the New Campus. In 2016, extensive refurbishments were finalized with the University Library now housing additional study spaces. Title: Vilnius University Library Passage: Vilnius University Library or VU Library (also VUL) is the oldest and one of the largest academic libraries of Lithuania. It was founded in 1570 by the Jesuits and as such is nine years older than Vilnius University. VU Library holds 5.4 million documents on shelves measuring 166 kilometres (103 mi) in length. The holdings, accessible to members of the university and wider public, include some of the oldest manuscripts, incunabula and engravings in Lithuania and Eastern Europe. At present the library has 36 thousand users. Title: Middle Ages Passage: Legal studies advanced during the 12th century. Both secular law and canon law, or ecclesiastical law, were studied in the High Middle Ages. Secular law, or Roman law, was advanced greatly by the discovery of the Corpus Juris Civilis in the 11th century, and by 1100 Roman law was being taught at Bologna. This led to the recording and standardisation of legal codes throughout Western Europe. Canon law was also studied, and around 1140 a monk named Gratian (fl. 12th century), a teacher at Bologna, wrote what became the standard text of canon law—the Decretum. Title: History of science Passage: Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is regarded as the most influential philosopher of Islam. He pioneered the science of experimental medicine and was the first physician to conduct clinical trials. His two most notable works in medicine are the Kitāb al-shifāʾ ("Book of Healing") and The Canon of Medicine, both of which were used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim world and in Europe well into the 17th century. Amongst his many contributions are the discovery of the contagious nature of infectious diseases, and the introduction of clinical pharmacology. Title: Yuan dynasty Passage: Western medicine was also practiced in China by the Nestorian Christians of the Yuan court, where it was sometimes labeled as huihui or Muslim medicine. The Nestorian physician Jesus the Interpreter founded the Office of Western Medicine in 1263 during the reign of Kublai. Huihui doctors staffed at two imperial hospitals were responsible for treating the imperial family and members of the court. Chinese physicians opposed Western medicine because its humoral system contradicted the yin-yang and wuxing philosophy underlying traditional Chinese medicine. No Chinese translation of Western medical works is known, but it is possible that the Chinese had access to Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine. Title: BioStor Passage: BioStor is a free-to-access archive of biodiversity-related scientific papers, in the Biodiversity Heritage Library. It was created and is operated by Roderic Page. Title: William Andrew Moffett Passage: William Andrew Moffett (January 25, 1933 – February 20, 1995) was a historian and librarian who was named "100 of the Most Important Leaders We Had in the 20th Century" by "American Libraries" in 1999. He is primarily known for aiding in the capture of a prolific library thief, Stephen Blumberg, and, more famously, opening access of the Dead Sea Scrolls for scholarly use, both of which news stories made the front page of the "New York Times". Moffett was also known for being a highly influential academic librarian director at Oberlin College, the 6th Librarian at the Huntington Library and for being named Academic/Research Librarian of the Year in 1993 by the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL). Title: National Open University of Nigeria Passage: The NOUN operates an e-library at the headquarters situated at Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria which all students have access to after providing a valid student's identity card. Students have access to both Internet facilities, books, journals, projects, thesis of past students and other educational materials. Title: Shortgrass Library System Passage: The Shortgrass Library System consists of fourteen member public libraries in Southeast Alberta, Canada. The system headquarters is located in Medicine Hat. It has the distinction of being the first regional library system in the province of Alberta to have all eligible municipalities as members of a library system. Shortgrass was created by the Alberta government in 1988 as the fifth library system in the province. Title: Digital Public Library of America Passage: The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) is a US project aimed at providing public access to digital holdings in order to create a large-scale public digital library. It officially launched on April 18, 2013, after 2.5 years of development.	[ "Avicenna", "Muslim world" ]
2hop__771727_93362	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George Coe (May 10, 1929 -- July 18, 2015) was an American stage, film and television actor and voice artist. He did voice - over work in video games, movies and TV shows. He was a cast member for the first season of Saturday Night Live and voiced Woodhouse in Archer.", "title": "George Coe" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nalla is a 2004 Kannada romance-drama film directed by V. Nagendra Prasad featuring Sudeep and Sangeetha in the lead roles. The film features background score and soundtrack composed by Venkat Narayan and lyrics by V. Nagendra Prasad. The film released on 12 November 2004. This movie was dubbed in Hindi as \"Aur Ek Diljala\" This is a remake of 1982 Tamil movie \"Moondram Pirai\" which itself was loosely based on \"City Lights\".", "title": "Nalla" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pyar Ka Devta () is a 1991 Hindi language Indian film directed by Kovelamudi Bapayya, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Madhuri Dixit, and Nirupa Roy.", "title": "Pyar Ka Devta" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film is a commentary on the social and the gender injustice. As in his other movies, filmmaker Prakash Jha has focussed on the social problems that plague his native state of Bihar, India, and like his other movies this one straddles the boundary between art film and commercial film. The film also boasted of some semi-classical music, tuned by Anand-Milind and Raghunath Seth and worded by Javed Akhtar. The film was critically acclaimed and is considered to be one of Madhuri Dixit's best performances.", "title": "Mrityudand" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mohsin Khan is an Indian television actor and assistant director. He was the second assistant director in the movie Koyelaanchal. Khan made his television debut with Star Plus' show Nisha Aur Uske Cousins. He worked as the main lead Samar Sareen in Life OK's show Dream Girl. He is currently playing the lead, Kartik Goenka, in Star Plus' daily soap Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai.", "title": "Mohsin Khan (actor)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ruøya is an island in Aure Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is connected to the village of Aure on the mainland to the east by the Aursund Bridge and to the island of Rottøya to the south by the Smalsund Bridge. The large island of Ertvågsøya lies to the west.", "title": "Ruøya" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aadmi Aur Aurat (English title - Man and Woman) is 1984 Hindi language Telefilm directed by Tapan Sinha and starring Amol Palekar, Mahua Roy Chawdhary, Kalyan Chatterjee, Nirmal Ghosh, Parimal Sengupta, Sudhir K. Singh, Dipak Sanyal, Sameer Mukharjee. The movie was telecast on Doordarshan, Government owned TV Channel of India. This film was screened in International Film Festival of India-2007.", "title": "Aadmi Aur Aurat" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``All I Want Is You ''is the final song on U2's 1988 album, Rattle and Hum, and was released on 13 June 1989 as the album's fourth and final single. It is the closing song from the film, Rattle and Hum. String arrangements on the song are by Van Dyke Parks.", "title": "All I Want Is You (U2 song)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beethoven is an American animated television series loosely based on the 1992 motion picture of the same name. The series was produced by Northern Lights Entertainment, Universal Cartoon Studios and Universal Television, and aired for one season (1994–1995) on CBS, with 26 fifteen-minute episodes produced. Dean Jones, who played Dr. Varnick in the movie, voiced the role of George Newton; Nicholle Tom, who played teenage daughter Ryce in the movie and Beethoven's 2nd, was the only cast member from the films to reprise her role in the series.", "title": "Beethoven (TV series)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hum Ho Gaye Aapke is a 2001 Bollywood film, directed by Agathiyan and stars Fardeen Khan and Reema Sen in the lead roles. The film is known to be the Bollywood debut of Reema Sen. It was released on 13 August 2001. It is a remake of Tamil movie \"Gokulathil Seethai\" (1996).", "title": "Hum Ho Gaye Aapke" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge () is a 2011 Indian Hindi romantic comedy film directed by Nupur Asthana, starring debutant actors in the lead roles. The film is the second production of Y-Films, a subsidiary of Yash Raj Films. It released on 14 October 2011. It also marked the debut of Indian folk rocker Raghu Dixit in Bollywood. The film is inspired by the 2001 Telugu movie Anandam and the popular social networking site Facebook. It was declared as a hit at the Indian box office.", "title": "Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For Hope is a 1996 ABC TV movie starring Dana Delany and directed by Bob Saget. Based on Saget's sister Gay, the movie showed the experience of a young woman fatally afflicted with the disease scleroderma. Other cast members included Tracy Nelson and Chris Demetral.", "title": "For Hope" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega (English: \"Every Heart That Loves\") is a 2000 Indian Hindi romance film directed by Raj Kanwar. The film stars Salman Khan, Rani Mukerji, Preity Zinta, and with a special appearance by Shah Rukh Khan. It was highly praised by the critics and was the third hit in a row by Salman Khan-Sajid Nadiadwala (producer) collaboration It became the fourth highest grosser of the year. The film is a remake of 1997 Malayalam film Chandralekha starring Mohanlal and the plot also has some minor elements loosely based on the film \"While You Were Sleeping\".", "title": "Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke Directed by Deepak Shivdasani Produced by Deepak Shivdasani Pradeep Sadarangani Written by Kader Khan, Robin Bhatt, K.V. Shankar (dialogues) Screenplay by Robin Bhatt, Akash Khurana, Umanand Singh Story by Deepak Shivadasani Starring Madhuri Dixit Ajay Devgn Preity Zinta Music by Sanjeev Darshan Cinematography Rajan Kinagi Edited by Shirish Kunder Distributed by Tips Industries Release date 10 August 2001 Language Hindi", "title": "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krishna Aur Kans () is a 2012 Hindi Flash-animated film produced and distributed by Reliance Entertainment. It was directed by Vikram Veturi. It was tax free in six states at the time of his release and released in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and English. A new mobile game was also launched on the occasion of Janmashtami after being inspired from film. It was the widest ever released animation movie in India.", "title": "Krishna Aur Kans" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi is an Indian Bollywood comedy movie, directed by Rahat Kazmi, starring Jennifer Winget, Vinod Dixit, Pawan Malhotra, Saurabh Shukla, Mukesh Tiwari, Dev Singh and Gagandeep Singh. It is going to release in Dec 2013.The shooting of the film completed in 2012. The climax scene was shot in August 2012 in Russian Villa in Malad west. 'Love Kiya Aur Lagg Gayi' is made under the banner of Shreeram Entertainment house and produced by Harish Sharma.", "title": "Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eka Peksha Ek (Devnagari: 'एका पेक्षा एक' ) is a 1990 Action, comedy, Mystery Marathi film directed by Sachin released in India in 1990. The movie stars Lakshmikant Berde as deaf and Sachin as blind. The movie is adapted from Arthur Hiller's 1989 American comedy film \"See No Evil, Hear No Evil\" which was also the inspiration for Hindi movies \"Hum Hain Kamaal Ke\" and \"Pyare Mohan\" , Tamil movie \"Andipatti Arasampatti\" and Kannada movies \"Akka Pakka\" and \"Baduku Jataka Bandi\".", "title": "Eka Peksha Ek" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "U Me Aur Hum (\"You, Me and Us\") is a 2008 Indian romantic drama film produced and directed by Ajay Devgan under Ajay Devgan Films and Eros International. The film, Devgan's first as a director, stars him alongside his wife Kajol in their seventh film together. Karan Khanna, Isha Sharvani, Sumeet Raghavan and Divya Dutta also star in the film. Written by Devgan himself and three other writers, the film was released on 11 April 2008 in around 450 cinemas (with 150 of them being digital screens). The film is plagiarized from the similar 2004 film, \"The Notebook\".", "title": "U Me Aur Hum" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Diya Aur Toofan is a 1995 Hindi language Indian feature film directed by K. Bapaiah, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Madhoo, Suresh Oberoi, Mohnish Bahl and Kader Khan. This film is a remake of the 1979 Kannada movie \"Seetharamu\".", "title": "Diya Aur Toofan (1995 film)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Femina Miss India 2018 Date 19 June 2018 Presenters Karan Johar & Ayushmann Khurrana Entertainment Madhuri Dixit, Kareena Kapoor & Jacqueline Fernandez Venue DOME, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Indoor Stadium, Mumbai Entrants 30 Placements 12 Winner Anukreethy Vas Tamil Nadu ← 2017 2019 →", "title": "Femina Miss India 2018" } ]	What preity zinta and madhuri dixit movie had a cast member from U Me Aur Hum ?	Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke	[]	Title: Pyar Ka Devta Passage: Pyar Ka Devta () is a 1991 Hindi language Indian film directed by Kovelamudi Bapayya, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Madhuri Dixit, and Nirupa Roy. Title: Krishna Aur Kans Passage: Krishna Aur Kans () is a 2012 Hindi Flash-animated film produced and distributed by Reliance Entertainment. It was directed by Vikram Veturi. It was tax free in six states at the time of his release and released in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and English. A new mobile game was also launched on the occasion of Janmashtami after being inspired from film. It was the widest ever released animation movie in India. Title: Mrityudand Passage: The film is a commentary on the social and the gender injustice. As in his other movies, filmmaker Prakash Jha has focussed on the social problems that plague his native state of Bihar, India, and like his other movies this one straddles the boundary between art film and commercial film. The film also boasted of some semi-classical music, tuned by Anand-Milind and Raghunath Seth and worded by Javed Akhtar. The film was critically acclaimed and is considered to be one of Madhuri Dixit's best performances. Title: Nalla Passage: Nalla is a 2004 Kannada romance-drama film directed by V. Nagendra Prasad featuring Sudeep and Sangeetha in the lead roles. The film features background score and soundtrack composed by Venkat Narayan and lyrics by V. Nagendra Prasad. The film released on 12 November 2004. This movie was dubbed in Hindi as "Aur Ek Diljala" This is a remake of 1982 Tamil movie "Moondram Pirai" which itself was loosely based on "City Lights". Title: George Coe Passage: George Coe (May 10, 1929 -- July 18, 2015) was an American stage, film and television actor and voice artist. He did voice - over work in video games, movies and TV shows. He was a cast member for the first season of Saturday Night Live and voiced Woodhouse in Archer. Title: Diya Aur Toofan (1995 film) Passage: Diya Aur Toofan is a 1995 Hindi language Indian feature film directed by K. Bapaiah, starring Mithun Chakraborty, Madhoo, Suresh Oberoi, Mohnish Bahl and Kader Khan. This film is a remake of the 1979 Kannada movie "Seetharamu". Title: Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega Passage: Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega (English: "Every Heart That Loves") is a 2000 Indian Hindi romance film directed by Raj Kanwar. The film stars Salman Khan, Rani Mukerji, Preity Zinta, and with a special appearance by Shah Rukh Khan. It was highly praised by the critics and was the third hit in a row by Salman Khan-Sajid Nadiadwala (producer) collaboration It became the fourth highest grosser of the year. The film is a remake of 1997 Malayalam film Chandralekha starring Mohanlal and the plot also has some minor elements loosely based on the film "While You Were Sleeping". Title: Ruøya Passage: Ruøya is an island in Aure Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is connected to the village of Aure on the mainland to the east by the Aursund Bridge and to the island of Rottøya to the south by the Smalsund Bridge. The large island of Ertvågsøya lies to the west. Title: Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke Passage: Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke Directed by Deepak Shivdasani Produced by Deepak Shivdasani Pradeep Sadarangani Written by Kader Khan, Robin Bhatt, K.V. Shankar (dialogues) Screenplay by Robin Bhatt, Akash Khurana, Umanand Singh Story by Deepak Shivadasani Starring Madhuri Dixit Ajay Devgn Preity Zinta Music by Sanjeev Darshan Cinematography Rajan Kinagi Edited by Shirish Kunder Distributed by Tips Industries Release date 10 August 2001 Language Hindi Title: Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi Passage: Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi is an Indian Bollywood comedy movie, directed by Rahat Kazmi, starring Jennifer Winget, Vinod Dixit, Pawan Malhotra, Saurabh Shukla, Mukesh Tiwari, Dev Singh and Gagandeep Singh. It is going to release in Dec 2013.The shooting of the film completed in 2012. The climax scene was shot in August 2012 in Russian Villa in Malad west. 'Love Kiya Aur Lagg Gayi' is made under the banner of Shreeram Entertainment house and produced by Harish Sharma. Title: All I Want Is You (U2 song) Passage: ``All I Want Is You ''is the final song on U2's 1988 album, Rattle and Hum, and was released on 13 June 1989 as the album's fourth and final single. It is the closing song from the film, Rattle and Hum. String arrangements on the song are by Van Dyke Parks. Title: For Hope Passage: For Hope is a 1996 ABC TV movie starring Dana Delany and directed by Bob Saget. Based on Saget's sister Gay, the movie showed the experience of a young woman fatally afflicted with the disease scleroderma. Other cast members included Tracy Nelson and Chris Demetral. Title: Mohsin Khan (actor) Passage: Mohsin Khan is an Indian television actor and assistant director. He was the second assistant director in the movie Koyelaanchal. Khan made his television debut with Star Plus' show Nisha Aur Uske Cousins. He worked as the main lead Samar Sareen in Life OK's show Dream Girl. He is currently playing the lead, Kartik Goenka, in Star Plus' daily soap Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai. Title: Beethoven (TV series) Passage: Beethoven is an American animated television series loosely based on the 1992 motion picture of the same name. The series was produced by Northern Lights Entertainment, Universal Cartoon Studios and Universal Television, and aired for one season (1994–1995) on CBS, with 26 fifteen-minute episodes produced. Dean Jones, who played Dr. Varnick in the movie, voiced the role of George Newton; Nicholle Tom, who played teenage daughter Ryce in the movie and Beethoven's 2nd, was the only cast member from the films to reprise her role in the series. Title: Aadmi Aur Aurat Passage: Aadmi Aur Aurat (English title - Man and Woman) is 1984 Hindi language Telefilm directed by Tapan Sinha and starring Amol Palekar, Mahua Roy Chawdhary, Kalyan Chatterjee, Nirmal Ghosh, Parimal Sengupta, Sudhir K. Singh, Dipak Sanyal, Sameer Mukharjee. The movie was telecast on Doordarshan, Government owned TV Channel of India. This film was screened in International Film Festival of India-2007. Title: Hum Ho Gaye Aapke Passage: Hum Ho Gaye Aapke is a 2001 Bollywood film, directed by Agathiyan and stars Fardeen Khan and Reema Sen in the lead roles. The film is known to be the Bollywood debut of Reema Sen. It was released on 13 August 2001. It is a remake of Tamil movie "Gokulathil Seethai" (1996). Title: Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge Passage: Mujhse Fraaandship Karoge () is a 2011 Indian Hindi romantic comedy film directed by Nupur Asthana, starring debutant actors in the lead roles. The film is the second production of Y-Films, a subsidiary of Yash Raj Films. It released on 14 October 2011. It also marked the debut of Indian folk rocker Raghu Dixit in Bollywood. The film is inspired by the 2001 Telugu movie Anandam and the popular social networking site Facebook. It was declared as a hit at the Indian box office. Title: Femina Miss India 2018 Passage: Femina Miss India 2018 Date 19 June 2018 Presenters Karan Johar & Ayushmann Khurrana Entertainment Madhuri Dixit, Kareena Kapoor & Jacqueline Fernandez Venue DOME, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Indoor Stadium, Mumbai Entrants 30 Placements 12 Winner Anukreethy Vas Tamil Nadu ← 2017 2019 → Title: Eka Peksha Ek Passage: Eka Peksha Ek (Devnagari: 'एका पेक्षा एक' ) is a 1990 Action, comedy, Mystery Marathi film directed by Sachin released in India in 1990. The movie stars Lakshmikant Berde as deaf and Sachin as blind. The movie is adapted from Arthur Hiller's 1989 American comedy film "See No Evil, Hear No Evil" which was also the inspiration for Hindi movies "Hum Hain Kamaal Ke" and "Pyare Mohan" , Tamil movie "Andipatti Arasampatti" and Kannada movies "Akka Pakka" and "Baduku Jataka Bandi". Title: U Me Aur Hum Passage: U Me Aur Hum ("You, Me and Us") is a 2008 Indian romantic drama film produced and directed by Ajay Devgan under Ajay Devgan Films and Eros International. The film, Devgan's first as a director, stars him alongside his wife Kajol in their seventh film together. Karan Khanna, Isha Sharvani, Sumeet Raghavan and Divya Dutta also star in the film. Written by Devgan himself and three other writers, the film was released on 11 April 2008 in around 450 cinemas (with 150 of them being digital screens). The film is plagiarized from the similar 2004 film, "The Notebook".	[ "Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke", "U Me Aur Hum" ]
2hop__632234_122868	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iain Edgar (born 1948) is a social anthropologist at Durham University. He is a leading expert in the field of dreams and dreaming, and a specialist in altered states of consciousness and mental health. Starting his career in social work, Edgar received a PhD from the University of Keele, where he studied under Ronnie Frankenberg. His thesis \"Dreamwork, Anthropology and the Caring Professions: A Cultural Approach to Dreamwork\" discusses a wide range of psychodynamic possibilities and develops a method to work with dreams within a professional care environment.", "title": "Iain R. Edgar" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dekha Ek Khwaab (English: \"Saw A Dream\", Hindi: देखा एक ख़्वाब) was an Indian soap opera that aired on Sony Entertainment Television India and Sony Entertainment Television Asia. The series premiered on 21 November 2011 and went off air on 2 August 2012.", "title": "Dekha Ek Khwaab" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bioscience Horizons is an online scientific journal which publishes bioscience research. The journal has two aims: a) to publish high-quality research from students, both undergraduate and Masters. b) to enable student authors to directly experience the process of academic publication, as corresponding authors. In 2014, the journal went international, attracting high-quality manuscript submissions from all over the world. Academic reviewers, who are experts in their fields, assess manuscripts as rigorously as they would for other journals. \"Bioscience Horizons\" is published by a consortium of UK universities in partnership with Oxford University Press and was established in 2008.", "title": "Bioscience Horizons" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE.", "title": "Institute of technology" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During his career as an instructor for the Political Science Department at Korea University, the authorities sentenced Ko Sung-kuk to 3 years of imprisonment, and to a 3-year suspension of teaching license under the National Security Act on November 27, 1986.", "title": "Ko Sung-kuk" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hardwood Dreams is a 1993 basketball sports documentary written, directed and produced by Michael Tollin and narrated by Wesley Snipes. It follows five Morningside High School (MHS) seniors during their last high school basketball season, as they dream of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "title": "Hardwood Dreams" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roger E. Kanet is an American professor, author and researcher. Before 1994, his work focused mainly on the Cold War, but now he looks at issues of nationalism and Russian foreign policy. He has been the Associate Vice Chancellor and Chair of the Political Science Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Dean of the School of International Studies at the University of Miami.", "title": "Roger Kanet" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Belinda Chang (born 1963) is a Chinese-language author from Taiwan. She graduated from National Taiwan University's Chinese department, and went on to earn a master's degree in performance culture from New York University. After living in the United States for thirteen years, she later relocated to Beijing and then Shanghai.", "title": "Belinda Chang" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glory Johnson (born July 27, 1990) is an American-born Montenegrin basketball forward for the Dallas Wings of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). Born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, she went to Webb School Of Knoxville and played collegiately for the University of Tennessee Lady Vols. She represents the Montenegro national team internationally.", "title": "Glory Johnson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Darsee obtained his undergraduate education at the University of Notre Dame, then went to medical school at Indiana University, where he received a degree in 1974.", "title": "John Darsee" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reed Wickner graduated from Cornell University with a B.A. degree in 1962. He then went to medical school at Georgetown University and received his M.D. degree in 1966. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences [(AAAS)], and the American Academy of Microbiology, and has been a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is (as of 2012) Chief of the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics at the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health. His research interests pertain to prions and amyloid diseases.", "title": "Reed Wickner" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The National Dream is a 1970 Canadian non-fiction book by Pierre Berton describing the planning and commencement of the Canadian Pacific Railway between 1871 and 1881.", "title": "The National Dream (book)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emil Haraszti (1885 - 1958) was a Hungarian born French music critic and author. He was a director of the National Conservatory of Music in Budapest and was a scholar at the University of Budapest but lived much of his life in France and publishing in French.", "title": "Emil Haraszti" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dream Life of Balso Snell is a 1931 novel by American author Nathanael West. West's first novel, it presents a young man's immature and cynical search for meaning in a series of dreamlike encounters inside the entrails of the Trojan Horse.", "title": "The Dream Life of Balso Snell" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chapter Twelve -- Which dreamed it?: The story ends with Alice recalling the speculation of the Tweedle brothers, that everything may have, in fact, been a dream of the Red King, and that Alice might herself be no more than a figment of his imagination. One final poem is inserted by the author as a sort of epilogue which suggests that life itself is but a dream.", "title": "Through the Looking-Glass" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Places I Never Meant to Be is a book edited by Judy Blume and first published in 1999. The book is a collection of short stories written by authors who have been censored or banned in some form in the United States. Sales went to benefit the National Coalition Against Censorship.", "title": "Places I Never Meant to Be" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marc H. Ellis (born 1952) is an American author, liberation theologian, and a retired University Professor of Jewish Studies, Professor of History and Director of the Center for Jewish Studies at Baylor University. He is currently visiting professor of several international universities, including the University of Innsbruck, Austria and the United Nations University for Peace, Costa Rica.", "title": "Marc H. Ellis" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Like his father, Pierre Berton worked in Klondike mining camps during his years as a history major at the University of British Columbia, where he also worked on the student paper \"The Ubyssey\". He spent his early newspaper career in Vancouver, where at 21 he was the youngest city editor on any Canadian daily, replacing editorial staff that had been called up during the Second World War.", "title": "Pierre Berton" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rex Everett Chapman (born October 5, 1967) is a retired American professional basketball player. Chapman was a college standout at the University of Kentucky and went on to play for four National Basketball Association (NBA) teams through his 12-year career in the league. He later served as the vice president of player personnel with the Denver Nuggets.", "title": "Rex Chapman" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Joseph Schmitz (September 10, 1938 – June 8, 2004) was an American football linebacker who played professionally in the National Football League for the Pittsburgh Steelers. Schmitz graduated from New Holstein High School in New Holstein, Wisconsin. He then went on to initially attend college at University of Wisconsin–Madison, then at Montana State University where he earned a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration.", "title": "Bob Schmitz" } ]	Where did the author of The National Dream go to university?	University of British Columbia	[ "The University of British Columbia" ]	Title: Reed Wickner Passage: Reed Wickner graduated from Cornell University with a B.A. degree in 1962. He then went to medical school at Georgetown University and received his M.D. degree in 1966. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences [(AAAS)], and the American Academy of Microbiology, and has been a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is (as of 2012) Chief of the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics at the National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health. His research interests pertain to prions and amyloid diseases. Title: Places I Never Meant to Be Passage: Places I Never Meant to Be is a book edited by Judy Blume and first published in 1999. The book is a collection of short stories written by authors who have been censored or banned in some form in the United States. Sales went to benefit the National Coalition Against Censorship. Title: Rex Chapman Passage: Rex Everett Chapman (born October 5, 1967) is a retired American professional basketball player. Chapman was a college standout at the University of Kentucky and went on to play for four National Basketball Association (NBA) teams through his 12-year career in the league. He later served as the vice president of player personnel with the Denver Nuggets. Title: Roger Kanet Passage: Roger E. Kanet is an American professor, author and researcher. Before 1994, his work focused mainly on the Cold War, but now he looks at issues of nationalism and Russian foreign policy. He has been the Associate Vice Chancellor and Chair of the Political Science Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and Dean of the School of International Studies at the University of Miami. Title: Ko Sung-kuk Passage: During his career as an instructor for the Political Science Department at Korea University, the authorities sentenced Ko Sung-kuk to 3 years of imprisonment, and to a 3-year suspension of teaching license under the National Security Act on November 27, 1986. Title: Pierre Berton Passage: Like his father, Pierre Berton worked in Klondike mining camps during his years as a history major at the University of British Columbia, where he also worked on the student paper "The Ubyssey". He spent his early newspaper career in Vancouver, where at 21 he was the youngest city editor on any Canadian daily, replacing editorial staff that had been called up during the Second World War. Title: The Dream Life of Balso Snell Passage: The Dream Life of Balso Snell is a 1931 novel by American author Nathanael West. West's first novel, it presents a young man's immature and cynical search for meaning in a series of dreamlike encounters inside the entrails of the Trojan Horse. Title: The National Dream (book) Passage: The National Dream is a 1970 Canadian non-fiction book by Pierre Berton describing the planning and commencement of the Canadian Pacific Railway between 1871 and 1881. Title: Glory Johnson Passage: Glory Johnson (born July 27, 1990) is an American-born Montenegrin basketball forward for the Dallas Wings of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). Born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, she went to Webb School Of Knoxville and played collegiately for the University of Tennessee Lady Vols. She represents the Montenegro national team internationally. Title: Bioscience Horizons Passage: Bioscience Horizons is an online scientific journal which publishes bioscience research. The journal has two aims: a) to publish high-quality research from students, both undergraduate and Masters. b) to enable student authors to directly experience the process of academic publication, as corresponding authors. In 2014, the journal went international, attracting high-quality manuscript submissions from all over the world. Academic reviewers, who are experts in their fields, assess manuscripts as rigorously as they would for other journals. "Bioscience Horizons" is published by a consortium of UK universities in partnership with Oxford University Press and was established in 2008. Title: Bob Schmitz Passage: Robert Joseph Schmitz (September 10, 1938 – June 8, 2004) was an American football linebacker who played professionally in the National Football League for the Pittsburgh Steelers. Schmitz graduated from New Holstein High School in New Holstein, Wisconsin. He then went on to initially attend college at University of Wisconsin–Madison, then at Montana State University where he earned a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration. Title: Institute of technology Passage: There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE. Title: Belinda Chang Passage: Belinda Chang (born 1963) is a Chinese-language author from Taiwan. She graduated from National Taiwan University's Chinese department, and went on to earn a master's degree in performance culture from New York University. After living in the United States for thirteen years, she later relocated to Beijing and then Shanghai. Title: Iain R. Edgar Passage: Iain Edgar (born 1948) is a social anthropologist at Durham University. He is a leading expert in the field of dreams and dreaming, and a specialist in altered states of consciousness and mental health. Starting his career in social work, Edgar received a PhD from the University of Keele, where he studied under Ronnie Frankenberg. His thesis "Dreamwork, Anthropology and the Caring Professions: A Cultural Approach to Dreamwork" discusses a wide range of psychodynamic possibilities and develops a method to work with dreams within a professional care environment. Title: Marc H. Ellis Passage: Marc H. Ellis (born 1952) is an American author, liberation theologian, and a retired University Professor of Jewish Studies, Professor of History and Director of the Center for Jewish Studies at Baylor University. He is currently visiting professor of several international universities, including the University of Innsbruck, Austria and the United Nations University for Peace, Costa Rica. Title: Hardwood Dreams Passage: Hardwood Dreams is a 1993 basketball sports documentary written, directed and produced by Michael Tollin and narrated by Wesley Snipes. It follows five Morningside High School (MHS) seniors during their last high school basketball season, as they dream of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Title: Emil Haraszti Passage: Emil Haraszti (1885 - 1958) was a Hungarian born French music critic and author. He was a director of the National Conservatory of Music in Budapest and was a scholar at the University of Budapest but lived much of his life in France and publishing in French. Title: Through the Looking-Glass Passage: Chapter Twelve -- Which dreamed it?: The story ends with Alice recalling the speculation of the Tweedle brothers, that everything may have, in fact, been a dream of the Red King, and that Alice might herself be no more than a figment of his imagination. One final poem is inserted by the author as a sort of epilogue which suggests that life itself is but a dream. Title: Dekha Ek Khwaab Passage: Dekha Ek Khwaab (English: "Saw A Dream", Hindi: देखा एक ख़्वाब) was an Indian soap opera that aired on Sony Entertainment Television India and Sony Entertainment Television Asia. The series premiered on 21 November 2011 and went off air on 2 August 2012. Title: John Darsee Passage: John Darsee obtained his undergraduate education at the University of Notre Dame, then went to medical school at Indiana University, where he received a degree in 1974.	[ "The National Dream (book)", "Pierre Berton" ]
2hop__122140_37168	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Cairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.", "title": "Egypt" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mind, Brain, and Education is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell. It was established in 2007 as the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society by Kurt W. Fischer (Harvard Graduate School of Education) and David B. Daniel, managing editor. The interdisciplinary journal covers biological and behavioral issues relevant to the broad field of education. The current editor-in-chief is Pat Levitt (University of Southern California). According to the \"Journal Citation Reports\", the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 1.63, ranking it 87th out of 238 journals in the category \"Education & Educational Research\" and 50th out of 73 journals in the category \"Psychology, Developmental\".", "title": "Mind, Brain, and Education" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soonchunhyang University (SCH) is a private university in South Korea, founded in 1978. It is located in the city of Asan, South Chungcheong province, about 52 miles (88 km) southwest of Seoul. It was founded by Dr. Succ-Jo Suh in 1978 as a medical college with 80 students, but expanded to become a comprehensive university in 1980, offering both undergraduate and graduate programs. In 2009, the university was ranked 31st among all South Korean universities in a comprehensive evaluation by the JoongAng Ilbo. It was also ranked 151st among Asia-Pacific universities by Chosun-QS Asia in 2010.", "title": "Soonchunhyang University" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's \"Great Schools, Great Prices\" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 \"Top University to Work For in 2014\" and as the best college in Utah.", "title": "Brigham Young University" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some of Australia's most prominent and well known schools are based in Melbourne. Of the top twenty high schools in Australia according to the Better Education ranking, six are located in Melbourne. There has also been a rapid increase in the number of International students studying in the city. Furthermore, Melbourne was ranked the world's fourth top university city in 2008 after London, Boston and Tokyo in a poll commissioned by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Melbourne is the home of seven public universities: the University of Melbourne, Monash University, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Deakin University, La Trobe University, Swinburne University of Technology and Victoria University.", "title": "Melbourne" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2004, Miami had the third highest incidence of family incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, making it the third poorest city in the USA, behind only Detroit, Michigan (ranked #1) and El Paso, Texas (ranked #2). Miami is also one of the very few cities where its local government went bankrupt, in 2001. However, since that time, Miami has experienced a revival: in 2008, Miami was ranked as \"America's Cleanest City\" according to Forbes for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. In a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States (of four U.S. cities included in the survey) and the world's fifth-richest city, in terms of purchasing power.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harvard has been highly ranked by many university rankings. In particular, it has consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) since 2003, and the THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published. When the QS and Times were published in partnership as the THE-QS World University Rankings during 2004-2009, Harvard had also been regarded the first in every year. The University's undergraduate program has been continuously among the top two in the U.S. News & World Report. In 2014, Harvard topped the University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP). It was ranked 8th on the 2013-2014 PayScale College Salary Report and 14th on the 2013 PayScale College Education Value Rankings. From a poll done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is the second most commonly named \"dream college\", both for students and parents in 2013, and was the first nominated by parents in 2009. In 2011, the Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities ranked Harvard 1st university in the world in terms of number of alumni holding CEO position in Fortune Global 500 companies.", "title": "Harvard University" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the U.S. News & World Report's \"America’s Best Colleges\" 2016 issue, KU’s School of Engineering was ranked tied for 90th among national universities.", "title": "University of Kansas" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is one of the world's leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.[note 3] London is a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and a 2014 report placed it first in the world university rankings. According to the report London also ranks first in the world in software, multimedia development and design, and shares first position in technology readiness. In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2009, the university's Marriott School of Management received a No. 5 ranking by BusinessWeek for its undergraduate programs, and its MBA program was ranked by several sources: No. 22 ranking by BusinessWeek, No. 16 by Forbes, and No. 29 by U.S. News & World Report. Among regional schools the MBA program was ranked No. 1 by The Wall Street Journal's most recent ranking (2007), and it was ranked No. 92 among business schools worldwide in 2009 by Financial Times. For 2009, the university's School of Accountancy, which is housed within the Marriott School, received two No. 3 rankings for its undergraduate program—one by Public Accounting Report and the other by U.S. News & World Report. The same two reporting agencies also ranked the school's MAcc program No. 3 and No. 8 in the nation, respectively. In 2010, an article in the Wall Street Journal listing institutions whose graduates were the top-rated by recruiters ranked BYU No. 11. Using 2010 fiscal year data, the Association of University Technology Managers ranked BYU No. 3 in an evaluation of universities creating the most startup companies through campus research.", "title": "Brigham Young University" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Cory-Wright was educated at Eton College. He graduated with a BSc degree from Birmingham University in 1965. Richard Cory-Wright gained the rank of Lieutenant in the Leicestershire and Derbyshire Yeomanry.", "title": "Richard Cory-Wright" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine is the largest veterinary school in the United States and is currently ranked #1 among veterinary schools in the USA by US News & World report. In addition it is ranked 1st in the world according to the QS World University Rankings for two consecutive years: 2015 and 2016. Established in 1948, the school is the primary health resource for California's various animal populations. It is located in the southwest corner of the main campus of the University of California, Davis. The current Dean of Veterinary Medicine is Dr. Michael Lairmore.", "title": "UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2013, Washington University received a record 30,117 applications for a freshman class of 1,500 with an acceptance rate of 13.7%. More than 90% of incoming freshmen whose high schools ranked were ranked in the top 10% of their high school classes. In 2006, the university ranked fourth overall and second among private universities in the number of enrolled National Merit Scholar freshmen, according to the National Merit Scholar Corporation's annual report. In 2008, Washington University was ranked #1 for quality of life according to The Princeton Review, among other top rankings. In addition, the Olin Business School's undergraduate program is among the top 4 in the country. The Olin Business School's undergraduate program is also among the country's most competitive, admitting only 14% of applicants in 2007 and ranking #1 in SAT scores with an average composite of 1492 M+CR according to BusinessWeek.", "title": "Washington University in St. Louis" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paris Universitas was an alliance of six institutions of higher education in Paris, France, that existed from 2005 to 2010. Paris Universitas offered a wide range of disciplines, from medicine to the humanities, engineering, law, management and the social sciences. The institution expected to rank between 1 and 3 in Europe for number of publications, although rankings were not released due to the short lifespan of the institution. In 2006, Paris Universitas was ranked first among European universities and 4th in the world for the largest volume of English-language publications.", "title": "Paris Universitas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the journal DesignIntelligence, which annually publishes \"America's Best Architecture and Design Schools,\" the School of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Kansas was named the best in the Midwest and ranked 11th among all undergraduate architecture programs in the U.S in 2012.", "title": "University of Kansas" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.", "title": "Hala El Badry" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.", "title": "Mexico City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of Southampton, which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952, has over 22,000 students. The university is ranked in the top 100 research universities in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2010. In 2010, the THES - QS World University Rankings positioned the University of Southampton in the top 80 universities in the world. The university considers itself one of the top 5 research universities in the UK. The university has a global reputation for research into engineering sciences, oceanography, chemistry, cancer sciences, sound and vibration research, computer science and electronics, optoelectronics and textile conservation at the Textile Conservation Centre (which is due to close in October 2009.) It is also home to the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS), the focus of Natural Environment Research Council-funded marine research.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1945, the British entrepreneur J. Arthur Rank, hoping to expand his American presence, bought into a four-way merger with Universal, the independent company International Pictures, and producer Kenneth Young. The new combine, United World Pictures, was a failure and was dissolved within one year. Rank and International remained interested in Universal, however, culminating in the studio's reorganization as Universal-International. William Goetz, a founder of International, was made head of production at the renamed Universal-International Pictures Inc., which also served as an import-export subsidiary, and copyright holder for the production arm's films. Goetz, a son-in-law of Louis B. Mayer decided to bring \"prestige\" to the new company. He stopped the studio's low-budget production of B movies, serials and curtailed Universal's horror and \"Arabian Nights\" cycles. Distribution and copyright control remained under the name of Universal Pictures Company Inc.", "title": "Universal Pictures" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2014/15 QS World University Rankings, Imperial College London is ranked joint 2nd in the world (alongside The University of Cambridge), University College London (UCL) is ranked 5th, and King's College London (KCL) is ranked 16th. The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2015 its MBA programme was ranked second best in the world by the Financial Times.", "title": "London" } ]	Where does Hala El Badry's university rank according to QS World University Rankings?	551-600	[]	Title: Miami Passage: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2004, Miami had the third highest incidence of family incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, making it the third poorest city in the USA, behind only Detroit, Michigan (ranked #1) and El Paso, Texas (ranked #2). Miami is also one of the very few cities where its local government went bankrupt, in 2001. However, since that time, Miami has experienced a revival: in 2008, Miami was ranked as "America's Cleanest City" according to Forbes for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. In a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States (of four U.S. cities included in the survey) and the world's fifth-richest city, in terms of purchasing power. Title: Mind, Brain, and Education Passage: Mind, Brain, and Education is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell. It was established in 2007 as the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society by Kurt W. Fischer (Harvard Graduate School of Education) and David B. Daniel, managing editor. The interdisciplinary journal covers biological and behavioral issues relevant to the broad field of education. The current editor-in-chief is Pat Levitt (University of Southern California). According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2017 impact factor of 1.63, ranking it 87th out of 238 journals in the category "Education & Educational Research" and 50th out of 73 journals in the category "Psychology, Developmental". Title: Harvard University Passage: Harvard has been highly ranked by many university rankings. In particular, it has consistently topped the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) since 2003, and the THE World Reputation Rankings since 2011, when the first time such league tables were published. When the QS and Times were published in partnership as the THE-QS World University Rankings during 2004-2009, Harvard had also been regarded the first in every year. The University's undergraduate program has been continuously among the top two in the U.S. News & World Report. In 2014, Harvard topped the University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP). It was ranked 8th on the 2013-2014 PayScale College Salary Report and 14th on the 2013 PayScale College Education Value Rankings. From a poll done by The Princeton Review, Harvard is the second most commonly named "dream college", both for students and parents in 2013, and was the first nominated by parents in 2009. In 2011, the Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities ranked Harvard 1st university in the world in terms of number of alumni holding CEO position in Fortune Global 500 companies. Title: Melbourne Passage: Some of Australia's most prominent and well known schools are based in Melbourne. Of the top twenty high schools in Australia according to the Better Education ranking, six are located in Melbourne. There has also been a rapid increase in the number of International students studying in the city. Furthermore, Melbourne was ranked the world's fourth top university city in 2008 after London, Boston and Tokyo in a poll commissioned by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Melbourne is the home of seven public universities: the University of Melbourne, Monash University, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Deakin University, La Trobe University, Swinburne University of Technology and Victoria University. Title: Brigham Young University Passage: In 2009, the university's Marriott School of Management received a No. 5 ranking by BusinessWeek for its undergraduate programs, and its MBA program was ranked by several sources: No. 22 ranking by BusinessWeek, No. 16 by Forbes, and No. 29 by U.S. News & World Report. Among regional schools the MBA program was ranked No. 1 by The Wall Street Journal's most recent ranking (2007), and it was ranked No. 92 among business schools worldwide in 2009 by Financial Times. For 2009, the university's School of Accountancy, which is housed within the Marriott School, received two No. 3 rankings for its undergraduate program—one by Public Accounting Report and the other by U.S. News & World Report. The same two reporting agencies also ranked the school's MAcc program No. 3 and No. 8 in the nation, respectively. In 2010, an article in the Wall Street Journal listing institutions whose graduates were the top-rated by recruiters ranked BYU No. 11. Using 2010 fiscal year data, the Association of University Technology Managers ranked BYU No. 3 in an evaluation of universities creating the most startup companies through campus research. Title: Mexico City Passage: The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007. Title: Paris Universitas Passage: Paris Universitas was an alliance of six institutions of higher education in Paris, France, that existed from 2005 to 2010. Paris Universitas offered a wide range of disciplines, from medicine to the humanities, engineering, law, management and the social sciences. The institution expected to rank between 1 and 3 in Europe for number of publications, although rankings were not released due to the short lifespan of the institution. In 2006, Paris Universitas was ranked first among European universities and 4th in the world for the largest volume of English-language publications. Title: Universal Pictures Passage: In 1945, the British entrepreneur J. Arthur Rank, hoping to expand his American presence, bought into a four-way merger with Universal, the independent company International Pictures, and producer Kenneth Young. The new combine, United World Pictures, was a failure and was dissolved within one year. Rank and International remained interested in Universal, however, culminating in the studio's reorganization as Universal-International. William Goetz, a founder of International, was made head of production at the renamed Universal-International Pictures Inc., which also served as an import-export subsidiary, and copyright holder for the production arm's films. Goetz, a son-in-law of Louis B. Mayer decided to bring "prestige" to the new company. He stopped the studio's low-budget production of B movies, serials and curtailed Universal's horror and "Arabian Nights" cycles. Distribution and copyright control remained under the name of Universal Pictures Company Inc. Title: London Passage: London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is one of the world's leading financial centres and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.[note 3] London is a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London is one of the world's leading investment destinations, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and a 2014 report placed it first in the world university rankings. According to the report London also ranks first in the world in software, multimedia development and design, and shares first position in technology readiness. In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times. Title: Washington University in St. Louis Passage: In 2013, Washington University received a record 30,117 applications for a freshman class of 1,500 with an acceptance rate of 13.7%. More than 90% of incoming freshmen whose high schools ranked were ranked in the top 10% of their high school classes. In 2006, the university ranked fourth overall and second among private universities in the number of enrolled National Merit Scholar freshmen, according to the National Merit Scholar Corporation's annual report. In 2008, Washington University was ranked #1 for quality of life according to The Princeton Review, among other top rankings. In addition, the Olin Business School's undergraduate program is among the top 4 in the country. The Olin Business School's undergraduate program is also among the country's most competitive, admitting only 14% of applicants in 2007 and ranking #1 in SAT scores with an average composite of 1492 M+CR according to BusinessWeek. Title: Soonchunhyang University Passage: Soonchunhyang University (SCH) is a private university in South Korea, founded in 1978. It is located in the city of Asan, South Chungcheong province, about 52 miles (88 km) southwest of Seoul. It was founded by Dr. Succ-Jo Suh in 1978 as a medical college with 80 students, but expanded to become a comprehensive university in 1980, offering both undergraduate and graduate programs. In 2009, the university was ranked 31st among all South Korean universities in a comprehensive evaluation by the JoongAng Ilbo. It was also ranked 151st among Asia-Pacific universities by Chosun-QS Asia in 2010. Title: University of Kansas Passage: According to the journal DesignIntelligence, which annually publishes "America's Best Architecture and Design Schools," the School of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Kansas was named the best in the Midwest and ranked 11th among all undergraduate architecture programs in the U.S in 2012. Title: UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Passage: The University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine is the largest veterinary school in the United States and is currently ranked #1 among veterinary schools in the USA by US News & World report. In addition it is ranked 1st in the world according to the QS World University Rankings for two consecutive years: 2015 and 2016. Established in 1948, the school is the primary health resource for California's various animal populations. It is located in the southwest corner of the main campus of the University of California, Davis. The current Dean of Veterinary Medicine is Dr. Michael Lairmore. Title: University of Kansas Passage: In the U.S. News & World Report's "America’s Best Colleges" 2016 issue, KU’s School of Engineering was ranked tied for 90th among national universities. Title: Hala El Badry Passage: Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine. Title: Southampton Passage: The University of Southampton, which was founded in 1862 and received its Royal Charter as a university in 1952, has over 22,000 students. The university is ranked in the top 100 research universities in the world in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2010. In 2010, the THES - QS World University Rankings positioned the University of Southampton in the top 80 universities in the world. The university considers itself one of the top 5 research universities in the UK. The university has a global reputation for research into engineering sciences, oceanography, chemistry, cancer sciences, sound and vibration research, computer science and electronics, optoelectronics and textile conservation at the Textile Conservation Centre (which is due to close in October 2009.) It is also home to the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS), the focus of Natural Environment Research Council-funded marine research. Title: Brigham Young University Passage: For 2016, U.S. News & World Report ranked BYU as tied for 66th for national universities in the United States. A 2013 Quarterly Journal of Economics study of where the nation's top high school students choose to enroll ranked BYU No. 21 in its peer-reviewed study. The Princeton Review has ranked BYU the best value for college in 2007, and its library is consistently ranked in the nation's top ten — No. 1 in 2004 and No. 4 in 2007. BYU is also ranked No. 19 in the U.S. News and World Report's "Great Schools, Great Prices" lineup, and No. 12 in lowest student-incurred debt. Due in part to the school's emphasis on undergraduate research, in rankings for 2008-2009, BYU was ranked No. 10 nationally for the number of students who go on to earn PhDs, No. 1 nationally for students who go on to dental school, No. 6 nationally for students who go on to law school, and No. 10 nationally for students who go on to medical school. BYU is designated as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.]] Forbes Magazine ranked it as the No. 1 "Top University to Work For in 2014" and as the best college in Utah. Title: Richard Cory-Wright Passage: Richard Cory-Wright was educated at Eton College. He graduated with a BSc degree from Birmingham University in 1965. Richard Cory-Wright gained the rank of Lieutenant in the Leicestershire and Derbyshire Yeomanry. Title: Egypt Passage: Cairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology. Title: London Passage: A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2014/15 QS World University Rankings, Imperial College London is ranked joint 2nd in the world (alongside The University of Cambridge), University College London (UCL) is ranked 5th, and King's College London (KCL) is ranked 16th. The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2015 its MBA programme was ranked second best in the world by the Financial Times.	[ "Egypt", "Hala El Badry" ]
2hop__29606_600504	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, the Torelli theorem, named after Ruggiero Torelli, is a classical result of algebraic geometry over the complex number field, stating that a non-singular projective algebraic curve (compact Riemann surface) \"C\" is determined by its Jacobian variety \"J\"(\"C\"), when the latter is given in the form of a principally polarized abelian variety. In other words, the complex torus \"J\"(\"C\"), with certain 'markings', is enough to recover \"C\". The same statement holds over any algebraically closed field. From more precise information on the constructed isomorphism of the curves it follows that if the canonically principally polarized Jacobian varieties of curves of genus formula_1 are \"k\"-isomorphic for \"k\" any perfect field, so are the curves.", "title": "Torelli theorem" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the Salisbury rail crash of 1 July 1906, a LSWR boat train from Plymouth's Friary railway station to London Waterloo station failed to navigate a very sharp curve at the eastern end of Salisbury railway station. The curve had a maximum permitted speed of , but the express had been travelling at more than . The train was completely derailed, and smashed into a milk train and a light engine, killing 28 people.", "title": "Salisbury rail crash" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Hilbert curve (also known as a Hilbert space-filling curve) is a continuous fractal space-filling curve first described by the German mathematician David Hilbert in 1891, as a variant of the space-filling Peano curves discovered by Giuseppe Peano in 1890.", "title": "Hilbert curve" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, the Crofton formula, named after Morgan Crofton (1826–1915), is a classic result of integral geometry relating the length of a curve to the expected number of times a \"random\" line intersects it.", "title": "Crofton formula" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Senior Whitehead Prize of the London Mathematical Society (LMS) is now awarded in odd numbered years in memory of John Henry Constantine Whitehead, president of the LMS between 1953 and 1955. The Prize is awarded to mathematicians normally resident in the United Kingdom on 1 January of the relevant year. Selection criteria include work in, influence on or service to mathematics, or recognition of lecturing gifts in the field of mathematics. Previous recipients of top LMS prizes or medals are ineligible for nomination.", "title": "Senior Whitehead Prize" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, the Edwards curves are a family of elliptic curves studied by Harold Edwards in 2007. The concept of elliptic curves over finite fields is widely used in elliptic curve cryptography. Applications of Edwards curves to cryptography were developed by Daniel J. Bernstein and Tanja Lange: they pointed out several advantages of the Edwards form in comparison to the more well known Weierstrass form.", "title": "Edwards curve" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Luminous efficacy of a light source may be defined in two ways. The radiant luminous efficacy (LER) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths. The source luminous efficacy (LES) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power input to the source, such as a lamp. Visible light is measured in lumens, a unit which is defined in part by the differing sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. Not all wavelengths of visible electromagnetic energy are equally effective at stimulating the human eye; the luminous efficacy of radiant energy (LER) is a measure of how well the distribution of energy matches the perception of the eye. The units of luminous efficacy are \"lumens per watt\" (lpw). The maximum LER possible is 683 lm/W for monochromatic green light at 555 nanometers wavelength, the peak sensitivity of the human eye.", "title": "Incandescent light bulb" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Ernest Kronauer is the Gordon McKay Professor of Mechanical Engineering, emeritus, at Harvard University. Though experienced with research in both fluid mechanics and applied mathematics, he is primarily known for his pioneering work in mathematical biology, especially research on human circadian rhythms. Kronauer's 1982 paper \"Mathematical model of the human circadian system with two interacting oscillators\" outlined a new method for understanding the biological circuits that underlie daily body cycles in variables such as blood pressure or body temperature. Professor Kronauer's research also has direct implications for the causes and possible cures for many types of sleep disorders, and for this he will receive the Farrell Prize in Sleep Medicine in June 2008.", "title": "Richard Ernest Kronauer" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "HD 16417 b (also called λ Fornacis b) is an extrasolar planet located approximately 83 light years away in the constellation of Fornax, orbiting the 6th magnitude G-type main sequence star HD 16417. This planet has minimum mass only 7% that of Jupiter, making this a Neptune-mass planet. In addition to this, it orbits relatively close to the host star and suffers high temperature. It is the third planet discovered in Fornax constellation on February 23, 2009. This planet was discovered by a method called the radial velocity method.", "title": "HD 16417 b" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a sophisticated theory of colour based on the observation that a prism separates white light into the colours of the visible spectrum. His work on light was collected in his highly influential book Opticks, published in 1704. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling, made the first theoretical calculation of the speed of sound, and introduced the notion of a Newtonian fluid. In addition to his work on calculus, as a mathematician Newton contributed to the study of power series, generalised the binomial theorem to non-integer exponents, developed a method for approximating the roots of a function, and classified most of the cubic plane curves.", "title": "Isaac Newton" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Curtis Tracy McMullen (born May 21, 1958) is an American mathematician who is the Cabot Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1998 for his work in complex dynamics, hyperbolic geometry and Teichmüller theory.", "title": "Curtis T. McMullen" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Radio waves were first predicted by mathematical work done in 1867 by Scottish mathematical physicist James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell noticed wavelike properties of light and similarities in electrical and magnetic observations. His mathematical theory, now called Maxwell's equations, described light waves and radio waves as waves of electromagnetism that travel in space, radiated by a charged particle as it undergoes acceleration. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated the reality of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves by experimentally generating radio waves in his laboratory, showing that they exhibited the same wave properties as light: standing waves, refraction, diffraction, and polarization. Radio waves, originally called ``Hertzian waves '', were first used for communication in the mid 1890s by Guglielmo Marconi, who developed the first practical radio transmitters and receivers.", "title": "Radio wave" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bilkis (minor planet designation: 585 Bilkis) is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. It was discovered by German astronomer August Kopff in 1906 February and was given the Koran name for the Queen of Sheba. Photometric observations at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado in 2006–7 were used to build a light curve for this object. The asteroid displayed a rotation period of 8.5742 ± 0.0005 hours and a brightness variation of 0.40 ± 0.02 in magnitude.", "title": "585 Bilkis" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Wien's approximation (also sometimes called Wien's law or the Wien distribution law) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation (frequently called the blackbody function). This law was first derived by Wilhelm Wien in 1896. The equation does accurately describe the short wavelength (high frequency) spectrum of thermal emission from objects, but it fails to accurately fit the experimental data for long wavelengths (low frequency) emission.", "title": "Wien approximation" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The assumption that black-body radiation is thermal leads to an accurate prediction: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule, the Stefan–Boltzmann law (1879–84). But it was also known that the colour of the light given off by a hot object changes with the temperature, so that \"white hot\" is hotter than \"red hot\". Nevertheless, Wilhelm Wien discovered the mathematical relationship between the peaks of the curves at different temperatures, by using the principle of adiabatic invariance. At each different temperature, the curve is moved over by Wien's displacement law (1893). Wien also proposed an approximation for the spectrum of the object, which was correct at high frequencies (short wavelength) but not at low frequencies (long wavelength). It still was not clear why the spectrum of a hot object had the form that it has (see diagram).", "title": "Planck constant" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Discovered by Michael Faraday in 1845, the Faraday effect was the first experimental evidence that light and electromagnetism are related. The theoretical basis of electromagnetic radiation (which includes visible light) was completed by James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s and 1870s. This effect occurs in most optically transparent dielectric materials (including liquids) under the influence of magnetic fields.", "title": "Faraday effect" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In mathematics, a Plücker formula, named after Julius Plücker, is one of a family of formulae, of a type first developed by Plücker in the 1830s, that relate certain numeric invariants of algebraic curves to corresponding invariants of their dual curves. The invariant called the genus, common to both the curve and its dual, is connected to the other invariants by similar formulae. These formulae, and the fact that each of the invariants must be a positive integer, place quite strict limitations on their possible values.", "title": "Plücker formula" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The mechanical equivalence principle was first stated in its modern form by the German surgeon Julius Robert von Mayer in 1842. Mayer reached his conclusion on a voyage to the Dutch East Indies, where he found that his patients' blood was a deeper red because they were consuming less oxygen, and therefore less energy, to maintain their body temperature in the hotter climate. He discovered that heat and mechanical work were both forms of energy and in 1845, after improving his knowledge of physics, he published a monograph that stated a quantitative relationship between them.", "title": "Conservation of energy" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Leroy P. Steele Prizes are awarded every year by the American Mathematical Society, for distinguished research work and writing in the field of mathematics. Since 1993 there has been a formal division into three categories.", "title": "Leroy P. Steele Prize" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "750 Oskar is a minor planet orbiting the Sun that was discovered by Johann Palisa on 28 April 1913 in Vienna. Photometric observations made in 2012 at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico, produced a light curve with a period of 6.2584 ± 0.0002 hours and a brightness variation of 0.21 ± 0.02 in magnitude. This is a member of the Nysa family of asteroids that share similar orbital elements.", "title": "750 Oskar" } ]	What field of work was the person who discovered the mathematical relationship between peaks and curves of light at different temperatures in?	physic	[ "Physic" ]	Title: Torelli theorem Passage: In mathematics, the Torelli theorem, named after Ruggiero Torelli, is a classical result of algebraic geometry over the complex number field, stating that a non-singular projective algebraic curve (compact Riemann surface) "C" is determined by its Jacobian variety "J"("C"), when the latter is given in the form of a principally polarized abelian variety. In other words, the complex torus "J"("C"), with certain 'markings', is enough to recover "C". The same statement holds over any algebraically closed field. From more precise information on the constructed isomorphism of the curves it follows that if the canonically principally polarized Jacobian varieties of curves of genus formula_1 are "k"-isomorphic for "k" any perfect field, so are the curves. Title: Richard Ernest Kronauer Passage: Richard Ernest Kronauer is the Gordon McKay Professor of Mechanical Engineering, emeritus, at Harvard University. Though experienced with research in both fluid mechanics and applied mathematics, he is primarily known for his pioneering work in mathematical biology, especially research on human circadian rhythms. Kronauer's 1982 paper "Mathematical model of the human circadian system with two interacting oscillators" outlined a new method for understanding the biological circuits that underlie daily body cycles in variables such as blood pressure or body temperature. Professor Kronauer's research also has direct implications for the causes and possible cures for many types of sleep disorders, and for this he will receive the Farrell Prize in Sleep Medicine in June 2008. Title: 585 Bilkis Passage: Bilkis (minor planet designation: 585 Bilkis) is a minor planet orbiting the Sun. It was discovered by German astronomer August Kopff in 1906 February and was given the Koran name for the Queen of Sheba. Photometric observations at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado in 2006–7 were used to build a light curve for this object. The asteroid displayed a rotation period of 8.5742 ± 0.0005 hours and a brightness variation of 0.40 ± 0.02 in magnitude. Title: Leroy P. Steele Prize Passage: The Leroy P. Steele Prizes are awarded every year by the American Mathematical Society, for distinguished research work and writing in the field of mathematics. Since 1993 there has been a formal division into three categories. Title: Edwards curve Passage: In mathematics, the Edwards curves are a family of elliptic curves studied by Harold Edwards in 2007. The concept of elliptic curves over finite fields is widely used in elliptic curve cryptography. Applications of Edwards curves to cryptography were developed by Daniel J. Bernstein and Tanja Lange: they pointed out several advantages of the Edwards form in comparison to the more well known Weierstrass form. Title: 750 Oskar Passage: 750 Oskar is a minor planet orbiting the Sun that was discovered by Johann Palisa on 28 April 1913 in Vienna. Photometric observations made in 2012 at the Organ Mesa Observatory in Las Cruces, New Mexico, produced a light curve with a period of 6.2584 ± 0.0002 hours and a brightness variation of 0.21 ± 0.02 in magnitude. This is a member of the Nysa family of asteroids that share similar orbital elements. Title: Salisbury rail crash Passage: In the Salisbury rail crash of 1 July 1906, a LSWR boat train from Plymouth's Friary railway station to London Waterloo station failed to navigate a very sharp curve at the eastern end of Salisbury railway station. The curve had a maximum permitted speed of , but the express had been travelling at more than . The train was completely derailed, and smashed into a milk train and a light engine, killing 28 people. Title: Senior Whitehead Prize Passage: The Senior Whitehead Prize of the London Mathematical Society (LMS) is now awarded in odd numbered years in memory of John Henry Constantine Whitehead, president of the LMS between 1953 and 1955. The Prize is awarded to mathematicians normally resident in the United Kingdom on 1 January of the relevant year. Selection criteria include work in, influence on or service to mathematics, or recognition of lecturing gifts in the field of mathematics. Previous recipients of top LMS prizes or medals are ineligible for nomination. Title: Hilbert curve Passage: A Hilbert curve (also known as a Hilbert space-filling curve) is a continuous fractal space-filling curve first described by the German mathematician David Hilbert in 1891, as a variant of the space-filling Peano curves discovered by Giuseppe Peano in 1890. Title: Crofton formula Passage: In mathematics, the Crofton formula, named after Morgan Crofton (1826–1915), is a classic result of integral geometry relating the length of a curve to the expected number of times a "random" line intersects it. Title: Faraday effect Passage: Discovered by Michael Faraday in 1845, the Faraday effect was the first experimental evidence that light and electromagnetism are related. The theoretical basis of electromagnetic radiation (which includes visible light) was completed by James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s and 1870s. This effect occurs in most optically transparent dielectric materials (including liquids) under the influence of magnetic fields. Title: Wien approximation Passage: Wien's approximation (also sometimes called Wien's law or the Wien distribution law) is a law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation (frequently called the blackbody function). This law was first derived by Wilhelm Wien in 1896. The equation does accurately describe the short wavelength (high frequency) spectrum of thermal emission from objects, but it fails to accurately fit the experimental data for long wavelengths (low frequency) emission. Title: Incandescent light bulb Passage: Luminous efficacy of a light source may be defined in two ways. The radiant luminous efficacy (LER) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths. The source luminous efficacy (LES) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power input to the source, such as a lamp. Visible light is measured in lumens, a unit which is defined in part by the differing sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. Not all wavelengths of visible electromagnetic energy are equally effective at stimulating the human eye; the luminous efficacy of radiant energy (LER) is a measure of how well the distribution of energy matches the perception of the eye. The units of luminous efficacy are "lumens per watt" (lpw). The maximum LER possible is 683 lm/W for monochromatic green light at 555 nanometers wavelength, the peak sensitivity of the human eye. Title: Isaac Newton Passage: Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a sophisticated theory of colour based on the observation that a prism separates white light into the colours of the visible spectrum. His work on light was collected in his highly influential book Opticks, published in 1704. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling, made the first theoretical calculation of the speed of sound, and introduced the notion of a Newtonian fluid. In addition to his work on calculus, as a mathematician Newton contributed to the study of power series, generalised the binomial theorem to non-integer exponents, developed a method for approximating the roots of a function, and classified most of the cubic plane curves. Title: Planck constant Passage: The assumption that black-body radiation is thermal leads to an accurate prediction: the total amount of emitted energy goes up with the temperature according to a definite rule, the Stefan–Boltzmann law (1879–84). But it was also known that the colour of the light given off by a hot object changes with the temperature, so that "white hot" is hotter than "red hot". Nevertheless, Wilhelm Wien discovered the mathematical relationship between the peaks of the curves at different temperatures, by using the principle of adiabatic invariance. At each different temperature, the curve is moved over by Wien's displacement law (1893). Wien also proposed an approximation for the spectrum of the object, which was correct at high frequencies (short wavelength) but not at low frequencies (long wavelength). It still was not clear why the spectrum of a hot object had the form that it has (see diagram). Title: HD 16417 b Passage: HD 16417 b (also called λ Fornacis b) is an extrasolar planet located approximately 83 light years away in the constellation of Fornax, orbiting the 6th magnitude G-type main sequence star HD 16417. This planet has minimum mass only 7% that of Jupiter, making this a Neptune-mass planet. In addition to this, it orbits relatively close to the host star and suffers high temperature. It is the third planet discovered in Fornax constellation on February 23, 2009. This planet was discovered by a method called the radial velocity method. Title: Plücker formula Passage: In mathematics, a Plücker formula, named after Julius Plücker, is one of a family of formulae, of a type first developed by Plücker in the 1830s, that relate certain numeric invariants of algebraic curves to corresponding invariants of their dual curves. The invariant called the genus, common to both the curve and its dual, is connected to the other invariants by similar formulae. These formulae, and the fact that each of the invariants must be a positive integer, place quite strict limitations on their possible values. Title: Conservation of energy Passage: The mechanical equivalence principle was first stated in its modern form by the German surgeon Julius Robert von Mayer in 1842. Mayer reached his conclusion on a voyage to the Dutch East Indies, where he found that his patients' blood was a deeper red because they were consuming less oxygen, and therefore less energy, to maintain their body temperature in the hotter climate. He discovered that heat and mechanical work were both forms of energy and in 1845, after improving his knowledge of physics, he published a monograph that stated a quantitative relationship between them. Title: Curtis T. McMullen Passage: Curtis Tracy McMullen (born May 21, 1958) is an American mathematician who is the Cabot Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1998 for his work in complex dynamics, hyperbolic geometry and Teichmüller theory. Title: Radio wave Passage: Radio waves were first predicted by mathematical work done in 1867 by Scottish mathematical physicist James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell noticed wavelike properties of light and similarities in electrical and magnetic observations. His mathematical theory, now called Maxwell's equations, described light waves and radio waves as waves of electromagnetism that travel in space, radiated by a charged particle as it undergoes acceleration. In 1887, Heinrich Hertz demonstrated the reality of Maxwell's electromagnetic waves by experimentally generating radio waves in his laboratory, showing that they exhibited the same wave properties as light: standing waves, refraction, diffraction, and polarization. Radio waves, originally called ``Hertzian waves '', were first used for communication in the mid 1890s by Guglielmo Marconi, who developed the first practical radio transmitters and receivers.	[ "Wien approximation", "Planck constant" ]
2hop__70338_36240	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bill of Rights in the United States is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787 -- 88 debate over ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill of Rights, along with earlier documents such as Magna Carta (1215). In practice, the amendments had little impact on judgments by the courts for the first 150 years after ratification.", "title": "United States Bill of Rights" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mammillaria mammilllaris, common name Woolly Nipple Cactus, is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae. It is the type species of the genus \"Mammillaria\". It has been described by Carolus Linnaeus as \"Cactus mammillaris\" in 1753. The specific epithet \"mammillaris\" comes from the Latin \"mammilla\", meaning \"nipple\", with reference to the characteristic tubercles.", "title": "Mammillaria mammillaris" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The LDP publishes many HowTo documents, which instruct a user on the specific steps to take to achieve a desired goal. These goals are sometimes very specific, such as configuring a particular modem, and sometimes very broad, such as how to administer a network for an ISP.", "title": "Linux Documentation Project" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xico is a city in the State of Mexico, Mexico. It serves as the municipal seat of Valle de Chalco municipality, with which it is, for all practical purposes, coterminous. The municipality lies adjacent to the east side of the Federal District (Distrito Federal) and is part of the Mexico City metropolitan area. The city and municipality lie on the old lakebed of Lake Chalco, which was drained like much of the Basin of Mexico. The city name comes from the nearby Xico hill (Cerro de Xico) and the name of the municipality comes from the old lake plus a reference to the \"Programa Nacional de Solidaridad\" (National Program of Solidarity) which was initiated here. The municipality's glyph and shield make reference to both names. It is a distinct entity from the city and municipality of Chalco, which is nearby. \"Chalco\" in both names refers to the Chalca tribe that were one of the original inhabitants of the area.", "title": "Xico, State of Mexico" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The human microbiota is the aggregate of microorganisms that resides on or within any of a number of human tissues and biofluids, including the skin, mammary glands, placenta, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, biliary and gastrointestinal tracts. They include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists and viruses. Though micro-animals can also live on the human body, they are typically excluded from this definition. The human microbiome refers specifically to the collective genomes of resident microorganisms.", "title": "List of human microbiota" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mysterious Skin is a 2004 coming-of-age drama film directed by Gregg Araki, who also wrote the screenplay based on Scott Heim's 1995 novel of the same name. The film is Araki's eighth, premiering at the 61st Venice International Film Festival in 2004, although it was not more widely distributed until 2005.", "title": "Mysterious Skin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sextus Julius Africanus further refers to the writings of historian Thallus: \"This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his History, calls, as appears to me without reason, an eclipse of the sun. For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Saviour falls on the day before the passover; but an eclipse of the sun takes place only when the moon comes under the sun.\" Christian apologist Tertullian believed the event was documented in the Roman archives.", "title": "Crucifixion of Jesus" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Skin of my teeth (Hebrew: ע֣וֹר שִׁנָּֽי ‎ ‎ 'ō - wr šin - nāy) is a phrase from the Bible. In Job 19: 20, the King James Version of the Bible says, ``My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth. ''In the Geneva Bible, the phrase is rendered as`` I have escaped with the skinne of my tethe.''", "title": "Skin of my teeth" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Reggie (Herbie Jackson) is one of Parker's dojo buddies and also his best friend. He takes karate classes with Parker and Splat and is often seen at the Rooney house. He refers to Parker as ``Doctor P ''and is often up for Parker's schemes. He assists Parker in creating a skin cream for Karen in exchange for baloney in`` Gift - a-Rooney''. At the end of the episode, Karen tells Reggie Parker's middle name as Parker's punishment for creating a skin cream that grew long hair on her elbows and swelled up her feet.", "title": "List of Liv and Maddie characters" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indigenous Australians have been referred to as \"black people\" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation.", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tooth development or odontogenesis is the complex process by which tooth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt into the mouth. For human teeth to have a healthy oral environment, all parts of the tooth must develop during appropriate stages of fetal development. Primary (baby) teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth week of prenatal development, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth week. If teeth do not start to develop at or near these times, they will not develop at all, resulting in Hypodontia or Anodontia.", "title": "Human tooth development" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Countdown to Extinction is the fifth studio album by American thrash metal band Megadeth, released on July 14, 1992, through Capitol Records. It was the group's second studio release to feature the \"classic\" lineup of Dave Mustaine, Marty Friedman, David Ellefson and Nick Menza, with all of them contributing to songwriting on the album. The album features some of the band's best known songs such as \"Symphony of Destruction\", \"Sweating Bullets\", and \"Skin o' My Teeth\", which enjoyed significant chart success and made a great musical impact.", "title": "Countdown to Extinction" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's \"wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence\" \"in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God; and in very many other biblical types of this kind.\"", "title": "Immaculate Conception" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Big Medicine was an American reality television show that examined the effects of bariatric surgery, both physical and emotional, on obese patients. It also chronicled the ordeals of the patients leading up to surgery. It aired on TLC from May 28, 2007, until November 18, 2009. \"Big Medicine\" was taped at the Weight Management Center of The Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas. Operating on the patients are the father and son surgical team of Dr. Robert Davis and Dr. Garth Davis. Before the final determination to operate is reached, patients are examined psychologically by Psychotherapist Mary Jo Rapini. Often, patients with excess skin after their weight-loss is achieved will be referred to Dr. John LoMonaco, a plastic surgeon.", "title": "Big Medicine" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tonsure (/ ˈtɒnʃər /) is the practice of cutting or shaving some or all of the hair on the scalp, as a sign of religious devotion or humility. The term originates from the Latin word tōnsūra (meaning ``clipping ''or`` shearing'') and referred to a specific practice in medieval Catholicism, abandoned by papal order in 1972. Tonsure can also refer to the secular practice of shaving all or part of the scalp to show support or sympathy, or to designate mourning. Current usage more generally refers to cutting or shaving for monks, devotees, or mystics of any religion as a symbol of their renunciation of worldly fashion and esteem.", "title": "Tonsure" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term \"classical music\" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning.", "title": "Classical music" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The demand for women's suffrage emerged as part of the broader movement for women's rights. In England in 1792 Mary Wollstonecraft wrote a pioneering book called A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. In Boston in 1838 Sarah Grimké published The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women, which was widely circulated. In 1845 Margaret Fuller published Woman in the Nineteenth Century, a key document in American feminism that first appeared in serial form in 1839 in The Dial, a transcendentalist journal that Fuller edited.", "title": "Women's suffrage in the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each sensory system begins with specialized receptor cells, such as light-receptive neurons in the retina of the eye, vibration-sensitive neurons in the cochlea of the ear, or pressure-sensitive neurons in the skin. The axons of sensory receptor cells travel into the spinal cord or brain, where they transmit their signals to a first-order sensory nucleus dedicated to one specific sensory modality. This primary sensory nucleus sends information to higher-order sensory areas that are dedicated to the same modality. Eventually, via a way-station in the thalamus, the signals are sent to the cerebral cortex, where they are processed to extract biologically relevant features, and integrated with signals coming from other sensory systems.", "title": "Brain" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means \"little black people\" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish diminutive of negro, i.e., \"little black person\"); it is what the Spaniards called the short-statured, hunter-gatherer autochthones that they encountered in the Philippines. Despite this, Negritos are never referred to as black today, and doing so would cause offense. The term Negrito itself has come under criticism in countries like Malaysia, where it is now interchangeable with the more acceptable Semang, although this term actually refers to a specific group. The common Thai word for Negritos literally means \"frizzy hair\".", "title": "Black people" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Buddhism, Karma (from Sanskrit: \"action, work\") is the force that drives saṃsāra—the cycle of suffering and rebirth for each being. Good, skillful deeds (Pali: \"kusala\") and bad, unskillful (Pāli: \"akusala\") actions produce \"seeds\" in the mind that come to fruition either in this life or in a subsequent rebirth. The avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions is called sīla. Karma specifically refers to those actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent (cetanā), and bring about a consequence or phala \"fruit\" or vipāka \"result\".", "title": "Buddhism" } ]	What specific part of the book where the quote "by the skin of your teeth" comes from document reference for Mary?	Genesis 3:15	[]	Title: List of human microbiota Passage: The human microbiota is the aggregate of microorganisms that resides on or within any of a number of human tissues and biofluids, including the skin, mammary glands, placenta, seminal fluid, uterus, ovarian follicles, lung, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, biliary and gastrointestinal tracts. They include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists and viruses. Though micro-animals can also live on the human body, they are typically excluded from this definition. The human microbiome refers specifically to the collective genomes of resident microorganisms. Title: Linux Documentation Project Passage: The LDP publishes many HowTo documents, which instruct a user on the specific steps to take to achieve a desired goal. These goals are sometimes very specific, such as configuring a particular modem, and sometimes very broad, such as how to administer a network for an ISP. Title: Women's suffrage in the United States Passage: The demand for women's suffrage emerged as part of the broader movement for women's rights. In England in 1792 Mary Wollstonecraft wrote a pioneering book called A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. In Boston in 1838 Sarah Grimké published The Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women, which was widely circulated. In 1845 Margaret Fuller published Woman in the Nineteenth Century, a key document in American feminism that first appeared in serial form in 1839 in The Dial, a transcendentalist journal that Fuller edited. Title: Mammillaria mammillaris Passage: Mammillaria mammilllaris, common name Woolly Nipple Cactus, is a species of plant in the family Cactaceae. It is the type species of the genus "Mammillaria". It has been described by Carolus Linnaeus as "Cactus mammillaris" in 1753. The specific epithet "mammillaris" comes from the Latin "mammilla", meaning "nipple", with reference to the characteristic tubercles. Title: Xico, State of Mexico Passage: Xico is a city in the State of Mexico, Mexico. It serves as the municipal seat of Valle de Chalco municipality, with which it is, for all practical purposes, coterminous. The municipality lies adjacent to the east side of the Federal District (Distrito Federal) and is part of the Mexico City metropolitan area. The city and municipality lie on the old lakebed of Lake Chalco, which was drained like much of the Basin of Mexico. The city name comes from the nearby Xico hill (Cerro de Xico) and the name of the municipality comes from the old lake plus a reference to the "Programa Nacional de Solidaridad" (National Program of Solidarity) which was initiated here. The municipality's glyph and shield make reference to both names. It is a distinct entity from the city and municipality of Chalco, which is nearby. "Chalco" in both names refers to the Chalca tribe that were one of the original inhabitants of the area. Title: Buddhism Passage: In Buddhism, Karma (from Sanskrit: "action, work") is the force that drives saṃsāra—the cycle of suffering and rebirth for each being. Good, skillful deeds (Pali: "kusala") and bad, unskillful (Pāli: "akusala") actions produce "seeds" in the mind that come to fruition either in this life or in a subsequent rebirth. The avoidance of unwholesome actions and the cultivation of positive actions is called sīla. Karma specifically refers to those actions of body, speech or mind that spring from mental intent (cetanā), and bring about a consequence or phala "fruit" or vipāka "result". Title: United States Bill of Rights Passage: The Bill of Rights in the United States is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution. Proposed following the often bitter 1787 -- 88 debate over ratification of the U.S. Constitution, and written to address the objections raised by Anti-Federalists, the Bill of Rights amendments add to the Constitution specific guarantees of personal freedoms and rights, clear limitations on the government's power in judicial and other proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states or the people. The concepts codified in these amendments are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill of Rights, along with earlier documents such as Magna Carta (1215). In practice, the amendments had little impact on judgments by the courts for the first 150 years after ratification. Title: Skin of my teeth Passage: Skin of my teeth (Hebrew: ע֣וֹר שִׁנָּֽי ‎ ‎ 'ō - wr šin - nāy) is a phrase from the Bible. In Job 19: 20, the King James Version of the Bible says, ``My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth. ''In the Geneva Bible, the phrase is rendered as`` I have escaped with the skinne of my tethe.'' Title: Brain Passage: Each sensory system begins with specialized receptor cells, such as light-receptive neurons in the retina of the eye, vibration-sensitive neurons in the cochlea of the ear, or pressure-sensitive neurons in the skin. The axons of sensory receptor cells travel into the spinal cord or brain, where they transmit their signals to a first-order sensory nucleus dedicated to one specific sensory modality. This primary sensory nucleus sends information to higher-order sensory areas that are dedicated to the same modality. Eventually, via a way-station in the thalamus, the signals are sent to the cerebral cortex, where they are processed to extract biologically relevant features, and integrated with signals coming from other sensory systems. Title: Tonsure Passage: Tonsure (/ ˈtɒnʃər /) is the practice of cutting or shaving some or all of the hair on the scalp, as a sign of religious devotion or humility. The term originates from the Latin word tōnsūra (meaning ``clipping ''or`` shearing'') and referred to a specific practice in medieval Catholicism, abandoned by papal order in 1972. Tonsure can also refer to the secular practice of shaving all or part of the scalp to show support or sympathy, or to designate mourning. Current usage more generally refers to cutting or shaving for monks, devotees, or mystics of any religion as a symbol of their renunciation of worldly fashion and esteem. Title: Black people Passage: The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means "little black people" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish diminutive of negro, i.e., "little black person"); it is what the Spaniards called the short-statured, hunter-gatherer autochthones that they encountered in the Philippines. Despite this, Negritos are never referred to as black today, and doing so would cause offense. The term Negrito itself has come under criticism in countries like Malaysia, where it is now interchangeable with the more acceptable Semang, although this term actually refers to a specific group. The common Thai word for Negritos literally means "frizzy hair". Title: Mysterious Skin Passage: Mysterious Skin is a 2004 coming-of-age drama film directed by Gregg Araki, who also wrote the screenplay based on Scott Heim's 1995 novel of the same name. The film is Araki's eighth, premiering at the 61st Venice International Film Festival in 2004, although it was not more widely distributed until 2005. Title: Big Medicine Passage: Big Medicine was an American reality television show that examined the effects of bariatric surgery, both physical and emotional, on obese patients. It also chronicled the ordeals of the patients leading up to surgery. It aired on TLC from May 28, 2007, until November 18, 2009. "Big Medicine" was taped at the Weight Management Center of The Methodist Hospital in Houston, Texas. Operating on the patients are the father and son surgical team of Dr. Robert Davis and Dr. Garth Davis. Before the final determination to operate is reached, patients are examined psychologically by Psychotherapist Mary Jo Rapini. Often, patients with excess skin after their weight-loss is achieved will be referred to Dr. John LoMonaco, a plastic surgeon. Title: Crucifixion of Jesus Passage: Sextus Julius Africanus further refers to the writings of historian Thallus: "This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his History, calls, as appears to me without reason, an eclipse of the sun. For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Saviour falls on the day before the passover; but an eclipse of the sun takes place only when the moon comes under the sun." Christian apologist Tertullian believed the event was documented in the Roman archives. Title: Immaculate Conception Passage: The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of divine gifts and original innocence" "in that ark of Noah, which was built by divine command and escaped entirely safe and sound from the common shipwreck of the whole world; in the ladder which Jacob saw reaching from the earth to heaven, by whose rungs the angels of God ascended and descended, and on whose top the Lord himself leaned; in that bush which Moses saw in the holy place burning on all sides, which was not consumed or injured in any way but grew green and blossomed beautifully; in that impregnable tower before the enemy, from which hung a thousand bucklers and all the armor of the strong; in that garden enclosed on all sides, which cannot be violated or corrupted by any deceitful plots; in that resplendent city of God, which has its foundations on the holy mountains; in that most august temple of God, which, radiant with divine splendours, is full of the glory of God; and in very many other biblical types of this kind." Title: Classical music Passage: The term "classical music" has two meanings: the broader meaning includes all Western art music from the Medieval era to today, and the specific meaning refers to the music from the 1750s to the early 1830s—the era of Mozart and Haydn. This section is about the more specific meaning. Title: Black people Passage: Indigenous Australians have been referred to as "black people" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigmentation. Title: List of Liv and Maddie characters Passage: Reggie (Herbie Jackson) is one of Parker's dojo buddies and also his best friend. He takes karate classes with Parker and Splat and is often seen at the Rooney house. He refers to Parker as ``Doctor P ''and is often up for Parker's schemes. He assists Parker in creating a skin cream for Karen in exchange for baloney in`` Gift - a-Rooney''. At the end of the episode, Karen tells Reggie Parker's middle name as Parker's punishment for creating a skin cream that grew long hair on her elbows and swelled up her feet. Title: Countdown to Extinction Passage: Countdown to Extinction is the fifth studio album by American thrash metal band Megadeth, released on July 14, 1992, through Capitol Records. It was the group's second studio release to feature the "classic" lineup of Dave Mustaine, Marty Friedman, David Ellefson and Nick Menza, with all of them contributing to songwriting on the album. The album features some of the band's best known songs such as "Symphony of Destruction", "Sweating Bullets", and "Skin o' My Teeth", which enjoyed significant chart success and made a great musical impact. Title: Human tooth development Passage: Tooth development or odontogenesis is the complex process by which tooth form from embryonic cells, grow, and erupt into the mouth. For human teeth to have a healthy oral environment, all parts of the tooth must develop during appropriate stages of fetal development. Primary (baby) teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth week of prenatal development, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth week. If teeth do not start to develop at or near these times, they will not develop at all, resulting in Hypodontia or Anodontia.	[ "Skin of my teeth", "Immaculate Conception" ]
2hop__95673_121319	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "4 Clowns is a 1970 documentary compilation film written and directed by Robert Youngson that studies the golden age of comedy through a compilation of rare silent film footage of the works of Stan Laurel, Oliver Hardy, Charley Chase and Buster Keaton. It was the last feature film project of producer, director, and writer Robert Youngson.", "title": "4 Clowns" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Needing You... is a 2000 Hong Kong romantic comedy film, produced and directed by Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai, starring Andy Lau and Sammi Cheng.", "title": "Needing You..." }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Upside of Anger is a 2005 American romantic comedy and drama film written and directed by Mike Binder and starring Joan Allen, Kevin Costner and Evan Rachel Wood. It is set in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. The film was produced by Jack Binder, Alex Gartner and Sammy Lee.", "title": "The Upside of Anger" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong (2009) is the 5th film in the American Girl series, starring Sammi Hanratty in the title role. It is based on the Chrissa books in the American Girl series written by Mary Casanova.", "title": "An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Where Are You Going\" is the first single from Dave Matthews Band's album \"Busted Stuff\". The single reached #39 on the Billboard Hot 100, #20 on the Modern Rock Tracks, and topped the Triple A chart. The song was featured in the 2002 Adam Sandler motion picture, \"Mr. Deeds\". It is also featured in the trailer for the 2008 film \"Flash of Genius\". \"Where Are You Going\" is one of two songs from \"Busted Stuff\" that did not originally appear on \"The Lillywhite Sessions\".", "title": "Where Are You Going" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Marianne and Juliane\" also marked the first time that von Trotta worked with Barbara Sukowa. They would go on to work on six more films together.", "title": "Marianne and Juliane" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kalpana Lajmi was the daughter of painter Lalita Lajmi and niece of filmmaker Guru Dutt, debuted as an assistant director under the veteran film director Shyam Benegal who was also her relative of the Padukone family. She later went on to work as an assistant costume designer in Shyam Benegal's \"\". She made her directorial début with the documentary film \"D.G. Movie Pioneer\" in 1978 and went on to direct more documentaries like \"A Work Study in Tea Plucking\" (1979) and \"Along the Brahmaputra\" (1981). She debuted as a feature film director in 1986 with \"Ek Pal\" (A Moment), starring Shabana Azmi,", "title": "Kalpana Lajmi" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "High schools in South Korea teach students for three years, from first grade (age 15 -- 17) to third grade (age 17 -- 19), and students commonly graduate at age 18 or 19. High school students are commonly expected to study increasingly long hours each year moving toward graduation, to become competitive and be able to enter attractive universities, such as SKY (Seoul National, Korea, and Yonsei Universities) or SeoKaPo (Seoul National University, KAIST, POSTECH), which are top universities in Korea that almost all parents and teachers want students to enter. Many high school students wake and leave home in the morning at 5 am. When the school is over at 4 pm, they go to a studying room in the school or to a library to study instead of going home. This is called 'Yaja', which literally means' evening self - study '. They do n't need to go home to eat dinner since most schools provide paid dinner for students. After finishing yaja (usually ends at 10 pm, but later than 11 pm at some schools), they return home after studying, then return to specialty study schools (which are called Hagwon) often till 2 am, from Monday to Friday. In addition, they often study on weekends.", "title": "Education in South Korea" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tap is a 1989 dance drama film written and directed by Nick Castle and starring Gregory Hines and Sammy Davis Jr.", "title": "Tap (film)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sammy Going South (retitled A Boy Ten Feet Tall for its later US release) is a 1963 British adventure film directed by Alexander Mackendrick, photographed by Erwin Hillier and starring Edward G. Robinson, Fergus McClelland and Constance Cummings.", "title": "Sammy Going South" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After completing his high school in Windhoek, Tim Huebschle relocated to Cape Town and completed a Bachelor of Arts in English & German Literature at the University of Cape Town. During his studies, he participated in a few film theory seminars and subsequently chose to follow a career in the film industry. He started making independent short films in 2000, after leaving South Africa and moving to Berlin to pursue internships at production companies in the buzzing German capital and film hub. In 2003 he returned to his home country Namibia where he had secured a production budget for \"Savanna Stories\", a 13-part documentary series, aired on the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC). Upon completion of the series in 2005 Huebschle continued to work as director on a wide range of short films, documentaries, music videos and commercials. Throughout the years he collected numerous local and international accolades for his work. In 2013/14 he directed 26 episodes of a documentary series and 20 episodes of a children's series for the afternoon programming of the German TV station ARD. Since 2015 Huebschle is working on his debut feature film entitled #\"LANDoftheBRAVEfilm\".", "title": "Tim Huebschle" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alias the Champ is a 1949 American crime film directed by George Blair and written by Albert DeMond. The film stars Robert Rockwell, Barbra Fuller, Audrey Long, James Nolan, John Harmon, Sammy Menacker and Joseph Crehan. The film was released on October 15, 1949, by Republic Pictures.", "title": "Alias the Champ" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gay Dog is a 1954 British comedy film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Wilfred Pickles, Petula Clark and Megs Jenkins. It was filmed at Southall Studios, and features Petula Clark singing \"A Long Way to Go\", written by Joe Henderson and Leslie Clark (Petula's father).", "title": "The Gay Dog" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Motorpsycho or Motor Psycho is a 1965 film by Russ Meyer. Made just prior to Meyer's better-known \"Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!\" (1965), the film explores similar themes of sex and violence, but focuses on a male motorcycle gang, unlike the female gang of go-go dancers featured in \"Faster, Pussycat!\". \"Motorpsycho\" is also notable for containing one of the first portrayals of a disturbed Vietnam veteran character in film.", "title": "Motorpsycho (film)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sammy Baloji is a photographer from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He works in Lubumbashi and Brussels, and held exhibitions in Amsterdam, Paris, Brussels, Bilbao, Cape Town and Bamako.", "title": "Sammy Baloji" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Howard Eric Brookner was born April 30, 1954 in New York City and grew up in Great Neck, Long Island. He studied at Phillips Exeter, earned his B.A. from Columbia University in political science, and his M.A. in art history and film at New York University, where for his senior thesis he began what would go on to be the highly acclaimed feature documentary on William S. Burroughs. His film crew consisted of his NYU classmates Tom DiCillo (camera) and Jim Jarmusch (sound.)", "title": "Howard Brookner" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "California Newsreel, founded in 1968, is an American non-profit, social justice film distribution and production company based in San Francisco, California. Their educational media resources include both documentary and feature films, with a focus on the advancement of racial justice and diversity, and the study of African American life and history, as well as African culture and politics. In 2006, Newsreel launched a new thematic focus for their work: Globalization, with an emphasis on the global economy and the international division of labor. Several of California Newsreel's films have been broadcast on PBS.", "title": "California Newsreel" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After one of his brothers was attacked by an anti-semitic mob, the family decided to immigrate to the United States. Robinson arrived in New York City on February 21, 1904. \"At Ellis Island I was born again\", he wrote. \"Life for me began when I was 10 years old.\" He grew up on the Lower East Side, had his Bar Mitzvah at First Roumanian-American Congregation, and attended Townsend Harris High School and then the City College of New York, planning to become a criminal attorney. An interest in acting and performing in front of people led to him winning an American Academy of Dramatic Arts scholarship, after which he changed his name to \"Edward G. Robinson\" (the G. standing for his original surname).", "title": "Edward G. Robinson" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular is a 1962 studio album by Sammy Davis Jr. arranged by Morty Stevens. The first half of the album features Davis' impersonations of popular entertainers and celebrities.", "title": "The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Johnny Cool is a 1963 American neo noir crime film directed by William Asher based on the novel \"The Kingdom of Johnny Cool\" by John McPartland which stars Henry Silva and Elizabeth Montgomery. Produced in part by Peter Lawford, \"Johnny Cool\" features a cast that also includes Mort Sahl, Telly Savalas, Jim Backus, Joey Bishop, and Sammy Davis, Jr., who also sings the theme song.", "title": "Johnny Cool" } ]	Where did the person featured in the film Sammy Going South study or work?	American Academy of Dramatic Arts	[ "The City College of New York", "City College", "City College of New York" ]	Title: Sammy Baloji Passage: Sammy Baloji is a photographer from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He works in Lubumbashi and Brussels, and held exhibitions in Amsterdam, Paris, Brussels, Bilbao, Cape Town and Bamako. Title: Edward G. Robinson Passage: After one of his brothers was attacked by an anti-semitic mob, the family decided to immigrate to the United States. Robinson arrived in New York City on February 21, 1904. "At Ellis Island I was born again", he wrote. "Life for me began when I was 10 years old." He grew up on the Lower East Side, had his Bar Mitzvah at First Roumanian-American Congregation, and attended Townsend Harris High School and then the City College of New York, planning to become a criminal attorney. An interest in acting and performing in front of people led to him winning an American Academy of Dramatic Arts scholarship, after which he changed his name to "Edward G. Robinson" (the G. standing for his original surname). Title: Motorpsycho (film) Passage: Motorpsycho or Motor Psycho is a 1965 film by Russ Meyer. Made just prior to Meyer's better-known "Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!" (1965), the film explores similar themes of sex and violence, but focuses on a male motorcycle gang, unlike the female gang of go-go dancers featured in "Faster, Pussycat!". "Motorpsycho" is also notable for containing one of the first portrayals of a disturbed Vietnam veteran character in film. Title: Kalpana Lajmi Passage: Kalpana Lajmi was the daughter of painter Lalita Lajmi and niece of filmmaker Guru Dutt, debuted as an assistant director under the veteran film director Shyam Benegal who was also her relative of the Padukone family. She later went on to work as an assistant costume designer in Shyam Benegal's "". She made her directorial début with the documentary film "D.G. Movie Pioneer" in 1978 and went on to direct more documentaries like "A Work Study in Tea Plucking" (1979) and "Along the Brahmaputra" (1981). She debuted as a feature film director in 1986 with "Ek Pal" (A Moment), starring Shabana Azmi, Title: Sammy Going South Passage: Sammy Going South (retitled A Boy Ten Feet Tall for its later US release) is a 1963 British adventure film directed by Alexander Mackendrick, photographed by Erwin Hillier and starring Edward G. Robinson, Fergus McClelland and Constance Cummings. Title: Tim Huebschle Passage: After completing his high school in Windhoek, Tim Huebschle relocated to Cape Town and completed a Bachelor of Arts in English & German Literature at the University of Cape Town. During his studies, he participated in a few film theory seminars and subsequently chose to follow a career in the film industry. He started making independent short films in 2000, after leaving South Africa and moving to Berlin to pursue internships at production companies in the buzzing German capital and film hub. In 2003 he returned to his home country Namibia where he had secured a production budget for "Savanna Stories", a 13-part documentary series, aired on the Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC). Upon completion of the series in 2005 Huebschle continued to work as director on a wide range of short films, documentaries, music videos and commercials. Throughout the years he collected numerous local and international accolades for his work. In 2013/14 he directed 26 episodes of a documentary series and 20 episodes of a children's series for the afternoon programming of the German TV station ARD. Since 2015 Huebschle is working on his debut feature film entitled #"LANDoftheBRAVEfilm". Title: The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular Passage: The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular is a 1962 studio album by Sammy Davis Jr. arranged by Morty Stevens. The first half of the album features Davis' impersonations of popular entertainers and celebrities. Title: Education in South Korea Passage: High schools in South Korea teach students for three years, from first grade (age 15 -- 17) to third grade (age 17 -- 19), and students commonly graduate at age 18 or 19. High school students are commonly expected to study increasingly long hours each year moving toward graduation, to become competitive and be able to enter attractive universities, such as SKY (Seoul National, Korea, and Yonsei Universities) or SeoKaPo (Seoul National University, KAIST, POSTECH), which are top universities in Korea that almost all parents and teachers want students to enter. Many high school students wake and leave home in the morning at 5 am. When the school is over at 4 pm, they go to a studying room in the school or to a library to study instead of going home. This is called 'Yaja', which literally means' evening self - study '. They do n't need to go home to eat dinner since most schools provide paid dinner for students. After finishing yaja (usually ends at 10 pm, but later than 11 pm at some schools), they return home after studying, then return to specialty study schools (which are called Hagwon) often till 2 am, from Monday to Friday. In addition, they often study on weekends. Title: Where Are You Going Passage: "Where Are You Going" is the first single from Dave Matthews Band's album "Busted Stuff". The single reached #39 on the Billboard Hot 100, #20 on the Modern Rock Tracks, and topped the Triple A chart. The song was featured in the 2002 Adam Sandler motion picture, "Mr. Deeds". It is also featured in the trailer for the 2008 film "Flash of Genius". "Where Are You Going" is one of two songs from "Busted Stuff" that did not originally appear on "The Lillywhite Sessions". Title: 4 Clowns Passage: 4 Clowns is a 1970 documentary compilation film written and directed by Robert Youngson that studies the golden age of comedy through a compilation of rare silent film footage of the works of Stan Laurel, Oliver Hardy, Charley Chase and Buster Keaton. It was the last feature film project of producer, director, and writer Robert Youngson. Title: Johnny Cool Passage: Johnny Cool is a 1963 American neo noir crime film directed by William Asher based on the novel "The Kingdom of Johnny Cool" by John McPartland which stars Henry Silva and Elizabeth Montgomery. Produced in part by Peter Lawford, "Johnny Cool" features a cast that also includes Mort Sahl, Telly Savalas, Jim Backus, Joey Bishop, and Sammy Davis, Jr., who also sings the theme song. Title: Alias the Champ Passage: Alias the Champ is a 1949 American crime film directed by George Blair and written by Albert DeMond. The film stars Robert Rockwell, Barbra Fuller, Audrey Long, James Nolan, John Harmon, Sammy Menacker and Joseph Crehan. The film was released on October 15, 1949, by Republic Pictures. Title: Howard Brookner Passage: Howard Eric Brookner was born April 30, 1954 in New York City and grew up in Great Neck, Long Island. He studied at Phillips Exeter, earned his B.A. from Columbia University in political science, and his M.A. in art history and film at New York University, where for his senior thesis he began what would go on to be the highly acclaimed feature documentary on William S. Burroughs. His film crew consisted of his NYU classmates Tom DiCillo (camera) and Jim Jarmusch (sound.) Title: The Upside of Anger Passage: The Upside of Anger is a 2005 American romantic comedy and drama film written and directed by Mike Binder and starring Joan Allen, Kevin Costner and Evan Rachel Wood. It is set in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. The film was produced by Jack Binder, Alex Gartner and Sammy Lee. Title: An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong Passage: An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong (2009) is the 5th film in the American Girl series, starring Sammi Hanratty in the title role. It is based on the Chrissa books in the American Girl series written by Mary Casanova. Title: California Newsreel Passage: California Newsreel, founded in 1968, is an American non-profit, social justice film distribution and production company based in San Francisco, California. Their educational media resources include both documentary and feature films, with a focus on the advancement of racial justice and diversity, and the study of African American life and history, as well as African culture and politics. In 2006, Newsreel launched a new thematic focus for their work: Globalization, with an emphasis on the global economy and the international division of labor. Several of California Newsreel's films have been broadcast on PBS. Title: Tap (film) Passage: Tap is a 1989 dance drama film written and directed by Nick Castle and starring Gregory Hines and Sammy Davis Jr. Title: The Gay Dog Passage: The Gay Dog is a 1954 British comedy film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Wilfred Pickles, Petula Clark and Megs Jenkins. It was filmed at Southall Studios, and features Petula Clark singing "A Long Way to Go", written by Joe Henderson and Leslie Clark (Petula's father). Title: Marianne and Juliane Passage: "Marianne and Juliane" also marked the first time that von Trotta worked with Barbara Sukowa. They would go on to work on six more films together. Title: Needing You... Passage: Needing You... is a 2000 Hong Kong romantic comedy film, produced and directed by Johnnie To and Wai Ka-fai, starring Andy Lau and Sammi Cheng.	[ "Sammy Going South", "Edward G. Robinson" ]
2hop__709357_136043	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The moonwalk is a dance move in which the dancer moves backwards while seemingly walking forwards. A popping move, it became popular around the world after Michael Jackson performed the dance move during a performance of ``Billie Jean ''on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever on March 25, 1983. This special was broadcast May 16, 1983. It subsequently became his signature move.", "title": "Moonwalk (dance)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nevels Corners is an unincorporated community in the town of Dayton, Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. The community was named after George W. Nevel, who had moved from Pennsylvania in the 1850s and established a farm in the area.", "title": "Nevels Corners, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pontiac Bonneville Special is a purpose-built concept car unveiled at the General Motors Motorama in 1954, the first 2-seater sports car Pontiac had ever produced. Conceived by renowned designer Harley J. Earl and hand built by Homer C. LaGassey Jr. and Paul Gilland, the \"Special\" is a grand touring sport coupé that incorporated innovative styling like a Plexiglas canopy with gull-wing windows on a sleek fiberglass body. The name \"Bonneville\" was meant to convey high performance, inspired by a trip Earl had taken to Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah to observe speed trials there. It was the first GM vehicle to carry the name, subsequently given to the Division's full-size performance car, the Bonneville, which carried it for 47 years.", "title": "Pontiac Bonneville Special" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Saida Miller Khalifa is an author and convert to Islam. She was born Sonya Miller in Great Britain and converted in 1959. She met her husband, an Egyptian professor named Yusry Khalifa, a year later after having taken the name \"Saida\". They both went on the Hajj in 1970, three years after moving to Cairo. Saida then published a short narrative of the trip entitled \"The Fifth Pillar of Islam\".", "title": "Saida Miller Khalifa" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chen's father Chen Qiang named him Chen Peisi after Pest, when he performed \"The White-Haired Girl\" in Budapest, Hungary in 1951. The pronunciation of \"Budapest\" in Mandarin Chinese is \"\". Chen's father named his elder brother Chen Buda ().", "title": "Chen Peisi" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harrison Tare Okiri, better known by his stage name Harrysong, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter and instrumentalist who rose to fame after his tribute song to Nelson Mandela won the \"Most Downloaded Callertune Award\" at The Headies 2013. Harrysong was born in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria to Ijaw parents but moved to Lagos in 2007 after spending some of his early life in Port Harcourt. Prior to signing to QuestionMark Entertainment, Harrysong used to perform at night clubs until he met Kcee who introduced him to top music personalities. In 2014, Harrysong was nominated in the \"Best Pop/R&B Artist of the Year\" category at the 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards after the release of his chart-topping song \"Beta Pikin\".", "title": "Harrysong" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Luanda and named after war hero Hoji-ya-Henda, Fortuna emigrated to Portugal at the age of 20. He worked as a model and DJ in parallel to his study of law at the Catholic University of Portugal in Porto, and eventually took up acting. In 2008, he followed his partner and now wife, travel writer Anja Mutic, to live in New York.", "title": "Hoji Fortuna" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Move Ya Body\" is a song recorded by American duo Nina Sky. It was released in April 2004 as the lead single from their debut album, \"Nina Sky\". The song features rapper Jabba. There is a remix to the song with Jamaican deejay Vybz Kartel. The song became the duo's only solo single to reach the top 40 of the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, as such Nina Sky is often regarded as a one hit wonder, though they did appear on N.O.R.E.s \"Oye Mi Canto\", which made it to number 12 on the Hot 100. The song ranked at number 250 on \"Blender\"s 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born. It was also featured as soundtrack in the 2012 film \"Zero Dark Thirty\".", "title": "Move Ya Body" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She was born into a musical family in Chicago, Illinois, where she began her concert career at the age of seven. After completing her university and graduate studies in Chicago and Oberlin, Ohio, she moved to London to co-found the ensemble Trio Sonnerie (with Monica Huggett and Sarah Cunningham), with whom she performed and recorded extensively.", "title": "Mitzi Meyerson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Nina Sky is an American female duo composed of identical twins Nicole and Natalie Albino (were born on March 13, 1984 in Puerto Rico). Their debut single \"Move Ya Body\", released from their self-titled debut album in 2004, was a success, reaching number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Their second album Nicole & Natalie was released on July 31, 2012. Their third studio album \"Brightest Gold\" was announced for 2016 release through Tommy Boy Entertainment.", "title": "Nina Sky" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Broomball Australia is the national governing body for the ice sport of broomball in Australia. It was incorporated in October 2004 after a number of years unofficially operating under other varied names, such as the \"Australian Broomball Association\". Broomball Australia is a member of the International Federation of Broomball Associations (IFBA).", "title": "Broomball Australia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Body Pressure is a 1974 performance piece by American artist Bruce Nauman. The performer is instructed to press their body against a wall in various positions; Nauman says that it \"may become a very erotic exercise\".", "title": "Body Pressure" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, Maiysha went to Sarah Lawrence College where she studied vocal performance as well as creative writing and race and gender studies. After graduating, Maiysha moved to New York City to teach at a private school in Manhattan. She also was signed to Ford Models.", "title": "Maiysha" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the later Pleistocene epoch, between 240,000 and 220,000 years ago, steppe wisent (B. priscus) migrated from Siberia into Alaska across the Bering Land Bridge. Bison priscus inhabited northern North America throughout the remainder of the Pleistocene. In western North America, B. priscus evolved into long-horned bison, B. latifrons, which then evolved into B. antiquus. The larger B. latifrons appears to have died out by about 20,000 ya. After the extinction of B. latifrons, B. antiquus became increasingly abundant in parts of midcontinent North America from 18,000 ya until about 10,000 ya, after which the species appears to have given rise to the living species, B. bison. B. antiquus is the most commonly recovered large mammalian herbivore from the La Brea tar pits.B. antiquus was taller, had larger bones and horns, and was 15-25% larger overall than modern bison. It reached up to 2.27 m (7.5 ft) tall, 4.6 m (15 ft) long, and a weight of 1,588 kg (3500 lb). From tip to tip, the horns of B. antiquus measured about 3 ft (nearly 1 m).", "title": "Bison antiquus" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The series premiered on CBS on October 3, 1984, and aired initially on Wednesday nights at 8 PM paired with another new sitcom, \"Dreams\". Facing off against two hits in ABC's \"The Fall Guy\" and NBC's \"Highway to Heaven\", neither show performed well and \"Charles in Charge\" was moved to Saturday nights after the cancellation of \"Dreams\". CBS eventually decided to cancel the series after it made no improvement in the ratings after its move to Saturday, and \"Charles in Charge\" aired its final episode on April 3, 1985, in its original time slot.", "title": "Charles in Charge" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1973–74 WHA season was the second season of the World Hockey Association. Twelve teams each played 78 games. The Philadelphia Blazers relocated to Vancouver, becoming the Vancouver Blazers. They were moved to the Western Division and Chicago moved to the East. The New York Raiders were renamed the New York Golden Blades and then moved to Cherry Hill, New Jersey to become the Jersey Knights after just 24 games. The Ottawa Nationals moved to Toronto and became the Toronto Toros. The Alberta Oilers changed their name to the Edmonton Oilers.", "title": "1973–74 WHA season" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Shake Ya Ass ''Single by Mystikal from the album Let's Get Ready B - side`` Shake It Fast'' Released July 18, 2000 (2000 - 07 - 18) Format Vinyl, CD Recorded Master Sound Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia) Genre Hip hop Length 4: 20 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Michael Tyler, Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo Producer (s) The Neptunes Mystikal singles chronology ``Live or Die ''(1999)`` Shake Ya Ass'' (2000) ``Danger (Been So Long) ''(2000)`` Live or Die'' (1999) ``Shake Ya Ass ''(2000)`` Danger (Been So Long)'' (2000)", "title": "Shake Ya Ass" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Incredible Sound Machine is the fifth and final album by old school hip hop/electro funk group Mantronix, and the third Mantronix album released on Capitol Records. \"The Incredible Sound Machine\" featured new member, vocalist Jade Trini, who replaced D.J. D. Trini joined rapper Bryce \"Luvah\" Wilson (who made his debut on Mantronix's previous album, 1990's \"This Should Move Ya\"), and founding member, DJ Kurtis Mantronik.", "title": "The Incredible Sound Machine" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Intuition Peak (Vrah Intuitsiya \\'vr&h in-tu-'i-tsi-ya\\) is a sharp Antarctic peak of elevation 780 m in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is surmounting Iskar Glacier to the east and Devnya Valley to the west. The peak was named in appreciation of the role of scientific intuition for the advancement of human knowledge.", "title": "Intuition Peak" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The fault was identified in 1895 by Professor Andrew Lawson of UC Berkeley, who discovered the northern zone. It is often described as having been named after San Andreas Lake, a small body of water that was formed in a valley between the two plates. However, according to some of his reports from 1895 and 1908, Lawson actually named it after the surrounding San Andreas Valley. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Lawson concluded that the fault extended all the way into southern California.", "title": "San Andreas Fault" } ]	The Move Ya Body song's band is named after who?	Natalie Albino	[ "Nina Sky" ]	Title: Pontiac Bonneville Special Passage: The Pontiac Bonneville Special is a purpose-built concept car unveiled at the General Motors Motorama in 1954, the first 2-seater sports car Pontiac had ever produced. Conceived by renowned designer Harley J. Earl and hand built by Homer C. LaGassey Jr. and Paul Gilland, the "Special" is a grand touring sport coupé that incorporated innovative styling like a Plexiglas canopy with gull-wing windows on a sleek fiberglass body. The name "Bonneville" was meant to convey high performance, inspired by a trip Earl had taken to Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah to observe speed trials there. It was the first GM vehicle to carry the name, subsequently given to the Division's full-size performance car, the Bonneville, which carried it for 47 years. Title: Nina Sky Passage: Nina Sky is an American female duo composed of identical twins Nicole and Natalie Albino (were born on March 13, 1984 in Puerto Rico). Their debut single "Move Ya Body", released from their self-titled debut album in 2004, was a success, reaching number 4 on the "Billboard" Hot 100. Their second album Nicole & Natalie was released on July 31, 2012. Their third studio album "Brightest Gold" was announced for 2016 release through Tommy Boy Entertainment. Title: Maiysha Passage: Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, Maiysha went to Sarah Lawrence College where she studied vocal performance as well as creative writing and race and gender studies. After graduating, Maiysha moved to New York City to teach at a private school in Manhattan. She also was signed to Ford Models. Title: Chen Peisi Passage: Chen's father Chen Qiang named him Chen Peisi after Pest, when he performed "The White-Haired Girl" in Budapest, Hungary in 1951. The pronunciation of "Budapest" in Mandarin Chinese is "". Chen's father named his elder brother Chen Buda (). Title: San Andreas Fault Passage: The fault was identified in 1895 by Professor Andrew Lawson of UC Berkeley, who discovered the northern zone. It is often described as having been named after San Andreas Lake, a small body of water that was formed in a valley between the two plates. However, according to some of his reports from 1895 and 1908, Lawson actually named it after the surrounding San Andreas Valley. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Lawson concluded that the fault extended all the way into southern California. Title: Shake Ya Ass Passage: ``Shake Ya Ass ''Single by Mystikal from the album Let's Get Ready B - side`` Shake It Fast'' Released July 18, 2000 (2000 - 07 - 18) Format Vinyl, CD Recorded Master Sound Studios (Virginia Beach, Virginia) Genre Hip hop Length 4: 20 Label Jive Songwriter (s) Michael Tyler, Pharrell Williams, Chad Hugo Producer (s) The Neptunes Mystikal singles chronology ``Live or Die ''(1999)`` Shake Ya Ass'' (2000) ``Danger (Been So Long) ''(2000)`` Live or Die'' (1999) ``Shake Ya Ass ''(2000)`` Danger (Been So Long)'' (2000) Title: Nevels Corners, Wisconsin Passage: Nevels Corners is an unincorporated community in the town of Dayton, Richland County, Wisconsin, United States. The community was named after George W. Nevel, who had moved from Pennsylvania in the 1850s and established a farm in the area. Title: Intuition Peak Passage: Intuition Peak (Vrah Intuitsiya \'vr&h in-tu-'i-tsi-ya\) is a sharp Antarctic peak of elevation 780 m in Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It is surmounting Iskar Glacier to the east and Devnya Valley to the west. The peak was named in appreciation of the role of scientific intuition for the advancement of human knowledge. Title: Body Pressure Passage: Body Pressure is a 1974 performance piece by American artist Bruce Nauman. The performer is instructed to press their body against a wall in various positions; Nauman says that it "may become a very erotic exercise". Title: Harrysong Passage: Harrison Tare Okiri, better known by his stage name Harrysong, is a Nigerian singer, songwriter and instrumentalist who rose to fame after his tribute song to Nelson Mandela won the "Most Downloaded Callertune Award" at The Headies 2013. Harrysong was born in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria to Ijaw parents but moved to Lagos in 2007 after spending some of his early life in Port Harcourt. Prior to signing to QuestionMark Entertainment, Harrysong used to perform at night clubs until he met Kcee who introduced him to top music personalities. In 2014, Harrysong was nominated in the "Best Pop/R&B Artist of the Year" category at the 2014 Nigeria Entertainment Awards after the release of his chart-topping song "Beta Pikin". Title: Move Ya Body Passage: "Move Ya Body" is a song recorded by American duo Nina Sky. It was released in April 2004 as the lead single from their debut album, "Nina Sky". The song features rapper Jabba. There is a remix to the song with Jamaican deejay Vybz Kartel. The song became the duo's only solo single to reach the top 40 of the "Billboard" Hot 100, as such Nina Sky is often regarded as a one hit wonder, though they did appear on N.O.R.E.s "Oye Mi Canto", which made it to number 12 on the Hot 100. The song ranked at number 250 on "Blender"s 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born. It was also featured as soundtrack in the 2012 film "Zero Dark Thirty". Title: 1973–74 WHA season Passage: The 1973–74 WHA season was the second season of the World Hockey Association. Twelve teams each played 78 games. The Philadelphia Blazers relocated to Vancouver, becoming the Vancouver Blazers. They were moved to the Western Division and Chicago moved to the East. The New York Raiders were renamed the New York Golden Blades and then moved to Cherry Hill, New Jersey to become the Jersey Knights after just 24 games. The Ottawa Nationals moved to Toronto and became the Toronto Toros. The Alberta Oilers changed their name to the Edmonton Oilers. Title: The Incredible Sound Machine Passage: The Incredible Sound Machine is the fifth and final album by old school hip hop/electro funk group Mantronix, and the third Mantronix album released on Capitol Records. "The Incredible Sound Machine" featured new member, vocalist Jade Trini, who replaced D.J. D. Trini joined rapper Bryce "Luvah" Wilson (who made his debut on Mantronix's previous album, 1990's "This Should Move Ya"), and founding member, DJ Kurtis Mantronik. Title: Saida Miller Khalifa Passage: Saida Miller Khalifa is an author and convert to Islam. She was born Sonya Miller in Great Britain and converted in 1959. She met her husband, an Egyptian professor named Yusry Khalifa, a year later after having taken the name "Saida". They both went on the Hajj in 1970, three years after moving to Cairo. Saida then published a short narrative of the trip entitled "The Fifth Pillar of Islam". Title: Charles in Charge Passage: The series premiered on CBS on October 3, 1984, and aired initially on Wednesday nights at 8 PM paired with another new sitcom, "Dreams". Facing off against two hits in ABC's "The Fall Guy" and NBC's "Highway to Heaven", neither show performed well and "Charles in Charge" was moved to Saturday nights after the cancellation of "Dreams". CBS eventually decided to cancel the series after it made no improvement in the ratings after its move to Saturday, and "Charles in Charge" aired its final episode on April 3, 1985, in its original time slot. Title: Mitzi Meyerson Passage: She was born into a musical family in Chicago, Illinois, where she began her concert career at the age of seven. After completing her university and graduate studies in Chicago and Oberlin, Ohio, she moved to London to co-found the ensemble Trio Sonnerie (with Monica Huggett and Sarah Cunningham), with whom she performed and recorded extensively. Title: Broomball Australia Passage: Broomball Australia is the national governing body for the ice sport of broomball in Australia. It was incorporated in October 2004 after a number of years unofficially operating under other varied names, such as the "Australian Broomball Association". Broomball Australia is a member of the International Federation of Broomball Associations (IFBA). Title: Bison antiquus Passage: During the later Pleistocene epoch, between 240,000 and 220,000 years ago, steppe wisent (B. priscus) migrated from Siberia into Alaska across the Bering Land Bridge. Bison priscus inhabited northern North America throughout the remainder of the Pleistocene. In western North America, B. priscus evolved into long-horned bison, B. latifrons, which then evolved into B. antiquus. The larger B. latifrons appears to have died out by about 20,000 ya. After the extinction of B. latifrons, B. antiquus became increasingly abundant in parts of midcontinent North America from 18,000 ya until about 10,000 ya, after which the species appears to have given rise to the living species, B. bison. B. antiquus is the most commonly recovered large mammalian herbivore from the La Brea tar pits.B. antiquus was taller, had larger bones and horns, and was 15-25% larger overall than modern bison. It reached up to 2.27 m (7.5 ft) tall, 4.6 m (15 ft) long, and a weight of 1,588 kg (3500 lb). From tip to tip, the horns of B. antiquus measured about 3 ft (nearly 1 m). Title: Hoji Fortuna Passage: Born in Luanda and named after war hero Hoji-ya-Henda, Fortuna emigrated to Portugal at the age of 20. He worked as a model and DJ in parallel to his study of law at the Catholic University of Portugal in Porto, and eventually took up acting. In 2008, he followed his partner and now wife, travel writer Anja Mutic, to live in New York. Title: Moonwalk (dance) Passage: The moonwalk is a dance move in which the dancer moves backwards while seemingly walking forwards. A popping move, it became popular around the world after Michael Jackson performed the dance move during a performance of ``Billie Jean ''on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever on March 25, 1983. This special was broadcast May 16, 1983. It subsequently became his signature move.	[ "Move Ya Body", "Nina Sky" ]
2hop__189094_612080	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arlind Rustemi (born 7 February 1986 in Vlorë) is an Albanian footballer who plays as a forward. As of the 2010–11 season he played for KF Vlora in the Albanian First Division. In October 2011 he moved to Maltese side Rabat Ajax, and scored on his debut.", "title": "Arlind Rustemi" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Whitefield Park was a football ground in Cambuslang, Scotland. It was the home ground of Cambuslang F.C. between 1888 and 1897, including their two seasons in the Scottish Football League.", "title": "Whitefield Park" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Simons started playing football at FC Amstelland. He played for SC Telstar, Fortuna Sittard, NAC, Willem II (football club), Kyoto Purple Sanga (Japan), ADO Den Haag and TOP Oss. In his best time he was employed by Fortuna Sittard. In the 1998–99 season he had a big contribution with two goals in the 1–3 victory over Ajax in Amsterdam Arena. In that same year he scored four times in the 6–4 home win against PSV Eindhoven. After his professional career he defended several years the colors of FC Türkiyemspor, an Amsterdam amateur club playing in the top Sunday league. From summer 2008 he played for the AFC Ajax (amateurs) for two years.", "title": "Regillio Simons" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gervais Batota (born 10 March 1982 in Brazzaville) is a French-Congolese footballer. He currently plays for FCM Târgoviște. In January 2011 he signed a -year contract with FUS de Rabat .", "title": "Gervais Batota" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Llanberis F.C. () are a Welsh football club currently playing in the Welsh Alliance League Division 1. Their ground is located in the centre of the village. Their nickname is Y Darans.", "title": "Llanberis F.C." }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silvio Vella (born 8 February 1967 in Toronto) was a professional footballer who played for Rabat Ajax and Hibernians as a defender. He is currently the head coach of Rabat Ajax.", "title": "Silvio Vella" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Malcolm Licari (born 18 April 1978 in Pietà, Malta) is a retired professional footballer playing for Pietà Hotspurs, Marsaxlokk, Floriana, Balzan and Rabat Ajax in the Maltese Premier League, where he plays as a striker, and also occasionally as a defender. Malcolm Licari used to be captain of Marsaxlokk before his move to Floriana at the end of 2011.", "title": "Malcolm Licari" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bisley F.C. (1965–2010) was a football club based in Bisley in Surrey Heath, Surrey, England, who played from 2001 in part of the Hellenic Football League until the 2009–10 season, after which its players agreed to join the Farnborough F.C. Reserves and permitted Farnborough F.C. to therefore takeover its \"Lion Park\" grounds and position in the league, which has regular paid match attendance at its main ground and uses the site as its football academy and elite development centre.", "title": "Bisley F.C." }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Melbourne Football Club, nicknamed the Demons, is a professional Australian rules football club, playing in the Australian Football League (AFL). It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG).", "title": "Melbourne Football Club" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kynoch Park is a football ground in Keith in the north-east Scotland, which is the home ground of Highland Football League side Keith F.C.. It is located on Balloch Road in the east of the town and has a capacity of 4,000 with 370 seated.", "title": "Kynoch Park" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thabiso Nkoana (born 28 October 1992) is a South African footballer who plays for Ajax Cape Town as a striker.", "title": "Thabiso Nkoana" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dudley Road was a football ground in Wolverhampton in England. It was the home ground of Wolverhampton Wanderers between 1881 and 1889, and was used during the first season of the Football League.", "title": "Dudley Road" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2015 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football match contested between the Hawthorn Football Club and the West Coast Eagles at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 3 October 2015. It was the 119th annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 2015 AFL season. The match, attended by 98,632 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 46 points, marking the club's third consecutive premiership and thirteenth VFL/AFL premiership victory overall. Hawthorn's Cyril Rioli was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground.", "title": "2015 AFL Grand Final" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Rabat Ajax Football Ground is the training ground of Maltese football team Rabat Ajax F.C. and is located in the town of Mtarfa.", "title": "Rabat Ajax Football Ground" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bantu Mzwakali (born 9 November 199) is a South African football midfielder for Premier Soccer League club Ajax Cape Town and the South Africa U20.", "title": "Bantu Mzwakali" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abderrahim Achchakir (born December 15, 1986) is a Moroccan footballer who plays for FAR Rabat and the Morocco national team. He was a member of the Morocco national team at the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations in South Africa.", "title": "Abderrahim Achchakir" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Owerri, Nigeria, Kanu began his career at Nigerian league club Federation Works, before moving to Iwuanyanwu Nationale. After a notable performance at the U-17 World Championships he was signed by Dutch Eredivisie AFC Ajax in 1993 for €207,047. He made his Ajax debut the following year and went on to score 25 goals in 54 appearances. Kanu also came on as a sub in Ajax's 1995 Champions League final win over AC Milan.", "title": "Nwankwo Kanu" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sander Westerveld (born 23 October 1974) is a Dutch former professional football goalkeeper who is the goalkeeping coach of South African Premier Soccer League club Ajax Cape Town.", "title": "Sander Westerveld" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mosset Park is a football ground in the town of Forres in the north-east of Scotland, which is the home ground of Highland Football League side Forres Mechanics F.C.. It is located on Lea Road in the north of the town and has a capacity of 2,700, with 502 seated.", "title": "Mosset Park" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Railways Ground is a multi-use stadium in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It is primarily used for football and is currently the home ground for PMC Club Athletico Faisalabad of the Pakistan Premier League. The stadium holds 10,000 spectators. Some football matches attract around 10,000 people.", "title": "Railways Ground" } ]	What league does the team that occupies the Rabat Ajax Football Ground belong to?	Maltese Premier League	[]	Title: Dudley Road Passage: Dudley Road was a football ground in Wolverhampton in England. It was the home ground of Wolverhampton Wanderers between 1881 and 1889, and was used during the first season of the Football League. Title: Arlind Rustemi Passage: Arlind Rustemi (born 7 February 1986 in Vlorë) is an Albanian footballer who plays as a forward. As of the 2010–11 season he played for KF Vlora in the Albanian First Division. In October 2011 he moved to Maltese side Rabat Ajax, and scored on his debut. Title: Melbourne Football Club Passage: The Melbourne Football Club, nicknamed the Demons, is a professional Australian rules football club, playing in the Australian Football League (AFL). It is named after and based in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, and plays its home games at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). Title: Gervais Batota Passage: Gervais Batota (born 10 March 1982 in Brazzaville) is a French-Congolese footballer. He currently plays for FCM Târgoviște. In January 2011 he signed a -year contract with FUS de Rabat . Title: Abderrahim Achchakir Passage: Abderrahim Achchakir (born December 15, 1986) is a Moroccan footballer who plays for FAR Rabat and the Morocco national team. He was a member of the Morocco national team at the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations in South Africa. Title: Nwankwo Kanu Passage: Born in Owerri, Nigeria, Kanu began his career at Nigerian league club Federation Works, before moving to Iwuanyanwu Nationale. After a notable performance at the U-17 World Championships he was signed by Dutch Eredivisie AFC Ajax in 1993 for €207,047. He made his Ajax debut the following year and went on to score 25 goals in 54 appearances. Kanu also came on as a sub in Ajax's 1995 Champions League final win over AC Milan. Title: Malcolm Licari Passage: Malcolm Licari (born 18 April 1978 in Pietà, Malta) is a retired professional footballer playing for Pietà Hotspurs, Marsaxlokk, Floriana, Balzan and Rabat Ajax in the Maltese Premier League, where he plays as a striker, and also occasionally as a defender. Malcolm Licari used to be captain of Marsaxlokk before his move to Floriana at the end of 2011. Title: Bisley F.C. Passage: Bisley F.C. (1965–2010) was a football club based in Bisley in Surrey Heath, Surrey, England, who played from 2001 in part of the Hellenic Football League until the 2009–10 season, after which its players agreed to join the Farnborough F.C. Reserves and permitted Farnborough F.C. to therefore takeover its "Lion Park" grounds and position in the league, which has regular paid match attendance at its main ground and uses the site as its football academy and elite development centre. Title: Whitefield Park Passage: Whitefield Park was a football ground in Cambuslang, Scotland. It was the home ground of Cambuslang F.C. between 1888 and 1897, including their two seasons in the Scottish Football League. Title: Bantu Mzwakali Passage: Bantu Mzwakali (born 9 November 199) is a South African football midfielder for Premier Soccer League club Ajax Cape Town and the South Africa U20. Title: 2015 AFL Grand Final Passage: The 2015 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football match contested between the Hawthorn Football Club and the West Coast Eagles at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 3 October 2015. It was the 119th annual Grand Final of the Australian Football League (formerly the Victorian Football League), staged to determine the premiers for the 2015 AFL season. The match, attended by 98,632 spectators, was won by Hawthorn by a margin of 46 points, marking the club's third consecutive premiership and thirteenth VFL/AFL premiership victory overall. Hawthorn's Cyril Rioli was awarded the Norm Smith Medal as the best player on the ground. Title: Sander Westerveld Passage: Sander Westerveld (born 23 October 1974) is a Dutch former professional football goalkeeper who is the goalkeeping coach of South African Premier Soccer League club Ajax Cape Town. Title: Llanberis F.C. Passage: Llanberis F.C. () are a Welsh football club currently playing in the Welsh Alliance League Division 1. Their ground is located in the centre of the village. Their nickname is Y Darans. Title: Rabat Ajax Football Ground Passage: The Rabat Ajax Football Ground is the training ground of Maltese football team Rabat Ajax F.C. and is located in the town of Mtarfa. Title: Regillio Simons Passage: Simons started playing football at FC Amstelland. He played for SC Telstar, Fortuna Sittard, NAC, Willem II (football club), Kyoto Purple Sanga (Japan), ADO Den Haag and TOP Oss. In his best time he was employed by Fortuna Sittard. In the 1998–99 season he had a big contribution with two goals in the 1–3 victory over Ajax in Amsterdam Arena. In that same year he scored four times in the 6–4 home win against PSV Eindhoven. After his professional career he defended several years the colors of FC Türkiyemspor, an Amsterdam amateur club playing in the top Sunday league. From summer 2008 he played for the AFC Ajax (amateurs) for two years. Title: Thabiso Nkoana Passage: Thabiso Nkoana (born 28 October 1992) is a South African footballer who plays for Ajax Cape Town as a striker. Title: Kynoch Park Passage: Kynoch Park is a football ground in Keith in the north-east Scotland, which is the home ground of Highland Football League side Keith F.C.. It is located on Balloch Road in the east of the town and has a capacity of 4,000 with 370 seated. Title: Silvio Vella Passage: Silvio Vella (born 8 February 1967 in Toronto) was a professional footballer who played for Rabat Ajax and Hibernians as a defender. He is currently the head coach of Rabat Ajax. Title: Mosset Park Passage: Mosset Park is a football ground in the town of Forres in the north-east of Scotland, which is the home ground of Highland Football League side Forres Mechanics F.C.. It is located on Lea Road in the north of the town and has a capacity of 2,700, with 502 seated. Title: Railways Ground Passage: Railways Ground is a multi-use stadium in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It is primarily used for football and is currently the home ground for PMC Club Athletico Faisalabad of the Pakistan Premier League. The stadium holds 10,000 spectators. Some football matches attract around 10,000 people.	[ "Malcolm Licari", "Rabat Ajax Football Ground" ]
2hop__431934_30351	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (; 13 April 1940), usually identified as J. M. G. Le Clézio, is a French writer and professor. The author of over forty works, he was awarded the 1963 Prix Renaudot for his novel \"Le Procès-Verbal\" and the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature for his life's work, as an \"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization\".", "title": "J. M. G. Le Clézio" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his \"Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes\" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced \"forced savings\" on the capital sector and about the definition of a \"natural\" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced \"a remarkable crop of critics\" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate \"could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past.\"", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lieutenant Charles Esme Thornton Warren MBE (1912-1988) was a bestselling British author, a Second World War Royal Navy submariner, and one of the first Allied 'human torpedo charioteers', practising methods of clandestine attack upon enemy harbours and ships.", "title": "C. E. T. Warren" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, \"I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski.\" Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, \"...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology.\"", "title": "Karl Popper" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927–1931 (and the 1931–2007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and Böhm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner.", "title": "Form I-9" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean de La Hire (pseudonym of the Comte Adolphe d'Espie) was a prolific French author of numerous popular adventure, science fiction and romance novels.", "title": "Jean de La Hire" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kim Vicente is an inactive professor of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Toronto. He was previously a researcher, teacher, and author in the field of human factors. He is best known for his two books: \"\" and \"Cognitive Work Analysis\".", "title": "Kim Vicente" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek is widely recognised for having introduced the time dimension to the equilibrium construction and for his key role in helping inspire the fields of growth theory, information economics, and the theory of spontaneous order. The \"informal\" economics presented in Milton Friedman's massively influential popular work Free to Choose (1980), is explicitly Hayekian in its account of the price system as a system for transmitting and co-ordinating knowledge. This can be explained by the fact that Friedman taught Hayek's famous paper \"The Use of Knowledge in Society\" (1945) in his graduate seminars.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Human Action: A Treatise on Economics is a work by the Austrian economist and philosopher Ludwig von Mises. Widely considered Mises' \"magnum opus\", it presents the case for laissez-faire capitalism based on praxeology, or rational investigation of human decision-making. It rejects positivism within economics. It defends an \"a priori\" epistemology and underpins praxeology with a foundation of methodological individualism and speculative laws of apodictic certainty. Mises argues that the free-market economy not only outdistances any government-planned system, but ultimately serves as the foundation of civilization itself.", "title": "Human Action" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Love And Action In Chicago is a 1999 American action romantic comedy starring Courtney B. Vance, Regina King and Kathleen Turner. The film, written and directed by Dwayne Johnson-Cochran, in his directorial debut, focuses on a celibate hired assassin finding love with a quirky accountant in the Windy City.", "title": "Love and Action in Chicago" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "International influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of children for proper progression and growth in their younger years. These international acts encouraged major changes to the workforce in India which occurred in 1986 when the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was put into place. This act prohibited hiring children younger than the age of 14, and from working in hazardous conditions.", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated \"some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy.\" As referenced in the section on \"The economic calculation problem,\" Hayek wrote that \"there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance.\" Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes \"[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state.\" Bernard Harcourt says that \"Hayek was adamant about this.\" In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote:", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek’s concept of the market as a spontaneous order has been recently applied to ecosystems to defend a broadly non-interventionist policy. Like the market, ecosystems contain complex networks of information, involve an ongoing dynamic process, contain orders within orders, and the entire system operates without being directed by a conscious mind. On this analysis, species takes the place of price as a visible element of the system formed by a complex set of largely unknowable elements. Human ignorance about the countless interactions between the organisms of an ecosystem limits our ability to manipulate nature. Since humans rely on the ecosystem to sustain themselves, we have a prima facie obligation to not disrupt such systems. This analysis of ecosystems as spontaneous orders does not rely on markets qualifying as spontaneous orders. As such, one need not endorse Hayek’s analysis of markets to endorse ecosystems as spontaneous orders.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Once Upon a Time in Mexico (also known as Desperado 2) is a 2003 American contemporary western action film written, directed, produced, photographed, scored, and edited by Robert Rodriguez. It is the third and final film in Rodriguez's \"Mexico Trilogy\", and it is a sequel to 1993's \"El Mariachi\" and 1995's \"Desperado\". The film features Antonio Banderas in his second and final performance as El Mariachi. In the film, El Mariachi is recruited by CIA agent Sheldon Sands (Johnny Depp) to kill Armando Barillo (Willem Dafoe), a Mexican drug lord who is planning a coup d'état against the President of Mexico. At the same time, El Mariachi seeks revenge against a corrupt general responsible for the death of his wife, Carolina (Salma Hayek).", "title": "Once Upon a Time in Mexico" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bullet for Hire is a 1991 Hong Kong action film written and directed by Yuen Chun-man and starring Jacky Cheung, Simon Yam, Dick Wei, Lo Lieh and Sheila Chan.", "title": "Bullet for Hire" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Project Overkill is a shoot 'em up game for the PlayStation, developed and published by Konami in 1996. The plot of the game revolves around a group of four mercenaries hired to eliminate a group of humans called the Viscerians.", "title": "Project Overkill" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" } ]	Who did Hayek work for after being hired by the author of Human Action?	the Austrian government	[ "Austria", "AT", "at", "AUT" ]	Title: Child labour Passage: International influences help to encourage legal actions to be taken in India, such as the Geneva Declaration of the Right of Children Act was passed in 1924. This act was followed by The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 to which incorporated the basic human rights and needs of children for proper progression and growth in their younger years. These international acts encouraged major changes to the workforce in India which occurred in 1986 when the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was put into place. This act prohibited hiring children younger than the age of 14, and from working in hazardous conditions. Title: Jean de La Hire Passage: Jean de La Hire (pseudonym of the Comte Adolphe d'Espie) was a prolific French author of numerous popular adventure, science fiction and romance novels. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the "sense data" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that "there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927–1931 (and the 1931–2007) historical scene". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and Böhm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy. Title: Karl Popper Passage: While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, "I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski." Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, "...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology." Title: C. E. T. Warren Passage: Lieutenant Charles Esme Thornton Warren MBE (1912-1988) was a bestselling British author, a Second World War Royal Navy submariner, and one of the first Allied 'human torpedo charioteers', practising methods of clandestine attack upon enemy harbours and ships. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: Hayek is widely recognised for having introduced the time dimension to the equilibrium construction and for his key role in helping inspire the fields of growth theory, information economics, and the theory of spontaneous order. The "informal" economics presented in Milton Friedman's massively influential popular work Free to Choose (1980), is explicitly Hayekian in its account of the price system as a system for transmitting and co-ordinating knowledge. This can be explained by the fact that Friedman taught Hayek's famous paper "The Use of Knowledge in Society" (1945) in his graduate seminars. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve. Title: Bullet for Hire Passage: Bullet for Hire is a 1991 Hong Kong action film written and directed by Yuen Chun-man and starring Jacky Cheung, Simon Yam, Dick Wei, Lo Lieh and Sheila Chan. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated "some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy." As referenced in the section on "The economic calculation problem," Hayek wrote that "there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance." Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes "[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state." Bernard Harcourt says that "Hayek was adamant about this." In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote: Title: Project Overkill Passage: Project Overkill is a shoot 'em up game for the PlayStation, developed and published by Konami in 1996. The plot of the game revolves around a group of four mercenaries hired to eliminate a group of humans called the Viscerians. Title: Love and Action in Chicago Passage: Love And Action In Chicago is a 1999 American action romantic comedy starring Courtney B. Vance, Regina King and Kathleen Turner. The film, written and directed by Dwayne Johnson-Cochran, in his directorial debut, focuses on a celibate hired assassin finding love with a quirky accountant in the Windy City. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his "Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced "forced savings" on the capital sector and about the definition of a "natural" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced "a remarkable crop of critics" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate "could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past." Title: Once Upon a Time in Mexico Passage: Once Upon a Time in Mexico (also known as Desperado 2) is a 2003 American contemporary western action film written, directed, produced, photographed, scored, and edited by Robert Rodriguez. It is the third and final film in Rodriguez's "Mexico Trilogy", and it is a sequel to 1993's "El Mariachi" and 1995's "Desperado". The film features Antonio Banderas in his second and final performance as El Mariachi. In the film, El Mariachi is recruited by CIA agent Sheldon Sands (Johnny Depp) to kill Armando Barillo (Willem Dafoe), a Mexican drug lord who is planning a coup d'état against the President of Mexico. At the same time, El Mariachi seeks revenge against a corrupt general responsible for the death of his wife, Carolina (Salma Hayek). Title: J. M. G. Le Clézio Passage: Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (; 13 April 1940), usually identified as J. M. G. Le Clézio, is a French writer and professor. The author of over forty works, he was awarded the 1963 Prix Renaudot for his novel "Le Procès-Verbal" and the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature for his life's work, as an "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization". Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein. Title: Form I-9 Passage: Every employee hired after November 6, 1986 must complete an I - 9 form at the time of hire. Employees must complete Section 1 of the form upon commencing employment. The employer must complete Section 2 within three days of the employee's starting date at work. The employer is responsible for ensuring that the forms are completed properly and in a timely manner. Title: Friedrich Hayek Passage: Hayek’s concept of the market as a spontaneous order has been recently applied to ecosystems to defend a broadly non-interventionist policy. Like the market, ecosystems contain complex networks of information, involve an ongoing dynamic process, contain orders within orders, and the entire system operates without being directed by a conscious mind. On this analysis, species takes the place of price as a visible element of the system formed by a complex set of largely unknowable elements. Human ignorance about the countless interactions between the organisms of an ecosystem limits our ability to manipulate nature. Since humans rely on the ecosystem to sustain themselves, we have a prima facie obligation to not disrupt such systems. This analysis of ecosystems as spontaneous orders does not rely on markets qualifying as spontaneous orders. As such, one need not endorse Hayek’s analysis of markets to endorse ecosystems as spontaneous orders. Title: Human Action Passage: Human Action: A Treatise on Economics is a work by the Austrian economist and philosopher Ludwig von Mises. Widely considered Mises' "magnum opus", it presents the case for laissez-faire capitalism based on praxeology, or rational investigation of human decision-making. It rejects positivism within economics. It defends an "a priori" epistemology and underpins praxeology with a foundation of methodological individualism and speculative laws of apodictic certainty. Mises argues that the free-market economy not only outdistances any government-planned system, but ultimately serves as the foundation of civilization itself. Title: Kim Vicente Passage: Kim Vicente is an inactive professor of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at the University of Toronto. He was previously a researcher, teacher, and author in the field of human factors. He is best known for his two books: "" and "Cognitive Work Analysis".	[ "Human Action", "Friedrich Hayek" ]
2hop__608902_653666	[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Judi Dench as Queen Victoria Ali Fazal as Abdul Karim Eddie Izzard as Bertie, Prince of Wales Adeel Akhtar as Mohammed Tim Pigott - Smith as Sir Henry Ponsonby Olivia Williams as Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill Fenella Woolgar as Miss Phipps Paul Higgins as Sir James Reid, Physician to the Queen Robin Soans as Arthur Bigge Julian Wadham as Alick Yorke Simon Callow as Mr. Puccini Michael Gambon as Lord Salisbury", "title": "Victoria & Abdul" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This article describes the history and operation of the railway routes west of Salisbury built by the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) and allied companies, which ultimately became part of the Southern Railway in the United Kingdom. Salisbury forms a natural boundary between the Southern Railway core routes in the counties surrounding London, and the long route connecting with the Devon and Cornwall lines.", "title": "Southern Railway routes west of Salisbury" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Polemon II's father died in 8 BC. His mother then married King Archelaus of Cappadocia, and the family had moved to Cappadocia, where Polemon II was raised, along with his siblings, at the court of his stepfather. Archelaus died in 17, whereupon Polemon II and his mother moved back to Pontus. From 17 until 38, Polemon II lived as a private citizen in Pontus and assisted his mother in the administration of their realm. When his mother died in 38, Polemon II succeeded his mother as the sole ruler of Pontus, Colchis and Cilicia.", "title": "Polemon II of Pontus" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katharine Sergava (July 30, 1910 in Tbilisi, Georgia – November 26, 2005. Married name: Katharine Sergava Sznycer) was an actress and dancer.", "title": "Katharine Sergava" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Minnie Cumnock Blodgett (1862–1931) graduated from Vassar College in 1884, later becoming a trustee (1917–1931). She is the mother of Katharine Blodgett Hadley (VC '20), who was also a Vassar trustee (1942–1954), and was chairman of the Board (1945–1952).", "title": "Minnie Cumnock Blodgett" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Catharina Wallenstedt was the daughter of Bishop Laurentius Olai Wallius and Catharina Tidemansdotter, and was alongside her siblings ennobled in 1650. She was maid of honour to Queen Christina of Sweden in 1649–1655. In 1655 she married Edvard Ehrenstéen (died 1686). She was the mother-in-law to Nils Gyldenstolpe and Arvid Horn.", "title": "Catharina Wallenstedt" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smith was born on September 25, 1968 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Caroline (Bright), a Philadelphia school board administrator, and Willard Carroll Smith Sr., a U.S. Air Force veteran and refrigeration engineer. He grew up in West Philadelphia's Wynnefield neighborhood, and was raised Baptist. He has an elder sister named Pamela and two younger siblings, twins Harry and Ellen. Smith attended Our Lady of Lourdes, a private Catholic elementary school in Philadelphia. His parents separated when he was 13, but did not actually divorce until around 2000.Smith attended Overbrook High School. While it has been widely reported that Smith turned down a scholarship to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he never applied to college because he \"wanted to rap.\" Smith says he was admitted to a \"pre-engineering [summer] program\" at MIT for high school students, but he did not attend. According to Smith, \"My mother, who worked for the School Board of Philadelphia, had a friend who was the admissions officer at MIT. I had pretty high SAT scores and they needed black kids, so I probably could have gotten in. But I had no intention of going to college.\"", "title": "Will Smith" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Katharine Smith Salisbury (July 8, 1813 – February 1, 1900) was a sister to Joseph Smith and an early convert in the Latter Day Saint movement.", "title": "Katharine Smith Salisbury" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Smith was born Sadie Smith in Willesden in the north-west London borough of Brent to a Jamaican mother, Yvonne Bailey, and an English father, Harvey Smith. At the age of 14, she changed her name to Zadie.Smith's mother grew up in Jamaica, and emigrated to England in 1969. Smith's parents divorced when she was a teenager. She has a half-sister, a half-brother, and two younger brothers (one is the rapper and stand-up comedian Doc Brown, and the other is the rapper Luc Skyz). As a child, Smith was fond of tap dancing, and in her teenage years, she considered a career in musical theatre. While at university, Smith earned money as a jazz singer, and wanted to become a journalist. Despite earlier ambitions, literature emerged as her principal interest.", "title": "Zadie Smith" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Judi Dench as Queen Victoria Ali Fazal as Abdul Karim Eddie Izzard as Bertie, Prince of Wales Tim Pigott - Smith as Sir Henry Ponsonby Adeel Akhtar as Mohammed Simon Callow as Mr. Puccini Michael Gambon as Lord Salisbury Julian Wadham as Alick Yorke Olivia Williams as Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill Fenella Woolgar as Miss Phipps Jonathan Harden as The Kaiser Paul Higgins as Sir James Reid, Physician to the Queen Robin Soans as Arthur Bigge Sukh Ojla as Mrs. Karim", "title": "Victoria & Abdul" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tara Bray Smith (born September 1970) is an American author. She has produced the books \"West of Then: A Mother, a Daughter, and a Journey Past Paradise\" (2004) and \"Betwixt\" (2007).", "title": "Tara Bray Smith" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dweezil Zappa was born in Los Angeles, California to Frank Zappa and Gail Zappa. He is the second of four siblings: his older sister, Moon, younger sister Diva and younger brother Ahmet, and is the cousin of actress Lala Sloatman. Zappa's father was of Sicilian, Greek, Arab, and French descent, and his mother was of French, Irish and mostly Danish ancestry.", "title": "Dweezil Zappa" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was \"the worst I have ever had\", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a \"half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man\". Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule, but to Victoria's glee it was defeated. In the ensuing election, Gladstone's party lost to Salisbury's and the government switched hands again.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stiegel was the eldest of six children born to John Frederick and Dorothea Elizabeth Stiegel in the Free Imperial City of Cologne. He immigrated to British North America in 1750 with his mother and younger brother, Anthony (his father and other siblings had died). The Stiegels sailed on a ship known as the \"Nancy\", and arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 31, 1750.", "title": "Henry William Stiegel" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "History of Joseph Smith by His Mother is a biography of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, according to his mother, Lucy Mack Smith. It was originally titled Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith, the Prophet, and His Progenitors for Many Generations and was published by Orson Pratt in Liverpool in 1853.", "title": "History of Joseph Smith by His Mother" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "She was born in New York City, the eldest daughter of Eugene Meyer (1875–1959), future publisher of the Washington Post, and Agnes Elizabeth (Ernst) Meyer (1887–1970). Her younger sister was the future Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham. Her father was Jewish and her mother was Lutheran, from a family of German descent. Along with her four siblings, she was baptized as a Lutheran but attended an Episcopal church.", "title": "Florence Meyer" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tiny Furniture is a 2010 American independent comedy-drama film written, directed by, and starring Lena Dunham. The film premiered at South by Southwest, where it won the award for Best Narrative Feature, screened at such festivals as Maryland Film Festival, and was released theatrically in the United States on November 12, 2010. Dunham’s own mother, the artist Laurie Simmons, plays Aura’s mother, while her real sister, Grace, plays Aura’s on-screen sibling. The actors Jemima Kirke and Alex Karpovsky would also appear in Dunham's television series \"Girls\".", "title": "Tiny Furniture" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city was founded in 1890 by the Pioneer Column, a small military force of the British South Africa Company, and named Fort Salisbury after the British prime minister Lord Salisbury. Company administrators demarcated the city and ran it until Southern Rhodesia achieved responsible government in 1923. Salisbury was thereafter the seat of the Southern Rhodesian (later Rhodesian) government and, between 1953 and 1963, the capital of the Central African Federation. It retained the name Salisbury until 1982, when it was renamed Harare on the second anniversary of Zimbabwean independence.", "title": "Harare" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The daughter of the Australians Bill and Deborah Kellaway, she is the older sister of the journalist Lucy Kellaway. Both siblings were educated at the Camden School for Girls, where their mother was a teacher, and at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where Kate Kellaway read English.", "title": "Kate Kellaway" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katharine Brown (born 7 April 1987) is a Scottish model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Scotland 2009 and Miss United Kingdom 2010. Katharine attended Dunblane High School.", "title": "Katharine Brown" } ]	Who is the mother of Katharine Smith Salisbury's brother?	Lucy Mack Smith	[]	Title: Florence Meyer Passage: She was born in New York City, the eldest daughter of Eugene Meyer (1875–1959), future publisher of the Washington Post, and Agnes Elizabeth (Ernst) Meyer (1887–1970). Her younger sister was the future Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham. Her father was Jewish and her mother was Lutheran, from a family of German descent. Along with her four siblings, she was baptized as a Lutheran but attended an Episcopal church. Title: Harare Passage: The city was founded in 1890 by the Pioneer Column, a small military force of the British South Africa Company, and named Fort Salisbury after the British prime minister Lord Salisbury. Company administrators demarcated the city and ran it until Southern Rhodesia achieved responsible government in 1923. Salisbury was thereafter the seat of the Southern Rhodesian (later Rhodesian) government and, between 1953 and 1963, the capital of the Central African Federation. It retained the name Salisbury until 1982, when it was renamed Harare on the second anniversary of Zimbabwean independence. Title: Katharine Sergava Passage: Katharine Sergava (July 30, 1910 in Tbilisi, Georgia – November 26, 2005. Married name: Katharine Sergava Sznycer) was an actress and dancer. Title: History of Joseph Smith by His Mother Passage: History of Joseph Smith by His Mother is a biography of Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, according to his mother, Lucy Mack Smith. It was originally titled Biographical Sketches of Joseph Smith, the Prophet, and His Progenitors for Many Generations and was published by Orson Pratt in Liverpool in 1853. Title: Minnie Cumnock Blodgett Passage: Minnie Cumnock Blodgett (1862–1931) graduated from Vassar College in 1884, later becoming a trustee (1917–1931). She is the mother of Katharine Blodgett Hadley (VC '20), who was also a Vassar trustee (1942–1954), and was chairman of the Board (1945–1952). Title: Victoria & Abdul Passage: Judi Dench as Queen Victoria Ali Fazal as Abdul Karim Eddie Izzard as Bertie, Prince of Wales Tim Pigott - Smith as Sir Henry Ponsonby Adeel Akhtar as Mohammed Simon Callow as Mr. Puccini Michael Gambon as Lord Salisbury Julian Wadham as Alick Yorke Olivia Williams as Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill Fenella Woolgar as Miss Phipps Jonathan Harden as The Kaiser Paul Higgins as Sir James Reid, Physician to the Queen Robin Soans as Arthur Bigge Sukh Ojla as Mrs. Karim Title: Victoria & Abdul Passage: Judi Dench as Queen Victoria Ali Fazal as Abdul Karim Eddie Izzard as Bertie, Prince of Wales Adeel Akhtar as Mohammed Tim Pigott - Smith as Sir Henry Ponsonby Olivia Williams as Jane Spencer, Baroness Churchill Fenella Woolgar as Miss Phipps Paul Higgins as Sir James Reid, Physician to the Queen Robin Soans as Arthur Bigge Julian Wadham as Alick Yorke Simon Callow as Mr. Puccini Michael Gambon as Lord Salisbury Title: Katharine Brown Passage: Katharine Brown (born 7 April 1987) is a Scottish model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Scotland 2009 and Miss United Kingdom 2010. Katharine attended Dunblane High School. Title: Zadie Smith Passage: Smith was born Sadie Smith in Willesden in the north-west London borough of Brent to a Jamaican mother, Yvonne Bailey, and an English father, Harvey Smith. At the age of 14, she changed her name to Zadie.Smith's mother grew up in Jamaica, and emigrated to England in 1969. Smith's parents divorced when she was a teenager. She has a half-sister, a half-brother, and two younger brothers (one is the rapper and stand-up comedian Doc Brown, and the other is the rapper Luc Skyz). As a child, Smith was fond of tap dancing, and in her teenage years, she considered a career in musical theatre. While at university, Smith earned money as a jazz singer, and wanted to become a journalist. Despite earlier ambitions, literature emerged as her principal interest. Title: Tiny Furniture Passage: Tiny Furniture is a 2010 American independent comedy-drama film written, directed by, and starring Lena Dunham. The film premiered at South by Southwest, where it won the award for Best Narrative Feature, screened at such festivals as Maryland Film Festival, and was released theatrically in the United States on November 12, 2010. Dunham’s own mother, the artist Laurie Simmons, plays Aura’s mother, while her real sister, Grace, plays Aura’s on-screen sibling. The actors Jemima Kirke and Alex Karpovsky would also appear in Dunham's television series "Girls". Title: Kate Kellaway Passage: The daughter of the Australians Bill and Deborah Kellaway, she is the older sister of the journalist Lucy Kellaway. Both siblings were educated at the Camden School for Girls, where their mother was a teacher, and at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where Kate Kellaway read English. Title: Will Smith Passage: Smith was born on September 25, 1968 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Caroline (Bright), a Philadelphia school board administrator, and Willard Carroll Smith Sr., a U.S. Air Force veteran and refrigeration engineer. He grew up in West Philadelphia's Wynnefield neighborhood, and was raised Baptist. He has an elder sister named Pamela and two younger siblings, twins Harry and Ellen. Smith attended Our Lady of Lourdes, a private Catholic elementary school in Philadelphia. His parents separated when he was 13, but did not actually divorce until around 2000.Smith attended Overbrook High School. While it has been widely reported that Smith turned down a scholarship to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he never applied to college because he "wanted to rap." Smith says he was admitted to a "pre-engineering [summer] program" at MIT for high school students, but he did not attend. According to Smith, "My mother, who worked for the School Board of Philadelphia, had a friend who was the admissions officer at MIT. I had pretty high SAT scores and they needed black kids, so I probably could have gotten in. But I had no intention of going to college." Title: Henry William Stiegel Passage: Stiegel was the eldest of six children born to John Frederick and Dorothea Elizabeth Stiegel in the Free Imperial City of Cologne. He immigrated to British North America in 1750 with his mother and younger brother, Anthony (his father and other siblings had died). The Stiegels sailed on a ship known as the "Nancy", and arrived in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on August 31, 1750. Title: Queen Victoria Passage: Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a "half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man". Gladstone attempted to pass a bill granting Ireland home rule, but to Victoria's glee it was defeated. In the ensuing election, Gladstone's party lost to Salisbury's and the government switched hands again. Title: Dweezil Zappa Passage: Dweezil Zappa was born in Los Angeles, California to Frank Zappa and Gail Zappa. He is the second of four siblings: his older sister, Moon, younger sister Diva and younger brother Ahmet, and is the cousin of actress Lala Sloatman. Zappa's father was of Sicilian, Greek, Arab, and French descent, and his mother was of French, Irish and mostly Danish ancestry. Title: Catharina Wallenstedt Passage: Catharina Wallenstedt was the daughter of Bishop Laurentius Olai Wallius and Catharina Tidemansdotter, and was alongside her siblings ennobled in 1650. She was maid of honour to Queen Christina of Sweden in 1649–1655. In 1655 she married Edvard Ehrenstéen (died 1686). She was the mother-in-law to Nils Gyldenstolpe and Arvid Horn. Title: Southern Railway routes west of Salisbury Passage: This article describes the history and operation of the railway routes west of Salisbury built by the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) and allied companies, which ultimately became part of the Southern Railway in the United Kingdom. Salisbury forms a natural boundary between the Southern Railway core routes in the counties surrounding London, and the long route connecting with the Devon and Cornwall lines. Title: Polemon II of Pontus Passage: Polemon II's father died in 8 BC. His mother then married King Archelaus of Cappadocia, and the family had moved to Cappadocia, where Polemon II was raised, along with his siblings, at the court of his stepfather. Archelaus died in 17, whereupon Polemon II and his mother moved back to Pontus. From 17 until 38, Polemon II lived as a private citizen in Pontus and assisted his mother in the administration of their realm. When his mother died in 38, Polemon II succeeded his mother as the sole ruler of Pontus, Colchis and Cilicia. Title: Katharine Smith Salisbury Passage: Katharine Smith Salisbury (July 8, 1813 – February 1, 1900) was a sister to Joseph Smith and an early convert in the Latter Day Saint movement. Title: Tara Bray Smith Passage: Tara Bray Smith (born September 1970) is an American author. She has produced the books "West of Then: A Mother, a Daughter, and a Journey Past Paradise" (2004) and "Betwixt" (2007).	[ "Katharine Smith Salisbury", "History of Joseph Smith by His Mother" ]

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.